Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from China with descriptions of five new species belonging to the Ch. laesus -group

Abstract

Five new species belonging to the Chrysotus laesus-group redefined by Wei and Zhang are described and illustrated, and the group is divided into 5 species-subgroups: adunatus-subgroup, brevicercus-subgroup, nudisetus-subgroup, laesus-subgroup, trapezinus-subgroup. A key to the Chrysotus species groups known from China and all 22 species assigned to Ch. laesus species-group are provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Anshun Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Anshun, Guizhou (ACDPCAG).
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Oriental Insects
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Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
from China with descriptions of five new species
belonging to the Ch. laesus-group
Zhengxiang Zhou & Lianmeng Wei
To cite this article: Zhengxiang Zhou & Lianmeng Wei (2017) Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae) from China with descriptions of five new species belonging to the Ch. laesus-
group, Oriental Insects, 51:3, 227-245, DOI: 10.1080/00305316.2016.1276486
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2016.1276486
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ORIENTAL INSECTS, 2017
VOL. 51, NO. 3, 227245
https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2016.1276486
Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from China
with descriptions of ve new species belonging to the
Ch. laesus-group
Zhengxiang Zhoua and Lianmeng Weib
aCollege of Agriculture, Anshun University, Guizhou, China; bAnshun Center for Disease Prevention &
Control, Anshun, Guizhou, China
ABSTRACT
Five new species belonging to the Chrysotus laesus-group
redened by Wei and Zhang are described and illustrated,
and the group is divided into 5 species-subgroups: adunatus-
subgroup, brevicercus-subgroup, nudisetus-subgroup, laesus-
subgroup, trapezinus-subgroup. A key to the Chrysotus species
groups known from China and all 22 species assigned to
Ch. laesus species-group are provided. The type specimens
of the new species are deposited in the Anshun Centre for
Disease Prevention and Control, Anshun, Guizhou (ACDPCAG).
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:
0151F59F-A22C-4900-92B3-82F1AE0A698F
Introduction
e genus Chrysotus Meigen is the largest genus in the subfamily Diaphorinae,
with about 450 species in worldwide (Capellari 2015; Capellari and Amorim 2010;
Grichanov 2013; Liu et al. 2013, 2015; Negrobov 1980; Negrobov and Maslova
1995; Negrobov et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2016; Wei 2012; Wei & Zhang 2010; Wei
et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2006, 2011). So far, more than 160 species have been rec-
ognized from China (Wang and Yang 2006, 2008, 2009; Yang et al. 2006, 2011;
Wei and Zhang 2010; Liu et al. 2013, 2015; Wei et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2016),
most of which were divided into 2 species groups, viz., Ch. laesus-group Wei and
Zhang 2010 and Ch. papuanus-group Wei et al. 2014 and all them can be iden-
tied by the Chinese keys (Wang & Yang 2009; Wei & Zhang 2010; Yang et al.
2011; Wei 2012; Liu et al. 2013; Wei et al. 2014). Also, a new group species, viz.,
Ch. legongshanus-group including 59 species, was founded from Southwestern
China (Wei in press).
© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
KEYWORDS
Diptera; Dolichopodidae;
Chrysotus; laesus-group; new
species; China
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received 29 March 2016
Accepted21 December 2016
CONTACT Lianmeng Wei asjkzx2009@163.com

228 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
e Chrysotus laesus-group (Negrobov 1980), as redened by Wei and Zhang
(2010), includes 16 species distributed in Oriental and Palaearctic regions.
Recently, a new member of the group from Tibet, China was added by Liu
et al. (2013). erefore, there are currently 22 species ascribed to the laesus-group
including 5 new species described in this paper. e Chrysotus laesus-group can
be recognized mostly by the male epandrium with characteristic angular projec-
tion posteriorly, assumed to be synapomorphic for all the included species (Wei
& Zhang 2010). e group was latter regarded as the core clade of Chrysotus by
Capellari and Amorim (2012, p. 87). In this paper, the laesus-group is further
divided into 5 subgroups mainly based on male genitalia structures.
e present study is part of on-going studies on the genus Chrysotus from
Southwestern China.
Materials and methods
Material for this study came mainly from specimens collected in yellow pan traps
between 2005 and 2010, funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China and the Guizhou Provincial Governor Fund of Talented Person for Excellent
Science, Technology and Education. Voucher material is deposited in the Insect
Collection at the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Anshun, Guizhou.
Morphological terminology mainly follows McAlpine (1981), except the male
genitalia which follows Capellari and Amorim (2010).
e following abbreviations are used: acr: acrostichal seta, ad: anterodorsal seta,
av: anteroventral seta, CuAx ratio: length of m-cu/length of distal portion of CuA,
dc: dorsocentral seta, Li: fore leg, LII: mid leg, LIII: hind leg, pd: posterodorsal
seta, pv: posteroventral seta, v: ventral seta.
Taxonomy
e Chrysotus laesus-group
Diagnosis
See Wei and Zhang (2010).
A. The Chrysotus laesus-group includes the following species
1. adunatus-subgroup (1 species)
1. adunatus Wei et Zhang, 2010 (China, Guizhou: Anshun, Jiaozishan,
1400m)
2. brevicercus subgroup (12 species)
1. agraulus Wei et Zhang, 2010 (China, Guizhou: Anshun, Ganpu,
1250m)
2. anshunus Wei et Zhang，2010 (China, Guizhou, Anshun,
Jiaozishan, 1400m)

ORIENTAL INSECTS 229
3. apicicaudatus Wei et Zhang，2010 (China, Guizhou: Daozhen,
Dashahe, 1400m)
4. brevicercus Wang et Yang, 2009 (North China, Henan and
Shandong)
5. fanjingshanus Wei et Zhang，2010 (China, Guizhou: Fanjingshan,
1800m)
6. fuscitibialis Wei et Zhang，2010 (China, Guizhou, Anshun,
Jiaozishan, 1400m)
7. guizhouensis Wang et Yang, 2009 (China, Guizhou, Daozhen,
Dashahe, 1700m)
8. jiaozishanus sp. nov. (China, Guizhou: Anshun, Jiaozishan,
Taoduizhai, 1400m)
9. laxifacialus Wei et Zhang，2010 (China, Guizhou: Chishui,
Dagangou, 100m)
10. nigrisetus sp. nov. (China, Guizhou: Qingzhen, Zhanjie, 1500m)
11. qingzhenus sp. nov. (China, Guizhou: Qingzhen, Zhanjie, 1500m)
12. xinanus Wei et Zhang, 2010 (China, Guizhou, Guanxi, Sichuan
and Yunnan, 700–1800m)
3. nudisetus-subgroup (5 species)
1. biprojicienus Wei et Zhang, 2010 (China, Guizhou: Shibing, Yuntaishan,
700m; China: Tibet, Linzhi, Motuo 80K, 1000m)
2. combinatus sp. nov. (China, Guizhou: Anshun, Caiguan, Pingdichang, 1400m)
3. nitidus sp. nov. (China, Guizhou: Anshun, Jiaozishan, 1500m)
4. nudisetus Negrobov et Maslova, 1995 (Palaearctic: Russia)
5. tibetensis Liu, Wang et Yang, 2013 (China, Tibet, Linzhi, Namaicun, 3200m)
4. laesus-subgroup (3 species)
1. laesus (Wiedemman, 1817) (Palaearctic: England, Sweden, Denmark,
Finland, Norway, France, Netherland, Switzerland, Austria, Germany,
Belgium, Italy, Belarus, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czech, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, China)
2. pallidus Wei et Zhang, 2010 (China, Guizhou: Zhenning, Bahe and Qianxi,
Bailidujian, 1100–1800m)
3. serratus Wang et Yang, 2006 (North China, Beijing, 557–1330m)
5. trapezinus-subgroup (1 species)
1. trapezinus Wei et Zhang, 2010 (China, Guizhou: Zhenning, Bahe, 1100m)
B. A Key to subgroups and species of the Chrysotus laesus-group
1. Pale species. Leg yellow at most coxa black to brownish black, femur usually
more or less black to brownish black apically or yellow entirely. Mid tibia usually
with 2 ad and 2 pd. Hind tibia usually with dense and long basal pile anteriorly.

230 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
Squama pale with yellow or brownish yellow setula. Halter pale. Surstylus usu-
ally with its apical inner angle (incuding over 300 species that at least can be
classied into 3 species-groups)…………………………other Chrysotus groups
Black species. Leg black to brownish black at most tibia and tarsus yellowish to
yellow and seldomly femur yellowish apically. Mid tibia with 1 ad and usually
without pd. Squama and halter brownish black or yellow to brownish yellow.
Surstylus usually without its apical inner angle…………………………………2
2. Epandrium with characteristic angular projection posteriorly. Hypandrium
with process at apex. Surstylus without its apical inner angle. Postocular and
occiput with setae usually black. Proboscis and palpus usually blackish brown
or brownish black, seldom yellowish. Leg with femur usually brownish black or
black, at most individual species yellowish at tip, with tibia always more or less
yellowish. Hind tibia with normal basal pile anteriorly……...............................…
…....………Chrysotus laesus-group sensu Wei et Zhang (2010) …………...…5
Epandrium without characteristic angular projection posteriorly at most with
arced projection posteriorly; other features variable……………..…..............…3
3. Ventral projection of epandrium abnormal, remarkably elongated, its end acute,
at least reaching level of distal margin of lateral epandrial lobe. Ejaculatory
apodeme usually stick-like. Hypandrium usually with a small angular projector
apically. Hind tibia with long and dense basal pile mainly anteriorly or seldomly
ventrally. Squama brownish black, except individual yellowish brown, with dark
setulae. Halter brownish black to black…..……………………...………………
..…………..……………….Chrysotus papuanus-group sensu Wei et al. (2014)
Ventral projection of epandrium not as above; other features variable………4
4. Male St8 with a pair of characteristic strong spines apically. Epandrium more
or less recurvated backwardly. e included angle between axis of surstylus and
epandrium usually approaching or exceeding 45° but occasionally at small or
very small angle, as usually seen in members of Chrysotus. Hypandrium with
various developed projectors apically, diversity is very rich. Ventral projection
of epandrium normal, not elongated, its end usually dull angular, usually with-
drawn from level of distal margin of lateral epandrial lobe. Ejaculatory apodeme
usually nail-like or nearly so, folded strongly from basally. Hind tibia with or
without dense long basal pile anteriorly. Squama and halter not always yellow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .……… Chrysotus leigongshanus-group (in press)
Male St8 without characteristic spines. Epandrium not recurvated backwardly;
other features variable……………………………………other Chrysotus groups
5. Postocular and occiput with setae pale. Fore coxa with pale setulae and setae
anteriorly. Male genitalia: ventral projection of epandrium with end at; lateral
epandrial lobe is triangular; surstylus attened distally and with 2 apical setae;
hypandrium stout, apical part swollen, rounded, and denticulated marginally
(laesus-subgroup) ....................................…………………………………………6
Postocular and occiput usually with setae black. Fore coxa with black setulae and
setae anteriorly. Male genitalia with other features variable……..…………..…8

ORIENTAL INSECTS 231
6. Mid tibia with 2–3 ad and 4 pd…………Chrysotus laesus (Wiedemman, 1817)
Mid tibia without ad and pd……………………………………………………7
7. Hind femur wholly black, not yellow apically. Male genitalia: cercus
shorter than broad, nearly round; lateral epandrial lobe with end tongue-
shaped; hypandrium with enlarged apical part in an open loop ......................
.......................................……………….Chrysotus serratus Wang et Yang, 2006
Hind femur yellow apically. Male genitalia: cercus longer, oval; lateral epandrial
lobe equilateral triangle in shape; hypandrium with enlarged apical part in a
closed loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysotus pallidus Wei & Zhang 2010
8. Male genitalia: Hypandrium with a pair of projections apically, at least one of
which located dorsally or laterally (nudisetus-subgroup)…...…..……………9
Male genitalia: Hypandrium with lateral or ventral projection apically, individ-
ually with a small process on dorsum of this ventral projection (Fig. 2)……..13
9. Mid tibia with 1 ad……………Chrysotus nudisetus Negrobov et Maslova, 1995
Mid tibia with 2 ad………………………………………………….…………..10
10. Hind leg entirely black or brownish black…………………………...…………11
Hind tibia almost entirely yellow………………………………………………..12
11. Fore tibia without ad; mid tibia without pd……Chrysotus combinatus sp. nov.
Fore tibia with 1 ad; mid tibia with 2 weak pd……………………………………
……………………………………Chrysotus biprojicienus Wei et Zhang, 2010
12. Mid tibia with 2 pd. Hind tarsi black.………...………………………………
…………………………………Chrysotus tibetensis Liu, Wang et Yang, 2013
Mid tibia with 1 pd. Hind tarsi yellow to brown.……Chrysotus nitidus sp. nov.
13. Male genitalia: hypandrium with lateral banana-shaped projection (adunatus-
subgroup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chrysotus adunatus Wei et Zhang, 2010
Male genitalia: hypandrium with ventral projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………14
14. Male genitalia: hypandrium with ventral projection stripe-like broad end bear-
ing ridges (trapezinus-subgroup) ……Chrysotus trapezinus Wei et Zhang, 2010
Male genitalia: hypandrium with ventral projection strip-like, stick-like or
ngered usually pointed apically (brevicercus-subgroup)………………………15
15. Male genitalia: Hypandrium with ventral projection stick-like or
ngered………………………………………………………………………16
Male genitalia: hypandrium with ventral projection strip-like, which usually
pointed apically.......…………………………………………………………23
16. Postocular setae (including posteroventral setulae) pale. Male genitalia: Lateral
epandrial lobe bearing a long seta at front margin basally……………………
…………………………………Chrysotus fanjingshanus Wei et Zhang, 2010
Postocular setae (including posteroventral setulae) black. Male genitalia: Lateral
epandrial lobe not bearing a long seta at front margin basally......................17
17. Face ‘X-shape’, the narrowest portion at below middle, which about as wide
as width of tarsomere 5……………Chrysotus laxifacialus Wei et Zhang, 2010
Face long trapezoidal, the narrowest lower portion about as wide as rst
agellomere…….……………………………………………………………18

232 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
18. Male genitalia: Cercus pentagonal………………………………………………
………………………………………Chrysotus brevicercus Wang et Yang, 2010
Male genitalia: Cercus fan-shaped or triangular, never pentagonal…………19
19. Male genitalia: Surstylus stout. Postgonite with anterior process very large,
trapezoid or tubbish………………………………………………………..…20
Male genitalia: Surstylus usually slender. Postgonite with anterior process
strip-like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………………………………………21
20. Male genitalia: Epandrium with posterior margin straight. Postgonite with
anterior process very large, tubbish. Hypandrium without a small dorsal pro-
jector on strip-shaped ventral projection at apex. Ejaculatory apodeme stick-
shaped, almost completely straight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysotus nigrisetus sp. nov.
Male genitalia: Epandrium with posterior margin exed. Postgonite with ante-
rior process very large, trapezoid. Hypandrium with a small dorsal projector
on strip-shaped ventral projection at apex. Ejaculatory apodeme curved stick-
shape, with base strip-like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysotus jiaozishanus sp. nov.
21. Male genitalia: Surstylus stout. Postgonite with anterior process strip-
like. Proximal potion of hypandrium with a triangular projection
……………………………………………………Chrysotus qingzhenus sp. nov.
Male genitalia: Surstylus slender. Postgonite with anterior process
knife-like. Proximal potion of hypandrium with 1 or 2 conical projections
………………………………….……………………………………………22
22. Femora brown, without dark metallic green, hind tibia with 3 pd. Male genita-
lia: Hypandrium with ventral process rather long and acute apically. Proximal
potion of hypandrium with 2 conical projections, one rather smaller and
another larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysotus fuscitibialis Wei et Zhang, 2010.
Femora brownish black, with dark metallic green, hind tibia with 4 pd.
Male genitalia: Hypandrium with ventral process rather short and globular
expanded apically. Proximal potion of hypandrium with 1 conical projection
only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysotus xinanus Wei et Zhang, 2010
23. First agellomere triangular, 1.3 times as long as wide. Mid femur with 2 rows
of long ventral setae. Halter brown.……………………………………………
……………………………………Chrysotus guizhouensis Wang et Yang, 2009
First agellomere subtriangular, with length shorter than width. Mid femur
without long ventral setae. Halter pale............................................................…24
24. Palpus brownish yellow. Male genitalia: End of ventral projection of epandrium
with acute anterior angle and hook-like posterior angle; in which the former
not beyond the level of at distal margin of lateral epandrial lobe. Proximal
portion of hypandrium with low at process.............…………………………
………………………………………Chrysotus anshunus Wei et Zhang, 2010
Palpus brown. Male genitalia variable..............................................................…25
25. Male genitalia: Epandrium markedly recurved. Lateral epandrial lobe with
distal margin waved………………Chrysotus apicicaudatus Wei et Zhang, 2010

ORIENTAL INSECTS 233
Male genitalia: Epandrium slightly recurved. Lateral epandrial lobe with distal
margin rounded arced.........................…Chrysotus agraulus Wei et Zhang, 2010
C. Descriptions of new species
1. Chrysotus combinatus sp. nov. (Figure 1)
Description
Male body length 2.0mm, wing length 1.8mm. Head metallic green with pale
gray pollen. Eyes contiguous on face. Setulae and setae on head black, postocular
setae (including postero-ventral setulae) black. Antenna black with rst agel-
lomere subtriangular, about 0.7 times as long as wide; arista black, subapically,
short pubescent. Proboscis brownish black. Palpus brownish yellow, with 1 black
apical seta.
orax dark metallic green with pale gray pollen. Setulae and setae on tho-
rax black; 6 strong dc, 8 irregularly paired acr short and setula-like. Scutellum
with 2 pairs of setae, basal pair short and setula-like. Propleuron with 1 black
setula and 1 black seta on lower part. Leg brownish black, except mid and
hind femora dark brown dorsally; trochanter brownish black; tibiae yellow, but
darkish basally, hind tibia brownish black apically; fore and mid tarsi from tip
of tarsomere 1 yellow to brownish black, hind tarsi brown to brownish black.
Setulae and setae on legs black, fore coxae with black setulae anteriorly. Mid
and hind coxae each with 1 outer seta. Fore femur with 2 pv apically; mid femur
with 3 av and 3 pv apically; hind femur with 4 av and without pv apically. Fore
tibia without ad, apically with 3 short setae; mid tibia with 2 strong ad and
without pd, apically with 5 setae; hind tibia without longer setulae on anterior
surface and with 4 ad and 2 pd, apically with 4 setae. Relative lengths of tibia
and 5 tarsomeres of legs I-III as follows: Li 58 : 30 : 13 : 10 : 8 : 8; LII 70 : 39 :
18 : 12 : 10 : 8; LIII 85 : 22 : 20 : 12 : 9 : 9. Wing hyaline, veins brown; R4+5
and M parallel apically. Squama yellow, with brownish black setulae. Halter
pale, but base brown.
Abdomen brown; setulae and setae on abdomen black. Male genitalia
(Figure 1): Epandrium with characteristic angular projection posteriorly. Cercus
shortly elongated compared to others species, covered with setae and setulae.
Surstylus slightly bent backwards, with 1 seta and its apical inner angle absent.
Lateral epandrial lobe widened ligulate, with attened apex, about 3 times as
wide as surstylus, bearing 2 setae distally. Ventral projection of epandrium short
conical, separated from lobe and its end far from distal margin of lateral epandrial
lobe. Hypandrium with a lateral projection, strip-like, and a long ngered ventral
process at apex; with a large, curved conical projection proximally. Postgonite with
anterior process long narrow quadrilateral, undivided, and with two arms at 90°
similar in length - posterior one slender, bent distally and anterior one developed,
conical. Ejaculatory apodeme brush-shaped.

234 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
Female
Many female specimens belonging to Chrysotus were collected from male eld.
However, it is dicult and dangerous to match pair without careful consideration.
Figure 1. Chrysotus combinatus sp. nov. (male): a. first flagellomere, lateral view, scale
bars=0.1mm; b. genitalia, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm; c. apex of phallus, lateral view, scale
bars=0.05mm.

ORIENTAL INSECTS 235
Holotype
m, China: Guizhou: Anshun, Caiguan, Pingdichang, 1400 m, 26°23′5.05″N,
105°59′36.2″E, 7. viii. 2008, LM Wei, SG Jang and WP Cao (ACDPCAG).
Etymology
e species name is derived from the Latin word ‘combinatus’ (=connection),
with reference to the new species with eyes contiguous on face.
Figure 2. Chrysotus jiaozishanus sp. nov. (male): a. first flagellomere, lateral view, scale
bars=0.1mm; b. genitalia, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm; c. apex of phallus, lateral view, scale
bars=0.05mm.

236 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
Comments
is new species belongs nudisetus-subgroup and related to Ch. biprojicienus, Wei
and Zhang 2010 but can be separated from the latter by the features given in the
key. According to the keys of Wei and Zhang (2010) and Yang et al. (2011), the
new species will run to Ch. anshunus Wei and Zhang, 2010 and Ch. brevicercus
Wang et Yang, 2008, respectively, but hypandrium in the former with a pair of
projections at apex and in the latter with a single ventral projection only at apex.
Figure 3.Chrysotus nigrisetus sp. nov. (male): a. first flagellomere, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm;
b. genitalia, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm; c. apex of phallus, lateral view, scale bars=0.05mm.

ORIENTAL INSECTS 237
2. Chrysotus jiaozishanus sp. nov. (Figure 2)
Description
Male body length 2.2mm, wing length 2.1mm. Head dark metallic green with
pale gray pollen. Face as narrow as line at narrowest portion. Setulae and setae on
head black, postocular setae (including postero-ventral setulae) black. Antenna
black with rst agellomere subtriangular, about 0.6 times as long as wide; arista
Figure 4.Chrysotus nitidus sp. nov. (male): a. first flagellomere, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm; b.
genitalia, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm; c. apex of phallus, lateral view, scale bars=0.05mm.

238 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
black, subapically, short pubescent. Proboscis brownish black. Palpus brownish
dark, with 1 black apical seta.
orax dark metallic green with brownish yellow pollen. Setulae and setae
on thorax black; 6 strong dc, 8 irregularly paired acr short and setula-like.
Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae, basal pair short and setula-like. Propleuron
with 1 black setula and 1 black seta on lower part. Leg brownish black, femur
without obvious dark metallic green; trochanter brownish black; tibiae yellow,
but darkish basally; hind tibia brown apically; fore and mid tarsi each from
Figure 5. Chrysotus qingzhenus sp. nov. (male): a. first flagellomere, lateral view, scale
bars=0.1mm; b. genitalia, lateral view, scale bars=0.1mm; c. apex of phallus, lateral view, scale
bars=0.05mm.

ORIENTAL INSECTS 239
tip of tarsomere 1 onward brown to brownish black, hind tarsi brownish black
to black. Hind tibia and tarsi with tarsomere 5 attened. Setulae and setae on
leg black, fore coxae with black setulae anteriorly. Mid and hind coxae each
with 1 outer seta. Fore femur with 2 pv apically; mid femur with 3 av and 3 pv
apically; hind femur with 2 av and 3 pv apically. Fore tibia with 1 ad, apically
with 3 short setae; mid tibia with 2 strong ad and 1 short pd, apically with 5
setae, hind tibia without longer setulae on anterior surface and with 2 ad and
3 pd, apically with 4 setae. Relative lengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres of legs
I-III as follows: Li 60 : 33 : 15 : 12 : 8 : 8; LII 77 : 40 : 20 : 13 : 10 : 8; LIII 90 :
28 : 20 : 12 : 9 : 9. Wing hyaline, veins brown; R4+5 and M parallel apically;
CuAx ratio 0.28. Squama yellow, with brownish black setulae. Halter pale but
base brown.
Abdomen dark metallic green with pale gray pollen; setulae and setae on abdomen
black. Male genitalia (Figure 2): Epandrium with characteristic angular projec-
tion posteriorly. Cercus fan-shaped, setulaed and setosed. Surstylus stick-shaped,
pointed apically, bent backwards medially; end with 2 abnormal setae and its api-
cal inner angle absent. Lateral epandrial lobe widened ligulate, with apex almost
attened, more than 2 times as wide as surstylus, bearing 2 setae distally. Ventral
projection of epandrium widened, attened apically, connected with lobe and its
end far from distal margin of lateral epandrial lobe. Hypandrium with a small
dorsal projector on strip-shaped ventral projection at apex, its end much more
withdrawn from level of distal margin of ventral one; with a developed triangu-
lar projection proximally. Postgonite with anterior process very large, trapezoid,
undivided, and with two equilong short arms more than 90°. Ejaculatory apodeme
curved stick-shape, with base strip-like.
Female
Many female specimens belonging to Chrysotus were collected from male eld.
However, it is dicult and dangerous to match pair without careful consideration.
Holotype
m, China: Guizhou: Anshun, Jiaozishan, Taoduizhai, 1400 m, 26°21′15.7″N,
105°55′25.6″E, 19.x. 2008, LM Wei, HM Liu, WP Cao (ACDPCAG).
Etymology
e specic name refers to the type locality of Jiaozishan, Anshun, Guizhou,
China.
Comments
is new species belongs brevicercus-subgroup and related to Ch. nigrisetus sp.
nov. but both of them can be separated from each other by the features given in
the key. According to the keys of Wei and Zhang (2010) and Yang et al. (2011),
this new species will run to couplet 3 and Ch. brevicercus Wan g et Yang, 2008,
respectively, but hypandrium of the new species with a small dorsal projector on
strip-shaped ventral projection at apex. Postgonite with anterior process very
large, trapezoid.

240 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
3. Chrysotus nigrisetus sp. nov. (Figure 3)
Description
Male body length 2.2mm, wing length 2.0mm. Head metallic green with pale
gray pollen. Face separated by a line. Setulae and setae on head black, postocular
setae (including postero-ventral setulae) black. Antenna black with rst agel-
lomere subtriangular, about 0.8 times as long as wide; arista black, subapically,
short pubescent. Proboscis black. Palpus brownish yellow, with 1 black apical
seta.
orax dark metallic green with pale gray pollen. Setulae and setae on thorax
black; 5 strong dc, 7 irregularly paired acr short and setula-like. Scutellum with 2
pairs of setae, basal pair short and setula-like. Propleuron with 1 black setula and
1 black seta on lower part. Leg black; femur with dark metallic green; trochanter
brownish black; fore tibiae yellow, but darkish basally; fore tarsomere 1 yellow,
but from tip of tarsomere 1 onward brownish black; mid- and hind tibiae darkish
brown; mid- and hind tarsi brownish black. Setulae and setae on leg black, fore
coxae with black setulae anteriorly. Mid- and hind coxae each with 1 outer seta.
Fore femur with 3 pv apically; mid-femur with 2 av and 3 pv apically; hind femur
with 4 av and 3 pv apically. Fore tibia with 1 ad, apically with 3 short setae; mid-
tibia 1 ad and 1 pd, both of them strong, apically with 5 setae, hind tibia without
longer setulae on anterior surface and with 3 ad and 3 pd, apically with 4 setae.
Relative lengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres of legs I-III as follows: Li 65 : 36 : 18 :
14 : 9 : 9;LII 86 : 42 : 20 : 16 : 9 : 9; LIII 105 : 30 : 24 : 13 : 10 : 10. Wing hyaline,
veins brown; R4+5 and M parallel apically, CuAx ratio 0.24. Squama brown with
brownish black setulae. Halter pale, but base brown.
Abdomen dark metallic green with pale gray pollen; setulae and setae on abdo-
men black. Male genitalia: Epandrium with characteristic angular projection posteri-
orly and with posterior margin straight. Cercus nearly triangular, dented posteriorly,
setulaed and setosed. Surstylus with same shaped as in Ch. jiaozishanus sp. nov., but
with 4 small apical setae. Lateral epandrial lobe widened ligulate, but with distal
margin attened, about 2 times as wide as surstylus, bearing 1 seta distally. Ventral
projection of epandrium widened, attened apically, connected with lobe and its
end far from distal margin of lateral epandrial lobe. Hypandrium with a ngered
projection at apex; with an acute triangular projection proximally. Postgonite with
anterior process very large, tubbish, undivided, and with two non-equilong short
arms almost in U-shaped - anterior one straight, strip-like and posterior one bent
distally with end pointed. Ejaculatory apodeme stick-shaped, almost completely
straight.
Female
Many female specimens belonging to Chrysotus were collected from male eld.
However, it is dicult and dangerous to match pair without careful consideration.
Holotype
m, China: Guizhou: Qingzhen, Zhanjie, 1500m, 26°36′21.57″N, 106°22′36.7″E,
10.vi. 2011, LM Wei, SG Jiang, WP Cao, LW Bao (ACDPCAG).

ORIENTAL INSECTS 241
Etymology
e species name is derived from the Latin word ‘nigr’ (=black) and ‘set’ (=seta),
in reference to the new species with postocular setae black.
Comments
is new species belongs brevicercus-subgroup and closely related to Ch. jiaozis-
hanus sp. nov., but dierent from the latter by scutum with 5 strong dc, mid-tibia
with 1 ad and 1 pd, and several features in the male genitalia. According to the
keys of Wei and Zhang (2010) and Yang et al. (2011), the new species will run to
couplet 3 and Ch. brevicercus Wang et Yang, 2008, respectively. However, the new
species with following characters that is dierent from the latter: surstylus stout,
epandrium with posterior margin straight, postgonite with anterior process very
large, tubbish.
4. Chrysotus nitidus sp. nov. (Figure 4)
Description
Male body length 2.1mm, wing length 1.9mm. Head metallic green with pale
gray pollen. Eyes contiguous on face. Setulae and setae on head black, postocular
setae (including postero-ventral setulae) black. Antenna black, with rst agel-
lomere triangular, about 0.7 times as long as wide; arista subapically, brownish
black, short pubescent. Proboscis black. Palpus brownish yellow, with 1 black
apical seta.
orax dark metallic green with pale gray pollen. Setulae and setae on thorax
black; 6 strong dc, 8 irregularly paired acr short and setula-like. Scutellum with 2
pairs of setae, basal pair short and setula-like. Propleuron with 1 black setula and
1 black seta on lower part. Leg brownish black with dark metallic green; tibiae
yellow, somewhat darkish basally; fore tarsi and mid-tarsi from tip of tarsomere
1 onward brown to brownish black, hind tarsi yellow to brown. Setulae and setae
on leg black, fore coxae with black setulae anteriorly. Mid and hind coxae each
with 1 outer seta. Fore femur with 2 pv apically; mid-femur with 3 av and 2 pv
apically; hind femur with 3 av and 3 pv apically. Fore tibia with 1 ad, apically with
3 short setae; mid-tibia with 2 ad and 1 pd, both of them strong, apically with 5
setae, hind tibia without longer setulae on anterior surface and with 2 ad and 5
pd, apically with 4 setae. Relative lengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres of legs I-III as
follows: Li 59 : 30 : 15 : 12 : 7 : 7; LII 70 : 35 : 20 : 14 : 8 : 8; LIII 72 : 38 : 20 : 13 : 8
: 7. Wing hyaline, veins brown; R4+5 and M parallel apically; CuAx ratio 0.28.
Squama yellow, with brownish black setulae. Halter yellowish brown, and dark
brown at base.
Abdomen dark metallic green with pale gray pollen; setulae and setae on
abdomen black. Male genitalia: Epandrium with characteristic angular projec-
tion posteriorly. Cercus nearly diamond, setulaed and setosed. Surstylus slender,
bent backwards, tapering apically, end with 1 abnormal seta and a small seta, and
its apical inner angle absent. Lateral epandrial lobe nearly widened ligulate, but
anterodistal angle prominent, about 4 times as wide as surstylus, bearing 3 setae

242 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
distally. Ventral projection of epandrium with end dull angular, separated with
lobe and its end withdrawn from level of lateral epandrial lobe. Hypandrium with
a fan-shaped, upright dorsal projection and a strip-like ventral process at apex,
respectively, which curved and with ngered end; with a triangular projection
proximally. Postgonite with anterior process cone-shaped, undivided, and with
two almost equilong arms nearly at 80° – anterior one straight, strip-like, with end
tapering and posterior one slender, bent distally, with base widened. Ejaculatory
apodeme short stick-shaped.
Female
Many female specimens belonging to Chrysotus were collected from male eld.
However, it is dicult and dangerous to match pair without careful consideration.
Holotype
m, China: Guizhou: Anshun, Jiaozishan, 1500m, 26°19′34.53″N, 105°56′11.66″E,
7. viii. 1991, LM Wei and MH Liu (ACDPCAG).
Etymology
e specic name is from the Latin word ‘nit’ (=shining), in reference to the body
of new species with metallic luster.
Comments
is new species belongs to nudisetus-subgroup and related to Ch. tibetensis Liu
et al. 2013 but can be separated from the latter by the features given in the key.
According to the keys of Wei and Zhang (2010) and Yang et al. (2011), the new
species will run to Ch. anshunus Wei and Zhang, 2010 and couplet 12, respectively,
but hypandrium of the former with fan-shaped, upright dorsal projection and a
strip-like ventral process at apex, respectively, which curved and with ngered
end; with a triangular projection proximally and hind tarsi yellow to brown.
5. Chrysotus qingzhenus sp. nov. (Figure 5)
Description
Male body length 2.1mm, wing length 2.0mm. Head metallic green with brown
pollen. Eyes separated at below narrowest portion by width of fore tibia. Setulae
and setae on head black, postocular setae (including postero-ventral setulae) black.
Antenna black with rst agellomere nearly trapezoid about 0.9 times as long as
wide; arista brownish black, subapically, short pubescent. Proboscis black. Palpus
brownish black, with 1 black apical seta.
orax dark metallic green with brownish gray pollen. Setulae and setae on thorax
black; 6 strong dc, 8 irregularly paired acr short and setula-like. Scutellum with
2 pairs of setae, basal pair short and setula-like. Propleuron with 1 black setula
and 1 black seta on lower part. Leg black, with dark metallic green; trochanter
brownish; tibiae yellow, but darkish brown basally, hind tibia brown apically; fore-
and mid-tarsi from tip of tarsomere 1 onward yellow to brownish black, hind tarsi
brown to brownish black. Setulae and setae on leg black, fore coxae with black
setulae anteriorly. Mid- and hind coxae each with 1 outer seta. Fore femur with
2 pv apically; mid femur with a row av and 4 pv apically; hind femur with 3 av

ORIENTAL INSECTS 243
and 1 pv apically. Fore tibia with 1 ad, apically with 3 short setae; mid tibia with
2 ad and 1 pd, apically with 5 setae, hind tibia with no longer setulae on anterior
surface and with 2 ad and 5 pd, apically with 4 setae. Relative lengths of tibia and
5 tarsomeres of legs I-III as follows: Li 67 : 34 : 18 : 12 : 8 : 8; LII broken o; LIII
76 : 40 : 20 : 15 : 9 : 9. Wing hyaline, veins brown; R4+5 and M parallel apically;
CuAx ratio 0.33. Squama yellow, with black setulae. Halter yellowish white with
base slightly brown.
Abdomen dark metallic green with pale gray pollen; setulae and setae on
abdomen black. Male genitalia: Epandrium with characteristic angular projec-
tion posteriorly. Cercus nearly arrow-like, setulaed and setosed. Surstylus thick,
bent backwards, tapering apically, end with 1 abnormal seta and 2 small setae,
and its apical inner angle absent. Lateral epandrial lobe nearly widened trape-
zoid, about 2 times as wide as surstylus, bearing 2 setae distally. Ventral projec-
tion of epandrium with end dull angular, narrowly separated with lobe and its
end somewhat beyond out level of lateral epandrial lobe. Hypandrium with a
strip-like ventral process, end of which is ngered; with a triangular projection
proximally. Postgonite with anterior process strip-like, undivided, and with two
almost equilong arms less than 80° – anterior one straight, strip-like and poste-
rior one long narrow triangular. Ejaculatory apodeme brush-shaped with rather
long handle.
Female
Many female specimens belonging to Chrysotus were collected from male eld.
However, it is dicult and dangerous to match pair without careful consideration.
Holotype
m, China: Guizhou: Qingzhen, Zhanjie, 1500m, 26°36′21.57″N, 106°22′36.7″E,
10.vi. 2011, LM Wei, SG Jiang, WP Cao, LW Bao (ACDPCAG).
Etymology
e specic name refers to the type locality of Qingzhen, Guizhou, China.
Comments
is new species belongs to brevicercus-subgroup and closely related to Ch.
xinanus Wei and Zhang, 2010; also, according to the keys of Wei and Zhang
(2010) and Yang et al. (2011), the new species will run to couplet 3 and couplet
27, respectively. e new species with following characters dierent from above
three species: eyes separated at below narrowest portion by width of fore tibia;
male genitalia: cercus nearly arrow-like, surstylus stout, curved.
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the Joint Research Fund of Guizhou Science and Technology
Department, Anshun City and Anshun University (No. LKA[2013]12) supported by
Educational Commission of Guizhou Province for nancial assistance.

244 Z. ZHOU AND L. WEI
Disclosure statement
No potential conict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
is work was supported by the Joint Research Fund of Guizhou Science and Technology
Department, Anshun City and Anshun University [grant number LKA[2013]12]; and
Educational Commission of Guizhou Province.
ORCID
Zhengxiang Zhou http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-8062
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