A Note on Three “New“ Species of Xylobium (Orchidaceae , Maxillariinae ) from Ruiz and Pavón's Peruvian Collections

Abstract

The recent transfer to the genus Xylobium of three orchid species originally described by Ruiz and Pavón as members of Maxillaria is challenged on the basis of the extant evidence found in the herbarium and the archives of the Royal Botanic Garden, Madrid, where the first set of materials intended for the Flora Peruviana et Chilensis is deposited. The study of the taxonomic literature does not support the claims about a common usage of the three names, Maxillaria alata, M. bicolor, and M. cuneiformis, as being referable to Xylobium.

Keywords: Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, Maxillaria, Orchidaceae, Pavón Jiménez José Antonio, Ruiz López Hipólito, Xylobium

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
      Xylobium 
three orchid species originally described in the late eighteenth
         
     Maxillaria  

 

    
  
of the three transferred species of Maxillaria
  Maxillaria alata  
M. bicolorM. cuneiformis
    Xylobium, which the authors claim




        
who, in their quotes of one or another of the concerned
species of Maxillaria


   
M. alata    Cyrtidiorchis alata 
Camaridium alatum
HartwegM. bicolor and
M. cuneiformis are treated as true members of Maxillaria,
even though they recorded a personal communication
  M. bicolor belongs to
Xylobium M. triphylla,
which truly belongs instead to Cyrtochlium  
 Maxillaria cuneiformis was not discussed either
  
         
M. bicolor
      
      
 M. alata, and treats both M. bicolor
and M. cuneiformis as good species of Maxillaria

    
    
      
         
       
 
Cyrtochlium
        
members of their Maxillaria, and the last one as a species
of Bletia       
      Maxillaria originally
described in the Systema vegetabilium orae Peruvianae
et Chilensis      
    Systema  
modern concept of Maxillaria sensu lato, and only three
if the genera Maxillariella    
Ornithidium
Maxillaria   
to Cyrtopodium    Cyrtochilum  
to Ida    Sudamerlycaste  
to Oncidium Xylobium  
     
treated as incertae sedisMaxillariella, Ornithidium,
and Sauvetrea      
Maxillaria, three additional species of this genus must be

Fernandezia punctataF. haematodes
Bletia uniora

      
        
      

XYLOBIUM


franco pupulin1
Abstract.Xylobium Max-
illaria
Flora Peruviana et Chilensis
not support the claims about a common usage of the three names, Maxillaria alata, M. bicolor, and M. cuneiformis, as being referable
to Xylobium
Keywords: Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, MaxillariaXylobium
 


1
    

Harvard Papers in Botany



  
      
nature of the protologues published in the Systema 

set of their herbarium specimens, conserved in Madrid
   
 
      

         

      
       
        

in his manuscripts were eventually lost or dispersed after
        



       

illustrations prepared during the journey of the botanists
        
       

        
agregados      
      



        
presumably prepared in Madrid, which often synthesize the


 
the Systema is often further reduced with respect to the

      
publication of the Systema, and the subsequent planned
volume VIII of the Flora Peruviana et Chilensis
the Gynandria monandria and Gynandria diandria,
       
unequivocally associated the manuscripts with the botanical
illustrations, assigning them the same consecutive numbers
        
on the fair copy of the manuscripts when no associated
  s. i c.  s.icone sine icone, without

  sin esqueleto   
        
Maxillaria cuneiformis     
nor exsiccatum      s.ic. y sin
esqueleto        
        
        
manuscript, which fortunately includes further details

descriptions of Maxillaria alata   M. bicolor

were prepared, but made no reference to the lack of
exsiccata, this strongly suggests that actual type specimens
were originally incorporated into the herbarium of the Flora
Peruviana et Chilensis

the specimens sent from Peru and Ecuador by the agregados
      agregados above), are
       
Maxillaria
type of M. platypetala) is a true Maxillaria in the modern
sense, while four others belong to Cyrtochilum, three to
Ida and three to Xylobium, and one each to Cyrtopodium,
Epidendrum, and Oncidium    
       
  Fernandezia Orchys sic 
Ophrys     Maxillaria sensu lato
       
    Maxillaria undulata
   M. variegata   
could be assigned to Xylobium   
truly belonging to Maxillaria, none agree with the type
localities cited in the Systema
specimen of Maxillaria prolifera 
     
M. alata and M.
cuneiformis could be searched for within the many herbaria
where the specimens collected in Peru during the Botanical
      

          
        
Maxillaria to Xylobium    
those species that indisputably belong to Xylobium,
 Maxillaria undulata and M. variegata  
        
       
quinque septem nervia striataquinquenervia plicata


   rugoso granulatum
in M. undulata; ad apicem puntatoglandulosum  M.
variegata    
    M.
cuneiformis      
ensiformia canaliculatanitida
glossy, and the manuscript description characterizes the lip
 integrum      
with Xylobium, whose species invariably present plicate
       
    M. bicolor are described as
Xylobium species,
  subdichotomi  
opposite rows in the same plane, while in Xylobium the

  M. alata is, if possible,
still more curt, and the manuscript description conserved in

fiGure 1AMaxillaria alata
B, Fair copy manuscript description of Maxillaria alata
CMaxillaria variegataD, Fair copy manuscript
description of Maxillaria variegata  

 XYLOBIUM 

  


the winged characteristic of the fruits, but a trigonous ovary
is at most rare in Xylobium

of the less obvious species of Maxillaria originally described


it is including them in Maxillaria

the access to the type specimens of two of the concerned
      
suggests that at least two of the species, M. bicolor and M.
cuneiformis, certainly do not belong to Xylobium according
to their characteristic morphological features, as described

   M. alata, strongly suggests
that it is not a species of Xylobium

from one genus to another without gaining any additional
information about the real nature of the concerned
      
      
   Xylobium with the addition of three
       
the phylogeographic history of the genus and altering the

precludes serious attempts at interpreting and understanding
         

  

         

the plants originally collected during the long journey of the

literature citeD
blanco, m., G. carnevali, w. m. whitten, r. SinGer, S. Koehler,
n. williamS, i. oJeDa. K. neubiG anD l. enDara. 
    

braKo, l. anD J. l. zarucchi
 

carpio lau, J. n., e. a. molinari-novoa anD m. menDoza
tincopa.  Notulae nomenclaturales    
three Maxillaria      

DalStrom, S       Cyrtochilum
     

GarcÍa Guillén, e. anD o. muñoz paz  
        
        f.
muñoz GarmenDÍa, eD La botánica al servicio de la Corona.
La expedición de Ruiz, Pavón y Dombey al Virreinato del Perú
(1777–1831)
miller, h.S       
       

pupulin, f. 2012      
 

 2012       


          

roDrÍGuez nozal, r
         

roque J. anD b. leÓn     

ruiz, h. anD pavÓn J  Flora peruvianae et chilensis
prodromus
  Systema vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et
Chilensis, characteres prodromi genericos differentiales,
specierum omnium differentias, durationem, loca natalia,
tempus orendi, nomina vernacula, vires et usus nonnullis
illustrationibus interspersis complectens   

Schuiteman, a. anD m. chaSe. Maxillaria

Schweinfurth, c.

Steele, a. r. 1964 Flowers for the King: The expedition of
Ruiz and Pavón and the Flora of Peru

whitten, w. m.  Xylobium    a. m.
priDGeon, p. cribb, m. w. chaSe anD f. n. raSmuSSen, eDS
Genera Orchidacearum. Volume 5. Epidendroideae (Part II)

zelenKo, h anD p. bermúDez
  h. zelenKo, anD p. bermúDez, eDS Orchid species of
Peru