Issues of Language Contact and Shift in Tai Ahom

Abstract

Tai Ahom, an endangered language from the Tai-Kadai family and once spoken in Assam, India is on the verge of total extinction now, the principle reason of its disappearance being the advent and strong influence of Assamese language. The present paper proposes to address the main issues of language contact and language shift with regard to the Tai Ahom language and its endangerment. The paper will focus on the following points: (a) a brief historical background of the language, (b) factors influencing its shift and gradual extinction (which will be discussed in the context of a sociolinguistic description of the language), and (c) the issue of cultural assimilation in the context of language contact and borrowings, which will be discussed with regard to the strong influence of Assamese on Tai Ahom and vice versa. It is remarkable that Assamese language was the primary factor contributing to the gradual extinction of Tai Ahom among the speakers of its own community. Interestingly, the vocabulary of Assamese language is now rich with Tai Ahom words. The present topic is based on the linguistic analysis conducted in field work in the Sivasagar district of Assam, which is considered to be the epicenter of Tai Ahom culture. The Ahoms ruled Assam for a glorious 600 long years (1228 AD-1826 AD). The history of Assam is written and documented in this language. Although no longer being used as the spoken language among the Ahom community, the use of Tai Ahom language is now limited only to the religious ceremonies and prayer songs still performed by the Ahom priestly class. While explaining the case of endangerment of Tai Ahom, the issues of language revival are also of essential significance. Current scenario observes various language revival plans being developed by the government of Assam as well as by its academic institutions. On a personal front, being a member from the Ahom community, it is a very special feeling to see the endangered language revive slowly but steadily.