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Arcyriatella congregata, a new genus and new species of the Trichiaceae (Myxomycetes)
... The genera Badhamiopsis and Kelleromyxa have been segregated from Badhamia and Licea, respectively. Arcyriatella has been recognized as a new genus (Hochgesand & Gottsberger 1989) morphologically intermediate between Arcyria and Minakatella. Lado's continuously updated website (Lado –2014) currently (Jan 2015) lists 62 genera of myxomycetes, including Ceratiomyxa and Semimorula. ...
Genera and species of myxomycetes have been based traditionally on morphological features of the fruitbodies (sporocarps). Certain species bridge the gap between two genera by combining morphological characters, such as is the case for Hemitrichia leiocarpa, which combines characters of Hemitrichia and Arcyria and could equally well be placed in either genus on morphological grounds. A few species of Physarum and Badhamia combine characters of both genera. Molecular investigations are today a powerful tool for investigating evolutionary relationships, and there is molecular evidence that the two physaraceous genera mentioned above can no longer be maintained as presently circumscribed. Paraphyly has been demonstrated in the Stemonitales and additional molecular data are likely to necessitate changes in the circumscription of some genera. Certain species of Licea and Perichaena have minute sporocarps with simple morphology. Smaller sporocarps of some species of Perichaena may lack a capillitium and be morphologically similar to species of Licea, which blurs the line of separation between these two genera. The genus Licea remains enigmatic and is almost certainly unnatural, even after the removal of L. fimicola to a separate genus. Additional molecular investigations are necessary to elucidate the relationships among the different species.
... The genera Badhamiopsis and Kelleromyxa have been segregated from Badhamia and Licea, respectively. Arcyriatella has been recognized as a new genus (Hochgesand & Gottsberger 1989) morphologically intermediate between Arcyria and Minakatella. Lado's continuously updated website (Lado –2014) currently (Jan 2015) lists 62 genera of myxomycetes, including Ceratiomyxa and Semimorula. ...
Genera and species of myxomycetes have been based traditionally on morphological features of the fruitbodies (sporocarps). Certain species bridge the gap between two genera by combining morphological characters, such as is the case for Hemitrichia leiocarpa, which combines characters of Hemitrichia and Arcyria and could equally well be placed in either genus on morphological grounds. A few species of Physarum and Badhamia combine characters of both genera. Molecular investigations are today a powerful tool for investigating evolutionary relationships, and there is molecular evidence that the two physaraceous genera mentioned above can no longer be maintained as presently circumscribed. Paraphyly has been demonstrated in the Stemonitales and additional molecular data are likely to necessitate changes in the circumscription of some genera. Certain species of Licea and Perichaena have minute sporocarps with simple morphology. Smaller sporocarps of some species of Perichaena may lack a capillitium and be morphologically similar to species of Licea, which blurs the line of separation between these two genera. The genus Licea remains enigmatic and is almost certainly unnatural, even after the removal of L. fimicola to a separate genus. Additional molecular investigations are necessary to elucidate the relationships among the different species.
... The monotypic genus Arcyriatella, proposed by Hochgesand & Gottsberger (1989), is only known for its type-locality, a Conservation Unit of Atlantic Forest comprising 526,38 hectares, located in the municipality of São Paulo (23°38'08"-23°40'18"S and 46°36'48"-46°38'00"W,770-825 m alt.), with close to 345 ha of forest where species that are typically both of Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest and of the Dense Ombrophylous Forest (Penhalber & Montovani 1997). The typus of A. congregata, deposited in the SP Herbarium collection is well-preserved (figure 7), showing two rusty-red pseudoaethalia, a well-developed silver hypothallus, and typical spores arranged in groups of 3 to 10. ...
Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da coleção de Trichiaceae do Herbário SP, que
abriga 128 exsicatas coletadas principalmente em Unidades de Conservação de Floresta
Atlântica (Parque Nacional da Floresta da Tijuca e Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio
de Janeiro; Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga e Reserva Biológica do Alto da
Serra de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo). Alguns espécimes foram coletados em Floresta
Amazônica (Pará e Rondônia), Cerrado, ambientescosteirose áreas urbanizadas
(MinasGeraise São Paulo). Acoleção de Trichiaceae encontra-se em boas condições de
conservação, com seis gêneros e 15 espécies. Arcyria, com seis
espécies, representa 60% de todas as exsicatas. Arcyria denudata
(L.) Wetts. é um novo registro para o Estado do Pará, ampliando o conhecimento sobre
a distribuição geográfica desta espécie na Amazônia brasileira. Uma lista comentada
das espécies, incluindo o typus do gênero Arcyriatella Hochg. &
Gottsb., é fornecida.
Myxomycetes have been classified with the animal kingdom as well as with fungi. The major trophic stage, the plasmodium, is multinucleate and ingests food in an amoeba-like manner. The amoeboflagellate cells that precede the formation of the plasmodium certainly hint at a connection with protozoan-like organisms in the animal kingdom. The plasmodium gives rise to spore-producing fruiting bodies, and the fungus-like fruiting bodies with spores motivated a supposed relationship with the fungi. Presently, myxomycetes with protostelids and dictyostelids are regarded as phylogenetically closely related and represent a separate side branch of an evolutionary line from amoeboid organisms. This side branch is separate from the line from which fungi and animals arose. On During the first two decades of the 21st century, more than 225 new species have been described. In the present treatment, 68 genera and more than 1050 species are recognized. A revision of the taxonomy and classification and an update on the nomenclature of the group are presented. Recent phylogenetic approaches, based on molecular techniques, also have been taken into consideration. Thanks to the explosive development of the Internet during recent decades it has been possible to develop new tools and design online databases with the purpose to serve, favor, and facilitate taxonomic research by acting as global repositories for data on taxa and literature on myxomycetes. An enumeration of some useful databases, projects, virtual libraries, software, and other tools that facilitate the taxonomic work are included.
Myxomycetes have been classified with the animal kingdom and with fungi. The major trophic stage, the plasmodium, is multinucleate and ingests food in an amoebalike manner. The amoeboflagellate cells that precede the formation of the plasmodium certainly hint at a connection with protozoan-like organisms in the animal kingdom. The plasmodium gives rise to spore-producing fruiting bodies, and the funguslike fruiting bodies with spores motivated a supposed relationship with the fungi. Presently, myxomycetes with protostelids and dictyostelids are regarded as phylogenetically closely related and represent a separate side-branch of an evolutionary line from amoeboid organisms. This side branch is separate from the line from which fungi and animals arose. Over the past 30 years, numerous papers with descriptions of new species of myxomycetes have been published and more than 380 new species have been described. In the present treatment, 64 genera and 980 species are recognized. A revision of the taxonomy and classification, as well as an update on the nomenclature of the group are presented. Recent phylogenetic approaches, based on molecular techniques, also have been taken into consideration. Thanks to the explosive development of the Internet during recent decades it has been possible to develop new tools and design online databases with the purpose to serve, favor, and facilitate taxonomic research by acting as global repositories for data on taxa and literature on myxomycetes. An enumeration of some useful databases, projects, virtual libraries, software, and other tools that facilitate the taxonomic work are included.
A synthesis of the accumulated knowledge on myxomycetes recorded from the Neotropical region is presented in this paper. The biodiversity of these microorganisms in the Neotropics has been underestimated, and this paper shows that half the known species in the world have been recorded from the region. The monograph by M.L Farr, for the series Flora Neotropica, published in 1976, has been taken as a baseline. The records produced after this date, some older obscure records, and data from recently published catalogues, monographs and other papers have been incorporated. The information is presented in a table format by species and countries. Species names are listed with synonyms that have been used in Neotropical literature and nomenclature has been updated. A comprehensive list of references by country has been included. A characteristic assemblage of myxomycetes from the Neotropics has been identified. The richness of myxobiota in different countries has been evaluated, and gaps in current information and unexplored areas have become evident from the results. Use of the compiled information to direct conservation plans, and to serve as a starting point to establish and develop future strategies for the study of myxomycetes in this area of the world, is discussed. The importance of prioritizing this research on microorganismal biodiversity, in view of accelerated habitat destruction, is stressed.
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