Type study of Japanese Dacrymycetes described by Yosio Kobayasi: Redescriptions of five species and a new name proposal

Abstract

The Japanese mycologist, Yosio Kobayasi, described 16 species of Japanese Dacrymycetes. Almost all of the type specimens were thought to have been destroyed during World War II. In this study, Kobayasi's specimens were surveyed, and holotypes of six species, Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi, D. applanatus, D. pezizoides, D. puniceus, D. subalpinus, and Dacryopinax imazekiana, were found and recognized as distinct species. Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi, a later homonym of D. adpressus Grognot, was redescribed with a new name, D. kobayasii. The mycoflora of Japanese Dacrymycetes has been updated to 44 species in nine genera.

Full text

Short communication
Type study of Japanese Dacrymycetes described by
Yosio Kobayasi: Redescriptions of five species and
a new name proposal
Takashi Shirouzu
*
, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
article info
Article history:
Received 5 September 2016
Received in revised form
14 November 2016
Accepted 20 November 2016
Available online xxx
Keywords:
Dacryopinax
Guepinia
Holotype
Mycoflora
TNS
abstract
The Japanese mycologist, Yosio Kobayasi, described 16 species of Japanese Dacrymycetes.
Almost all of the type specimens were thought to have been destroyed during World War II.
In this study, Kobayasi's specimens were surveyed, and holotypes of six species, Dacrymyces
adpressus Kobayasi, D. applanatus,D. pezizoides,D. puniceus,D. subalpinus, and Dacryopinax
imazekiana, were found and recognized as distinct species. Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi, a
later homonym of D. adpressus Grognot, was redescribed with a new name, D. kobayasii. The
mycoflora of Japanese Dacrymycetes has been updated to 44 species in nine genera.
©2016 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dacrymycetes (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota), the sister
group of Agaricomycetes, is a noteworthy lineage for studying
the diversity and evolution of wood-decaying basidiomycetes
(Shirouzu et al. 2013, 2014, 2016). In this class, approximately
120 species in 11 genera are recognized, and 43 species (andone
form) in nine genera have been reported from Japan (Kobayasi
1939a,b, 1955, 1984; Maekawa 1987; Shirouzu et al. 2009).
Among the Japanese Dacrymycetes, 16 species described by
Yosio Kobayasi have either rarely or never been documented
since his original descriptions (Kobayasi 1939a,b, 1955, 1984;
Shirouzu et al. 2009). McNabb (1965a, 1973) noted that some
of Kobayasi's Dacrymycetes may be synonyms of other species
(Table 1). McNabb's opinion was based on references within
Kobayasi's original descriptions, and he was never able to
examine the respective type specimens. In a personal
communication with the late Dr. Kobayasi, he said that many
of the dacrymycetous-type specimens were destroyed during
World War II (Table 1;McNabb 1965a,b,c, 1973).
The National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki, Japan) is currently in the process of rearranging and
digitizing the specimen information in the mycological her-
barium, which conceivably includes Kobayasi'sdacrymycetous
collections, and information for numerous specimens has been
databased and published through the Global Biodiversity In-
formation Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org/) and the Science
Museum Net (http://science-net.kahaku.go.jp/specimen_en/
collection/). The databasing process has allowed us to find
type specimens thatwere believed lost,although the surveyand
*Corresponding author. Fax: þ81 29 853 8401.
E-mail address: shirouzy@gmail.com (T. Shirouzu).
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/myc
mycoscience xxx (2016) 1e8
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.11.003
1340-3540/©2016 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Please cite this article in press as: Shirouzu T, Hosoya T, Type study of Japanese Dacrymycetes described by Yosio Kobayasi: Re-
descriptions of five species and a new name proposal, Mycoscience (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.11.003

rearrangement isnot yet complete.In this study, Kobayasi's type
specimens were surveyed in TNS and examined taxonomically.
Specimen identification
Both formalin preserved and dried specimens were selected
and morphologically examined for species identification.
Basidiocarps were sliced with a razor blade, and the sections
were mounted on a slide glass with a drop of distilled water
and observed under a light microscope (150e1500; BX51,
Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). For the dried specimens,
a basidiocarp was reconstituted by soaking in distilled water
and observed as described above. To examine the species
designation, morphological data were compared with the
original descriptions by Kobayasi (1939a,b).
Type specimens
Type specimens of six species, Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi
(TNS-F-208732), D. applanatus Kobayasi (TNS-F-208731), D.
Table 1 eJapanese Dacrymycetes described by Yosio Kobayasi.
Name Reference McNabb's comment Type specimen
a
Present study
a
Calocera alba
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939b) Possibly a color variant of Calocera
cornea (Batsch) Fr. (McNabb 1965a)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1965a)
Not found
Calocera
coralloides
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939b) Maybe a branched form of C. cornea
(McNabb 1965a)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1965a)
Not found
Calocera cornea f.
gracilis
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939b) Simple basidiocarps of C. cornea
(McNabb 1965a)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1965a)
Not found
Calocera
corniformis
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939b) Closely related to Calocera furcata
(Fr.) Fr. (McNabb 1965a)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1965a)
Not found
Dacrymyces
adpressus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Later homonym of D. adpressus
Grognot, but a distinct species
(McNabb 1973)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Redescribed as D.
kobayasii (TNS-F-
208732)
Dacrymyces
applanatus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Distinct species? (McNabb 1973) Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Distinct species
(TNS-F-208731)
Dacrymyces
kohyasanus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1984) eIn TNS (Kobayasi 1984) Not found
Dacrymyces
neoalbidus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a,
1955)
Maybe a distinct species (as D.
albidus Kobayasi; McNabb 1973)
Not available (McNabb 1973) Not found
Dacrymyces
nikkomontanus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Similar to D. minutus (McNabb 1973) Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Not found
Dacrymyces
pezizoides
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Similar to D. minutus (McNabb 1973) Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Distinct species
(TNS-F-208739)
Dacrymyces
pulcher
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Distinct species (McNabb 1973) Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Not found
Dacrymyces
puniceus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Synonym of D. chrysospermus
(McNabb 1973)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Distinct species
(TNS-F-208741)
Dacrymyces san-
augustinii
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Distinct species (McNabb 1973;
Shirouzu et al. 2009)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Not found
Dacrymyces
subalpinus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Distinct species (McNabb 1973;
Shirouzu et al. 2009)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Distinct species
(TNS-F-208740)
Dacrymyces
tremellosus
Kobayasi
Kobayasi (1939a) Synonym of Dacrymyces capitatus
Schwein.? (McNabb 1973)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1973)
Not found
Dacryopinax
imazekiana
(Kobayasi)
Lowy
Kobayasi (1939b),
Lowy (1959)
Similar to Dacryopinax dennisii
(McNabb 1965b)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1965b)
Distinct species
(TNS-F-200077)
Ditiola orientalis
(Kobayasi)
Govorova
Kobayasi (1939b),
Govorova (1994)
Similar to Femsjonia pezizoidea
(Henn.) McNabb (as F. orientalis;
McNabb 1965c)
Destroyed during World War II
(McNabb 1965c)
Not found
a
TNS, Herbarium of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan.
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descriptions of five species and a new name proposal, Mycoscience (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.11.003

pezizoides Kobayasi (TNS-F-208739), D. puniceus Kobayasi (TNS-
F-208741), D. subalpinus Kobayasi (TNS-F-208740), and Dacryo-
pinax imazekiana (Kobayasi) Lowy (TNS-F-200077), were found
during the survey (Table 1;Supplementary Figs. S1, S2). Based
on the specimen information, i.e., scientific names, collection
dates, localities, names of collectors, and morphological fea-
tures that matched the original descriptions, these six speci-
mens were identified as holotypes of the above six species.
The holotype of D. imazekiana was a dried specimen, and those
of the other five species were preserved in formalin.
The microscopic structures of these specimens were well
preserved. However, basidiocarps immersed in formalin fixa-
tive seemed either bleached or discolored, so we could not
compare theircoloration with those of the originaldescriptions.
Taxonomy
Dacrymyces applanatus Kobayasi, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B 4: 123, 1939. Figs. 1A, 2.
TypedJAPAN, Nagano Pref., Mt. Togakushi, on wood of
conifer, 28 Oct 1936, Y. Kobayasi (holotype TNS-F-208731).
Basidiocarps scattered, pulvinate to applanate, gyrose,
sessile, firm-gelatinous, 1 mm high, 2e10 mm diam. Internal
hyphae branched, septate, thin-walled, hyaline, 2e5mm diam,
with clamp connections. Marginal hyphae on sterile surfaces
of basidiocarps cylindrical, straight or flexuous, septate, hya-
line, with cylindrical thin-walled terminal cells of
10e20 2e3mm. Hymenium limited to the ventral surface of
the basidiocarp, amphigenous, composed of basidia and
simple cylindrical dikaryophyses. Probasidia cylindrical to
clavate, pale yellow, 30e45 3e4mm, with basal clamp con-
nections, becoming bifurcate. Basidiospores cylindrical to
reniform, straight or curved, with an apiculus at the base,
slightly thick-walled, pale yellow, 12e18 5e6mm (14 5.5 mm
on average, n ¼10), l/w 2e3 (2.6 on average), 1e3-septate.
Note dKobayasi (1939a) did not describe either the mar-
ginal hyphae, dikaryophyses, or wall-thickness of basidio-
spores, but the type specimen had cylindrical, thin-walled
marginal hyphae, simple, cylindrical dikaryophyses, and
slightly thick-walled basidiospores (Fig. 2).
Dacrymyces applanatus resembles D. paraphysatus L.S. Olive
in having applanate basidiocarps, hyphae with clamp con-
nections, and 3-septate basidiospores. However, the latter
Fig. 1 eBasidiocarps of type specimens. A: Dacrymyces applanatus (white arrows; TNS-F-208731), B: D. kobayasii (white
arrow; ¼D. adpressus Kobayasi; TNS-F-208732), C: D. pezizoides (TNS-F-208739), D: D. puniceus (TNS-F-208741), E: D.
subalpinus (white arrow; TNS-F-208740), F: Dacryopinax imazekiana (¼Guepinia imazekiana; TNS-F-200077).
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species has branched dikaryophyses, broader basidia
(4.5e7mm), and slightly longer basidiospores
(13.5e22.5 5.5e7mm; Olive 1958). Dacrymyces applanatus is
considered a distinct species (McNabb 1973).
Dacrymyces kobayasii Shirouzu &Hosoya, nom. nov.
Figs. 1B, 3.
MycoBank no.: MB818039.
≡Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B 4: 120, 1939 (Nom. invalid. Art 53.1,
replaced synonym); non D. adpressus Grognot, Plantes
cryptogames-cellulaires du department de S^
aone-et-
Loire avec des tableaux synoptiques, p 200, 1863.
TypedJAPAN, Nagano Pref., Ueda, Sugadaira-kougen, on
bark of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carri
ere, 27 Oct 1936, Y.
Kobayasi (holotype TNS-F-208732).
Fig. 2 eDacrymyces applanatus (TNS-F-208731). A: Longitudinal section of a basidiocarp (dashed line: hymenium, dotted
line: sterile marginal part), B: basidiospores, C: marginal hyphae, D: probasidium, E: young bifurcate basidium.
Fig. 3 eDacrymyces kobayasii (¼D. adpressus Kobayasi; TNS-F-208732). A: Longitudinal section of a basidiocarp (dashed line:
hymenium, dotted line: sterile marginal part), B: basidiospores, C: marginal hyphae, D: probasidium, E: young bifurcate
basidium.
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Etymology dNamed for the Japanese mycologist, Yosio
Kobayasi, who first described the species.
Basidiocarp scattered, convex-applanate, cerebriform,
sessile, firm-gelatinous, 4 mm high, 18 mm diam. Internal
hyphae branched, septate, thin-walled, hyaline, 2e5mm diam,
with clamp connections. Marginal hyphae on sterile surfaces
of basidiocarps cylindrical, straight or flexuous, septate, hya-
line, with cylindrical thin-walled terminal cells of
20e60 2e3mm. Hymenium limited to the ventral surface of
the basidiocarp, amphigenous, composed of basidia and
simple cylindrical dikaryophyses. Probasidia cylindrical to
clavate, pale yellow, 50e70 3e4mm, with basal clamp con-
nections, becoming bifurcate. Basidiospores cylindrical,
straight or curved, with an apiculus at the base, thick-walled,
pale yellow, 18e25 7e10 mm (22 8.5 mm on average, n ¼10),
l/w 2.3e3.1 (2.7 on average), 7e13-septate.
Note dKobayasi (1939a) did not describe either the
dikaryophyses or wall-thickness of basidiospores, but the type
specimen had simple, cylindrical dikaryophyses and thick-
walled basidiospores (Fig. 3).
McNabb (1973) pointed out that D. adpressus Kobayasi
(Kobayasi 1939a) was a later homonym of D. adpressus Grognot
(Grognot 1863). There are no similar species that share the
morphological characters of D. adpressus Kobayasi, e.g.,
applanate basidiocarps, hyphae with clamp connections, and
thick-walled 7e13-septate basidiospores. Dacrymyces adpres-
sus Kobayasi is considered a distinct species (McNabb 1973),
and is redescribed here under a new name, D. kobayasii Shir-
ouzu &Hosoya.
Dacrymyces pezizoides Kobayasi, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B 4: 126, 1939. Figs. 1C, 4.
TypedJAPAN, Shizuoka Pref., Mt. Amagi, on dead trunks of
Symplocos crataegoides Miq. (a Japanese name, Sawafutagi, is
given as the host plant on the type specimen label), 2 Nov
1933, Y. Kobayasi (holotype TNS-F-208739).
Basidiocarps scattered or gregarious, turbinate or irregu-
larly discoid, substipitate- or stipitate-pileate, bearing a
discoid pileus, firm-gelatinous, 5e15 mm high, 10e25 mm
diam. Internal hyphae branched, septate, thin-walled, hya-
line, 2e5mm diam, without clamp connections. Marginal
hyphae on sterile surfaces of basidiocarps cylindrical,
straight or flexuous, septate, hyaline, with subglobose to cy-
lindrical thick-walled terminal cells of 12e15 6e7mm. Hy-
menium limited to the surface of the pileus, amphigenous,
composed of basidia and simple cylindrical dikaryophyses.
Probasidia cylindrical to clavate, pale yellow,
40e60 3e4mm, without basal clamp connections, becoming
bifurcate. Basidiospores cylindrical to reniform, straight or
curved, with an apiculus at the base, thin-walled, pale yel-
low, 10e16 4e6mm (14 5mm on average, n ¼10), l/w
2.2e3.2 (2.9 on average), 1e3-septate.
Note dKobayasi (1939a) did not describe either the pres-
ence or absence of clamp connections (McNabb 1973), dikar-
yophyses, or wall-thickness of basidiospores, but the type
specimen had hyphae without clamp connections, simple,
cylindrical dikaryophyses, and thin-walled basidiospores.
McNabb (1973) pointed out that D. pezizoides resembles D.
minutus (L.S. Olive) McNabb in many morphological features,
but the latter species differs in its smaller basidiocarps
(0.8e3 mm diam) and hyphae with clamp connections
(McNabb 1973). Dacrymyces pezizoides is considered a distinct
species.
Dacrymyces puniceus Kobayasi, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B 4: 121, 1939. Figs. 1D, 5.
¼Dacrymyces aureosporus Shirouzu &Tokum., Persoonia
23: 22, 2009.
TypedJAPAN, Tokyo, Mt. Takao, on wood, 9 Jun 1936, Y.
Kobayasi (holotype TNS-F-208741).
Basidiocarps pulvinate, cerebriform to turbinate, sessile,
substipitate- or stipitate-pileate, bearing a rugose to convolute
semiglobose pileus, firm-gelatinous, 5e10 mm high,
10e20 mm diam. Internal hyphae branched, septate, thin-
walled, hyaline, 2e5mm diam, without clamp connections.
Fig. 4 eDacrymyces pezizoides (TNS-F-208739). A: Longitudinal section of a basidiocarp (dashed line: hymenium, dotted line:
sterile marginal part), B: basidiospores, C: marginal hyphae, D: probasidium, E: young bifurcate basidium.
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Marginal hyphae on sterile surfaces of basidiocarps cylindri-
cal, straight or flexuous, septate, hyaline, with cylindrical
thin-walled terminal cells of 15e25 3e4mm. Hymenium
limited to the ventral surface of the basidiocarp, amphige-
nous, composed of basidia and simple cylindrical dikar-
yophyses. Probasidia cylindrical to clavate, pale yellow,
55e65 7mm, without basal clamp connections, becoming
bifurcate. Basidiospores cylindrical, straight or curved, with
an apiculus at the base, thin-walled, pale yellow,
18e23 7e8mm (20 7.5 mm on average, n ¼10), l/w 2.3e3.3
(2.8 on average), 4e7-septate.
Note dKobayasi (1939a) did not mention either the pres-
ence or absence of clamp connections, dikaryophyses, or wall-
thickness of basidiospores, but the type specimen had hyphae
without clamp connections, simple, cylindrical dikar-
yophyses, and thin-walled basidiospores.
McNabb (1973) treated D. puniceus as a synonym of D.
chrysospermus Berk. &M.A. Curtis. These two Dacrymyces
species are morphologically similar; however, they are
considered different species, because the D. puniceus holotype
has thin-walled marginal hyphae, whereas D. chrysospermus
has thick-walled marginal hyphae (Kobayasi 1939a; McNabb
1973; Shirouzu et al. 2009). Dacrymyces puniceus is considered
a distinct species.
Dacrymyces aureosporus was described as a morphologi-
cally similar species to D. chrysospermus (Shirouzu et al.
2009). At that time, Shirouzu et al. (2009) were unable to
compare D. aureosporus with D. puniceus in detail, because
the morphological information in the original D. puniceus
description was insufficient (Kobayasi 1939a) and its type
specimen was missing. In this study, we found that the
morphological features of D. aureosporus are identical to D.
puniceus, these include the shapes of the basidiocarps (cer-
ebriform to turbinate) and basidiospores (cylindrical,
17e26 6.5e11 mm, 7-septate), hyphae without clamp con-
nections, and thin-walled marginal hyphae (Shirouzu et al.
2009). Dacrymyces aureosporus should be a synonym of D.
puniceus.
Dacrymyces subalpinus Kobayasi, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B 4: 120, 1939. Figs. 1E, 6.
TypedJAPAN, Tochigi Pref., Mt. Nikko-Shirane, on the
wood of a broad-leaved tree, 7 Jul 1936, Y. Kobayasi (holotype
TNS-F-208740).
Basidiocarps scattered or gregarious, cerebriform to
turbinate, sessile, substipitate- or stipitate-pileate, bearing a
rugose to convolute semiglobose pileus, firm-gelatinous,
3e7 mm high, 6e12 mm diam. Internal hyphae branched,
septate, thin-walled, hyaline, 2e5mm diam, without clamp
connections. Marginal hyphae on sterile surfaces of basi-
diocarps cylindrical, straight or flexuous, septate, hyaline,
with cylindrical thin- or slightly thick-walled terminal cells
of 15e25 5mm. Hymenium limited to the ventral surface of
the basidiocarp, amphigenous, composed of basidia and
simple cylindrical dikaryophyses. Probasidia cylindrical to
clavate, pale yellow, 60e90 6e10 mm, without basal clamp
connections, becoming bifurcate. Basidiospores cylindrical
to naviculate, straight or curved, with an apiculus at the
base, thin-walled, pale yellow, 30e43 8e10 mm (36.5 9mm
on average, n ¼10), l/w 3e5 (4 on average), 0e17-
Fig. 5 eDacrymyces puniceus (TNS-F-208741). A: Longitudinal section of a basidiocarp (dashed line: hymenium, dotted line:
sterile marginal part), B: basidiospores, C: marginal hyphae, D: young bifurcate basidium.
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transversely septate, occasionally up to 6-longitudinally
septate.
Note dKobayasi (1939a) did not mention either the mar-
ginal hyphae, dikaryophyses, or wall-thickness of basidio-
spores, but the type specimen had cylindrical, either thin- or
slightly thick-walled marginal hyphae, simple, cylindrical
dikaryophyses, and thin-walled basidiospores (Fig. 6).
Dacrymyces subalpinus is considered a distinct species
(McNabb 1973; Shirouzu et al. 2009).
Dacryopinax imazekiana (Kobayasi) Lowy, Mycologia 51: 848,
1959 [1961]. Figs. 1F, 7.
≡Guepinia imazekiana Kobayasi, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B 4: 220, 1939.
TypedJAPAN, Miyagi Pref., Sendai, Mt. Yagiyama, on wood
of conifer, 16 Aug 1931, R. Imazeki (holotype TNS-F-200077).
Basidiocarp turbinate, centrally stipitate-pileate, bearing a
rugose to convolute discoid pileus, orange to pale orange, soft-
cartilaginous, 8 mm high, 2 mm diam at the base of the stipe,
5 mm diam at the pileus. Internal hyphae branched, septate, thin-
walled, hyaline, 2e5mm diam, without clamp connections. Mar-
ginal hyphae on sterile surfaces of basidiocarps cylindrical, sim-
ple or branched, straight or flexuous, septate, thin-walled, 3e5mm
diam. Hymenium limited to the surface of the pileus, composed
of basidia and simple cylindrical dikaryophyses. Probasidia cy-
lindrical to clavate, pale yellow, 30e40 4e5mm, without basal
clamp connections, becoming bifurcate. Basidiospores cylindri-
cal to reniform, straight or curved, with an apiculus at the base,
thin-walled, pale yellow, 12e16 4e6mm (14.5 4.5 mmon
average, n ¼10), l/w 2.4e4 (3.2 on average), 3-septate.
Fig. 6 eDacrymyces subalpinus (TNS-F-208740). A: Longitudinal section of a basidiocarp (dashed line: hymenium, dotted line:
sterile marginal part), B: basidiospores, C: marginal hyphae, D: probasidium, E: young bifurcate basidium.
Fig. 7 eDacryopinax imazekiana (¼Guepinia imazekiana; TNS-F-200077). A: Longitudinal section of a basidiocarp (dashed line:
hymenium, dotted line: sterile marginal part), B: basidiospores, C: marginal hyphae, D: probasidium, E: young bifurcate
basidium.
mycoscience xxx (2016) 1e87
Please cite this article in press as: Shirouzu T, Hosoya T, Type study of Japanese Dacrymycetes described by Yosio Kobayasi: Re-
descriptions of five species and a new name proposal, Mycoscience (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.11.003

Note dKobayasi (1939b) did not mention either the
dikaryophyses or wall-thickness of basidiospores, but the type
specimen had simple, cylindrical dikaryophyses and thin-
walled basidiospores.
McNabb (1965b) pointed out that Dacryopinax dennisii
McNabb resembles D. imazekiana. These two species share
many morphological features such as centrally stipitate
basidiocarps, long cylindrical marginal hyphae, and 3-septate
basidiospores (McNabb 1965b). Dacryopinax imazekiana is
considered a distinct species, and its taxonomic distinctness
from D. dennisii requires further verification.
Conclusions and future studies
Five species of Japanese Dacrymycetes, i.e., Dacrymyces
applanatus,D. pezizoides,D. puniceus,D. subalpinus, and
Dacryopinax imazekiana, were confirmed as distinct species,
and Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi was redescribed under a
new name, D. kobayasii. As a result, the mycoflora of Japanese
Dacrymycetes has been updated to nine genera with 44
species.
Although the type specimens of the six species were
found and examined, holotypes of the remaining ten species
were not found in the survey (Table 1). These undiscovered
types might either be among the unsorted specimens or
were really lost during World War II (Table 1;McNabb
1965a,b,c, 1973). Additionally, it is difficult to trace the de-
pository history of some of Kobayasi's type specimens,
because the specimen information written in the original
descriptions is often inadequate (e.g., the description of D.
kohyasanus does not include either the type specimen
number or the collector'sname;Kobayasi 1984). A lot of
Japanese dacrymycetous species described by Kobayasi have
not been collected since the original descriptions, and their
specimens and cultures are rarely deposited in formal
herbaria and culture collections. Authentic specimens
collected at the type localities are needed to confirm the
mycoflora of Japanese Dacrymycetes.
Disclosure
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Institute for Fermentation,
Osaka (IFO) Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists.
Appendix A. Supplementary data
Supplementary data related to this article can be found at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.11.003.
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