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Verlag Ferdinand Berger, Horn/Austria
Sydowia
An International Journal of Mycology
Volume 68 Issued September 30 2016
Hüseyin e. & selçuk F.
Pileolaria azerii (Uredinales), a new rust species
from Turkey .............................................................. 1
yanez-Montalvo a.F., sáncHez J.e., vazquez-DuHalt
R., cRuz-lopez l. & calixto-RoMo M.a.
Degradation of endosulfan by strains of Auricu-
laria fuscosuccinea .................................................. 7
Dai D.q., BaHkali a.H., aRiyawansa H.a., li w.J., BHat
D.J. & HyDe k.D.
Neokalmusia didymospora (Didymosphaeriaceae),
a new species from bamboo .................................... 17
awastHi n., singH R. & kuMaR s.
A new species of Pseudocercosporella on Androg-
raphis paniculata from Central India .................... 27
sousa M.a.c., zieD D.c., MaRques s.c., RinkeR D.l.,
alM g. & Dias e.s.
Yield and enzyme activity of different strains of
almond mushroom in two cultivation systems ..... 35
yu F., liang J.-F., ge z.-w. & li y.-k.
Morphological and molecular evidence for a new
species of Leucoagaricus from China .................... 41
yeH y.-H. & kiRscHneR R.
A new record of Dinemasporium spinicis, comb.
nov., (= Stauronema spinicis) from Taiwan ......... 49
Ma y. R., xia J. w., gao J. M., li z. & zHang x. g.
Dictyoceratosporella, gen. nov., with the descrip-
tion of two new species collected from Hainan,
China ........................................................................ 57
sá M.c.a. & waRtcHow F.
Russula omnileuca, a new species from Pernam-
buco, Brazil ............................................................. 63
Holec J., Krˇíž M., KolarˇíK M. & žáK M.
Mediterranean fungus Gymnopilus suberis dis-
covered in Central Europe – a conse quence of
global warming? ...................................................... 69
Friebes G., JaKlitscH W.M., García s. & VoGlMayr H.
Lopadostoma taeniosporum revisited and a new
species of Coniochaeta ............................................ 87
oliveiRa J.J.s. De & coRtez v.g.
Marasmius lubricus, a new species of Marasmius
sect. Globulares from Paraná, Brazil ..................... 99
sulzBacHeR M.a., sousa J.o., coRtez v.g., giacHini
a.J. & Baseia i.g.
Sclerogaster araripensis, a new hypogeous fungus
from the upland wet forest enclaves of northeast
Brazil ........................................................................ 107
Ma J.
Sporidesmiella guangdongensis and S. jiangxien-
sis spp. nov. on dead branches from southern
China ........................................................................ 113
MesHRaM v., kapooR n. & saxena s.
Endophytic Fusarium isolates from Aegle marme-
los in Western Ghats of India and their brino-
lytic ability ............................................................... 119
eBRaHiMi l. & FotouHiFaR kH.-B.
First report of Cyphellophora fusarioides (Chae-
tothyriales) on a plant host ..................................... 131
García-laViña c.X., bettucci l. & tiscornia s.
Fungal communities associated with Eugenia
uruguayensis (Myrtaceae) leaf litter in early
stages of decomposition in Uruguay ...................... 139
toRRes-Ruiz e., sáncHez J.e., guillén-navaRRo g.k.,
RaMos-péRez D.g. & Royse D.J.
Microbial promoters of mycelial growth, fruiting
and production of Pleurotus ostreatus .................. 151
ayouBi n. & soleiMani M.J.
Morphological and molecular identication
of pathogenic Fusarium spp. on strawberry in
Iran ........................................................................... 163
pFisteR D.H., loBuglio k.F. & kRistiansen R.
Species of Peziza s. str. on water-soaked wood
with special reference to a new species, P. nordica,
from central Norway ............................................... 173
Hosen M.i., li t.H., ge z.w. & vellinga e.c.
Lepiota bengalensis, a new species of Lepiota
section Lilaceae from Bangladesh ........................ 187
HeRnánDez-RestRepo M., scHuMacHeR R.k., wingFielD
M.J., aHMaD i., cai l., Duong t.a., eDwaRDs J.,
gené J., gRoenewalD J.z., JaBeen s., kHaliD a.n.,
loMbard l., Madrid H., Marín-FeliX y., Marin-
cowitz s., MilleR a.n., RaJesHkuMaR k.c., RasHiD
a., saRwaR s., stcHigel a.M., tayloR p. w.J., zHou
n. & cRous p.w.
Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2 ........ 193
Book review ................................................................... 231
Taxonomic novelties in Sydowia 68 2016 .................... II
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Sydowia 68 (2016) 193
Author’s personal copy
DOI 10.12905/0380.sydowia68-2016-0193
Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo1,2*, René K. Schumacher3, Michael J. Wingeld2, Ishtiaq Ahmad4, Lei Cai5,
Tuan A. Duong6, Jacqueline Edwards7, Josepa Gené8, Johannes Z. Groenewald1, Sana Jabeen9, Abdul Nasir
Khalid9, Lorenzo Lombard1, Hugo Madrid10, Yasmina Marin-Felix1,2, Seonju Marincowitz2 , Andrew N.
Miller11, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar12, Abdul Rashid4, Samina Sarwar13, Alberto M. Stchigel8,
Paul W.J. Taylor14, Nan Zhou5 & Pedro W. Crous1,2,15 *
1 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
3 Hölderlinstraße 25, 15517 Fürstenwalde/Spree, Germany
4 Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
5 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
6 Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20,
Pretoria 0028, South Africa
7 AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road,
LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
8 Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
9 Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, 54590-Lahore, Pakistan
10 Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Science Faculty, Mayor University, Camino La Piramide 5750,
Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
11 Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., 61820 Champaign, Illinois, USA
12 National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity & Palaeobiology Group, MACS’ Agharkar Research
Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
13 Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
14 Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
15 Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
* e-mails: m.hernandez@cbs.knaw.nl; p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Hernández-Restrepo M., Schumacher R.K., Wingeld M.J., Ahmad I., Cai L., Duong T.A., Edwards J., Gené J., Groenewald J.Z.,
Jabeen S., Khalid A.N., Lombard L., Madrid H., Marin-Felix Y., Marincowitz S., Miller A.N., Rajeshkumar K.-C., Rashid A., Sar-
war S., Stchigel A.M., Taylor P. W.J., Zhou N. & Crous P.W. (2016) Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2. – Sydowia 68:
193–230.
The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, ve new combinations and 12 interesting host and/or geo-
graphical records. A majority of the fungi are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a Basidiomycete, Xerocomellus fulvus
described from Pakistan. Under single name nomenclature Zeuctomorpha arecae is reduced to synonymy under Acroconidiellina
arecae (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes). Based on morphology and phylogenetic afnities, Wojnowicia dac-
tylidis, W. lonicerae and W. spartii are moved to the genus Wojnowiciella (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)
and Zalerion arboricola is now accommodated in Lophium (Mytilinidiaceae, Mytilinidiales, Dothideomycetes). Novel genera
include: Alfariacladiella gen. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) with A. spartii sp. nov. as type species, and
Calvolachnella gen. nov. (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) to accommodate Calvolachnella guaviyuensis comb. nov., previ-
ously included in Pseudolachnella. Novel species include: Castanediella hyalopenicillata from leaf litter (USA), C. malaysiana on
Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia) (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes), Morchella pakistanica (Morchellaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes)
on loamy soil (Pakistan), Muriphaeosphaeria viburni (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on twigs of Viburnum
lantana (Serbia), Phyllosticta aucubae-japonicae (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) on fruit of Aucuba ja-
ponica (Japan), Wojnowiciella leptocarpi (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on stems of Leptocarpus sp. (Aus-
tralia), and Xylomelasma shoalensis (Sordariomycetes) on a dead branch (USA). New species from Germany include: Neose-
tophoma lunariae and Phaeosphaeria lunariae (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on seeds of Lunaria annua,
Patellaria quercus (Patellariaceae, Patellariales, Dothideomycetes) on twigs of Quercus sp., Rhinocladiella coryli on stems of
Corylus avellana and Rhinocladiella quercus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes) on twigs of Quercus robur.
Ramularia eucalypti (Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) is reported on leaves of Citrus maxima from Italy,
Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Acacia sp. from Malaysia and Myrmecridium spar-
tii (Myrmecridiaceae, Myrmecridiales, Sodariomycetes) on Sarothamnus scoparius from Serbia. New reports from Australia in-
clude: Dothiora ceratoniae (Dothideaceae, Dothideales, Dothideomycetes) on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Readeriella dimorphos-
pora (Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) on Eucalyptus sp., Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali (Sordariomycetes)
on leaves of Grevillea sp. and Acacia glaucoptera, and Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae (Montagnulaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideo-
194 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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mycetes), on leaves of Acacia leprosa var. graveolens. New reports from La Reunion (France) include: Botryosphaeria agaves
(Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) on branches of Agave sp., Chrysofolia colombiana (Cryphonectri-
aceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Syzygium jambos, Colletotrichum karstii (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales,
Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Acacia heterophylla, Epicoccum sorghinum (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on
leaves of Paspalum sp. and Helminthosporium velutinum (Massarinaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on branches of Stoe-
bia sp. Finally, an epitype is designated for Tracylla aristata (Sordariomycetes) on Eucalyptus regnans (Australia).
Keywords: biodiversity, ITS barcodes, multi-gene phylogeny, systematics, typication.
The present paper is the second contribution in
the Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) se-
ries. The series focuses on the epitypication of for-
merly described species, reports of new sexual-
asexual connections, merging of sexual and asexual
genera following the abandonment of the dual no-
menclature for fungi (Hawksworth et al. 2011,
Wingeld et al. 2012, Crous et al. 2015b), and the
description of species or notes relating to interest-
ing observations regarding fungi. Authors wishing
to contribute to future issues in this series can e-
mail submissions to Pedro Crous (p.crous@cbs.
knaw.nl), Olinto Pereira (oliparini@gmail.com), Cai
Lei (cail@im.ac.cn) or Chiharu Nakashima (chiha-
ru@bio.mie-u.ac.jp). In parallel with the publica-
tion schedule for Fungal Planet, which appears in
Persoonia (Crous et al. 2015e), and Genera of Fungi
published in IMA Fungus (Crous et al. 2015a), FUSE
is published in Sydowia.
Materials and methods
Isolates
Descriptions are based on cultures maintained
at the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre in
Utrecht, The Netherlands (CBS), the working col-
lection of P. W. Crous (CPC), housed at CBS, and on
strains originating from other laboratories as indi-
cated in the text. For fresh collections, leaves and
twigs were placed in damp chambers, and incubat-
ed at room temperature for 1–2 d. Single conidial
colonies were established from sporulating conidi-
omata and ascomata in Petri dishes containing 2 %
malt extract agar (MEA) as described previously
(Crous et al. 1991). Colonies were sub-cultured onto
MEA, 2 % potato-dextrose agar (PDA), oatmeal
agar (OA), MEA (Crous et al. 2009a), autoclaved
pine needles on 2 % tap water agar (PNA) (Smith et
al. 1996), and incubated at 25 °C under continuous
near-ultraviolet light to promote sporulation. Ref-
erence strains and specimens are maintained at the
CBS, except as indicated otherwise.
DNA isolation, amplication and analyses
Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal colo-
nies growing on MEA using the Wizard® Genomic
DNA purication kit (Promega, Madison, USA) fol-
lowing the manufacturer’s protocols or directly from
ascomata growing on natural substrate using the
Omega Bio-Tek E.Z.N.A.® Forensic DNA (Omega
Bio-tek, Georgia USA). The primers V9G (de Hoog &
Gerrits van den Ende 1998) and LR5 (Vilgalys &
Hester 1990) were used to amplify part (ITS) of the
nuclear rDNA operon spanning the 3’ end of the 18S
nrRNA gene, the rst internal transcribed spacer
(ITS1), the 5.8S nrRNA gene, the second ITS region
(ITS2) and approximately 900 bp of the 5’ end of the
28S nrRNA gene. The primers ITS4 (White et al.
1990) and LROR (Rehner & Samuels 1994) were used
as internal primers to ensure good quality sequences
over the entire length of the amplicon. Part of the
translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1), corre-
sponding to the section 983–1567 bp (with the prim-
ers EF1-983F and EF1-1567R), was amplied and
sequenced as described in Rehner & Buckley (2005).
Part of the beta-tubulin gene region (tub2) was am-
plied and sequenced using primers T1 (O’Donnell &
Cigelnik 1997) and Bt-2b (Glass & Donaldson 1995),
and primers RPB–5F2 (Sung et al. 2007) and fRPB2-
7cR (Liu et al. 1999) were used for the RNA polymer-
ase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2). Amplica-
tion conditions for ITS and LSU followed those de-
scribed by Cheewangkoon et al. (2008), and rpb2
(Woudenberg et al. 2013). The program SeqMan Pro
v. 10.0.1 (DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA) was used to
obtain consensus sequences for each isolate. Blast
searches using ITS and LSU sequences were per-
formed for each isolate and the closest matches were
retrieved and included in the phylogenetic analyses.
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Dothideomycetes resulting from RAxML analysis of the LSU sequences
alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian posterior prob-
abilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families, orders and classes are indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was
rooted to Cheirospora botryospora CPC 24603.
Sydowia 68 (2016) 195
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196 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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The sequence alignment and subsequent phyloge-
netic analyses of the LSU data (Figs. 1–3) were car-
ried out using methods described by Crous et al.
(2006). Sequence data were deposited in GenBank
(Tab. 1) and the alignments and trees in TreeBASE
(http://www.treebase.org). Remaining sequence
data are discussed under the species notes below.
Morphology
Slide preparations were mounted in clear lactic
acid either directly from specimens or from colonies
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes resulting from RAxML analysis of the
LSU sequences alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian
posterior probabilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families, orders and classes are indicated to the right of the tree.
The tree was rooted to Cheirospora botryospora CPC 24603.
sporulating on MEA, PDA, PNA, or OA. Sections of
conidiomata were made by hand. Observations were
made with a Nikon SMZ25 stereo-microscope, and
with a Zeiss Axio Imager 2 light microscope using
differential interference contrast (DIC) illumina-
tion and a Nikon DS-Ri2 camera and software. Ad-
ditional photomicrographs were made using a
Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope (Nikon, Tokyo), a
Nikon SMZ1500 stereo-microscope, Nikon DS-U3
digital camera and NIS Elements imaging software.
Colony characters and pigment production were
noted after 2–4 wk of growth on MEA and OA
Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Sordariomycetes resulting from RAxML analysis of the LSU sequences
alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian posterior prob-
abilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families, orders and classes are indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was
rooted to Cheirospora botryospora CPC 24603.
Sydowia 68 (2016) 197
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198 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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Tab. 1. Details of sequences and strains included in the molecular and morphological analysis for the new species and interesting reports.
Species Strain accession
number1Country Locality Substrate Collector(s)
GenBank accession
numbers2
ITS LSU
Acroconidiellina arecae NFCCI 3696 India Kerala State, Palakad
District, Kayiliad
on fallen leaves of
Areca catechu
K.C. Rajeshku-
mar
KX306747 KX306776
Alfariacladiella spartii CBS 141403 =
CPC 24966, ex-type
Spain Jaén, Los Villares Spartium junceum S. Tello KX306748 KX306777
Beltrania rhombica CPC 27482 =
CBS 141507
Malaysia Sabah on leaves of Acacia sp.M.J. Wingeld KX306749 KX306778
Botryosphaeria agaves CPC 26299 =
CBS 141505
France La Réunion on branches of Agave
sp.
P.W. Crous KX306750 KX306779
Calvolachnella guaviyuensis CBS 134695 =
CMW 39055 ex-type
Uruguay Quebrada de los Cuervos Myrcianthes pungens M.J. Wingeld &
C. Perez
KJ834524 KJ843525
Castanediella
hyalopenicillata
CPC 25873 =
CBS 141510, ex-type
USA Puerto Rico on leaf litter unknown KX306751 KX306780
Castanediella malysiana CPC 24918 =
CBS 141509, ex-type
Malaysia Sabah on Eucalyptus
brassiana
M.J. Wingeld KX306752 KX306781
Chrysofolia colombiana CPC 26355 =
CBS 141506
France La Réunion on leaves of Syzygium
jambos
P.W. Crous KX306753 KX306782
Colletotrichum karstii CPC 26233 =
CBS 141503
France La Réunion on leaves of Acacia
heterophylla
P.W. Crous KX306754 KX306783
Dothiora ceratoniae CPC 25484 =
CBS 141501
Australia Melbourne on leaves of Eucalyp-
tus sp.
P.W. Crous KX306755 KX306784
Epicoccum sorghinum CPC 26197 =
CBS 141502
France La Réunion on leaves of Paspalum
sp.
P.W. Crous KX306756 –
Helminthosporium
velutinum
CPC 26297 =
CBS 141504
France La Réunion on branches of
Stoebia sp.
P.W. Crous KX306757 KX306785
Lophium arboricola CBS 758.71 ex-type UK Forest of Dean on cankers of Larix
decidua
S.T. Buczacki AF169307 KU705843
Lophium arboricola CBS 102826 Spain Arbolí on dung J. Gené KU705825 KU705842
Morchella pakistanica SJ121 (Holotype
LAH35075)
Pakistan Khanspur Loamy soil S. Jabeen &
A. N. Khalid
KX306759 –
Morchella pakistanica SJ121b Pakistan Khanspur Loamy soil S. Jabeen &
A. N. Khalid
KX306760 –
Muriphaeosphaeria viburni CBS 141412 =
CPC 26610, ex-type
Serbia Fruska Gora (Iriski Venac) on twig of Viburnum
lantana
D. Savic KX306761 KX306787
Myrmecridium spartii CBS 141406 =
CPC 26548
Serbia Fruska Gora (Iriski Venac) on Cytisus scoparius D. Savic KX306762 KX306788
Neosetophoma lunariae CBS 141409 =
CPC 26671, ex-type
Germany on seeds of Lunaria
annua
R.K. Schumach-
er
KX306763 KX306789
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Patellaria quercus CPC 27232 =
CBS 141410, ex-type
Germany on twigs of Quercus
sp.
R.K. Schumach-
er
KX306764 KX306790
Phaeosphaeria lunariae CBS 141415 =
CPC 26679, ex-type
Germany on seeds of Lunaria
annua
R.K. Schumach-
er
KX306765 KX306791
Phyllosticta
aucubae-japonicae
MAFF 236703 =
LC 4755, ex-type
Japan Kagoshima on fruit of Aucuba
japonica
T. Kobayashi KR233300 –
Phyllosticta aucubae-japon-
icae
MAFF 410353 =
LC 4754
Japan Kagoshima on fruit of Aucuba
japonica
T. Kobayashi KR233301 –
Ramularia eucalypti CPC 26186 =
CBS 141518
Italy Sicily on leaves of Citrus
maxima
V. Guarnaccia KX306766 –
Readeriella dimorphospora CPC 25379 =
CBS 141497
Australia Melbourne Eucalyptus sp. P.W. Crous KX306767 KX306792
Rhinocladiella coryli CPC 26654 =
CBS 141407, ex-type
Germany on stems of Corylus
avelana
R.K. Schumach-
er
KX306768 KX306793
Rhinocladiella quercus CPC 26621 =
CBS 141448, ex-type
Germany on twigs of Quercus
robur
R.K. Schumach-
er
KX306769 KX306794
Tracylla aristata CPC 25500 =
CBS 141401,
ex-epitype
Australia Victoria, Toolangi State
Forest
Eucalyptus sp. P.W. Crous, J.
Edwards & P.W.J.
Taylor
KX306770 KX306795
Vermiculariopsiella
dichapetali
CPC 25482 =
CBS 141498
Australia Melbourne on leaves of Grevillea
sp.
P.W. Crous KX306771 KX306796
Vermiculariopsiella
dichapetali
CPC 29196 =
CBS 141499
Australia Western Australia, Perth,
Bedfordale
on leaves of Grevillea
sp.
P.W. Crous KX306772 KX306797
Vermiculariopsiella
dichapetali
CPC 29232 =
CBS 141500
Australia Western Australia on leaves of Acacia
glaucoptera
P.W. Crous KX306773 KX306798
Verrucoconiothyrium
nitidae
CPC 25373 =
CBS 141517
Australia Melbourne on leaves of Acacia
leprosa va r. graveo-
lens
P.W. Crous KX306774 KX306799
Wojnowiciella leptocarpi CBS 115684, ex-type Australia stem of Leptocarpus
sp.
F.G. Haddad KX306775 KX306800
Xerocomellus fulvus LAH926714, ex-type Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Swat, Ushu Kalam
on soil under Cedrus
deodara
I. Ahmad KU163374
Xylomelasma shoalensis ILLS 76895, ex-type USA Illinois, Montgomery
County, Shoal Creek
Nature Conservation Area
branch on ground (6
cm. diam.)
A.N. Miller – KX290919
1
CBS: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; CPC: Culture collection of Pedro Crous, housed at CBS; CMW: Culture collection of the
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) of the University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa; ILLS: Herbarium of the Illinois Natural History Sur-
vey, Champaign, Illinois, USA; LAH: Herbarium of the Botany Department, at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, For-
estry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; NFCCI: National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Pune, India.
2 ITS: internal transcribed spacer regions 1 & 2 including 5.8S nrRNA gene; LSU: 28S large subunit of the nrRNA gene.
200 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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(Crous et al. 2009b) incubated at 25 ºC. Colony col-
ours (surface and reverse) were rated according to
the colour charts of Rayner (1970). Taxonomic nov-
elties were deposited in MycoBank (www.Myco-
Bank. org; Crous et al. 2004).
Taxonomy
Acroconidiellina arecae
(Berk. & Broome) M.B. El-
lis, Mycol. Pap. 125: 26. 1971. – Fig. 4
Basionym. – Helminthosporium arecae Berk. & Broome
[as ‘Helmisporium’] J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14 (no. 74): 99. 1873
[1875].
≡ Brachysporium arecae (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll.
Fung. (Abellini) 4: 429. 1886.
≡ Exosporium arecae (Berk. & Broome) Petch, Ann. R.
Bot. Gdns Peradeniya 10: 174. 1927.
= Zeuctomorpha arecae Sivan., P.M. Kirk & Govindu, The
Bitunicate Ascomycetes and their anamorphs: 572. 1984.
≡ Acantharia arecae (Sivan., P.M. Kirk & Govindu) Y.
Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 51: 258.
2011.
Description. – Colonies hypophyllous,
punctiform or forming dark blackish brown patch-
es. The bunch of conidiophores is anchored to the
leaves by dark brown hyphae that form a semi-im-
mersed stroma. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s erect, mostly
straight or slightly exuous, unbranched or with a
short branch, mid to dark brown, rugulose or ver-
ruculose, thick walled, septate, 115–450 µm, 5–7 µm
thick at base slightly broadening towards tip,
9–13.5 µm at apex. – C o n i d i a solitary, straight,
obturbinate or obclavate, 0–5-septate, central cells
darker and verruculose, mid to dark brown, cells at
each end are pales and smoother, young conidia
aseptate, 27–33.5 × 17–19 µm, mature conidia
Fig. 4. Acroconidiellina arecae (AMH 9676). A, B. Habitat. C–F. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bars
C–G 10 µm
1–5-septate, 43–63.5 × 18–21 µm. – A s c om at a 175–
300 μm diam., gregarious, supercial, globose to
slightly attened, collapsed at the apex when dry,
ostiolate, covered with numerous long setae. – Pe -
r i di um up to 25 μm wide, composed of heavily pig-
mented pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura an-
gularis, to 7 μm diam. – Hamathecium of rare,
2–5 μm broad, septate, branched, anastomosing
pseudoparaphyses. – A s ci 8-spored, bitunicate, s-
situnicate, broadly clavate to obclavate, 83–185 ×
29–40(50) μm, with a short thick pedicel, up to
40 μm long, apically rounded, with a small ocular
chamber. – A s c o s p o r e s 2–4 seriate, ellipsoidal,
35–43 × 12.5–18 μm, dark brown, 1-septate, deeply
constricted at the septum, usually slightly asym-
metric, smooth-walled (description of the sexual
morph adapted from Zhang et al. 2012).
Culture characteristics. – Colonies at 25±2
˚C after 15 d on PDA and MEA, slow growing, 20–25
mm diam., dark olivaceous brown to coffee brown,
velutinous to mid occose, centre raised, margin
low, regular, reverse coffee brown to brownish black.
Exudates and soluble-pigments absent.
M a t er ia l ex a m in ed . – INDIA, Kerala State, Palakad
District, Kayiliad, on fallen leaves of Areca catechu (Arecace-
ae), 23 Dec 2014, leg. K. C. Rajeshkumar, specimen AMH 9676,
culture NFCCI 3696.
Notes. – Acroconidiellina was established
based on the type species A. loudetiae (Ellis 1971)
on Loudetia arundinaceae from Tanzania. The ge-
nus initially accommodated four species, A. loude-
tiae, A. chloridis, A. urtiagae and A. arecae. Sivane-
san (1984) introduced Zeuctomorpha arecae as the
sexual morph of A. arecae based on a specimen col-
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Fig. 5. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Venturiales resulting from RAxML analysis of the LSU sequences alignment.
Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian posterior probabilities >
0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families are indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was rooted to Acrospermum compre-
sum and A. adeanum.
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lected in India growing on leaf of Arecae catechu
(holotype IMI 246067). Eriksson & Hawksworth
(1998) classied Zeuctomorpha in Pleosporaceae, a
treatment that was followed by Kirk et al. (2001),
Kodsueb et al. (2006) and Lumbsch & Huhndorf
(2010). However, Zhang et al. (2011) treated Zeucto-
morpha arecae as a synonym of Acantharia arecae
and Zeuctomorpha as a synonym of Acantharia. A
year later, Zhang et al. (2012) resurrected the genus
Zeuctomorpha, listing Acroconidiellina as asexual
morph, speculating on its relationship to Venturi-
aceae. Ariyawansa et al. (2015) generated a “back-
bone” tree for families of Pleosporaceae, accepting
18 genera, but excluding seven genera, including
Zeuctomorpha (incertae sedis). The present collec-
tion and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ITS
and LSU sequences from the single conidial isolate
of Acroconidiellina arecae (NFCCI 3696) is allied to
the Scolecobasidium–Ochroconis complex, belong-
ing to Sympoventuriaceae (Venturiales, Dothideo-
mycetes) (Fig. 5).
Authors: K. C. Rajeshkumar & P. W. Crous
Alfariacladiella
Crous & R.K. Schumach., gen. nov.
MycoBank MB817207
Description. – Conidiomata sporodochial,
cupulate, solitary, dark brown, immersed to
erumpent, globose, oozing peach coloured slimy co-
nidial masses, surrounded by hyaline, smooth, sub-
cylindrical and septate marginal hyphae; conidio-
matal wall of 6–12 layers of textura angularis. –
C o n i d i o p h o re s lining the inner cavity, hyaline,
smooth, septate, monoverticillate or not, subcylin-
drical. – Conidiogenous cells terminal or
integrated on conidiophores, lateral, phialidic with
minute collarette and periclinal thickening, at times
with mucoid sheath, hyaline, smooth, subcylindri-
cal. – Con i di a accumulating in slime, single, hya-
line, smooth, guttulate, fusiform, straight to irregu-
lar, widest in middle, tapering to a truncate base
and subobtusely rounded apex, encased in mucoid
cap.
Etymology. – The name reects its morpho-
logical similarity to the genus Alfaria.
Type species. Alfariacladiella spartii.
Alfariacladiella spartii
Crous & R.K. Schumach.,
sp. nov. – Fig. 6
MycoBank MB817208
Description. – Conidiomata (on MEA)
sporodochial, cupulate, solitary, dark brown, im-
mersed to erumpent, globose, up to 300 µm diam.,
oozing peach coloured slimy conidial masses, sur-
rounded by hyaline, septate, smooth, subcylindrical,
20–50 × 2.5–3.5 µm, marginal hyphae; conidiomatal
wall of 6–12 layers of textura angularis. – Conidi-
Fig. 6. Alfariacladiella spartii (CBS 141403). A. Colony on OA. B–E. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. F, G . Conidia. Scale
bars B–G 10 µm.
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Fig. 7. Phylogenetic tree resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequences alignment of Alfaria and Alfariacladiella.
Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher
than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. The tree was rooted to Didymostilbe matsushimae and Melanopsamma pomiformis.
o p h o r e s lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
0–3-septate, monoverticillate or not, subcylindrical,
10–30 × 3–5 µm. – Conidiogenous cells ter-
minal or integrated on conidiophores, lateral, phia-
lidic with periclinal thickening, at times with mu-
coid sheath (1–2 µm thick), hyaline, smooth, subcy-
lindrical, 10–20 × 2.5–3.5 µm. – C o n i d i a solitary,
hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusiform, straight to ir-
regular, widest in middle, tapering to a truncate
base and subobtusely rounded apex, encased in mu-
coid cap, 1–1.5 µm diam., (12)14–17(20) × (3)3.5–
4(4.5) µm.
E t y m o l o g y. – The name refers to Spartium,
the host genus from which this fungus was collected.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies at,
spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium, and smooth,
even margins, reaching to 35 mm diam. after 2 wk at
25 ºC. On MEA, PDA and OA surface saffron to peach
with patches of salmon, reverse similar in colour.
M a t er ia l ex a m in ed . – SPAIN, Jaén, Los Villares,
3°48’14.02”O, 37°39’31.29”N, alt. 970 m.a.s.l., on stems of
Spartium junceum (Leguminosae), 24 Jun 2014, leg. S. Tello
(holotype CBS H-22655, culture ex-type CPC 24966 = CBS
141403).
Notes. – Alfariacladiella is allied to Alfaria
(Fig. 3), a sexual genus associated with leaf apical
necrosis of Cyperus esculentus (Crous et al. 2014).
In a recent study, Lombard et al. (2016) introduced
several asexual members of Alfaria, characterised
by having myrothecium-like sporodochial conidio-
mata, two kinds of setae, branched to unbranched
conidiophores, phialidic conidiogenous cells, and
hyaline, ellipsoidal, straight to curved conidia. Al-
though the LSU sequence places Alfariacladiella
spartii as sister to Alfaria (Fig. 7), these fungi are
clearly not congeneric. Alfariacladiella lacks brown
setae surrounding its conidiomata, and its fusiform
conidia have apical mucoid caps. Alfariacladiella is
thus introduced as additional genus in Stachybotri-
aceae to accommodate A. spartii.
Authors: P. W. Crous, L. Lombard, M. Hernández-
Restrepo & R. K. Schumacher
Calvolachnella
Marinc., T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.,
gen. nov.
MycoBank MB815619
Description. – Conidiomata acervu-
lar, scattered, cupulate with the base broadly at-
tached to the substrate; setae absent. – C on id io -
p h or es arising in the concavity of the conidiomata,
pale brown, septate and branched at the base. – Co -
n i d io ge no us c el ls phialidic, cylindrical, subhy-
aline to pale brown. – C on id ia fusiform, hyaline to
pale brown, straight to slightly curved, bearing set-
ulae at both ends.
E t y m o l o g y. – The name refers to the hair
(setae)-less conidiomata.
Type species. – Calvolachnella guaviyuen-
sis.
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Calvolachnella guaviyuensis
(Marinc. T.A. Duong,
M.J. Wingf. & C.A. Perez) Marinc., T.A. Duong & M.J.
Wingf. comb. nov. – Fig. 8.
MycoBank MB815620
Basionym. – Pseudolachnella guaviyuensis Marinc., T.A.
Duong, M.J. Wingf. & C.A. Perez, Persoonia 32: 295. 2014.
Description. – Conidiomata acervu-
lar, corticolous, scattered, supercial, elongate to
oval in outline, cupulate with the edge slightly
curved inward in section view and the base broadly
attached to the substrate (subepidermal), up to
700 µm long, up to 420 µm wide, up to 200 µm deep,
lled with olivaceous black agglutinated conidial
mass; basal stroma well-developed, sub-epidermal,
of textura angularis or epidermoidea, cells thick-
walled, subhyaline when intercellular to pale
brown, cells bordering the lateral wall becoming
darker and thicker; lateral walls consisting of cells
of textura porrecta in a few strata, cells thin-walled,
pale brown to brown, marginal cells of each strata
becoming darker. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s arising in
the concavity of the conidiomata, septate and
branched at the base, pale brown, smooth. – C o n -
i d i o g e n o u s c e l l s phialidic, cylindrical, sub-
hyaline to pale brown, collarettes minutes with
minimal periclinal thickening, 15–26 × 2–3 µm. –
C o n i d i a hyaline when young and becoming pale
brown with age, fusiform, straight or slightly
curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with
an obtuse and truncate base, smooth or verruculose
with age, bearing single setulae at both ends, 26–
43.5 × 2–3.5 µm, aseptate when young developing 3
septa with age, middle cells usually shorter than
end cells, germinating from any of 4 cells; apical
setulae 5–14 µm long, centric; basal setulae 4.5–
13.5 µm long, excentric, both appendages 0.5–1 µm
wide at the base and tapering towards the apex.
Culture characteristics. – On MEA
with optimum growth at 25 °C in the dark, reaching
22 mm in 22 days, 18 mm at 30 °C, 16.5 mm at 20 °C
and 12.5 mm at 15 °C. No growth occurred at 35 °C,
sterile, above grey, reverse black, growing circular,
radially striated with lobate edge, mycelia at, vel-
vety, medium dense, exuding dark brown pigmenta-
tion at the edge of colony in 2 mm width.
Material examined. – UrUgUay, Quebrada de los Cu-
ervos, on Myrcianthes pungens (Myrtaceae), Oct 2012, leg. M.J.
Wingeld & C. Perez, holotype PREM 60964, culture ex-holo-
type CBS 134695 = CMW 39055, ex-isotypes CMW 39018–
39020.
Notes. – Pseudolachnella guaviyuensis was in-
troduced for a cupulate asexual fungus found on
the bark of Myrcianthes pungens in Uruguay. Its
taxonomic placement was based on conidial mor-
phology and DNA sequence data available at that
time, but an important characteristic of the genus,
namely the presence of conidiomatal setae was not
observed (Crous et al. 2014). Recently Hashimoto et
al. (2015) published a taxonomic revision of Pseu-
dolachnea and Pseudolachnella. This has made it
necessary to re-consider the placement of P. guaviy-
uensis using freshly DNA sequence data of addi-
tional species of Pseudolachnella and closely relat-
ed genera.
Phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 9) using combined
ITS and LSU sequence data indicated that P. guavi-
yuensis forms an independent lineage and is not a
member of established chaetosphaerialean genera
such as Pseudolachnella, Pseudolachnea and Dine-
masporium species, which were thought to be close-
ly related to the fungus based on conidial morphol-
ogy. Calvolachnella can be distinguished from other
closely-related genera by the absence of setae in
conidiomata, pale brown to brown conidiogenous
cells and hyaline to pale brown conidia.
Authors: S. Marincowitz, T. A. Duong & M. J.
Wingeld
Castanediella hyalopenicillata
Hern.-Restr. &
Crous, sp. nov. – Fig. 10
MycoBank MB817209
Description (on SNA). – Mycelium hya-
line, septate, smooth, 2–3 µm wide, sometimes mon-
iliform, 3–4 µm wide. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s erect to
prostrate, cylindrical, branched, penicillate, mono-,
bi-, and terverticillate, hyaline, 24–69 × 1.5–3 µm. –
C o n i d i o g e n o u s c el ls mono- and polyblastic,
terminal, short cylindrical, ampulliform, hyaline,
smooth, 6.5–14 × 2–4 µm, denticulate, denticles re-
fractive at the top, 0.5–1 µm wide, 0.5–1.5 µm long.
– C o n i d i a fusiform, 0–1-septate, base pointed,
apex obtuse, hyaline, smooth, 14–24 × 2–3 µm. –
Sexual morph unknown.
Et y molog y. – The name is derived from
the hyaline and penicillate conidiophores.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching 23–25 mm diam. after 1 wk at 25 °C. On
MEA centre fasciculate, saffron, and glabrous to the
margin, submerged mycelium vinaceous, margin ef-
Fig. 8. Calvolachnella guaviyuensis (CBS 134695). A, B. Cupulate conidiomata. C. Vertical section of conidioma. D. Close-up of
basal stroma. E. Lateral wall. F. Conidiogenous cells. G–J. Conidium with cellular appendage at both ends. Scale bars: A, B
250 µm, C 100 µm, D, E 25 µm, F–J 10 µm.
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fuse; reverse brick, margin rosy buff. On PDA fas-
ciculate, dark sienna, fascicule cinnamon, margin
white, effuse; reverse umber. On OA glabrous with
few fascicles in the centre, sienna to pale sienna in
the centre, margin white, effuse; reverse saffron.
M a t er ia l ex a m in ed . – USA, Puerto Rico, from leaf
litter, 2014, unknown collector (holotype CBS H-22658, cul-
ture ex-type CBS 141510 = CPC 25873).
Notes. – Castanediella was recently introduced
for idriella-like fungi, distinguished by having
branched conidiophores with straight to slightly
curved conidia. This genus is placed in the Castan-
ediellaceae family (Hernández-Restrepo et al. in
prep.) and includes ve species (Crous et al. 2015d,
Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). Based on ITS se-
quence data, C. hyalopenicillata is 98 % similar to
C. cagnizarii (CBS 101043 and CBS 542.96). The
two species are similar in having branched conidi-
ophores and cylindrical conidia. However, C. cag-
nizarii can be distinguished from the new species in
having pale brown and irregularly branched con-
idiophores; and larger and narrow conidia (22–31 ×
1.5–2.5 µm, in C. cagnizarii on OA) and usually
curved at both ends. Furthermore, the conidioge-
nous cells are minutely denticulate in C. cagnizarii.
Authors: M. Hernández-Restrepo & P. W. Crous
Castanediella malaysiana
Hern.-Restr., M. J. Wingf.
& Crous, sp. nov. – Fig. 11
MycoBank MB817210
D e s c r i p t i o n . – M y ce li um hyaline to pale
brown, septate, smooth, 1–2.5 µm wide. – C o n i d i -
o p h o r e s erect, cylindrical, branched, biverticil-
late, pale brown, 76–157 × 2.5–3 µm. – C o n i d i o g -
e n o u s c e l l s polyblastic, terminal, cylindrical,
Fig. 10. Castanediella hyalopenicillata (CPC 25873, A–D on MEA; E–I on SNA). A. Colony overview on MEA. B, C. Conidiogenous
cells. D, I. Conidia. E–H. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree derived from combined dataset of ITS and LSU sequences of Chaetosphaeriales.
Bootstrap supports (1000 replicates) greater than 70 are indicated at nodes. Genbank numbers presented next to taxa name as:
ITS - LSU; # represent missing sequence data. The tree was rooted to Melanochaeta aotearoae and M. hemipsila.
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subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 19–28 × 2.5–3.5 µm,
denticulate, inconspicuous denticles. – C o n i d i a
fusiform, curved, hyaline, smooth, 0–1-sepatate,
apex acuminate, and base acuminate or slightly
attened, 18–30 × 2–3 µm. – S e x u a l m o r p h un-
known.
E t y m o l o g y. – T he n a m e reects the name
of the country, Malaysia, from which the species
was collected the rst time.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching 30–39 mm diam. after 1 wk at 25 °C. On
MEA cottony, white, margin effuse; reverse umber at
the centre, with some concentric saffron rings. On
PDA dense cottony, aerial mycelium white, sub-
merged mycelium olivaceous black, margin effuse;
reverse olivaceous black. On OA glabrous to velvety,
centre olivaceous black, aerial mycelium white, mar-
gin effuse, entire and white; reverse olivaceous black.
Material examined. – MALAYSIA, Sabah, on
leaves of Eucalyptus brassiana (Myrtaceae), May 2014, leg. M.
J. Wingeld (holotype CBS H-22659, culture ex-type CBS
141509 = CPC 24918).
Notes. – Castanediella malaysiana is phyloge-
netically closely related to C. ramosa and C. coura-
tarii. Castanediella malaysiana differs from both
species by conidial morphology. Castanediella ra-
mosa has larger conidia (26–44 × 2–3 µm) that are
0–3-septate, and C. couratarii has shorter conidia
(9.5–19 × 2–3 µm) without septa.
Authors: M. Hernández-Restrepo, M. J. Wingeld
& P. W. Crous
Lophium arboricola
(Buczacki) Madrid & Gené,
comb. nov. – Fig. 12
MycoBank MB813862
Basionym. – Zalerion arboricola Buczacki, Trans. Br.
Mycol. Soc. 59: 159. 1972.
Fig. 11. Castanediella malaysiana (CPC 24918). A–C. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
Fig. 12. Lophium arboricola (CBS 102826). A. Conidiophore and detached conidium. B–D. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
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Description. – Vegetative hyphae
septate, branched, light olive to brown, smooth-
walled to verrucose, thin- to thick-walled, 2–5 µm
wide. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s micronematous, sep-
tate, light olivaceous grey to olive-brown, smooth to
verrucose, length indeterminate, 2–5 µm wide. –
Conidiogenous cells mostly intercalary, but
also terminal, subcylindrical to clavate, light olive
to brown, smooth to verrucose, 2–27 × 2–5 µm. –
C o n i d i a l f i l a m e n t simple or branched at the
base, curved, sinuous or irregularly coiled, smooth
when young, verrucose in age, light olive to dark
brown, composed of acropetal chains of globose,
doliiform or ellipsoidal cells 3.5–9 × 3.5–7 µm,
slightly to strongly constricted at the septa.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies on
OA attaining 45–49 mm diam. in 28 d at 25 ºC, um-
bonate, occose at the centre, powdery towards the
periphery, olivaceous grey to black, with a regular
margin; reverse blackish.
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . – UNITED KINGDOM, Eng-
land, Gloucestershire, Forest of Dean, from canker on bark of
Larix decidua (Pinaceae), 20 Nov 1969, leg. S.T. Buczacki,
(holotype IMI 146505, ex-type cultures ATCC 24411, CBS
758.71, FMR 10049). SPAIN, Tarragona, Arbolí, from dung, Oct
1990, leg. J. Gené (culture CBS 102826 = FMR 3868).
N o t e s . – The ex-type isolate of Zalerion arbori-
cola (CBS 758.71 and FMR 10049) did not sporulate
in culture. Therefore, the description of microscopic
structures was based on isolate CBS 102826. The
latter isolate was preserved for decades at FMR
(Medicine Faculty of Universitat Rovira i Virgili,
Reus, Spain) and CBS under the name “Cladophial-
ophora boppii”, because of its ability to produce
chains of globose to subglobose pigmented conidia
from undifferentiated conidiophores (Figs. 12 A, B,
D). That species belongs in the order Chaetothyri-
ales (Badali et al. 2008). An examination of CBS
102826, however, revealed that its conidia differed
from those of typical C. boppii in becoming verru-
cose and irregularly coiled with age. These morpho-
logical differences prompted a DNA sequence-
based study to reassess the identity of the strain.
The closest matches in a BLAST search with the
ITS sequence of CBS 102826 were Zalerion arbori-
cola (99% similar to GenBank accession numbers
FR837917 (440/444), AF169308 (438/444) and
AF169307 (438/444)) and Lophium mytilinum (My-
tilinidiaceae, accession numbers EF596817 and
EF596819, 95 and 97 % identical, respectively).
Based on molecular data and morphology, isolate
CBS 102826 was re-identied as Z. arboricola. A
phylogenetic tree based on LSU sequences shows
the placement of this taxon among other members
of Mytilinidiaceae and related Dothideomycetes
(Fig. 13). No LSU sequences are currently available
for other Zalerion species, except for the generic
type, Z. maritimum, generated by Campbell et al.
(2005).
Zalerion was proposed by Moore & Meyers
(1962) to accommodate marine hyphomycetes with
dematiaceous conidia irregularly coiled in three di-
mensions. In his monograph of the genus, Goos
(1985) recognized two marine species, i.e. Zalerion
maritimum (generic type) and Zalerion varia (as “Z.
varium”), and two terrestrial taxa, i.e. Zalerion ar-
boricola and Zalerion sachidanandii. Subsequent to
the monograph of Goos (1985), three additional
species and one variety have been described, i.e. Z.
guadalupensis, Z. longispiralis, Z. thermophylli,
and Z. varia va r. terrestris (Castañeda 1985, Udai-
yan 1992, Cabello et al. 1993, Ramaley 1999). Fur-
thermore, unnamed zalerion-like asexual morphs
were described for a Trematosphaeria sp. endophyte
of cotton roots (Fisher & Webster 1992), and for
Hadrospora fallax (Tanaka & Harada 2003).
Morphological and ecological differences moti-
vated taxonomic changes in Zalerion. Inesiospori-
um was erected by Castañeda & Gams (1997) to ac-
commodate Z. longispiralis, a terrestrial species
that differs from typical Zalerion by having conidia
with a very long lament lacking constrictions at
the septa. In a revision of the helicosporous hypho-
mycetes from China, Zhao et al. (2007) considered
Z. varia va r. terrestris to be a superuous variety
distinguished only by its terrestrial habitat (pollut-
ed soil) and undeserving of recognition as distinct
from Z. varia v a r. varia. Those authors, however, ap-
parently did not consider that the variety proposed
by Cabello et al. (1993) also differed from typical Z.
varia in producing melanised mycelium and conidi-
ophores.
Early molecular studies based on rDNA se-
quences revealed that Zalerion is highly polyphyl-
etic (Bills et al. 1999). The generic type, Z. mariti-
mum, is a member of Lulworthiaceae (Campbell et
al. 2005), but other species thus far included in mo-
lecular studies belong in different taxonomic
groups, supporting their relocation to other genera.
ITS sequences of Zalerion varia revealed its afni-
ties with the Leotiaceae (Bills et al. 1999) and there-
fore this species was transferred to the segregate
genus Halenospora (Jones et al. 2009). Similarly, Z.
arboricola was shown to belong in Mytilinidiaceae
in the present study (Fig. 13), closely related to the
type species of Lophium, L. mytilinum, a genus of
ascomycetes characterised by carbonaceous con-
chate ascomata with very elongate asci and liform
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Fig. 13. Maximum likelihood tree constructed with the MEGA 6 software, based on partial sequences of the LSU rDNA of Zale-
rion maritimum, Z. arboricola and members of different orders of Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes. Branch lengths are
proportional to distance. Bootstrap values ≥ 70 % are shown near the internodes. Tex-type strain. The tree was rooted to Fibu-
lochlamys chilensis CBS 123018.
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multiseptate ascospores. These are widespread fun-
gi, usually associated with coniferous hosts. Lophi-
um mytilinum produces pycnidia and papulaspora-
like bulbils in vitro (Lohman 1933), which were not
observed in Z. arboricola. Following the rules of a
single name nomenclature (Hawksworth et al. 2011),
Z. arboricola is transferred to Lophium above.
Lulwoana uniseptata was proposed as the sexu-
al morph of Zalerion maritimum based on 18S and
28S nrDNA sequence analyses (Campbell et al.
2005), but this relationship should be reassessed us-
ing more variable loci. The evolutionary relation-
ships of Z. sachidanandii and Z. thermophylli can-
not be evaluated because no strains are available
for these species.
Authors: H. Madrid, J. Gené & M. Hernández-
Restrepo
Morchella pakistanica
S. Jabeen & A. N. Khalid, sp.
nov. – Fig. 14
MycoBank MB817224
Description. – Ascomata 45 mm high.
– H y me no ph or e conical, 42 mm long, apex at,
20 mm wide, becoming narrower towards the base,
up to 10 mm wide, off white (5Y9/2), becoming
E t y m o l o g y. – The specic epithet refers to
the country name Pakistan, from where the sample
was collected.
M a t e r i a l e x am i n e d . – PAKISTAN, on loamy soil, 19
May 2014, leg. S. Jabeen & A. N. Khalid (holotype LAH35075).
Notes. – Morchella pakistanica is character-
ised by its greyish hymenium at the top of the hy-
menophore, off-white stipe becoming brownish
when dry and subglobose to ellipsoidal, smooth,
hyaline spores. It can be compared with a closely
related taxon, M. semilibera, which is mostly found
in Europe, rare in Asia and not known to occur in
America (Moreau et al. 2014). That species has cam-
panulate, half free apothecial margins and a long
slender stipe (Moreau et al. 2014), while M. pakis-
tanica bears a thin hymenium on a wide hymeno-
phore becoming narrower towards the base in the
form of a cone. ITS rDNA sequences have been
proven useful in identifying 77.4 % of the known
phylospecies of Morchella (Du et al. 2012). In our
study, ITS sequence from the neotype of M. semilib-
era (GenBank KJ174320) clustered with other simi-
lar taxa. Morchella pakistanica diverged from all
these taxa with a strong bootstrap support, which
suggests that it is a distinct taxon (Fig. 15). During
this investigation, sampling was carried out at the
Himalayan moist temperate forest of Pakistan. The
forest is comprised of mixed vegetation of broad-
leaved trees along with conifers as dominants.
Morchella pakistanica was found growing under
obligatory ectomycorrhizal symbiont, Cedrus deo-
dara, which is a major part of the conifer commu-
nity in the region.
Authors: S. Jabeen & A. N. Khalid
Muriphaeosphaeria viburni
Crous, D. Savic & R.K.
Schumach., sp. nov. – Fig. 16
MycoBank MB817243
Description. – Ascomata solitary to ag-
gregated, erumpent, dark brown, globose, to 250 µm
diam., with slightly papillate central ostiole; wall of
3–6 layers of dark brown textura angularis. –
Pseudoparaphyses numerous, hyaline,
smooth, septate, branched, hyphae-like, 2–2.5 µm
diam. – A s c i ssitunicate, hyaline, smooth, subcy-
lindrical with obtuse apices, stipitate with foot cell,
bitunicate with well-developed apical chamber,
80–160 × 12–15 µm. – A s c o s p o r e s uniseriate but
overlapping, fusiform-ellipsoidal, brown, smooth,
ends obtusely rounded, 3-septate, constricted at
septa, but more so at median septum, (15)20–22(24)
× (8)9–10(11) µm. – C o n i d i o m a t a pycnidial, glo-
bose, to 250 µm diam., pale brown, with dark brown
Fig. 14. Morchella pakistanica (LAH35075). A. Ascocarp. B.
Ascospores. C. Asci. D. Paraphyses. Scale bars: A 1 cm, B–E
10 µm.
brownish (5YR4/6) when dry; pitted and ridged,
pits sunken, ridges prominent, rounded to elongat-
ed, grayish black (7.5YR2/2). – Co n t ext off white
and brittle. – P ar ap hy s es 104–124 × 5–6 µm, cy-
lindrical, apices rounded to clavate, hyaline. – Asc i
129–132 × 7.5–8 µm, eight-spored, cylindrical; hya-
line. – A sc os po re s 7.5–10 × 4.5–6.5 µm, subglo-
bose to ellipsoidal, smooth, contents homogeneous,
hyaline. Paraphyses, asci and ascospores examined
in 5 % KOH.
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central ostiole, exuding a creamy white conidial
mass; wall of 3–6 layers of pale brown textura angu-
laris. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s reduced to conidioge-
nous cells. – C o n i d i o g e n o u s c e l l s doliiform,
hyaline, smooth, with percurrent proliferation at
apex, 5–7 × 4–5 µm. – C o n i d i a solitary, aseptate,
hyaline, smooth, fusiform-ellipsoidal, apex subob-
tuse, base truncate, prominently granular, (6)7–8(10)
× (3)3.5(4) µm.
Etymology. – The name refers to Vibur-
num, the host genus from which this fungus was
collected.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching up to 45 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC,
with spreading, at surface; margins smooth, even,
and moderate amounts of aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface pale mouse grey in centre, dirty white in
outer region; reverse greyish sepia. On OA surface
pale luteous. On PDA surface pale luteous, reverse
luteous.
Material examined. – SERBIA, Fruska Gora (Iriski
Venac), on twig of Viburnum lantana (Adoxaceae), 21 Apr
2015, leg. D. Savic (holotype CBS H-22645, culture ex-type
CPC 26610 = CBS 141412).
N o t e s . – The monotypic genus Muriphaeospha-
eria, typied by M. galatellae, was introduced by
Phukhamsakda et al. (2015) for a pleospora-like as-
comycete collected on stems of Galatella villosa in
Russia. In M. galatellae ascospores are muriform,
and in culture it produced pycnidial conidiomata
with cylindrical, 1−3-transversely septate and
brown conidia. Based on LSU sequence data, M. vi-
burni is 99 % similar to M. galatellae (MFLUCC 14-
0614). The two species can be distinguished by the
narrower ascospores (13–27 × 4–11 µm), and larger
(10–17 × 2–6 µm), 1–3-septate, brown conidia of M.
galatellae (Phukhamsakda et al. 2015).
Authors: P. W. Crous & R. K. Schumacher
Neosetophoma lunariae
Crous & R.K. Schumach.,
sp. nov. – Fig. 17
MycoBank MB817213
Description. – Conidiomata (on pine
needle agar; PNA) pycnidial, solitary, brown,
erumpent, globose, 150–300 µm diam., with one to
several slightly darkened ostioles; wall of 2–3 layers
of brown textura angularis. – Conidiophores
Fig. 15. Phylogenetic tree of Morchella spp. from ITS sequences; inferred by the Maximum Likelihood method based on Jukes-
Cantor model (The analysis involved 47 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 774 positions in the nal dataset). Sequences
generated from LAH35075 are marked with a solid circle and in bold.
Fig. 16. Muriphaeosphaeria viburni (CBS 141412). A. Ascomata on host. B. Conidiomata on PNA. C–D. Asci with ascospores. E.
Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
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reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cav-
ity, doliiform to ampulliform, 4–6 × 4–5 µm, extend-
ing percurrently at apex, smooth, hyaline, becoming
pale brown with age. – C o n i d i a accumulating in
dense greyish to brown slime, solitary, pale brown,
smooth, subcylindrical, apex obtusely rounded,
base bluntly rounded to truncate, 2 µm diam.,
(1)3(4)-septate, (10)14–17(22) × (2.5)3 µm.
Etymology. – The name refers to Lunar-
ia, the host genus from which this fungus was col-
lected.
Culture characteristics. — Colonies
reaching up to 50 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC,
with spreading, at, folded surface; margins smooth,
lobate, and moderate amount of aerial mycelium.
On MEA surface buff, reverse isabelline. On OA
surface rosy buff with patches of grey olivaceous.
On PDA surface mouse-grey, reverse grey oliva-
ceous.
Material examined. – GERMANY, near Berlin, on
seeds of Lunaria annua (Brassicaceae), 7 Mar 2015, leg. R. K .
Schumacher (holotype CBS H-22648, culture ex-type CPC
26671 = CBS 141409).
Fig. 17. Neosetophoma lunariae (CBS 141409). A. Conidiomata on OA. B. Pycnidium showing ostiolar region. C, D. Conidiogenous
cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
Fig. 18. Patellaria quercus (CBS 141410). A. Conidiomata on OA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
Notes. – Neosetophoma was introduced by de
Gruyter et al. (2010) to accommodate a clade phylo-
genetically closely related to Paraphoma. Neose-
tophoma presently includes three species, with the
ITS of N. lunariae on ITS being 98 % (549/560) sim-
ilar to that of N. clematidis (MFLUCC 13-0734; co-
nidia 3-septate, 11–15 × 2–4 µm), and 96 % (548/571)
to N. samarorum (CBS 568.94; conidia 1–2-septate,
7–16 × 2–3 µm).
Authors: P. W. Crous & R. K. Schumacher
Patellaria quercus
Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
– Fig. 18
MycoBank MB817214
Description. – Conidiomata (on pine
needle agar; PNA) pycnidial, solitary, black,
erumpent, globose, to 200 µm diam., with 1–3 osti-
oles surrounded by setae, brown, septate, to 40 µm
long, with obtuse ends. – C o ni di op ho re s lining
the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, base becoming
slightly pigmented, 1–5-septate, branched, densely
aggregated, 10–25 × 3–4 µm. – C o n i d i o g e n o u s
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c e l ls hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with apical
taper, phialidic with periclinal thickening, but also
extending percurrently, 5–10 × 2–3 µm. – C o n i d i a
solitary, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, guttulate, subcy-
lindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1.5–2 µm
diam., (3)4(4.5) × 2 µm.
Etymology. – The name refers to
Quercus, the host genus from which this fungus was
collected.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching up to 6 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC, with
spreading, erumpent, folded surface; margins feath-
ery, and sparse to moderate aerial mycelium. On
MEA surface dirty white, with diffuse umber pig-
ment in agar, reverse umber. On OA surface pale lu-
teous. On PDA surface and reverse dirty white.
Material examined. – GERMANY, near Berlin, on
twigs Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 7 Mar 2015, leg. R.K. Schumach-
er (holotype CBS H-22647, culture ex-type CPC 27232 = CBS
141410).
N o t e s . – Based on the LSU sequence, the pre-
sent fungus has a 99 % similarity with Patellaria cf.
atrata (BCC28877, BCC28876). Because very little is
known about the asexual morphs of Patellaria, we
have chosen to describe this phoma-like fungus in
Patellaria, hoping that further collections will
eventually resolve the asexual morphs linked to Pa-
tellariaceae (see Hyde et al. 2013).
Authors: P. W. Crous & R. K. Schumacher
Phaeosphaeria lunariae
Crous & R.K. Schumach.,
sp. nov. – Fig. 19
MycoBank MB817215
Description. – Conidiomata (on pine
needle agar; PNA) pycnidial, solitary, immersed to
erumpent, globose, brown, to 300 µm diam.; wall of
3–6 layers of pale brown textura angularis. – Con-
i d i o p h o r e s reduced to conidiogenous cells lin-
ing the inner cavity, doliiform to ampulliform, hya-
line, smooth, 5–7 × 3–5 µm; phialidic with periclinal
thickening or extending percurrently, lacking visi-
ble collarettes. – Pa r a p h y s e s intermingled
Fig. 19. Phaeosphaeria lunariae (CBS 141415). A, B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
among conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, subcy-
lindrical, aseptate, 15–25 × 1.5–2 µm. – C o n i d i a
exuding in slimy, olivaceous mass, solitary, pale
brown, smooth, granular, straight to slightly curved,
subcylindrical, apex obtuse, tapering to truncate
base, 1–1.5 µm diam., 1(3)-septate, (9)12–13(15) ×
(2)2.5–3(3.5) µm.
E t y m o l o g y. – The name refers to Lunaria,
the host genus from which this fungus was collect-
ed.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching up to 40 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC,
with spreading, at surface; margins smooth, even,
and sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA surface pale
mouse-grey, reverse greyish sepia. On OA surface
smoke grey. On PDA surface smoke grey, reverse
grey olivaceous.
Material examined. – GERMANY, near Berlin, on
seed pods of Lunaria annua (Brassicaceae), 7 Mar 2015, leg. R.
K. Schumacher (holotype CBS H-22642, culture ex-type CPC
26679 = CBS 141415).
N o t e s . – Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) revised Septo-
ria and allied genera including Phaeoseptoria and
Phaeosphaeria, and chose the well-established
name Phaeosphaeria over that of Phaeoseptoria,
which is more obscure and not commonly used in
literature. Based on ITS sequence data, P. lunariae
is 98 % identical to Parastagonospora nodorum
(NRRL 62560; conidia (0)1–3-septate, 13–28 × 2.8–
4.6 µm) and 96 % to Phaeosphaeria podocarpi (CBS
138903; conidia 1-septate, (7)8–10(12) × (2)2.5(3)
µm). Phaeosphaeria lunariae is thus introduced as
new species for the fungus occurring on seed pods
of Lunaria annua.
Authors: P. W. Crous & R. K. Schumacher
Phyllosticta aucubae-japonicae
N. Zhou & L. Cai,
sp. nov. – Fig. 20
MycoBank MB812253
Description. – Conidiomata (on PDA)
pycnidial, black, visible after 7 days at 25 °C, aggre-
gated or decentralised, subglobose to globose or
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somewhat irregular, 100–300 µm diam. – C o ni d -
i o ge no u s ce l ls 6.5–14 × 2–5 µm (mean ± SD = 9.6
± 2.1 × 3.4 ± 0.7, n = 25), holoblastic, hyaline, long
cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, extend-
ing 1–2 times percurrently near apex. – C o ni d ia
accumulating in yellowish slime,10–13 × 5–8.5 µm
Fig. 20. Phyllosticta aucubae-japonicae (HMAS 246374). A, B. Colonies on PDA (upper and reverse). C, D. Pycnidia. E–G. Conid-
iogenous cells. H–K. Conidia. Scale bars: C, D 100 µm, E–K 10 µm.
Fig. 21. Phylogenetic tree generated from a maximum parsimony analysis based on the ITS, actA and tef1 sequences alignment.
Bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) above 50 % and Bayesian posterior probability values are shown at the nodes. The tree
is rooted to Botryosphaeria obtusa. An asterisk (*) indicates the ex-type strains.
(mean ± SD = 11.4 ± 0.6 × 7.3 ± 0.5, n = 30), unicel-
lular, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoidal to subglobose, en-
closed in a mucilaginous sheath, 0.5–1.5 µm (mean ±
SD = 0.7 ± 0.3, n = 25) thick, and bearing a hyaline,
mucoid apical appendage, 6.5–31 µm long, straight
to exible, unbranched, deciduous.
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E t y m o l o g y. – The name refers to Aucuba ja-
ponica, the host genus from which this fungus was
rst isolated.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies on
PDA at, with irregular margins, olive green in ob-
verse and reverse when young, becoming greenish
black at maturity. Aerial mycelia loose, white.
Material examined. – JaPaN, Kagoshima, on fruit
of Aucuba japonica (Garryaceae), Dec 1992, leg. T. Kobayashi
(holotype HMAS 246374; ex–type culture MAFF 236703 = LC
4755, ITS sequence GenBank KR233300, actA sequence Gen-
Bank: KR233305, tef1 sequence GenBank: KR233310); ibid.,
living culture MAFF 410353 (= LC 4754).
N o t e s . – This species was originally published
as P. aucubae, but no species description was pro-
vided (Shirai & Hara 1927), and the name was a
later homonym of P. aucubae (Saccardo 1878). To-
gashi (1936) renamed this species P. harai, but also
did not provide a species description. According to
Melbourne Code Art. 39.1, both P. harai and P. aucu-
bae are invalid names. Isolates MAFF 236703 and
MAFF 410353 were deposited as P. harai in NIAS,
Japan. Phyllosticta aucubae-japonicae is morpho-
logically similar and phylogenetically closely relat-
ed to P. citribraziliensis, P. hostae and P. citrichi-
naensis (Glienke et al. 2011, Su & Cai 2012, Wang et
al. 2012) (Fig. 21), but these species occur on differ-
ent host plants. In addition, P. aucubae-japonicae
can be distinguished from the three species respec-
tively by several molecular loci, i.e. ITS (17 bp, 8 bp,
12 bp), actA (14 bp, 9 bp, 1 bp) and tef1 (22 bp, 16 bp,
39 bp).
Authors: N. Zhou & L. Cai
Rhinocladiella coryli
Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp.
nov. – Fig. 22
MycoBank MB817216
Description. – Mycelium consisting of
pale brown, smooth, septate, branched, 2–3 µm
diam. hyphae. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s solitary, erect,
straight to slightly curved, grey-brown, smooth,
subcylindrical with slight apical taper, unbranched,
0–7-septate, 10–70 × 2.5–3 µm. – C o n i d i o g e -
n o u s c el ls integrated, terminal, pale brown, sub-
cylindrical, 10–25 × 2.5–3 µm, with terminal rachis
containing numerous slightly darkened sympodial
scars, up to 0.5 µm diam. – C o ni di a solitary, asep-
tate, pale brown, smooth, ellipsoidal with obtuse
apex, tapering to truncate base, hilum 0.5 µm diam.,
(3)4–4.5(5) × 2(2.5) µm. – Sy n a s e x u a l m o r p h
not observed.
Et y molog y. – The name refers to Corylus,
the host genus from which this fungus was rst iso-
lated.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching up to 10 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC,
with spreading erumpent surface; margins smooth,
Fig. 22. Rhinocladiella coryli (CBS 141407). A. Colony overview on SNA. B–D. Conidiophores. E, F. Conidiogenous cells. G. Co-
nidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
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lobate, and moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA and
PDA surface mouse-grey, reverse dark mouse grey.
On OA surface mouse-grey with dark mouse-grey
border.
Material examined. – GERMANY, near Berlin, on
stems of Corylus avellana (Corylaceae), 7 Mar 2015, leg. R. K.
Schumacher (holotype CBS H-22651, culture ex-type CPC
26654 = CBS 141407).
Notes. – Rhinocladiella coryli clusters among
other species of the genus Rhinocladiella, along
with their Exophiala synasexual morphs (see Ar-
zanlou et al. 2007). Phylogenetically, R. coryli is
quite distinct from other species presently known,
and shares, based on ITS sequence data, 86 % iden-
tity (539/627) with Rhinocladiella aquaspersa IFM
4930 (GenBank AB091214), and 86 % identity
(525/614) with Exophiala angulospora NJM 0562
(GenBank AB972402). Because this generic com-
plex is in need of revision, our collection is allocat-
ed to the genus Rhinocladiella based on morpholo-
gy and in advance of additional DNA data becom-
ing available.
Authors: P. W. Crous & R. K. Schumacher
Rhinocladiella quercus
Crous & R.K. Schumach.,
sp. nov. – Fig. 23
MycoBank MB817217
Description. – Mycelium consisting of
pale brown, smooth, septate, branched, 1.5–2 µm
diam. hyphae. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s erect, rarely
branched, arising from supercial hyphae, solitary,
subcylindrical, brown, at times reduced to conidiog-
enous cells, 0–4-septate, 5–50 × 2.5–3.5 µm. – C o n -
i d i o g e n o u s c e l l s terminal, integrated, 5–45 ×
3–3.5 µm, brown, smooth, with a terminal rachis
containing an aggregated cluster of pimple-like
denticles, slightly thickened and darkened, up to 0.5
µm diam. – C o n i d i a solitary, pale brown, smooth,
ellipsoidal, apex obtuse, tapering to a truncate base,
hilum 0.5 µm diam., slightly thickened and dark-
ened, (3)4(5) × (1.5–)2 µm. – S y n a s e x u a l m o r p h
exophiala-like, developing on hyphal cells that tend
to become swollen and constricted at septa.
Etymology. – The name refers to
Quercus, the host genus from which this fungus was
collected.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching up to 20 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC,
with spreading, erumpent surface; margins smooth,
lobate, and moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface and reverse dark mouse-grey. On OA and
PDA surface and reverse mouse-grey.
Material examined. – GERMANY, near Berlin, on
twigs of Quercus robur (Fagaceae), 11 Apr 2015, leg. R . K.
Schumacher (holotype CBS H-22649, culture ex-type CPC
26621 = CBS 141448).
N o t e s . – Based on LSU sequence data, Rhino-
cladiella quercus is 99 % (792/794) similar to Cap-
Fig. 23. Rhinocladiella quercus (CBS 141448). A, B. Conidiophores on SNA. C. Conidia. D–E. Exophiala-like synasexual morph.
Scale bars 10 µm.
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ronia sp. A (WUC-2011 strain WUC 102-C), and 96
% (761/794) to Capronia fungicola (CBS 614.96).
The genus Capronia has been linked to Rhinoclad-
iella, Exophiala, Cladophialophora and Phialopho-
ra as asexual morphs (Untereiner & Naveau 1999).
Authors: P. W. Crous & R. K. Schumacher
Tracylla aristata
(Cooke) Tassi, Bulletin Labor. Orto
Bot. de R. Univ. Siena 6: 62. 1904. – Fig. 24
Basionym. – Leptothyrium aristatum Cooke, Grevillea
20(no. 93): 6. 1891.
Description. – Conidiomata pycno-
thyrial, scattered, supercial, circular to subcircu-
lar, occasionally with irregular margin, 85–200 µm
diam.; c o n i d i o m a t a l d i s c consisting of sev-
eral layers, upper shield linked to mycelium via
central column; shield becomes thinner towards the
margin; central part of pale brown cells, peripheral
zone of radially elongated pale brown cells, with
entire margin. – C o n i d i o p h o r e s reduced to co-
nidiogenous cells lining the underside of the shield,
encased in mucus. – Conidiogenous cells
cuboid, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, 4–5 × 3–4 µm.
– C o n i d i a exuded in slimy mass, naviculate to lu-
nate or subcylindrical, 13–17 × 2–3 µm, base obtuse,
apex acute, giving rise to exuous a p i c a l a p -
pendage, 6.5–14 µm long. – Pycnothyria not
formed in culture, but colonies form slimy masses of
conidia on sporodochia that contain a basal layer of
brown verruculose hyphae. – H y p h a l c e l l s form
phialides that give rise to aseptate, hyaline c o n i d -
i a , (11)14–16(17) × (2)2.5–3(3.5) µm, a p i c a l a p -
p e n d a g e 6–14 µm long.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
spreading, at, with sparse aerial mycelium and
feathery margin, to 50 mm diam. after 2 wk at 25 ºC.
On MEA surface isabelline with patches of honey,
reverse hazel. On PDA surface and reverse isabel-
line. On OA surface dark mouse grey.
Material examined. – AUSTRALIA, Victoria, on
Eucalyptus sp. ( Myrtaceae), leg. Mrs. Martin No. 752, holotype
K(M); Victoria, Toolangi State Forest, S37º33’25.3”
E145º31’55.9”, on leaves of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae),
9 Nov 2014, leg. P.W. Crous, J. Edwards & P. W. J. Taylor (epitype
designated here CBS H-22654, MBT371905, culture ex-epi-
type CPC 25500 = CBS 141404).
N o t e s . – The genus Tracylla is based on T. spar-
tinae (on Spartina patens, and several other grass-
es) from Brazil, Jamaica, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Thailand and the USA (Nag Raj 1993). Tracylla
aristata, was originally described from Eucalyptus
leaf litter collected in Australia, although it has also
been reported from New Zealand and South Africa
(Crous & Van der Linde 1993), and apparently also
occurs on Hakea dactyloides (Nag Raj 1993). The
two species differ in their conidial morphology (co-
nidia of T. spartinae are 14–18 × 6–8 µm, with apical
Fig. 24. Tracylla aristata (CBS 141404). A. Sporulation on PDA. B. Conidiophores. C–D. Conidiogenous cells. E, F. Conidiogenous
cells giving rise to conidia. G. Conidia. Scale bars 10 µm.
Sydowia 68 (2016) 221
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and basal appendages, 11–30 µm long; Nag Raj
1993), and to determine whether they are really
congeneric fresh collections of T. spartinae must be
obtained.
Authors: P. W. Crous, J. Edwards & P. W. J. Taylor
Wojnowiciella leptocarpi
Crous, Hern.-Restr. & M.
Palm, sp. nov. – Fig. 25
MycoBank MB817218
Description. – Conidiomata pycnidial,
globose, brown, submerged and supercial, 100–205
µm diam., separate, with central dark ostiole; wall
of 2–3 layers of orange brown textura intricata. –
C o n i d i o p h o r e s reduced to conidiogenous cells.
– Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavi-
ty, subglobose, ampulliform to subcylindrical, hya-
line, smooth, 2.3 – 4.5 × 3–6 µm. – M a c r o c o n i d i a
subcylindrical, widest in the middle, straight, apex
and base obtuse, 7-septate, thick-walled, verrucu-
lose, orange brown, paler and with a mucous caps at
both ends, 26–36 × 4–6 µm. – M i c r o c o n i d i a glo-
bose, short cylindrical, amorphous, hyaline, smooth,
2.5–4 × 2–3 µm; produced in the same pycnidia to-
gether with macroconidia.
Etymology. – The name reects the host
genus Leptocarpus from which this species was iso-
lated.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies
reaching 21 mm diam. after 1 wk at 25 °C, cottony,
greenish olivaceous, margin effuse. On PDA diffus-
ible pigment luteous and reverse luteous and black.
On MEA exudate luteous, reverse fulvous.
M a t e ri a l ex a m i n e d . – AUSTRALIA, [imported from
Australia, intercepted at Los Angeles airport, California,
USA], on stem of Leptocarpus sp. (Restionaceae), 16 Jun 2000,
leg. F.G. Haddad (holotype CBS H-22661, culture ex-type CBS
115684).
Notes. – Wojnowiciella was recently intro-
duced and differentiated from Wojnowicia based on
brown conidia and the absence of setae on the con-
idiomata (Crous et al. 2015d). Morphologically, W.
leptocarpi can be distinguished from other species
in the genus by the presence of conidia with mucoid
caps at both ends. Although microconidia are also
observed in the type species W. eucalypti, macroco-
nidia are narrower in W. leptocarpi. Recently de-
scribed species in Wojnowicia (Li et al. 2015, Liu et
al. 2015) are transferred here to Wojnowiciella, be-
cause the type species of Wojnowicia, W. hirta, was
reduced to synonymy with Septoriella (Crous et al.
2015a). In addition, our phylogenetic analyses, sup-
ported by morphological data, also place these spe-
cies in Wojnowiciella.
Wojnowiciella dactylidis
(Wijayawardene, Campo-
resi & K.D. Hyde) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB817219
Basionym. – Wojnowicia dactylidis Wijayawardene,
Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 72: 144. 2015.
Fig. 25. Wojnowiciella leptocarpi (CBS 115684). A. Conidiomata on natural substrate. B, C. Section of the conidiomata. D. Con-
idiogenous cells. E. Macro- and microconidia. F–K. Macroconidia. Scale bars B 50 µm; C, E 20 µm; D, F–K 10 µm.
222 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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Wojnowiciella lonicerae
(Wijayawardene, Campo-
resi & K.D. Hyde) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB817220
Basionym. – Wojnowicia lonicerae Wijayawardene,
Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 72: 145. 2015.
Wojnowiciella spartii
(W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB817244
Basionym. – Wojnowicia spartii W.J. Li, Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 6: 703. 2015.
Authors: M. Hernández-Restrepo & P. W. Crous
Xerocomellus fulvus
Sarwar, Ahmad & Khalid, sp.
nov. – Figs. 26, 27
MycoBank MB815528
Description. – Pileus 2.0–3.1 cm across,
convex to hemispheric, deep pink to strong yellow-
ish brown (2.5R 6/14–10YR 5/8), dry and aerolate;
obtuse central disc; curvature deexed; margin cot-
tony. – S t i p e 5–6 × 1.5–1.7 cm, net stipe (pseudor-
eticulation), equal or slightly tapering toward base,
smooth and cylindrical, light greyish red (2.5R 6/8)
from top to centre and dark yellowish brown (10YR
2/4) from centre to base. – P o r e s u r f a c e ad-
nexed, soft, light greenish yellow to vivid greenish
yellow (7.5Y 9/6 – 7.5Y 9/8). – B a s i d i o s p o re s
13–17 × 6–8 µm [av. = 7 × 15 µm, Q = 2.214], ellipsoi-
dal to oblong, apiculate, smooth, yellow to green ol-
ive, amyloid. – B a s i d i a 13–15.5 × 37.5–39.5 µm,
clavate, two- to three-spored basidia, thin-walled,
hyaline. – C h e i l o c y s t i d i a 29–36.5 × 11.5–13.5
µm, clavate, thin walled, hyaline. – P l e u r o c y s t -
idia 31– 42 × 11–12.5 µm, clavate, guttulate, thin-
walled, hyaline. – P i l e i p e l l i s hyphae cylindri-
cal, 9–13 µm diam., thin-walled, hyaline. – S t i p -
i t i p e l l i s hyphae cylindrical, 11–12.5 µm, hya-
line. Examined in 5 % KOH.
Etymology. – The species epithet fulvus
refers to the reddish brown colour of the basidio-
mata of this species.
Material examined. – PAKISTAN, Khyber Pakh-
tunkhwa (KPK), Swat, Ushu Kalam, solitary on soil under Ce-
drus deodara (Pinaceae), 26 Jul 2014, leg. I. Ahmad (holotype
LAH926714).
Notes. – Xerocomellus, a recently described
genus, is clearly separated from Xerocomus based
on phylogenetic inference (Šutara 2008). Morpho-
logical and molecular data suggest that Xerocomel-
lus is a heterogeneous taxon (Ladurner & Simonini
2003, Binder & Hibbett 2004, 2007, Šutara 2008).
Fig. 26. Xerocomellus fulvus (LAH 926714). A, B. Fresh ba-
sidiomata. Scale bars 1.8 cm.
Fig. 27. Xerocomellus fulvus (LAH 926714). A. Stiptipellis. B. Pileal hyphae. C. Cheilocystida. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Basidia F. Ba-
sidiospores. Scale bars A 34 µm, B 44 µm, C 18 µm, D 22 µm, E 17 µm, F 11 µm.
Sydowia 68 (2016) 223
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Fig. 28. Phylogenetic tree of Xerocomellus fulvus and allies. Tree inferred by maximum likelihood analysis based on ITS-nrDNA
sequences. Bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) > 50 % are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given at
the end of species names. ■ indicate the new species reported from Pakistan.
224 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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Eight species of this genus are already reported
from Pakistan (Ahmad 1980, Iqbal & Khalid 1996,
Razaq 2007, Sultana et al. 2011, Sarwar 2013, Sar-
war et al. 2014). ITS sequence data showed that X.
fulvus is closest to X. dryophilus, X. pakistanicus
and Rheubarbiboletus armeniacus (syn. Xerocomel-
lus armeniacus). In the phylogenetic tree, Xero-
comellus fulvus is a sister clade to X. dryophilus
(Fig. 28).
Morphologically X. fulvus is characterised by
deep pink to strong yellowish brown pileus colour,
and smooth spores that can be easily differentiated
from species with striated spores. It shows a very
close resemblance to X. dryophilus but can be dis-
tinguished from that species by its smaller pileus,
dark reddish brown stipe base and slightly larger
spores, compared to the reddish pileus, yellowish
stipe base and smaller spores in X. dryophilus.
Authors: I. Ahmad, S. Sarwar, A. Rashid & A. N.
Khalid
subcylindrical, thin- and smooth-walled, hyaline to
yellowish-brown, 10–13(–15) × 3.5–5 µm, uniseptate
or biseptate (occasionally non-septate). Asexual
morph not observed.
Etymology. – shoalensis referring to the
Shoal Creek Conservation Area, where the fungus
was collected.
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . – USA, Illinois, Montgomery
County, Shoal Creek Conservation Area, 39.1871 N, -89.5963
W, on 6 cm. diam. decorticated branch on ground, 4 Apr 2004,
leg. A.N. Miller, ANM 1 (holotype ILLS 76895).
Notes. – Xylomelasma was introduced by Ré-
blová (2006) for two new taxa isolated from rotten
wood, X. novae-zelandiae and X. sordida (Réblová
2006). Recently, another new species was described
isolated from the same kind of substrate, X. modera-
ta (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2014). Xylomelasma
shoalensis can easily be distinguished from the other
species by its allantoid to subcylindrical, uni- or bi-
septate ascospores vs. ellipsoidal to oblong and
Fig. 29. Xylomelasma shoalensis (from Holotype ILLS 76895). A, B. Ascomata. C. Ascus. D, E. Ascospores. Scale bars B 100 µm,
C 10 µm, D–E 5 µm.
Xylomelasma shoalensis
A.N. Mill., Y. Marín &
Stchigel, sp. nov. – Fig. 29
Mycobank MB815633
Description. – Ascomata immersed in
wood, partly erumpent, solitary to aggregated, osti-
olate, black, globose to subglobose, 175–265 µm,
with a prominent neck, non-sulcate, up to 570 µm
long. – P a r a p h y s e s sparse, liform, hyaline. –
A s c i 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 65–80 ×
7–10 µm, stipe 7–17 µm long, with a non-amyloid
small apical ring. – A s c o s p o r e s uniseriate, bise-
riate or irregularly arranged in the asci, allantoid to
aseptate, or rarely uniseptate in the other three spe-
cies. In fact, ascospore morphology is more similar to
that observed in Endoxylina. However, the phyloge-
netic study based on the D1−D3 region of 28S
nucLSU sequences demonstrated that our taxon be-
longs to Xylomelasma and that this genus is unrelat-
ed to Endoxylina. In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 3)
Xylomelasma remains incertae sedis and Endoxyli-
na tehuacanesis is outside the family Diatrypaceae,
although Endoxylina was included in that family to
accommodate Eutypa astroidea (Romell 1892).
Authors. – A. N. Miller, Y. Marin-Felix & A. M.
Stchigel
Sydowia 68 (2016) 225
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Interesting host and geographical records
Beltrania rhombica
Penz., Michelia 2 (no. 8): 474.
1882.
Material examined. – MALAYSIA, Sabah, on leaves
of Acacia sp. (Fabaceae), May 2015, leg. M.J. Wingeld, CPC
27482 = CBS 141507.
Notes. – Beltrania rhombica is commonly as-
sociated with leaf litter, although a recent paper by
Shi et al. (2012) also reports it from leaf spots of
Tibouchina in China. DNA data is rather sparse for
this complex, and it may be that the present collec-
tion will eventually be shown to represent a species
allied to the B. rhombica/pseudorhombica complex
(Crous et al. 2014).
Botryosphaeria agaves
(Henn.) E.J. Butler, Annls
mycol. 9(4): 415. 1911.
Basionym. – Physalospora agaves Henn., Bot. Jb. 34:
51. 1904.
Material examined. – FRANCE, La Réunion, on
branches of Agave sp. (Agavaceae), 10 Mar 2015, leg. P. W.
Crous, CPC 26299 = CBS 141505.
Notes. – Botryosphaeria agaves appears to
have a wide distribution, and is commonly associ-
ated with leaves of Agave spp. (Liu et al. 2012, Phil-
lips et al. 2013). This is the rst record from La Ré-
union.
Chrysofolia colombiana
Crous et al., Persoonia 34:
207. 2015. – Fig. 30
Material examined. – FRANCE, La Réunion, on
leav es of Syzygium jambos (Myrtaceae), 12 Mar 2015, leg. P.W .
Crous, CPC 26355 = CBS 141506.
Notes. – Chrysofolia colombiana (type species
of Chrysofolia) was recently described from leaves
of a Eucalyptus sp. collected in Colombia (Crous et
al. 2015d). The fact that this fungus is reported here
from Syzygium, also in the Myrtaceae, is thus un-
surprising. However, its occurence in La Réunion
was unexpected. Further multi-gene analyses are
required to conrm this identication, which is
presently supported only by morphology and ITS
sequence data.
Colletotrichum karstii
Y.L. Yang et al., Cryptog. My-
col. 32: 241. 2011.
Material examined. – FRANCE, La Réunion, on
leaves of Acacia heterophylla (Fabaceae), 8 Mar 2015, leg. P. W.
Crous, CPC 26233 = CBS 141503.
Notes. – Colletotrichum karstii represents a
species in the C. boninense complex, which is known
to have a wide host range and distribution, being
commonly associated with a range of different dis-
ease symptoms (Damm et al. 2012).
Fig. 30. Crysopholia colombiana (culture CBS 141506). A. Conidiomata on SNA. B. Conidiomata on OA. C. Conidiomata on SNA.
D–F. Conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bars A–C 300 µm, all others 10 µm.
226 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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Dothiora ceratoniae
(Quaedvl. et al.) Crous, Fungal
Biol.: in press. MB816138
Basionym. – Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae Quaedvl. et
al., Stud. Mycol. 75: 358. 2013.
M a t er ia l ex a m in ed . – AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mel-
bourne, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 2 Nov 2014,
leg. P.W. Crous, CPC 25484 = CBS 141501.
Notes. – Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae, occur-
ring on leaves of Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae) in
Spain, is the type species Cylindroseptoria (Quaed-
vlieg et al. 2013). However, a recent study has shown
that the genus is a synonym of Dothiora (Crous &
Groenewald 2016, in press).
Epicoccum sorghinum
(Sacc.) Aveskamp, Gruyter &
Verkley [as ‘sorghi’], Stud. Mycol. 65: 36. 2010.
Material examined. – FRANCE, La Réunion, on
leaves of Paspalum sp. (Poaceae), 7 Mar 2015, leg. P.W. Crous,
CPC 26197 = CBS 141502.
Notes. – Epicoccum sorghinum appears to rep-
resent a species complex occurring on a range of
different hosts, and awaits further treatment
(Aveskamp et al. 2010).
Helminthosporium velutinum Link
[as ‘Helmispo-
rium’], Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2):
10, tab. 1: 9. 1809.
Material examined. – FRANCE, La Réunion, on
branches of Stoebe sp. (Asteraceae), 7 Mar 2015, leg. P. W.
Crous, CPC 26297 = CBS 141504.
Notes. – Helminthosporium velutinum, the
type species of Helminthosporium is commonly iso-
lated from leaf and twig litter as endophyte, and
appears to have a cosmopolitan distribution. This is
the rst record from La Réunion.
Myrmecridium spartii
Crous & R.K. Schumach.
Sydowia 67: 106. 2015.
Material examined. – SERBIA, Fruska Gora (Iriski
Venac), on twigs of Cytisus (= Sarothamnus) scoparius (Fa-
baceae), 10 Mar 2015, leg. D. Savic, CPC 26548 = CBS 141406.
Notes. – Myrmecridium presently includes
seven species, characterised by hyaline mycelium
and pale to unpigmented, pimple-like denticles on
the conidiogenous cells (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Crous
et al. 2011, 2012, 2015c). This specimen of M. spartii
represents a new geographical record from Serbia.
Ramularia eucalypti
Crous, Fungal Diversity 26:
174. 2007.
Material examined. – ITALY, Sicily, on leaves of
Citrus maxima (Rutaceae), 13 Mar 2015, leg. V. Guarnaccia,
CPC 26186 = CBS 141518.
Notes. – Ramularia eucalypti was originally
described causing leaf spots of Eucalyptus (Myrta-
ceae) in Italy (Crous et al. 2007). Since its initial
publication, numerous isolates were reported as R.
eucalypti, associated with infections of different
agricultural crops, and humans. Based on a multi-
gene phylogenetic study, however, Videira et al.
(2015) split the R. eucalypti complex into seven
well-dened species that differ in host range and
distribution.
Readeriella dimorphospora
(Crous & C. Moham-
med) Crous, Persoonia 23: 111. 2009.
Basionym. – Cibiessia dimorphospora Crous & C. Mo-
hammed, Fungal Diversity 26: 151. 2007.
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . – AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mel-
bourne, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., 7 Nov 2014, leg. P. W.
Crous, CPC 25379 = CBS 141497.
Notes. – Readeriella dimorphospora was origi-
nally described from leaf spots of Eucalyptus nitens
collected in Tasmania (Crous et al. 2007). Since its
initial description, this fungus has been isolated
from leaves of different Eucalyptus species in Aus-
tralia, and appears to be quite common on this host.
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali
Crous, Persoonia
32: 213. 2014.
M a t e r i a l e x a mi ne d. – AUSTRALIA, Melbourne, on
leaves of Grevillea sp. (Proteaceae), 7 Nov 2014, leg. P.W. Crous,
CPC 25482 = CBS 141498; Western Australia, Perth, Bedford-
ale, on leaves of Grevillea sp., 29 Sept 2015, leg. P.W. Crous,
CPC 29196 = CBS 141499; Western Australia, on leaves of Aca-
cia glaucoptera Benth. (Fabaceae), 22 Sept 2015, leg. P. W.
Crous, CPC 29232 = CBS 141500.
Notes. – Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali was
recently described from leaves of Dichapetalum
rhodesicum collected in Botswana (Crous et al.
2014). Although the present isolates appear to be
closely related to this fungus based on their ITS se-
quence data, a multigene phylogenetic study is
needed to clarify whether this might be a complex
of closely related cryptic species. This genus is
placed in the Vermiculariopsiellaceae nom. prov. in
the Sordariomycetes (Hernández-Restrepo et al.
unpubl.)
Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae
(Crous & Denman)
Crous, Sydowia 67: 110. 2015.
Basionym. – Coniothyrium nitidae Crous & Denman,
S. Afr. J. Bot. 64: 138. 1998.
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . – AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mel-
bourne, on leaves of Acacia leprosa var. graveolens (Fabaceae),
2 Nov 2014, leg. P.W. Crous, CPC 25373 = CBS 141517.
FRANCE, La Réunion, on leaves of Acacia heterophylla (Fa-
baceae), 8 Mar 2015, leg. P.W. Crous, CPC 26289 = CBS 141496.
Sydowia 68 (2016) 227
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Notes. – Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae is a foli-
ar pathogen of Proteaceae (Swart et al. 1998, Crous
et al. 2013, 2015c), and this is the rst record from
Australia.
Authors: P. W. Crous, M. J. Wingeld & M.
Hernández-Restrepo
Acknowledgements
We thank the technical staff of the CBS, Arien
van Iperen (cultures), Trix Merx (deposit strains in
CBS collection) Marjan Vermaas (photographic
plates), and Mieke Starink-Willemse (DNA isola-
tion, amplication and sequencing) for their invalu-
able assistance.
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