A Critical Analysis of Social Issues Discussed In Important English Newspapers of Pakistan

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyze the newspaper articles published in the Daily Dawn and the Daily News International during the year 2012-2011. The researcher analyzed the articles from different aspects e.g. knowledge of social issues, enriching English language etc. so as to enhance the level of awareness regarding social issues and learning skills of English language of the readers. One hypotheses was formulated. in Karachi. The researcher used the stratified random sampling design along with purposive sampling design was adopted. The mode of determining the role of English newspapers was through a close and careful analysis of the newspaper articles. Questionnaires and interview protocol were major techniques used for data collection. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Content analysis of the articles revealed the level of social issues discussed in important newspapers. It has created an impact specifically on the authorities of the newspaper organizations and generally in the public. It was a sort of litmus test. It was found knowledge related to social issues was available for the readers. On the basis of findings concrete recommendations were made.

Full text

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. IV (Jan. 2015), PP 141-144
e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0837-2014141144 www.iosrjournals.org 141 | Page
A Critical Analysis of Social Issues Discussed In Important
English Newspapers of Pakistan
Khurram Shahzad1, Ahmed Saeed2, Memoona Saeed Lodhi3
Hamdard University, Karachi
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyze the newspaper articles published in the Daily Dawn and the
Daily News International during the year 2012-2011. The researcher analyzed the articles from different
aspects e.g. knowledge of social issues, enriching English language etc. so as to enhance the level of awareness
regarding social issues and learning skills of English language of the readers. One hypotheses was formulated.
The scope of the study was limited to the articles published in the important English newspapers of Pakistan
(the Daily Dawn and the Daily News) and their readers in Karachi. Mixed research approach was adopted. The
population was comprised of all the readers of the selected articles of the Daily Dawn and the Daily News
newspapers published during the year 2012-2011 in Karachi. The researcher used the stratified random
sampling design along with purposive sampling design was adopted. The mode of determining the role of
English newspapers was through a close and careful analysis of the newspaper articles. Questionnaires and
interview protocol were major techniques used for data collection. Data was analyzed qualitatively and
quantitatively. Content analysis of the articles revealed the level of social issues discussed in important
newspapers. It has created an impact specifically on the authorities of the newspaper organizations and
generally in the public. It was a sort of litmus test. It was found knowledge related to social issues was available
for the readers. On the basis of findings concrete recommendations were made.
Keywords: Social Issues, Newspapers
I. Introduction
Pakistan is developing country and people of Pakistan are facing social issues which are disturbing the
social life and peace of mind of the people. People are too confused to solve these problems by themselves as it
is the duty of the government to solve it and too costly to be solved by any individual. Everybody is affected by
these issues. Most of the population of Pakistan is from middle and lower middle class. The social issues which
are discussed in the Dawn and the News International are Corruption, Power Crisis, Education, Justice & Law,
Population, Target Killing, Security, Inflation, Poverty, Traffic, Pollution, Religion/Sectarian, Child Rights,
Senior Citizens, Gender, Agricultural facilities, Kidnappings, Health, Employment, Holidays, Forest, Water,
CNG, Land Mafia, Terrorism, Decease, Natural Disaster, Medicines, Recreation, Sanitation, Crimes, Smoking,
Futile Traditions, Morality, Road Block, Holiday, Diminishing Cultures (McCombs, 2002).
The newspapers organizations play very important role in the development of the image of the people
The Daily Dawn is an important English newspaper of Pakistan which is published from Karachi, Lahore and
Islamabad simultaneously (Riaz, 2008). The newspaper shapes the thoughts of the people as per their
organizational agendas. It is accepted that only those news are broadcasted which gives benefits to the
newspaper organizations or which inclines to grasp the interests of the people. Only selective substance is
published in the newspapers. It may be due to financial limitations and economic problems with the newspaper
organizations which tend them to run their organizations according to particular and preferred ways. Most part
of the newspapers is formulated by keeping in view the preferences of the audience. Most of the newspaper
organizations do not publish more than 75% of the potential news (McCombs, 2002).
According to Young (1981) the media is assumed as the body through which information are flowing
without any modification. According to the null effects model the media displays the real picture of the stories
or it alters the news at a minute level. Journalists also have an effect on the news according to their religious and
political affiliations. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the benefits of reading the English
newspapers articles, the intensity of the social issues discussed by the important English newspapers. One major
hypothesis was formulated;
There is no significant difference in the adequacies of information related to current social issues
among the readers.
The scope of the study was limited to the articles published in the important English newspapers of
Pakistan, the Daily Dawn and the Daily News, and their readers in Karachi. The overall purpose of the study
was to assess the benefits of reading the English newspapers articles in the intensity of the social issues
discussed by the important English newspapers.

A critical analysis of social issues discussed in important English newspapers of Pakistan
DOI: 10.9790/0837-2014141144 www.iosrjournals.org 142 | Page
II. Literature Review
Newspapers are the only media which provide necessary knowledge to the public just in few minutes.
Newspaper articles play very important role in the learning of the readers. Electronic learning is yet not in the
access of everybody. Only few chosen seeds can afford it. Development in education is also inclining towards
mobilized, convenient and portable luxuries. In this way learning is shifting from conventional to mobile
learning (Ting, 2005).
English is the language of computer and it is the most prominent language of internet. The editors of
the newspapers keeps in mind the likes and dislikes of the people. Different approaches are used to convey the
news to the public Newspapers depict the relationship of specific events with the large area of present actions.
Discoveries and innovations caused the development in ideas (Naz, 2007). Many literary scholars regarded the
trend of interdisciplinary in literary studies as a healthy and optimistic thought. Literary thinkers are trying their
best to make the useful links between literature and cultural studies, literature and political economy and
literature and psychology. Feminist literary theory, Marxist literary theory, cognitive poetics, postcolonial
literary theory, psychoanalysis are common examples of it (Eagleton, 1996).
The importance of newspapers cannot be ignored as due to the advancement in technology as the radio
and TV. The thirst and hunger to acquire the real news is not satisfied till the people read the newspaper daily.
The News International and the daily Dawn are the important English dailies mostly revolve among the readers
in Pakistan. A holiday is bad in newspaper organizations. The newspapers facilitates us with the latest news on
the time of prayers, the time of the trains, the time of sunrise and sunset, the time of the trains, airplanes, the
radio and television programs, weather reports and important telephone numbers of police, ambulance,
hospitals, fire brigades station. The newspapers take no price of it. The announcement of seminars, conferences,
books launching ceremonies and symposiums. Newspapers play very important role in the documentation and
publication of the history. (Khawaja, 1995).
Editorial pages of the newspapers do represent bias and political ideology. And at the same time
editorials are valuables and they appeal to the intellect. These show us breaking dawn issues. Editorials are heart
and soul of newspapers and conscious of community. The editorials cares what we do (Hillock, 2007). The
importance of social issues cannot be ignored. It is a distinction of American sociology as science must remain
in touch with the real life and its exigencies. No nation of the world can race with the American sociologist in
delivering day to day minute information. The sociologist must pay heed towards each matter separately and
totality of given society. He is of the view that it is not only the family and state which changes but whole
sphere of spiritual life. A Russian sociologist, Peterlovov stated that the starting point of his sociology was man,
who advances together with the explanation of society. He is of the view that morality is not intrinsic. The inner
eminence of man is struggling after his wishes (Ali, 1969).
Newspapers are predetermined to support traditional learning approaches. The editors would come to
know about the performance of their newspaper articles. The newspaper Editors will plan well for their future as
how much material is added or deleted in their newspapers to attract the attention of the public. Media
influences the behavior of the children and teenagers. It also alters their social norms (Bandura and Walters
1963). Media can educate positively and can mislead the people, simultaneously, whatever the standard is
employed. Most underprivileged classes of society achieve least out of education. Atmosphere at home has
profound influence on the performance of the child at the school and in approaching the higher education.
Advantaged people prosper more than the disadvantaged (Howlitt, 1982).
The perspective of the dominance of the men to influence the news more than the women may change
because, by the time, more women join this profession (Peiser, 2000). The articles published in the newspapers
are placed in a proper manner. The placement of articles depends upon the numbers of the news and their
importance (Antunes, et al., 2009). The editorials of the News International and the Daily Dawn play very
imperative role in formulating the opinion of the public. The editorials presented the image of the editors of the
newspapers but now the range of editorials is far-reaching The articles published in newspapers depict the
policy of that organization towards a specific issue. These pages show the image of whole the organization not
of any single figure individually (Saleem, 2007).
Major newspapers always help a lot to develop a strong base to investigate questions for research
concerning media contents. In an era of modern and advanced communication technologies newspapers still
provide model and essential professional journalistic ethics across all media. Generally, the quality press gives
prominence to foreign news, especially diplomatic, political and international news (Nossek, 2004). The role of
the press cannot under estimated by limiting it to communication only. The newspapers organizations played a
feedback role as well. For example they work as a government outsider institution to react the foreign policy,
and image making (Daris, 1992).
More or the less, every society has the social issues. Association for Social Studies Education Research
(ASSER) and Journal for Social Studies Education Research (JSSER) highlights the social issues such as
poverty, citizenship, social and economic equality and justice. Extreme poverty is an important issue in

A critical analysis of social issues discussed in important English newspapers of Pakistan
DOI: 10.9790/0837-2014141144 www.iosrjournals.org 143 | Page
developing world. Social studies educators need to take responsibility to educate and advocate people in the
world to make poverty history. We can control the difficulties of social issues with the common beliefs and
values. In the time of such issues we could get together and help each other without taking into account our
ethical and regional disparities. It is witnessed through media that a small group of people pays efforts to
weaken our bonds of brotherhood by using our ethical and regional differences. Therefore, we should educate
our citizens (Ozturk, 2012).
III. Methodology
Stratified random sampling was used. Total sample size was 200 readers. Mixed research approach was
adopted. The population was comprised of all the readers of the selected articles of the Daily Dawn and the
Daily News newspapers published during the year 2012-2011 in Karachi. The researcher used the stratified
random sampling design along with purposive sampling design. The mode of determining the role of English
newspapers was through a close and careful analysis of the newspaper articles. Questionnaire was major
techniques used for data collection. Data was collected through personal visits. Data was analyzed qualitatively
and quantitatively. Questionnaire and record analysis were main research instruments. Questionnaire was used
for collection of data. Questionnaire was comprised of 31 items. The researcher has used primary and secondary
sources for data collection. The reliability of the research instruments was ensured. Cronbach Alpha determined
reliability based in average correlation among items and it is commonly used for this purpose. Record Analysis
of the articles published in January 2012 to December 2012 in the important newspapers was carried out.
Reliability of Research
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items
.841
21
The calculated value of “r” of social issues was .841. The validity and reliability of the items were
found satisfactory. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The data was analyzed by using SPSS.17
Software. Tables with the frequencies and percentages were used. t-test was used to test hypothesis.
IV. Findings And Conclusion
The purpose of the study was to analyze the articles published in important English newspapers, and
make recommendations for further development and awareness regarding the quality of the articles published in
the daily Dawn and in the News English newspapers. The scope of the study was limited to the readers of the
English newspapers and editors of the newspapers.
After this study, I have had an opportunity to assess the position and status of the articles of the leading
English newspapers of Pakistan. The study critically analyzed social issues published in the article of the Dawn
and the News with 31 item-wise one major hypothesis. The item-wise analysis showed that one major
hypothesis was rejected as viewed by the readers. The result shows that the readers are not satisfied about the
publications of the information concerning the social issues. The study discovered that there is no significant
difference in the adequacies of information related to current social issues. One major hypothesis and 31 items
were formed to analyze the performance of the articles published in leading English newspapers of Pakistan.
One Major accepted hypothesis:-
There is no significant difference in the adequacies of information related to current social issues.
Mixed opinions were found in respect of all the items of the questionnaire:-
1. English newspapers publish the articles about lawlessness in our society.
2. English newspapers publish the articles about corruption in our society.
3. English newspapers articles are showing the truth about social issues.
4. The articles of English newspapers depict the bad forces of society.
5. There is equal importance for both genders (male/female) issues in articles of English newspapers.
6. The issue of child labor is discussed in the article of English newspapers.
7. Corruption in different institutes is discussed in English newspapers articles.
8. The issue of Terrorism is discussed in English newspapers articles.
9. The issue of Target Killings is highlighted in the articles of English newspapers.
10. By reading English newspapers articles the readers acquire the ability to criticize the social issues of
Pakistani society.

A critical analysis of social issues discussed in important English newspapers of Pakistan
DOI: 10.9790/0837-2014141144 www.iosrjournals.org 144 | Page
V. Recommendations
The study found that readers are not satisfied regarding the knowledge of social issues. It is
recommended that the authorities of leading English newspapers should pay heed towards the publication of
information of social issues.
 Newspapers organizations should publish the articles about corruption.
 Newspapers organizations should publish the articles about terrorism.
 Newspapers organizations should publish the articles about safe water.
 Newspapers organizations should publish the articles about child labor.
 Newspapers organizations should publish the articles about lawlessness.
 Newspapers organizations should publish the articles about target killing.
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