Aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of Tuva Republic, southern Siberia, Russia

Abstract

The present study reports 227 Aphyllophoroid fungi from Tuva Republic, southern Siberia, Russia. A total of 211 species are new to the republic. The material was collected during August 2014 and includes some surprising species like Haploporus odorus and Polyporus pseudobetulinus, both known as northern taiga species of old-growth forests. Nominates for the new edition of Red Data Book of Tuva are briefly discussed and some microscopical descriptions and illustrations of unidentified or little known species are given.

Full text

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 53: 51–64 (2016)
http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2016.53.07
INTRODUCTION
The republic of Tuva is situated in southern
Siberia, south of Altay and Sayan Mountains
(Fig. 1). It is one of the most southern regions
of Russian Federation and here the world’s
northernmost deserts meet the Northern Hemi-
sphere’s southernmost tundra zone.
The fungi of the area are poorly known,
like in all arid areas in Eurasia, and before this
study, only 17 species of Aphyllophoroid fungi
were reported from Tuva (Parmasto, 1965; Kõl-
jalg, 1996; Khanminchun et al., 1997; Perova,
1998, 2002; Oorzhak et al., 2003, Spirin et al.,
2016), and only one species (Hericium coralloides
(Scop.: Fr.) Pers.) was included in the Red Data
Book of Tuva (Krasnoborov, 1999). The species
reported in literature but not collected by us, are
still included in the species list below, with the
according literature references. We concentrated
in our study on corticioid, poroid, clavarioid and
hericioid fungi.
The aim of the article was to prepare an
annotated check-list of arid environments of
Tuva Republic, and make proposals of some
new species for the new issue of the Red Data
Book of Tuva.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The material was collected during the XXIII
International Transsiberian mycological expedi-
tion in Tuva 4–26 August 2014. Altogether 834
Aphyllophoroid specimens were collected or
noted. Species like Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.)
Fr. or Phellinus igniarius (L.: Fr.) Quél. were not
always collected, but noted only. The collecting
took place mostly in Uvs-Nuur Depression´s
Strict Nature Reserve close to the Mongolian
border. This area was included in the World
Heritage Sites in 2003 as it is the most impor-
tant place in Central Asia for its concentration
of unstudied archeological artifacts, especially
Aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of Tuva Republic,
southern Siberia, Russia
Heikki Kotiranta1, Anton G. Shiryaev2 & Viacheslav Spirin3
1Finnish Environment Institute, Biodiversity Unit, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
E-mail: heikki.kotiranta@ymparisto.
2Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Vegetation and Mycobiota Biodiversity Department, Ural Division of the Russian
Academy of Science, 8 March str. 202, Ekaterinburg, RU-60144 Russia. E-mail: anton.g.shiryaev@gmail.com
3Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
E-mail: viacheslav.spirin@helsinki.
Abstract: e present study reports 227 Aphyllophoroid fungi from Tuva Republic, southern Siberia, Russia. A total of 211
species are new to the republic. e material was collected during August 2014 and includes some surprising species like
Haploporus odorus and Polyporus pseudobetulinus, both known as northern taiga species of old-growth forests. Nominates
for the new edition of Red Data Book of Tuva are briey discussed and some microscopical descriptions and illustrations of
unidentied or little known species are given.
Keywords: Aphyllophoroid fungi, corticioid fungi, poroid fungi, clavarioid fungi, Tuva
Fig. 1. Tuva in Russian Federation.

52 Folia Cryptog. Estonica
its burial mounds, rock carvings, and stone
sculptures, which are remnants of medieval set-
tlements and Buddhist temples, many of them
being older than the Egyptian pyramids (World
Heritage Conservation 2015).
The central and southern parts of the re-
public are characterized by mountains, steppes
and semi-deserts which are cold in winter, but
warm or hot in summer. The climate is ultrac-
ontinental. In Kyzyl (the capital of Tuva), the
coldest month is January (mean temperature
-28.6°C) and hottest July (+20.4°C), and in Erzin
village the coldest month is January (-29.0°C)
and hottest July (+21.8°C). The mean annual
temperature in Kyzyl is -1.30C, in Erzin -1.9°C.
The mean annual precipitation in Kyzyl is 217
mm, in Erzin 199 mm (Anonymous, 2015). The
deserts in the south of the area, close to the
Mongolian border, are grazed by cows, sheep
and horses and the vegetation is sparse. The
rivers which split the arid deserts are like oasis
with large trees of Populus laurifolia Ledeb., Salix
spp. and Betula spp. intermixed with Hippophaë
rhamnoides L.
The material was identied in Ekaterinburg and
Helsinki, and the specimens are deposited in the
herbaria of University of Helsinki (H) and/or in
the mycological herbarium of the Institute of
Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of the
Russian Sciences, Ekaterinburg (SVER) or in the
reference herbarium of Heikki Kotiranta (H.K.).
The collecting number of collectors Anton G.
Shiryaev (AGS) and Heikki Kotiranta (HK) of at
least one voucher specimen per species is given.
In the text the following abbreviations for the
substrata are used: Ab = Abies sibirica Ledeb.,
Al = Alnus sp., B = Betula spp., C = Caragana
spp., L = Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pic = Picea obo-
vata Ledeb., Psi = Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Psy =
Pinus sylvestris L., Pop = Populus laurifolia, Pru =
Prunus spp., Sal = Salix spp., Ulmus spp. = Ulm.
The decay stage classification (1–5) of tree
trunks is according to Renvall (1995), where
stage 1 means hard dead wood and 5 completely
decayed wood. Trunk diameters were measured
at point of fruit bodies.
The nomenclature of fungi mostly follows
Kotiranta et al. (2009), Bernicchia & Gorjón
(2010) and Ryvarden & Melo (2014). The genus
Hyphodontia J. Erikss. sensu lato is according
to Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2009). Some of the
specimens collected do not t with any species
known to us, and then a brief description is
given. Also specimens, which are rare or devi-
ate somehow from the common species concept,
are briey described. The spores were measured
in Cotton Blue (CB) using phase contrast illu-
mination and oil immersion with a subjective
accuracy of 0.1 µm (see Miettinen et al. 2006).
Other mounting media used were Meltzer’s rea-
gent (MLZ) and 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH).
In the species descriptions ‘CB-‘ means that the
cell wall (spore, hypha) is not cyanophilous, and
‘MLZ-‘ that the spore wall is neither amyloid nor
dextrinoid. The following abbreviations are used
for spores: L = mean spore length, W = mean
spore width, Q = range of the variation in L/W
ratio, Q* = quotients of the mean spore length
and mean spore width (L/W ratio). None of the
measurements derive from spore prints.
The collector HK made eld notes of the sub-
strates, like the diameter and degree of decay.
The collector AGS did not make such eld notes.
However, we feel that it is noteworthy to give
ecological information of selected species from
an area, where practically no other mycologists
have been. If there are many collections/notes
per species no substrata data is given (e.g. Am-
phinema byssoides (Pers.) J. Erikss., Irpex lac-
teus (Fr.) Fr., Laurilia sulcata (Burt) Pouz. etc.).
List of localities
We studied altogether twelve sites (Fig. 2). Most
of the study areas are in the southern and cen-
tral parts of the republic. The study areas are
divided into three groups:
I. Middle-Tuva forests along Yenisei River and
Kyzyl town parks:
1) Valley forests of Yenisei River close to Ser-
ebryanka village (51°42´N, 94°42´E). Betula
sp., Caragana bungei Lebed. and C. spinosa
(L.) Vahl ex Hornem., Populus laurifolia,
Prunus sp., Salix spp., Larix sibirica (cult.),
Pinus sylvestris (cult.).
2) Kyzyl town parks (51°41´N, 94°21´E). Betula
sp., Populus laurifolia, Populus sp., Salix
spp., Ulmus sp.
II. Boreal mountain forests and valley forests
of mountains:
3) Boreal old-growth forest of Larix sibirica on
Sengelen Plateau, Balyk-tykh-khem River
(50°14´N, 96°41´E, alt. 2000 m a.s.l.).

53
4) Sengelen (50°11´N, 95°46´E) and Shuurmak
River valleys (50°37´N, 95°16´E). Betula di-
varicata Ledeb., Larix sibirica, Picea obovata,
Populus laurifolia, Salix spp.
5) Mixed forests around Vladimirovka village
(50°59´N, 95°24´E, 930 m a.s.l.). Betula sp.,
Caragana bungei, C. spinosa, Picea obovata,
Salix spp.
6) Northern slope of Eastern Tannu-Ola Range
along Turgen brook (51°02´N, 94°34´E, 1280
m a.s.l.). Betula sp., Larix sibirica, Salix sp.
7) Balgazyn forest (50°00´N, 95°25´N, 870 m
a.s.l.). Pinus sylvestris (cult.).
III. Steppe – desert habitats of Uvs-Nuur depres-
sion:
8) Tes-Khem River (50°18´N, 94°10´E) close
to Tsuger-Ellis sand dunes, Erzin vil-
lage (50°15´N, 95°10´E), Uvs-Nuur Lake
and small wood close to Tore-Khole Lake
(50°01´N, 95°03´E). Betula sp., Caragana
bungei, C. spinosa, Hippophaë rhamnoides
L., Populus laurifolia, Salix spp.
9) Slopes of Eastern Tannu-Ola Range along
Irbitey (50°44´N, 93°26´E, 970 m a.s.l.),
Khooly (50°43´N, 93°25´E) and Serlik Rivers
(50°44´N, 93°35´E, 1020 m a.s.l.). Populus
laurifolia, Salix spp.
10) Caragana bungei and C. spinosa dominated
steppes close to the lake Tore-Khol (50°06´N,
95°08`E) with single Larix sibirica trees on
Tsuger-Ellis sand dunes.
11) Semi deserts in the surroundings of Uvs-
Nuur Lake (50°40´N, 93°01´E).
12) Semi deserts in the surroundings of Erzin
village (50°15´N, 95°10´E).
LIST OF SPECIES
The species are listed below in alphabetical
order regardless of their taxonomical position;
the taxa which have been published earlier are
marked with an asterisk (*) and those which
were published earlier, but not collected by us
with two asterisks (**).
Aleurodiscus Amorphus (Pers.) J. Schröt. – Ab
branches × 2 (AGS 27676); 4, 5.
AmAurodon viridis (Alb. & Schwein.) J. Schröt. –
unidentied deciduous wood (AGS 27694); 1.
Fig. 2. Collecting sites in Tuva.

54 Folia Cryptog. Estonica
AmphinemA byssoides (Pers.) J. Erikss. – L, Pop,
Sal × 14 (AGS 27736, HK 26583); 3, 4, 5.
AmyloporiA xAnthA (Fr.: Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer
– L, Pic × 7 (AGS 27749, HK 26565); 2, 3, 4.
Amylostereum chAilletii (Pers.) Boidin – L (AGS
27698); 4.
AntrodiA hyAlinA Spirin, Miettinen & Kotir. –
partly corticated Sal, diam. 9 cm, decay
3, corticated Sal, diam. 7 cm, decay 3 (HK
26672, 26680); 9.Note – The smell of fresh
fruit bodies was very similar to that in Ci-
nereomyces lindbladii (Berk) Jülich, in being
strong and pungent.
AntrodiA mAlicolA aff. 1. (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Donk – corticated B (HK 26518); 1.
Note – The Antrodia malicola group is hetero-
geneous and new studies have showed that
there are still undescribed taxa, this being
one of them (Spirin et al., 2016).
AntrodiA minutA Spirin – corticated Sal branch,
diam. 5 cm, decay 2 (HK 26705); 8.
Note – This is the most easternmost record
of A. minuta (Ryvarden & Melo, 2014).
AntrodiA rAmentAceA (Berk. & Broome) Donk
– corticated Psy, diam. 7 cm, decay 3 (HK
26836); 7.
Notes – Hyphal system dimitic or pseudo
trimitic; subiculum consists predominantly
of clamped generative hyphae, a few skeletal
hyphae and very few binding hyphae. Trama
is dominated by sub solid skeletal hyphae
3 µm wide, slightly swelling in KOH and
generative hyphae. Basidia clavate, basally
clamped (15–)17–23(–27) × 5.5–7(–7.5) µm
with four, up to 4 µm long thin sterigmata.
Spores cylindrical, tapering towards the api-
cal end, (6–)6.3–7.4(–7.8) × 2.8–3.4 µm, L =
6.8 µm, W = 3.1 µm, Q = 2–2.6, Q* = 2.2 (n
= 30). Thick-walled (CB-) chlamydospores,
5–7.5 × 4–4.5 µm at the margin of the fruit
body are born in subiculum.
AntrodiA rAmentAceA does not belong to Antrodia
Donk sensu stricto (Spirin et al. 2013) where
the species are characterized by large ba-
sidia and skeletal hyphae (“skeletocystidia”)
penetrating into the hymenium. We have not
seen before A. ramentacea with masses of
chlamydospores.
AntrodiA sinuosA (Fr.) P. Karst. – L, Psy × 7 (AGS
27710, HK 26785); 2, 6, 7.
*AntrodiA tuvensis Spirin, Vlasák & Kotir. –
decorticated Pop, diam. 6 cm, decay 2 (HK
26735, holotype); 1.
Reported earlier by Spirin et al. (2016).
AphAnobAsidium pseudotsugAe (Burt) Boidin &
Gilles – decorticated L roots, diam. 16 cm,
decay 3 × 5 (HK 26592, 26610); 3.
Aporpium cAnescens (P. Karst.) Bondartsev &
Singer – decorticated Pop, diam. 17 cm,
decay 2 (HK 26523); 1.
Note – For the current nomenclature and
taxonomy see Miettinen et al. (2012).
Artomyces pyxidAtus (Pers.) Jülich – Pop, Psy ×
6 (AGS 27651); 1, 4, 7, 8.
AtheliA decipiens (Höhn. & Litsch.) J. Erikss. – L
(AGS 27724); 1.
AuriscAlpium vulgAre Gray – Psy cones (AGS
27686); 1.
bAsidiorAdulum rAdulA (Fr.) Nobles – corticated
Al × 2 (AGS 27732); 1, 5.
bjerkAnderA AdustA (Willd.) P. Karst. – corticated
Al, B, Pop, Sal × 30 (AGS 27680, HK 26561);
1, 2, 4, 8, 9.
botryobAsidium botryoideum (Overh.) Parmasto
– corticated, charred L, diam. 14 cm, decay
3 (HK 26784); 6.
botryobAsidium isAbellinum (Fr.) D.P. Rogers –
decorticated Pop, diam. 24 cm, decay 2 (HK
26698); 8.
botryobAsidium subcoronAtum (Höhn. & Litsch.)
Donk – Al, Psy × 6 (AGS 27704, HK 26812);
1, 5, 7.
botry odontiA mill Avensis (Bourdot & Galzin)
Duhem & H. Michel. – decorticated Pru,
diam. 6, decay 1 (HK 26529, 26531, 26736,
26750); 1, decorticated Pop branch, diam.
8 cm, decay 1 (HK 26696); 8.
ceriporiA bresAdolAe (Bourd. & Galz.) Donk –
decorticated Psy, diam. 14 cm, decay 1 (HK
26824); 7.
Notes – Basidiome annual, resupinate,
relatively hard; pore surface purplish, pores
roundish, upon drying partly splitting, 2–4/
mm. Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae
simple septate, in subiculum 4–5 µm wide.
Basidia clavate, seldom cylindrical, 19–23
× 5–6 µm, with four sterigmata. Spores al-
lantoid or subcylindrical, slightly curved,
thin-walled, CB-, MLZ-, (6–)6.3–7.7(–7.9) ×
(1.9–)2–2.2(–2.3) µm, L = 7 µm, W = 2.1 µm,
Q = 3–3.85, Q* = 3.4 (n = 30).
Unlike the very similar C. purpurea, C.
bresadolae grows almost exclusively on very
hard, decorticated conifers, often on sunny
exposed sites and we have seen it several
times in Siberia, especially around the Lake

55
Baykal. In Europe it has been reported e.g.
from Pinus halepensis
Mill. (Pieri & Rivoire 1997).
ceriporiA purpureA (Fr.) Donk – Sal × 3 (AGS
27719); 4, 5, 7.
ceriporiA viridAns (Berk. & Br.) Donk – decorticat-
ed, Sal, diam. 9 cm, decay 3 (HK 26799); 5.
cerrenA unicolor (Bull.) Murrill – B, Pop, Sal ×
20 (AGS 27650, HK 26538); 1, 2, 4, 8, 10.
chAetodermA lunA (Romell ex D.P. Rogers & H.S.
Jacks.) Parmasto – L, Psy, × 7 (AGS 27707,
HK 26574); 3, 7.
chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar – B ×
4 (AGS 27671, HK 26770); 2, 6, 8.
clAvAriA ArgillAceA Pers. – on soil × 4 (AGS
27716); 1, 3, 4.
clAvAriA fAlcAtA Pers. – on soil × 2 (AGS 27746); 6.
clAvAriA fumosA Pers.: Fr. – on soil (AGS 27767);
4.
clAvAriA greletii Boud. – on soil among grasses
and mosses (AGS 27675); 1.
clAvAriA sphAgnicolA Boud. – on mosses (AGS
27701); 3.
clAvAriAdelphus ligulA (Schaeff.) Donk – L and
Psy needles × 5 (AGS 27769); 3, 5, 6.
clAvulinA cinereA (Bull.) J. Schröt. – on soil × 6
(AGS 27739); 1, 7, 8.
clAvulinA corAlloides (L.) J. Schröt. – on soil ×
5 (AGS 27683); 2, 5, 6.
clAvulinopsis corniculAtA (Schaeff.) Corner – on
soil × 3 (AGS 27666); 1, 4, 6.
clAvulinopsis helvolA (Pers.) Corner – on soil and
mosses × 3 (AGS 27750); 3, 4.
clAvulinopsis lAeticolor (Berk. & M.A. Curt.)
R.H. Petersen – on soil and litter × 2 (AGS
27761); 4.
coltriciA perennis (L.) Murrill – on soil (AGS
27697); 7.
coniophorA AridA (Fr.) P. Karst. – decorticated Psy
(cult.) diam. 13 cm, decay 1 (HK 26732); 1,
decorticated Psy, diam. 9 cm, decay 4 (HK
26810b); 7.
coniophorA olivAceA (Fr.) P. Karst. – decorticated
Psy, diam. 16 cm, decay 2 (HK 26817,
26835); 7.
coniophorA puteAnA (Schumach.) P. Karst. –
decorticated Psy, diam. 7 cm, decay 2 (HK
26831); 7.
corticium roseum Pers.: Fr. – corticated Pop
branch, diam. 0.6 cm, decay 1 (HK 26563); 4.
cylindrobAsidium torrendii (Bres.) Hjortstam –
corticated B branch, diam. 2 cm, decay 1
(HK 26729); 1.
cytidiA sAlicinA (Fr.) Burt – corticated Pop, Sal ×
4 (AGS 27728, HK 26564); 3, 4.
dAedAleopsis confrAgosA (Bolton) J. Schröt. – Sal
× 22 (AGS 27688, HK 26535); 1, 2, 4, 5, 8.
dAedAleopsis tri color (Bull.) Bondartsev &
Singer – B × 8 (AGS 27748, HK 26759); 4, 6.
dAtroniA mollis (Sommerf.) Donk – B, Sal × 3
(AGS 27770); 4, 8.
dendrothele commixtA (Höhn. & Litsch.) J.
Erikss. & Ryvarden – Sal (AGS 27796); 4.
dichomitus squAlens (P. Karst.) D.A. Reid – L, Pic
× 21 (AGS 27655, HK 26566); 1, 2, 4, 5, 10.
exidiopsis cAlceA (Pers.: Fr.) K. Wells – corticiated
L, diam. 8 cm, decay 3 × 2 (HK 26586); 4.
fibrodontiA cf. subcerAceA Hallenb. – decorti-
cated Pop, diam. 17 cm, decay 2 (HK 26524,
26525); 1, decorticated L, diam. 10, decay 2,
decorticated Pop, diam. 9 cm, decay 1 (HK
26629, 26635); 4, 8, (HK 26685, 26686,
26694); 9.
Notes – Basidiome annual, resupinate,
odontioid with conical aculei which some-
times fuse together, creamish white to
pale ochraceous, cracking when dry. Some
specimens (HK 26525) with rhizomorphs.
Hyphal system dimitic, with thick-walled,
clamped generative hyphae and skeletal
hyphae in subiculum, 2.5–3 µm in diam.,
CB-, in trama generative hyphae thin-walled
in CB, encrusted, 2.5–4 µm wide and a few
skeletal hyphae. Apical apices consist of
thin-walled, encrusted generative hyphae up
to 5 µm wide. No cystidia observed. Basidia
basally clamped, subclavate, 17–28(–30) ×
(4.5–)5.5–6 µm with four sterigmata. Spores
ellipsoid or oblong ellipsoid, thin-walled,
CB-, MLZ-, 4–4.8 × 2.5–3 µm, L = 4.4 µm,
W = 2.7 µm, Q = 1.4–1.7, Q* = 1.6 (n = 10,
HK 26524), (5.1–)5.4–6.7 × 2.5–2.9 µm, L =
5.8 µm, W = 2.7 µm, Q = 2–2.7, Q* = 2.2 (n
= 10, HK 26635).
Hallenberg (1978) described F. subceracea
from North Iran. Our specimens t with the
description, except the length of spores in
some specimens, e.g. HK 26635. According
to Hallenberg the spores are 4–5.5 × 2.5–3.5
µm and therefore we are not quite sure about
the identity of our specimens.
fomes fomentArius (L.: Fr.) Fr. – B, Pop, Sal ×
80 (AGS 27789, HK 26513); 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,
8, 9, 10.
fomitopsis cAjAnderi (P. Karst.) Kotl. & Pouzar –
Pic × 2 (AGS 27744, HK 26792); 5.

56 Folia Cryptog. Estonica
fomitopsis pinicolA (Sw.) P. Karst. – (AGS ); B, L,
Pic, Psy × 13 (AGS 27679, HK 26569); 4, 5, 6.
fomitopsis roseA (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst. – Pic
× 2 (AGS 27700, HK 26662); 4, 5.
funAliA trogii (Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer –
Pop, Sal × 16 (AGS 27774, HK 26515); 1,
2, 4, 8, 9.
gAnodermA ApplAnAtum (Pers.) Pat. – B, L Pop,
Sal × 7 (AGS 27772, HK 26519); 1, 2, 8, 9.
**gAnodermA lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.
Reported by Perova (1998, 2002), but not
collected by us.
gelAtoporiA pAnnocinctA (Romell) Niemelä –
corticated Pop, diam. 27 cm, decay 4 (HK
26546); 8.
globulicium hiemAle (Laurila) Hjortstam – L, Psy
× 3 (AGS 27691, HK 26608); 3, 5.
gloeophyllum odorAtum (Wulfen) Imazeki – Pic
(AGS 27742); 5.
gloeophyllum protrActum (Fr.) Imazeki – L, Pic,
Psy × 3 (HK 26567); 3, 4, 7.
gloeophyllum sepiArium (Wulfen) P. Karst. – L,
Pic, Psy × 8 (AGS 27793, HK 26568); 1, 2,
4, 6.
gloeophyllum trAbeum (Pers.) Murrill – decor-
ticated Pop, diam. 14 cm, decay 1 × 2 (HK
26637); 1, 4.
gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.) Bres. – B, Pop, Sal
× 10 (AGS 27754, HK 26517); 1, 8, 9, 10.
gyrophAnopsis polonensis (Bres.) Stalpers & P.K.
Buchanan (Hypochnicium polonense (Bres.)
Å. Strid) – B (AGS 27706); 4.
hApAlopilus rutilAns (Pers.) Murrill – Al, B, Sal ×
5 (AGS 27723, HK 26753); 1, 6, 8.
hAploporus odorus (Sommerf.) Bondartsev &
Singer – Sal (AGS 27652, HK 26706); 8.
Notes – In North Europe and Russia, H.
odorus is known as an old-forest dwelling
taiga species which grows almost solely on
Salix caprea L. Therefore it was surprising
to nd it on a trunk of a long leaved Salix,
maybe S. viminalis L. in a river-side thicket
in arid area.
*hericium corAlloides (Scop.) Pers. – decorti-
cated B × 2 (AGS 27673); 1, 4.
In Red Data Book of Tuva (Krasnoborov,
1999).
heterobAsidion pArviporum Niemelä & Korhonen
– Pic (AGS 27776); 5.
hydnellum ferrugineum (Fr.) P. Karst. – on soil
in Psy plantation (AGS 27794): 7.
hymenochAete tAbAcinA (Sowerby) Lév. – Al, Sal
× 4 (AGS 27726, HK 26663); 1, 4.
hyphodermA aff. obtusum J. Erikss. – decorticat-
ed Pic, diam. 30 cm, decay 3 (HK 26570); 4.
Notes – Basidiome resupinate, relatively
thick and hard, resupinate, smooth,
cracking when dry, cream coloured with a
ochraceous hue. Hyphal system monomitic,
hyphae clamped, thin-walled (2.5–)3–4 µm
wide, often covered with crystals. Gloeocys-
tidia with homogenous contents, clavate,
apically obtuse, not projecting over the hy-
menium, sometimes with a long stalk (up to
15 µm), 40–57(–67) × (6.5–)7–10(–10.5) µm.
Hyphidia common between the basidia, 2–3
µm in diam. Basidia suburniform, basally
clamped, (21–)30–36 × 6–7 µm, with four, up
to 6 µm long sterigmata. Spores ellipsoid to
broadly ellipsoid, thin-walled, CB-, MLZ-,
(6.3–)6.5–8.1(–10) × 4–4.7(–5.2) µm, L = 7.2
µm, W = 4.4 µm, Q = 1.5–1.9, Q =* 1.6 (n =
30).
Our specimen resembles Hyphoderma ob-
tusum J. Erikss., but the latter has larger
spores, viz. (7–)8–9(–10) × 5–6(–8) µm, larger
cystidia and no hyphidia between the ba-
sidia (Eriksson & Ryvarden, 1975).
hyphodermA setigerum coll. (Fr.) Donk – corti-
cated Sal stump, diam. 18 cm, decay 4 (HK
26806); 5.
hyphodermA sibiricum (Parmasto) J. Erikss. & Å.
Strid – L, Pic × 4 (AGS 27711, HK 26593);
3, 5.
hyphodermellA rosAe (Bres.) Nakasone – decor-
ticated Pop branch, diam. 3 cm, decay 2
(HK 26737); 1.
Notes – Basidiome thin, resupinate, hypoch-
noid, more or less smooth, partly tufted (×
50), pale ochre coloured. Hyphal system
monomitic, hyphae thin-walled, simple sep-
tate, 2.5–3.5 µm wide. Hyphae in tufts heav-
ily encrusted, apically often widened, 4.5–8
µm wide. Basidia basally simple septate,
subcylindrical, 25–32.5 × 5.5–7 µm with four
sterigmata. Spores ellipsoid, thin- or slightly
thick-walled, CB-, MLZ-, 5.9–7.2(–7.5) ×
4–4.7(–5) µm, L = 6.6. µm, W = 4.3 µm, Q =
1.3 – 1.8, Q* = 1.5 (n = 20).
According to Bernicchia & Gorjón (2010) the
basidiome of H. rosae is subceraceous to
ceraceous, odontioid unlike our specimen.
inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst. – Ulm (cult.)
(AGS 27775); 2.
inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát – B × 4
(AGS 27731, HK 26691); 1, 8.

57
inonotus rAdiAtus (Sowerby) P. Karst. – Al, Sal ×
2 (AGS 27766); 1, 8.
inonotus rheAdes (Pers.) Bondartsev & Singer –
Pop (AGS 27799); 1.
intextomyces contiguus (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. &
Ryvarden – partly decorticated Sal, diam.
5cm, decay 1, corticated Pru branch, diam.
3.5 cm, decay 2 (HK 26536, 26744, 26747,
26751): 1, partly corticated Sal, diam. 4.5
cm, decay 2 (HK 26794); 5.
irpex lActeus (Fr.) Fr. – B, C, Pop, Pru, Sal × 17
(AGS 27711, HK 26532); 1, 2, 6, 8, 9.
irpicodon pendulus (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar –
decorticated L stump (AGS 27667); 1.
ischnodermA cf. resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst. –
corticated Sal stump, diam, 18 cm, decay 4
(HK 26807); 5.
junghuhniA collAbens (Fr.) Ryvarden – decorti-
cated Pic (AGS 27784); 5.
lAetiporus montAnus Tomsovský & Jankovský – L
(AGS 27756); 6.
*lAricifomes officinAlis (Vill.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar
– L × 4 (AGS 27782, HK 26625); 4, 5.
Reported earlier by Oorzhak & al. (2003).
lAxitextum bicolor (Pers.) Lentz – B (AGS 27702);
4.
lAuriliA sulcAtA (Burt) Pouzar – L × 11 (AGS
27670, HK 26573); 4, 5.
lentAriA byssisedA Corner – Pic, Psy × 4 (AGS
27787); 5, 6, 7.
lentAriA dendroideA (O.R. Fr.) J.H. Petersen – on
litter and mosses in coniferous forest × 2
(AGS 27738); 3, 6.
lentAriA surculus (Berk.) Corner – Pop (AGS
27696); 9.
leptosporomyces fuscostrAtus (Burt) Hjortstam
– decorticated L, diam. 11 cm, decay 4 × 3
(HK 26596, 26601); 3.
leptosporomyces gAlzinii (Bourdot) Jülich – de-
corticated Psy, diam. 10 cm, decay 2 (HK
26820); 7.
leucogyrophAnA romellii Ginns – decorticated L,
diam. 13, decay 2 (HK 26619); 3.
litschAuerellA clemAtitis (Bourdot & Galzin) J.
Erikss. & Ryvarden – decorticated L, diam.
14 cm, decay 4 (HK 26612), decorticated L,
diam. 13 cm, decay 3 (HK 26624); 3.
lyomyces erAstii (Saaren. & Kotir.) Hjortstam &
Ryvarden – decorticated L branch, diam. 10
cm, decay 1 (HK 26631); 4.
lyomyces sAmbuci (Pers.) J. Erikss. – Pop × 3
(AGS 27715, HK 26700); 8, 9.
lyomyces sAmbuci coll. (Pers.) P. Karst. – decor-
ticated Pop, diam. 14 cm, decay 2 × 2 (HK
26671, 26687); 9.
Notes – Basidiome resupinate, fairly thick,
subceraceous, smooth, white like L. sam-
buci. Cystidia of two kinds: 1) capitate,
heavily encrusted, (20–)25–55(–58) × (3.5–
)4–5.5(–6.5) µm, and 2) subulate, heavily
encrusted, of the same length as the capitate
ones. Basidioles heavily encrusted, like the
bases of mature subcylindrical basidia,
18–22 × 4–5 µm with four, up to 4 µm long
sterigmata. Spores ellipsoid, thin- to very
slightly thick-walled, CB- (very faintly CB+),
4.5–5.7(–6.2) × 3–4(–4.1) µm, L = 5.2 µm, W
= 3.6 µm, Q = 1.3 – 1.9, Q* = 1.4 (n = 20,
HK 26671), (4.8–)5–5.9 × (3.1–)3.2–3.8(–4.2)
µm, L = 5.2 µm, W = 3.5 µm, Q = 1.3 – 1.6,
Q* = 1.5 (n = 20, HK 26687).
The heavily encrusted basidioles and bases
of basidia are like covered with sugary
pruina, not familiar to L. sambuci. The shape
and size of spores of L. sambuci are very alike
(Kotiranta & Saarenoksa 2000), but in our
specimens not so thick-walled.
mAcrotyphulA junceA (Alb. & Schwein.) Berthier
– buried B branches and twigs × 4 (AGS
27709); 1, 4, 6, 8.
megAlocystidium leucoxAnthum (Bres.) Jülich
– corticated Sal, diam. 4 cm, decay 2 (HK
26667); 4.
meruliopsis tAxicolA (Pers.: Fr.) Bondartsev – Psy
(AGS 27765); 7.
“monilicystidium ochrAceum” – decorticated Pop
branch, diam. 16 cm, decay 1, decorticated
Pop, diam. 25 cm, decay 3, decorticated Pop,
diam. 40 cm, decay 1 (HK 26683, 26684,
26688); 9. (Figs. 3 and 4).
Notes – Basidiome annual, resupinate, rela-
tively thin, pellicular, at rst whitish, later
pale ochraceous, at rst porose reticulate,
later irregularly granulose (×50), when dry
cracking and showing the loose white subic-
ulum, easily detachable from the substrate,
margin thinning out, minutely brous or
distinct.
Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae clamped,
in subiculum very variable in width, 1–5.5
µm, thin-walled, some faintly cyanophilous;
subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, 1.5–2 µm
wide; gloeocystidia abundant, green in CB,
olive brownish green in KOH, golden yellow
in MLZ, moniliform, often stalked; stalk up
to 35 µm long, 2–3 µm wide, with up to eight

58 Folia Cryptog. Estonica
constrictions and nine “pearls”, but nor-
mally less than ve constrictions, sometimes
apically furcate, often with an basal appen-
dice, (23–)32–65(–77) × (4.5–)5–7.5(–10) µm;
basidia basally clamped, subcylindrical or
clavate, (10–)12–15(–16) × 3.5–4 µm, with
2–4, up to 5 µm long sterigmata; spores
smooth, cylindrical – narrowly ellipsoid –
subfusiform, often glued in pairs or tetrads,
thin-walled, CB-, MLZ-, KOH-, 4–5(–5.3) ×
2–2.7(–3) µm, L = 4.6 µm, W = 2.4 µm, Q =
1.4–2.3, Q* = 2 (n = 60/2).
Macroscopically “M. ochraceum” has no
distinctive features, but microscopically it
is easily separated from all other species
known by us. The numerous moniliform
gloeocystidia, relatively small spores which
do not react in CB or MLZ, makes the species
easy to identify. Moreover, the very variable
width of hyphae of the loose subiculum is
characteristic. In microscope it resembles
somewhat the species of the genus Gloeo-
cystidiellum s.lato, which, however have
amyloid spores and none of them have
moniliform gloeocystidia or so small basidia.
The spores are so often glued together that
it is difcult to measure solitary ones. Many
of the spores have the shape close to Fibri-
cium rude (P. Karst.) Jülich (see Eriksson &
Ryvarden 1975, p. 156).
Even if we do not have yet an opinion of the
genus for our specimens, we made this de-
scription for those researchers who maybe
have found something similar, or know what
the taxon is.
mucronellA cAlvA (Alb. & Schwein) Fr. – L, Pic
× 2 (AGS 27792); 4, 6.
osteinA obductA (Berk.) Donk – at base of L (AGS
27654); 6.
peniophorA cinereA (Pers.: Fr.) Cooke – Artemisia
sp., Sal × 2 (AGS 27791); 9, 10.
peniophorA mAnshuricA Parmasto – corticated
B branch, diam. 3, decay 1 × 2 (HK 26723,
26724); 1. (Fig. 5).
Notes – In the eld P. manshurica looks like
P. quercina (Pers.: Fr.) W.B. Cooke, and ac-
cording to Parmasto & Parmasto (1987), it
is common in Russian Far East on branches
of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and
rarely on other deciduous trees. The spores
of P. manshurica are small, 6–6.4(–6.7) ×
2.2–2.5 µm (n = 10, HK 26723), in con-
trary to those of P. quercina, viz. 7.5–13 ×
(2.4–)3–3.5(–4.2) (Yurchenko 2010).
peniophorA nudA (Fr.) Bres. – corticated Pru
branch, diam. 1.3 cm, decay 1 (HK 26745);
1.
Fig. 3. Section through “Monilicystidium ochra-
ceum”, showing the loose subiculum with hy-
phae of very variable width, subhymenium, hy-
menium with moniliform gloeocystidia, basidia
and spores (Kotiranta 26683). Scale bar = 10 µm.
Fig. 4. Details of “Monilicystidium ochraceum”.
a: Gloeocystidia and basidia. – b: Spores. (Koti-
ranta 26683). Scale bar = 10 µm (a), scale bar
= 5 µm (b).

59
peniophorellA pAllidA (Bres.) K.H. Larss. – de-
corticated L, diam. 29 cm, decay 4 (HK
26616); 3.
peniophorellA prAetermissA (P. Karst.) K.H.
Larss. – decorticated Pru, diam. 5 cm, decay
2 (HK 26533); 1, decorticated Psy, diam. 14
cm, decay 3 (HK 26826, 26827); 7.
phAnerochAete aff. globosA H. Lin & Z.C. Chen.
– decorticated Pop, diam. 4.5 cm, decay 1
(HK 26562); 4.
Notes – Basidiome resupinate, fairly thin,
subpellicular, almost Athelioid, at the be-
ginning white, later with pale brownish
spots. Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae
simple septate, except a few on basal
hyphae. Subicular hyphae with slightly
thickened walls, sparsely clamped, up to
11 µm wide, but commonly about 7 µm in
diam., somewhat encrusted. Cystidia very
few, tubular, obtuse, thin-walled up to 70
× 6 µm, not encrusted. Basidia cylindrical,
basally simple septate, (22–)25–30 × 5.5–7
µm with four sterigmata. Spores broadly el-
lipsoid to pyriform, thin-walled, CB-, MLZ-,
with a prominent apiculus, (5.6–)6–7.8(8) ×
(4.1–)4.5–5.7(–6) µm, L = 6.7 µm, W = 4.9
µm, Q = 1.3 – 1.6, Q* = 1.4 (n = 30).
The only described Phanerochaete species
with broadly ellipsoid or pyriform spores
with a prominent apiculus known by us is
P. globosa. However, according to the de-
scription (Lin & Chen 1990), the spores are
subglobose or globose, 5–6 × 4 µm, hyphae
clamped, 3–4 µm wide and instead of cys-
tidia there are paraphyses, which are ventri-
cose or capitate, 16–25 × 4–6 µm. Hjortstam
(2000) is in the opinion that P. globosa could
rather belong to Candelabrochaete Boidin.
phAnerochAete mAgnoliAe (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Burds.– on dead Fomes fomentarius/corti-
cated B, diam. 23 cm, decay 2 (HK 26721); 1.
Note – The identity of the specimen was con-
rmed by DNA sequences. For the current
nomenclature and taxonomy the reader is
referred to Volobuev et. al. (2015).
phAnerochAete sordidA (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. &
Ryvarden – corticated B branch, diam. 5 cm,
decay 3, partly charred, decorticated Pop,
diam. 13 cm, decay 1 (HK 26730, 26739); 1.
phellinus Abietis s.str. (P. Karst.) H. Jahn – L ×
3 (AGS 27759, HK 26603); 3, 6.
phellinus cinereus (Niemelä) Parmasto – B × 4
(AGS 27798, HK 26539); 1, 4, 8, 10.
phellinus conchAtus (Pers.) Quél. – living corti-
cated Sal, diam. 16 cm (HK 26752); 1.
phellinus ferrugineofuscus (P. Karst.) Bourdot
& Galzin – corticated L (AGS 27735, HK
26780); 6.
phellinus hippopAëicolA H. Jahn – living Hip-
pophaë rhamnoides × 8 (AGS 27713, HK
26554); 1, 8, 9.
phellinus igniArius (L.) Quél. – living Sal × 45
(AGS 27693, HK 26514); 2, 5, 8, 9.
phellinus lAevigAtus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Gal-
zin – B, Pru (AGS 27753, HK 26746); 1, 4.
phellinus nigrolimitAtus (Romell) Bourdot &
Galzin – decorticated L, diam. 11, decay 4
(HK 26575, 26589); 3.
phellinus punctAtus (P. Karst.) Pilát – corticated
Sal, diam. 2, decay 3 (HK 26670); 4, corticat-
ed Sal, diam. 6 cm, decay 3 (HK 26801); 5.
phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin
– C × 2 (AGS 27689, HK 26544); 8, 10.
phellinus tremulAe (Bondartsev) Bondartsev &
P.N. Borisov – Pop (AGS 27669); 1.
phellinus viticolA (Schwein.) Donk – decorti-
cated, charred Psy, diam. 10 cm, decay 3
(HK 26830); 7.
phlebiA AlbofibrillosA aff. Hjortstam & Ryvarden
– corticated Pop, diam. 6 cm, decay 2 (HK
28548); 8.
Notes – Basidiome resupinate, closely
adnate, hydnoid, with up to 0.5 mm long
sharp-pointed aculei, fragile, cream col-
oured with whitish, distinct margin. Hyphal
system monomitic, all hyphae clamped.
Subicular hyphae thin- to slightly thick-
walled, (2.5–)3–5 µm in diam., sometimes
even up 7.5–9 µm wide, tramal hyphae
Fig. 5. Peniophora manshurica Parmasto grow-
ing on Betula sp. in situ. (Photo Kotiranta).

60 Folia Cryptog. Estonica
slightly thick-walled, 2–3 µm wide, in apical
apices often swollen, 5.5–6 µm wide. Cys-
tidia, or cystidia-looking, heavily encrusted
hyphal ends penetrate into the hymenium.
Basidia subclavate to subcylindrical, basally
clamped, (15–)18–21 5 µm with four sterig-
mata. Spores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid,
thin-walled, CB-, MLZ-, 3.3–4.3(–4.8) ×
(2–)2.2–2.7(–2.9) µm, L = 3.8 µm, W = 2.5
µm, Q = 1.2–1.8, Q* = 1.5 (n = 30).
Our specimen does t with any species
known by us, but P. albobrillosa has some
features which resemble our specimen. The
hydnoid basidiome and colour are similar,
but according to Hjortstam & Ryvarden
(1984), the hyphae of P. albobrillosa are
only about 3 µm wide, cystidia thick-walled
and spores subglobose or seldom globose,
4–4.5(–5) × 3.5–4 µm, thus being larger and
differently shaped in comparison to our
specimen.
phlebiA lividA (Pers.) Bres. – decorticated Psy,
diam. 9 cm, decay 4 (HK 26833); 7.
phlebiA nitidulA (P. Karst.) Ryvarden – corticated
Sal, diam. 3, decay 2 (HK 26664); 4.
phlebiA setulosA (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nakasone
– decorticated Pru, diam. 2.5 cm, decay 1,
decorticated Pop, diam. 14 cm, decay 1 (HK
26530, 26733, 26738); 1, decorticated B
diam. 5 cm, decay 2 (HK 26537), corticated
Pop branch, diam. 2.5 cm, decay 1 (HK
26550), decorticated Pop branch, diam. 2
cm, decay 1 (HK 26551, 26697); 8.
phlebiA tremellosA (Schrad.) Nakasone & Burds.
– B (AGS 27764); 1.
piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst. – B × 3 (AGS
27785); 1, 4, 8.
plicAturA crispA (Pers.) Rea – cut, corticated B,
diam. 11 cm, decay 2 (HK 26641); 4.
polyporus ArculArius Rostk. – C, Ulm × 2 (AGS
27779); 2, 10.
polyporus bAdius (Pers.) Schwein. – Pop (AGS
27795); 2.
polyporus ciliAtus Fr. – Al (AGS 27703); 4.
polyporus leptocephAlus (Jacq. : Fr.) Fr. – Pop,
Sal × 5 (AGS 27682, HK 26639); 1, 2, 4, 8, 9.
polyporus melAnopus (Pers.) Fr. – decorticated
Sal, diam. 3 cm, decay 1 (HK 26640); 4.
polyporus pseudobetulinus (Murashk. ex Pilát)
Thorn, Kotir. & Niemelä (Favolus pseudobet-
ulinus (Murashk. ex Pilát) Sotome & T. Hatt.)
– corticated Sal (AGS 27741, HK 26681); 9.
Note – The host tree of P. pseudobetulinus
in Europe is mostly Populus tremula and it
grows in old-growth forests, very different
from the habitat here. However, we have
seen P. pseudobetulinus in Salix woods (on
Salix) also along Lena River in Republic of
Sakha (Yakutia) in Russian Far East.
*polyporus rhizophilus Pat. – on soil in steppe
(AGS 27747); 10.
Reported earlier by Khanminchun et al.
(1997) and Perova (2001).
porostereum spAdiceum (Pers.) Hjortstam & Ry-
varden – corticated Sal, diam. 8 cm, decay
2 (HK 26710); 8.
postiA cAesiA (Schrad.) P. Karst. – Psy timber ×
5 (AGS 27762); 7.
postiA cAesiA coll. (Schrad.) P. Karst. – decorti-
cated Psy, diam. 9, decay 4 (HK 26810); 7.
Note – This specimen bears strange, arbori-
form gloeocystidia.
pseudomerulius Aureus (Fr.) Jülich – Psy (AGS
27674); 7.
**pseudotomentellA tristis (P. Karst.) M.J.
Larsen
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
pterulA grAcilis (Desm. & Berk.) Corner – decay-
ing wet grasses and leaves × 4 (AGS 27718);
1, 3, 5.
pterulA multifidA (Chevall.) Fr. – on litter in
mixed forest × 2 (AGS 27817); 1, 6.
pycnoporus cinnAbArinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. – B ×
2 (AGS 27804, HK 26555); 2, 8.
rAdulomyces confluens (Fr.) M.P. Christ. –
corticated C, diam. 1 cm, decay 2 × 2 (HK
26541); 5, 8.
*rAmAriA AbietinA (Pers.) Quél. – on needle litter
in L and Psy (cult.) forests × 4 (AGS 27760);
3, 5, 6, 7.
Reported earlier by Parmasto (1965).
rAmAriA corrugAtA (P. Karst.) Schild – on Pic
litter × 2 (AGS 27695); 4, 5.
rAmAriA eumorphA (P. Karst.) Corner – on litter in
L Psy forest × 2 (AGS 27811); 3, 7.
rAmAriA flAccidA (Fr.) Bourdot – on litter in mixed
forest × 3 (AGS 27745); 1, 4, 5.
rAmAriA flAvescens (Schaeff.) R.H. Petersen – on
soil in Pic forest (AGS 27727); 4.
rAmAriA roellinii Schild – on mosses in open
timberline forest (AGS 27809); 3.
Note – This is the easternmost record of R.
roellinii in Eurasia (Shiryaev 2014).
rAmAriA strictA (Pers.) Quél. sensu lato. – on
litter and decayed buried wood × 3 (AGS
27653); 1, 6, 7.

61
rAmAriopsis minutulA (Bourdot & Galzin) R.H.
Petersen – on soil in mixed forest and C
dominated steppe × 2 (AGS 27714); 1, 8.
rAmAriopsis pulchellA (Boud.) Corner – on soil
in Psy meadow (AGS 27751); 7.
rAmAriopsis tenuirAmosA Corner – on soil and
litter × 2 (AGS 27687); 1, 6.
rigidoporus corticolA (Fr.) Pouzar – Pop (AGS
27790); 1.
schizophyllum Amplum (Lév.) Nakasone – Pop
(AGS 27790); 4.
schizophyllum commune Fr. – B, Pop, Pru, Sal ×
32 (AGS 27757, HK 26528); 1, 6, 8, 9, 10.
schizoporA flAviporA (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex
W.B. Cooke) Ryvarden – decorticated B,
diam. 11 cm, decay 4 × 2 (HK 26645); 4,
corticated B, diam. 10 cm, decay 2 (HK
26757, 26763); 6.
schizoporA pArAdoxA (Schrad.: Fr.) Donk – B
(AGS 27758); 1.
scopuloides rimosA (Cooke) Jülich – decorticated
Pop, diam. 50 cm, decay 2 (HK 26516); 2,
decorticated Sal, diam. 10 cm, decay 2 (HK
26796, 26803); 5.
sistotremA brinkmAnnii (Bres.) J. Erikss. – B
ranch, rotten Hydnellum ferrugineum,
charred L × 3 (HK 26655); 4, on dead Dae-
daleopsis tricolor/corticated B branch, diam.
2, decay 3 × 2 (HK 26758, 26772); 6, 7.
sistotremA muscicolA (Pers.) S. Lundell – on Psi
litter (AGS 27814); 4.
sistotremA octosporum (J. Schröt. ex Höhn. &
Litsch.) Hallenb. – decorticated Sal, diam. 9
cm, decay 3 (HK 26797); 5.
sistotremAstrum guttuliferum Melo, M. Dueñas,
Telleria & M.P. Martini – charred, corticated
L, diam. 13 cm, decay 3 (HK 26776); 6.
sistotremellA aff. perpusillA Hjortstam – decorti-
cated L, diam. 13 cm, decay 2 (HK 26620); 3.
Note – Kotiranta & Shiryaev (2016) reported
a similar, small-spored Sistotremella from
Tunguska river, central Middle Siberia.
skeletocutis AmorphA (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar – Pic
(AGS 27677); 5.
skeletocutis cArneogriseA A. David – decorticat-
ed Psy, diam. 14 cm, decay 3 (HK 26823); 7.
spongipellis spumeA (Sowerby: Fr.) Pat. – living
Pop × 5 (AGS 27740, HK 26520); 1, 2, 9.
steccherinum fimbriAtum (Pers.: Fr.) J. Eriksson
– corticated, charred L, diam. 14 cm, decay
3 (HK 26783); 6.
steccherinum ochrAceum (Pers.) Gray – Sal (AGS
27781); 1.
stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Gray. – cut, cor-
ticated B, diam. 11 cm, decay 2 × 3 (HK
26642); 4, 6.
stereum rugosum Pers.: Fr. – Sal (AGS 27808); 1.
stereum sAnguinolentum (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.)
Fr. – corticated L, diam. 19 cm, decay 1 × 2
(HK 26598); 3, 4.
stereum subtomentosum Pouzar – Al, B × 7 (AGS
27668, HK 26755); 1, 6, 8.
subulicystidium brAchysporum (P.H.B. Talbot &
V.C. Green) Jülich – inside white-rotted Pop,
diam. 60 cm, decay 4 (HK 26740); 1.
subulicystidium longisporum (Pat.) Parmasto –
decorticated Pop, diam. 30 cm, decay 4 (HK
26557, 26699); 8.
thelephorA pAlmAtA (Scop.) Fr. – on soil and litter
in mixed forest × 2 (AGS 27768); 1, 6.
thelephorA terrestris Ehrh. – on soil in conif-
erous- and mixed forest × 3 (AGS 27802);
1, 2, 7.
*tomentellA AtrAmentAriA Rostr. – on wood and
litter under coniferous- and deciduous trees
× 2 (AGS 27752); 3, 8.
Reported earlier by Kõljalg (1996).
tomentellA bAdiA (Link) Stalpers – fallen Pop
(AGS 27800); 1.
tomentellA crinAlis (Fr.) M.J. Larsen – B (AGS
27672); 4.
tomenetellA cinerAscens (P. Karst.) Höhn. &
Litsch. – Pop (AGS 27818); 1.
**tomentellA coeruleA (Bres.) Höhn. & Litsch.
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
**tomentellA fibrosA (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Kõljalg
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
**tomentellA gAlzinii Bourdot
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
**tomentellA griseoumbrinA Litsch.
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
**tomentellA lApidA (Pers.) Stalpers
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
**tomentellA lAteritiA Pat.
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
*tomenetellA lilAcineogriseA Wakef. – L, Pop ×
2 (AGS 2777); 3, 6.
Reported earlier by Kõljalg (1996).
tomentellA rAdiosA (P. Karst.) Rick – Pic (AGS
27729); 4.

62 Folia Cryptog. Estonica
**tomentellA stuposA (Link) Stalpers
Reported by Kõljalg (1996), but not collected
by us.
tomentellA sublilAcinA (Ellis & Holw.) Wakef. –
Pic (AGS 27705); 5.
*tomentellA subtestAceA Bourdot & Galzin
Reported earlier by Kõljalg (1996), but not
collected by us.
trAmetes betulinA (L.: Fr.) Pilát (Lenzites betuli-
nus (L.: Fr.) Fr.)
– B × 3 (AGS 27778); 1, 4, 8.
trAmetes cervinA (Schwein.) Bres. – B (AGS
27734); 6.
trAmetes gibbosA (Pers.) Fr. – B, Pop × 3 (AGS
27685, HK 26521); 1, 8.
trAmetes hirsutA (Wulfen) Lloyd – B, Pru, Sal ×
8 (AGS 27806, HK 26526); 1, 5, 6.
trAmetes ljubArskyi Pilát – Pop, Sal × 4 (AGS
27820, HK 26709); 8, 9.
trAmetes ochrAceA (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden –
Pop (AGS 27733); 1.
trAmetes pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Pilát –Sal
(AGS 27816); 2, corticated B branch, diam.
1.5 cm, decay 2 (HK 26692); 8.
trAmetes velutinA (Pers.) G. Cunn. – B (AGS
27737); 2.
trAmetes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát – corticated
Sal, diam. 6 cm, decay 2 (HK 26754); 1.
trAmetes wArnieri (Durieu & Mont.) Zmitrovich –
Pop × 4 (AGS 27743, HK 26549); 8, 9.
trechsiporA fArinAceA (Pers.) Liberta – decorticat-
ed Sal, diam. 20 cm, decay 4 (HK 26712); 8.
trechisporA molluscA (Pers.: Fr.) Liberta – corti-
cated B, diam. 10 cm, decay 4 (HK 26646); 4.
trechisporA niveA (Pers.) K.H. Larss. – decorticat-
ed Sal, diam. 12 cm, decay 3 (HK 26673); 9.
trichAptum Abietinum (Pers.: Fr.) Ryvarden – cor-
ticated L, diam. 20 cm, decay 1 (HK 26658);
4, charred, corticated L, diam. 13 cm, decay
3 (HK 26775); 6.
trichAptum fuscoviolAceum (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Ry-
varden – L, Pic × 9 (AGS 27717, HK 26571);
1, 3, 4, 6.
trichAptum lAricinum (P. Karst.) Ryvarden – L ×
3 (AGS 27692, HK 26572); 3.
trichAptum pArgAmenum (Fr.) G. Cunn. – B × 9
(AGS 27788, HK 26644); 1, 4, 6, 8.
tubulicrinis Accedens (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk
– decorticated L roots, diam. 14 cm, decay
2 (HK 26580); 3.
tubulicrinis boreAlis J. Erikss. – decorticated
Psy, diam. 14, decay 4 (HK 26813, 26821);
5, 7.
tubulicrinis cAlothrix (Pat.) Donk – decorticated
L, diam. 11 cm, decay 3 (HK 26576, 26607);
3, decorticated Psy, diam. 16 cm, decay 2
(HK 26816, 26825, 26832); 7.
tubulicrinis glebulosus (Fr.) Donk – decorticated
L, diam. 11 cm, decay 3 (HK 26577); 3.
tubulicrinis subulAtus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk
– decorticated Psy, diam. 10 cm, decay 2
(HK 26819); 7.
typhulA cApitAtA (Pat.) Berthier – Calamagrostis
× 3 (AGS 27678); 1, 6.
typhulA cAricinA P. Karst. – Carex × 2 (AGS
27813); 3, 4.
typhulA crAssipes Fuckel – dead leaves and herbs
× 7 (AGS 27763); 4, 5, 8, 11.
typhulA culmigenA (Mont. & Fr.) Berthier – dead
leaves and herbs × 20 (AGS 27797); 1, 4,
8, 9, 12.
typhulA erythropus (Pers.) Fr. – B, Pop leaves ×
9 (AGS 27720); 1, 4, 5, 6, 8.
typhulA grAminum P. Karst. – dead grasses (AGS
27684); 3.
typhulA hyAlinA (Quél.) Berthier – dead grasses
and Equisetum × 12 (AGS 27786); 1, 3, 4,
8, 11.
typhulA lutescens Boud. – dead herbs and leaves
× 2 (AGS 27815); 3, 5.
typhulA micAns (Pers.) Berthier – dead herbs,
grasses and leaves × 35 (AGS 27780); 1, 2,
3, 7, 10, 12.
typhulA phAcorrhizA (Reichard) Fr. – dead
grasses and leaves × 3 (AGS 27722); 1, 3, 4.
typhulA setipes (Grev.) Berthier – B, Sal leaves
× 14 (AGS 27708); 2, 3, 5, 8, 10.
typhulA spAthulAtA (Corner) Berthier – Sal twig
(AGS 27777); 4.
typhulA unciAlis (Grev.) Berthier – dead Epilo-
bium × 8 (AGS 27810); 1, 4, 9.
typhulA vAriAbilis Riess – dead herbs and leaves
× 4 (AGS 27681); 3, 4, 6.
tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst. – B, Sal (AGS
27712, HK 26808); 5.
vArAriA investiens (Schwein.) P. Karst. – decor-
ticated B twig, diam. 0.2 cm, decay 2 (HK
26649); 4.
veluticeps AbietinA (Pers.) Hjortstam & Tellería
– Pic (AGS 27790); 5.
vesiculomyces citrinus (Pers.) E. Hagstr. – Pic
(AGS 27725); 5.
xylodon Asperus (Fr.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden –
decorticated L, diam. 23 cm, decay 2 (HK
26588); 3.

63
xylodon boreAlis (Kotir. & Saaren.) Hjortstam &
Ryvarden – decorticated, charred L, diam.
23 cm, decay 4 (HK 26781); 6.
xylodon crustosus (Pers.) Chevall. – decorticated
L, diam. 11 cm, decay 2 (HK 26578, 26602);
3, corticated Sal, diam. 3 cm, decay 2 (HK
26665, 26668); 4, decorticated Psy, diam.
15 cm, decay 4 (HK 26828); 7.
xylodon rimosissimus (Peck) Hjortstam & Ry-
varden – Al, Pop × 2 (AGS 27699); 1, 7.
xylodon spAthulAtus (Schrad.) Kunze – L × 2
(AGS 27755); 1, 4.
xylodon sp. – decorticated Sal, diam. 14 cm,
decay 4 (HK 26804); 5, corticated C, diam.
2 cm, decay 2 (HK 26543); 8.
DISCUSSION
A total of 217 species of aphyllophoroid fungi are
reported from the arid areas of Tuva. In addi-
tion, ten species mentioned in literature earlier
but not collected by us are included according
to the literature (Parmasto, 1965; Kõljalg, 1996;
Khanminchun et al., 1997; Perova, 1998, 2002;
Oorzhak et al., 2003) from the humid dark-
coniferous taiga of Sayan Mountains.
Altogether 833 records and collections were
made and the ten most common species (Fomes
fomentarius with 80 observations, Phellinus
igniarius 45, Typhula micans 35, Schizophyl-
lum commune 32, Daedaleopsis confragosa 22,
Dichomitus squalens 21, Cerrena unicolor 20,
Typhula culmigena 20, Irpex lacteus 17, and Fu-
nalia trogii with 16 observations) cover 37% of all
observations. Ninety one species were collected
only once and it is nearly 42% of all the species.
The most species rich genus was Typhula
with 14 species, followed by Phellinus (12 taxa),
Trametes (10), Polyporus (7), Ramaria (7), Tomen-
tella (7), Xylodon (6) and Tubulicrinis (5).
The richest morph group was the corticioids,
including Thelephoroid fungi, over 100 species
before the poroid fungi (88 species) followed by
clavarioid and hericioid fungi (nearly 50 species).
The ratio poroid/corticioid fungi is nearly
0.9, which is almost twice if compared with the
boreal forests (see, e.g. Kotiranta & Shiryaev
2016, p. 40). One explanation could be the
ultracontinental climate in Tuva, where small
branches and twigs are dry in hot summer, and
do not harbor such a diverse fungal biota of
corticioids than in more humid boreal forests.
The substrata of the poroid fungi are normally
larger and can hold the moisture also during
dry seasons. Even in the natural larch forest
on Sengelen Plateau the precipitation is small
if compared to “normal” boreal forests in more
northern areas in Siberia. The species reported
earlier from Tuva grew almost exclusively in
northern parts of the republic, in humid, so
called dark coniferous taiga.
Based on our observations there are some
species which should be included in the new
edition of the Tuva Red Data book. The nomi-
nates are: Laricifomes officinalis, Polyporus
pseudobetulinus, Polyporus rhizophilus, Pterula
multida, Ramaria avescens and Trametes
warnieri. These species are rare everywhere and
especially in arid areas. If the river-valley forests
or small woods in steppe and semi-deserts dis-
appear for some reason, also the species inhabit-
ing these biotopes (Polyporus pseudobetulinus,
Pterula multida, Ramaria avescens, Trametes
warnieri) become threatened. The timber har-
vest of unexploited Larix forests can threaten
Laricifomes ofcinalis. We know that Trametes
warnieri is still a taxonomic mess, but until it
is properly solved, it would be wise to include
it in the Red Data Book of Tuva. Among the
nominates, Polyporus rhizophilus is the only real
steppe species. It is a parasite of several grass
genera (Ryvarden & Melo 2014), here especially
of Stipa L. The steppes in Tuva are at least partly
overgrazed, and that is a threat for P. rhizophi-
lus. The others are either wood decayers, litter
decayers (Pterula multida) or soil inhabiting
fungi (Ramaria avescens).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank very much the director of Uvs-
Nuur Biosphere Nature Reserve Vladislav
Ivanovich Kanzai, and the vice-director Alexan-
der Nikolaevich Kuksin. They helped us in all
possible ways, e.g. in transporting us, organizing
transportation and accommodation.
The study of A.G. Shiryaev was funded by
RFBR (the research project No. 16-31-60093
mol_a_dk).
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