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Eating behavior, food preferences and nutritional status of selected affluent school adolescents of Dhaka city
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... The definitions of specific food risks are presented in Table 1. Food preferences/practices are good proxies for quantifying food (Nur et al., 2010;Stanga et al., 2003). Dietary patterns or preferences may better reflect diet (Kulothungan , 2018 ) and be more obtainable from the patient. ...
... Of the eight food types explored, most participants (approximately 70%) in the overall population and patients with confirmed MI indulged in using at least four food risks (Figure 2). This is consistent with other studies where a high preference for fast food, beverages, ice cream, sweets, soft drinks, and cookies was observed (Nur et al., 2010). ...
Background: The lack of local produce and the abundance of cheap and easily accessible fast food have led to an unfavorable food environment in Trinidad and Tobago, which has encouraged unhealthy eating. This study explored food habits and preferences among adult patients at a public tertiary healthcare institute. Methods: Patients were selected from adult medical and cardiac wards of public healthcare facilities using convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were consenting adults who could communicate freely. The exclusion criteria included confused or critically ill patients. Patients were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire, which included eight commonly used categories of the diet (fruits, vegetables, sugar, salt, "low-fats," carbohydrates, meat/protein, and wheat/grains). Furthermore, the variables were recoded as 1 = positive food choice and 0 = negative food choice. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Results: Most patients based their main meals on starchy foods (89.9%), followed by high salt intake (75%) and high meat (72.4%). Approximately half (45.5%) of the population preferred fewer vegetables, and approximately one-third (35.1%) did not prefer "low-fat products." There were 3 to 4 food risks that revealed differences by age, sex and ethnicity with greater occurrence in the over 50s, males and Indo-Trinidadian. At least 26.6% of the patients ate larger meals at night, and 61.5% admitted skipping breakfast at least once a week. Conclusion: Negative food habits and preferences are prevalent and generally homogeneous across subgroups except by age, sex and ethnicity which show higher occurrence of food risks in the over 50s, males and Indo-Trinidadian.
... Children generally eat fast-food from shop more than homemade fast-food. Results similar to this study were found in various studies [17][18][19][20][21] . ...
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 106 school going overweight and obese children (fifty boys and fifty-six girls) selected from four schools of Dhaka city. The aim of this study was to assess the overweight or obesity pattern among the children and their fast-food eating behavior. Samples were selected by simple random sampling during the time frame of September, 2017 to April, 2018. Data Analysis was conducted by using IBM SPSS16.0. The average weight of the school children was 41.54 ± 9.65 kg, average height was 132.2 ± 10.82 cm and average Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was 24.83 ± 2.8 cm. It was found that about 28.3% children were overweight, 55.7% children were obese and rest of the children were severely obese. The study revealed that about21.7% children had consumed fast food every day in a week, about 40.6% children had fast-food 2-3 days weekly and28.3% children had fast food 4-5 days in a week. Among the fast food items, Cake/Noodles/Pastry were consumed by76.4% respondents, Chocolate/ Ice-cream by 67.9% respondents, Chips was consumed by 67.0% of the respondents and Burger/Pizza/Sandwich were consumed by 62.3% of the respondents. About 23.6% children preferred having nuggets, 17.9% children sweets, 12.3% children chicken ball and 7.5% children biriyani. It was also shown that about36.8% children had fast-food as tiffin and at evening as snacks. It was observed that fast food eating pattern is highly prevalent among the overweight and obese school going children and this food habit need to be changed in order to prevent diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, high cholesterol level at adulthood. Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 33, December 2020, P: 21-27
A self-administered diet history questionnaire has been developed for epidemiologic and clinical use. Both the food list and the nutrient values to be associated with it were developed using dietary data from 11,658 adult respondents to the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Food items were selected on the basis of their contribution to total population intake of energy and each of 17 nutrients in the NHANES II data, and represent over 90% of each of those nutrients. Associated nutrient composition values were determined from the NHANES II database using frequency of consumption data in that survey. Portion sizes to be associated with each food item were derived from observed portion size distributions in NHANES II, based on three-dimensional models. The resulting food list and its corresponding brief data base, when used to calculate nutrients from a diet record, yielded correlations of r greater than 0.70 with the more detailed method. Field administration produced mean values comparable to national data.
This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests the vast majority are meeting the guideline of accumulating physical activity. However, a substantial number of males, and the majority of females, are not meeting the guideline for moderate to vigorous physical activity.
Childhood obesity is multi-factorial in etiology. Several factors contribute to the etiology of childhood obesity, and childhood obesity is itself associated with significant morbidity. This article focuses on the health risks of childhood obesity and on the prenatal and childhood influences that contribute to the genesis of childhood obesity.
Longitudinal growth data on children who developed obesity during childhood reveal a distinct tendency for height gain to accelerate coincident with or after the onset of excessive weight gain. The magnitude of the relative height increment is related to the degree of overweight. Overnutrition accelerates growth, just as undernutrition retards it.
Lifestyle is the most important modifiable factor influencing health and illness today. It is difficult to stimulate the development of or change to a
This century has seen a marked improvement in the health of American adolescents but currently the trend is being reversed; today’s teenagers are in poorer health than their parents were at the same age. Mortality is mostly related to crime drugs and suicide but there also are nonfatal health problems which have immediate and long-term consequences that require the attention and financial support of our society. Good nutrition and adequate physical activity must be recognized as cost-effective means for normal growth and development during adolescence and for decreased risk of future chronic diseases. In the past undernutrition and overwork in unsanitary environments stunted the growth of many American children. Today inadequate nutrition ranges from excesses that lead to obesity to deficits that produce anemia or low weight babies born to teenagers. At the same time physical exercise paradoxically has become a "leisure activity" that is more accessible to the rich than to the poor. Many of these problems could be solved by better support for adolescents at high risk and greater education about adolescents’ needs for food and exercise. (excerpt)
504 overweight children admitted to hospital between 1921 and 1947 were followed up for 40 years by questionnaires at 10 year intervals. The mean weight for height (W/H) standard deviation score (SDS) reached a maximum in puberty (+3.5). The SDS fell to about +1 in adulthood. 47% patients were still obese (SDS greater than +1) in adulthood; 84.6% of these had SDS more than +2 in childhood. The degree of obesity in the family (parents and grandparents) and the degree of overweight in puberty were the most important factors for weight level in adulthood. Even when their food intake was in accordance with recommended levels, obese children had higher than normal weight as adults. Excessive overweight in puberty (SDS greater than +3) was associated with higher than expected morbidity and mortality in adult life. Weight-reducing measures should be started early in life to improve the unfavourable long-term prognosis for very obese children.
Scientists have long recognized the importance of the demographics and epidemiologic transitions in higher income countries. Only recently has it become understood that similar sets of broadly based changes are occurring in lower income countries. What has not been recognized is that concurrent changes in nutrition are also occurring, with equally important implications for resource allocation in many low-income countries. Several major changes seem to be emerging, leading to a marked shift in the structure of diet and the distribution of body composition in many regions of the world: a rapid reduction in fertility and aging of the population, rapid urbanization, the epidemiologic transition, and economic changes affecting populations in different and uneven ways. These changes vary significantly over time. In general, we find that problems of under- and overnutrition often coexist, reflecting the trend in which an increasing proportion of people consume the types of diets associated with a number of chronic diseases. This is occurring more rapidly than previously seen in higher income countries, or even in Japan and Korea. Examples from Thailand, China, and Brazil provide evidence of the changes and trends in dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition patterns.