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Identification of some grass-associated species of Bipolaris, Curvularia and Exserohilum in selected regions of Iran

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Infected tissues of roots and leaves of various grasses as well as soil around their rhizosphere were sampled from Fars, Golestan, Isfahan, Khorasan Shomali, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran and Semnan provinces (Iran). Based on morphological characteristics and available keys, four species of Bipolaris including B. austreliensis, B. indica, B. micropus and B. spicifera, four species of Curvularia including C. akaiiensis, C. heteropogonicola, C. protuberata and C. verruculosa and two species of Exserhilum including E. gedarefense and E. pedicellatum were identified. Bipolaris austreliensis and B. spicifera widely distributed in Iran. Bipolaris micropus, C. protuberata, C. akaiiensis, E. pedicellatum and E. gedarefense are new to Iran mycobiota.
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40 ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395
Rostaniha 17(1): 40–50 (2016) ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1 :(5040 )1395(
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷBipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum ناﺮﻳا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد :08/02/1395 /ﺬﭘشﺮﻳ :16/03/1395
ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ اﺮﻫز :يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺮﺘﻛد هﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ زاﺮﻴﺷ ،زاﺮﻴﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ7144165186ناﺮﻳا ،
ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﺿرﺎﺳﺮﻔﻤﻠﻗ هداز
: ادﺎﺘﺳ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ هﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺨﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد زاﺮﻴﺷ ،زاﺮﻴﺷ
7144165186 ناﺮﻳا ،(rmostofi@shirazu.ac.ir)
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧهدﻮﻟآ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ گﺮﺑ و ﻪﺸﻳرنآ ﻪﺸﻳراﺮﻓ كﺎﺧ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫنﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺎﻫ ،يﻮﺿر نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا يﺎﻫ
،سرﺎﻓ ،نﺎﻨﻤﺳ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﻊﻤﺟ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ و نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔﺪﺷ يروآ .سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺖﺨﻳر تﺎﻔﺻ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫﺪﻴﻠﻛ رﺎﻬﭼ
ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔBipolaris ﻣﺎﺷB. australiensis ،B. indica ،B. micropus وB. spicifera ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼCurvularia ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
C. akaiiensis ،C. heteropogonicola ،C. protuberata وC. verruculosa ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ود وExserohilum ﻞﻣﺎﺷE. gedarefense
وE. pedicellatum ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫB. australiensis وB. spicifera ﺶﻴﺑ ياراد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ زا يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ رد ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫB. micropus،
C. akaiiensis ،C. protuberata ،E. pedicellatum وE. gedarefense ناﺮﻳا يﺎﺗﻮﻴﺑﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ.
هژاويﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ: ﺲﻨﺟ يﺎﻫgraminicolousكﺎﺧ ،چرﺎﻗ ،نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ ،دﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ
Identification of some grass-associated species of Bipolaris, Curvularia and Exserohilum in
selected regions of Iran
Received: 27.04.2016 / Accepted: 05.06.2016
Zahra Nemati: PhD Student, Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz
7144165186, Iran
Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa
: Prof., Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz
University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran (rmostofi@shirazu.ac.ir)
Summary
Infected tissues of roots and leaves of various grasses as well as soil around their rhizosphere were sampled from
Fars, Golestan, Isfahan, Khorasan Shomali, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran and Semnan provinces (Iran). Based on
morphological characteristics and available keys, four species of Bipolaris including B. austreliensis, B. indica,
B. micropus and B. spicifera, four species of Curvularia including C. akaiiensis, C. heteropogonicola, C. protuberata
and C. verruculosa and two species of Exserhilum including E. gedarefense and E. pedicellatum were identified.
Bipolaris austreliensis and B. spicifera widely distributed in Iran. Bipolaris micropus, C. protuberata, C. akaiiensis,
E. pedicellatum and E. gedarefense are new to Iran mycobiota.
Keywords: Graminicolous species, imperfect fungi, Poaceae, soil born
ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 41
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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
چرﺎﻗچرﺎﻗ زا ﻪﺘﺳد نآ زا ﺺﻗﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
نآ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،هﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ رد لﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺎﺑ ﺖﺨﻳر يﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ دﻮﺧ يﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ و ﻲﺸﻳور ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ .ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ چرﺎﻗ هوﺮﮔ ،ﺺﻗﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﮕﺘﺧﻮﺳ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣﻮﻳرﻮﭙﺳﻮﺘﻨﻤﻠﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
گﺮﺑﻲﻣ نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ هﺮﻴﺗ رد ﻪﺸﻳر و ﻪﻗﻮﻃ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳﻮﭘ ،ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
)Shoemaker 1959, Alcorn 1988 .(چرﺎﻗ زا هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا رد ،ﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ،ﻲﺴﻨﺟ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يﺮﮔرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
و مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ دازآگﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﺪﻨﻛ . سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﻲﮔﮋﻳوﺖﺨﻳر يﺎﻫﺲﻨﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺤﺗ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ
graminicolous هدر ﻲﻣ يﺪﻨﺑﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻞﻜﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺄﺸﻨﻣﻪﻧاﻮﺟ رﻮﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﻲﻧز ،ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ عﻮﻧ ،ﻲﻧز
ﻲﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳاز)ontogeny ( لﻮﻠﺳ دوﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ و مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ هراﻮﻳد
هﺮﮔ عﻮﻧ و ﻪﻳﺎﭘ يﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺲﻨﺟ رﺎﻬﭼ نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ ،ﻲﻳازBipolaris ،
Curvularia ،Drechslera وExserohilum ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ زا
هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا)Sivanesan 1987, Goh et al. 1998.(
ﺲﻨﺟ يﺎﻫBipolaris وCurvularia ﻲﺴﻨﺟ مﺮﻓ ﺮﻈﻧ زا
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻲﻀﻌﺑ وﺖﺨﻳر يﺎﻫ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻢﻫ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
تﺎﻔﺻ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓﺖﺨﻳر ،هزاﺪﻧا ﻼﺜﻣ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
هراﻮﻳد داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻞﻜﺷ ،ﮓﻧر بﺎﻴﻏ ﺎﻳ رﻮﻀﺣ ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺿﺮﻋ يﺎﻫ
نرﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ مرﻮﺘﻣ لﻮﻠﺳ)disproportionately swollen ( ﺎﻳ دﻮﺟو و
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ رد ﺎﻨﺤﻧا دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋﻲﻣ ،ﺎﻫنآ ناﻮﺗﻳ زا ار ﺎﻫﻳﺪﻜﺮﮕ
ﻜﻔﺗﻚﻴ دﺮﻛ .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻨﺟ يﺎﻫCurvularia رﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ مرﻮﺗ ياراد ن
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ دﻮﺧ ﺮﺧآ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﻳ لﻮﻠﺳ رد . نرﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ مرﻮﺘﻣ لﻮﻠﺳ
لﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﺎﻫ ﺐﻠﻏا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ و دراد يدﺎﻳز ي
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﻴﻤﺧ لﻮﻠﺳ ﻦﻳا ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ . نرﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ مرﻮﺗ لﺎﺣ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ يﺎﻫBipolaris ﺎﻣا ،دﻮﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻢﻫ
لﻮﻠﺳ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ مرﻮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣلﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ مرﻮﺘ ﺎﻫ
دراﺪﻧ ﻲﮕﻧر ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧز يﺎﻫBipolaris و
Curvularia لﻮﻜﻳزو ﺎﻳ و ﻪﻴﻟوا ﻲﺷﺪﻨﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ يوﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ترﻮﻲﺒﻄﻗ لﻮﻠﺳ ود ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ زا ،كزﺎﻧ هراﻮﻳد ﺎﺑ دﺮﻴﮔ
)Alcorn 1983 .(نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ، ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ار ﺲﻨﺟ ود ﻦﻳا
ﻦﺘﺷادكﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ )Sivanesan 1987, Alcorn
1988, Goh et al. 1998 ( دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ و)Berbee et
al. 1999 (ﻲﻣ فداﺮﺘﻣﺪﻨﻧاد . ﻦﻳا ﻲﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﻛﺎﺗ رد ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﺲﻨﺟﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺘﺸﻴﺑ يﺎﻫﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﺮ و ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳدراﺰﺑا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ
ﺖﺳا زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ)Sivanesan 1987, Alcorn 1988, Nakada
et al. 1994, Manamgoda et al. 2011 .( ود ﻦﻳا ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد
ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ زا اﺰﺠﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺲﻨﺟﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ.
ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﻜﻳ هوﺮﮔ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫgraminicolous ،
Exserohilum ﺖﺳا .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ياﺮ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﻳاﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ ﻪﻛ
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ)hilum ( ﺮﻈﻧ رد ،ﺖﺳا ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ياراد ﺢﺿاو رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ)Leonard & Suggs 1974 .( رﻮﻀﺣ مﺪﻋ ﺎﻳ رﻮﻀﺣ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو زا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ رد ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ نآ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﺳا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺲﻨﺟ رد ﺪﻳﺎﺑ يﺎﻫgraminicolous دﺮﻴﮕﺑ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻴﻧ .
ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ ﺲﻨﺟ رد بذﺎﻛ يﺎﻫBipolaris وCurvularia ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
هراﻮﻳد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ رد)Leonard & Suggs
1974 ( ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ردﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻲﮔﺪﻣآﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ يﺎﻫ
Exserohilum ﻲﮔﮋﻳو زا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ و ﻢﻴﺨﺿ و هدﻮﺑ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ.
ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻛ يﺎﻫgraminicolous ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﻳا ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زايرﺎﻤﻴ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻲﻋارز نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ و نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ ﻢﻬﻣ ياز
ترﺎﺴﺧ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ نﺎﻬﺟ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ رد ﺐﻠﻏا ﺪﻳﺪﺷ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا نآ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺪﻧا ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳز ﺮﻫ رد ﺎﻫ
)Sivanesan 1987, Berbee et al. 1999 .(لﺎﺳ رد يﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﺧا، ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ يﺎﻫBipolaris ،Curvularia و
Exserohilum يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا شراﺰﮔ ناﺮﻳا رد ﻦﻤﭼ ياز
هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا)Mirabolfathi & Ershad 2006, Barzegar &
Banihashemi 2011 .(يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ رد از
هﺎﮕﺷزرو و يﺮﻬ ﺰﺒﺳ يﺎﻀﻓﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا يدوﺪﺤﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫgraminicolous نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ناﺮﻳا رد ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳ)Ershad 2009, Ahmadpour et al. 2011,
2012, Barzegar & Banihashemi 2011 .( ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
چرﺎﻗ ﻦﻳايرﺎﻤﻴﺑ و ﺎﻫ نآ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ هژوﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا فﺪﻫ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫgraminicolous ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ
ﺎﺑ ناﺮﻳاﺎﺗنﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛ هﺮﻴﺗ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ د نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ر.
شور ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
لﺎﺳ ﻪﺳ ﻲﻃ)94 -1392(، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هدﻮﻟآ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﻋ و نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ هﺮﻴﺗ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ گﺮﺑ و ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ،ﻪﺸﻳر و زﺮﻫ يﺎﻫ
نآ فاﺮﻃا كﺎﺧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫنﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺎﻫ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا يﺎﻫ
يﻮﺿر)نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷرﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ و ﺪﻬﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ( ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ،
)درﻮﻨﺠﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ( سرﺎﻓ ،نﺎﻨﻤﺳ ،)نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳرز ،هدﺎﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷدوﺮﻣ و دﺎﺑآزوﺮﻴﻓ ،زاﺮﻴﺷ ،ﺖﺷد( نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ،) نﺎﮔﺮﮔ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
ﺮﻬﺷدازآ و يﻮﻛدﺮﻛ ،ﺖﺷدﻮﻨﻴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ و ( نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا و
)سﻮﻟﺎﭼ ﺮﻬﺷ (ﻊﻤﺟﺖﻛﺎﭘ رد و يروآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ يﺬﻏﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ
42 ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 42 /
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ . ﻲﻓﺎﻛ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﺟ بآ ﺎﺑ هدﻮﻟآ جﻮﺴﻧ
ﺖﺴﺷ هداد ﻮﺷو ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ،هﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﻲﭽﻴﻗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﺪ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ . ﺖﻳﺮﻠﻛﻮﭙﻴﻫ ﺎﺑ هدﻮﻟآ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺪﺿ
ﻢﻳﺪﺳ5/0 رﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ زا ﺲﭘ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﻴﻗد ود تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد
ﺖﺴﺷ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ رد ﻮﺷ و لﺎﻤﺘﺳد ﺎﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور ،هﺪﺷ وﻼﻛﻮﺗا و ﻚﺸﺧ يﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺖﺸﻛPDA
)potato dextrose agarهرﺎﺼﻋ ؛ 300 ﺐﻴﺳ مﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻣز20 مﺮ
،زوﺮﺘﺴﻛد16 ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ،رﺎﮔآ مﺮﮔ (ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺸﻛ .
ﻚﺘﺸﺗ رﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧا رد يﺮﺘﭘ يﺎﻫ25 يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ سﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ.
ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﻚﺗ شور ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور گﺎﻫ ﺖﺸﻛ
WA )water agar؛20 ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد رﺎﮔآ مﺮ (ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺪﺻرد ود يزﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ. ﻨﻣ ﻪﺑﺖﻗر شور ،كﺎﺧ زا يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ رﻮﻈ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﺮﻜﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ .ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﻧ ﺎﺑ كﺎﺧ مﺮﮔ ﻚﻳ هدز ﻢﻫ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ود ،نوﺮﺘﺳ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ نﻮﻴﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ و ﺪﺷ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻖﻴﻗر ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ .ﺖﻗرﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺸﻛPDA
يوﺎﺣ20 ﻲﻠﻴﻣد ﺪﻨﭼ و ﺪﺻرد ﻚﻳ ﻚﻴﺘﻛﻻ ﺪﻴﺳا ﺘﻴﻟ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﻧا
سﺎﺒﻟ ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺪﺷر زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﻲﻳﻮﺷ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﻳر ،ﺎﻫ .
ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ رﻮﻬﻇ زا ﺲﭘ ﻂﻴﺤيور ﺎﻫﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﺮﻫ ،ﺖﺸ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺖﺸﻛ .ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﺪﺷر زا ﺲﭘ كﻮﻜﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺸﻛWA زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ود
كﻮﻧ شور ﺪﻧﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻪﺴﻳر.
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑﺖﺨﻳر تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﻳاﺪﺟﻪﻘﻠﺣ ،ﺎﻫﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ زا ﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ رد يﺎﻫ
ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ و ﺘﺷادﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر لﺎﺣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يوﺎﺣ يﺮﺘﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺸﻛ
PDA وTWA )tap water agar + wheat straw( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ
)Sivanesan 1987 .(ﺖﺨﻳر ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻚﺘﺸﺗ يﺎﻫPDA رد و ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد25 سﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ10 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ زور)Sivanesan 1987 .( ياﺮﺑ
ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫTWA ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ
بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ يرﻮﻧ12 و ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور ﺖﻋﺎﺳ12 رد ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ25
ﻪﺟرد گﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ زور ﺖﻔﻫ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ سﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﻲﻳاز
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ)Sivanesan 1987 .( ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ
ﺖﺨﻳر ،ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﮓﻧر و مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷگﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ هﻮﺤﻧ و ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ)Sivanesan 1987, Alcorn 1988 .( ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟمﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧزﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ،ﺎﻫﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻞﺧاد رد يﺎﻫ
يوﺎﺣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ20 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺪﻧا نوﺮﺘﺳ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﺘﺧا
2 ﺎﺗ3 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور ﻞﺻﺎﺣ گﺎﻫ نﻮﻴﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ زا ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺖﺸﻛ
WA رد و ﻪﺘﺨﻳر ﺪﺻرد ود25 ﺪﻌﺑ و يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ سﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
هﻮﺤﻧ زور ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻚﻳ زا ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ پﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧز
ﺪﺷ .ﻪﺒﺷ رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ يﺎﻫBipolaris ،
Curvularia وExserohilum ﮔﺮﭘ زاﻪﻨ ﺪﻳﻼﺳا ،چرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ
رد ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ و ﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
50 ماﺪﻧا زا ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ زا دﺪﻋ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻲﭼرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻦﺴﻧاﻮﻴﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ)Sivanesan
1987 ( نرﻮﻜﻟآ و)Alcorn 1988 (ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ
زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺲﻨBipolaris ﻞﻣﺎﺷB. australiensis
)ﻦﻤﭼ( ،B. indica )مﺪﻨﮔ( ،B. micropus )ﻦﻤﭼ( ،B. spicifera
)غﺮﻣ ،ﻦﻤﭼ( ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ ؛Curvularia ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
C. akaiiensis )ﻦﻤكﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر( ،C. heteropogonicola
)ﻤﭼ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر( ،C. protuberata )ﺞﻧﺮﺑ و ﻦﻤﭼ( و
C. verruculosa )ﻤﭼﺞﻧﺮﺑ و ( ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ود و
Exserohilum ﻞﻣﺎﺷE. gedarefense )ﻦﻤﭼ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر ( و
E. pedicellatum )ﺞﻧﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر (ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ياراد ،هدﻮﻟآ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻳاﻮﻫ ماﺪﻧا رد يﺪﺷر ﻢﻛ و يدرز يﺎﻫ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ندﺮﻛ جرﺎﺧ زا ﺲﭘ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ و ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﮓﻧرنآ رد ﻪﺸﻳر ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و ﺸﻳر و ﻪﻗﻮﻃ رد هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ .ﻪﻧﻮﮔيﺎﻫB. micropus ،C. akaiiensis ،C. protuberata ،
E. gedarefense وE. pedicellatum ناﺮﻳا يﺎﺗﻮﻴﺑﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ ياﺮ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫB. australiensis وB. spicifera
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد دﺎﻳز تﺎﻌﻓد ﻪﺑﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻤﭼ زا يﺮﻴﮔ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد يرادﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ B. australiensis
دﻮﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ . يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫB. indica مﺪﻨﮔ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر زا
يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ وC. heteropogonicola وE. gedarefense و ﻪﺸﻳر زا
ﺎﻴﻧد رد رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ياﺮﺑ ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻦﻤﭼ كﺎﺧ
ﻲﻣ شراﺰ دﻮﺷ)Sivanesan 1987, Alcorn 1988, Sun et al.
1997, Ahmadpour et al. 2012( .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ شراﺰﮔ ناﺮﻳا زا رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻳارا ﻞﻳذ رد ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ:
Bipolaris micropus (Drechsler) Shoemaker 1959 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻪﺸﻳر و گﺮﺑ زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﻦﻤﭼ
ﺷ اﺪﺟ سرﺎﻓ ﺪﻧﺪ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور چرﺎﻗ ﺖﺸﻛ
PDA دﻮﺑ هﺮﻴﺗ يﺮﺘﺴﻛﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﻳز ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻤﺨﻣ .
گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑهﻮﻬﻗ ﻧر ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫهﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﺗ ياهراﻮﻳد ،هﺮﻴﺗ يا ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،راد
ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ لﻮﻃ ،يداﺮﻔﻧاگﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ150 ﺎﺗ200 ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ7
ﺎﺗ9 ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛﻮﻬﻗ ﻧر ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫه ،يا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻛود ﺎﺗ يا) ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ
ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 43
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يﻮﻀﻴﺑ ( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﻤﺧ يراﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ضﺮﻋ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﺎﻳ و ﻂﺳو رد ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻛود يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻛ ﻲﻣارآ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ود رد و دﺎﻳز نآ ﻪﺑدﻮﺷ . ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺳ رد)بذﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ (ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .ﻨﻛمﻮﻳﺪﻴ ياراد ﺎﻫ3 ﺎﺗ
9 ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ رد بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ و هدﻮﺑ بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ
دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﻫ80-32 × 20 -10 دﻮﺑ .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛلﻮﻠﺳ زا ﺎﻫلﻮﻜﻳزو ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و ﻲﺒﻄﻗ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ يوﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ترﻮﺻ كزﺎﻧ هراﻮﻳد ﺖﻓﺮﮔ) ﻞﻜﺷ1.(
ﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ تﺎﻔﺻ زا ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ نﺪ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻦﻳا و دﻮﺑ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻲﻜﻳدﺰﻧ رد مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫExserohilum ﺖﺳا .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ B. micropus ﻪﻴﺒﺷ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫB. hawaiiensis وB. cynodontis ﺖﻔﺻ ﻲﻟو ،ﺖﺳا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﺟو ،نآ رد ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ يﺪﻴﻠﻛﺖﺳﺎﻫ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ B. micropus ژ ،ﺪﻨﻫ زا نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ و ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣا ﺪﺤﺘﻣ تﻻﺎﻳا و ﻦﭘا
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا يﺎﻫLeptochloa sp. وPaspalum sp. هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
ﺖﺳا)Sivanesan 1987 .( زا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﻲﻣ شراﺰﮔ ناﺮﻳا ﻦﻤﭼ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ و دﻮﺷ) يﺎﻫرﺬﺑ زا ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
Festuca rubra subsp. rubra L.،
L. Agropyron cristatum و
Lolium perenne L. (ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ.
Curvularia akaiiensis Sivan. 1987 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧزا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ زاﺮﻴﺷ رد ﻦﻤﭼ ﻪﺸﻳر و كﺎﺧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور چرﺎﻗ ﺖﺸﻛPDA ،
كﺮﻛهﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ و راددﻮﺑ يﺮﺘﺴﻛﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻣ يا .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
هدﺎﺳهراﻮﻳد ،ﻢﺧ و ﭻﻴﭘ ،راد،يداﺮﻔﻧا ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،راد ﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻳﻮﻧاز ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ يا300 ﺎﺗ600 و ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺮﻄﻗ3 5 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .لﻮﻠﺳهﺪﻋﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ مرﻮﺗ ياراد ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛﻢﺨﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳار ،ﻲﻏﺮﻣ
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ،هﺪﻴﻤﺧ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا ود ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ رد ﻪﻛ هﺮﻴﺗ يا
فﺎﻔﺷﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ . مﻮﺳ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﺗ و ﺖﺳا مرﻮﺗ ﻲﻛﺪﻧا ياراد هﺪﻋﺎﻗ زا
گرﺰﺑ يﺪﺣلﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗﻲﻣ هﺪﻳد ﺎﻫدﻮﺷ .ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ رد بذﺎﻛ
نآ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ هزاﺪﻧا و ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ1 ﺎﺗ2
دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻚﻳ ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ود ياراد ﺎﻫ
هﺮﻴﺗ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ ود ﺮﻫ ﺎﻳﺪﻨﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺪﻧﺪﺷ .هزاﺪﻧا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘ ﺎﻫ27 -20 × 16 -10
دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟمﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧزلﻮﻠﺳ زا ﺎﻫو ﻲﺒﻄﻗ يﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
لﻮﻜﻳزوهراﻮﻳد ﺎﺑ يوﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ترﻮﺻ كزﺎﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ) ﻞﻜﺷ2.(
لوﺪﺟ1 - ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ يﺎﻫgraminicolous ﻊﻤﺟ هﺪﺷ يروآ ردﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا
Table 1. Graminicolous isolates collected in this study
Frequency
(%)
Date
Isolated*
Location Matrix Isolate Species
28.3
Bipolaris australiensis
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grassa (leaves)
B1-1
(GC1001)
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (leaves)
B1-2
(GC1002)
2013.07 Fars, Bajgah turf grass (leaves)
B1-3
(GC1003)
2014.03 Fars, Abadeh turf grass (roots)
B1-4
(GC1004)
2014.03 Semnan, Semnan turf grass (roots)
B1-5
(GC1005)
2014.03 Khorasan Razavi, Neyshabur turf grass (roots)
B1-6
(GC1006)
2014.03 Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad turf grass (roots)
B1-7
(GC1007)
2014.03 Khorasan Shomali, Bojnurd turf grass (roots)
B1-8
(GC1008)
2014.03 Golestan, Gorgan turf grass (roots)
B1-9
(GC1009)
2014.03 Golestan, Kordkuy turf grass (roots)
B1-10
(GC10010)
2014.03 Mazandaran, Chalus turf grass (roots)
B1-11
(GC10011)
18
B. spicifera
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
B2-1
(GC10012)
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz common couchb (roots)
B2-2
(GC10013)
2013.07 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
B2-3
(GC10014)
44 ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 44 /
لوﺪﺟ1 )ﻪﻣادا(
Table 1 (contd)
2013.07 Fars, Bajgah turf grass (soil)
B2-4
(GC10015)
2013.07 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
B2-5
(GC10016)
2013.07 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
B2-6
(GC10017)
2014.03 Isfahan, Isfahan turf grass (roots)
B2-7
(GC10018)
10.3
B. micropus
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (leaves)
B3-1
(GC10019)
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
B3-2
(GC10020)
2013.06 Fars, Zarrindasht turf grass (leaves)
B3-3
(GC10021)
2013.06 Fars, Zarrindasht turf grass (roots)
B3-4
(GC10022)
5.2
B. indica
2014.03 Golestan, Azadshahr wheatc (roots)
B4-1
(GC10023)
2014.03 Golestan, Azadshahr wheat (soil)
B4-2
(GC10024)
5.2
Curvularia akaiiensis
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
C1-1
(GC10025)
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (soil)
C1-2
(GC10026)
10.3
C. protuberata
2013.06 Golestan, Minudasht turf grass (leaves)
C2-3
(GC10029)
2013.06 Golestan, Minudasht turf grass (roots)
C2-4
(GC10030)
2014.03 Fars, Firuzabad riced (roots)
C2-1
(GC10027)
2014.03 Fars, Firuzabad rice (soil)
C2-2
(GC10028)
5.2
C. verruculosa
2013.07 Fars, Marvdasht rice (roots)
C3-1
(GC10031)
2013.07 Fars, Marvdasht rice (roots)
C3-2
(GC10032)
C. heteropogonicola
7.7
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
C4-1
(GC10033)
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (soil)
C4-2
(GC10034)
2013.05 Fars, Shiraz turf grass (roots)
C4-3
(GC10035)
5.2
Exserohilum
gedarefense
2014.03 Golestan, Minudasht turf grass (roots)
E1-1
(GC10036)
2014.03 Golestan, Minudasht turf grass (soil)
E1-2
(GC10037)
5.2
E. pedicellatum
2013.06 Fars, Firuzabad rice (roots)
E2-1
(GC10038)
2013.06 Fars, Firuzabad rice (soil)
E2-2
(GC10039)
* All isolates were isolated by Z. Nemati
Codes for the Mycological Collections of the Department of Plant Protection, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran)
a A combination of Lolium perenne, Agropyron cristatum and Festuca rubra subsp. rubra b Elymus repens c Triticum aestivum d Oryza sativa
ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 45
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ﻞﻜﺷ1 - Bipolaris micropus :.A-E ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛF, G .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ،H, I .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻲﻧز)سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =10 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ.(
Fig. 1. Bipolaris micropus: A-E. Conidia, F, G. Conidiophores, H, I. Bipolar germinating conidia (Bars = 10 µ m).
ﻞﻜﺷ2 - Curvularia akaiiensis :.A-F ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛG-I .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ، .J-K ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻲﻧز)سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =10 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ.(
Fig. 2. Curvularia akaiiensis: A-F. Conidia, G-I. Conidiophores, J-K. Bipolar germinating conidia (Bars = 10 µm).
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ يﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫC. akaii ،ﺖﺳا
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ،هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺎﻣاﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺾﻳﺮﻋ ،ﺮﺗ و ﺮﺗ
مرﻮﺘﻣﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺗ . تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﺖﺨﻳر و اﺰﺠﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژﻮﻠﻴﻓ يوﺎﻛاو و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﻞﻘﺘﺴنآ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد و ﺎﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ،ﺎ
)Manamgoda et al. 2011 .(ﻪﻧﻮﮔ C. akaiiensis زا نﻮﻨﻛ
راﺰﮔ ﺪﻨﻫ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ش ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ نآ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻟو
)Sivanesan 1987, Manamgoda et al. 2011 .( ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﻦﻤﭼ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ و ناﺮﻳا زا رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻲﻣ شراﺰدﻮﺷ.
Curvularia protuberata R.R. Nelson & Hodges 1965 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺎﻫ دﺎﺑآزوﺮﻴﻓ زا ﺞﻧﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ي
نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﺷدﻮﻨﻴﻣ زا ﻦﻤﭼ ﻪﺸﻳر و گﺮﺑ زا و سرﺎﻓ نﺎﺘﺳا
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور چرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ ﺸﻛPDA
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻤﺨﻣدﻮﺑ يﺮﺘﺴﻛﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻣ يا .لﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫ
46 ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 46 /
ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ مرﻮﺘﻣ8 ﻪﺴﻳر ﻦﻴﺑ رد رﻮﻓو ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴ چرﺎﻗ يﺎ
ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺪﺷ .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑهراﻮﻳد ،هدﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ،راد ﺖﺳار) رد ترﺪﻧ
ﻲﻳﻮﻧاز ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻧا(هﻮﻬﻗ و ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ ﺎﻳ يداﺮﻔﻧا ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ، يا
ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﮓﻧرﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ لﻮﻃگﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ350 ﺎﺗ450
ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ3 ﺎﺗ5 ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺖﺳار ،فﺎﺻ ﺎﻫ
هﺪﻴﻤﺧ يراﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﻳ رﻮﺻ ﻪﺑﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا تلﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﺑ يﻮﻀﻴﺑ ﺎﺗ يا يﺎﻫ
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧالﻮﻠﺳ و ﻦﺷور ياهﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ يا
هﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﺗﻲﻣ هﺪﻳد هﺮﻴﺗ ياﺪﻧﺪﺷ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ لﻮﻠﺳ دﻮﺟو ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻢﻜﺷ و مرﻮﺘﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ هﺎﮔ ،نرﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ راد)ventricose (هﺪﻫﺎﺸ
ﻲﻣﺪﻧﺪﺷ .ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺳ رد ﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ بذﺎﻛ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﻲﻣﺪﺷ .هزاﺪﻧا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺎﻫ38-20 × 15-9 ياراد و ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ3 ﺎﺗ
4 ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟمﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧزلﻮﻠﺳ زا ﺎﻫﺑ و ﻲﺒﻄﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺷﺪﻨﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ) ﻞﻜﺷ3.(
هراﻮﻳد ندﻮﺑ فﺎﺻ ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا رد ﻢﻬﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ زا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد ﻪﻛC. verruculosus ﻪﻴﺒﺷ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﻞﻴﮔز مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ هراﻮﻳد ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑﺖﺳا ﺮﺑز و راد . ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
زا و ﺪﻨﻟزﻮﻴﻧ و ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣا ﺪﺤﺘﻣ تﻻﺎﻳا ،ادﺎﻧﺎﻛ ،نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا زا نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ يﺎﻫAvena sp. ،Deschampsia sp. ،Phleum sp. و
Sorghum sp. ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ)Sivanesan 1987 .( ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
اﺮﺑ شراﺰﮔ ﻦﻤﭼ و ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ و ناﺮﻳا زا رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ي
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ.
ﻞﻜﺷ3 - Curvularia protuberata :.A-E ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛG, F .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ،H .هﺪﻋﺎﻗ رد بذﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛJ .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻲﻧز
I .لﻮﻠﺳﻦﻴﺑ مرﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ)سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =10 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ.(
Fig. 3. Curvularia protuberata: A-E. Conidia, F, G. Conidiophores, H. Protuberant hilum at the base, J. Bipolar
germinating conidia, I. Swollen intercalary cells (Bars = 10 µm).
Exserohilum pedicellatum (A.W. Henry) K.J. Leonard
& Suggs 1974 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺞﻧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ سرﺎﻓ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘﻂﻴﺤﻣ يور چرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺸﻛPDA كﺮﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺮﻴﺗ يﺮﺘﺴﻛﺎﺧ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ و راد .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
هراﻮﻳد ،هدﺎﺳﻢﺧ و ﭻﻴﭘ ،رادهﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ و راديا لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ200 ﺎﺗ300 ﺮﻄﻗ و ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ4 ﺎﺗ7 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﻲﻣﺪﻧﺪﺷ .مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛار ﻚﻳ ياراد ،ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻛود ،ﺖﺳ
ﻚﻳرﺎﺑ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ رد ﻲﮔﺪﺷ ) ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﺒﻧد)pedicel like(هﻮﻬﻗ ، يا
هﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﺗ ياراد و هﺮﻴﺗ يا4 ﺎﺗ9 ) ﺐﻠﻏا4 ﺎﺗ6 (ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ .
هزاﺪﻧا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺎﻫ85 -45 × 30 -10 ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ
هﺪﻋﺎﻗ رد ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ و هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛلﻮﻠﺳ زا ﺎﻫﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻲﺒﻄﻗ يﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺷﺪﻨﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ) ﻞﻜﺷ4.(
47 ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395
ﻞﻜﺷ4-Exserohilum pedicellatum :.A-E ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛF-H .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ،I .ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻲﻧز)سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =50 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ(،
.J-K ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻲﻧز)سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =10 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ.(
Fig. 4. Exserohilum pedicellatum: A-E. Conidia, F-H. Conidiophores, I. Bipolar germinating conidia (Bars = 50 µ m),
J.K. Bipolar germinating conidia (Bars = 10 µm).
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ E. pedicellatumﻟﺎﺒﻧد دﻮﺟو ،
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ)ﻚﻳﺎﭘ (هﺪﻋﺎﻗ رد ﺖﺳا مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ . ﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا زا نﻮﻨﻛ
تﻻﺎﻳا و ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓا و نﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ ،نﺎﺘﺳوﺪﻨﻫ ،ﺮﺼﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا و ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣا ﺪﺤﺘﻣ يﺎﻫEchinochloa sp. و مﺪﻨﮔ ،ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ،
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ترذ)Sivanesan 1987 .( ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﻪﺸﻳر هاﺮﻤﻫ و ناﺮﻳا رد رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺞﻧﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ و
ﻲﻣ شراﺰﮔ سرﺎﻓ دﻮﺷ.
ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ و ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ زا يﺮﮕﻳد يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺎﻫExserohilum و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺒﺷ
ﻪﻟﺎﺒﻧد ﺖﻬﺟ زا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ E. pedicellatum
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .ﻳاﺪﺟ ياراد ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ3 ﺎﺗ5 ﻲﻛود ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ،بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ
ﺾﻳﺮﻋ و ﻞﻜﺷﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ قﻮﻓﺪﺳر. هزاﺪﻧا ﻂﺳﻮﺘ
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺎﻫ65 -55 × 40 -25 دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ . ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﻨﭼﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻴﻠﻛ رد يا، ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﻦﻳا دراد دﻮﺟو نﺎﻜﻣاﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﻳا زا ﺪﻳﺪﺟ يا
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .ﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺶﻴﺑ يﺎﻫﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﻦﻳا يور ﺮ ﺖﺳا مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺳد رد ﺎﻫ
) ﻞﻜﺷ5.(
ﻞﻜﺷ5 - Exserohilum sp. :A-D . مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ) سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =10 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ.(
Fig. 5. Exserohilum sp.: A-D. Conidia (Bars = 10 µm).
48 ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395
Exserohilum gedarefense (El Shafie) Alcorn 1983
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﻦﻤﭼ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ يور چرﺎﻗﻂﻴﺤ
ﺖﺸﻛPDA هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ و ﻲﻠﻤﺨﻣ يﺮﺘﺴﻛﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻣ هﺮﻴﺗ يا
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .ﻪﺴﻳرلﻮﻠﺳ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ رﻮﻓو ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ مرﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ9 ﺎﺗ13
ﺪﻧداد ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ. گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑهراﻮﻳد ،هدﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ يداﺮﻔﻧا ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،راد
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻳﻮﻧاز ﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد ،ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،يا400
ﺎﺗ600 ﺮﻄﻗ و ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ2 ﺎﺗ4 ﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛهﻮﻬﻗ ،ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ،فﺎﺻ ﺎﻫﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ،يا ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻛود ﺎﺗ يا
هﺪﺷ ﺾﻳﺮﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﺎﻳ و ﻂﺳو رد ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﻪﻛ) يزﺮﮔ
ﻞﻜﺷ ( ياراد و دﻮﺑ مرﻮﺗ يراﺪﻘﻣ ياراد نآ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺳ و3 ﺎﺗ10
) ﺐﻠﻏا8 (ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ بذﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺑ .فﺎﻔﺷ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧا لﻮﻠﺳ ود ﺮﺗ
زا لﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﻳﺎﺳﻲﻣ هﺪﻳد ﺎﻫ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ و ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧا بذﺎﻛ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ
ﻢﻴﺨﺿ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺗ هﺮﻴﺗ و ﺮﺗﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .هزاﺪﻧا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺎﻫ90-30 × 25-13 دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ . ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ
هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ و ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ 2 × 1 ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟمﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧزد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ دﻮﺑ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ و) ﻞﻜﺷ6.(
رد ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﺷﺎﭘ دﻮﺟو ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﻢﻬﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ زا
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧا لﻮﻠﺳ ود هﺮﻴﺗ و ﻢﻴﺨﺿ بذﺎﻛ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ دﻮﺟو و مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ
ﺖﺳا . نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﺼﻣ و نادﻮﺳ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳاSorghum
bicolor وOryza sativa ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ)Sivanesan 1987 .(
ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا شراﺰﮔ ﻦﻤﭼ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ و ناﺮﻳا زا رﺎ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ.
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋهﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ قﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ناﺮﻳا زا رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ رد ﺰﻴﻧ يﺮﮕﻳد يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا.
ﻞﻜﺷ6 - Exserohilum gedarefense :.A-G ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛH, I .گﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ،J, K .ﻮﺟﻪﻧا ،مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻲﻧزL .لﻮﻠﺳﻦﻴﺑ مرﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ
)سﺎﻴﻘﻣ =10 ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ.(
Fig. 6. Exserohilum gedarefense: A-G. Conidia, H, I. Conidiophores , J, K. Bipolar germinating conidia, L. Swollen
intercalary cells (Bars = 10 µ m).
Bipolaris australiensis (Bugnic. ex M.B. Ellis) Tsuda &
Ueyama 1981
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا دﺎﻳز تﺎﻌﻓد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﻦﻤﭼ يرادﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ناﺮﻳا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ) لوﺪﺟ1 .( ﻪﻧﻮﮔB. australiensis
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا ﻲﻌﻴﺳو ﺶﻨﻛاﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﺳا ناﺮﻳا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﻛا رد ﺐﻟﺎﻏ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷاد ﻦﻤﭼ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا نﺎﻴﻣﺪﻨﮔ يور .ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ يرادﺮﺑ
ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫزﺮﻣ رد ،ﻲﺑﺮﻋ هﺪﺤﺘﻣ تارﺎﻣا رد ﻦﻤﭼ زا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ ناﺮﻳاB. australiensis
ﺮﻈﻧ زا و ﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺖﺨﻳر يﺎﻫ ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻧاﺮﻳا .ﻦﻳا
نﺎﺘﺳا زا ناﺮﻳا رد نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،نﺎﻨﻤﺳ ،نﺎﺠﻧز ،زﺮﺒﻟا يﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﻣ زا و نﺎﻣﺮﻛ و سرﺎﻓ ،يﻮﺿر نﺎﺳاﺮﺧنﺎﺑ ،ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ،ﻮﺟ ،مﺪﻨﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ترذ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻦﻤﭼ و ﺐﻴﺳ ،ﺎﻣﺮﺧ ،يا)Abbasi
& Aliabbadi 2009, Ershad 2009, Barzegar &
Banihashemi 2011 .( زا ﻦﻤﭼ يور زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد
نﺎﺘﺳاﻲﻣ شراﺰﮔ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ و نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ يﺎﻫدﻮﺷ.
ﻲﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ هداز/ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ Bipolaris ،Curvularia وExserohilum /... ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺘﺳر17)1( ،1395 49
/ 49
Bipolaris indica (J.N. Rai) Wadhwani & Tewari 1970
،ﺮﻬﺷدازآ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد مﺪﻨﮔ كﺎﺧ و ﻪﺸﻳر زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا .ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ رد هﺪﺷ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ)Sivanesan 1987 (ﺖﺳا .
ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ﻦﻳامﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛ ياراد ﺎﻫهﻮﻬﻗ ،ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻏﺎﻤﭼ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هﺮﻴﺗ يا3
ﺎﺗ7 )ﻮﻤﻌﻣ3 ﺎﺗ5 (ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ بذﺎﻛ ﻨﺑ .ﻨﺷﺎﭘ ﺐﻠﻏا رد بذﺎﻛ
مﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﻛﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ .ﻪﺴﻳر ﻦﻴﺑ رد ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ و يﺮﻴﺠﻧز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ مرﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ8
ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ . و ﺎﻴﻧد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ زا نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زاﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫنﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﺪﻴﻠﻛ رد هﺪﺷ جرد)Sivanesan 1987( زا يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ،
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ شراﺰﮔ نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ مﺪﻨﮔ .ﻪﻳاﺪﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ
ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ نﻼﻴﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﺞﻧﺮﺑ زا رﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ
هﻮﻬﻗ ﻪﻜﻟ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﻣ نﻼﻴﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻫراﺰﻴﻟﺎﺷ رد ﺞﻧﺮﺑ يا ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
)Safari Motlagh et al. 2006.(
Bipolaris spicifera (Bainier) Subram. 1971
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺎﻫ غﺮﻣ ﻪﺸﻳر و ﻦﻤﭼ ﻪﺸﻳر ،كﺎﺧ زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ي
)Elymus repens ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ زاﺮﻴﺷ رد) لوﺪﺟ1 .( ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ B. australiensis ﺶﻴﺑ ياراد ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻤﭼ يور زا يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ رد ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ B. spicifera
ياراد
ﻪﻨﻣاد و ﺖﺳا ﺎﻴﻧد رد ﻲﻌﻴﺳو ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا ناﺮﻳا رد شراﺰﮔ ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ﻦﻤﭼ ،ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ)Ershad 2009, Abbasi & Aliabadi 2009,
Mirabolfathi & Ershad 2006, Barzegar & Banihashemi
2011.(
Exserohilum heteropogonicola Sivan. 1984
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺎﻫ زاﺮﻴﺷ رد ﻦﻤﭼ ﻪﺸﻳر و كﺎﺧ زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ي
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(ﻪﻧﻮﮔ C. heteropogonicola رد ﻼﺒﻗ
ﺲﻨﺟExserohilum مﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ وE. heteropogonicolai
ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ
دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ)Alcorn 1991 .( زا و ناﺮﻳا زا نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ يﺎﻫSorghum halepense ،Digitaria sp. وCynodon
dactylon ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ)Ahmadpour et al. 2011, 2012.(
Curvularia verruculosa Tandon & Bilgrami 1962 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ سرﺎﻓ نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر زا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ) لوﺪﺟ1 .(نﺎﺘﺳا زا نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا و ناﺮﻳا ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷﻪﺷﻮﺧ ترذ ،ترذ يﺎﻫ مﻮﮔرﻮﺳ و يا
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ)Ershad 2009.(
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑﺲﻨﺟ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺳر يﺎﻫﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ هﺮﺘﺴﮔ ناﺮﻳا رد
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ و ﺪﻧراد ﻲﻌﻴﺳو ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﺪﻧﻮﺷ .نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ، ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا يدوﺪﺤﻣ داﺪﻌﺗﺲﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
graminicolous ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناﺮﻳا رده ا .ﻲﻣ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﻛ دور
ﺶﻴﺑ داﺪﻌﺗﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳا زا يﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ناﺮﻳا رد ﺎﻫ
ﻊﻴﺳو تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺮﺗ يرادﺮﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يﺎﻫﺖﺳا يﺮﺗ . مزﻻ
يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﻪﻛ يدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺮﻛذ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫنﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا ار ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ هداد شراﺰﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻧا
)Ershad 2009(ﺲﻨﺟ ، يﺎﻫﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ
ﻚﺗ ﻪﭙﻟﭙﻟود نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ و هدﻮﺒﻧ يا يا ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ . ود ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ تﺎﻔﺻ دﻮﺟو ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ و ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ماﺰﻟا ،ﺲﻨﺟ ود ﻲﺘﺣ ﺎﻳ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ار ﻫد ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ زﺮﻣ ناﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد ﺎﺗ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ نﺎﻜﻣﻻا ﻲﺘﺣ و هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫنآ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ.
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... Recently the taxonomy and phylogeny of Exserohilum have been revised and based on molecular data 11 phylogenetic species have been accepted in this genus (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2018, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. Up to now, five Exserohilum species have been reported from Iran (Ahmadpour et al. 2013, Heidarian et al. 2016, 2020, Nemati & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 2016, Ershad 2022) and most of the presently known Exserohilum species have been identified based on morphology (Nemati & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 2016, Ershad 2022. In this study, we introduce a new species isolated from necrotic leaf lesions of Festuca sp. in Miyandoab, West Azarbaijan province, Iran. ...
... Recently the taxonomy and phylogeny of Exserohilum have been revised and based on molecular data 11 phylogenetic species have been accepted in this genus (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2018, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. Up to now, five Exserohilum species have been reported from Iran (Ahmadpour et al. 2013, Heidarian et al. 2016, 2020, Nemati & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 2016, Ershad 2022) and most of the presently known Exserohilum species have been identified based on morphology (Nemati & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 2016, Ershad 2022. In this study, we introduce a new species isolated from necrotic leaf lesions of Festuca sp. in Miyandoab, West Azarbaijan province, Iran. ...
Article
Full-text available
Exserohilum species are plant or human pathogens, saprobes or endophytes mostly associated with grasses including cultivated cereals. At present, 11 phylogenetic species have been accepted in this genus worldwide. In this study, we introduce a novel species, Exserohilum persianum on Festuca sp. (Poaceae, Poales) showing necrotic leaf lesions based on morphological characteristics and sequence data obtained from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) region, parts of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) genes. A detailed morphological description, illustration and comparison with closely allied species are provided.
... Most of the species of Curvularia encountered as saprobes or endophytes can be latent, opportunistic or invasive pathogens on the same or different hosts (Santos et al. 2018;Tan et al. 2018;Dai et al. 2019;Li et al. 2019;Zhang et al. 2020). Recent phytopathological studies confirm that graminicolous Curvularia species cause severe diseases on Section Editor: Marc Stadler economically important hosts worldwide (Nemati and Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 2016;Tan et al. 2018;Aslam et al. 2019;Janbozorgi et al. 2019). According to recent taxonomic treatments, some species previously placed in Bipolaris have been transferred to the genus Curvularia (Manamgoda et al. 2014(Manamgoda et al. , 2015Tan et al. 2014;Marin-Felix et al. 2020). ...
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The genus Curvularia comprises phytopathogenic, saprobic, epiphytic and endophytic fungal species associated with cereal crops and their wild relatives. Recently, multi-locus phylogenetic studies have been widely implemented for accurate identification of Curvularia, at the species level. Although the genus is taxonomically diverse, the species associated with cereal crops and weeds are poorly known in Sri Lanka. In this study, symptomatic specimens of cereals and associated weedy grass hosts were collected from selected locations in Sri Lanka. The isolates obtained were initially identified based on microscopic characters. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) loci were sequenced and used in multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Three novel evolutionary lineages were identified, distinct from all the currently accepted species of Curvularia. To accommodate the novel phylogenetic lineages, three novel species of Curvularia are described, namely Curvularia eleusinicola, C. panici-maximi and C. simmonsii. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for the newly described taxa. In addition, host records are updated for recently introduced C. plantarum and C. pseudointermedia. This study highlights the need for extensive collections and molecular identifications of tropical species of hyphomycetous fungi associated with cereals, fibre crops and weeds in order to support effective disease management and surveillance measures.
Book
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ABBASI M. and Aliabadi F. 2009. The list of fungi recorded in proceedings of 12th to 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress (1995-2008). Science and Art Publication, Tehran, Iran. This book is a fungus-host/substratum checklist of 1334 fungal species belonging to 432 genera on miscellaneous hosts/substrata reported in seven proceedings book of Iranian Plant Protection Congresses published during 1995-2008. The reported fungi are mostly plant parasitic species. Each fungus record in the book is documented by its host/substratum, locality, author(s), name of the congress and year of presentation. The current book is a valuable reference showing important plant parasitic fungi in Iran during the above 14 years period which mycologists and plant pathologists had been dealing with.
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In this study, 10 species of Bipolaris viz. B. bicolor, B. cynodontis, B. cylindrica, B. hawaiiensis, B. prieskaensis, B. sorghicola, B. sorokiniana, B. spicifera, B. zeae and B. zeicola and four species of Curvularia viz. C. fallax, C. heteropogonicola, C. inaequalis and C. lunata were identified on graminicolous species or soil. Bipolaris cylindrica, B. prieskaensis, B. zeae, C. fallax and C. heteropogonicola are newly reported from Iran. Some new host plants are reported for above-mentioned fungal species.
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We evaluate the phylogenetic distribution of known, highly virulent plant pathogens in the genus Cochliobolus (sexually reproducing species in the Ascomycota, Pleosporaceae) and assess the relationship between Cochliobolus species and species of Curvularia and Bipolaris (asexual states of fungi in the Ascomycota, Pleosporaceae). To infer a phylogeny, we have used two sequence regions: (i) the complete ITS 1, ITS 2, and 5.8S rDNA sequences for 65 fungal isolates and (ii) a 600 bp fragment of the housekeeping gene gpd, coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, for 54 isolates. We combined ITS, 5.8S and gpd sequence data from 41 species. In the Cochliobolus clade, 31 out of 32 species fit clearly into one of two groups. One species, Cochliobolus homomorphus, did not fit clearly into either group. The 13 species in Cochliobolus Group 1 grouped together with 100% bootstrap support from the combined ITS/gpd data. This group included Cochliobolus and Bipolaris species that cause serious crop losses, such as Co. sativus, Co. miyabeanus, Co. carbonum and Co. heterostrophus. However, within Group 1, the known, highly virulent pathogens did not form a monophyletic group of species. Average substitution levels between pairs of species in the Group 1 were low, about 1.7% in the ITS region, suggesting that these species had radiated rapidly and recently. The 18 species in Cochliobolus Group 2 formed a monophyletic group in 96% of parsimony bootstrap replicates of the combined ITS and gpd data. The Cochliobolus species that were transferred into the segregate genus Pseudocochliobolus were in this second group. This study included 9 Curvularia and Bipolaris species without known sexual states and they all appear to be recently derived from among sexual species of Cochliobolus. Both Curvularia and Bipolaris were polyphyletic, but only Bipolaris states were associated with Group 1 Cochliobolus species. Both Curvularia and Bipolaris states were associated with species in Cochliobolus Group 2.
Article
The new genus Exserohilum is established for species formerly included in Bipolaris (graminicolous Helminthosporium spp.) in which the conidial hilum is distinctly protuberant. The ascigerous states of Exserohilum spp. are placed in the new genus Setosphaeria, which is segregated from Keissleriella (= Trichometasphaeria) on the basis of lack of a clypeus, lysigenous development of the ostiole, occurrence of setae on the perithecial wall, the absence of periphyses in the ostiole, and the hyphomycetous conidial states. A new species, E. prolatum, and its ascigerous state, S. prolata, are described. Exserohilum prolatum was isolated from corn seed and leaves but is also pathogenic to several other gramineous species. It is heterothallic and produces ascocarps readily in culture. The following new combinations are made: Exserohilum rostratum (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs, E. halodes (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs, E. holmii (Luttrell) Leonard & Suggs, E. pedicellatum (Henry) Leonard & Suggs, E. monoceras (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs, E. frumentaceum (Mitra) Leonard & Suggs, E. turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs, Setosphaeria holmii (Luttrell) Leonard & Suggs, S. pedicellata (Nelson) Leonard & Suggs, S. turcica (Luttrell) Leonard & Suggs.
Article
We evaluate the phylogenetic distribution of known, highly virulent plant pathogens in the genus Cochliobolus (sexually reproducing species in the Ascomycota, Pleosporaceae) and assess the relationship between Cochliobolus species and species of Curvularia and Bipolaris (asexual states of fungi in the Ascomycota, Pleosporaceae). To infer a phylogeny, we have used two sequence regions: (i) the complete ITS 1, ITS 2, and 5.88 rDNA sequences for 65 fungal isolates and (ii) a 600 bp fragment of the housekeeping gene gpd, coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, for 54 isolates. We combined ITS, 5.8S and gpd sequence data from 41 species. Ln the Cochliobolus clade, 31 out of 32 species fit clearly into one of two groups. One species, Cochliobolus homomorphus, did not fit clearly into either group. The 13 species in Cochliobolus Group I grouped together with 100% bootstrap support from the combined ITS/gpd data. This group included Cochliobolus and Bipolaris species that cause serious crop losses, such as Co. sativus, Co. miyabeanus, Co. carbonum and Co. heterostrophus. However; within Group 1, the known, highly virulent pathogens did not form a monophyletic group of species. Average substitution levels between pairs of species in the Group 1 were low, about 1.7% in the ITS region, suggesting that these species had radiated rapidly and recently. The 18 species in Cochliobolus Group 2 formed a monophyletic group in 96% of parsimony bootstrap replicates of the combined ITS and gpd data. The Cochliobolus species that were transferred into the segregate genus Pseudocochliobolus were in this second group. This study included 9 Curvularia and Bipolaris species without known sexual states and they all appear to be recently derived from among sexual species of Cochliobolus. Both Curvularia and Bipolaris were polyphyletic, but only Bipolaris states were associated with Group 1 Cochliobolus species. Both Curvularia and Bipolaris states were associated with species in Cochliobolus Group 2.
Article
The new genus Exserohilum is established for species formerly included in Bipolaris (graminicolous Helminthosporium spp.) in which the conidial hilum is distinctly protuberant. The ascigerous states of Exserohilum spp. are placed in the new genus Setosphaeria, which is segregated from Keissleriella (= Trichometasphaeria) on the basis of lack of a clypeus, lysigenous development of the ostiole, occurrence of setae on the perithecial wall, the absence of periphyses in the ostiole, and the hyphomycetous conidial states. A new species, E. prolatum, and its ascigerous state, S. prolata, are described. Exserohilum prolatum was isolated from corn seed and leaves but is also pathogenic to several other gramineous species. It is heterothallic and produces ascocarps readily in culture. The following new combinations are made: Exserohilum rostratum (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs, E. halodes (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs, E. holmii (Luttrell) Leonard & Suggs, E. pedicellatum (Henry) Leonard & Suggs, E. monoceras (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs, E. frumentaceum (Mitra) Leonard & Suggs, E. turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs, Setosphaeria holmii (Luttrell) Leonard & Suggs, S. pedicellata (Nelson) Leonard & Suggs, S. turcica (Luttrell) Leonard & Suggs.
Article
The objective of the present study was to investigate fungal pathogens associated with turfgrass decline in Shiraz parks and other city landscapes. During 2007-2008 numerous samples of turfgrass showing chlorosis and decline were collected from different turfgrass growing regions. Several fungi were isolated from root and leaves of declining turfgrasses. The results showed that the prevalent species were as follows: Fusarium culmorum, F species of Rhizoctonia solani, R. zeae and binucleate Rhizoctonia species. Pathogenicity test for each species was carried out under greenhouse condition using standard methods. The virulence of the fungal isolates was evaluated and the means of disease incidence were compared using Duncan multiple rang test. Among fungal species recovered, F. semitectum, P. aphanidermatum , R. solani AG2-2IIIB and B. sorokiniana were more pathogenic than others.