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SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC WALLETS
Prof. Venkata SuryaNarayana Tinnaluri
Dept. of Information Technology, DDE,
Sikkim Manipal University, India.
ABSTRACT
In this paper,i am going to discuss, the need of Security systems for our Electronic
Wallets, ATM’s which become a part of our regular lives. In present scenarios there is no
specific security mechanism for physical machines, some of ATMcabins/rooms have entry
detectors but maximum situation these methods are fail due to the policies of banks, such any
bank card can use for transaction at any ATM’s, certain number of attempts, the verification
and validations can be done twice in each and every entry, (ones for door detector and
second is transaction of a process) the Execution time of a process increases, obviously it will
reflect on time complexity. So to provide security for physical machine by using the
GSM/GPS [9] module connected to ATM machine which can use to trace the current location
of the Machine is read and it sent through message to the server or a control room, by which
it is possible to provide security for physical Attack on Machines. As result we can reduce the
thefts and misusing’s.
Keywords:Global positioning system(GPS), Automated Teller Machine(ATM), Vibration
Sensing, Global system for mobile communication(GSM).
Introduction:
All Electronic systems, Automatic Teller Machines are particularly hard to protect in
physical sense,these are easily concealable by thieve with latest technologies, the loss of even
a single machine can induce dramatically costs tothe organization. Thus, Organizations are
investing huge amount of money towards provide security to their machines, which causes
interlinked with stockholder‟s burden as maintenance charges of transaction of customers.
GE-International Journal of Engineering Research
Vol. 4, Issue 9, September 2016 IF- 4.721
ISSN(O):(2321-1717), ISSN(P):(2394-420X)
© Associated Asia Research Foundation (AARF) Publication
Website: www.aarf.asia Email : editor@aarf.asia , editoraarf@gmail.com

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories.
GE-International Journal of Engineering Research (GE-IJER) ISSN (O):(2321-1717), ISSN(P):(2394-420X)
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The all main Centres of cities and hospitals, university campus, shopping malls such are the
key points of physical existences of ATM‟s which provides technology serving to the society.
for example, [8],accessnumber of people that can wander in the turf everyday uses out that
72% of data opening occur in all open to the public. So it becomehighly accessible in these
environments. So, the problem for securityprofessionalsto face the challenge as, how to
protect and provide secure mechanism in such opensituation.
 Measuring the physical machine parameters such as position[9], time, andvelocity and
so on by the help of wireless sensors, the sensor in thissystem is GPS sensor.
 Recording the obtained parameters by the temporary loggerunit [9].Microcontroller
acts as temporary login/logger unit.
 Uploading / accessing the recorded data [9]. The process involvedis called telemetry
which is achieve by GPRS.
 Finally, analysis and presentation of recorded data throughinternet [9] or through the
response to the SMS request by thesubscriber.
Case study:As per statisticalanalysis many as one in fiftyATM Machines will befacing
insecurity in physical senses over the lifetime of eachmachine. That‟s 10% of ATM „s is
replacing machine by this effects. And thisdismal scenario is extremely common around 60%
oforganisations are affected.
Yet it‟s worrying that most ATM‟s58% are stolen attempts fromrural areas and crud
less areas. The research shows that the most likely places identifications for a thief to strike.
Shopping complex lobbies may seem to be the most dangerous places for ATMthefts because
of unknown strangers.The average cost to a business of Teller machines loss is $1,48,000.

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010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Neither
Loss reflects
Theft
CASE STUDY
Series -4
Series- 3
Series- 2
Series- 1
Objectives:
The main objective of the project is foremost building amachine tracking device that would
be used in a real world. Thedevice could be used for wide object such as tracking,navigation,
fleet and traffic management etc. Also the projecthelps us to get more familiar with existing
GPS and GSM/GPRS [9]networks. So far we have only been able to view the theoreticalside
of the system but after the project completion we are sure toget familiar with practical side of
it. The GPS and GSM/GPRSservices have not been fully exploited yet. Therefore, we wish
tobuild a base upon which more excellent application of themachine tracking systems are
built in future. Therefore, we can saythat our project is both research and application based.
To bemore specific the objectives of the project can be categorised asfollows.
 To implement a data logging system, which can be used fortelemetry.
 To shine how systems can be combined for the purpose oftelemetry.
 To shine light about how new technologies can be exploitedfor the benefit of human
beings.
 To understand in detail, the electronics behind the GPS andGSM/GPRS

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GPS Technology overview:
GPS is a network of satellites that constantly transmitcoded information, which makes
it impossible to preciselyidentify locations on earth by measuring distance from thesatellites.
As stated in the definition above, GPS stands forGlobal Positioning System [9], and refers to
a group of U.S.Department of Defence satellite continuously circling the earth [2].The
satellites transmit very low power radio signals allowinganyone with a GPS recipient to
determine their location.
GPS Working Strategies:
GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very preciseorbit and transmit signal
information to earth. GPS receiverstake this information and use triangulation to calculate the
user'sexact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the timea signal was transmitted
by a satellite with the time it wasreceived. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how
faraway the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from afew more satellites, the
receiver can determine the user'sposition and display it on the unit's electronic map. A
GPSreceiver must be locked on to the signal of at least threesatellites to calculate a 2D
position (latitude and longitude) andtrack movement [9]. With four or more satellites in view,
thereceiver can determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitudeand altitude). Once the
user's position has been determined, theGPS unit can calculate other information, such as
speed,distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more.Recent developments in GPS
like DGPS have made thepositioning even more accurate. The USCG beacons and theWAAS
Fig 1: ATM Machine

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systems are the kinds of DGPS which correct the datafrom the satellites with appropriate
environmental error models.
GPS Sensor:
The GPS receiver used for our purpose is the GARMIN 15LGPS receiver. The sensor
first has to be initialized according tothe formats in which we required the data. There are
certainNMEA: National Marine Electronics Association, sentencesthat help us to
communicates with the receiver. These sentencesare the Garmin proprietary NMEA
sentences.
Sensor countenance:
• 12-channel GPS receiver tracks and uses up to 12 satellites forfast, accurate
positioning and low power consumption.
• Differential DGPS capability yielding 3–5-meter positionaccuracy.
• Compact, rugged design ideal for applications with minimalspace.
• Beneficiary status information can be displayed directly on a PC.
• User initialization is not required. Once installed and a fix isobtained, the unit
automatically produces navigation data.
• User-configurable navigation mode (2-dimensional or 3-dimensional fix).
• In Built backup battery to maintain real-time clock for up to21 days. Provision for
external power to maintain the real-timeclock for longer intervals.
• Non-volatile memory and FLASHbased program. Newsoftware revisions upgradeable
through Website download andserial interface. Any secondary storage memory does
not require batterybackup.
Technical Specifications:
• It requires an 8-pinJSTconnector and 1-milimeterpitch, Mating wire harness
• A MCX male antenna has to be connected with the femaleMCX connector in the sensor
• Required voltage range is 3.3 VDC to 5.4VDC(must have lessthan 100mV (peak-to-peak
ripple)
• Input current is 100 mA peak, 85 mA nominal at 3.3 to 5.0 VDC.

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GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) Technologies:
GSM is thetechnology that underpins most of the world's mobile phonenetworks. The
GSM platform is a hugely successful wirelesstechnology and an unprecedented story of
global achievementand cooperation. GSM has become the world's fastest
growingcommunications technology of all time and the leading globalmobile standard,
spanning 218 countries. GSM is an open,digital cellular technology used for transmitting
mobile voiceand data services. GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHzbands GSM
supports data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps,allowing the transmission of basic data
services such as SMS.
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem whichaccepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobileoperator, just like a mobile phone. GSM (Global
system formobile) uses a process called circuit switching. This method ofcommunication
allows a path to be established between twodevices. Once the two devices are connected, a
constant streamof digital data is relayed. GSM networks consist of three majorsystems the
Switching System (SS), The Base Station(BSS) andthe Mobile station(MS).
a. The Switching System
The Switching system is very operative system in whichmany crucial operations are
conducted, SS systems holds fivedatabases with in it which performs different functions. If
we
talk about major tasks of SS system it performs call processingand subscriber related
functions. These databases from SSsystems are HLR, MSC, VLR, AUC and EIR. The MSC
incooperation with Home Location register (HLR) and Visitorlocation register (VLR), take
care of mobile calls and routing ofphone calls. Authentication centre (AUC) is small unit
whichhandles the security end of the system and Equipment identityregister (EIR) is another
important database which holds crucialinformation regarding mobile equipment‟s.
b. The Base Station System (BSS):
The base station system have very important role in mobilecommunication. BSS are
basically outdoor units which consistof iron rods and are usually of high length. BSS are

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responsiblefor connecting subscribers (MS) to mobile networks. All thecommunication is
made in Radio transmission. The Base StationSystem is further divided in two systems.
These two systems,they are BTS and BSC. BTS (Base Transceiver station)
handlescommunication using radio transmission with mobile station andBSC (Base station
controller) creates physical link betweensubscriber (MS) and BTS, then manage and controls
functionsof it.
c. Mobile Station (Subscriber):
MS consist of a mobile unit and a smart card which is alsoreferred as a subscriber
Identity Module (SIM) card. This cardfitted with the GSM Modem and gives the user more
personalmobility. The equipment itself is identified by a unique numberknown as the
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI).
GSM-GRPS terminal (GM862-GPRS):
Featur:
The GSM/GPRS device that we are using is Telit GM862The GM862-GPRS with its
EASY GPRS feature is a specialdevice. It embeds and controls the PPP/ (UDP) TCP/IP
protocolstack inside itself. In this way the local-host sees a "virtual serialline" connection
with the application software on the servermachine. Differently from other GPRS devices
that embed theTCP/IP protocol stack; an EASY GPRS device, such as theGM862-GPRS,
does not provide a set of API functions tointerface with the protocol stack but it automatically
manages itinternally as specified when starting the connection. It alsoincludes all the features
of a standard GSM device.
Specifications:
Quad-band 900 / 1800 MHz or 850 / 1900 MHz GSM / GPRSModem
• Internet, Data, SMS, Voice, Fax, TCP/IP Services and EASYGPRS Commands
• Remote Control by AT Commands (according to GSM 07.07and GSM 07.05)
• Input voltage 5.5 V to 12 V DCCurrent 1.8A peak at 5.5 V, 330 mA average at 5.5

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• SIM Interface 3V / 5 V
• Weight125 gram
Input/Output Format:
AT-Command (ATtention, used to start a command line):
Mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem are controlled andbriefed through commands
called AT commands. The AT isanconsideration commands and is use as a prefix to other
parameterin a string. The AT command combine with other parameterscan be set up in the
communication package or typed inmanually as a command line instruction A terminal
program'sfunction is like this: It sends the data that you typed to themobile phone or
GSM/GPRS modem. It then displays theresponse it receives from the mobile phone or
GSM/GPRSmodem on the screen. The terminal program on MicrosoftWindows is called
HyperTerminal which was used for therequired setting of the GPRS device. The Telit GM862
wirelessmodule can be consumed via the serial interface using the standardAT commands.
The Telit GM862 wireless module is complaintwith Hayes standard AT command set (to
maintaincompatibility with existing programs), GSM specific ATcommands and GPRS
specific commands. This module alsosupports proprietary AT commands for special
purposes.
Some AT commands used with Telit GM862 module
The carriage return<CR> and line feed <LF> after everycommand is implied.
The AT commands used were:
• AT(ATtention, used to start a command line) +CMGF: Message Format
AT+CMGF=<[mode]>
Select the SMS format to be used in reading and writing
messages.
<[mode]>

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<[Mode]>
0
PDU mode
1
text mode
Test command:
AT+CMGF=? Reports the supported value of <[mode]>
parameter.
For example:
AT+CMGF=1
The above command will select the SMS format as text mode.
• AT+CMGS: Send message
AT+CMGS=<[da]>
<[da]>=destination address number.
The device respond to the command with the prompt „>‟ andwaits for message text (max 160
character)[2]. To complete theoperation, send ctrl-Z char (0x1A).
For example:
AT+CMGF=1[Enter]
AT+CMGS="+491711234567"[Enter] >Please call office ^ZHere +CMGF=1 will set the
modem in text mode.
After the+CMGS you enterthe number the message is intended to inbetween quotation signs
[1]. The message in ourcase “Please calloffice” is written in the next line and terminated by
ctrl+Z (^Zequals ctrl+Z).
• AT+CNMI: New message indications to terminalequipment
AT+CNMI=<[mode]>[,<mt>[,<bm>[,<ds>[,<bfr>]]]]
The MCU does not require any new message indication. Hencethe indications are disabled
with the command:

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AT+CNMI=0,0,0,0,0
The above command will indicate the first 0 as bufferunsolicited result codes buffering
option buffer is full [7]. Second 0-no SMS-deliver indications are reported to the TE. Third 0-
Cellbroadcast message are not send to the DTE. Forth 0- Statusreport receiving is not
reported to the DTE.And last 0- TA buffer of unsolicited result codes define withinthis
commands is flushed to the TE.
• AT+CMGR: Read message
AT+CMGR=<[index]>Read the message with location valueindex.
Example:
AT+CMGR=4 This command will read the message on locationno 4 of the sim card.
• AT+CMGD:Delete message
AT+CMGD=<[index]>[<deflag>]
<[index]>-message position index in the selected storage
<deflag>
Delete mode selection flag
0
Delete all message at position index
1
Delete all received messages
2
Delete all received read and all send
messages
3
Delete all received and all written
messages
4
Delete all messages
Example:
AT+CMGD=1,0

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This command will deleted the message of stored location no.1
AT+IPR=4800
This command sets the baud rate of the GPRS device to 4800.
Microcontroller:
The microcontroller is the heart of this device. It is theinterface between the GSM
module and the GPS receiver. Amicrocontroller is a small computer on a single integrated
circuitcontaining a processor core, data memory, A/D converter andprogrammable
input/output peripherals. In this device themicrocontroller is programmed in such a way that
it stimulatesthe GSM modem in message forwarding when a request is sendby the user.
Microcontrollers are much smaller and simplified sothat they can include all the functions
required on a single chip.Having the microcontroller is of great use, as it has low designcost
and add intelligence to the system.
Vibrated Sensor: In this applications we have to embed a vibrated sensorto ATM machines,
it can also be the one of input value for GSM module, which uses the GSM module respond
automatically too. In present days the vibration sensors increasing the sensitivity accuracy
increasing, so we can embed with our design it gives us sophisticated results for real time.
Design of Tracking system:
ATM
GSM
GPS MODULE
MODULE MICRO
VIBRATION CONTROLER
DETECTOR

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Conclusion:
In this paper we evaluate, the current design is anembedded application, which will
continuously monitor Machineand report the status of the ATM on demand. For doing so
anARM7 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modemand GPS Receiver. The GPS
modem will continuously give thedata i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of
theMachine. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output desired demand.
When the request by user is sent to the number at the internal unit,the system
automatically sends a return reply to that mobileindicating the position of the machine in
terms of latitude andlongitude. The block diagram of tracking system using GPS andGSM
technology is presented in figure. The project is machinepositioning and navigation system
we can locate the machinearound the globe with micro controller, GPS receiver,
GSMmodem. Microcontroller preferred is ARM7. The code is written inthe internal memory
of Microcontroller i.e. ROM. With help ofinstruction set it processes the instructions and it
acts asinterface between GSM and GPS with help of serialcommunication of ARM7. GPS
always transmits the data andGSM transmits and receive the data.
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