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Phytotaxa 270 (4): 267–276
http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/
Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Accepted by Samantha Karunarathna: 28 Jul. 2016; published: 24 Aug. 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.4.3
267
A new species of Skeletocutis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan of China
LU-SEN BIAN, CHANG-LIN ZHAO & FANG WU*
Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
*Corresponding authors’ e-mail: fangwubjfu2014@yahoo.com (FW)
Abstract
A new species of Polyporales, named as Skeletocutis yunnanensis, was collected on angiosperm wood in northern Yunnan
Province, southwestern China. It is described based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. The species
belongs to the Skeletocutis subincarnata complex, but differs morphologically from all known species of the genus by white,
cream to buff pores surface, angular pores mostly 5–6 per mm with entire mouths, a dimitic hyphal structure both in trama
and subiculum, generative hyphae in whole basidiocarps covered by fine crystals, skeletal hyphae unchanged in KOH, not
agglutinated, allantoid basidiospores measured as 3.5–4.5 × 1.0–1.2 m, and growth on angiosperm wood. Phylogenetic
analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene re-
gions indicated that the new species grouped with Skeletocutis and nested in the tyromyces clade.
Key words: Phylogeny, Polyporaceae, Taxonomy, Wood-inhabiting fungi
Introduction
The genus Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar was established in 1958 by the type species Polyporus amorphus Fr. (Kotlába &
Pouzar 1958). It is a difficult polypore genus in taxonomy because many species in this genus have tiny basidiospores,
e.g., Skeletocutis chrysella Niemelä, S. inflata B.K. Cui, S. kuehneri A. David, S. lilacina A. David & Jean Keller, S.
luteolus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, S. nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller, S. ochroalba Niemelä and S. stellae (Pilát) Jean Keller
have narrowly allantoid spores, and the spore width is less than 1 m (Niemelä 1998, Cui & Dai 2008). Skeletocutis
is phylogenetically closed to Tyromyces P. Karst., Ceriporiopsis Domaski and Piloporia Niemelä, and they cluster
within the tyromyces clade (Binder et al. 2005, 2013). Although Skeletocutis is a cosmopolitan genus, most species
in the genus were found in boreal and temperate forests from the northern hemisphere (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987,
Niemelä 1998, Dai 2012, Ryvarden & Melo 2014). A comprehensive study on the resupinate Skeletocutis was made by
Niemelä mostly based on morphological characteristics and ecological habits, and several new species were described
from Europe (Niemelä 1998). Previously 22 species including four species described from China were recorded in the
country (Dai 2012, Cui 2013). During the survey of lignicolous fungi in China, two specimens were collected from
Jizushan Forest Park, Yunnan Province, southwestern China, and they have resupinate basidiocarps, relatively small
pores, a dimitic hyphal structure, generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and fine, sharp-pointed encrustations,
especially at the dissepiment edge, bottle-shaped cystidioles, and allantoid basidiospores. These characters fit the
genus Skeletocutis well, and there is no suitable existing name is available for them, and here we describe them as new.
To confirm the affinity of the new species, phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed
spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU) sequences.
Materials and methods
Morphological studies
Studied specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC).
The microscopic procedure follows Dai (2010). Microscopic measurements were made from slide preparations stained
with Cotton Blue, Melzer’s reagent and 5% potassium hydroxide. In the text the following abbreviations were used:
BIAN ET AL.
268 • Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press
KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, IKI = Melzer’s reagent, IKI- = neither amyloid nor dextrinoid, CB = Cotton Blue,
CB- = cyanophilous, L = mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetic
average of all spores), Q = variation in the ratios of L/W between specimens studied, n = number of spores measured
from given number of specimens. Special color terms followed Petersen (1996).
Molecular procedures and phylogenetic analyses
The collections of the new species and other fungal taxa used in this study are listed in Table 1. The methods of DNA
extraction and amplification in this study followed Chen et al. (2016). CTAB rapid plant genome extraction kit-DN14
(Aidlab Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Beijing) was used to extract total genomic DNA from dried specimens of the new
collections according to the manufacturer’s instructions with some modifications. The primers ITS5 (GGA AGT AAA
AGT CGT AAC AAG G, 5’ to 3’)/ITS4 (TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC, 5’ to 3’) and LR0R (ACC CGC TGA
ACT TAA GC, 5’ to 3’)/LR7 (TAC TAC CAC CAA GAT CT, 5’ to 3’) were used for PCR amplifications (primer
sequences used in this study were obtained from http://www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm). The PCR
products were sequenced in Beijing Genomics Institute, China, with the same primers. The newly generated sequences
were deposited at GenBank and are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1. A list of species, specimens, and GenBank accession number of sequences used in this study
Species name Sample no. GenBank accession no.
ITS nLSU
Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer TFRI 274 EU232187 EU232235
Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk CBS 308.82 DQ491414 AY515348
A. heteromorpha (Fr.) Donk CBS 200.91 DQ491415 AY515350
Antrodiella americana Ryvarden & Gilb. Gothenburg 3161 JN710509 JN710509
A. semisupina (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ryvarden FCUG 960 EU232182 EU232266
Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst. NBRC 4983 AB733156 AF287848
Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia C.L. Zhao, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai Cui 4136 KF845948 KF845955
C. balaenae Niemelä H7002389 FJ496669 FJ496717
C. consobrina (Bres.) Ryvarden Rivoire 977 FJ496667 FJ496716
C. fimbriata C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai Dai 11672 KJ698633 KJ698637
C. gilvescens (Bres.) Domaski BRNM 667882 FJ496685 FJ496719
C. gilvescens BRNM 710166 FJ496684 FJ496720
C. guidella Bernicchia & Ryvarden HUBO 7659 FJ496687 FJ496722
C. rosea C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai Dai 13584 KJ698636 KJ698640
C. semisupina C.L. Zhao, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai Cui 10222 KF845949 KF845956
C. semisupina Cui 10189 KF84595 KF845958
Cinereomyces lindbladii (Berk.) Jülich KHL 12078 FN907906 FN907906
Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar KH 13318 JQ031126 JQ031126
Coriolopsis caperata (Berk.) Murrill LE(BIN)-0677 AB158316 AB158316
Dacryobolus karstenii (Bres.) Oberw. ex Parmasto KHL 11162 EU118624 EU118624
Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers. HHB 8735 FJ403214 —
Earliella scabrosa (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden PR1209 JN165009 JN164793
Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst. ATCC 76767 DQ491410 DQ491410
F. pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. CCBAS 536 FJ608588 —
Fragiliporia fragilis Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao Dai 13080 KJ734260 KJ734264
F. fragilis Dai 13559 KJ734261 KJ734265
F. fragilis Dai 13561 KJ734262 KJ734266
Ganoderma lingzhi Sheng H. Wu, Y. Cao & Y.C. Dai Wu 1006-38 JQ781858 —
Gelatoporia subvermispora (Pilát) Niemelä HK 20823 FN907911 FN907911
Grammothelopsis subtropica B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao Cui 9041 JQ845096 JQ845099
...continued on the next page
A NEW SPECIES OF SKELETOCUTIS (POLYPORALES) Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 269
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species name Sample no. GenBank accession no.
ITS nLSU
Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. PFC 5252 KC492906 KC492906
Hornodermoporus martius (Berk.) Teixeira MUCL 41677 FJ411092 FJ393859
Hypochnicium lyndoniae (D.A. Reid) Hjortstam NL 041031 JX124704 JX124704
Junghuhnia nitida (Pers.) Ryvarden KHL 11903 EU118638 EU118638
Mycoacia fuscoatra (Fr.) Donk KHL 13275 JN649352 JN649352
M. nothofagi (G. Cunn.) Ryvarden KHL 13750 GU480000 GU480000
Obba rivulosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Miettinen & Rajchenb. KCTC 6892 FJ496693 FJ496710
O. valdiviana (Rajchenb.) Miettinen & Rajchenb. FF 503 HQ659235 HQ659235
Perenniporia medulla-panis (Jacq.) Donk MUCL 49581 FJ411088 FJ393876
Perenniporiella neofulva (Lloyd) Decock & Ryvarden MUCL 45091 FJ411080 FJ393852
Phlebia livida (Pers.) Bres. FCUG 2189 AF141624 AF141624
P. radiata Fr. UBCF 19726 HQ604797 HQ604797
P. subserialis (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk FCUG 1434 AF141631 AF141631
Piloporia sajanensis (Parmasto) Niemelä Mannine 2733a HQ659239 HQ659239
Podoscypha venustula (Speg.) D.A. Reid CBS 65684 JN649367 JN649367
Polyporus tuberaster (Jacq. ex Pers.) Fr. CulTENN 8976 AF516598 AJ488116
Postia guttulata (Peck ex Sacc.) Jülich KHL 11739 EU11865 EU11865
Sebipora aquosa Miett. Miettinen 8680 HQ659240 HQ659240
Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar Miettinen 11038 FN907913 FN907913
S. chrysella Niemelä FD-305 KP135310 KP135286
S. diluta (Rajchenb.) A. David & Rajchenb. JV 100861 JF692198 JF692198
S. jelicii Torti & A. David H 6002113 FJ496690 FJ496727
S. nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller ES 2008 JX109858 JX109858
S. ochroalba Niemelä JK 1208/8 KF840389 —
S. portcrosensis A. David LY 3493 FJ496689 FJ496689
S. yunnanensis L.S. Bian, C.L. Zhao & F. Wu Dai 15709 KU950434aKU950436a
S. yunnanensis Dai 15712 KU950435aKU950437a
S. sp. KUC 20121109-07 KJ668457 KJ668309
S. sp. DLL 2010-112 JQ673133 —
S. sp. NMM-2009 FJ791129 —
Steccherinum fimbriatum (Pers.) J. Erikss. KHL 11905 EU118668 EU118668
S. ochraceum (Pers.) Gray KHL 11902 JQ031130 JQ031130
Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. NBRC 6520 AB733150 AB733325
Truncospora ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilát MUCL 39726 FJ411098 FJ393865
Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst. Cui 10225 KF698745 KF698756
Xanthoporus syringae (Parmasto) Audet Gothenburg 1488 JN710607 JN710607
a Newly generated sequences for this study
Sequencher 4.6 (GeneCodes, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was used to edit the DNA sequence. Sequences were aligned
by MAFFT 6 (Katoh & Toh 2008; http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/) using the “G-INS-I” strategy and manually
adjusted in BioEdit (Hall 1999). The sequence alignment was deposited in TreeBase (submission ID 19074). Sequences
of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. obtained from GenBank were used as
outgroups to root trees following Binder et al. (2013) in the phylogenetic analyses.
Maximum parsimony analysis was applied to the ITS, nLSU and ITS+nLSU dataset sequences. Approaches to
phylogenetic analysis followed Zhao et al. (2013), and the tree construction procedure was performed in PAUP* version
4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). All characters were equally weighted and gaps were treated as missing data. Trees were
BIAN ET AL.
270 • Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press
inferred using the heuristic search option with TBR branch swapping and 1000 random sequence additions. Max-trees
were set to 5000, branches of zero length were collapsed and all parsimonious trees were saved. Clade robustness was
assessed using a bootstrap (BT) analysis with 1,000 replicates (Felsenstein 1985). Descriptive tree statistics tree length
(TL), consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), rescaled consistency index (RC), and homoplasy index (HI) were
calculated for each Maximum Parsimonious Tree (MPT) generated. Sequences were also analyzed using Maximum
Likelihood (ML) with RAxML-HPC2 on Abe through the Cipres Science Gateway (www.phylo.org). Branch support
for ML analysis was determined by 1000 bootstrap replicate.
MrModeltest 2.3 (Posada & Crandall 1998; Nylander 2004) was used to determine the best-fit evolution model
for each data set for Bayesian inference (BI). Bayesian inference was calculated with MrBayes3.1.2 with a general
time reversible (GTR) model of DNA substitution and a gamma distribution rate variation across sites (Ronquist &
Huelsenbeck 2003). Four Markov chains were run for 2 runs from random starting trees for 5 million generations
(ITS+nLSU) and trees were sampled every 100 generations. The first one-fourth generations were discarded as burn-
in. A majority rule consensus tree of all remaining trees was calculated. Branches that received bootstrap support for
maximum likelihood (BS), maximum parsimony (BP) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) greater than or equal
to 75 % (BP) and 0.95 (BPP) were considered as significantly supported, respectively.
Results
Phylogeny
The combined dataset (ITS+nLSU) included sequences from 66 fungal specimens representing 60 species. The dataset
had an aligned length of 2411 characters, of which 1416 characters are constant, 281 are variable and parsimony-
uninformative, and 714 are parsimony-informative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded 2 equally parsimonious
trees (TL = 5593, CI = 0.302, HI = 0.698, RI = 0.551, RC = 0.166). Best model for the combined ITS+nLSU estimated
and applied in the Bayesian analysis: GTR+I+G, lset nst = 6, rates = invgamma; prset statefreqpr = dirichlet (1,1,1,1).
Bayesian analysis and ML analysis resulted in a similar topology as MP analysis, with an average standard deviation
of split frequencies = 0.006102.
The phylogeny (Fig. 1) inferred from the combined ITS+nLSU sequences demonstrated seven major clades for
66 species of the Polyporales. The new species clustered into the tyromyces clade and formed a monophyletic lineage
with a high support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to Skeletocutis portcrosensis A. David and
Skeletocutis sp. with a lower support (71% BS, 61% BP, 0.75 BPP).
Taxonomy
Skeletocutis yunnanensis L.S. Bian, C.L. Zhao & F. Wu, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3)
MycoBank: MB 816294
Skeletocutis yunnanensis is characterized by resupinate, white to buff pore surface, almost lacking sterile margin
when mature, angular pores mostly 5–6 per mm with entire mouths, a dimitic hyphal structure throughout all parts of
fruiting body, generative hyphae in subiculum and trama covered by fine crystals, skeletal hyphae unchanged in KOH,
allantoid basidiospores measured as 3.5–4.5 × 1.0–1.2 m, and growth on angiosperm wood.
Type.—CHINA. Yunnan Province, Dali, Binchuan County, Jizushan Forest Park, on fallen angiosperm branch in
temperate forest, 30 Aug 2015, Fang Wu (Holotype, BJFC019813!).
Etymology.—Yunnanensis (Lat.): refers to the locality of the type species.
Fruiting body.—Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, very difficult to separate from substrate, soft leathery and
without odour or taste when fresh, becoming soft corky to fragile upon drying, up to 5 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 1.4
mm thick at centre. Pore surface white when fresh, pale buff when bruised, cream to buff upon drying, bruised part
becoming buff-yellow when dry; margin distinct when juvenile, consistent white, up to 2 mm, narrow to almost lacking
when mature; pores angular, freely arranged, mostly 5–6 per mm, some part irregular, 3–4 per mm; dissepiments thin,
entire. Subiculum white, soft corky, up to 0.4 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with poroid surface, soft fragile, up to 1
mm long.
A NEW SPECIES OF SKELETOCUTIS (POLYPORALES) Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 271
FIGURE 1. Maximum Parsimony strict consensus tree illustrating the phylogeny of Skeletocutis yunnanensis and related species in
Polyporales based on the combined dataset (ITS and nLSU). Branches are labeled with maximum likelihood bootstrap higher than 70%,
parsimony bootstrap proportions higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities more than 0.95 respectively. Clade names follow
Binder et al. (2013).
Hyphal structure.—Hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections, hyaline, thin-walled;
skeletal hyphae thick-walled with a narrow lumen to subsolid; all hyphae IKI–, CB–, unchanged in KOH.
Subiculum.—Generative hyphae frequent, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, occasionally branched and
bearing fine crystals, 1.5–2.5 m in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, thick-walled, flexuous, unbranched, interwoven,
1.8–3.2 m in diam.
Tubes.—Generative hyphae frequent, thin- to slightly thick-walled, occasionally branched, usually covered by
fine, sharp-pointed encrustations, especially at dissepiment edge, 1.5–2.5 m in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant,
BIAN ET AL.
272 • Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 2. A fruiting body of Skeletocutis yunnanensis (BJFC019816). Bar: 1 cm
thick-walled with a narrow lumen to subsolid, unbranched, subparallel along the tubes, not agglutinated, 1.8–3 m
in diam. Dissepiment edge with scanty smooth skeletal hyphae and abundant, fairly straight, encrusted generative
hyphae. Cystidia absent, cystidioles abundant, bottle-shaped, with a conical apex, almost as size as basidia, 8–10 ×
3–4 m; Basidia clavate, with a basal clamp connection and four sterigmata, 8–12 × 3–4.5 m; basidioles infrequent,
in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
Spores.—Basidiospores mostly allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, usually bearing one to three small guttules,
CB–, IKI–, (3.2–)3.5–4.5 × 1.0–1.2(–1.5) m, L = 3.99 m, W = 1.08 m, Q = 3.54–3.83 (n = 60/2).
Additional specimen examined (Paratype).—CHINA. Yunnan Province, Dali, Binchuan County, Jizushan Forest
Park, on rotten angiosperm wood in temperate forest, 30 Aug 2015, Fang Wu (BJFC019816!)
Discussion
Morphologically Skeletocutis yunnanensis belongs to the Skeletocutis subincarnata complex, especially similar to
Skeletocutis biguttulata (Romell) Niemelä, S. papyracea A. David and S. subincarnata (Peck) Jean Keller. However, S.
biguttulata has radially fibrous margin, the presence of hyphal pegs, bigger basidiospores measured as 4.5–6.2 × 1.2–1.6
m, L = 5.17 m, W = 1.39 m, Q = 3.38–4.18 (n=400/13), and growth on gymnosperm wood mostly in boreal forests
(Niemelä 1998). S. papyracea differs from S. yunnanensis by generative hyphae dominant in subiculum, encrusted at
dissepiment edge only, skeletal hyphae become swollen to dissolve in KOH, bigger basidiospores measured as 3.9–5.1
× 1.2–1.7 m, L = 4.4 m, W = 1.45 m, Q = 2.56–3.36 (n=219/6), and growth on gymnosperm wood (Niemelä 1998).
S. subincarnata distinguished from S. yunnanensis by the presence of hyphal pegs, swollen skeletal hyphae in KOH,
subglobose-shaped basidia, bigger basidiospores measured as 3.3–4.9 × 1.2–1.8 m, L = 4.04 m, W = 1.39 m, Q =
2.62–3.35 (n=240/8), and growing on gymnosperm wood (Niemelä 1998).
A NEW SPECIES OF SKELETOCUTIS (POLYPORALES) Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 273
FIGURE 3. Microscopic structures of Skeletocutis yunnanensis (Holotype). a. Basidiospores. b. Basidia, cystidioles and basidioles. c. A
section of dissepiment edge. d. Subicular hyphae. Bars: a = 5 m; b–d = 10 m
BIAN ET AL.
274 • Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press
Phylogenetically Skeletocutis yunnanensis was closely related to S. portcrosensis (Fig. 1). But the latter can
be distinguished by arachnoid margins, smaller pores measured as 7–8 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system and
generative hyphae encrusted at dissepiment edges only (Niemelä 1998).
The Hengduan Mountain area is a world’s hotspot of biodiversity, and is very rich for fungal species and higher
taxa (Yang 2010, Li et al. 2011). More than 20 wood-decaying fungal species have been described from this area
during last ten years (Dai et al. 2007, Yuan & Dai 2008, Zhou & Dai 2012, Tian et al. 2013, Jia et al. 2014, Li et al.
2014, Zhao et al. 2015, Zhou et al. 2016), but the fungal diversity in the area is still not well known. The present paper
is another example to show new polypore from this area, and more fungal taxa will be published in the coming papers
after examing more collections from the Hengduan Mountains.
Key to species of Skeletocutis in China
1. Basidiospores less than 1 m in width ...............................................................................................................................................2
1. Basidiospores more than 1 m in width ...........................................................................................................................................11
2. Hyphae in trama monomitic ...............................................................................................................................................................3
2. Hyphae in trama dimitic .....................................................................................................................................................................4
3. Grows on angiosperms; pore surface usually with bluish-grey tint ........................................................................................S. nivea
3. Grows on gymnosperms; pore surface with salmon or amber tint .................................................................................. S. ochroalba
4. Basidiocarps with fimbriate to rhizomorphic margin ........................................................................................................S. fimbriata
4. Basidiocarps without fimbriate to rhizomorphic margin ....................................................................................................................5
5. Basidiocarps pileate ............................................................................................................................................................... S. inflata
5. Basidiocarps resupinate ......................................................................................................................................................................6
6. Pore surface violaceous ....................................................................................................................................................... S. lilacina
6. Pore surface white to buff ...................................................................................................................................................................7
7. Basidiospores < 0.7 m in width ......................................................................................................................................... S. luteolus
7. Basidiospores > 0.7 m in width ........................................................................................................................................................8
8. Pores angular, 5–6 per mm .................................................................................................................................................................9
8. Pores round, 7–11 per mm ................................................................................................................................................................10
9. Basidiocarps thin, fragile; accompanying Trichaptum species ..........................................................................................S. kuehneri
9. Basidiocarps sturdy, tough; accompanying Phellinus species .......................................................................................... S. chrysella
10. Basidiocarps perennial; skeletal hyphae unchanged in KOH ................................................................................................ S. stellae
10. Basidiocarps annual; skeletal hyphae swollen in KOH ....................................................................................................S. substellae
11. Rhizomorphs present ........................................................................................................................................................................12
11. Rhizomorphs absent .........................................................................................................................................................................13
12. Basidiospores smaller, < 5 m in length ............................................................................................................................S. alutacea
12. Basidiospores larger, > 5 m in length ...........................................................................................................................S. percandida
13. Basidiospores ellipsoid .....................................................................................................................................................................14
13. Basidiospores cylindrical, allantoid to lunate ...................................................................................................................................16
14. On bamboo; pores 8–11 per mm .................................................................................................................................S. bambusicola
14. On hardwoods; pores 4–7 per mm ....................................................................................................................................................15
15. Basidiocarps perennial; basidiospores < 2.5 m in width .................................................................................................. S. perennis
15. Basidiocarps annual; basidiospores > 2.5 m in width ...................................................................................................... S. sensitive
16. Basidiocarps effused-reflexed to pileate...........................................................................................................................................17
16. Basidiocarps resupinate ....................................................................................................................................................................18
17. Fresh pores orange; basidiospores > 1.3 m in width ....................................................................................................... S. amorpha
17. Fresh pores pinkish grey; basidiospores < 1.3 m in width ........................................................................................S. carneogrisea
18. Dissepiment edge almost monomitic ................................................................................................................................................19
18. Dissepiment edge distinctly dimitic .................................................................................................................................................21
19. Basidiocarps thick and fleshy, with acidic smell when fresh ................................................................................................. S. odora
19. Basidiocarps thin and fragile, without odor when fresh ...................................................................................................................20
20. Pores mostly 5–6 per mm .............................................................................................................................................S. yunnanensis
20. Pores mostly 6–8 per mm .............................................................................................................................................. S. albocremea
21. Basidiospores curved ........................................................................................................................................................................22
21. Basidiospores fairly straight .............................................................................................................................................................23
22. Pore surface not cracking when dry; basidiospores tapering at apiculus ....................................................................... S. brevispora
22. Pore surface cracking when dry; basidiospores not tapering at apiculus ...................................................................... S. subvulgaris
23. Skeletal hyphae unchanged in KOH ............................................................................................................................... S. biguttulata
23. Skeletal hyphae dissolved in KOH ..................................................................................................................................S. papyracea
A NEW SPECIES OF SKELETOCUTIS (POLYPORALES) Phytotaxa 270 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 275
Acknowledgments
We express our gratitude to Dr. Shuang-Hui He (BJFC, China) to accompany in field trips. The research is supported
by supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Project No. 2016ZCQ0).
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