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Karyomorphology of Turkish species in Centaurea sections Centaurea and Phalolepis (Asteraceae) and implications for taxonomy

Authors:
Tuna Uysal at Selcuk University
Tuna Uysal
Meryem Bozkurt at Selcuk University
Meryem Bozkurt
Osman Tugay at Selcuk University , Konya / Turkey
Osman Tugay
  • Selcuk University , Konya / Turkey
Kuddisi Ertuğrul at Selcuk University
Kuddisi Ertuğrul
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Abstract and Figures

In this paper, 31 mostly endemic and locally distributed Turkish Centaurea taxa belonging to Centaurea and Phalolepis sections were examined in terms of their karyomorphology. The basic chromosome number for all of the studied species was concurringly determined as 9(x = 9) for both sections, excluding C. hierapolitana. We also determined tetraploid and hexaploid species in spite of many species having diploid chromosome numbers. Twelve chromosome counts are reported for the first time and most of the karyotyping analyses are described for the first time via the KAMERAM program. The karyotypes had a predominance of metacentric (m) chromosomes. However, in the karyotyping of six taxa, submetacentric (sm) chromosomes were dominant. Five quantitative asymmetric indices were used to evaluate karyological features of the species. A meaningful dendrogram was carried out to assess the karyotype-symmetry conditions and describe the karyotyping relationships between different taxa.
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Karyomorphology-Centaur
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... This shows that the genus is still evolving in terms of speciation. Various methods and approaches have been applied by different researchers for a long time to solve taxonomic problems within the genus Centaurea (Romaschenko et al., 2004;Garcia-Jacas et al., 2000;2001;Uysal et al., 2009Uysal et al., , 2010Uysal et al., , 2015Uysal et al., , 2016Uysal et al., , 2017aHilpold et al., 2014;Negaresh and Rahiminejad 2018). Although many species have been transferred to different genera (Wagenitz and Hellwig, 2000;Greuter, 2003;Greuter and Raus, 2009;Negaresh, 2019), Türkiye is still the main diversity center of the genus Centaurea (Wagenitz, 1986). ...
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  • Jan 2024
In this article, a new cornflower, Centaurea turhanii Uysal & Hamzaoğlu (Asteraceae) from Türkiye was described and reported. Morphological, karyological, and molecular analyses were used to reveal the taxonomic status of the new species with the species thought to be related to taxa. A modified determination key was submitted and its ecology and phenology were given.
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Article
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  • Feb 2022
  • NORD J BOT
A new Centaurea species, C. mengenensis Uysal & Şirin, is described and illustrated from Mengen district, Anatolia, based on morphological and molecular data. To identify its taxonomical position within Centaurea, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) = gene region of the new species was amplified and sequenced. The new species belongs in Centaurea subg. Centaurea as shown by both morphological and molecular data. Its diagnostic characters are presented, including an updated key to related species distributed in Turkey. Additionally, the geographic distribution of the new species, as well as of its relatives, is mapped. The chromosome number of C. mengenensis is 2n = 2x = 18 and its achene surface ornamentation is irregularly sulcate.
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... Chromosomes give important information about plant systematic. Particularly, the chromosome numbers in each cell, size of the chromosomes and centromere position are being studied [18]. ...
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... Another parameter used to measure intrachromosomal asymmetry is M CA . The presence of symmetric and asymmetric karyotypes implies chromosomal rearrangements and different evolutionary steps (Uysal et al. 2017). Among the studied species, M. ufukii (CV CL : 39.896, AI: 8.147, M CA : 29.37) has the most asymmetric karyotypes and more advanced in terms of phylogeny and evolutionary process according to Stebbins (1971). ...
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Article
  • Dec 2020
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  • Jun 2020
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Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2019
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Cytotaxonomy of five Arabis L. (Brassicaceae) species endemic to Turkey
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  • Jul 2013
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  • Jan 2009
Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) is one of the largest genera in Turkey. The chromosome number and morphology of 8 taxa belonging to the genus Centaurea were investigated using an image analysis system. Among these taxa, the chromosome numbers were as follows: 2n = 18 in C. cariensis Boiss. subsp. niveotomentosa (Hub.-Mor.) Wagenitz, C. lycaonica Boiss. & Heldr., C. virgata Lam.. and C. Polyclada DC.; 2n = 24 in C. cyanus L.; 2n = 36 in C. virgata and C. cariensis Boiss. subsp. cariensis: 2n = 40 in C. urvillei DC. subsp. urvillei; 2n = 54 in C. tuzgoluensis Aytac & H.Duman. In 5 taxa mixoploidy was observed (C. lycaonica, C urvillei subsp. urvillei, C cariensis subsp. cariensis, C. virgata. and C. tuzgoluensis). Based on karyotypic data for this genus, 3 basic chromosome numbers in Centaurea taxa were observed (x = 9. 10. and 12). Furthermore, ideograms are given for all the Centaurea taxa studied.
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CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN COMPOSITAE. XI. HELENIEAE
Article
  • Nov 1975
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Nahe Verwandtschaft zwischen Arten der Centaurea-Sektionen Acrolophus und Phalolepis1)1Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Meusel, Halle (Saale), zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.
Article
  • Dec 1989
  • FLORA
In several systems of the genus Centaurea the sections Acrolophus and Phalolepis have been placed in different subgenera, because of the striking differences in the shape of the appendages of the phyllaries. Despite this they agree closely in chromosome-number, pollen-morphology, carpology and in general habit. It is shown that several species pairs exist — one species traditionally in section Acrolophus, the other in section Phalolepis —which agree in most characters and live in adjacent areas. Their close affinity can not be denied. The conventional recognition of the 2 sections is unnatural.
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A Study of Genetic Variation in Endemic PlantCentaurea wiedemannianaby Using RAPD Markers
Article
  • Dec 2010
  • EKOLOJI
Centaurea wiedemanniana is an endemic plant species native to Turkey. The plant is known to have a narrow distribution in two abutting counties, Bilecik and Eskisehir. Genetic variability within and among 6 known natural populations of this plant was assessed by using RAPD markers. High levels of genetic diversity were detected both at population (PPB = 62.83%, I = 0.301, H-S = 0.196) and species level (PPB = 94.65%, I = 0.429, H-T = 0.278). Analyses of molecular variance showed that among and within-population genetic variation accounted for 71.70% and 28.30% of the total genetic variation, respectively. A high degree of genetic differentiation was also found among populations (G(ST) = 0.223). The genetic structure of C. wiedemanniana has probably been shaped by its breeding characteristics, habitat preference and short distance seed and pollen dispersal. The observed genetic variations suggest that as many populations as possible should be considered in any planned in situ or ex situ conservation programs for this vulnerable endemic species.
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