Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action
... This does not mean that the objective was to reveal the "true" history of an individual nor the causality of careers (cf. Bourdieu 1998). Rather, the aim was to use temporal and situational perspectives as interview interventions for studying how early career academics make sense of academia and their own place within it. ...
... On the other hand, these findings indicate how patterns of inequality shape academic career-making. Balancing multiple identity claims while conforming to the tacit rules for how to embody high-status traits requires a certain feel for the game of recognition (Bourdieu, 1998). For many female scholars and scholars from working-class backgrounds, this involved managing their social identity. ...
... Å andra sidan pekar delstudiens resultat mot akademiska karriärer som formade av ojämlikhet. Att balansera olika identitetsanspråk samtidigt som man följer de tysta regler som finns för hur statussignaler ska gestaltas kräver en viss fingertoppskänsla för hur erkännande fungerar inom akademin (Bourdieu, 1998). För många kvinnliga forskare och forskare med arbetarklassbakgrund innebar detta att de var tvungna att hantera sin sociala identitet genom personifieringsprat (eng. ...
This dissertation explores the interplay between valuation and academic socialization, addressing the question: how do early career academics navigate evaluative landscapes? Having completed their doctoral education but yet to find stable employment, early career academics are generally viewed as the most vulnerable group of academic staff. Comparing how individuals within this group seek to demonstrate their worth in order to be recognized by others and advance in their careers, I try to make sense of their world. This task holds significance as those being socialized today will shape the cultures and practices of academia in the future. Notably, existing literature on academic socialization predominantly focuses on graduate studies, neglecting the early career phase and its function as a “status passage” in contemporary academia.
Drawing upon 35 in-depth interviews with early career academics in political science and history, the three articles forming the core of the thesis highlight various aspects of navigating evaluative landscapes: how to decide whose judgment to trust when evaluating the quality of one’s work and make future predictions (Article I); how to balance between more or less contradictory identity positions and learn how to perform these identities in legitimate ways (Article II); and how to negotiate the meanings of institutional career demands and individual aspirations (Article III). By focusing attention on the plurality of evaluative landscapes in political science and history, the thesis reveals different frameworks for assessing and measuring worth. Furthermore, learning about what counts and acting upon evaluative knowledge involves signaling one’s own identity and group-belongings, as well as imagining futures early career academics find desirable. Hence, I argue for the importance of identity and morality as sites of, and motivations for, navigating evaluative landscapes.
Confronted with the uncertainties and tensions of academic careers, this dissertation provides an understanding of academic career-making as a form of pragmatic problem solving, centered on how to legitimately claim, reject, perform, and balance between conflicting notions of worth. This kind of dissonance means that although early career academics in political science and history are exposed to an increasingly narrow regime of valuation, their response is not mere adaptation, but negotiation.
... Aunque las perspectivas de Scolari y Bourdieu provienen de enfoques teóricos diferentes, es posible relacionar la noción de interfaz con la teoría del campo (Bourdieu, 1991(Bourdieu, , 1984 cuando se aplica al campo de las Relaciones públicas. Las interfaces desempeñan un rol importante en la interacción, en el desarrollo de competencias y en la construcción de la legitimidad en este campo. ...
... Las interfaces educativas pueden ser vehículos para acceder a estos capitales. Asimismo, la noción de capital simbólico de Bourdieu (1991), que se refiere a la capacidad de influir en la percepción y en las representaciones sociales es clave también para entender las dinámicas de poder y legitimidad en un campo. Las interfaces educativas pueden influir en la distribución del poder baquerizo-neira, g.; et al. ...
Partimos de la perspectiva que considera el sistema educativo como una interfaz de relaciones, donde los individuos y la tecnología interactúan a nivel macro, para explorar el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en Relaciones Públicas y Comunicación Estratégica. El objetivo principal es analizar la oferta académica en Ecuador, España y Argentina, a nivel de posgrado, desde perspectivas tanto teóricas como empíricas, incluyendo competencias, áreas de desempeño y perfiles de egresados, especialmente en el contexto de transformaciones en las Relaciones Públicas. La metodología implica revisión de documentos y literatura, análisis de programas académicos de las principales universidades de cada país y una revisión de las principales tendencias en la gestión de la comunicación basada en fuentes secundarias como asociaciones industriales. Los resultados resaltan el predominio de enfoques digitales y centrados en los negocios en los programas de los tres países. Además, se observa que sólo una minoría de los programas de Maestría en Comunicación tienen una clara orientación hacia la comunicación institucional y organizacional. Argentina y España lideran el cumplimiento de competencias en Relaciones Públicas, mientras que Ecuador pone mayor énfasis en la comunicación digital y tecnológica. En conclusión, este estudio subraya la dispersión en los enfoques de los programas, lo que dificulta el logro de objetivos y el desarrollo de habilidades. También enfatiza la necesidad de equilibrar el enfoque de la comunicación estratégica e institucional en la formación académica de los profesionales de Relaciones Públicas. Las competencias relacionadas con la gestión, el pensamiento y la acción estratégica, y la organización y ejecución de la comunicación interna y externa destacan como áreas de alto desempeño en los programas analizados.
... We base the study on reflexive sociological analysis of Professors' teaching portfolios. More specifically, we introduce sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1986(Bourdieu, , 1998 as a theoretical framework for understanding the function of teaching portfolios in research-intensive universities. This concept provides a useful lens for investigating norms, practices and 'drivers' along with other sociocultural aspects of Professors' educational merits. ...
... The other half of the teaching portfolios assume a more heterodox position in this context because they included both required and optional content (theme 2 and theme 3 in Table 2) even though the institutional guideline explicitly indicate that the optional part is not required to obtain the Professor position. At stake here is a central battle over "doxa" (Bourdieu, 1998), that is a battle over the norms, standards, and assumptions in the academic field of Health Professions Education and over the "distinctions between what is good and what is bad" (Bourdieu, 1998, p. 8) in relation to teaching capital in the academic field. In the following, we will further discuss the implications of this finding. ...
Medical educator portfolios (MEP) are increasingly recognized as a tool for developing and documenting teaching performance in Health Professions Education. However, there is a need to better understand the complex interplay between institutional guidelines and how teachers decode those guidelines and assign value to teaching merits. To gain a deeper understanding of this dynamic, this study employed a sociological analysis to understand how medical educators aspiring to professorships use MEPs to display their teaching merits and how cultural capital is reflected in these artefacts. We collected 36 medical educator portfolios for promotion from a large research-intensive university and conducted a deductive content analysis using institutional guidelines that distinguished between mandatory (accounting for the total body of teaching conducted) and optional content (arguing for pedagogical choices and evidencing the quality, respectively). Our analysis showed that the portfolios primarily included quantifiable data about teaching activities, e.g., numbers of students, topics and classes taught. Notably, they often lacked evidence of quality and scholarship of teaching. Looking at these findings through a Bourdieusian lens revealed that teachers in this social field exchange objectified evidence of hours spent on teaching into teaching capital recognized by their institution. Our findings highlight how institutional guidelines for MEPs construct a pedagogical battlefield, where educators try to decode and exchange the “right” and recognized teaching capital. This indicates that MEPs reflect the norms and practices of the academic field more than individual teaching quality.
... At the other end of the spectrum, is that of vocational learning. Bourdieu's (1998) concept of habitus is an important point to understand and it could be argued that it is an important preliminary step to understanding the concept of vocational reasoning of why certain people are undertaking apprenticeships and diploma education. Bourdieu described this as habitus, as a cultural habitat that is internalised and influenced by a subconscious in how an individual acts, feels and thinks (Bourdieu, 1998). ...
... Bourdieu's (1998) concept of habitus is an important point to understand and it could be argued that it is an important preliminary step to understanding the concept of vocational reasoning of why certain people are undertaking apprenticeships and diploma education. Bourdieu described this as habitus, as a cultural habitat that is internalised and influenced by a subconscious in how an individual acts, feels and thinks (Bourdieu, 1998). Moreover, Colley (2006) drew on a notion of learning to labour in the nursery as part of her research with trainee nursery nurses, most of them teenage girls, while on their two-year course. ...
There is a paucity of research exploring learning and pedagogy in the Early Years workplace. This thesis addresses that gap by exploring how learning and pedagogy are differently experienced by early years trainees pursuing a Level 3 early years apprenticeship and a full-time diploma early childhood programme. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory provides the theoretical framework for this qualitative study, which was predicated on the belief that knowledge is gained from practice through experiences of the learner within the ecological theory model and that further development is built upon interactions within the workplace. Eight early childhood practitioners participated in the study, which adopted a case study approach and utilised a range of methods including on-line interviews, focus-groups, observations, and reflective diaries contributed by the participants.
The study illustrates how potential work-based learning opportunities are mediated by the type of learning programme pursued by trainees, also demonstrating how early childhood practitioners with a stronger learning orientation achieve higher levels of work-based competence/expertise of being an early years professional. Colleagues and supervisors' social support within practice was found to play a significant role in job competence/expertise, highlighting the need for highly trained practitioners within the area of early childhood. Related to this, the study found that the role of the ‘third teacher’, or learning within the early years workplace environment, is significant in outcomes for trainees in the Early Years sector. The informal relationships that the trainee professional makes with other colleagues is based on the findings of this research, which has given a new idea to how early years professionals are learning whilst undertaking their training courses. The thesis clearly argues that there is a change in what is meant by the third teacher and reconceptualises what it means, regarding early years work-based learning.
It concludes that there are significant differences in the work-place learning opportunities offered to trainees on different programmes, and that the importance of developing informal connections with early years colleagues provides the basis for work-based learning in Early Years training.
... Although human agency is crucial, culture becomes prominent in the field of TM and affects people on what "our culture" and "the culture of others" are about and where they seek treatment (Wreford, 2005). When it comes to TM selection in Western medicine, the option is not only influenced by the absence or bad health or financial means but also by culture (Bourdieu, 1998). Some respondents noted that consulting both a traditional healer and a local clinic when they felt ill was crucial, even if they thought only the professional nurse or doctor might help them. ...
While African indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) remain one of rural people’s most valued resources, they are still the least mobilized for sustainable development. Current study and practice in development have shown that IKS is strikingly invisible. Indigenous people are long-standing connected to land, woods, rivers, and air. The link between people and the environment also constitutes an important basis for the IK organization, the classification of life events, and the formation of attitudes and thinking patterns. The interconnections between persons and the environment also differ according to gender. The life and livelihoods of rural women are linked to environmental quality and access to natural resources. Since human identity is seen as an extension of the environment, an element of inseparability between humans and the natural world exists. Therefore, the importance of IK and its importance to maintaining the environment in order to safeguard herbal and medicinal plants for poor communities are critical for rural development. The study used reflexive ethnography and key informant interviews, informal or “irregular” discussion groups, documentary evidence, and experience in three targeted rural villages in Gwanda, south Zimbabwe. Using health examples, the study indicates that IKS and practices as solutions to development problems have been continually alienated. In addition to exogenous influences, communities and people contribute partially to their own marginalization and exclusion. Rural people have been partly responsible for learning, preserving, and passing knowledge as “knowledgeable” people often fenced or died without spreading their know-how to next generations.
... Because it was not possible to identify the boys specifi cally and because the boys all refused to identify who the culprits actually were, the incident recurred, leaving the director, the neighbors, and the municipality to sort responsibility and pass blame among themselves. Here, the rules of the game are being rewritten, and the literal "fi eld" is being both geographically and authoritatively redefi ned by a collective act of rebellion underwritten by group solidarity (Bourdieu 1998). The fi nal vignette tells of a weekend event when a French volunteer came to the center to make crêpes for the Syrian families. ...
... The regulating effect mechanism of behavior control and outcome consciousness The theory of planned behavior holds that an actor's behavioral cognition and perceived behavioral control affect individual behavioral expression (Ajzen, 1991). Social practice theory points out that agents' practice activities are the result of the dual logic of "objective structure" and "subjective will" in a certain eld, and the strategy selection of agents' practice behaviors is affected by the interaction of factors such as eld (practice space) and habitus (practice perception) (Bourdieu, 1998). Therefore, in the practice of citizen participation in grassroots social governance, there is a widespread problem of "who can participate" and "who is willing to participate". ...
Institution is a crucial tool for governing a country. Taking good institution as the cornerstone and promoting the extensive participation of citizens is the important guarantee to realize the modernization of Chinese style grassroots social governance. This article employs the "institution-behavior" analytical framework and utilizes the CSS2017-CSS2019 mixed-sectional data to comparatively analyze the impact and mechanisms of institutional guarantee on citizens' institutional participation, consultative participation and feedback participation in grassroots social governance. The study findings reveal that institutional guarantee promote citizen's institutional participation and consultative participation in grassroots social governance, while inhibiting citizen's feedback participatory behavior. Individual norms, as a form of obligation, exhibit varying degrees of mediating effects or masking effects in the relationship between institutional guarantee and citizen participation in grassroots social governance. Behavioral control plays a negative regulating role in institutional guarantee and citizens' feedback participation. In other words, behavioral control suppresses the negative impact of institutional guarantee on citizens' feedback participation in grassroots social governance. Outcome consciousness has a negative regulating effect between the institutional guarantee and the citizens' institutional participation. In other words, outcome consciousness negatively moderates the positive influence of the institutional guarantee on the citizens' institutional participation in the grassroots social governance.
... The interplay of Carole and Bummi's perspectives further teases out an intergenerational pattern of symbolic violence as theorised by Bourdieu. In the symbolic hierarchy of cultural practices that serves to legitimate socio-economic inequalities, Bourdieu (1998) argues, "dominated lifestyles are almost always perceived, even by those who live them, from the destructive and reductive point of view of the dominant aesthetic" (9). Initially feeling out of place as a black woman of working-class origin at Oxford-"crushed, worthless and a nobody" (GWO, 132), Carole ventures on a path to acquire 'legitimate'-i.e. ...
... This can occur when a tool starts to shed sand, sections of the tool break or wear out, or if a woman is newly married and will begin the task of grinding for the household. The grinding stone manufacturers indicated that the women had considerable input on the design of their grinding stones, and the preferences for design features are informed by experience and habitus of the women (Bourdieu 1998;Bourdieu and Nice 1977;Dobres 2000;Dobres and Hoffman 1999). They learned from their mothers which characteristics would constitute a good grinding stone. ...
... As we have seen in this brief review, an approach focusing on both micro and macro social processes calls attention to structural constraints imposed on social actors and their capacity to act (Giddens, 1984;Bourdieu, 1998). ...
Sacrifice" is a common figure in the symbolic worlds of anonymous Brazilian migrant athletes. By emphasizing sacrifice migrant Brazilian players reveal important factors found in the contexts in which contemporary sports migration movements occur. When asked to think about their career trajectories, sports migrants frame their personal "sacrifice" vis-à-vis the precarious working conditions of the global football and futsal industries. The interaction between players' "sacrifice" and continuous engagement with a sports career becomes evident in liminal moments, such as negotiating and renewing contracts abroad, and when injured. As a multi-site ethnography, the objective of this project is to develop innovative and robust responses to contemporary debates in sports migration studies by considering the following research questions: To what extent are dependency and world-systems theories relevant for analysing the migration of Brazilian footballers? What are the specific characteristics of contemporary Brazilian athletic movements to and from "Central" and "Eastern" Europe, including the role of agents and other co-responsible actors? What are the specific characteristics of Brazilian intra-national migration? How do "race", class, and gender intersect in migrant athletes' lives and careers?
... Although there is no consensual explanation for the scientific definition of space in theoretical circles (Sack, 1974;Montello and Sutton, 2006;Wither, 2009;Liu et al., 2017;Olechnicka et al., 2019;Komilova et al., 2021), the recognition of the existence of "space" and "spatial attributes" is surprisingly consistent, and gives "space" various natural, social and economic attributes (Haining, 2003). Bourdieu (1998) believed that space itself does not have practical sig-nificance, and it is important only when human economic and social activities give it a corresponding position. Lefebvre (2012) examined the important role of space from the perspectives of history, society and space, and put forward the concept of "the production of space". ...
The impact of spatial heterogeneity on industrial outputs is a new important topic in economic geography. A considerable amount of research literature has accumulated, but the academic community lacks a systematic and comprehensive review and consensus on this topic. This study carried out research by mining the relevant classical literature. This investigation first combed the connotation of spatial heterogeneity, which is both corresponding to and related to spatial dependence. Theorists generally acknowledge that there is spatial heterogeneity in the process of industrial outputs. Then this study summarizes the logical basis, relationship coordination, measurement and other aspects of the effect of spatial heterogeneity on industrial outputs. In analyzing the impact of spatial het-erogeneity on industrial outputs, we should not ignore the spatial dimension, but must also pay attention to the heterogeneity of individual enterprises. Industrial output analysis needs to be based on the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence. The influence of spatial heterogeneity on industrial outputs and the degree of differences among observation objects can be measured by econometric methods. The common indicators for measuring and quantitatively describing the impact of spatial heterogeneity on industrial outputs mainly include semivariogram, the spatial expansion model and the geographical weighted regression model. Finally, some directions of future research are pointed out in order to provide useful ideas for future theoretical research and industrial practice.
... As fields are hierarchical spaces, reflexivity requires an understanding of how different forms of embodied, objectified or institutionalised resources are mobilised to vie for status. Bourdieu describes the valued resources in any field as capital (Bourdieu, 1990b(Bourdieu, , 1998. Of the different types of capital Bourdieu elaborates in his work, the most common are cultural, social, economic and symbolic. ...
Recent years have seen an increased epistemological and methodological interest within sociology in participatory research. Seen as one mode by which to upturn the apparent antagonism between ‘town’ and ‘gown’, and as a pragmatic way to render sociology more ‘public’, participatory research seems to offer resolutions to some of the field’s more pressing recent concerns. It also appears to provide redress to continuing institutional pressure to establish ‘impact’ for our research. This article offers a close and theoretically informed examination of the assumptions and practices of youth participatory action research, or YPAR, in order to contribute to deepened disciplinary understandings of the possibilities and limits of participatory approaches. Framed by the reflexive sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, we draw upon cross-national conversations through which we have intentionally reflected on moments of ambivalence or discomfort in our own participatory research practice(s). We utilise these to engage critically with some recurring problems in YPAR, suggesting these also have relevance to sociological enquiry more broadly. Our collaborative process of mutual reflexivity, developed through walking and talking together, writing individually and then providing feedback and clarifications, has allowed us to deepen our understanding of the power dynamics at play in participatory sociological enquiry.
... This contrasts with the spin of UM students, who attach much more symbolic significance to their narratives of ISM, while at the same time de-thematising its importance for their own life course. But as Bourdieu (1998) pointed out, symbolic power becomes most potent and assertive when obscured. ...
Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction, the article examines whether international student mobility (ISM) is still a distinctive educational strategy of upper-milieu students in the 21st century. As a result of the Bologna process, ISM has become widespread in Europe. Does this also mean that international mobility loses its distinctive character? Based on current studies that point to a differentiation within ISM, we investigate to what extent students from upper milieus may strive to re-establish the ‘structure of distances’ - as Bourdieu puts it – in the field of higher education. Our research design consists of 95 qualitative interviews with Master’s students in Germany. The study conducts a comparative analysis to differentiate between lower, middle and upper milieus (vertical axis), with the main focus of the research being directed towards the upper milieus. In addition, the differences within upper milieus (horizontal axis) are examined by including three academic disciplines in the research design: management/business administration, medicine, and musicology. The results of our study suggest that, even within the context of a knowledge society, characterised by an increased participation in higher education, there remain numerous symbolic, spatial, and cultural opportunities for students from upper milieus to distinguish their educational paths in distinct ways, e.g. the destinations chosen, the rhetorical framing of international mobility experiences, and the integration with work-related practices beyond the course of study.
OPEN ACCESS: https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2024.2348755
... The poem can be interpreted as contraposing the role of poets, who, as argued, possess the vision and sensibility to advance alternatives-and contribute to the political reconfigurations of a place-to that of hotel chain owners. As represented by the silver chain, poets do not aim at economic benefit, but the long-term gain of promoting and investing in 'symbolic capital' (Bourdieu, 1998). Hotel chain owners, instead, as part of the elites that emerged in the midst of a Fascist regime in an industry which is one of the pillars of capitalism, represent the complete opposite. ...
This paper establishes a transnational dialogue between different island spaces impacted by mass tourism and highlights poetry’s contribution to the political reconfigurations of the Balearic and Caribbean islands. Notwithstanding these island spaces’ different historical circumstances, it acknowledges that the tourist industry illustrates crucial historical continuities in each archipelago. The poetics analysed question the pro-growth ideology of the industry, the subservient role of their islands’ political classes that disregard human well-being and environmental sustainability, and put the islands’ survival at risk. This study identifies resemblances in Caribbean and Balearic island spaces’ poetic responses to tourism and recognises local emancipatory alliances that not only bring to the surface shared forms of oppression, but also propose alternatives beyond the (hotel) chains of global capitalism.
... The concept of the "Topping-Out Factor" (Falk & Grizard, 2003) posits that only the highest levels of executive leadership have the ability to initiate change throughout an entire business. The topics mentioned are very controversial within the profession of journalism, and Bourdieu's theory (Bourdieu P. , 1998) of the "field" and status politics provide a rationale for this phenomenon. The following section discusses the main theoretical frameworks used to comprehend the gender disparity associated with the glass ceiling. ...
The major objective of this study is to investigate the invisible 'glass ceiling' that inhibits women's advancement in Pakistan's print and electronic media sectors, especially television channels. The study employed the gathered data, which comprised demographic information such as gender, age, media organization affiliation, and job title, to empirically examine the proposed hypotheses. This research endeavor investigated the presence of gender disparities in print and electronic media organizations with regard to professional responsibilities, career trajectories, and hierarchical standing. The study hypothesized that women's representation and career paths differed significantly between traditional print and digital media. Women are more likely to be employed in low-wage, labor-intensive jobs. These disparities vary according to hierarchical levels. These hypotheses were substantiated by the data. According to this study, a comprehensive strategy is necessary to surmount the barriers associated with the glass ceiling. In addition to implementing gender-neutral and inclusive organizational policies, it is critical to analyze the matter from the perspective of "pink ghettoization," which provides insight into the factors that perpetuate the underrepresentation of women in leadership roles.
... Habitus explains the enduring embodiment of individual feelings, thoughts, and tastes acquired through family values and upbringing to produce subjective inner thoughts, norms, beliefs, and behaviour patterns (Bourdieu, 1998;2004;Bourdieu & Passeron, 1990). It is a set of enduring, transferable dispositions subject to constant revision based on an individual's lived experiences, revealing the interplay between social structures and professors' agency (Bourdieu, 1990;Bourdieu & Wacquant, 1992). ...
In this paper, we focus on speakers of languages other than English to explore the impact of English medium of instruction (EMI) on the internationalisation of higher education in Kazakhstan. As postcolonial scholars of colour, we acknowledge that our historical and colonial legacies shape our positionality, epistemologies and worldviews, leading to our interest in Bourdieu's field, habitus and capital. We illustrate how EMI reconfigures the field and establishes winners and losers based on their linguistic proficiency, pedagogical habitus and capital mismatches. We argue that Bourdieu can contribute to a new narrative to counter current research foregrounding EMI solely as a linguistic challenge leading to 1) misrecognition when local perspectives, habitus and capital of local professors are silenced and 2) symbolic violence when dominant English values and norms are enforced, reproducing local and global inequalities and power imbalances. We conclude that without habitus and capital engagement in Kazakhstan, professional development will be ineffective in restructuring the habitus of professors formed during their primary, secondary and tertiary education in their native language that gave them pedagogical authority as knowledgeable conveyors of both the language and the educational system that formed them. As such, their Habitus will operate as a structuring structure within the reconfigured higher education field, presenting formidable obstacles to meaningful change and adaptation.
... Гендерный порядок Своих, как правило, репрезентируется в качестве нормы, в то время как гендерный порядок Чужих -в качестве девиации (Свои мужчины -самые мужественные, Свои женщины -самые женственные и так далее). То есть, при помощи гендерного дискурса утверждаются и подтверждаются отношения неравенства и контроля; он, следовательно, может быть рассмотрен -воспользуемся терминологией П. Бурдье -в качестве формы «символического насилия» [15,103]. ...
... Bourdieu, bu sermaye türünü ele alırken onu somutlaşmış olan, nesneleşmiş olan ve kurumsallaşmış olan olmak üzere üç farklı kategoriye ayırır (Swartz, 2015). Söz konusu üç kültürel sermaye biçimi arasından ise somutlaşmış olana büyük bir önem atfeder, nitekim onu toplumda asıl bölünmeye sebep olan sermaye biçimi olarak görmektedir (Bourdieu, 1998). Sosyalleşme sürecinde edinilen bilgi ve kanaatler zamanla içselleştirilir; bilgi ve kanaatlerin yanı sıra, konuşma tarzı, bedenin kullanım biçimi, kültürel nesnelere dair beğeniler ve mesafeler bu süreçte edinilir. ...
... Although some capitals are easier to measure and follow through time, like economic capital with money sources, relational capital with a network analysis, etc., immaterial capitals, like social capital are much more challenging to analyse and measure. It is even questioned in literature if it can be measured at all (Robson and Sanders, 2009), although Bourdieu also indicates the importance of the amounts or quantities of capital required to dominate a field (Bourdieu, 1998). In this research, we opted to acknowledge the actors' perceptions through semi-structured interviews and following an increasing/decreasing dynamic of social capital during the four identified conflict periods. ...
Water conflicts open windows of opportunity for grassroots movements to transform water systems. However, academic fields studying social movements in socio-environmental conflicts are not well equipped to deal with complexity, non-linear dynamics, and emergent properties. Therefore, these fields rarely engage with long-term complex social processes and dynamics leading to systemic socio-technical changes. Researching water conflicts driven by grassroots movements, we ask whether and how the latter can influence a socio-technical transition of a water management regime. Through an emblematic water conflict in Mexico, we analyse the grassroots movement's trajectory since the conflicts inception by following the dynamic process of developing agency. Our findings show that throughout the conflict, the grassroots movement accumulated and mobilized diverse capitals to initiate water management strategies and practices that catalysed change in the water management regime by stalling the implementation of large infrastructures. Eventually, this led to the inception of a sustainable and just transition.
... Menurut Bourdieu (1998) arena perjuangan kekuasaan merupakan lingkup hubungan-hubungan kekuatan antara berbagai jenis modal atau lebih tepatnya antara para pelaku yang memiliki jenis-jenis modal tertentu sehingga mampu mendominasi medan perjuangan yang terkait, dan yang perjuangannya semakin intensif meskipun nilai yang terkait dengan modal tersebut dipertanyakan (misalnya nilai tukar antara modal budaya dan modal ekonomi), artinya, ketika keseimbangan yang sudah ditetapkan dalam medan perjuangan yang khas untuk reproduksi kekuasaan terancam (misalnya universitas atau sekolah tinggi prestisius tempat asal para penguasa). Haryatmoko (2016) mengemukakan bahwa strategi yang diterapkan para pelaku tergantung pada besarnya kapital yang dimiliki dan juga struktur modal dalam posisinya di lingkup sosial. ...
... Social Positions is something that needs to be looked at in this matter. Bourdieu (1998) sees this as the existence of power that can be compared between systems. Social Positions (related Concept), dispositions (or habitus), and positions-taking (prises de position) are choices in the most diverse domains of practice. ...
This study aims to describe the origin of the name of the dance, the sociocultural context, symbolic meaning, symbolic power, and the development of thematic tourism services based on the Kecak dance. This research was conducted using critical ethnographic methods. The data is in the form of dance names, mythology, symbols, and toponymy of areas related to the Kecak dance in Bali. Data analysis was carried out by critical discourse analysis. The results show that linguistically, the name of the Kecak dance is created in the form of a symbolic acronym. Based on the toponym, the Kecak dance is a dance that marks the reign of the King of Light in Bali. The Kecak dance contains a mythology about the King of Light who is purified as the pioneer of Bali, the Archipelago. The power of Raja Cahaya is marked by the names of areas, mountains, rivers, dwellings, and islands in the Bali region. The Kecak dance contains the collective memory of the Balinese community about the pioneering king of the archipelago. The performance of the Kecak dance is intended as a homage to Raja Cahaya. The Kecak Dance version of the Ramayana story carries a message about the life journey of the Sun dynasty kings which is in harmony with the Sang Hyang Wulan Ritual. The stories, dances, and rituals marked Raja Cahaya as the king to lead the Nusantara dynasty since the beginning of the year of Light.
The previous chapter referred to circumstantial determinants as a meso level that can be defined as a social space structured in fields in which social actors operate. This chapter adopts a Bourdesian approach to conceptualize the circumstantial level as an intersectional space where both agency and structure can mutually influence each other, leading to variations in what Bourdieu refers to as habitus. It is worth reflecting on the interplay between structural and individual determinants to understand the formation of what Ruiu et al. (2023) have defined as Digital-Environmental Habitus. Digital-environmental habitus, intended as an intersectional concept across the levels identified by the Digital-Environmental Poverty Framework (DEPF), can help comprehend the mechanisms at work at the circumstantial level and capture the connections between environmental and digital poverty.
In 1945, Lévi-Strauss declared that the coexistence and transitivity of sociology and anthropology, which can be seen its most concrete expression in the collaboration between Durkheim and Mauss, was one of the distinctive features of French social sciences. Today, the concurrent use of concepts and methods from both disciplines is often attributed to Bourdieu, who was influenced by structuralism early in his career and engaged in ethnographic research in Algeria. Yet to limit Bourdieu's anthropological reference to the initial stages of his career or to reduce it to his relationship with Lévi-Strauss, is to run the risk of overlooking another implicit influence: It is through Mauss that Bourdieu finds the beginnings he needs when departing from a discredited structuralism after his "last happy structuralist work" Kabyle, or when he develops his own practical theory to revive sociology "which is reminded of its dominated position" and fortify its positions against anthropology, which dominated French social sciences in the 1960s. Contrary to his relationship with Lévi-Strauss, Bourdieu never ceases to refer to Maussian themes and concepts throughout his career. This article examines Bourdieu's relationship with the discipline of anthropology and elucidates how Maussian concepts are translated by him into a theory of practice. Keywords: Sociology • Anthropology • Theory of practice • Marcel Mauss • Pierre Bourdieu • Claude Lévi-Strauss Hau'yu Sosyolojikleştirmek: Mauss'çu Kavramların Bourdieu'nün Pratik Teorisine Tercümesi Öz 1945 yılında Lévi-Strauss sosyoloji ve antropoloji disiplinlerinin, en somut ifadesini Durkheim-Mauss teşrikimesaisinde bulan biraradalığının ve geçişkenliğinin Fransız sosyal bilimlerinin en ayırt edici özelliği olduğunu ilan etmişti. Oysa bugün bu iki disipline ait kavram ve yöntemlerin birlikte kullanımı, sıklıkla kariyerinin ilk yıllarında yapısalcılıktan etkilenen ve Cezayir'de etnografik araştırmalar yürüten Bourdieu'ye atfedilmektedir. Ne var ki Bourdieu'nün antropolojik referansını kariyerinin ilk dönemiyle sınırlandırmak ya da Lévi-Strauss'la olan ilişkisine indirgemek daha derinden ilerleyen ve bir laytmotif olarak sürekli gün yüzüne çıkan bir başka etkiyi gözden kaçırma riskini beraberinde getirir. Zira Bourdieu "son mutlu yapısalcı çalışması" Kabiliye sonrasında gözden düşmüş bir yapısalcılıktan yakasını sıyırmaya çalışırken ya da 1960'lı yılların başında Laboratoire d'Anthopologie sociale ve L'Homme dergisi ile sosyal bilimler alanını bütünüyle hâkimiyeti altına alan antropoloji disiplini karşısında "bastırılmış pozisyonu hatırlatılan sosyolojiyi" ayağa kaldırmak ve mevzilerini tahkim etmek için kendi pratik teorisini geliştirirken ihtiyaç duyduğu başlangıçları Mauss'ta bulur. Bourdieu, Lévi-Strauss'la ilişkisinin aksine, kariyeri boyunca Mauss'a ait ya da Mauss'tan mülhem kavramları kullanmaktan hiç vazgeçmez. Bu makale, Bourdieu'nün antropoloji disipliniyle kurduğu ilişkinin mahiyetini ve Mauss'un şaşırtıcı derecede öngörülü bir şekilde ektiği tohumların Bourdieu'cü bir pratik teorisine nasıl tercüme edildiğini incelemektedir.
The emotional debt experienced by unemployed people is linked to the need to actively use and put into play personal and social abilities in networking practices. Many unemployed people describe having to draw on contacts and get help from network while being unemployed to discover otherwise unknown job opportunities. This is often accompanied by an inner conversation about which way it is best to activate network and also give back in what is often referred to as the ‘two-way street’. Reaching out often comes with a sense of being in debt or wanting to pay back at a later stage in life. From the previous chapter, the workings of shame have been elaborated, but we have not yet investigated how the workings of shame position the unemployed person in terms of networking practices. To investigate the specifics of how networking is invoked in technologies of power and those of the self, I explore how unemployed people govern themselves in relation to the emotional labor that is required of them in networking. What are the affective currencies at play in networking practices?
This chapter is based in a cross-national comparison of Danish and American jobseekers. This comparison is fruitful as it enables me to better see what the exact DNA of the Danish employment system is and explore what the welfare state means in terms of shaping the unemployment experience. The Danish welfare system is universal and relatively generous, and the American system is characterized as a liberal welfare regime. In that sense the comparison is done with cases of maximum variation (Flyvbjerg, Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245, 2006). The analysis builds on the interviews with Danish jobseekers as well as interviews with 15 American jobseekers conducted in 2015 as well as field observations made in Copenhagen and Boston.
In both sites a networking technology is deployed in institutionalized practices encouraging unemployed people to relate to themselves through this lens. Networking stands out as a crucial challenge, and this is related to the overall psychologization of the unemployment issue as it inevitably calls the personality and social skills to the fore in the quest for a job. Governing is not just a matter of governing isolated individuals. It is also a matter of targeting their relations and networks as a potential powerful resource in self-management.
In this open access book, we provide evidence to support the conceptual discussion of what constitutes “modalities of knowledge interaction” and suggest an analytical framework for effective knowledge cooperation. In practice, knowledge cooperation is realised through different modalities that serve as a toolbox to co-create, share and communicate knowledge among actors. Effective knowledge cooperation is crucial to addressing global challenges. It is increasingly attracting attention due to the rise of South–South Cooperation, to which it is central. Our empirical cases (Germany, India, Republic of Korea and Rwanda) comprise South-South cooperation and traditional development cooperation actors.
In this chapter, Aoki’s theory of institutions is developed with Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, and symbolic capital as an alternative to the disembodied economic and game-theoretic approach to institutions as media of information. This is inspired by the Hegelian view of institutions as “second nature,” which is analyzed as inward embodiment of the social world. This chapter highlights the role of power as necessary to enforce institutions, and the role of institutions in creating agential power that is allocated differentially across people, thereby also producing inequality. The model integrates Searle’s notion of institution in terms of metaphor and conceptual blending, and articulates two forms of intentionality, distinguishing I- and We- modes in analyzing agential power. This general approach leads to Fiske’s four types of social relationships, the We-mode defining Community, and the I-mode Hierarchy, Reciprocity, and Market. These four types relate to different cognitive scaling operations and important embodied schemas, respectively the CONTAINER, VERTICAL, BALANCE, and RESOURCE schemas.
As the first of three data chapters, this chapter responds to the one of the primary themes thrown up by the data itself—that is the Chinese language ideologies articulated and performed by African international students and their families in decision-making about study destination language choice. Section 5.2 offers a brief account of China as a rising global superpower so as to set a context for a further investigation of language ideologies. Section 5.3 explains China’s role in the global political economy in relation to African nation-states has implications for participants’ Chinese language ideologies, that is, the standing and importance of Chinese.
Due to the large-scale emigration of Chinese-speaking populations to locations in Anglophone countries, Chinese has been a popular additional language for heritage learners in diasporic communities (Duff and Doherty in The Routledge handbook of Chinese applied linguistics. Routledge, 2019; Duff et al. in The Routledge handbook of heritage language education, Routledge, 2017; Francis et al. in Race Ethn Educ 13:101–117, 2010; Hancock in Lang Educ 26:1–17, 2012; Li and Zhu in Teaching and learning Chinese in global contexts: CFL worldwide. Continuum, 2011; Wang in Lang Policy 6:27–52, 2007). For many, being adept in Chinese has served as an indicator of cultural or ethnic identity, signifying belonging to an envisioned Chinese ancestral community and Chinese complementary schooling was sometimes presented as an ethnic enclave—‘a protective or remedial space from the contamination of Westernization’ (Francis et al. in Race Ethn Educ 13:108, 2010).
A lo largo de las investigaciones del equipo se procuró construir un saber sobre el Cementerio Municipal de La Plata el cual entendemos en peligro. El mismo se caracteriza por conformar un paisaje funerario sujeto a una hermenéutica que da cuenta de la producción de este, su ordenación material y simbólica, la circulación y recepción diferencial de sentidos por los distintos momentos y sectores sociales que conforman y han conformado la ciudad y sus alrededores. Sin embargo, estos saberes construidos desde las investigaciones no llegaban a interpelar al público por fuera del ámbito académico. Reconociendo que el conocimiento debe ser una construcción compartida con la comunidad a la que la Universidad Nacional de La Plata se dedica y sirve, nos hemos propuesto fomentar un intercambio dinámico, inclusivo y organizado con los residentes de la localidad donde se encuentra el cementerio. Para ello apuntamos a rescatar el valor patrimonial funerario histórico y actual del mismo, a partir del compromiso por construir una ciudadanía activa y comprometida con apropiarse, narrar y vivenciar su propia historia local. Se apunta, en definitiva, a buscar una fórmula que nos permitiera integrar algunas de las aristas teóricas de nuestro recorte analítico y recursos como investigadores con los intereses de la comunidad.
This paper presents an approach to decolonial thinking and epistemological disobedience through what we call “decolonial cognitive triggers”. It is based on the struggles of urban peripheral communities in Brazil and explores eight triggers in the making of a Peripheral Epistemology. The unique points of our reflection are the sociocultural practices emerging from urban peripheral communities in Brazil and their responses to structural racism. As a part of this, we will explore the concepts of potência and convivência as core components of the decolonial debate, as well as their role in enabling epistemic disobedience in urban peripheries. We conclude by suggesting shifts in policy-making directed towards urban peripheries through the recognition and incorporation of such concepts and triggers.
Since the adoption of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the order founded on the treaty has evolved into an increasingly fragmented regime complex. Fragmentation has resulted from forum-shifting initiated both at the top and at the bottom of the nuclear hierarchy: both the United States, with varying partners, and coalitions of small-and medium-sized non-nuclear states have repeatedly moved rule-making on nuclear issues to fora outside the NPT, adding partly conflicting institutions to the complex. To understand this dynamic, I propose a sociological perspective that highlights states’ positional struggles in a multidimensionally stratified international society. Drawing on Bourdieusian global fields theory, I argue that both dominant and weak states use forum-shifting to manipulate exchange rates between different (material, institutional and social) forms of capital they possess. Thus, they seek to protect their positions in global hierarchies within and beyond the nuclear field when they perceive these hierarchies as being challenged by material or institutional power shifts.
La transparence organisationnelle est souvent perçue comme synonyme de plus d’équité et facteur de performance. En parallèle, malgré le faible taux de réussite de sa mise en œuvre, la diffusion de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) et son intégration dans les outils sont considérées comme des avancées technologiques permettant plus de transparence au sein des entreprises. Comment la notion de transparence est-elle impliquée, voire instrumentalisée, lors de la mise en œuvre de l’IA ? Pour répondre à cette question animant notre recherche, nous mobilisons la théorie de la pratique de Bourdieu afin de conceptualiser la transparence comme une pratique située dans des champs de pouvoir caractérisés par une répartition inégale de différents types de capitaux. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à révéler les pratiques associées à la mise en œuvre de l’IA dans les équipes en charge de la relation client. Sur la base de deux études de cas, nous discutons des discordances entre la rhétorique initiale qui a soutenu la mise en œuvre de l’IA et ses conséquences sur le terrain. L’analyse met l’accent sur les jeux et transferts de pouvoir dans l’organisation et sur les types de transparence promus par l’IA. Les résultats montrent que si l’implémentation a été justifiée par une transparence fondée sur une plus grande visibilité des processus et sur la révélation de données nouvelles – deux dimensions qui visent à supporter le travail des utilisateurs, elle peut in fine être vue comme un moyen d’accroître la capacité de contrôle et de surveillance de leur travail.
Taking note of the limitations of previously dominant political economy perspectives on China’s urban transformation, and inspired by recent works calling for “beyond-growth” and “micro-level” studies of the Chinese state, as well as ethnographic approaches to the state, this paper aims to explore the often-untold everyday politics of decision-making processes in China’s state-led urban development. Using an urban design project at Hexi New Town in Nanjing, China, as an empirical lens, the article makes three main contributions. Firstly, it reveals how the Chinese local state is constitutive of and lived through intense negotiations and contestations over urban visions, subjectivities, and rules of practices in everyday life. Secondly, building upon existing ethnographic approaches to the state, which focus primarily on state-society dynamics, this paper develops a framework to re-conceptualize the power topology within the Chinese local state as a field of relational modalities (ruling power relations (re)enacted in everyday practices) and relational embeddedness (situated positionalities and subjectivities of state actors). Thirdly, it further shows how the power modalities (the interplay of political-economy power vs technical-power, territorial power vs trans-territorial power) of the Chinese local state are constantly reworked, sometimes re-enacted, sometimes challenged, through both formal and tacit rules in the state’s everyday life. As such, the article provides a new set of entry points to open the black-box of the Chinese local state and to explore the relational nature and an ethnographic perspective of the local state and urban politics in China and beyond.
Here we explore, through conversation, our experience, as programme coordinators, of delivering degree-level apprenticeships. Although relatively ‘young’, the Degree Apprenticeship model has grown significantly since its inception in 2015 and such programmes continue to be supported politically in a way which suggests a long-term future. However, our experience has been one where two different domains of practice have collided—that of ‘Higher Education’ and that of ‘Apprenticeship’—in a way which, for us, has not been comfortable.
Our conversation explores the issues of working within a triangular relationship between apprentice, employer and the university, in the context of the Apprenticeship framework in England. In addition, the idea of apprenticeship and work-based learning is considered from our direct experience as we reflect on how our current teaching practice has been informed by our early careers. Grounded by the notion of an apprenticeship ideal that is supposed to exist, we consider the apparent tensions that are inherent in offering apprenticeships within a university context.
This research investigates the working conditions and challenges faced by local journalists in the Swat district of Pakistan amidst periods of violence, focusing on incidents such as military operations and suicide bombings by the Taliban. Through interviews with journalists in the region, the study explores how they navigate the complexities of reporting traumatic events while grappling with physical and emotional strain. Employing Pierre Bourdieu's Field Theory, the research analyzes journalists' strategies for accessing conflict zones safely and ensuring the journalistic principles of objectivity and fairness. Using concepts like Capital, Habitus, and Doxa, the study situates journalists within the volatile social landscape to highlight the interconnectedness of their professional and personal spheres. Despite possessing cultural and social capital, journalists face significant risks to their safety while fulfilling their reporting duties in dangerous environments.
Consistent with the idea that business ethics is a form of applied ethics, many virtue ethicists make use of an extant (pure) moral philosophy framework, namely, one developed by Alasdair MacIntyre. In doing so, these authors have refined MacIntyre’s work, but have never really challenged it. In here questioning, and developing an alternative to, the MacIntyrean orthdoxy, I illustrate the merit of business ethicists adopting a broader philosophical perspective focused on constructing (new) theory. More specifically—and in referring to action sports (e.g., mountain biking, snowboarding)—I propose that an external good motive is not only much more consistent with virtuous practical excellence than MacIntyreans acknowledge, but that such a motive is fundamental to identifying and explaining how practices can be deliberately created (by businesses). Consequently, and in stark contrast with MacIntyre’s deeply pessimistic outlook on modern business and society, I propose that those who value practices might celebrate our current era.
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