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Considerations on Indoor Navigation Based on Cheap Mobile Devices
Abstract
Nowadays, almost everyone has their own portable computer in the form of a smartphone. It usually gives the ability of positioning and navigation using GPS signal. This method is not usually effective indoors. For navigation in buildings, other technologies based on completely different solutions should be used. There are many indoor navigation solutions available, based on the additional devices usage. They are effective, but require the purchase of additional hardware. Meanwhile, the user is most interested in the possibility of positioning using the same equipment both inside and outside. The authors of this article, noting this issue, decided to refer to the problem of positioning using bluetooth signal, which the module is built into every modern cell phone. Attempts were made to determine the position using bluetooth transmitters. Accuracy estimation of obtained position and considerations on the possibility of building a network of transmitters for positioning were also performed. For this purpose, experiments were conducted on the test object, where bluetooth transmitters and receivers-a mobile phones with Android were used. The signals were recorded using a suitably designed application and then analyzed. Considerations here described, are a part of studies to develop an effective indoor positioning system using various technologies available in today's mobile phones Keywords—indoor radio communication, bluetooth, indoor navigation, indoor positioning, mobile devices, bluetooth signal-based positioning
... Indoor should be used other navigation methods based on such technologies like e.g. WiFi or Bluetooth signal or image-based localization (Janowski, Bednarczyk 2016), ...
In recent years, headphones are becoming a more and more essential personal electronic device to carry cutting-edge consumer technology into everyday life. Hence, it’s an urgent need to enhance security features on headphones. This study analyzed different techniques, technologies and applications to enhance security features in mainstream personal electronic devices, introducing a new taxonomy (Loss-Ownership-Data, LOD) of security features which is based on three categories: Loss Protection (LP), Ownership Protection (OP), Data Protection (DP). And it proposed ten concepts to enhance security features on headphones using this framework. An online user survey was conducted and the results and findings were discussed. This paper unified the general security design techniques into a framework which could be used to analyze and enhance security features in future personal electronic devices and it also proposed some possible solutions to enhance security features in headphone experience. Thirdly, it reported the user attitude, their acceptance, and expectation which can be used as a reference to related design practice.
In recent years, augmented reality (AR) technology is gaining popularity in many areas. It is used especially for data presentation, both in marketing and advertising as well as in engineering fields such as
architecture, construction, urban planning or GIS. In this article, the author decided to consider the use of AR to expand the functionality of analog map. To achieve this goal, an Android mobile application has been developed that, thanks to the AR, makes the analog map interactive and enriched with the ability to show additional data that originally wasn't presented on the map. In result analog map may act similarly to GIS application. This seems to be the new approach to analog map presentation, which might be useful in the future, especially there, where the map must be analog - e.g. in tourist guides or geographical atlases.
In the article data fusion techniques for underwater environment modelling are presented. For better understanding the problem, authors divided data fusion techniques into three parts, in reference to the output information that needed to be obtained.
The authors paid particular attention to the problem of antenna impedance measurements in the RFID technique. These measurements have to be realized by using two ports of a vector network analyzer and dedicated passive differential probes. Since the measurement process and estimated parameters depend on the frequency band, operating conditions, type of the system component and antenna designs used, appropriate verification of the impedance parameters on the basis of properly conducted experiments is a crucial stage in the antenna synthesis of transponders and read/write devices. Accordingly, a systematized procedure of impedance measurements is proposed. It can be easily implemented by designers preparing antennas for different kinds of RFID applications. The essence of indirect measurements of the differential impedance parameters is discussed in details. The experimental verification has been made on the basis of a few representative examples.
Mobile target tracking through large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSN) demands a large number of reference nodes, which is not feasible for resource-constrained WSNs. This paper proposes a resource-efficient mobile tracking system which integrates connectivity-based range-free approach and Received Signal Strength (RSS) based ranging approach to improve the tracking performance while reducing the specialized hardware requirement. In our proposed system, regulated hop-count values between static unknown nodes and reference nodes in the targeted area of interest for mobile tracking are first estimated in the network configuration phase. Then, location of the mobile target is tracked based on the regulated hop-count values and the available RSS measurements from its surrounding nodes at each tracking point without any extra hardware. Additionally, estimated location is enhanced by correcting with the known information of maximum velocity of the mobile target. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed system offers preferable mobile tracking performance with minimum reference node utilization in both small and large-scale networks.
This paper addresses reliable and accurate indoor localization using inertial sensors commonly found on commodity smartphones. We believe indoor positioning is an important primitive that can enable many ubiquitous computing applications. To tackle the challenges of drifting in estimation, sensitivity to phone position, as well as variability in user walking profiles, we have developed algorithms for reliable detection of steps and heading directions, and accurate estimation and personalization of step length. We've built an end-to-end localization system integrating these modules and an indoor floor map, without the need for infrastructure assistance. We demonstrated for the first time a meter-level indoor positioning system that is infrastructure free, phone position independent, user adaptive, and easy to deploy. We have conducted extensive experiments on users with smartphone devices, with over 50 subjects walking over an aggregate distance of over 40 kilometers. Evaluation results showed our system can achieve a mean accuracy of 1.5m for the in-hand case and 2m for the in-pocket case in a 31m×15m testing area.
In this paper, the authors investigate the role that smart devices, including smartphones and smartwatches, can play in identifying activities of daily living. A feasibility study involving N = 10 participants was carried out to evaluate the devices' ability to differentiate between nine everyday activities. The activities examined include walking, running, cycling, standing, sitting, elevator ascents, elevator descents, stair ascents and stair descents. The authors also evaluated the ability of these devices to differentiate indoors from outdoors, with the aim of enhancing contextual awareness. Data from this study was used to train and test five well known machine learning algorithms: C4.5, CART, Naïve Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptrons and finally Support Vector Machines. Both single and multi-sensor approaches were examined to better understand the role each sensor in the device can play in unobtrusive activity recognition. The authors found overall results to be promising, with some models correctly classifying up to 100% of all instances.
This paper extends our previous works on image-based lo- calisation for mobile robot. The image-based localisation consists in matching the current view experienced by the robot with the reference views stored in the visual mem- ory of the robot. The original idea was to use the Fourier components as signatures for the omnidirectional images acquired by the robot. The extensions proposed in this pa- per are: the possibility to have a localisation with differ- ent accuracy while the robot navigates (called hierarchical localisation) and the introduction of a Monte-Carlo local- isation technique to increase the robustness of the system in environments where the image-based localisation can be mislead. Experiments demonstrated the feasibility of the hi- erarchical localisation and the robustness of the implemen- tation of our Monte-Carlo localisation.
Smartphone positioning is an enabling technology used to create new business in the navigation and mobile location-based services (LBS) industries. This paper presents a smartphone indoor positioning engine named HIPE that can be easily integrated with mobile LBS. HIPE is a hybrid solution that fuses measurements of smartphone sensors with wireless signals. The smartphone sensors are used to measure the user's motion dynamics information (MDI), which represent the spatial correlation of various locations. Two algorithms based on hidden Markov model (HMM) problems, the grid-based filter and the Viterbi algorithm, are used in this paper as the central processor for data fusion to resolve the position estimates, and these algorithms are applicable for different applications, e.g., real-time navigation and location tracking, respectively. HIPE is more widely applicable for various motion scenarios than solutions proposed in previous studies because it uses no deterministic motion models, which have been commonly used in previous works. The experimental results showed that HIPE can provide adequate positioning accuracy and robustness for different scenarios of MDI combinations. HIPE is a cost-efficient solution, and it can work flexibly with different smartphone platforms, which may have different types of sensors available for the measurement of MDI data. The reliability of the positioning solution was found to increase with increasing precision of the MDI data.
This paper proposes and implements a low-cost GPS tracking system using GPS and GPRS on cheap mobile phone devices. The proposed system allows a user to view real time positioning and recorded tracks of a mobile phone adapted for the system. It reads the current GPS location of the mobile phone device using a GPS Receiver which may be external to or integrated in the device and sends data to a GSM network via GPRS where the data is forwarded to a main server database. A web application has been developed using PHP and MySQL and the free version of Google Maps APIs is used for the location visualization. The system also use the free email-text messaging attribute of the two major mobile network operators in Mauritius namely Orange and Emtel, to send Geofence alerts to the users if in case an adapted mobile phone device has reached a restricted zone set through the web application. This system has also been built in an intelligent way to send data to the server at the lowest cost possible. It is very useful for fleet management, family monitoring, and can be adapted to the needs of any user. The system meets its objective of being low-cost and is even the cheapest system developed with many functionalities of all existing tracking systems investigated.
Mobile advertising will become more pervasive and profitable, but not before addressing key technical and business challenges.
The relationship between RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) values and distance is the foundation and the key of ranging and positioning technologies in wireless sensor networks. Log-normal shadowing model (LNSM), as a more general signal propagation model, can better describe the relationship between the RSSI value and distance, but the parameter of variance in LNSM is depended on experiences without self-adaptability. In this paper, it is found that the variance of RSSI value changes along with distance regularly by analyzing a large number of experimental data. Based on the result of analysis, we proposed the relationship function of the variance of RSSI and distance, and established the log-normal shadowing model with dynamic variance (LNSM-DV). At the same time, the method of least squares(LS) was selected to estimate the coefficients in that model, thus LNSM-DV might be adjusted dynamically according to the change of environment and be self-adaptable. The experimental results show that LNSM-DV can further reduce error , and have strong self-adaptability to various environments compared with the LNSM.
The publication describes the possible use of tele-geoprocessing as a synergy of modern IT solutions, telecommunications and GIS algorithms. The paper presents a possibility of urban traffic monitoring with the use of mobile GIS indicators of dedicated monitoring system designed for taxi corporation. The system is based on a stationary and mobile software package. The optimal and minimal assumptions for the monitoring of urban traffic are described. They can be implemented as a verification or supplementary tool for complex and high cost transportation management systems or throughput of city streets monitoring systems. The authors show limitations of standard monitoring and GNSS positioning in urban area. They indicate the possible improvement in the functionality of the application to the calculation of supplementary vector data of possible trajectories and based on it, the correction of the data received from the satellite positioning.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08729-0_31
In this paper, we argue that localization solution based on cellular phone technology, specifically GSM phones, is a sufficient and attractive option in terms of coverage and accuracy for a wide range of indoor, outdoor, and place-based location-aware applications. We present preliminary results that indicate that GSM-based localization systems have the potential to detect the places that people visit in their everyday lives, and can achieve median localization accuracies of 5 and 75 meters for indoor and outdoor environments, respectively
In this paper, we re-examine the RSSI measurement model for location estimation and provide the first detailed formulation
of the probability distribution of the position of a sensor node. We also show how to use this probabilistic model to efficiently
compute a good estimation of the position of the sensor node by sampling multiple readings from the beacons (where we do not
merely use the mean of the samples) and then minimizing a function with an acceptable computational effort. The results of
the simulation of our method in TOSSIM indicate that the location of the sensor node can be computed in a small amount of
time and that the quality of the solution is competitive with previous approaches.
Bluetooth is a promising short-range radio network technology. We present a low cost and easily deployed, scalable infrastructure for indoor location-based computing of mobile devices based on the Bluetooth technology. The system consists of 2 main components, namely the Bluetooth (BT) Sensor System and the Central Navigation System which have been developed using the JDK 1.6. The Bluetooth Sensor System allows mobile devices whose Bluetooth mode is set to discoverable, to be scanned and detected, and they receive customizable text message and other relevant files (maps, sound files, video clips) of their positioning information, e.g. room identity. The positioning information is also sent to the Central Navigation System which in turn displays and updates the navigation map. The system is also used to track the movement of different BT mobile devices within the implemented environment.
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