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On ash dispersal from moderately explosive volcanic eruptions: examples from Holocene and Late Pleistocene eruptions of Italian volcanoes

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Marco Crocitti at Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
Marco Crocitti
Roberto Sulpizio
Roberto Sulpizio
Roberto Sulpizio
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Donatella Insinga at Italian National Research Council
Donatella Insinga
Rosanna De Rosa at Università della Calabria
Rosanna De Rosa
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Rend. Online Soc. Geol. It., Suppl. n. 1 al Vol. 40 (2016) 88° Congresso SGI, Napoli 2016
© Società Geologica Italiana, Roma 2016
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On ash dispersal from moderately explosive volcanic eruptions: examples from
Holocene and Late Pleistocene eruptions of Italian volcanoes
Crocitti M.1, Sulpizio R.1, Insinga D.D.2, De Rosa R.3, Donato P.3, Iorio M.2, Zanchetta G.4, Barca D. 3 & Lubritto C.5
1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università di Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy. 2. Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero IAMC –
CNR, Napoli, Italy. 3. DiBEST, Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende Cosenza,
Italy. 4. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 5. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e
Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
Corresponding email: marco.crocitti@alice.it
Keywords: Quaternary volcanism, marine tephrostratigraphy, ash dispersal.
This research presents the results of a tephrostratigraphic analysis carried out on three gravity cores collected from
the southern Tyrrhenian and the Taranto Bay (Ionian Sea). The studied marine successions, representative of shelf, slope
and basin depositional settings, penetrate the last ca 13,000 years and they are generally characterised by silty and clayey
deposits with rare or no disturbance. A total of thirty-eight tephras/cryptotephras were recognised along the records and
their major, trace and rare element content was determined through SEM-EDS, ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS techniques. The
obtained results allowed to correlate most of tephras with the K-alkaline products of the Somma-Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei
and Ischia Island whereas a lower number of analysed samples showed a composition matching with the Na-alkaline and
the calcalkaline products of Mount Etna and Lipari island (Aeolian Arc), respectively. Proximal-distal and distal-distal
correlations were also established. Ash dispersal maps were created for all the correlated deposits and, along with the
recognition of some tephras from large eruptions that confirm or detail the previously assessed dispersal areas (Agnano
Pomici Principali, Mercato, Fiumebianco-Gabellotto, Agnano Monte Spina-Astroni group, Avellino, AP3-AP4-AP5, FL,
Pompeii and Monte Pilato-Rocche Rosse), we present original data concerning low to medium-energy eruptions occurred
at the Neapolitan volcanoes. The recognition of deposits related to these type of events allowed to trace new dispersal
maps (Pigna San Nicola, and Averno 2 from Campi Flegrei; VM1, AS2, AD 1723, AD 1730, AD 1779 and AD 1794
from Somma-Vesuvius) and to enlarge some others (Soccavo 1, Soccavo 4, Averno 1 from Campi Flegrei; Piano Liguori
from Ischia Island; AP1-AP2 and AS3 from Somma-Vesuvius). According to the above conclusions, some of these
moderately explosive eruptions show dispersal areas comparable to those previously assessed for subplinian events of
Italian volcanoes and this aspect may play an important role for ash dispersal hazard evaluation. Moreover, the recognition
of Vesuvius products both in the Tyrrhenian and in the Taranto Bay may allow to establish new isochrons to link the
different archives thus providing a contribution to the palaeoclimate research for this sector of the central Mediterranean.
A latest Pleistocene and Holocene composite tephrostratigraphic framework for northeastern North America
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2021
  • QUATERNARY SCI REV
Lakes and bogs in northeastern North America preserve tephra deposits sourced from multiple volcanic systems in the Northern Hemisphere. However, most studies of these deposits focus on specific Holocene intervals and the latest Pleistocene, providing snapshots rather than a full picture. We combine new data with previous work, supplemented by a broad review of the characteristics and ages of potential source regions and volcanoes, to develop the first composite tephrostratigraphic framework covering the last ∼14,000 years for this region. We report new cryptotephra records from three ombrotrophic peat bogs—Irwin Smith (Michigan), Bloomingdale (New York), and Sidney Bog (Maine)—as well as new analyses and age models from previously reported sites, Nordan's Pond Bog (Newfoundland) and Thin-Ice Pond (Nova Scotia). A new tephra (Iliinsky) from the NGRIP and GRIP ice cores is also presented as it can be correlated to new data from these terrestrial records and helps validate radiocarbon age models. We identify 21 new tephra in addition to the 15 already known, several of which cover the entire region – the White River Ash east, Newberry Pumice, Ruppert (NDN-230), and Mazama. For the first time we find Mount St. Helens Yn (ca. 3660 cal yr BP) and a set P tephra (∼3000–2550 cal yr BP), and confirm the presence of Jala Pumice from Volcan Ceboruco, Mexico, and KS1 from Ksudach volcano, Kamchatka. We describe new “ultra-distal” tephra, including the early Holocene KS2 eruption, and propose correlations to volcanoes Iliinsky and Shiveluch of Kamchatka, and Ushishir of the Kurile Islands. Not all of these tephra represent large eruptions, with several plausible correlations to sub-Plinian events. Using Bayesian age-modeling, we present new age estimates for the newly described tephra, for tephra with previously poor age control, and for several proximal correlatives. Overall, we demonstrate northeastern North America's importance for providing transcontinental linkages between paleoenvironmental records and providing insights into ash distribution from different styles and sizes of eruptions.
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