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The predicted level of atmospheric air pollution in the city area affected by highways
Abstract
Purpose: The development of the methodology for atmospheric air pollution assessment in the zone affected by city highways, which is based on the equation of detached flow of inviscid fluid and considers the dwellings zone peculiarities as well as the natural laws of chemical transformations of air pollutants. Methodology: The predicted level of atmospheric air pollution in the city area located near highways and affected by automotive pollutants is reasoned by the joint solution of hydrodynamic equation of field of velocities for wind flow estimation in the highway area and the problem of admixture transfer in the atmosphere. To estimate the field of velocities for wind flow the method of incompressible frictionless vortex-type flow was applied. The natural laws of admixture transfer in the atmosphere were established by means of convection and diffusive transfer of admixture and its chemical transformation in the atmosphere. The predicted concentration of pollutants was estimated by means of numerical simulation on computational straight-line graticube using the method of labeling of rated operating conditions based on the alternating triangular difference scheme. Findings: The developed methodology enables efficient prediction of atmospheric air pollution levels by automotive pollutants in case of buildings and highway arrangement of street canyon type and considering the chemical transformations of pollutants. The application of the developed numerical model enabled the establishment of the nitrogen dioxide concentrations dynamics in the air near the buildings adjacent to the highway. The comparative analysis for nitrogen dioxide concentrations changes relative to its maximum permissible concentration in the atmosphere and its annual average was carried out. Originality: The methodology for atmospheric air pollution levels assessment at the different distances from a highway was developed. It allows considering the natural laws of chemical transformations of air pollutants as well as the effect of dwellings zone peculiarities on their dispersion. Practical value: The developed prognostic methodology can be used for the planning of highways in new city districts as well as for the calculations of old highways reconstruction requiring consideration of different types of buildings and highways arrangement under the definite meteorological conditions. The obtained laws of pollutants dispersion at the different distances from a highway should be considered for the timely adoption of the nature-conservative measures.
... The main types of works concerning the natural resources of renewable energy, the scientific achievements related to the use of natural resources for the development of alternative energy, which contain a general and special description of renewable energy resources, ways of their use and evaluation have been singled out and analyzed. The conducted analysis has shown that today more and more authors devote their works to the systematization and improvement of non-traditional energy sources and complex calculation of the options, by means of which energy can be obtained [4][5][6]. ...
The use of renewable energy in sustainable tourism development of the region is substantiated in the paper. There are three stages in selecting areas for projects on renewable energy sources: selection of the potentially suitable area; consideration of exclusion criteria; detailed assessment of potential areas. The impact factors on spatial constraints and the opportunities for building solar power plants, on the parameters of sustainable tourism development in the Carpathian region were determined. New research findings were obtained, the result of which was the concept and cartographic models of the environmentally safe location of renewable energy objects. New methods and methodological recommendations for the development of renewable energy in the Carpathian region were described as prospective taking into account the constraints on the parameters of environmental safety and tourist use of the territory.
Purpose. The scientific paper is aimed at creating a methodology of chemical pollution zones in the territories of industrial cities and accounting the possibility of assessing the risks of chronic diseases. Methodology. The method of numerical calculation of nitrogen dioxide concentration in atmospheric air is based on the solution of three-dimensional impurity transfer equations, which directly comes from a permanently stationary source (industrial enterprise) and a linearly distributed source (highway). The method takes into account the process of chemical transformation of impurities and photolysis in the atmosphere. The numerical model is based on the splitting of model equations and their solution using an implicit difference scheme. Findings. The created software allows conducting computational experiments to calculate the areas of atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen dioxide, taking into account the interaction of impurities coming from various types of pollution sources and meteorological parameters. On the basis of the obtained field of nitrogen dioxide concentration, an assessment of the change in the risk of chronic intoxication associated with atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen dioxide over 50 years was carried out. Originalitys. For the first time the regularities of changes in the level of atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen dioxide have been established with due regard to the mutual influence of emissions from the industrial enterprise and highway and their chemical transformation in the atmosphere. The risk of chronic intoxication has been calculated and its changes have been analyzed with due regard to the interaction of emissions from the industrial enterprise and highway, it leads up to 10% of risk increasing. Practical value. Authors developed a mathematical model and method of numerical calculation. Software created on their base allows obtaining quickly quantitative results necessary in developing the system for monitoring the man-made loaded regions of the city. The obtained patterns of impurities dispersion allow us to estimate the levels of pollution in urban areas of the city by emissions from industrial enterprises and highways. Accounting of the mutual impact of emissions and the calculation of risks of intoxication allows solving environmental problems arising in the development of transport strategy in cities.
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