Addendum to the mycobiota of smut fungi in Poland

Abstract

The paper presents new records of three rare species of smut fungi in Poland. Anthracoidea buxbaumii was collected in new localities, A. caricis collected on Carex montana is a new fungus/host combination in Poland, and Urocystis ranunculi-auricomi was found in the country after almost 50 years.

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Acta Mycologica
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Addendum to the mycobiota of smut fungi
in Poland
Agata Wołczańska1*, Anna Cwener2, Hanna Wójciak1
1 Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-
Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
2 Department of Geobotany, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska
University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
* Corresponding author. Email: agata.wolczanska@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
Abstract
e paper presents new records of three rare species of smut fungi in Poland. An-
thracoidea buxbaumii was collected in new localities, A. caricis collected on Carex
montana is a new fungus/host combination in Poland, and Urocystis ranunculi-
auricomi was found in the country aer almost 50 years.
Keywords
Urocystales; Ustilaginales; Anthracoidea; Urocystis; distribution in Poland
Introduction
Smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina) are multicellular organisms characteristic by their
dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. Smuts parasitize owering plants, in-
cluding many economically important hosts like maize, barley, wheat, oats, and forage
grasses.
Detailed data about the distribution of smut fungi in Poland are summarized in the
monograph by Kochman and Majewski [1] and in A preliminary checklist of micromy-
cetes in Poland [2]. Articles presenting data about the occurrence of this group in the
country were published by Chlebicki [3], Piątek and Mułenko [4], Ruszkiewicz et al.
[5], and Lutz and Piątek [6]. Anthracoidea species are widely distributed in the tem-
perate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the highland regions
of the Southern Hemisphere. Currently, this genus is represented by approximately
112 species and this number is supposed to increase [7–10]. e representatives of
Urocystis are cosmopolitan and occur worldwide. Vanky [11] has recorded as many as
162 species in this genus.
e aim of this paper is to present new records of the distribution of some rare
smut fungal species from Poland, i.e., Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen, A. caricis
(Pers.) Bref., and Urocystis ranunculi-auricomi (Liro) Zundel.
Material and methods
Infected host plants were collected in the southeastern part of Poland: Polesie region,
Lublin Upland, Środkowomazowiecka Lowland, and Jasło–Krosno Basin. Air-dried
specimens were examined under a standard light microscope Olympus CH30 and a
scanning electron microscope (SEM) VEGA3 Tescan. e identication of the fungi
and their nomenclature follow that provided by Kochman and Majewski [1] and
Van ky [11]. e names of vascular plants are unied according to Mirek et al. [12] and
the regions of Poland according to Kondracki [13]; additionally, data on the ATPOL
squares have been added to each locality. e analyzed specimens are deposited in
the herbarium of the Department of Botany and Mycology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska
University in Lublin (LBL).
DOI: 10.5586/am.1072
Publication history
Received: 2016-04-12
Accepted: 2016-06-15
Published: 2016-06-24
Handling editor
Maria Rudawska, Institute of
Dendrology, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Poland
Authors’ contributions
All authors collected the
material and contributed to
manuscript preparation; AW
identied all specimens
Funding
Research supported by the
Polish Ministry of Science and
Higher Education as part of
the statutory activities of the
Department of Botany and
Mycology and the Department
of Geobotany, Maria Curie-
Skłodowska University in Lublin.
Competing interests
No competing interests have
been declared.
Copyright notice
© The Author(s) 2016. This is an
Open Access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License,
which permits redistribution,
commercial and non-
commercial, provided that the
article is properly cited.
Citation
Wołczańska A, Cwener A,
Wójciak H. Addendum to
the mycobiota of smut
fungi in Poland. Acta Mycol.
2016;51(1):1072. http://dx.doi.
org/10.5586/am.1072
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Piotr Otręba
Elektronicznie podpisany przez Piotr Otręba
DN: c=PL, o=Polish Botanical Society, ou=Polish Botanical Society, l=Warsaw, cn=Piotr Otręba, email=p.otreba@pbsociety.org.pl
Data: 2016.06.24 15:05:49 +01'00'

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Wołcza ńska et al. / Addendum to the mycob iota of smut fungi in Polan d
List of species
Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen
Sori globose in the ovaries, usually scattered in the inorescence, rarely: almost all
ovaries infected (Fig. 1d). Spores dark reddish brown, attened, in plane view broadly
elliptical, ovate or irregular, 14–22(–24) × 20–26(–28) µm; wall 1–3.5 µm thick, with
1–3 indistinct internal swellings, without protuberances and light-refractive areas,
minutely verruculose.
Specimens examined. On Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.: Poland, Volhynian Polesie,
Dubienka Depression: ca. 4 km NE of the Bagno Serebryskie Reserve, and 2 km N
of the Brzeźno Reserve (GE 25), 6 June 2015, leg. A. Cwener (LBL 23587); Western
Polesie, Łęczna–Włodawa Plain: Krowie Bagno Reserve (GE 02), 3 July 2015, leg. H.
Wójciak (LBL 23588).
Notes. In all the localities mentioned above, the host plants were heavily infected.
Probably in the Polish part of the Polesie region, A. buxbaumii can be considered a
relatively frequent species. Two localities in Poland situated in this area have been
published so far: Anthracoidea buxbaumii was found on C. buxbaumii in Bagno
Fig. 1 Infected host plants and spores of the presented species. a,b Anthracoidea caricis on Carex montana. c,e,f Uro-
cystis ranunculi-auricomi on Ranunculus auricomus (the white circle indicates an infected leaf). d Anthracoidea buxbau-
mii on Carex buxbaumii.

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Wołcza ńska et al. / Addendum to the mycob iota of smut fungi in Polan d
Serebryskie Reserve near Chełm town
(GE 34) and on C. hartmanii Cajander in
the Bagno Bubnów swamp (GE 12) in the
Poleski National Park [4,14] (Fig. 2). e
parasite forms black spore clusters on fe-
male inorescences of C. buxbaumii and C.
hartmanii sedges. ese plants represent rare
taxa in Poland and occur in scattered locali-
ties over the country. Previously, they were
regarded as an aggregate unit [15]. Currently,
accurate data on their occurrence as sepa-
rate species have been presented by Sotek
[16,17] and Gierczyk and Soboń [18]. Both
sedge species occur in peat bogs, i.e., habitats
that are decreasing due to the reduced water
level. Carex buxbaumii is included in the list
of endangered taxa in Poland [19], which
has been proposed to include C. hartmanii
as well [17]. In the regional list concerning
the Polesie and Lublin regions, C. buxbau-
mii agg. is specied as a vulnerable species
[20,21]. Detailed data on the distribution of
A. buxbaumii worldwide are presented in the
paper by Piątek and Mułenko [4].
Anthracoidea caricis (Pers.) Bref.
Sori black, globose in ovaries. Spores middle to dark reddish brown, attened, in plane
view subcircular, angular, or irregular, 16–19(–20) × 18–24 µm; wall 1.5–3 µm thick,
the thickest at the angles, with 1–3 indistinct internal swellings, minutely verruculose;
besides warts (0.2–0.3 µm high), minute papillae are visible in SEM (Fig. 1a,b).
Specimens examined. On Carex montana L. Poland, Lublin Upland, Zamość Depres-
sion: surroundings of Niedzieliska village near Zamość town – edge of Bodaczowski
Forest (GE 91), 19 May 2015, leg. A. Cwener (LBL 23586). On C. pilulifera L. Poland,
Środkowomazowiecka Lowland, Central Vistula Valley: surroundings of Dęblin town
(FD 92), July 2015, leg. H. Wójciak (LBL 23585).
Notes. Anthracoidea caricis is one the most common species of Anthracoidea in Po-
land. Until now, it has been collected only on C. pilulifera – data on C. montana [1,2]
should be referred to Ukraine (Pokucie Carpathians). is is rst collection of the
species on C. montana in Poland. e general distribution of this species ranges across
the Northern Hemisphere [11].
Urocystis ranunculi-auricomi (Liro) Zundel
Sori on leaves and stems create up to 2-cm long swellings. Initially, they are covered
by epidermis; later, aer rupturing, black powdery mass is visible (Fig. 1e,f). Spore
balls are composed of brown central spores (2–7 in one ball) and yellowish sterile cells
(3–7). Balls: 22–32 × 26–42 µm, central spores: 10–16 × 14–18 µm, sterile cells: 4–6
× 8–10 µm (Fig. 1c). ese data dier only slightly from the species description given
by Vanky [11].
Specimens examined. On Ranunculus auricomus L. Poland, Central Beskidian Pied-
mont, Jasło–Krosno Basin: Rymanów town (FG 13), wet meadow, 26 April 2011, 23
April 2014, leg. A. Wołczańska (LBL 23583, 23584).
ABCDE FG
ABCDE FG
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
- a1
- a2
- b1
- b
2
Fig. 2 Distribution of the analyzed species in Poland: Anthracoidea bux-
baumii: a1 – new localities, a2 – known localities; Urocystis ranunculi-auri-
comi: b1 – new locality, b2 – known locality.

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Notes. Currently, 32 species of the Urocystis genus occur in Poland. ree species,
i.e., U. cariae (Liro) Moesz, U. ranunculi (Lib.) Moesz, and U. ranunculi-auricomi
[2], have been found on representatives of the Ranunculus genus. In turn, nine spe-
cies have been reported on this host worldwide [11]. Urocystis ranunculi is the most
common cosmopolitan species, whereas the other species are only distributed across
the Northern Hemisphere. Urocystis ranunculi-auricomi is quite a rare species known
in Europe, Asia, and North America. It was collected most frequently on Ranunculus
auricomus and rarely on R. aconitifolius L., R. anis R. Br., R. cassubicus L., R. escholt-
zii Schltdl., R. fallax (Wimmer & Grab.) Kerner, R. monophyllus Ovcz, and R. sibiricus
Glehn [11]. In Poland, this rare species has been reported from one locality so far, i.e.,
from Stanisławice village in Niepołomicka Primeval Forest (EF 63). e specimen
was collected by J. Kućmierz on a wet meadow in May 1964 [1,22] (Fig. 2). Data from
Ostrowiec published by Kawecka-Starmachowa [23] refer to an area that currently
belongs to Ukraine (leg. T. Wilczyński in 1913). Although the hosts of U. ranunculi-
auricomi are common in Poland, the second locality of this smut fungus was found
aer nearly 50 years. e R. auricomus specimens found in Rymanów were infected by
two fungal species. In addition to U. ranunculi-auricomi, Aecidium ranunculacearum
DC aecia were found on the plant leaves.
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