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volume 7 · no. 1
Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typied generic names in
Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales)
Martina Réblová1, Andrew N. Miller2, Amy Y. Rossman3*, Keith A. Seifert4, Pedro W. Crous5, David L. Hawksworth6,7,8, Mohamed A.
Abdel-Wahab9, Paul F. Cannon8, Dinushani A. Daranagama10, Z. Wilhelm De Beer11, Shi-Ke Huang10, Kevin D. Hyde10, Ruvvishika
Jayawardena10, Walter Jaklitsch12,13, E. B. Gareth Jones14, Yu-Ming Ju15, Caroline Judith16, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura17,
Ka-Lai Pang18, Liliane E. Petrini19, Huzefa A. Raja20, Andrea I Romero21, Carol Shearer2, Indunil C. Senanayake10, Hermann
Voglmayr13, Bevan S. Weir22, and Nalin N. Wijayawarden10
1Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice 252 43, Czech Republic
2Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
3Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; *corresponding author e-mail: amydianer@
yahoo.com
4Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue,
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
5CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
6Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
7Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
8Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
9Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
10Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
11Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
12Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
13Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
14Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
15Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115 29, Taiwan
16Department of Mycology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
17Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 8, 123 Al Khoud, Oman
18Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224,
Taiwan (ROC)
19Via al Perato 15c, CH-6932 Breganzona, Switzerland
20Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 457 Sullivan Science Building, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
21Instituto de Micología y Botánica, UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4°, Lab 6, Av. Int. Güiraldes 2620. Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
22Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
Abstract: With the advance to one scientic name for each fungal species, the generic names in the class Sordariomycetes
typied by sexual and asexual morphs are evaluated based on their type species to determine if they compete with each
other for use or protection. Recommendations are made for which of the competing generic names should be used based
on criteria such as priority, number of potential names changes, and frequency of use. Some recommendations for well-
known genera include Arthrinium over Apiospora, Colletotrichum over Glomerella, Menispora over Zignoëlla, Microdochium
over Monographella, Nigrospora over Khuskia, and Plectosphaerella over Plectosporium. All competing generic names
are listed in a table of recommended names along with the required action. If priority is not accorded to sexually typied
generic names after 2017, only four names would require formal protection: Chaetosphaerella over Oedemium, Diatrype
over Libertella, Microdochium over Monographella, and Phaeoacremonium over Romellia and Togninia. Concerning
species in the recommended genera, one replacement name (Xylaria benjaminii nom. nov.) is introduced, and the following
new combinations are made: Arthrinium sinense, Chloridium caesium, C. chloroconium, C. gonytrichii, Corollospora
marina, C. parvula, C. ramulosa, Juncigena fruticosae, Melanospora simplex, Seimatosporium massarina, Sporoschisma
daemonoropis, S. taitense, Torpedospora mangrovei, Xylaria penicilliopsis, and X. termiticola combs. nov.
Article info: Submitted: 26 April 2016; Accepted: 24 May 2016; Published: 8 June 2016.
Key words:
Ascomycota
nomenclature
pleomorphic fungi
protected lists
taxonomy
doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08 IMA FUNGUS · 7(1): 131–153 (2016)
Réblová et al.
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INTRODUCTION:
The class Sordariomycetes is composed of three subclasses
and about 21 orders including many genera with species that
express themselves in both their sexual and asexual morphs.
Based on the obsolete version of Article 59 of the outdated
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et
al. 2006), these morphs had previously been described in
different genera resulting in more than one scientic name for
a single fungal species. With the change to the International
Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN;
McNeill et al. 2012), two or more names for different morphs of
the same species are no longer allowed. Although determining
which name to use generally follows the principle of priority
of publication at the family, generic and species level,
exceptions to this principle are allowed, especially in the case
of economically important and widely used taxa.
In this paper generic names that appear to compete
for use are reviewed to determine if their respective type
species are congeneric using various resources including
the USDA SMML Fungal Databases (http://nt.ars-grin.gov/
fungaldatabases/) and Wijayawardene et al. (2012). If so,
then a number of factors are considered in deciding which
generic name to recommend for use. These factors include
the number of species in each competing genus, which
correlates with the number of name changes that would be
required, and how widely used are species in each genus
as determined by reports and peer-reviewed publications. If
these factors are about equal, then the generic name that
has priority by date is recommended for use. For each set of
competing generic names, these factors are discussed based
on the literature. Finally, a draft of these recommendations
was circulated widely amongst the community of mycologists
interested in each major group of fungi to arrive at the
proposals made here.
A synopsis of data concerning each genus is provided in
Table 1 listing the generic names recommended for use and
competing names, the type species for each genus and the
current name for the type, and action required especially if
the principle of priority will not be followed, i.e. the generic
name must be protected. At present the ICN requires that
names typied by sexual morphs should have priority unless
protected, although it is proposed that this requirement be
deleted in 2017 (Hawksworth 2015). Eventually all generic
names proposed for protection will be evaluated by the
Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF), and formally
accepted or not at the Nomenclature Section meeting of the
next International Botanical Congress in 2017.
For several groups of fungi having pleomorphic genera,
this process has been completed, i.e. Dothideomycetes
(Rossman et al. 2015b), Erysiphales (Braun 2013), Eurotiales
(Samson et al. 2014, Visagie et al. 2014), Leotiomycetes
(Johnston et al. 2014), yeast fungi (Daniel et al. 2014), and
some orders of Sordariomycetes including Diaporthales
(Rossman et al. 2015a), Hypocreales (Rossman et al. 2013,
Quandt et al. 2014), Magnaporthales (Zhang et al. 2016), and
Microascales and Ophiostomatales (de Beer et al. 2013).
This paper addresses the remaining orders of the class
Sordariomycetes listed alphabetically by order as outlined
in Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015): Amphisphaeriales,
Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Coniochaetales, Conio-
scyphales, Cordanales, Coronophorales, Glomerellales,
Halosphaeriales, Melanosporales, Microascales, Phylla-
chorales, Pleurotheciales, Savoryellales, Sordariales,
Togniniales, Torpedosporales, and Xylariales.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GENERIC NAMES
(A) = a name typied by an asexual morph, and (S) = a name
typied by a sexual morph.
Amphisphaeriales
Use Dyrithiopsis L. Cai et al. 2003 (S) rather
than Monochaetiopsis L. Cai et al. 2003 (A)
The monotypic genera Dyrithiopsis, typied by D.
lakefuxianensis, and Monochaetiopsis, typied by M.
lakefuxiansis, were described as the sexual and asexual
morph of the same species at the same time (Jeewon et
al. 2003), thus they are synonyms and have equal priority.
Because Dyrithiopsis has been cited more widely in the
literature, we recommend Dyrithiopsis for use.
Use Hyalotiopsis Punith. 1970 (A) rather than
Ellurema Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1985 (S)
When Punithalingam (1970) described the genus Hyalotiopsis,
typied by H. subramanianii, he noted that the sexual morph
was Massaria indica, the basionym of Ellurema indica, type of
the monotypic Ellurema, thus Hyalotiopsis and Ellurema are
synonyms. This history was recounted by Nag Raj & Kendrick
(1986) when they described Ellurema. A second species of
Hyalotiopsis has been redisposed in Parahyalotiopsis as P.
borassi (syn. Hyalotiopsis borassi) (Nag Raj 1976), thus both
genera include only one species. Given their equal use, we
follow priority and recommend Hyalotiopsis for use.
Use Pestalotiopsis Steyaert 1949 (A) rather
than Pestalosphaeria M.E. Barr 1975 (S)
The well-known genus Pestalotiopsis, typied by P. guepinii,
was established for many species of Pestalotia determined
to be distinct from the type of Pestalotia, P. pezizoides. Barr
(1975) described the genus Pestalosphaeria, typied by P.
concentrica, for the sexual morph of Pestalotiopsis guepinii var.
macrotricha, both species on Rhododendron in southeastern
North America. Thus, it appears that Pestalosphaeria is a
synonym of Pestalotiopsis. Pestalotiopsis has been widely
used and currently includes more than 200 names with two
recent accounts of the genus (Maharachchikumbura et al.
2012, 2014). On the other hand, Pestalosphaeria includes
14 names, none of which are commonly used. Given the
ubiquitous and widely reported species of Pestalotiopsis as
well as the number of names in that genus and its priority, we
recommend use of Pestalotiopsis.
Use Seimatosporium Corda 1833 (A) rather
than Discostroma Clem. 1909 (S)
The generic names Discostroma and Seimatosporium
have been applied to sexual and asexual morphs of the
same species based on morphological studies (Brockmann
Generic name in Sordariomycetes
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volume 7 · no. 1
1976, Nag Raj 1993). The type species of Discostroma, D.
rehmii, is a younger synonym of D. massarina, and has an
asexual morph referred to as Seimatosporium ribis-alpini
while the type of Seimatosporium, S. rosae, has a sexual
morph described as Discostroma rosae (Shoemaker
1964, Brockmann 1976, Nag Raj 1993). Although neither
of the type species of Discostroma or Seimatosporium
were included, Tanaka et al. (2011) used three species
of Discostroma and sixteen species of Seimatosporium
in their LSU tree to show that representatives of these
genera form a monophyletic genus that should be
regarded as Seimatosporium. Norphanphoun et al. (2015)
added four more isolates of Seimatosporium including one
for the type species, S. rosae, and also concluded that
the genus was monophyletic. Host-specicity should be
considered in studying the taxonomy of this genus. Given
that Seimatosporium is the oldest name, has the greater
number of species, and is more commonly used, this
generic name is recommended for use.
New combination:
Seimatosporium massarina (Sacc.) Jaklitsch &
Voglmayr, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB817259
Basionym: Metasphaeria massarina Sacc., Atti Soc. Veneto-
Trent. Sci. Nat., Padova, Sér. 6 2: 22 (1884).
Synonyms: Discostroma massarina (Sacc.) Arx, Gen. Fungi
Sporul. Cult., 2nd edn. (Vaduz): 131 (1974).
Hendersonia ribis-alpini Fautrey, Revue Mycol., Toulouse 14:
171 (1892).
Seimatosporium ribis-alpini (Fautrey) Shoemaker & E. Müll.,
Canad. J. Bot. 42: 403 (1964).
Curreya rehmii Schnabl, Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges., Beih. 2: 66
(1892)
Discostroma rehmii (Schnabl) Clem., Gen. Fungi: 173 (1909).
Use Seiridium Nees 1816 (A) rather than
Blogiascospora Shoemaker et al. 1966 (S)
According to Shoemaker et al. (1966) Seiridium marginatum,
the type species of Seiridium, is the asexual morph of
Blogiascospora marginata, type of the monotypic genus
Blogiascospora, thus Seiridium and Blogioascopsora are
synonyms as conrmed by Jaklitsch et al. (2016). Seiridium
is the older generic name, has the greater number of
species, and is the more widely used, therefore Seiridium is
recommended for use.
One species of Seiridium, S. cupressi, cause of the
widespread disease known as cypress canker, has previously
been referred to as Lepteutypa cupressi. The type of
Lepteutypa, L. fuckelii, is now placed in a distinct genus in the
Amphisphaeriaceae (Jaklitsch et al. 2016), while the species
previously regarded as L. cupressi belongs in Seiridium as S.
cupressi in Sporocadaceae.
Calosphaeriales
Use Calosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 (S) rather
than Calosphaeriophora Réblová et al. 2004
(A)
The genus Calosphaeria, typied by C. princeps, includes
114 names while an asexual morph of C. pulchella was
described in the monotypic genus Calosphaeriophora as
Ca. pulchella (Réblová et al. 2004). Calosphaeria pulchella
is a saprobic fungus occurring on various woody plants and
has been recently isolated from wood of sweet cherry trees
showing canker symptoms (Trouillas et al. 2010a, Berbegal
et al. 2014). If Calosphaeria princeps and C. pulchella are
congeneric, then these generic names are synonyms as
suggested by Réblová et al. (2015). Based on priority, the
number of species in the genus, and its widespread use, the
generic name Calosphaeria is recommended for use.
Use Pleurostoma Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 (S) rather
than Pleurostomophora Vijaykr. et al. 2004 (A)
The genus Pleurostoma, typied by P. candollei, includes
six names, two of which have been placed elsewhere.
One species, P. ootheca, has an asexual morph described
as Pleurostomophora ootheca, the type species of
Pleurostomophora (Vijaykrishna et al. 2004). Réblová
et al. (2015) explored the phylogeny of this group
including one species of Pleurostoma and four species of
Pleurostomophora, although the type species of Pleurostoma
was not available. While both sexual species are lignicolous,
the asexual species were isolated from woody plants, soil
or sewage (Schol-Schwarz 1970). They were also identied
as etiological agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
(Meyer et al. 1975, Hironaga et al. 1989), and one asexual
species of Pleurostoma, P. ochraceum, is known to cause
human eumycetoma (Mhmoud et al. 2012). Assuming that
Pleurostoma candollei and P. ootheca are congeneric,
these generic names are synonyms. Given that the
name Pleurostoma has priority, has the greater number
of species, and has been widely used, we recommend
the use of Pleurostoma. Based on these conclusions
and recent molecular data, the three exclusively asexual
Pleurostomophora species were transferred to Pleurostoma
by Réblová et al. (2015).
Use Togniniella Réblová et al. 2004 (S) rather
than Phaeocrella Réblová et al. 2004 (A)
The monotypic genera Togniniella, typied by T. acerosa, and
Phaeocrella, typied by P. acerosa, were described in the
same article for the sexual and asexual morphs of the same
species and thus are synonyms having equal priority (Réblová
et al. 2004). Although an older epithet was discovered for T.
acerosa (Réblová 2011), this was later rescinded (Réblová
et al. 2015). We recommend the use of the generic name
Togniniella.
Chaetosphaeriales
Use Chloridium Link 1809 (A) rather than
Gonytrichum Nees & T. Nees 1818 (A) or
Melanopsammella Höhn.1920 (S)
The type species of Chloridium, C. viride as C. virescens,
has long been known to be a synonym of Chaetosphaeria
vermicularioides (syn. Melanopsammella vermicularioides),
a species that is congeneric with M. inaequalis, the type of
Melanopsammella (Réblová & Winka 2000, Fernández et al.
Réblová et al.
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134 ima fUNGUS
2006, Crous et al. 2012). The type species of Gonytrichum,
G. caesium, is the asexual morph of M. inaequalis (Hughes
1951), thus Chloridium, Gonytrichum and Melanopsammella
are synonyms. Over 60 names have been placed in Chloridium,
the most well-known of these three generic names. Chloridium
was monographed by Gams & Holubová-Jechová (1976),
however, many of these names have been removed to
other genera. Gonytrichum includes over 20 species while
Melanopsammella consists of ve species, two of which already
have names in Chloridium (Réblová et al. 1999, Réblová 2000).
Melanopsammella has been distinguished from Chaetosphaeria
by several authors (Réblová & Winka 2000, Fernández &
Huhndorf 2005, Fernández et al. 2006, Crous et al. 2012). Given
the widespread use of Chloridium and its priority, the generic
name Chloridium is recommended for use.
New combinations:
Chloridium caesium (Nees) Réblová & Seifert, comb.
nov.
MycoBank MB816825
Basionym: Gonytrichum caesium Nees, Nova Acta Phys.-
Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 9: 244 (1818).
Synonyms: Eriosphaeria inaequalis Grove, J. Bot., Lond. 24:
132 (1886).
Melanopsammella inaequalis (Grove) Höhn., Ann. Mycol. 17:
121 (1920).
Chloridium chloroconium (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.)
Réblová & Seifert, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816826
Basionym: Chaetosphaeria chloroconia W. Gams & Hol.-
Jech., Stud. Mycol. 13: 86 (1976).
Synonyms: Melanopsammella chloroconia (W. Gams & Hol.-
Jech.) Réblová et al., Sydowia 51: 65 (1999).
Gonytrichum chlamydosporium G.L. Barron & G.C. Bhatt,
Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 32: 126 (1967).
Because the name Chloridium chlamydosporium (J.F.H.
Beyma) S. Hughes 1958 already exists, and refers to a
different taxon, the next older epithet for this species is taken
up and placed in Chloridium.
Chloridium gonytrichii (F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf)
Réblová & Seifert, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816827
Basionym: Melanopsammella gonytrichii F.A. Fernández &
Huhndorf, Fungal Diversity 18: 42 (2005).
Crous et al. (2012) showed that this species is closely
related to Chloridium virescens as Melanopsammella
vermicularioides.
Use Menispora Pers. (A) 1822 rather than
Zignoëlla Sacc. 1878 (S)
The genus Menispora is typied by M. glauca, which has
a sexual morph referred to as Chaetosphaeria glauca
(Holubová-Jechová 1973a), which is a synonym of the
earlier name Zignoëlla ovoidea. The type of Zignoëlla is Z.
pulviscula,which has an asexual morph known as Menispora
caesia (Booth 1957, Constantinescu et al. 1995). Fernández
et al. (2006) demonstrated that Zignoëlla is distinct from
Chaetosphaeria based on C. innumera and that Z. pulviscula
and Z. ovoidea are congeneric, thus Menispora and Zignoëlla
are synonyms. Like Chaetosphaeria, Zignoëlla has been used
as a repository for species that have a similar morphology,
namely black non-stromatic ascomata with a papilla and
hyaline, septate ascospores, but are phylogenetically diverse.
Given the lack of characterization of Zignoëlla, the greater
use of Menispora, and following the principle of priority,
Menispora is recommended for use.
Use Menisporopsis S. Hughes 1952 (A) rather
than Menisporopascus Matsush. 2003 (S)
The monotype species of Menisporopascus, M. kobensis, was
described for the asexual morph Menisporopsis kobensis.
Because M. kobensis is congeneric with the type species of
Menisporopsis, M. theobromae, as indicated by Rodrigues
de Cruz et al. (2014), Menisporopsis and Menisporopascus
are synonyms. Menisporopsis includes 10 names, is widely
known, and has priority, therefore, the use of Menisporopsis
is recommended.
Use Sporoschisma Berk. & Broome 1847 (A)
rather than Melanochaeta E. Müll. et al. 1969
(S)
The genus Sporoschisma, typied by S. mirabile, is considered
the asexual morph of Melanochaeta aotearoae, while the
type of Melanochaeta, M. hemipsila, is the sexual morph of S.
saccardoi, now considered a synonym of S. hemipsila (Sivichai
et al. 2000, Zelski et al. 2014a). Sporoschisma mirabile and
S. hemipsila were shown to be congeneric (Fernández et al.
2006), thus Sporoschisma and Melanochaeta are synonyms.
Of the ve species in Melanochaeta, four have Sporoschisma
asexual morphs (Sivichai et al. 2000, Mugambi & Huhndorf
2008). Sporoschisma includes 23 names, some of which
have been placed elsewhere. If Melanochaeta were used,
many name changes would be required. Based on priority
and fewer number of name changes, we follow Zelski et al.
(2014a) and recommend the use of Sporoschisma for this
genus.
New combinations:
Sporoschisma daemonoropis (J. Fröhl. & K.D. Hyde)
A.N. Mill., comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816828
Basionym: Melanochaeta daemonoropis J. Fröhl. & K.D.
Hyde, Palm Microfungi: 235 (2000).
Sporoschisma taitense (Mugambi & Huhndorf) A.N.
Mill., comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816829
Basionym: Melanochaeta taitensis Mugambi & Huhndorf,
Sydowia 60: 263 (2008).
A Sporoschisma asexual morph was noted to occur with this
type specimen.
Generic name in Sordariomycetes
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volume 7 · no. 1
Use Stanjehughesia Subram. 1992 (A) rather
than Umbinosphaeria Réblová 1999 (S)
Stanjehughesia hormiscioides, type of Stanjehughesia, was
established with cultivation techniques as an asexual morph
of Umbrinosphaeria caesariata, the monotype species of
Umbrinosphaeria (Réblová 1999), therefore Stanjehughesia
and Umbrinosphaeria are synonyms. In exploring species
of Sporidesmium, Shenoy et al. (2006) demonstrated
the polyphyletic nature of Stanjehughesia; however, 15
species have been described in that genus and the name
is well-known. Given its priority, we recommend the use of
Stanjehughesia.
Coniochaetales
Use Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke 1887 (S) rather
than Lecythophora Nannf. 1934 (A)
The genus Coniochaeta, typied by C. ligniaria, was shown
to be congeneric with Lecythophora, typied by L. lignicola
(Weber et al. 2002, Damm et al. 2010, Khan et al. 2013,
Perdomo et al. 2013). Coniochaeta is a well-known genus
with almost 100 names while Lecythophora includes nine
names, two of which are linked to species of Coniochaeta.
These fungi are known as endophytes, pathogens of woody
trees, saprobes in terrestrial and freshwater habitats (Raja
et al. 2012) and, to a lesser degree, human pathogens
(Damm et al. 2010). Both Khan et al. (2013) and Perdomo
et al. (2013) include species of Lecythophora in a clade
with the type species of Coniochaeta. Given the number of
species, its widespread use, following the principle of priority,
and in agreement with Khan et al. (2013), Coniochaeta is
recommended for use.
Conioscyphales
Use Conioscypha Höhn. 1904 (A) rather than
Conioscyphascus Réblová & Seifert 2004 (S)
The genus Conioscypha, with C. lignicola as type species,
includes 13 species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats.
The genus Conioscyphascus, typied by Ca. varius, was
originally established for fungi with Conioscypha asexual
morphs (Réblová & Seifert 2004a). The two sexual species,
Ca. gracilis with C. gracilis as its asexual morph and Ca.
varius with C. varia, were recently placed in Conioscypha
(Zelski et al. 2014b, Réblová et al. 2016). Although C.
lignicola and 10 other species of Conioscypha are known
only in their asexual morph, using DNA sequence data and
cultivation studies, the link between sexual and asexual
morphs has been experimentally proven for C. peruviana
(Zelski et al. 2014b) and C. varia (Réblová & Seifert 2004a).
Such a link has not yet been conrmed for the third species
known to have a sexual morph, C. gracilis, however, conidia
were observed on the substratum near ascomata (Réblová
& Seifert 2004a, Zelski et al. 2014b). The molecular data
clearly show that Conioscypha and Conioscyphascus are
congeneric (Réblová & Seifert 2004a). Based on priority
and the greater number of species, the name Conioscypha
is recommended for use.
Cordanales
Use Cordana Preuss 1851 (A) rather than
Pseudobotrytis Krzemien. & Badura 1954 (A)
or Porosphaerella E. Müll. & Samuels 1982 (S)
The type species of Cordana, C. pauciseptata, was linked to
a sexual morph described as Porosphaerella cordanophora,
type of Porosphaerella (Müller & Samuels 1982), thus these
generic names are synonyms. Cordana is a well-known
asexual genus that includes 22 names while three species
have been placed in Porosphaerella. Réblová and Seifert
(2007) showed that P. borinquinensis and P. cordanophora
are closely related despite the fact that P. borinquinensis
has an asexual morph regarded as Pseudobotrytis terrestris
which Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2014) recognized as
Cordana terrestris including Porosphaerella borinquinensis
as a synonym. They also considered the type species of
Pseudobotrytis, P. fusca, to be a synonym of C. terrestris,
thus this generic name with four species is also a synonym of
Cordana. Given its priority, fewer number of name changes
required, and widespread use, we recommend the use of
Cordana rather than Pseudobotrytis or Porosphaerella.
Coronophorales
Protect Chaetosphaerella E. Müll. & C. Booth
1972 (S) over Oedemium Link 1824 (A) and
rather than Veramycina Subram. 1995 (A)
The genus Chaetosphaerella, typied by C. phaeostroma,
has an asexual morph regarded as Oedemium minus (Booth
1958, Réblová 1999). The type species of Oedemium,
O. atrum as O. didymium, is the asexual morph of
Chaetosphaerella fusca (Ellis 1971). These two species of
Chaetosphaerella were shown to be congeneric (Mugambi
& Huhndorf 2010), thus Chaetosphaerella and Oedemium
are synonyms. Veramycina elegans, the monotype species
of Veramycina, was regarded as a later name for the
asexual morph of C. phaeostroma (Réblová 1999), thus
this generic name is also a synonym of Chaetosphaerella.
Because Veramycina has been rarely used, that name is not
a contender for use, however, the decision of whether to use
Oedemium or Chaetospharella is more difcult. The genus
Oedemium was claried and monographed including two
species by Hughes & Hennebert (1963) both of which have
been linked with Chaetosphaerella. Although more species
have been described in Oedemium, some have been placed
elsewhere and others remain obscure. Chaetosphaerella
has been placed phylogenetically in Chaetosphaerellaceae,
Coronophorales (Mugambi & Huhndorf 2010). In the past
decade Chaetosphaerella appears in the literature much
more frequently than Oedemium, thus we recommend
Chaetosphaerella for protection.
Glomerellales
Use Colletotrichum Corda 1837 (A) rather than
Glomerella Spauld. & Schrenk 1903 (S)
The genus Colletotrichum, typied by C. lineola, is a large
genus with 817 epithets (Index Fungorum 2016), many
of which are considered plant pathogens. The number of
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136 ima fUNGUS
accepted species has varied over the decades with most
species previously considered to be host-specic. Based on
von Arx (1957) in which several hundred names were placed
in synonymy with C. gloeosporioides, the number of species in
Colletotrichum decreased to 11. Sutton (1980) included about
22 species in Colletotrichum for which he provided a key. With
the use of molecular sequence data, the number of recognized
species has increased with some species determined to be
host-specic while others have a broad host range (Rojas et
al. 2010, Damm et al. 2009, 2012, Weir et al. 2012). The type
species, Colletotrichum lineola, had long been considered to
be a synonym of C. dematium but was recently recognized as
a distinct species in the C. dematium species complex (Damm
et al. 2009, Cannon et al. 2012). Meanwhile, the sexual morphs
of Colletotrichum were placed in the genus Glomerella, typied
by G. cingulata, which has been considered the sexual morph
of C. gloeosporioides. Recently this relationship has been
questioned with C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata regarded
as distinct species in the C. gloeosporioides species complex
(Weir et al. 2012). Over 100 names have been described in
Glomerella, many of which have names in Colletotrichum.
Although considered different species, there is no question
that Colletotrichum and Glomerella represent the same genus.
Use of Colletotrichum over Glomerella is recommended
for use for several reasons. Species of Colletotrichum are
mainly associated with plants as endophytes and pathogens
and have been thoroughly studied. In contrast, their sexual
morphs regarded as Glomerella tend to occur on dead plant
material and are less frequently encountered (Cannon et
al. 2012, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015). Colletotrichum
is the older generic name and is well established in the
plant pathological and plant breeder literature (Cannon et
al. 2012). Preference has been given to Colletotrichum by
several groups working on this genus (Cannon et al. 2012,
Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015) based on its widespread
use, greater number of names, and priority.
Use Cylindrotrichum Bonord. 1851 (A) rather
than Reticulascus Réblová & W. Gams 2011 (S)
The type species of Cylindrotrichum, C. oligospermum, was
shown to represent the asexual morph of Chaetosphaeria
tulasneorum, the type species of Reticulascus (Réblová
& Gams 1999, Réblová et al. 2011a), thus the generic
names Cylindrotrichum and Reticulascus are synonyms.
Cylindrotrichum includes 23 names (Rambelli & Onofri
1987) while Reticulascus includes only two names. Between
these two generic names, Cylindrotrichum is the most widely
known. Given its widespread use, priority, and greater
number of names, we recommend the use of Cylindrotrichum
rather than Reticulascus.
Use Monilochaetes Halst. ex Harter 1916 (A)
rather than Australiasca Sivan. & Alcorn 2002
(S)
The type species of Monilochaetes, M. infuscans, was
shown to be congeneric with Australiasca queenslandica,
the type species of Australiasca (Réblová et al. 2011a).
The two species described in Australiasca have names in
Monilochaetes, thus, if the older name Monilochaetes is
used, no name changes are required. This generic name
includes six species and has priority, thus Monilochaetes is
recommended for use.
Use Plectosphaerella Kleb. 1929 (S) rather
than Plectosporium M.E. Palm et al. 1995 (A)
The genus Plectosporium, typied by P. tabacinum,
was established for the asexual morph of species of
Plectosphaerella of which the type species, P. cucumeris,
is the name applied to the sexual morph of Plectosporium
tabacinum (Palm et al. 1995), thus Plectosphaerella and
Plectosporium are synonyms. Plectosphaerella cucumerinum
is known as the cause of fruit and collar rot, and collapse
of several crops including melons (Carlucci et al. 2012).
Plectosphaerella includes 14 names while four species
have been placed in Plectosporium. Carlucci et al.
(2012) provided a molecular account of Plectosphaerella
in the Plectosphaerellaceae and transferred species of
Plectosporium to Plectosphaerella. Given its priority,
greater number of names, economic importance, and
recent account of the genus, the use of Plectosphaerella
is recommended.
Use Sporoschismopsis Hol.-Jech. & Hennebert
1972 (A) rather than Porosphaerellopsis
Samuels & E. Müll. 1982 (S)
The generic name Sporoschismopsis was introduced by
Holubová-Jechová & Hennebert (1972) with S. moravica as
type species and it now includes eight names (Holubová-
Jechová 1973b). The generic name Porosphaerellopsis,
typied by P. sporoschismophora (Samuels & Müller
1978, Müller & Samuels 1982), was established for the
sexual morphs of Sporoschismopsis. Porosphaerellopsis
sporoschismophora was transferred to Sporoschismopsis
(Réblová 2014) while a second species, P. bipolaris described
by Ranghoo et al. (2001), was excluded from the genus.
Another sexual morph was experimentally proven for S.
angustata (Réblová 2014). Based on DNA sequence data, the
two asexual morphs, S. angustata and S. sporoschismophora,
form a strongly supported monophyletic clade in the
Reticulascaceae, Glomerellales. Given that S. angustata,
S. moravica, and S. sporoschismophora are congeneric, the
generic names Sporoschismopsis and Porosphaerellopsis
are synonyms. Based on priority and the greater number of
species, Sporoschismopsis is recommended for use.
Halosphaeriales
Use Corollospora Werderm. 1922 (S) rather
than Varicosporina Meyers & Kohlm. 1965 (A)
and Halosigmoidea Nakagiri et al. 2009 (A)
Although the type species of Corollospora, C. maritima, does
not appear to have an asexual morph in Varicosporina, a
number of species of Corollospora are linked to varicosporina-
like asexual morphs. Abdel-Wahab et al. (2009) showed that the
type of Varicosporina, V. ramulosa, groups within Corollospora,
thus Corollospora and Varicosporina are synonyms. The type
species of Halosigmoidea, H. luteola as Sigmoidea luteola,
was shown by culture techniques to be the asexual morph
of Corollospora luteola (Nakagiri & Tokura, 1982). Jones
et al. (2009) demonstrated that the three marine species
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recognized in Halosigmoidea grouped with Corollospora, thus
Halosigmoidea is also a synonym of Corollospora. Over 20
species are included in Corollospora while only three names
have been described in Varicosporina, two of which have
names in Corollospora, and only three names were included in
Halosigmoidea. Given the number of names, widespread use,
and priority, we recommend the use of Corollospora.
New combinations:
Corollospora marina (Haythorn & E.B.G. Jones)
E.B.G. Jones, K.L. Pang & Abdel-Wahab, comb.
nov.
MycoBank MB816830
Basionym: Sigmoidea marina Haythorn & E.B.G. Jones,
Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 74: 620 (1980).
Synonym: Halosigmoidea marina (Haythorn & E.B.G. Jones)
Nakagiri et al., Bot. Mar. 52: 355 (2009).
Corollospora parvula (Zuccaro et al.) E.B.G. Jones,
K.L. Pang & Abdel-Wahab, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816831
Basionym: Halosigmoidea parvula Zuccaro et al., Bot. Mar.
52: 355 (2009).
Corollospora ramulosa (Meyers & Kohlm.) E.B.G.
Jones & Abdel-Wahab, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816832
Basionym: Varicosporina ramulosa Meyers & Kohlm., Canad.
J. Bot. 43: 916 (1965).
Melanosporales
Use Melanospora Corda 1836 (S) rather than
Gonatobotrys Corda 1839 (A)
The type species of Melanospora, M. zamiae, has been shown
to be congeneric with M. damnosa (Cannon & Hawksworth
1982), of which the type species of Gonatobotrys, G. simplex,
is considered a synonym (Vakili 1989). Given the widespread
use of Melanospora, its priority, and the 120 names in
Melanospora while Gonatobotrys includes only 32 names,
Melanospora is recommended for use.
New combination:
Melanospora simplex (Corda) D. Hawksw., comb.
nov.
MycoBank MB816833
Basionym: Gonatobotrys simplex Corda, Prachtora: 9
(1839).
Synonyms: Sphaeroderma damnosum Sacc. & Berl., Riv.
Patol. Veg. 4: 56 (1896) [“1895”].
Melanospora damnosa (Sacc.) Lindau, Nat. Panzenfam. 1
(1*): 353 (1897).
Microascales
Use Knoxdaviesia M.J. Wingf. et al. 1988 (A)
rather than Gondwanamyces G.J. Marais &
M.J. Wingf. 1998 (S)
Knoxdaviesia proteae, type of the genus Knoxdaviesia,
was described as the asexual morph of Ceratocystiopsis
proteae, a species that was later placed in the genus
Gondwanamyces as the type species, thus Knoxdaviesia
and Gondwanamyces are synonyms. Both generic names
have been used about equally. In agreement with de Beer
et al. (2013), the use of the oldest name, Knoxdaviesia, is
recommended.
Use Sphaeronaemella P. Karst. 1884 (S) rather
than Gabarnaudia Samson & W. Gams 1974 (A)
The type species of Sphaeronaemella, S. helvellae, is
congeneric with the type species of Gabarnaudia, G. betae,
described as the asexual morph of S. micola (Samson
1974). Conrmed by molecular data (Hausner & Reid
2004), these generic names are synonyms. Five species
of Gabarnaudia have been placed in Sphaeronaemella (De
Beer et al. 2013), a genus with 30 species. Sphaeronaemella
is most commonly used and has priority, thus we recommend
the use of Sphaeronaemella.
Phyllachorales
Use Diachora Müll. Arg. 1893 (S) rather than
Diachorella Höhn. 1918 (A)
The generic names Diachora, typied by D. onobrychidis,
and Diachorella, typied by D. onobrychidis, are apparently
based on the same type specimen, thus these names are
synonyms. Diachora is considered a name for the sexual
morph while Diachorella represents the asexual morph.
Both generic names include less than ten species. Müller
(1986) and Cannon (1991) reviewed species in these
genera including the type species. Because Diachora is
more widely known and has priority, we recommend that
name for use.
Use Ophiodothella (Henn.) Höhn. 1904 (S)
rather than Acerviclypeata Hanlin 1990 (A)
The genus Ophiodothella, typied by O. atromaculans, now
includes 26 species, which are obligate parasites of subtropical
and tropical plants (Hanlin et al. 1992). An asexual morph of
O. vaccinii, now O. angustissima, cause of yspeck leafspot
of Vaccinium arboretum in the southeastern United States,
was described as the monotype species of Acerviclypeatus,
A. poriformans (Hanlin 1990), thus Ophiodothella and
Acerviclypeatus are synonyms. Not much is known about O.
atromaculans but this species appears to be congeneric with O.
angustissima (Hanlin & Gonzáles 2013). Given the number of
species and priority, we recommend the use of Ophiodothella.
Use Polystigma DC 1815 (S) rather than
Polystigmina Sacc. 1884 (A) and Rhodoseptoria
Naumov 1913 (A)
The generic names Polystigma, typied by P. rubrum, and
Polystigmina, typied by P. rubrum, are based on the same
basionym of their respective type species and, therefore,
are synonyms for the sexual and asexual morphs. Cannon
(1996) monographed Polystigma including ve species on
Prunus among others. He also noted that the type species of
the monotypic Rhodoseptoria was a synonym of Polystigma
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rubra, thus that generic name is also a synonym of Polystigma.
Several species of Polystigma cause diseases such as red
blotch of almonds caused by P. amygdalinum and red leaf
spot of plum caused by P. rubrum (Habibi et al. 2015). All but
two of the seven taxa placed in Polystigmina are synonyms of
Polystigma rubra while Polystigma includes over 50 species.
Given the greater number of species, its widespread use,
economic importance, and priority, we recommend the use
of Polystigma.
Use Pseudothiella Petr. 1928 (S) rather than
Pseudothiopsella Petr. 1928 (A)
The monotypic generic names Pseudothiella, typied by P.
hirtellae, and Pseudothiopsella, typied by P. hirtellae, were
described at the same time for sexual and asexual morphs
of the same species, thus they are synonyms with equal
priority. Pseudothiella has been used slightly more often than
Pseudothiopsella (Furlanetto & Dianese 1998), therefore we
recommend use of Pseudothiella.
Pleurotheciales
Use Pleurothecium Höhn. 1919 (A) rather than
Carpoligna F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf 1999
(S)
The genus Pleurothecium is typied by P. recurvatum.
A sexual morph is known for P. recurvatum for which
the monotypic generic name Carpoligna, typied by C.
pleurothecii, was introduced (Fernández et al. 1999). Of the
eight species assigned to the genus Pleurothecium, only
three have DNA sequence data. Pleurothecium recurvatum
and P. semifecundum form a strongly supported monophyletic
clade in the Pleurotheciales and represent the core of the
genus (Réblová et al. 2016), while P. obovoideum (Arzanlou
et al. 2007) is nested in the same order but within another
clade. Given its priority and greater number of species,
Pleurothecium is recommended for use.
Savoryellales
Use Canalisporium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1989 (A)
rather than Ascothailandia Sri-indr. et al. 2010
(S)
The genus Canalisporium, typied by C. caribense, includes
12 species (Nawawi & Kuthubutheen 1989). A sexual
morph was described for C. grenadoideum and linked to the
monotypic genus Ascothailandia, typied by A. grenadoidea
(Sri-indrasutdhi et al. 2010). The link between sexual and
asexual morphs of this species was conrmed experimentally
in axenic culture. Six species of Canalisporium, including
the type species, were the subject of phylogenetic analysis
based on DNA sequence data of three nuclear loci by Sri-
indrasutdhi et al. (2010) who conrmed that Ascothailandia
and Canalisporium are congeneric. Based on priority and the
greater number of species, the generic name Canalisporium
is recommended for use.
Sordariales
Use Chaetomium Kunze 1817 (S) rather than
Trichocladium Harz 1871 (A), Botryotrichum
Sacc. & Marchal 1885 (A), or Humicola Traaen
1914 (A)
Chaetomium, typied by C. globosum, is a well-known genus
of cellulose-decomposing fungi some of which cause diseases
of humans. The sexual morph of Botryotrichum piluliferum,
type of the asexual genus Botryotrichum, was described as
Chaetomium piluliferum (Daniels 1961). Later this species
was conrmed to be congeneric with C. globosum (Untereiner
et al. 2001, Nonaka et al. 2012), thus Chaetomium and
Botryotrichum are synonyms. Although sexual states have
not been discovered for the type of Humicola, H. fuscoatra or
related species such as the common H. grisea, nuc28S rDNA
sequences place these species within the present concept of
Chaetomium. The type of Trichocladium, T. asperum, also lacks
a sexual morph and occurs in the same clade (Hambleton et al.
2005). Over 500 names have been described in Chaetomium.
Botryotrichum currently includes eight species. Humicola and
Trichocladium each include about 20 species, but both are
phylogenetically heterogeneous and most species belong
to different clades. Given its extensive use and economic
importance, its priority, and the greater number of species, we
recommend the use of Chaetomium.
Use Lasiosphaeris Clem. 1909 (S) rather than
Lasiadelphia Réblová & W. Gams 2011 (A)
The genus Lasiosphaeris was described by Clements
(1909) with L. hispida as its type species. The name was
reestablished by Miller & Huhndorf (2004) for species
segregated from Lasiosphaeria based on nuc28S rDNA
sequences. Two species were accepted in the genus, L.
hispida and L. hirsuta. Gams & Holubová-Jechová (1976)
introduced Phialophora sect. Catenulatae, typied by
the dematiaceous species Phialophora lasiosphaeriae,
the asexual morph experimentally proven for L. hispida
(as L. hirsuta, Gams & Holubová-Jechová 1976, Gams
2000). Réblová et al. (2011b) desribed the generic name
Lasiadelphia with L. lasiosphaeriae as the type species for
the asexual morph of Lasiosphaeris hispida. Therefore, the
type species of Lasiosphaeris and Lasiadelphia are morphs
of the same species and the generic names are synonyms.
Based on priority and the greater number of species, the
generic name Lasiosphaeris should be used.
Use Mammaria Rabenh. 1854 (A) rather than
Pseudocercophora Subram. & Sekar 1986 (S)
The genus Mammaria, typied by M. echinobotryoides, includes
two names while the monotypic genus Pseudocercophora,
typied by P. ingoldii, was described for the sexual morph of M.
echinobotryoides, thus these generic names are synonyms.
If the principle of priority is followed, no names changes are
required, thus, the use of Mammaria is recommended.
Use Neurospora Shear & B.O. Dodge 1927 (S)
rather than Chrysonilia Arx 1981 (A)
The genus Neurospora, typied by N. sitophila, includes
the well-known model organism, N. crassa. The asexual
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morph of the type species was described in Chrysonilia with
C. sitophila as the type species. There is no question that
Neurospora and Chrysonilia are generic synonyms (von Arx
1981). At present Neurospora includes 57 names while only
three names have been placed in Chrysonilia, all of which
also have names in Neurospora. Given its priority, the number
of species, and its widespread use, it is recommended that
Neurospora be used rather than Chrysonilia.
Use Stromatographium Henn. 1907 (A) rather
than Fluviostroma Samuels & E. Müll. 1980 (S)
The genus Stromatographium, typied by S. stromaticum,
is the asexual state of Fluviostroma wrightii, monotype
species of Fluviostroma (Samuels & Müller 1980). Seifert
(1987) claried the confusion between Stromatographium
and Stromatostilbella and showed that the asexual
morph of F. wrightii belongs in Stromatographium. Given
its greater use and priority, we recommend the use of
Stromatographium.
Togniniales
Protect Phaeoacremonium W. Gams 1996 (A)
over Togninia Berl. 1900 (S) and Romellia Berl.
1900 (S)
The genus Phaeoacremonium was established for P.
parasiticum, rst described causing phaeohyphomycosis
in humans, but also causing wilts in tropical trees and
an economically important disease of grapevine known
as esca disease (Hawksworth et al. 1976, Crous et al.
1996). Once this genus was described, a number of
species were discovered and placed in Phaeoacremonium.
Based on phylogenetic analysis and mating studies,
sexual morphs were found for these species in Togninia,
formerly attributed to Calosphaeriales (Mostert et al. 2003).
Species of Phaeoacremonium are known as vascular plant
pathogens such as esca and Petri disease of grapevine
as well as human pathogens. Two monographic accounts
of Phaeoacremonium have been published (Mostert et al.
2006, Réblová et al. 2015). Gramaje et al. (2015) formally
proposed to protect the name Phaeoacremonium against
Togninia because although Togninia has 26 epithets,
half have not been reported since their description, and
only nine species have been experimentally linked with
Phaeoacremonium. Phaeoacremonium includes 46 species
of which all are known from culture and their DNA data
are available. Also Phaeoacremonium is favoured by plant
pathologists and medical mycologists and is well established
in the literature. All required new combinations were made
in Gramaje et al. (2015). The type species of Romellia, R.
vibratilis, was sequenced and placed in Togninia by Réblová
& Mostert (2007) and recently moved to Phaeoacremonium
by Gramaje et al. (2015). Three of the four species of
Romellia have since been placed elsewhere. Thus, because
it is widely used and has the greatest number of species,
we recommend the protection of Phaeoacremonium over
Togninia and Romellia.
Torpedosporales
Use Juncigena Kohlm. et al. 1997 (S) rather
than Moheitospora Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010 (A)
The monotypic genus Juncigena is typied by J. adarca for
which an asexual morph was described as Cirrenalia adarca
(Kohlmeyer et al. 1997). Later the asexual species was
placed in the genus Moheitospora as M. adarca along with
the type species, M. fruticosae (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010),
thus Juncigena and Moheitospora are synonyms. Although
one name change would be required, Juncigena has priority
and has greater use in the literature, thus it is recommended
that Juncigena be used. Schoch et al. (2007) showed that
this genus belongs in Hypocreomycetidae and later Jones et
al. (2015) placed it in Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales.
New combination:
Juncigena fruticosae (Abdel-Wahab et al.) A.N. Mill.
& Shearer, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816834
Basionym: Moheitospora fruticosae Abdel-Wahab et al.,
Mycol. Progr. 9: 551 (2010).
Use Torpedospora Meyers 1957 (S) rather than
Glomerulispora Abdel-Wahab & Nagah. 2010
(A)
The monotype species of Glomerulispora, G. mangrovei,
groups with the two species of Torpedospora such that
these generic names are considered synonyms (Abdel-
Wahab et al. 2010, Jones et al. 2015). These species are
marine fungi found on driftwood throughout the world. Given
the widespread use of Torpedospora and its priority, use of
Torpedospora is recommended.
New combination:
Torpedospora mangrovei (Abdel-Wahab & Nagah.)
E.B.G. Jones & Abdel-Wahab, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816835
Basionym: Glomerulispora mangrovei Abdel-Wahab &
Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9: 553 (2010).
Xylariales
Use Arthrinium Kunze 1817 (A) rather than
Apiospora Sacc. 1875 (S), Pteroconium Sacc.
ex Grove 1914 (A), and Scyphospora L.A.
Kantsch 1928 (A)
Species in the genus Arthrinium are widespread and
commonly encountered as saprobes and secondary
invaders especially on monocotyledonous plants. The
common species, A. arundinis, is the name typied by the
sexual morph of the type species of Apiospora, A. montagnei
(Müller & Arx 1962). Less is known about the type species of
Arthrinium, A. caricicola, but this species is assumed to be
congeneric with A. arundinis (Crous & Groenewald 2013),
although they were unable to nd material to include in
their molecular phylogeny. Crous & Groenewald (2013) also
showed that Pteroconium asteroides, type of Pteroconium,
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is a synonym of Arthrinium. Samuels et al. (1981) suggested
that Scyphospora phyllostachydis was the asexual morph
of Apiospora tintinnabula, now Arthrinium hysterinum, thus
Scyphospora is a synonym of Arthrinium. In agreement
with both Crous & Groenewald (2013) and Senanayake et
al. (2015), Arthrinium has priority and is the most widely
used of these generic names, thus use of Arthrinium is
recommended.
Although Hughes (1958) followed by Ellis (1965), Samuels
et al. (1981) and Crous & Groenewald (2013) suggested
that Cordella is a synonym of Arthrinium, this is based on
the assumption that C. coniosporioides is the type species.
Cordella was described with two species without indicating a
type. Clements & Shear (1931) were the rst to select a type
species for Cordella and they list C. spinulosa, a species that
Hughes (1958) placed in Melanographium, thus Cordella is
not a synonym of Arthrinium.
Based on the molecular sequence data provided by
Crous & Groenewald (2013), Apiospora sinensis is placed
in Arthrinium.
New combination:
Arthrinium sinense (K.D. Hyde et al.) Crous & J.Z.
Groenew., comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816836
Basionym: Apiospora sinensis K.D. Hyde et al., Sydowia 50:
27 (1998).
In addition a nomenclator is provided for Arthrinium
hysterinum because of confusion about the correct name
for this species and its numerous synonyms. Previously
recognized in Apiospora by Tang et al. (2007), Kirk (1986)
and Sivanesan (1983), Crous & Groenewald (2013) and
Senanayake et al. (2015) included Apiospora bambusae,
A. setosa and A. tintinnabula as synonyms within the genus
Arthrinium. The correct name for this species is Arthrinium
hysterinum with the synonyms listed below:
Arthrinium hysterinum (Sacc.) P.M. Kirk, Trans. Brit.
Mycol. Soc. 86: 409 (1986).
Basionym: Melanconium hysterinum Sacc., Bolm Soc.
broteriana, Coimbra, sér. 1 11: 21 (1893).
Synonyms: Scyphospora hysterina (Sacc.) Sivan., Trans.
Brit. Mycol. Soc. 81: 331 (1983).
Melanconium bambusae Turconi, Atti Ist. bot. R. Univ. Pavia,
sér.2 16: 251 (1916).
Scirrhia bambusae Turconi, Atti Ist. bot. R. Univ. Pavia, sér.
2 16: 531 (1916).
Scirrhodothis bambusae (Turconi) Trotter, in Saccardo, Syll.
Fung. 24: 611 (1926).
Placostroma bambusae (Turconi) R. Sprague, Diseases
Cereals Grasses N. Amer.: 121 (1950).
Apiospora bambusae (Turconi) Sivan., Trans. Brit. Mycol.
Soc. 81: 331 (1983).
Scyphospora phyllostachydis L.A. Kantsch., Bolêz. Rast. 17:
88 (1928).
Cordella johnstonii M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 103: 31 (1965).
Apiospora setosa Samuels et al., New Zealand J. Bot. 19:
142 (1981).
Apiospora tintinnabula Samuels et al., New Zealand J. Bot.
19: 142 (1981).
Use Collodiscula I. Hino & Katum. 1955 (S)
rather than Acanthodochium Samuels et al.
1987 (A)
The genus Collodiscula, typied by C. japonica, was linked
to Acanthodochium collodisculae, type of Acanthodochium,
by Samuels et al. (1987), who considered these names
morphs of the same species, thus these generic names are
synonyms. Three species have been added to Collodiscula
(Li et al. 2015a, b). Given that this generic name has
priority and includes four species, the use of Collodiscula is
recommended.
Use Daldinia Ces. & De Not. 1863 (S) rather
than Annellosporium M.L. Davey 2010 (A) or
Versiomyces Whalley & Watling 1989 (S)
The genus Daldinia, typied by D. concentrica, has recently
been monographed by Stadler et al. (2014). They showed
that the monotype species of Annellosporium, A. nemorosa,
belongs in Daldinia as D. nemorosa, thus Daldinia and
Annellosporium are synonyms. They also showed that the
monotype species of Versiomyces, V. cahuchucosus, belongs
in Daldinia as D. cahuchucosa, thus Versiomyces is a synonym
of Daldinia. Daldinia is a well-known genus with many species
and has priority, thus it is recommended for use.
Protect Diatrype Fr. 1849 (S) over Libertella
Desm. 1830 (A)
The genus Diatrype, typied by D. disciformis, includes over
500 names (Index Fungorum 2016), some of which cause
canker diseases of hardwoods such as D. stigma associated
with diseased grapevines (Rolshausen et al. 2006). Libertella
betulina, type of the genus Libertella, is known to be the
asexual morph of Diatrype stigma (Grove 1937, Kutorga et
al. 2006) and D. disciformis has an asexual morph described
as L. disciformis. Trouillas et al. (2010b) showed that D.
disciformis and D. stigma are congeneric, thus Diatrype and
Libertella are synonyms. Because Diatrype is widely known,
has a greater number of species, and includes important plant
pathogenic fungi, Diatrype is recommended for protection
over Libertella.
Use Hypocreodendron Henn. 1897 (A) rather
than Discoxylaria J.C. Lindq. & J.E. Wright
1964 (S)
Hypocreodendron is a monotypic genus based upon H.
sanguineum for which Lindqvist & Wright (1964) introduced the
monotypic genus Discoxylaria, typied by D. myrmecophila,
as the sexual morph. Rogers et al. (1995) observed a
specimen of D. myrmecophila that bore both conidial and
mature perithecial morphs. They compared their collection
with the holotype specimen and obtained the conidial
morph in culture initiated from ascospores to demonstrate
that these were alternate morphs of the same species.
Thus, Hypocreodendron and Discoxylaria are synonyms. In
agreement with Stadler et al. (2013), Maharachchikumbura
et al. (2015), and priority, we recommend the use of
Hypocreodendron.
Generic name in Sordariomycetes
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141
volume 7 · no. 1
Use Hypoxylon Bull. 1791 (S) rather than
Nodulisporium Preuss 1849 (A)
The genus Hypoxylon, typied by H. fragiforme, is a
well-known group of stromatic ascomycetes on rotting
wood. Although a number of segregated genera are now
recognized such as Annulohypoxylon, Biscogniauxia, and
Nemania, many species still remain within Hypoxylon sensu
stricto (Hsieh et al. 2005). Von Arx (1982), de Deighton
(1985), demonstrated the relationship of the asexual
morph Nodulisporium ochraceum, type of Nodulisporium,
to Hypoxylon fragiforme, thus these generic names
are synonyms. Other species of Nodulisporium have
been placed in various genera suggesting the articial
circumscription of this genus. Given the widespread use of
Hypoxylon, the number of names, and priority, the use of
Hypoxylon is recommended.
Use Microdochium Syd. & P. Syd. 1924 (A)
rather than Monographella Petr. later in 1924
(S)
The genus Microdochium, typied by M. phragmitis,
was published a few months later than Monographella,
typied by M. divergens, now regarded as a synonym
of Microdochium nivale. Hernández-Restrepo et al.
(2016) recognized the synonym of Microdochium and
Monographella and considered Microdochium to be
the best generic name to use for these fungi because
Microdochium included more species and was more widely
known than Monographella. They added six species to the
31 names in the genus Microdochium while Monographella
includes only 15 names. In addition they epitypied the
type of Microdochium, M. phragmitis, a species that had
been shown to represent two sympatric species (Ernst et
al. 2011). Thus, in agreement with Hernández-Restrepo et
al. (2016), we recommend the protection of Microdochium
over Monographella.
Use Nemania Gray 1821 (S) rather than
Geniculosporium Chesters & Greenh. 1964 (A)
An asexual morph of Nemania serpens, type species of
Nemania, was described as Geniculosporium serpens,
type of Geniculosporium (Chesters & Greenhalgh 1964),
thus the generic names Nemania and Geniculosporium are
synonyms. Nemania includes over 30 names while only four
names have been placed in Geniculosporium. In addition,
Nemania is well-known and has priority, thus we recommend
the use of Nemania.
Use Rosellinia De Not. 1844 (S) rather than
Dematophora R. Hartig 1883 (A)
The genus Rosellinia, typied by R. aquila, is a well-
known genus that has recently been monographed (Petrini
2013). A number of plant pathogenic species are included
in Rosellinia such as R. bunodes causing black root rot of
tropical woody plants and R. thelena causing root collar of
hardwoods. Dematophora necatrix, type of Dematophora, is
considered the asexual morph of R. necatrix, cause of white
root rot (Petrini 2013), thus Rosellinia and Dematophora
are synonyms. The only other species of Dematophora, D.
glomerata, is considered the asexual morph of R. glomerata.
Given the widespread use of Rosellinia, the recent
monographic account, its importance as a plant pathogen,
and priority, we recommend the use of Rosellinia.
Use Virgaria Nees 1816 (A) rather than
Ascovirgaria J.D. Rogers & Y.-M. Ju 2002 (S)
The monotypic genus Ascovirgaria, typied by A. occulta,
was described for the sexual morph of the type species of
Virgaria, V. nigra, by Rogers & Ju (2002), thus these generic
names are synonyms. Nonaka et al. (2013) demonstrated
that A. occulta was a synonym of V. nigra and that Virgaria
was distinct from other genera in the Xylariaceae. Although
some names have been transferred to other genera, Virgaria
still includes 10 names and is more commonly used than
Ascovirgaria. Given its priority and widespread use, Virgaria
is recommended for use over Ascovirgaria.
Use Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 1789 (S) rather than
Moelleroclavus Henn. 1902 (A), Xylocoremium
J.D. Rogers 1984 (A), Arthroxylaria Seifert &
W. Gams 2002 (A) or Geniculisynnema Okane
& Nakagiri 2007 (A)
Xylaria is a well-known genus with many species such as
Xylaria polymorpha, commonly known as dead man’s ngers,
also said to cause root rot of urban trees (Proffer 1988). The
asexual morphs of species of Xylaria have been described
in four genera. The monotype species of Moelleroclavus,
M. penicillioides, has a sexual morph described as Xylaria
moelleroclavus (Rogers et al. 1997) and Xylocoremium
abelliforme, monotype species of Xylocoremium, is the
asexual morph of Xylaria cubensis (Rogers 1984), now known
to be X. abelliformis (Ju et al. 2016). Both Arthroxylaria and
Geniculisynnema are monotypic genera proposed for asexual
morphs not yet connected to a sexual morph but clearly
within Xylaria based on rDNA sequences (Seifert et al. 2002,
Okane & Nakagiri 2007). The type species of Arthroxylaria,
A. elegans, is herein placed in Xylaria. Although Stadler et al.
(2013) connected Geniculisynnema with Nemania, a BLAST
search with the ITS sequence of G. termiticola (AB274813),
type species of Geniculisynnema, showed top matches with
Xylaria species associated with termite nests.. These four
generic names are now considered synonyms of Xylaria.
Given its widespread use, the number of species, and priority,
Xylaria is recommended for use.
New combinations:
Xylaria benjaminii Seifert & W. Gams, nom. nov.
MycoBank MB816839
Replaced name: Arthroxylaria elegans Seifert & W. Gams,
Czech Mycol. 53: 209 (2002).
Non Xylaria elegans Syd. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 5: 357 (1907).
Xylaria penicilliopsis (Henn.) Y.-M. Ju, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816837
Basionym: Moelleroclavus penicilliopsis Henn., Hedwigia 41:
15 (1902).
Synonym: Xylaria moelleroclavus J.D. Rogers et al., Mycol.
Res. 101: 345 (1997).
Réblová et al.
ARTICLE
142 ima fUNGUS
Xylaria termiticola (Okane & Nakagiri) Y.-M. Ju,
comb. nov.
MycoBank MB816838
Basionym: Geniculisynnema termiticola Okane & Nakagiri,
Mycoscience 48: 245 (2007).
Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis
Use Brachysporium Sacc. 1886 (A) rather than
Cryptadelphia Réblová & Seifert 2004 (S)
Brachysporium, typied by B. obovatum, is a widespread
and well-established asexual genus that includes 113
species and varieties. The genus Cryptadelphia, typied
by C. groenendalensis, was introduced for the sexual
morphs of six species of Brachysporium (Réblová & Seifert
2004b). The link between the sexual and asexual morphs
was experimentally proven only for B. nigrum, which is the
asexual morph of C. groenendalensis. The axenic cultures of
B. obovatum and B. polyseptatum derived from ascospores
yielded only sterile mycelium. Recently, C. fusiformis was
described with its asexual morph regarded as B. fusiformis
(Markovskaja & Treigiené 2007). Based on molecular
sequence data, B. nigrum and B. polyseptatum form a
strongly supported monophyletic clade (Réblová & Seifert
2004b). If B. obovatum is congeneric with B. nigrum, then
the generic names Brachysporium and Cryptadelphia should
be treated as synonyms. Based on priority and the greater
number of species, Brachysporium is recommended for use.
Use Nigrospora Zimm. 1902 (A) rather than
Khuskia H.J. Huds. 1963 (S)
The monotype species of Khuskia, K. oryzae, was described
as the sexual morph of Nigrospora oryzae, a well-known
species of Nigrospora, by Hudson (1963). He also considered
N. oryzae and N. panici, the type species of Nigrospora, to
be congeneric, thus Nigrospora and Khuskia are synonyms.
Nigrospora oryzae is reported from a variety of hosts including
marine sponges (Ding et al. 2011) and as endophytes of
plants (Peršoh et al. 2010) as well as causing plant diseases
(Moshre-Zarandi et al. 2014). Given that Nigrospora has
priority, includes fteen names, and is more widely known
than Khuskia, the use of Nigrospora is recommended.
Table 1. Names of pleomorphic genera in Sordariomycetes excluding Diaporthales, Hypocreales and Magnaporthales indicating those that
are proposed for protection (including those which are asexually typied and recommended for use over sexually typied genera). For each
genus the citation, type species and accepted name is given. NCF = Nomenclature Committee for Fungi.
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Arthrinium Kunze, in Kunze & Schmidt,
Mykol. Hefte 1: 9. 1817.
Apiospora Sacc. in Atti Soc. Veneto-Trent. Sci. Nat.,
Padova, sér. 4 4: 85. 1875.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: A. caricicola Kunze & J.C. Schmidt
1817.
Typus: A. montagnei Sacc. 1875, now regarded
as Arthrinium arundinis (Corda) Dyko & B. Sutton
1979.
Pteroconium Sacc. ex Grove in Hedwigia 55: 146.
1914.
Typus: P. asteroides Grove 1914, now regarded as
Arthrinium pterospermum (Cooke & Massee) Arx
1981.
Scyphospora L.A. Kantsch. in Bolêzni Rast. 17: 87
(1928).
Typus: S. phyllostachydis L.A. Kantsch. 1928, now
regarded as Arthrinium hysterinum (Sacc.) P.M.
Kirk 1986.
Brachysporium Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 423.
1886.
Cryptadelphia Réblová & Seifert in Mycologia 96:
348. 2004.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: B. obovatum (Berk.) Sacc. 1886,
basionym: Helminthosporium obovatum
Berk. 1841.
Typus: C. groenendalensis (Sacc. et al.) Réblová &
Seifert 2004, basionym: Zignoëlla groenendalensis
Sacc. et al. 1884, now regarded as Brachysporium
nigrum (Link) S. Hughes 1958.
Calosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul., Select. fung.
carpol. 2: 108. 1863.
Calosphaeriophora Réblová et al. in Stud. Mycol.
50: 542. 2004.
None.
Typus: C. princeps Tul. & C. Tul. 1863. Typus: C. pulchella Réblová et al. 2004, now
regarded as Calosphaeria pulchella (Pers.) J.
Schröt. 1897.
Canalisporium Nawawi & Kuthub. in
Mycotaxon 34: 477. 1989.
Ascothailandia Sri-indr. et al. in Mycoscience 51:
414. 2010.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: C. caribense (Hol.-Jech. & Mercado)
Nawawi & Kuthub. 1989, basionym:
Berkleasmium caribense Hol.-Jech. &
Mercado 1984.
Typus: A. grenadoidea Sri-indr. et al. 2010, now
regarded as Canalisporium grenadoideum Sri-indr.
et al. 2010.
Generic name in Sordariomycetes
ARTICLE
143
volume 7 · no. 1
Table 1. (Continued).
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Chaetomium Kunze, in Kunze & Schmidt,
Mykol. Hefte 1: 15. 1817.
Botryotrichum Sacc. & Marchal in Bull. Soc. Roy.
Bot. Belgique 24: 66. 1885.
None.
Typus: C. globosum Kunze 1817. Typus: B. piluliferum Sacc. & Marchal 1885, now
regarded as Chaetomium piluliferum J. Daniels
1961. Although the synonym Sepedonium
albogriseum Balf.-Browne 1952 provides an
older name, C. piluliferum will be proposed for
conservation.
Trichocladium Harz in Bull. Soc. Imp. nat. Moscou
44: 125. 1871.
Typus: T. asperum Harz 1871.
Humicola Traaen in Nytt Mag. Natur. 52: 31. 1914.
Typus: H. fuscoatra Traaen 1914.
Chaetosphaerella E. Müll. & C. Booth in
Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 58: 76. 1972.
Oedemium Link, Sp. Pl., edn 4 6(1): 42. 1824. Protection needed by NCF for Chaeto-
sphaerella 1972 over Oedemium 1824.
Typus: C. phaeostroma (Durieu & Mont.) E.
Müll. & C. Booth 1972, basionym: Sphaeria
phaeostroma Durieu & Mont. 1846
Typus: O. atrum Link 1824, now regarded as
Chaetosphaerella fusca (Fuckel) E. Müll. & C.
Booth 1972.
Veramycina Subram. in Kavaka 20/21: 58. 1995.
Typus: V. elegans Subram. 1995, now regarded as
Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma (Durieu & Mont.) E.
Müll. & C. Booth 1972.
Chloridium Link in Mag. Gesell. Naturf.
Freunde, Berlin 3: 13. 1809.
Gonytrichum Nees & T. Nees in Nova Acta Phys.-
Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 9: 244.
1818.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: C. viride Link 1805, now regarded
as Chloridium virescens (Pers.) W. Gams
& Hol.-Jech. 1976, basionym Dematium
virescens Pers. 1794.
Typus: G. caesium Nees 1818, now regarded as
Chloridium caesium (Nees) Réblová & Seifert 2016
Melanopsammella Höhn. in Ann. Mycol. 17: 121.
1920.
Typus: M. inaequalis (Grove) Höhn. 1920, basionym:
Eriosphaeria inaequalis Grove, in Berlese & Voglino
1886, now regarded as Chloridium caesium (Nees)
Réblová & Seifert 2016.
Colletotrichum Corda, Deutschl. Fl., 3(12):
41. 1837.
Glomerella Spauld. & H. Schrenk in Science 17:
751. 1903.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: C. lineola Corda 1832. Typus: G. cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H.
Schrenk 1903, now regarded as Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. 1884.
Collodiscula I. Hino & Katum. in Bull. Fac.
Agric. Yamaguchi Univ. 6: 55. 1955.
Acanthodochium Samuels et al. in Mycotaxon 28:
457. 1987.
None.
Typus: C. japonica I. Hino & Katum. 1955. Typus: A. collodisculae Samuels et al. 1987, now
regarded as Collodiscula japonica I. Hino & Katum.
1955.
Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke in Grevillea
16: 16. 1887, basionym: Rosellinia subgen.
Coniochaeta Sacc., Syll. Fung. 1: 269. 1882.
Lecythophora Nannf. in Svensk Skogsvårdsförening
Tidskr. 3–4: 435. 1934.
None.
Typus: C. ligniaria (Grev.) Cooke 1887,
basionym: Sphaeria ligniaria Grev. 1824.
Typus: L. lignicola Nannf. 1934, now regarded as
Coniochaeta lignicola (Nannf.) Z.U. Khan et al.
2013.
Conioscypha Höhn. in Ann. Mycol. 2: 58.
1904.
Conioscyphascus Réblová & Seifert in Stud. Mycol.
50: 100. 2004.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: C. lignicola Höhn. 1904. Typus: C. varius Réblová & Seifert 2004, now
regarded as Conioscypha varia Shearer 1973.
Réblová et al.
ARTICLE
144 ima fUNGUS
Table 1. (Continued).
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Cordana Preuss in Linnaea 24: 129. 1851. Porosphaerella E. Müll. & Samuels in Sydowia 35:
151. 1982.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: C. pauciseptata Preuss 1851. Typus: P. cordanophora E. Müll. & Samuels 1982,
now regarded as Cordana pauciseptata Preuss
1851.
Pseudobotrytis Krzemien. & Badura in Acta Soc.
Bot. Pol. 23: 761. 1954.
Typus: P. fusca Krzemien. & Badura 1954, now
regarded as Cordana terrestris (Timonin) Hern.-
Rest. et al. 2014.
Corollospora Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 248. 1922.
Varicosporina Meyers & Kohlm. in Canad. J. Bot.
43: 916. 1965.
None.
Typus: Corollospora maritima Werderm.
1922.
Typus: V. ramulosa Meyers & Kohlm. 1965, now
regarded as Corollospora ramulosa (Meyers &
Kohlm.) Abdel-Wahab 2016.
Halosigmoidea Nakagiri et al. in Bot. Mar. 52: 355.
2009.
Typus: H. luteola (Nakagiri & Tubaki) Nakagiri et
al. 2009, basionym: Sigmoidea luteola Nakagiri &
Tubaki 1982, now regarded as Corollospora luteola
Nakagiri & Tubaki 1982.
Cylindrotrichum Bonord., Handb. Allgem.
mykol.: 88 (1851).
Reticulascus Réblová & W. Gams in Stud. Mycol.
68: 180. 2011.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: C. oligospermum (Corda) Bonord.
1851, basionym: Menispora oligosperma
Corda 1838.
Typus: R. tulasneorum (Réblová & W.
Gams) Réblová & W. Gams 2010, basionym:
Chaetosphaeria tulasneorum Réblová & W.
Gams 1999, now regarded as Cylindrotrichum
oligospermum (Corda) Bonord. 1851.
Daldinia Ces. & De Not. in Comment. Soc.
Crittog. Ital. 1(4): 197. 1863.
Annellosporium M.L. Davey in Karstenia 50: 3.
2010.
None.
Typus: D. concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De
Not. 1863, basionym: Sphaeria concentrica
Bolton 1792.
Typus: A. nemorosum M.L. Davey 2010, now
Daldinia nemorosa (M.L. Davey) M. Stadler et al.
2014.
Versiomyces Whalley & Watling in Notes R. bot.
Gdn Edinb. 45: 401. 1989.
Typus: V. cahuchucosus Whalley & Watling 1989,
now regarded as Daldinia cahuchucosus (Whalley
& Watling) M. Stadler & Læssøe 2014.
Diachora Jul. Müll. in Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 25:
623. 1893.
Diachorella Höhn. in Hedwigia 60: 192. 1918. None.
Typus: D. onobrychidis (DC.) Jul. Müll. 1893,
basionym: Xyloma onobrychidis DC. 1815.
Typus: D. onobrychidis (DC.) Höhn. 1918, basionym:
Xyloma onobrychidis DC. 1815, now regarded as
Diachora onobrychidis (DC) Jul. Müll. 1893.
Diatrype Fr., Summa veg. Scand. 2: 384.
1849.
Libertella Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) sér. 1 19:
275. 1830.
Protection needed by NCF for Diatrype
1849 over Libertella 1830.
Typus: D. disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr. 1849,
basionym: Sphaeria disciformis Hoffm. 1787.
Typus: L. betulina Desm. 1830, now regarded as
Diatrype stigma (Hoffm.) Fr. 1849.
Dyrithiopsis L. Cai et al. in Mycologia 95:
912. 2003.
Monochaetiopsis L. Cai et al. in Mycologia 95: 913.
2003.
None.
Typus: D. lakefuxianensis L. Cai et al. 2003. Typus: M. lakefuxianensis L. Cai et al. 2003, now
regarded as Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis L. Cai et
al. 2003.
Generic name in Sordariomycetes
ARTICLE
145
volume 7 · no. 1
Table 1. (Continued).
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Hyalotiopsis Punith. in Mycol. Pap. 119: 12.
1970.
Ellurema Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. in Sydowia 38:
178. 1986.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: H. subramanianii (Agnihothr. &
Luke) Punith. 1970, basionym: Hyalotiella
subramanianii Agnihothr. & Luke 1970.
Typus: E. indica (Punith.) Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr.
1986, basionym: Massaria indica Punith. 1970, now
regarded as Hyalotiopsis subramanianii (Agnihothr.
& Luke) Punith. 1970.
Hypocreodendron Henn. in Hedwigia 36:
223. 1897.
Discoxylaria J.C. Lindq. & J.E. Wright in Darwiniana
13: 139. 1964.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: H. sanguineum Henn. 1897. Typus: Discoxylaria myrmecophila J.C. Lindq. & J.E.
Wright 1964, now regarded as Hypocreodendron
sanguineum Henn. 1897.
Hypoxylon Bull., Hist. Champ. Fr. 1: 168.
1791.
Nodulisporium Preuss in Klotzschii Herb. Viv.
Mycol.: no. 1272. 1849.
None.
Typus: H. coccineum Bull. 1791, now
regarded as Hypoxylon fragiforme (Pers.) J.
Kickx f. 1835, basionym Sphaeria fragiformis
Pers. 1794.
Typus: N. ochraceum Preuss 1849, now regarded
as Hypoxylon fragiforme (Pers.) J. Kickx f. 1835.
Juncigena Kohlm. et al. in Bot. Mar. 40: 291.
1997.
Moheitospora Abdel-Wahab et al. in Mycol. Progr.
9: 551. 2010.
None.
Typus: J. adarca Kohlm. et al. 1997. Typus: M. fruticosae Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010, now
regarded as Juncigena fruticosae (Abdel-Wahab et
al.) A.N. Mill. & Shearer 2016.
Knoxdaviesia M.J. Wingf. et al. in Mycologia
80: 26. 1988.
Gondwanamyces G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingf. in
Mycologia 90: 139. 1998.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: K. proteae M.J. Wingf. et al. 1988. Typus: G. proteae (M.J. Wingf. et al.) G.J. Marais
& M.J. Wingf. 1998, basionym: Ceratocystiopsis
proteae M.J. Wingf. et al. 1988, now regarded as
Knoxdaviesia proteae M.J. Wingf. et al. 1988.
Lasiosphaeris Clem., Gen. Fungi: 173.
1909.
Lasiadelphia Réblová & W. Gams in Fungal Divers.
46: 82. 2011.
None.
Typus: L. hispida (Tode) Clem. 1909. Typus: L. lasiosphaeriae (W. Gams) Réblová &
W. Gams 2011, now regarded as Lasiosphaeris
hispida (Tode) Clem. 1909.
Mammaria Ces. ex Rabenh. in Bot. Zeit. 12:
190. 1854.
Pseudocercophora Subram. & Sekar in J.
Singapore Natl. Acad. Sci. 15: 58. 1986.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: M. echinobotryoides Ces. 1854. Typus: P. ingoldii Subram. & Sekar 1986, now
regarded as Mammaria echinobotryoides Ces.
1854.
Melanospora Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 24.
1837.
Gonatobotrys Corda, Pracht-Fl. Eur. Schimmelbild.:
9. 1839.
None.
Typus: M. zamiae Corda 1837. Typus: G. simplex Corda 1839, now regarded as
Melanospora simplex (Corda) D. Hawks. 2016.
Menispora Pers., Mycol. Eur. 1: 32. 1822. Zignoëlla Sacc. in Michelia 1: 346. 1878. Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: M. glauca (Link) Pers. 1822,
basionym: Camptosporium glaucum Link in
Ehrenberg 1827.
Typus: Z. pulviscula (Curr.) Sacc. 1878, now
regarded as Menispora caesia Preuss 1851.
Menisporopsis S. Hughes in Mycol. Pap.
48: 59. 1952.
Menisporopascus Matsush. in Matsush. Mycol.
Mem. 10: 141. 2003.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: M. theobromae S. Hughes 1952. Typus: M. kobensis Matsush. 2003, now regarded
as Menisporopsis kobensis Matsush. 2003.
Microdochium Syd. & P. Syd. in Ann. Mycol.
22(3/6): 267. Published on 15 Nov 1924.
Monographella Petr. in Ann. Mycol. 22 (1/2): 144.
Published 20 Jun 1924.
Protection needed by NCF for
Microdochium (Jun 1924) over
Monographella (Nov 1924).
Typus: M. phragmitis Syd. & P. Syd. 1924. Typus: M. divergens (Rehm) Petr. 1924, basionym:
Sphaerulina divergens Rehm 1913, now regarded
as Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett
1983.
Réblová et al.
ARTICLE
146 ima fUNGUS
Table 1. (Continued).
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Monilochaetes Halst. ex Harter in J. Agric.
Res. 5: 791. 1916.
Australiasca Sivan. & Alcorn in Aust. Syst. Bot. 15:
741. 2002.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: M. infuscans Harter 1916. Typus: A. queenslandica Sivan. & Alcorn 2002, now
regarded as Monilochaetes camelliae (Alcorn &
Sivan.) Réblová et al. 2011.
Nemania Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1: 516.
1821.
Geniculosporium Chesters & Greenh. in Trans. Brit.
Mycol. Soc. 47: 400. 1964.
None.
Type: N. serpens (Pers.) Gray 1821. Type: G. serpens Chesters & Greenh. 1964, now
regarded as Nemania serpens (Pers.) Gray 1821.
Neurospora Shear & B.O. Dodge in J. Agric.
Res. 34: 1025. 1927.
Chrysonilia Arx in Sydowia 34: 16. 1981. None.
Typus: N. sitophila Shear & B.O. Dodge
1927.
Typus: Chrysonilia sitophila (Mont.) Arx 1981,
basionym: Penicillium sitophilum Mont. 1843, now
regarded as Neurospora sitophila Shear & B.O.
Dodge 1927.
Nigrospora Zimm. in Centralbl. Bakteriol.
Parasitenk., 1. Abt. 8: 220. 1902.
Khuskia H.J. Huds. in Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46:
358. 1963.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: N. panici Zimm. 1902. Typus: K.oryzae H.J. Huds. 1963, now regarded as
Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch 1924.
Ophiodothella (Henn.) Höhn. in Sitzungsber.
Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl.,
Abt. 1 119: 940. 1910, basionym: Ophiodothis
subgen. Ophiodothella Henn. 1904.
Acerviclypeatus Hanlin in Mycotaxon 37: 380. 1990. None.
Typus: O. atromaculans (Henn.) Höhn. 1910,
basionym: Ophiodothis atromaculans Henn.
1904.
Typus: A. poriformans Hanlin 1990, now regarded
as Ophiodothella angustissima (Peck) Hanlin &
M.C. González 2013.
Pestalotiopsis Steyaert in Bull. Jard. Bot.
État. Bruxelles 19: 300. 1949.
Pestalosphaeria M.E. Barr in Mycologia 67: 188.
1975.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: P. guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert 1949,
basionym: Pestalotia guepinii Desm. 1840.
Typus: P. concentrica M.E. Barr 1975, now regarded
as Pestalotiopsis guepinii var. macrotricha (Kleb.)
B. Sutton 1961.
Phaeoacremonium W. Gams et al. in
Mycologia 88: 789. 1996.
Romellia Berl., Icon. Fung. 3: 5. 1900. Protection needed by NCF for
Phaeoacremonium 1996 over Romellia
1900 and Togninia 1900.
Typus: P. parasiticum (Ajello et al.) W. Gams,
et al. 1996.
Typus: R. vibratilis (Fr.) Berl. 1900, basionym:
Sphaeria vibratilis Fr. 1823, now Phaeoacremonium
vibratilis (Fr.) Gramaje et al. 2015.
Togninia Berl., Icon. Fung. 3: 9. 1900.
Typus: T. minima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Berl. 1900, now
regarded as Phaeoacremonium minimum (Tul. & C.
Tul.) D. Gramaje, et al. 2015.
Plectosphaerella Kleb. in Phytopathol. Z. 1:
43. 1929.
Plectosporium M.E. Palm et al. in Mycologia 87:
398. 1995.
None.
Typus: P. cucumeris Kleb. 1929. Typus: P. tabacinum (J.F.H. Beyma) M.E. Palm
et al. 1995, now regarded as Plectosphaerella
cucumeris Kleb. 1929.
Pleurostoma Tul. & C. Tul., Select. fung.
Carpol. 2: 247. 1863.
Pleurostomophora Vijaykr. et al. in Stud. Mycol. 50:
390. 2004.
None.
Typus: P. candollei Tul. & C. Tul. 1863. Typus: P. ootheca Vijaykr. et al. 2004, now regarded
as Pleurostoma ootheca (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.E.
Barr 1985.
Pleurothecium Höhn. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot.
Ges. 37: 154. 1919.
Carpoligna F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf in Mycologia
91: 253. 1999.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: P. recurvatum (Morgan) Höhn. 1924,
basionym: Acrothecium recurvatum Morgan
1895.
Typus: C. pleurothecii F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf
1999, now regarded as Pleurothecium recurvatum
(Morgan) Höhn. 1924.
Generic name in Sordariomycetes
ARTICLE
147
volume 7 · no. 1
Table 1. (Continued).
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Polystigma DC., in de Candolle & Lamarck,
Fl. Franç., edn 3 6: 164. 1815.
Polystigmina Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 622. 1884. None.
Typus: P. rubrum (Pers.) DC. 1815,
basionym: Xyloma rubrum Pers. 1800.
Typus: P. rubra (Pers.) Sacc. 1884, basionym:
Xyloma rubrum Pers. 1800, now regarded as
Polystigma rubrum (Pers.) DC. 1815.
Rhodoseptoria Naumov in Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 29:
278. 1913.
Typus: R. ussuriensis Naumov 1913, now regarded
as Polystigma rubrum (Pers.) DC. 1815..
Pseudothiella Petr. in Hedwigia 68: 257.
1928.
Pseudothiopsella Petr. in Hedwigia 68: 259. 1928. None.
Typus: P. hirtellae (Henn.) Petr. 1928. Typus: P. hirtellae Petr. 1928, now regarded as
Pseudothiella hirtellae (Henn.) Petr. 1928.
Rosellinia De Not. in Giorn. Bot. ital. 1: 334.
1844.
Dematophora R. Hartig in Untersuch. Forstbot. Inst.
München 3: 95. 1883.
None.
Typus: R. aquila (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 1844. Typus: D. necatrix R. Hartig 1883, now regarded as
Rosellinia necatrix Berl. ex Prill. 1904
Seimatosporium Corda, in Sturm, Deutschl.
Fl., 3 Abt. 3(13): 79. 1833.
Discostroma Clem., Gen. Fung.: 50. 1909. Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: S. rosae Corda 1833. Typus: Discostroma rehmii (Schnabl) Clem.
1909, basionym: Curreya rehmii Schnabl 1892,
a synonym of D. massarina (Sacc.) Arx 1974,
basionym: Metasphaeria massarina Sacc. 1884,
now regarded as Seimatosporium massarina
(Sacc.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2016.
Seiridium Nees, Syst. Pilze: 22. 1816. Blogiascospora Shoemaker et al. in Canad. J. Bot.
44: 248. 1966.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: S. marginatum Nees 1816. Typus: B. marginata (Fuckel) Shoemaker et al.
1966, basionym: Massaria marginata Fuckel 1873,
now regarded as Seiridium marginatum Nees 1816.
Sphaeronaemella P. Karst. in Hedwigia 23:
17. 1884.
Gabarnaudia Samson & W. Gams in Stud. Mycol.
6: 88. 1974.
None.
Typus: S. helvellae (P. Karst.) P. Karst. 1884,
basionym: Sphaeria helvellae P. Karst. 1867.
Typus: G. betae (Delacr.) Samson & W. Gams, in
Samson 1974, basionym: Oospora betae Delacr.
1897, now regarded as Sphaeronaemella betae
(Delacr.) Z.W. De Beer & M.J. Wingf. 2013.
Sporoschisma Berk. & Broome, in Berkeley,
Gard. Chron. 1847: 540. 1847.
Melanochaeta E. Müll. et al. in Revue Mycol. 33:
377. 1969.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: S. mirabile Berk. & Broome 1847. Typus: M. hemipsila (Berk. & Broome) E. Müll.,
et al. 1969, basionym: Sphaeria hemipsila Berk.
& Broome 1873, now regarded as Sporoschisma
hemipsila (Berk. & Broome) Zelski et al. 2014.
Sporoschismopsis Hol.-Jech. & Hennebert
in Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belgique. Bruxelles
42: 385. 1972.
Porosphaerellopsis Samuels & E. Müll. in Sydowia
35: 143. 1982.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: S. moravica Hol.-Jech. & Hennebert
1972.
Typus: P. sporoschismophora (Samuels & E. Müll.)
E. Müll. & Samuels 1982, basionym: Porosphaeria
sporoschismophora Samuels & E. Müll. 1978, now
regarded as Sporoschismopsis sporoschismophora
(Samuels & E. Müll.) Réblová 2014.
Stanjehughesia Subram. in Proc. Indian
Acad. Sci., B, Biol. Sci. 58(4): 184. 1992.
Umbrinosphaeria Réblová in Mycotaxon 71: 17.
1999.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Type: S. hormiscioides (Corda) Subram.
1992, basionym: Sporidesmium
hormiscioides Corda 1838.
Type: U. caesariata (Clinton & Peck) Réblová 1999,
basionym: Sphaeria caesariata Clinton & Peck,
in Peck 1878, now regarded as Stanjehughesia
hormiscioides (Corda) Subram. 1992.
Réblová et al.
ARTICLE
148 ima fUNGUS
Table 1. (Continued).
Generic name recommended for use,
citation and type species
Suppressed generic name(s), citation, type
species and currently accepted name
Action Required
Stromatographium Höhn. in Denkschr.
Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.
83: 37. 1907.
Fluviostroma Samuels & E. Müll. in Sydowia 33:
283. 1980.
None.
Typus: S. stromaticum (Berk.) Höhn. 1907,
basionym: Stilbum stromaticum Berk. 1843.
Typus: F. wrightii Samuels & E. Müll. 1980, now
regarded as Stromatographium stromaticum
(Berk.) Höhn. 1907.
Togniniella Réblová et al. in Stud. Mycol.
50: 543. 2004.
Phaeocrella Réblová et al. in Stud. Mycol. 50: 545.
2004.
None.
Typus: T. acerosa Réblová et al. 2004. Typus: P. acerosa Réblová et al. 2004, now
regarded as Togniniella acerosa Réblová et al.
2004.
Torpedospora Meyers in Mycologia 49: 496.
1957.
Glomerulispora Abdel-Wahab & Nagah. in Mycol.
Progr. 9: 552. 2010.
None.
Typus: T. radiata Meyers 1957. Typus: G. mangrovei Abdel-Wahab & Nagah. 2010,
now regarded as Torpedospora mangrovei (Abdel-
Wahab & Nagah.) E.B.G. Jones & Abdel-Wahab
2016.
Virgaria Nees, Syst. Pilze: 54. 1816. Ascovirgaria J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju in Canad. J.
Bot. 80: 478. 2002.
Asexual type. Protection needed by
NCF.
Typus: V. nigra (Link) Nees 1817, basionym:
Botrytis nigra Link 1809.
Typus: A. occulta J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju 2002, now
regarded as Virgaria nigra (Link) Nees 1817.
Xylaria Hill ex Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 200.
1789.
Moelleroclavus Henn. in Hedwigia 41: 15. 1902. None.
Typus: X. hypoxylon (L.) Grev. 1824,
basionym: Clavaria hypoxylon L. 1753.
Typus: M. penicilliopsis Henn. 1902, now regarded
as Xylaria penicilliopsis (Henn.) Y.M. Ju 2016.
Xylocoremium J.D. Rogers in Mycologia 76: 913.
1984.
Typus: X. abelliforme (Schwein.) J.D. Rogers
1984, basionym: Sphaeria abelliformis Schwein.,
in Fries 1828, now regarded as Xylaria abelliformis
(Schwein.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868.
Geniculisynnema Okane & Nakagiri in Mycoscience
48: 245. 2007.
Typus: G. termiticola Okane & Nakagiri 2007, now
regared as Xylaria termiticola (Okane & Nakagiri)
Y.-M. Ju 2016.
Arthroxylaria Seifert & W. Gams in Czech Mycol.
53: 299. 2002.
Typus: A. elegans Seifert & W. Gams 2002, now
regarded as Xylaria benjaminii Seifert & W. Gams
2016.
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