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2016
March 2016
Report to
Lake Macquarie City Council
Stephen A.J. Bell
Eastcoast Flora Survey
PO Box 216
Kotara Fair NSW 2289
Volume 2: Vegetation Community Profiles,
Lake Macquarie Local Government Area
Working Draft v2
Report produced by:
Dr Stephen A.J. Bell
Eastcoast Flora Survey
PO Box 216 Kotara Fair NSW 2289 Australia
Telephone (02) 4953 6523
Email: sajbell@bigpond.com
ABN 38 325 015 471
This document should be cited as:
Bell, S.A.J. (2016) Volume 2: Vegetation Community Profiles, Lake Macquarie Local Government Area. Working Draft
v2. Unpublished Report to Lake Macquarie City Council. March 2016. Eastcoast Flora Survey.
Disclamer:
While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, Lake
Macquarie City Council does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not
be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on the
contents of this publication.
Cover image: Views of Apple – Palm Gully Forest (top), Beach Spinifex (bottom), & flowering Angophora inopina
(greyscale).
Report produced for:
Lake Macquarie City Council
Box 1906
Hunter Region Mail Centre NSW 2310
Project Manager: Robbie Economos (Environmental Planner)
i
Contents
Background ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
Mapping ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
The Profiles ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
References ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Rainforests ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Coastal Wet Gully Forest Unit 1 ................................................................................................................. 7
Coastal Warm Temperate – Subtropical Rainforest Unit 1a ...................................................................... 9
Permian Gully Rainforest Unit 1g ............................................................................................................. 11
Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest Unit 3e .................................................................................................... 14
Littoral Rainforest Unit 4 ........................................................................................................................... 16
Moist Forests (Alluvial Soils) ........................................................................................................................... 18
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest Unit 5 ................................................................................................................ 19
Alluvial Bluegum - Paperbark Forest Unit 5a ............................................................................................ 22
Alluvial Bluegum – Apple Moist Forest Unit 5b ......................................................................................... 24
Alluvial Bluegum – Spotted Gum Moist Forest Unit 5e ............................................................................ 26
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest Unit 5h ................................................................................................ 29
Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest Unit 11a ................................................................................... 32
Awaba Peppermint – Black Wattle Riparian Forest Unit 11c ................................................................... 35
Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest Unit 123 .............................................................................................. 37
Moist Forests (Colluvial Soils) ......................................................................................................................... 39
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest Unit 6a .................................................................................. 40
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest Unit 9a ...................................................................................... 43
Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest Unit 9e................................................................................... 45
Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark – Mahogany Forest Unit 9i ............................................................... 47
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt-Tallowwood Forest Unit 9l ................................................................... 49
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest Unit 11 ............................................................................. 51
Hunter Valley Moist Forest Unit 12 ........................................................................................................... 54
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest Unit 12a ................................................................ 57
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum – Turpentine Forest Unit 12b ............................................................. 59
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest Unit 12c .................................................................. 61
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Fergusons Forest Unit 12d .............................................................. 63
Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest Unit 25a ....................................................................................... 66
Dry Forests (Coastal Ranges) ......................................................................................................................... 69
Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest Unit 9b .......................................................................................... 70
Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest Unit 9d ................................................................. 72
Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint - Blackbutt Forest Unit 9f ..................................................................... 74
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest Unit 9h .................................................................... 76
Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest Unit 21a ............................................................................ 79
ii
Hunter Range Dry Ironbark – Grey Gum Forest Unit 21d ........................................................................ 81
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Grey Gum Forest Unit 21e .................................................................... 83
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Apple Forest Unit 21f ............................................................................. 85
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest Unit 21g ...................................................................... 87
Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest Unit 26h ................................................................................... 90
Dry Forests (Coastal Sand) ............................................................................................................................. 92
Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest Unit 33 ........................................................................................ 93
Pelican Bangalay Forest Unit 33c ............................................................................................................ 95
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest Unit 33d ................................................................................. 97
Sand Mantled Banksia Forest Unit 33m ................................................................................................. 100
Dry Forests (Spotted Gum-Ironbark) ............................................................................................................. 102
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest Unit 15 ...................................................................... 103
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Kurri) Unit 15d ......................................................... 106
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest Unit 15h ...................................................................................... 108
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest Unit 15i ............................................................................................... 111
Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest Unit 15k ............................................................ 114
Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest Unit 15l ........................................................... 116
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest Unit 15m ................................................. 118
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Fergusons Ironbark - Mahogany Forest Unit 15n ............................................... 120
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest Unit 15o ....................................................... 122
Hinterland Spotted Gum – Red Ironbark Forest Unit 17o ...................................................................... 125
Red Ironbark – Paperbark Forest Unit 110a ........................................................................................... 128
Dry Forests (Smooth-barked Apple) ............................................................................................................. 131
Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest Unit 22 ............................................................................................... 132
Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood – Apple - Mahogany Forest Unit 22e ............................................. 134
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland Unit 30 ....................................................................... 136
Buttonderry Footslopes Forest Unit 30a ................................................................................................. 139
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest Unit 30b ......................................................................... 141
Coastal Plains Stringybark – Apple Forest Unit 30e .............................................................................. 144
Freemans Peppermint – Apple - Bloodwood Forest Unit 30f ................................................................. 147
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest Unit 30h ....................................................................... 150
West Wallsend Stringybark Forest Unit 30i ............................................................................................ 153
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood – Apple – Scribbly Gum Forest Unit 30j .............................................. 155
Coastal Headland Low Forest Unit 51c .................................................................................................. 158
Dry Forests (Scribbly Gum, colluvial soils) .................................................................................................... 160
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland Unit 31 .................................................................................... 161
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest Unit 31j ...................................................................................... 165
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest Unit 111a .................................................................................... 168
Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest Unit 111c ............................................................................................ 172
Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest Unit 119 ................................................................................................... 174
Dry Forests (Scribbly Gum, sand deposits) .................................................................................................. 176
Narrabeen Dune Forest Unit 31k ............................................................................................................ 177
iii
Cockle Creek Dune Forest Unit 122 ....................................................................................................... 179
Swamp Forests (Alluvial Soils) ...................................................................................................................... 181
Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest Unit 37 ...................................................................................... 182
Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest Unit 37a .............................................................................................. 185
Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest Unit 37b ....................................................................................... 187
Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest Unit 37d ................................................................................ 189
Swamp Mahogany – Tallowwood Swamp Forest Unit 37g .................................................................... 191
Floodplain Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest Unit 38a .................................................................. 193
Apple - Palm Gully Forest Unit 39 .......................................................................................................... 195
Red Mahogany – Apple – Paperbark Forest Unit 42 .............................................................................. 197
Wyee Turpentine – Red Mahogany – Apple Riparian Forest Unit 42c................................................... 200
Swamp Forests (Coastal Sands)................................................................................................................... 202
Coastal Sand Swamp Forest Unit 37e ................................................................................................... 203
Swamp Mahogany – Livistona Swamp Forest Unit 37f .......................................................................... 205
Dune Swale Swamp Forest Unit 37j ....................................................................................................... 207
Swamp Forests (Lake Foreshore) ................................................................................................................. 209
Foreshore Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest Unit 38 .................................................................... 210
Foreshore Redgum – Ironbark Forest Unit 38c ...................................................................................... 212
Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest Unit 40 ................................................................................................. 214
Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest Unit 40d ....................................................................... 216
Swamp Forests (Scrub-Forests) ................................................................................................................... 218
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest Unit 43a ........................................................................................... 219
White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest Unit 43e .......................................................................... 222
Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest Unit 43f ............................................................................... 225
Scrubs & Thickets (Alluvial Soils) .................................................................................................................. 227
Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket Unit 42a ...................................................................................... 228
Swamp Paperbark Thicket Unit 100a ..................................................................................................... 230
Paperbark Depression Forest Unit 108b ................................................................................................ 232
Paperbark – Carex Backswamp Forest Unit 113 ................................................................................... 234
Mesic Paperbark Thicket Unit 114 .......................................................................................................... 236
Scrubs & Thickets (Colluvial Soils) ............................................................................................................... 238
Sugarloaf Uplands Paperbark Thicket Unit 15p ..................................................................................... 239
Paperbark Clay Heath Unit 43c .............................................................................................................. 241
Depression Paperbark Thicket Unit 110b ............................................................................................... 243
Scrubs & Thickets (Coastal Sands) .............................................................................................................. 246
Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub Unit 36c ..................................................................................................... 247
Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub Unit 50a ................................................................................................. 249
Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub Unit 50b ................................................................................................... 251
Scrubs & Thickets (Estuarine) ....................................................................................................................... 253
Mangrove – Estuarine Complex Unit 47 ................................................................................................. 254
Scrubs & Thickets (Coastal Headland) ......................................................................................................... 256
Coastal Headland Shrubland Unit 51b ................................................................................................... 257
iv
Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub Unit 51d ......................................................................................... 259
Dry Heathland (Colluvial Soils)...................................................................................................................... 261
Coastal Plains Dry Heath Unit 31h ......................................................................................................... 262
Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath Unit 31i ............................................................................................ 264
Dry Heathland (Coastal Sands)..................................................................................................................... 267
Coastal Sand Wallum Heath Unit 34a .................................................................................................... 268
Coastal Sand Mantled Clay Heath Unit 34b ........................................................................................... 270
Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath Unit 34c ................................................................................................... 272
Wet Heathlands (Colluvial Soils) ................................................................................................................... 274
Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath Unit 44a ............................................................................................. 275
Coastal Plains Wet Heath Unit 44m ....................................................................................................... 277
Wet Heathlands (Coastal Sands) .................................................................................................................. 279
Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath Unit 44g ...................................................................................... 280
Tomago Strand Plain Intermediate Heath Unit 44j ................................................................................. 282
Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland Unit 44l ....................................................................................... 284
Wet Heathlands (Upland Swamps) ............................................................................................................... 286
Hawkesbury Hanging Swamps Unit 54 .................................................................................................. 287
Munmorah Sedge Swamp Unit 54e ........................................................................................................ 289
Sedgeland & Meadow (Estuarine) ................................................................................................................ 291
Estuarine Juncus Rushland Unit 40c ...................................................................................................... 292
Saltmarsh Unit 47a ............................................................................................................................. 294
Sedgeland & Meadow (Freshwater) .............................................................................................................. 296
Phragmites Rushland Unit 40a ............................................................................................................... 297
Lepironia Swamp Unit 45 ........................................................................................................................ 299
Freshwater Wetland Complex Unit 46 .................................................................................................... 301
Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland Unit 46c ................................................................................. 302
Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland Unit 46h ............................................................................................... 304
Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland Unit 46i .................................................................................................. 306
Grasslands .................................................................................................................................................... 308
Coastal Headland Grassland Unit 51a ................................................................................................... 309
Beach Spinifex Unit 53 ........................................................................................................................... 311
Seagrass Unit 121 ................................................................................................................................. 313
Water Couch Meadow Unit 125 .............................................................................................................. 315
Anthropogenic Vegetation ............................................................................................................................. 317
Freshwater Typha Wetland Unit 46a ...................................................................................................... 318
Freshwater Baumea Sedgeland Unit 46b ............................................................................................... 320
Freshwater Philydrum Sedgeland Unit 46f ............................................................................................. 322
Mining Rehabilitation Unit R ................................................................................................................... 324
Bitou Bush Scrub Unit 50c ...................................................................................................................... 326
Appendix 1 – Sampling Effort ........................................................................................................................ 328
Community Index (by Name) ......................................................................................................................... 332
Community Index (by Unit) ............................................................................................................................ 335
1
Background
In 2008, a vegetation mapping program was commenced on behalf of Lake Macquarie City Council which
aimed to describe and map the native vegetation of the entire local government area (LGA), an area of
~65,000 ha (~40,000 ha vegetated). This program implemented a new mapping technique which relied
upon the intuitive classification of data collected from numerous Rapid Data Points (RDP). Due to funding
constraints, progress of the mapping program was completed in stages across the City, with the final stage
completed in 2014. As at December 2014, over 18,000 RDP have been used to construct the current map
draft across the LGA.
This report provides for the first time summary details and diagnostic species lists for 131 vegetation
communities incorporated in the current vegetation map draft for the LGA. It is based on a hybrid intuitive-
numerical classification (details following), and aims to provide sufficient information to assist in the field
recognition of defined communities. Many defined units currently remain poorly sampled or completely
unsampled, and descriptions in those cases are based on intuition and limited field notes. Importantly, this
document should be seen as a
working draft
, as ongoing sampling and classification work is required for
most of these poorly defined units, some of which will result in revisions to mapping and the classification
hierarchy.
Brief notes follow on the classification and mapping processes, and a summary of information contained in
the profiles.
Classification
Numerical classification of vegetation within Lake Macquarie local government area began back in 1997 with
the initial surveys of Awabakal Nature Reserve, Glenrock State Recreation Area, Pulbah Island Nature
Reserve, Tingira Heights Nature Reserve and Lake Macquarie State Recreation Area (Bell 1998a, b). These
were undertaken on behalf of the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, and at that time classification of
the reserve vegetation was attempted within a regional context. A paucity of regional systematic data,
however, meant that a thorough evaluation could only be speculation. Shortly after, the Lower Hunter and
Central Coast Regional Environmental Management Strategy (LHCCREMS) incorporated a regional
classification for this region, reported on in NPWS (2000), which in part fulfilled this role.
Using these works as a base, the classification of vegetation within Lake Macquarie LGA has been
continually refined and improved as new sample data became available. Consequently, the classification
presented in this document represents 18 years of sampling and analysis across many different projects
within Lake Macquarie and the lower Hunter region. Despite this, there are still some described communities
lacking in sample data (see Appendix 1 for sampling effort), and rationalising their positions in a
classification is difficult in a numerical process such as this. By necessity, therefore, this working
classification is a
hybrid intuitive-numerical
classification, and has been refered to as the Interim
Community Classification (ICC). Volume 1 of this work discusses this more fully.
Over the years, two software programs have been used to elucidate community patterns in the Lake
Macquarie dataset:
PATN
(Belbin 1995) and
Primer
(Clarke & Gorley 2006). The current ICC classification
has used the latter to numerically analyse the relationships between sample plots collected within intuitive
vegetation communities. As noted above, several communities remain poorly sampled, and hence their
position in the classification has been based on analysis experience and intuition.
In general terms, when less than 3 samples in a target vegetation type have been collected, their position in
dendrograms and ordinations of large datasets is highly mobile, resulting in uncertainty of significance. In
cases such as these, intuitive assessments based on field inspections have taken precendence over results
from numerical classification. While this situation is not ideal, it is considered the best compromise under
present circumstances: absorbing potentially distinct communities into broader groups simply because
insufficient replicates have been sampled is not a suitable outcome. Previous regional studies have adopted
this approach, resulting in many locally-distinct communities remaining currently undefined in regional
classification products.
2
A number of the vegetation communities defined in the present hybrid ICC classification stem back to the
original surveys from the 1990s. In some cases, no additional sampling of these communities has been
undertaken for nearly 20 years, meaning that data and site photographs are now dated. It is hoped,
however, that continued sampling of these under-represented vegetation units will clarify their positions
within the Lake Macquarie classification, and a revision produced in due course.
As the production of the these community profiles was intended to accompany the current LGA vegetation
map, only minor changes to the classification have been made as a result of recent numerical classification.
This was a deliberate ploy because current project budgeting did not allow for modifications to the LGA map
as a result of classification analysis, and any changes would render either product unusable in some areas.
Future clarification of classification units should also entail a full revision of the associated vegetation map,
to ensure consistency between map and profiles.
Mapping
As noted previously, the mapping of vegetation across the Lake Macquarie LGA began in 2008 and
progressed in six stages as funding became available (see Bell & Driscoll 2013). Stages were mapped
following extensive field investigations, and polygons attributed a draft vegetation code based on a regional
hybrid intuitive/numerical vegetation classification maintained by the author. Over this seven year period, it
was inevitable that inconsistencies in the application of community codes would occur, and hence the
current map of vegetation for the LGA should be seen as indicative only: a full revision in the light of
numerical classification results achieved to date is yet to be undertaken. For example, there remains a single
polygon of MU43 (Wyong Paperbark Swamp Forest, an old LHCCREMS unit) near Cooranbong which
requires re-assessment and updating to the new ICC classification. And there are other examples where
tentative field-applied communities have not been supported by numerical analysis.
Initial mapping for Stage 1 of this project (Wyee to Cooranbong) in 2008 also entailed the preparation of a
second vegetation map covering the entire Lake Macquarie local government area. This was based on the
LHCCREMS classification of NPWS (2000) and the updated mapping of EcoLogical (2003), but where more
recent and detailed mapping had been completed (eg: development application surveys, management
plans, mapping of conservation reserves etc), these were inserted. Over time, this initial LGA map was
updated by Council with the completion of Stages 2 to 6 mapping areas. As a consequence of this continual
insertion of new map data, slithers and remnants of the original map layers have remained (eg MU6:
Coastal Narrabeen Moist Forest), and these will require a detailed review and clean with any subsequent
update of this map. In a small number of other areas, detailed mapping has not yet been updated on the
LGA map. This has resulted in former LHCCREMS vegetation units persisting in these areas (eg MU48:
Coastal Clay Heath), which will require revision.
The mapping procedure adopted as part of this work initially involved the preparation of a floristic
stratification map based on extensive field reconnaissance across the LGA. This applied an intuitive
classification to over 18,000 Rapid Data Points to provide an indication of the geographical spread of
observed variations in floristic composition. That floristic strata layer forms an important step in the process
of developing a vegetation community map, but it is not a final mapping product in itself. As a consequence
of this approach, there are a number of floristic strata that were rarely mapped, as those combinations of
species were perhaps not encountered again. It is these rare stratum in particular that require targeted
sampling and assessment to determine their place in the classification hierarchy (see Bell 2013).
The Profiles
Community profiles of each vegetation community present within Lake Macquarie LGA have been developed
to assist end-users in the interpretation of delineated map units. These have been constructed on the best-
available data as at March 2015, and should be seen as a work in progress. To assist end-users in the
application of these profiles, communities have been grouped into sections along a common theme: for
example, all Rainforest communities are profiled together, while Dry Forest vegetation is divided into six
3
sections based on geophysical attributes (coastal ranges, coastal sands, colluvial soils, etc) and/or key
canopy components (Smooth-barked Apple, Scribbly Gum, etc). Two indexes (by community name and unit
number) at the rear of the document provide rapid access to all communities via their community names
and units.
For each vegetation community, a summary of the dominant or characteristic species is provided, together
with brief notes on distribution and affinities, and a photograph showing a typical view. Equivalent
vegetation types with commonly used regional classification units are also provided, including Keith Class
(Keith 2004), the Vegetation Classification and Assessment (VCA) of Benson (2006), the Greater Hunter
Vegetation unit (GHV) of Sivertsen et. al. (2012), and the original regional classification (LHCCREMS) of
NPWS (2000). Note that for communities that effectively remain unchanged in name and unit from original
LHCCREMS communities, new profiles and diagnostic species lists have been created using updated and
Lake Macquarie specific data.
To assist readers in distinguishing the better-defined communities from those where further sampling and
analysis is required to clarify relationships and classification positions, information on the level of confidence
in the classification as at March 2015 has also been provided. This has been delivered subjectively in the
form of a simple Low Moderate High assessment bar. Communities defined as ‘Low’ refer to those
where limited or no sample data has been collected and analysed, or where the community may in future be
subsumed into a related unit as floristic differences are relatively minor. ‘High’ confidence communites are
those where numerical analysis of replicated data or obvious floristic differences (for simple communities)
suggest strong independence within the entire Lake Macquarie dataset. Application of ‘Moderate’ applies to
those communities falling between these two extremes. Ideally, at least six samples per community would
allow a high level of confidence to be applied to community definition, and at the same time encapsulate
much of the internal floristic variation present in each community. Three samples per community allows full
statistical testing for diagnostic species. At present, only 19 of the 131 defined communities have been
sampled six or more times, 55 have been sampled on at least three occasions, and 24 remain completely
unsampled (Figure 1). See also Appendix 1 for sampling effort of individual communities.
Figure 1 Summary of sampling effort, 480 plot samples across 131 communities.
Diagnostic species for each community have been derived using the SIMPER routine in
Primer
(Clarke &
Gorley 2006). SIMPER analysis provides the relative contributions of each species to the Bray-Curtis
similarity within each of the defined vegetation communities. Only those species contributing to a total
cumulative contribution of 99% of the average similarity for each community are listed. These species can
be described of as
typical
of that community, and have a consistently large presence within the data as
reflected in the ratio of their contribution to the standard deviation (the Sim/SD field in each table) across
4
the within-group similarities (the average similarity). Community groups with less than two samples (eg:
Sandstone Hanging Swamps, MU54) cannot be analysed in this way. Instead, the full native species list from
the single plot in each community is shown, in decreasing cover abundance value per plant habit type. For
those communities that are yet be sampled, indicative species lists derived from RDP have been provided.
In the
Key Diagnostic Species
tables in each profile:
Average similarity is the within-group (community) similarity for all pairs of sample plots
comprising that community. Higher average similarity indicates a better or more
confidently defined community.
Av.Abund is the average cover abundance of that species within sample plots comprising
the community
Av.Sim is the average similarity (contribution) made by each species to the within-
group (community) similarity (the overall average similarity).
Sim/SD is the ratio of average similarity to standard deviation for each species across all
pairs of samples. A high ratio represents a good discriminating species. At least
three samples are required for this ratio to be calculated.
Contrib % is the percentage contribution of each species to the overall average similarity
for the community.
Readers need not be too concerned about the exact meanings of the above terms; these have already been
interpreted and are reflected in the lists of diagnostic species presented for each community. Within each
habit class (tree, shrub, etc), species are listed in decreasing order of importance for that community. For
example, the most important species delineating Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest (MU3e) are
Backhousia
myrtifolia
(a tree, 27.9%),
Eucalyptus acmenioides
(a tree, 5.0%),
Doodia aspera
(a ground fern, 7.6%) and
Morinda jasminioides
(a twiner, 6.5%).
References
Belbin, L. (1995)
PATN Pattern Analysis Package: Users Guide
. CSIRO Division of Wildlife Rangelands
Research: Canberra.
Bell, S.A.J. (1998a)
Glenrock SRA and Awabakal NR vegetation survey. A fire management document
.
Volumes 1 & 2. Eastcoast Flora Survey - Report to NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (Hunter
District). August 1998.
Bell, S.A.J. (1998b)
Lake Macquarie SRA, Pulbah Island NR, and Tingira Heights NR vegetation survey. A fire
management document
. Volumes 1 & 2. Eastcoast Flora Survey - Report to NSW National Parks and
Wildlife Service (Hunter and Central Coast Districts). April 1998.
Bell, S.A.J. (2013)
Defining and mapping rare vegetation communities: Improving techniques to assist land-
use planning and conservation
. PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle.
Bell, S.A.J. & Driscoll, C. (2014)
Vegetation Mapping of Lake Macquarie LGA: Stages 1 - 5
. Report to Lake
Macquarie City Council. March 2014.
Benson, J.S. (2006) New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment: Introduction – the
classification, database, assessment of protected areas and threat status of plant communities.
Cunninghamia
9(3): 331-382.
Clarke, K.R. & Gorley, R.N. (2006)
PRIMER v6: User Manual/ Tutorial
. PRIMER-E: Plymouth.
5
EcoLogical Australia Pty Ltd (2003) Lower Hunter and Central Coast Regional Environment Management
Strategy – Digital aerial photo interpretation and updating of extant vegetation map. Report to
LHCCREMS.
Keith, D.A. (2004)
Ocean Shores to Desert Dunes: The Native Vegetation of New South Wales and the ACT
.
Department of Environment and Conservation: Hurstville.
National Parks and Wildlife Service (2000)
Vegetation survey, classification and mapping: Lower Hunter and
Central Coast region
. A project undertaken for the Lower Hunter and Central Coast Regional
Environmental Management Strategy by CRA Unit, Sydney Zone, NPWS. April 2000.
Sivertsen, D., Roff, A., Somerville, M., Thonell, J., & Denholme, B. (2012)
Hunter Native Vegetation
Mapping. Geodatabase Guide (Version 4).
Internal Report for the Office of Environment and Heritage,
Department of Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, Australia.
Acknowledgements
The Lake Macquarie mapping project has been instigated and overseen by Robbie Economos from Lake
Macquarie City Council since its inception, and thanks are extended to her for support and patience since
2008. Graham Hill, Mandy McDonald and Martin Fallding, also of Council, have assisted with GIS and
interpretation issues at various times during the project. Thanks also to Colin Driscoll for considerable
assistance during all previous mapping phases of this project: the vegetation classification presented in this
document has been slowly building through shared field experiences and opinions, parts of which are only
now beginning to take shape and support with hard sample data.
6
Rainforests
7
Coastal Wet Gully Forest Unit 1
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Turpentine - Sydney Blue Gum - Lilly Pilly moist shrubby tall open forest on the
Central Coast ranges of the Sydney Basin Bioregion
GHV: White Mahogany/ Turpentine moist shrubby tall open forest (048)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Gully Forest (MU1)
General Description:
Most well protected gullies and lower slopes of the Watagan Ranges support Coastal Wet Gully Forest, which in places
merges over broad ecotones with Coastal Warm Temperate Rainforest (MU1a). Characteristic species present include
Eucalyptus saligna, Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus acmenoides and Allocasuarina torulosa in the often widely
spaced emergent layer, over a sub-canopy of rainforest species such as Cryptocarya microneura, Claoxylon australe
and Dorphora sassafras. Ground layer vegetation includes Cordyline stricta, Blechnum cartilagineum, Adiantum
hispidulum, Gahnia melanocarpa, and the vines Cissus hypoglauca, Cissus antarctica, Marsdenia rostrata and
Ripogonum fawcettianum.
Characteristic Features:
Emergent canopy of Bluegums, White Mahogany, Turpentine and Forest Oak
mid-storey of rainforest plants including vines
ground layer sparse, but including ferns and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 2356 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Lowland Rainforest EEC (?)
WLS93
8
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Coastal Wet Gully Forest (1)
Average similarity: 34.31
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Doryphora sassafras
2.00
1.45
0.58
4.22
Cryptocarya microneura
1.00
0.49
0.58
1.43
Acmena smithii
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.41
Small Tree
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
2.67
1.94
2.24
5.65
Guioa semiglauca
2.00
1.45
0.58
4.22
Ficus coronata
1.33
0.97
0.58
2.82
Claoxylon australe
0.67
0.49
0.58
1.43
Neolitsea dealbata
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.41
Streblus brunonianus
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.41
Wilkiea huegeliana
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.39
Palm
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
2.00
0.97
0.58
2.82
Livistona australis
1.00
0.48
0.58
1.41
Shrub
Cordyline stricta
2.33
2.90
68.99
8.45
Eupomatia laurina
2.00
2.90
68.99
8.45
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
1.45
68.99
4.22
Clerodendrum tomentosum
1.00
1.45
68.99
4.22
Pittosporum multiflorum
1.00
0.48
0.58
1.41
Ground Fern
Calochlaena dubia
2.00
2.90
68.99
8.45
Adiantum hispidulum
0.67
0.49
0.58
1.43
Adiantum formosum
1.00
0.48
0.58
1.41
Polystichum australiense
1.00
0.48
0.58
1.41
Grass
Oplismenus aemulus
1.00
0.48
0.58
1.41
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
1.33
1.45
68.99
4.22
Herb
Alpinia caerulea
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.41
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.41
Twiner
Cissus hypoglauca
2.00
2.90
68.99
8.45
Cissus antarctica
1.33
1.45
68.99
4.22
Morinda jasminoides
1.33
0.97
0.58
2.82
Dioscorea transversa
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.39
Sarcopetalum harveyanum
0.67
0.48
0.58
1.39
Epiphytic Fern
Pyrrosia rupestris
1.33
1.45
68.99
4.22
9
Coastal Warm Temperate – Subtropical Rainforest Unit 1a
Keith Class: Northern Warm Temperate Rainforests
VCA: Jackwood/ Lilly Pilly riparian rainforest of the Central Coast
GHV: Jackwood/ Lilly Pilly/ Sassafras riparian warm-temperate rainforest of the Central
Coast (010)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Warm Temperate - Subtropical Rainforest (MU1a)
General Description:
Closely related to Coastal Wet Gully Forest (MU1), Coastal Warm Temperate Rainforest supports a large number of
rainforest species, but generally without the emergent canopy of Bluegums (Eucalyptus saligna) and Turpentine
(Syncarpia glomulifera). Species typically present include Cryptocarya microneura, Acmena smithii, Claoxylon australe,
Neolitsea dealbata, Ficus rubiginosa, and Eupomatia laurina. Vines are prominent in this community and a sparse fern
layer including Adiantum aethiopicum, Adiantum formosum, Doodia aspera, Pellaea falcata and Blechnum species is
characteristic. Occurs in well protected gullies on alluvium and rocky slopes, along major creeks and in gully heads.
Characteristic Features:
Emergent eucalypts absent or very sparse
Canopy dominated by rainforest species, such as Lily Pily, Figs and Murrogun
ground layer of ferns
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1145 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Lowland Rainforest EEC
WLSK1
10
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Warm Temperate - Subtropical Rainforest (1a)
Average similarity: 35.76
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Acmena smithii
2.50
2.65
-
7.41
Cryptocarya microneura
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Small Tree
Ficus coronata
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Neolitsea dealbata
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Wilkiea huegeliana
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Palm
Livistona australis
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Shrub
Cordyline stricta
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Eupomatia laurina
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Hymenosporum flavum
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Ground Fern
Doodia aspera
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Polystichum australiense
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Adiantum hispidulum
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Blechnum cartilagineum
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
Twiner
Morinda jasminoides
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Ripogonum fawcettianum
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Epiphytic Fern
Arthropteris tenella
2.00
2.65
-
7.41
Asplenium australasicum
1.50
1.32
-
3.70
11
Permian Gully Rainforest Unit 1g
Keith Class: Northern Warm Temperate Rainforests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Lily Pilly/ Grey Myrtle/ Rasp Fern warm temperate rainforest on ranges of the
Central and lower North Coast (008)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Gully Forest (MU1)
General Description:
Permian Gully Rainforest represents gully rainforest occurring on the coastal plains on Permian sediments, generally in
incised drainage systems. Prominent species in the canopy include Pittosporum undulatum, Acmena smithii, Synoum
glandulosum, Cryptocarya microneura and Elaeodendron australe var. australe. This community requires further testing
against similar rainforest types on other substrates to ascertain real differences. At present, this type is known from
rocky gullies (not sandy alluvium), and tends not to be as well developed as Coastal Warm Temperate – Subtropical
Rainforest (MU1a).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of species such as Sweet Pittosporum, Lily Pily, Murrogun and Red Olive Plum
mid-storey of various mesic species
ground layer of ferns, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNH1
12
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Permian Gully Rainforest (1g)
Average similarity: 38.63
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Acmena smithii
2.40
2.11
1.08
5.45
Cryptocarya microneura
1.60
1.21
1.01
3.13
Alphitonia excelsa
1.60
0.70
0.50
1.81
Ficus fraseri
0.80
0.26
0.32
0.68
Casuarina glauca
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.41
Small Tree
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
2.40
1.75
1.09
4.52
Elaeodendron australe var. australe
1.80
1.00
0.60
2.60
Wilkiea huegeliana
1.20
0.99
0.97
2.57
Ficus coronata
1.20
0.97
1.04
2.51
Guioa semiglauca
1.40
0.86
0.62
2.23
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.80
0.84
0.49
2.17
Scolopia braunii
1.20
0.57
0.57
1.48
Diospyros australis
1.20
0.42
0.32
1.09
Neolitsea dealbata
0.80
0.39
0.62
1.01
Melaleuca styphelioides
1.40
0.37
0.32
0.95
Alectryon subcinereus
1.00
0.26
0.32
0.68
Palm
Livistona australis
1.20
0.80
1.16
2.07
Shrub
Pittosporum undulatum
3.20
3.83
3.18
9.91
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
0.87
1.15
2.24
Pittosporum revolutum
0.80
0.83
1.15
2.15
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
1.00
0.80
1.16
2.07
Pittosporum multiflorum
1.00
0.55
0.56
1.43
Eupomatia laurina
1.00
0.24
0.32
0.63
Rubus moluccanus var. trilobus
0.40
0.15
0.32
0.38
Maytenus silvestris
0.40
0.13
0.32
0.35
Ground Fern
Pellaea falcata
1.80
1.67
1.15
4.31
Doodia aspera
2.40
1.24
0.53
3.20
Adiantum hispidulum
1.20
0.57
0.59
1.49
Adiantum aethiopicum
1.20
0.57
0.59
1.48
Calochlaena dubia
0.80
0.27
0.32
0.69
Adiantum formosum
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.38
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
1.60
1.60
1.16
4.14
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.80
0.88
1.16
2.27
Lomandra longifolia
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.41
Sedge
Gahnia melanocarpa
1.00
0.62
0.57
1.60
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
2.00
2.80
11.86
7.26
Morinda jasminoides
1.80
1.60
1.16
4.14
Cissus antarctica
1.40
1.27
0.99
3.29
Smilax australis
1.20
1.02
0.99
2.65
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.20
0.96
1.06
2.49
Stephania japonica var. discolor
1.00
0.54
0.58
1.40
Embelia australiana
1.00
0.51
0.58
1.32
Sarcopetalum harveyanum
0.60
0.39
0.62
1.00
13
Permian Gully Rainforest (1g)
Average similarity: 38.63
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Parsonsia straminea
0.80
0.24
0.32
0.63
Ripogonum album
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.35
Smilax glyciphylla
0.60
0.13
0.32
0.35
14
Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest Unit 3e
Keith Class: Dry Rainforests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Myrtle sheltered gully dry rainforest in gullies of the Sydney Basin (021)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Valley Dry Rainforest (MU3)?
General Description:
Occurs in shallow gullies mostly on Permian geology. Floristically simple; Backhousia myrtifolia usually dominant in the
poorest sites, under a canopy of emergent eucalypts. Very depauperate rainforest occuring often as narrow bands along
creeklines. This community is effectively a form of Warm Temperate Rainforest (Backhousia myrtifolia alliance), but
referred to as ‘dry’ in this work to reflect low species diversity and prominence of Backhousia. Emergent eucalypts are
normally present, including Eucalyptus acmenioides and Corymbia maculata. Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest has been
poorly sampled to date, so true relationships are difficult to resolve. This community is not correlated with Lower Hunter
Dry Rainforest EEC despite the name.
Characteristic Features:
canopy usually clearly dominated by Grey Myrtle, with scattered emergent White Mahogany and Spotted Gum
sparse to absent mid-layer, typically very open
ground layer of ferns, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 7 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSO5
15
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest (3e)
Average similarity: 31.62
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Backhousia myrtifolia
5.00
8.83
4.34
27.92
Eucalyptus acmenoides
1.80
1.58
0.62
5.01
Corymbia maculata
1.00
0.82
0.60
2.60
Cryptocarya microneura
1.20
0.48
0.32
1.52
Angophora costata
1.00
0.41
0.32
1.30
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.60
0.21
0.32
0.67
Ficus rubiginosa
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.51
Small Tree
Guioa semiglauca
1.00
0.64
0.57
2.02
Wilkiea huegeliana
1.40
0.64
0.57
2.02
Stenocarpus salignus
0.80
0.32
0.32
1.01
Palm
Livistona australis
1.20
1.18
1.06
3.74
Shrub
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
1.20
1.18
1.05
3.74
Pittosporum undulatum
1.20
0.69
0.59
2.18
Pittosporum multiflorum
0.60
0.18
0.32
0.56
Ground Fern
Doodia aspera
2.60
2.40
1.01
7.60
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.60
0.21
0.32
0.67
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
1.20
1.06
0.62
3.34
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.40
0.22
0.32
0.69
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
1.20
1.04
0.62
3.30
Carex longebrachiata
0.40
0.18
0.32
0.57
Herb
Aneilema acuminatum
1.20
1.04
0.62
3.30
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.20
1.04
0.62
3.30
Twiner
Morinda jasminoides
1.60
2.04
1.16
6.46
Dioscorea transversa
1.40
1.54
1.01
4.88
Eustrephus latifolius
0.80
1.21
1.13
3.81
Smilax australis
0.80
0.51
0.62
1.62
Marsdenia rostrata
0.80
0.48
0.62
1.51
Aphanopetalum resinosum
0.80
0.16
0.32
0.51
Cissus antarctica
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.51
Geitonoplesium cymosum
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.51
Pandorea pandorana
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.51
Sarcopetalum harveyanum
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.51
Smilax glyciphylla
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.51
Epiphytic Orchid
Plectorrhiza tridentata
0.40
0.18
0.32
0.57
16
Littoral Rainforest Unit 4
Keith Class: Littoral Rainforests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Tuckeroo/ Coast Banksia littoral rainforest (018)
LHCCREMS: Littoral Rainforest (MU4)
General Description:
A simple rainforest occurring close to the ocean on coastal headlands or at the back of coastal dunes. Typically very low
in stature and tightly packed with a few dominant tree species such as Cupaniopsis anacaroides, Acmena smithii, and
Guioa semiglauca. Often merges into surrounding headland scrub. The definition of Littoral Rainforest taken in the strict
sense for this work, meaning that superficially similar rainforest stands away from the immediately effects of coastal
exposure (onshore salt-laden winds and sea spray) have not been included. Analysis has shown that these stands are
floristically more complex and are closer to warm temperate rainforest than they are to littoral rainforests.
Characteristic Features:
occurs on sheltered southern or easterley-facing slopes on coastal headlands or behind coastal dunes
dense, low canopy of Tuckeroo, Lily Pily, Guioa, Cheesetree and Cabbage Tree Palm
sparse mid and ground layer of vines but few other species
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 21 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Littoral Rainforest EEC
CTHI2
17
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Littoral Rainforest (4)
Average similarity: 28.94
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Acmena smithii
3.00
4.49
2.22
15.53
Dysoxylum fraserianum
1.50
0.78
0.41
2.68
Small Tree
Cupaniopsis anacardioides
2.75
4.78
1.74
16.51
Guioa semiglauca
3.00
4.10
2.00
14.19
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
1.00
1.19
0.89
4.11
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.25
1.05
0.91
3.63
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
1.00
0.39
0.41
1.36
Elaeodendron australe var. australe
0.75
0.33
0.41
1.14
Syzygium paniculatum
1.00
0.33
0.41
1.13
Palm
Livistona australis
1.00
1.05
0.91
3.63
Shrub
Maclura cochinchinensis
1.25
1.68
0.74
5.82
Myrsine variabilis
0.75
1.05
0.91
3.63
Clerodendrum tomentosum
0.75
0.48
0.41
1.67
Breynia oblongifolia
0.50
0.33
0.41
1.13
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.50
0.33
0.41
1.14
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
0.75
0.48
0.41
1.67
Sedge
Gahnia melanocarpa
0.75
0.39
0.41
1.36
Herb
Viola hederacea
1.00
0.78
0.41
2.71
Twiner
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.25
2.40
5.87
8.28
Cayratia clematidea
1.00
1.20
0.89
4.15
Sarcopetalum harveyanum
1.00
0.66
0.41
2.28
Smilax australis
1.00
0.66
0.41
2.28
18
Moist Forests (Alluvial Soils)
19
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest Unit 5
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast
ranges of the Sydney Basin bioregion
GHV: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest on ranges of the
Central Coast (050)
LHCCREMS: Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (MU5)
General Description:
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest typically occurs on deeper alluvial sandy loams at the bases of the larger gullies. Eucalyptus
saligna is prominent in the emergent canopy layer, often co-occurring with Syncarpia glomulifera and Angophora
floribunda, over a lower tree layer of Acmena smithii, Melaleuca styphelioides, Glochidion ferdinandi, Cryptocarya
microneura and Claoxylon australe. Ground layer vegetation includes the grasses Oplismenus imbecillus and
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides, the ferns Calochlaena dubia, Blechnum cartilagineum and Adiantum aethiopicum,
and shrubs Cordyline stricta, Hymenosporum flavum, and Breynia oblongifolia. The sedges Gymnostachys anceps and
Carex longebrachtiata are also common. In some areas, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana is dominant, and most likely
forms a distinct community of its own.
Characteristic Features:
Tall eucalypt canopy of Bluegums, Turpentine and Rough-barked Apple
mid-storey of Lily Pily, Prickly-leaved Paperbark, Cheese Tree and Murrogun
ground layer of ferns and vines
occurs on deep alluvial sandy loams in broad gullies
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1770 ha
SWNG4
20
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 10 plots]:
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (5)
Average similarity: 39.84
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus saligna
3.30
3.98
3.74
9.98
Acmena smithii
3.10
3.03
1.59
7.60
Angophora floribunda
0.90
0.36
0.51
0.90
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
0.90
0.28
0.36
0.69
Cryptocarya microneura
0.90
0.20
0.26
0.49
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
0.60
0.19
0.26
0.48
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.50
0.16
0.39
0.41
Alphitonia excelsa
0.30
0.10
0.26
0.25
Eucalyptus acmenoides
0.60
0.09
0.15
0.22
Ceratopetalum apetalum
0.20
0.03
0.15
0.08
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
2.50
2.21
1.28
5.54
Melaleuca styphelioides
1.70
1.16
0.74
2.92
Ficus coronata
1.60
1.04
0.68
2.61
Callistemon salignus
0.90
0.20
0.26
0.50
Melaleuca linariifolia
0.80
0.19
0.26
0.48
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
0.80
0.11
0.25
0.27
Callicoma serratifolia
0.40
0.08
0.26
0.21
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
0.40
0.08
0.26
0.21
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
0.90
0.81
1.24
2.04
Eupomatia laurina
1.20
0.56
0.49
1.39
Maytenus silvestris
0.60
0.27
0.52
0.67
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
0.40
0.17
0.39
0.44
Clerodendrum tomentosum
0.40
0.15
0.39
0.39
Myrsine howittiana
0.70
0.15
0.24
0.37
Pittosporum revolutum
0.60
0.09
0.26
0.22
Cordyline stricta
0.30
0.08
0.26
0.21
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.30
0.08
0.26
0.21
Omalanthus nutans
0.20
0.04
0.15
0.10
Hymenosporum flavum
0.20
0.03
0.15
0.08
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
2.20
2.71
7.06
6.81
Calochlaena dubia
1.60
1.22
1.14
3.07
Doodia aspera
1.00
0.48
0.50
1.19
Blechnum cartilagineum
1.00
0.45
0.50
1.14
Adiantum hispidulum
0.50
0.17
0.38
0.42
Pteridium esculentum
0.50
0.16
0.39
0.41
Hypolepis muelleri
0.50
0.06
0.15
0.16
Adiantum formosum
0.50
0.05
0.15
0.13
Doodia caudata
0.30
0.03
0.15
0.08
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.40
2.36
1.76
5.92
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.20
0.59
0.64
1.49
Entolasia marginata
0.80
0.36
0.50
0.89
Imperata cylindrica
0.40
0.16
0.39
0.41
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
0.80
0.36
0.50
0.91
21
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (5)
Average similarity: 39.84
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.50
0.30
0.53
0.76
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
1.70
1.29
0.91
3.23
Carex longebrachiata
1.30
1.02
0.86
2.56
Gymnostachys anceps
0.80
0.43
0.66
1.08
Gahnia melanocarpa
0.40
0.05
0.15
0.12
Herb
Dichondra repens
1.50
1.51
1.17
3.80
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.00
0.61
0.52
1.54
Viola hederacea
1.10
0.56
0.52
1.41
Pratia purpurascens
0.80
0.33
0.39
0.82
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
0.70
0.23
0.36
0.57
Veronica plebeia
0.60
0.19
0.37
0.48
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
0.20
0.03
0.15
0.08
Sigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis
0.20
0.03
0.15
0.07
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
2.00
2.69
7.21
6.75
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.60
1.74
3.64
4.36
Morinda jasminoides
1.40
1.28
1.12
3.21
Smilax australis
1.10
0.78
0.85
1.96
Stephania japonica var. discolor
0.60
0.32
0.52
0.81
Cissus antarctica
0.60
0.29
0.52
0.74
Cissus hypoglauca
0.40
0.18
0.38
0.45
Glycine clandestina
0.50
0.11
0.25
0.27
Parsonsia straminea
0.40
0.10
0.26
0.25
Eustrephus latifolius
0.30
0.08
0.26
0.21
Sarcopetalum harveyanum
0.30
0.08
0.26
0.21
Hibbertia scandens
0.30
0.08
0.26
0.20
Cayratia clematidea
0.30
0.03
0.15
0.08
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
0.20
0.03
0.15
0.08
22
Alluvial Bluegum - Paperbark Forest Unit 5a
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast
ranges of the Sydney Basin bioregion
GHV: ?Melaleuca biconvexa/ Swamp Mahogany/ Cabbage Palm swamp forest of the
Central Coast (205)
LHCCREMS: Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (MU5)
General Description:
Occurs along major creek systems with alluvial flats in the south-western Lake Macquarie and Wyong areas, and
extending into Gosford LGA. Typified by a canopy of Eucalyptus saligna and an often dense sub-canopy of Melaleuca
biconvexa and Callistemon salignus. Only a few remnants remain in Lake Macquarie, such as around the Cooranbong
and Mandalong Valleys.
Characteristic Features:
Canopy of Sydney Bluegum, on alluvial flats (may have been previously logged out)
mid-storey of Biconvex Paperbarks
moist ground layer of sedges, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 174 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
No photo
23
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Alluvial Bluegum - Paperbark Forest (5a)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Eucalyptus saligna
-
-
-
√
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus propinqua
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus acmenioides
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Melaleuca biconvexa
-
-
-
√
Callistemon salignus
-
-
-
√
Melaleuca linariifolia
-
-
-
√
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
√
Acmena smithii
-
-
-
√
Backhousia myrtifolia
-
-
-
√
Ground Fern
Calochlaena dubia
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
√
24
Alluvial Bluegum – Apple Moist Forest Unit 5b
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast
ranges of the Sydney Basin bioregion
GHV: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest on ranges of the
Central Coast (050)
LHCCREMS: Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (MU5)
General Description:
Noted in the Cooranbong area of south-western Lake Macquarie, on alluvial flats. A moist forest type of Eucalyptus
saligna and Angophora floribunda, with Callistemon salignus and Acacia parramattensis common in the mid-storey, over
Pteridium esculentum, Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides and Adiantum aethiopicum. Related to but drier than other
moist forest types on alluvial flats, such as Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest (MU123), Alluvial Bluegum – Paperbark
Forest (MU5a) and Floodplain Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest (MU38a). Further exploratory analyses in this
group are required to clarify relationships.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Sydney Blue Gum and Rough-barked Apple
mid-storey of Parramatta Wattle, Corkwood and Coffee Bush
ground layer of Bracken and various grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 69 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
MRS94
25
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Alluvial Bluegum - Apple Moist Forest (5b)
Average similarity: 63.80
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus saligna
3.50
4.22
10.93
6.61
Angophora floribunda
3.00
3.34
4.58
5.23
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.75
0.69
0.91
1.08
Small Tree
Acacia parramattensis
3.75
3.14
1.45
4.92
Duboisia myoporoides
2.50
2.90
4.65
4.55
Callistemon salignus
2.25
1.60
0.89
2.50
Melaleuca linariifolia
0.50
0.23
0.41
0.36
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
2.00
2.68
16.29
4.19
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
2.00
2.68
16.29
4.19
Melaleuca nodosa
1.50
0.89
0.80
1.40
Pittosporum revolutum
1.00
0.69
0.91
1.08
Maytenus silvestris
1.00
0.64
0.91
1.00
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
0.75
0.64
0.91
1.00
Sannantha pluriflora
1.25
0.41
0.41
0.64
Cassinia uncata
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.38
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
3.25
3.61
2.77
5.66
Adiantum aethiopicum
2.25
2.68
16.29
4.19
Grass
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.50
2.88
7.00
4.51
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.25
2.20
2.21
3.46
Entolasia marginata
0.50
0.23
0.41
0.36
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
2.00
1.54
3.42
2.42
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.34
16.29
2.10
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
1.75
1.97
3.14
3.09
Herb
Dichondra repens
2.25
2.68
16.29
4.19
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
2.00
2.68
16.29
4.19
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
2.68
16.29
4.19
Oxalis perennans
1.75
1.97
3.14
3.09
Viola hederacea
1.50
1.37
0.91
2.15
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.50
1.27
0.91
1.99
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.25
0.91
0.84
1.42
Poranthera microphylla
1.25
0.85
0.81
1.34
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.36
Ground Orchid
Pterostylis spp.
1.00
0.43
0.41
0.68
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
2.00
2.68
16.29
4.19
Hibbertia scandens
2.00
2.68
16.29
4.19
Eustrephus latifolius
1.25
0.84
0.83
1.32
Billardiera scandens
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.38
Kennedia rubicunda
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.36
Morinda jasminoides
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.36
26
Alluvial Bluegum – Spotted Gum Moist Forest Unit 5e
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast
ranges of the Sydney Basin bioregion
GHV: ?Melaleuca biconvexa/ Swamp Mahogany/ Cabbage Palm swamp forest of the
Central Coast (205)
LHCCREMS: Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (MU5)
General Description:
Alluvial Bluegum – Spotted Gum Moist Forest is an alluvial forest where Eucalyptus saligna co-occurs with Corymbia
maculata, but other canopy species are also present and may be locally dominant. These include Angophora floribunda,
Eucalyptus amplifolia, Eucalyptus siderophloia and Eucalyptus globoidea. Understorey vegetation includes species such
as Melaleuca decora, Melaleuca linariifolia, Acacia longifolia and Daviesia ulicifolia, and a range of grasses and herbs
occur on the ground. This vegetation type may be ecotonal between the wetter alluvial Bluegum-dominated communities
and the drier Spotted Gum communities, and further sampling and investigation is required.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Sydney Blue Gum with Spotted Gum, or Rough-barked Apple, Cabbage Gum, Northern Ironbark or
White Stringybark
mid-storey of Paperbarks and wattles
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 106 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
DRLR2
27
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Alluvial Bluegum - Spotted Gum Moist Forest (5e)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
4.00
Corymbia maculata
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus globoidea
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus amplifolia subsp. amplifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
1.00
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
-
-
-
1.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Callistemon salignus
-
-
-
1.00
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Melaleuca decora
-
-
-
4.00
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
-
-
-
3.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Melaleuca sieberi
-
-
-
2.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Pultenaea retusa
-
-
-
1.00
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
-
-
-
1.00
Platysace lanceolata
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
3.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
2.00
Themeda australis
-
-
-
2.00
Anisopogon avenaceus
-
-
-
2.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
2.00
Digitaria ramularis
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
2.00
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
2.00
Boronia polygalifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Brunoniella australis
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Acianthus fornicatus
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Hardenbergia violacea
-
-
-
1.00
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
1.00
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
1.00
Polymeria calycina
-
-
-
1.00
28
Alluvial Bluegum - Spotted Gum Moist Forest (5e)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
29
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest Unit 5h
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple/ Turpentine/ Blackbutt open forest on ranges of the Central
Coast (061)
LHCCREMS: Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (MU5)
General Description:
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest occurs along major creek systems such as Dora Creek and Cockle Creek and
environs, extending south into Wyong LGA. Eucalyptus pilularis is dominant along the banks of these creeks, but little
extant areas are left to sample well. Common understorey species include Acacia longifolia, Leptospermum
polygalifolium, Pteridium esculentum, Dodonaea triquetra, Banksia spinulosa var. collina, Lomandra longifolia, Entolasia
stricta and Gahnia clarkei. This type is related to Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest (MU123) but further investigation is
required to determine how the two differ.
Characteristic Features:
occurs along the banks of major creeks
canopy almost exclusively of Blackbutt
mid-storey of Wattles, Ti-tree, Hop Bush and Banksia
ground layer of sedges, ferns, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 13 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
DRLU0
30
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest (5h)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
3.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
2.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
2.00
Angophora costata
-
-
-
2.00
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
3.00
Acacia binervata
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
-
-
-
2.00
Callicoma serratifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
-
-
-
1.00
Guioa semiglauca
-
-
-
1.00
Palm
Livistona australis
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Astrotricha latifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia implexa
-
-
-
1.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Clerodendrum tomentosum
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
-
-
-
1.00
Rubus parvifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Seringia arborescens
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Blechnum cartilagineum
-
-
-
3.00
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
2.00
Doodia aspera
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Gahnia melanocarpa
-
-
-
3.00
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
1.00
Gymnostachys anceps
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
2.00
Viola hederacea
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
1.00
Alpinia caerulea
-
-
-
1.00
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Acianthus fornicatus
-
-
-
2.00
Twiner
Pandorea pandorana
-
-
-
2.00
31
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest (5h)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
2.00
Smilax australis
-
-
-
2.00
Dioscorea transversa
-
-
-
2.00
Marsdenia rostrata
-
-
-
2.00
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia scandens
-
-
-
1.00
Cissus hypoglauca
-
-
-
1.00
Geitonoplesium cymosum
-
-
-
1.00
32
Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest Unit 11a
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sheltered Apple-Peppermint Forest (MU11)
General Description:
Minor drainage lines on the lower elevation undulating country of the coastal plains support a swampy community of
Eucalyptus piperita, Eucalyptus punctata and Angophora costata. The tall shrub layer includes Callicoma serratifolia,
Glochidion ferdinandi and Melaleuca linariifolia, and with a dense ground layer of Gahnia clarkei. Typically, Riparian
Paperbark - Peppermint Forest occupies only narrow bands 15m or less in width.
Characteristic Features:
narrow bands following creeklines on low topography
canopy dominated by Sydney Peppermint, Grey Gum and Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of Paperbark, Cheese Tree and Black Wattle
ground layer of sedges
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 53 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
QRBF3
33
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest (11a)
Average similarity: 34.72
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
2.60
3.64
6.80
10.49
Angophora costata
0.60
0.48
0.62
1.38
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
1.20
0.48
0.32
1.37
Acmena smithii
0.80
0.28
0.32
0.81
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.46
Eucalyptus umbra
0.40
0.15
0.32
0.43
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
3.40
2.69
0.62
7.74
Melaleuca linariifolia
2.60
2.03
0.87
5.85
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
2.20
1.88
0.89
5.42
Callistemon salignus
1.40
0.72
0.52
2.06
Ficus coronata
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.46
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.43
Callicoma serratifolia
0.80
0.15
0.32
0.43
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
0.64
0.57
1.84
Pittosporum undulatum
0.80
0.19
0.32
0.53
Rubus parvifolius
0.80
0.19
0.32
0.53
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
2.00
3.20
12.25
9.23
Cyathea australis
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.46
Calochlaena dubia
0.40
0.15
0.32
0.43
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.60
1.99
1.14
5.74
Entolasia marginata
1.20
0.48
0.62
1.38
Imperata cylindrica
0.60
0.44
0.62
1.26
Poa affinis
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.46
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.80
0.93
1.16
2.67
Lomandra longifolia
0.80
0.44
0.62
1.26
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
3.80
3.47
0.91
9.98
Carex longebrachiata
0.80
0.32
0.32
0.92
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
1.60
1.85
1.16
5.34
Viola hederacea
1.20
0.96
0.62
2.75
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
1.20
0.92
0.62
2.64
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.80
0.48
0.62
1.38
Galium propinquum
0.80
0.32
0.32
0.92
Centella asiatica
0.80
0.30
0.32
0.86
Dichondra repens
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.46
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.40
0.15
0.32
0.43
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.43
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
1.40
1.40
1.01
4.05
Eustrephus latifolius
0.80
0.48
0.62
1.38
Smilax australis
0.80
0.48
0.62
1.38
Morinda jasminoides
0.80
0.46
0.62
1.32
Geitonoplesium cymosum
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.46
Hibbertia dentata
0.40
0.16
0.32
0.46
Parsonsia straminea
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.46
34
Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest (11a)
Average similarity: 34.72
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Polymeria calycina
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.43
35
Awaba Peppermint – Black Wattle Riparian Forest Unit 11c
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple open forest on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast (103)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sheltered Apple-Peppermint Forest (MU11)
General Description:
Awaba Peppermint – Black Wattle Riparian Forest occurs in narrow rocky gully lines high in the catchment of the
hinterland low hills, where Callicoma serratifolia dominates the small tree/ shrub layers in narrow bands. Emergent
eucalypts include Eucalyptus piperita and Angophora costata with Allocasuarina torulosa.
Characteristic Features:
occurs as narrow bands along riparian zones
emergent canopy of Sydney Peppermint and Smooth-barked Apple
dense mid-storey of Black Wattle, Cheese Tree and Gymea Lily
ground layer of ferns and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 13 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNF2
36
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Awaba Peppermint-Black Wattle Riparian Forest (11c)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus piperita
-
-
-
3.00
Angophora costata
-
-
-
3.00
Small Tree
Callicoma serratifolia
-
-
-
5.00
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
-
-
-
1.00
Ceratopetalum gummiferum
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
2.00
Doryanthes excelsa
-
-
-
2.00
Prostanthera incisa
-
-
-
1.00
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
-
-
-
1.00
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Gompholobium latifolium
-
-
-
1.00
Lomatia silaifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Pultenaea daphnoides
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Calochlaena dubia
-
-
-
3.00
Blechnum cartilagineum
-
-
-
2.00
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
2.00
Adiantum hispidulum
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Poa affinis
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
1.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
1.00
Digitaria diffusa
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Schoenus melanostachys
-
-
-
2.00
Gymnostachys anceps
-
-
-
1.00
Gahnia melanocarpa
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
2.00
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
-
-
-
2.00
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
1.00
Smilax glyciphylla
-
-
-
1.00
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
1.00
Eustrephus latifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
1.00
37
Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest Unit 123
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple/ Turpentine/ Blackbutt open forest on ranges of the Central
Coast (061)
LHCCREMS: Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (MU5)
General Description:
Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest supports often tall stands of Eucalyptus pilularis on the undulating valley flats around
Cooranbong and Martinsville. Largely depleted due to clearing and logging, other species co-occuring include
Allocasuarina torulosa, Calistemon salignus and Glochidion ferdinandi in the mid layer, over a rich herb and grass layer.
This community is broadly related to Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest (MU22) and Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
through the sharing of Blackbutt in the canopy, but occurs in a very different landscape position. It is also very similar to
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest (MU5h), and further clarification of differences with that community is required.
Characteristic Features:
tall canopy of Blackbutt with Forest Oak, Willow Bottlebrush and Cheese Tree
mid-storey of Cheese Tree, Coffee Bush and Prickly Beard-heath
rich ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 311 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - (?) River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
MRSA3
38
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest (123)
Average similarity: 65.24
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus pilularis
4.00
4.28
-
6.56
Allocasuarina torulosa
2.50
2.14
-
3.28
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
4.50
4.28
-
6.56
Callistemon salignus
3.00
3.21
-
4.92
Melaleuca styphelioides
1.50
1.07
-
1.64
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Leucopogon juniperinus
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Persoonia linearis
1.00
1.07
-
1.64
Pittosporum revolutum
1.00
1.07
-
1.64
Pittosporum undulatum
1.00
1.07
-
1.64
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.50
1.07
-
1.64
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Pteridium esculentum
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
3.50
3.21
-
4.92
Themeda australis
3.00
3.21
-
4.92
Entolasia marginata
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Entolasia stricta
2.50
2.14
-
3.28
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Panicum simile
2.50
2.14
-
3.28
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Herb
Brunoniella australis
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Dichondra repens
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Lagenophora stipitata
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Oxalis perennans
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
2.14
-
3.28
Tricoryne elatior
1.50
1.07
-
1.64
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
1.00
1.07
-
1.64
Twiner
Eustrephus latifolius
1.00
1.07
-
1.64
Glycine clandestina
1.50
1.07
-
1.64
Hardenbergia violacea
1.00
1.07
-
1.64
39
Moist Forests (Colluvial Soils)
40
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest Unit 6a
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast
ranges of the Sydney Basin bioregion
GHV: Blackbutt/ Turpentine/ Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest on ranges of the
Central Coast (050)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Narabeen Moist Forest (MU6)
General Description:
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest is a moist ridgetop vegetation occuring in the Watagan Mountains, where
Eucalyptus deanei, Eucalyptus saligna, Syncarpia glomulifera and Eucalyptus acmenoides are prominent. The open or
dense mid-layer comprises species such as Acacia maidenii, Trococarpa laurina, Persoonia linearis, and Synoum
glandulosum, over a well developed herb and grass layer. This community generally occurs in higher rainfall areas at the
top of the Olney SF catchment, such as along the ridges around Heaton Gap. Few areas remain untouched by logging
operations. Some further sampling is required to clarify the relationship of this type with Coastal Wet Gully Forest (MU1).
Characteristic Features:
occurs in ridgetop habitats in high rainfall parts of the Watagan Mountains
canopy of Mountain Gum, with other species such as Sydney Blue Gum, Turpentine and White Mahogany
sparse or dense mid-storey of Maidens Wattle, Tree Heath and Scentless Rosewood
rich ground layer of ferns, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 534 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
QRBG6
41
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest (6a)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus deanei
-
-
-
4.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
3.00
Acacia maidenii
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus acmenoides
-
-
-
2.00
Small Tree
Trochocarpa laurina
-
-
-
3.00
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
-
-
-
2.00
Guioa semiglauca
-
-
-
1.00
Cryptocarya rigida
-
-
-
1.00
Alectryon subcinereus
-
-
-
1.00
Diospyros australis
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Rubus parvifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Cordyline stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Platysace lanceolata
-
-
-
1.00
Pittosporum multiflorum
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Plectranthus parviflorus
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Doodia aspera
-
-
-
3.00
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
3.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
3.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
2.00
Digitaria parviflora
-
-
-
2.00
Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
-
-
-
2.00
Cyperus enervis
-
-
-
2.00
Gahnia melanocarpa
-
-
-
1.00
Carex appressa
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
2.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
2.00
Poranthera microphylla
-
-
-
2.00
Galium propinquum
-
-
-
2.00
Desmodium gunnii
-
-
-
2.00
Arthropodium milleflorum
-
-
-
2.00
Commelina cyanea
-
-
-
2.00
Geranium homeanum
-
-
-
2.00
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Stellaria flaccida
-
-
-
2.00
42
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest (6a)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Sigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Pterostylis spp.
-
-
-
2.00
Twiner
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
3.00
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Cissus hypoglauca
-
-
-
2.00
Geitonoplesium cymosum
-
-
-
2.00
Stephania japonica var. discolor
-
-
-
2.00
Pandorea pandorana
-
-
-
1.00
Smilax australis
-
-
-
1.00
Dioscorea transversa
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia scandens
-
-
-
1.00
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
-
-
-
1.00
Epiphytic Fern
Pyrrosia rupestris
-
-
-
1.00
43
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest Unit 9a
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Blackbutt/ Rough-barked Apple/ Turpentine/ ferny tall open forest of the Central
Coast (046)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest is a tall forest where Eucalyptus pilularis is clearly dominant, but may also occur
with Eucalyptus saligna or Allocasuarina torulosa. The mesic understorey of semi-rainforest species includes Acacia
parramattensis, Astrotricha latifolia, Clerodendrum tomentosum, Synoum glandulosum, Claoxylon australe and
Cryptocarya glaucescens. This represents a widespread forest type in the Watagan Mountains system, but is currently
poorly sampled across its distribution. Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest merges with Coastal Wet Gully Forest
(MU1) and other similar moist vegetation types in protected slope positions.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Blackbutt with Sydney Blue Gum or Forest Oak
mid-storey of mesic species such as Parramatta Wattle, Hairy Clerodendrum and Scentless Rosewood
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 935 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS76
44
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest (9a)
Average similarity: 26.32
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus saligna
2.50
2.63
-
10.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
2.00
1.32
-
5.00
Small Tree
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
2.00
2.63
-
10.00
Claoxylon australe
2.00
1.32
-
5.00
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
2.00
2.63
-
10.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
1.32
-
5.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
1.50
1.32
-
5.00
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
1.50
1.32
-
5.00
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
2.63
-
10.00
Pseuderanthemum variabile
2.00
2.63
-
10.00
Twiner
Cayratia clematidea
1.50
1.32
-
5.00
Cissus hypoglauca
1.50
1.32
-
5.00
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.50
1.32
-
5.00
Parsonsia straminea
1.50
1.32
-
5.00
Stephania japonica var. discolor
2.00
1.32
-
5.00
45
Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest Unit 9e
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest is present in the Watagan Mountains in and around Watagans NP, and some
parts of the Sugarloaf Range. Eucalyptus piperita is the dominant canopy species present, co-occurring with
Allocasuarina torulosa and Angophora costata. A moderately dense understorey of species such as Cryptocarya rigida,
Glochidion ferdinandi, and Astrotricha latifolia occurs over Entolasia marginata, Cymbopogon refractus, Gahnia
melanocarpa and Lomandra longifolia. Further investigation is required to determine its relationship to similar moist
forests.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Sydney Peppermint, Forest Oak and Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of mesic species such as Cheesetree, Astrotricha and Forest Maple
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 66 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS75
46
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest (9e)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
4.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus piperita
-
-
-
4.00
Cryptocarya glaucescens
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus saligna
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Acacia parramattensis
-
-
-
4.00
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
-
-
-
3.00
Trochocarpa laurina
-
-
-
3.00
Elaeocarpus reticulatus
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia schinoides
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Myrsine variabilis
-
-
-
3.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
2.00
Acrotriche divaricata
-
-
-
2.00
Astrotricha latifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Prostanthera incisa
-
-
-
2.00
Psychotria loniceroides
-
-
-
2.00
Zieria smithii
-
-
-
2.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Calochlaena dubia
-
-
-
4.00
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
2.00
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Hibbertia scandens
-
-
-
2.00
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
2.00
Eustrephus latifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Smilax australis
-
-
-
2.00
Cissus hypoglauca
-
-
-
1.00
Epiphytic Orchid
Cymbidium suave
-
-
-
1.00
47
Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark – Mahogany Forest Unit 9i
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark – Mahogany Forest is dominated in the canopy by the prominent Eucalyptus
agglomerata with Allocasuarina torulosa, Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus acmenioides and Angophora floribunda.
Common mid-storey species include Cryptocarya rigida, Synoum glandulosum, Cordyline stricta and Gymnostachys
anceps, over a rich and diverse ground layer of herbs and grasses. This community occurs in the Watagan Mountains
on high rainfall slopes and ridges, and merges with other moist forest types. Further investigation is required to
determine the relationship between this and similar communities, although the distribution of Eucalyptus agglomerata is
distinctive where it occurs.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Blue-leaved Stringybark, with Forest Oak, Turpentine and Rough-barked Apple
mid-storey of Forest Maple, Scentless Rosewood and Tree-heath
rich ground layer of ferns, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 30 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
QRBG5
48
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark - Mahogany Forest (9i)
Average similarity: 58.22
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus agglomerata
4.00
3.76
-
6.45
Allocasuarina torulosa
3.00
2.82
-
4.84
Angophora floribunda
2.50
1.88
-
3.23
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
2.50
1.88
-
3.23
Diploglottis cunninghamii
1.00
0.94
-
1.61
Small Tree
Cryptocarya rigida
3.00
2.82
-
4.84
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
3.50
2.82
-
4.84
Claoxylon australe
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Diospyros australis
1.00
0.94
-
1.61
Shrub
Cordyline stricta
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Clerodendrum tomentosum
1.00
0.94
-
1.61
Psychotria loniceroides
2.00
0.94
-
1.61
Ground Fern
Doodia aspera
2.50
1.88
-
3.23
Polystichum australiense
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Calochlaena dubia
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Entolasia marginata
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei
2.00
0.94
-
1.61
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Gahnia aspera
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Gahnia melanocarpa
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Herb
Desmodium gunnii
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Pseuderanthemum variabile
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Viola hederacea
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Hibbertia dentata
2.00
1.88
-
3.23
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
1.00
0.94
-
1.61
Eustrephus latifolius
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Glycine clandestina
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Smilax australis
1.50
0.94
-
1.61
Tetrastigma nitens
1.00
0.94
-
1.61
49
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt-Tallowwood Forest Unit 9l
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Tallowwood/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Blackbutt grass tall open forest of the Central
and lower North Coast (038)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt-Tallowwood Forest occurs in two areas in the hills west of Morisset and Wyee, but has
not yet been sampled. It is typified by a canopy of Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus microcorys, and Allocasuarina
torulosa, over an understorey of Xanthorrhoea malocophylla, Synoum glandulosum, Persoonia linearis, Daviesia
ulicifolia, Gompholobium latifolium, Calochlaena dubia, Poa affinis and Themeda australis. Other eucalypts may also be
present, including Eucalyptus propinqua, Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus acmenioides. As this community is yet to
be sampled, its position in the classification hierarchy is currently unknown.
Characteristic Features:
canopy most noteably of Blackbutt with Tallowwood and Forest Oak, but also with Small-fruited Grey Gum,
Spotted Gum and White Mahogany
mid-storey of dry or mesic shrubs, and Grass Tree may be obvious
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 72 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
50
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt - Tallowwood Forest (9l)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus propinqua
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus acmenioides
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Choricarpia leptopetala
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
-
-
-
√
Daviesia ulicifolia
-
-
-
√
Pimelea linifolia
-
-
-
√
Rhodamnia rubescens
-
-
-
√
Gompholobium latifolium
-
-
-
√
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
√
Calochlaena dubia
-
-
-
√
Pellaea falcata
-
-
-
√
Grass Tree
Xanthorrhoea malocophylla
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Poa affinis
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
√
Gymnostachys anceps
-
-
-
√
51
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest Unit 11
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple open forest on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast (103)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sheltered Apple-Peppermint Forest (MU11)
General Description:
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest occurs in dry drainage lines and associated slopes, generally at southerly
to south-easterly aspects. It is clearly dominated by Eucalyptus piperita and Angophora costata, and with a sparse or
moderate cover of understorey shrubs and grasses such as Allocasuarina littoralis, Pteridium esculentum, Entolasia
stricta, Themeda australis, and Imperata cylindrica. Within the Lake Macquarie region, this vegetation type has often
been cleared for grazing, cropping or horticulture, and is generally restricted in extent.
Characteristic Features:
occurs in sheltered aspects on dry drainage lines
tall canopy dominated by Sydney Peppermint and Smooth-barked Apple
scattered mid-layer of Bracken and Geebung
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1179 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSN4
52
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 18 plots]:
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest (11)
Average similarity: 39.40
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
3.78
4.16
6.01
10.56
Angophora costata
2.89
3.07
4.24
7.79
Corymbia gummifera
1.61
1.02
0.81
2.59
Eucalyptus umbra
0.72
0.24
0.38
0.62
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.61
0.13
0.25
0.32
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
0.33
0.05
0.19
0.14
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
0.39
0.06
0.19
0.14
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
1.50
0.81
0.63
2.05
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
0.83
0.33
0.51
0.84
Melaleuca linariifolia
0.33
0.05
0.20
0.13
Callicoma serratifolia
0.33
0.02
0.14
0.06
Shrub
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.33
0.77
0.77
1.95
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.22
0.71
0.88
1.80
Persoonia linearis
0.72
0.62
1.01
1.57
Acacia myrtifolia
1.28
0.56
0.62
1.41
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.94
0.55
0.67
1.41
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.94
0.54
0.84
1.36
Dodonaea triquetra
1.22
0.41
0.41
1.04
Gompholobium latifolium
0.83
0.39
0.52
0.99
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.78
0.38
0.61
0.97
Leptospermum trinervium
0.72
0.32
0.52
0.82
Epacris pulchella
0.67
0.26
0.44
0.66
Pittosporum undulatum
0.72
0.21
0.36
0.53
Pultenaea paleacea
0.72
0.20
0.31
0.51
Acacia ulicifolia
0.61
0.19
0.38
0.48
Acacia terminalis
0.50
0.18
0.39
0.46
Breynia oblongifolia
0.50
0.17
0.39
0.43
Tetratheca juncea
0.39
0.16
0.40
0.42
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
0.61
0.16
0.31
0.41
Persoonia levis
0.39
0.16
0.40
0.40
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.50
0.14
0.31
0.36
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.56
0.14
0.31
0.36
Pultenaea villosa
0.83
0.14
0.22
0.36
Dillwynia retorta
0.50
0.09
0.20
0.23
Bossiaea obcordata
0.39
0.05
0.14
0.12
Comesperma ericinum
0.28
0.05
0.20
0.12
Exocarpos cupressiformis
0.22
0.05
0.20
0.12
Lomatia silaifolia
0.22
0.05
0.20
0.12
Pultenaea retusa
0.28
0.05
0.20
0.12
Pittosporum revolutum
0.22
0.04
0.20
0.11
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
0.17
0.02
0.14
0.06
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
0.89
0.39
0.45
0.99
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.33
0.05
0.19
0.14
Hovea linearis
0.17
0.02
0.14
0.06
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.83
1.79
2.12
4.55
Lindsaea linearis
0.83
0.39
0.51
0.98
53
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest (11)
Average similarity: 39.40
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Calochlaena dubia
0.28
0.03
0.13
0.08
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.67
0.23
0.38
0.60
Xanthorrhoea macronema
0.33
0.12
0.33
0.31
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.72
2.85
4.82
7.24
Themeda australis
1.89
1.45
1.41
3.67
Imperata cylindrica
1.83
1.36
1.16
3.45
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.06
0.50
0.52
1.26
Panicum simile
0.78
0.37
0.52
0.93
Aristida vagans
0.61
0.21
0.37
0.52
Anisopogon avenaceus
0.56
0.16
0.31
0.41
Poa affinis
0.50
0.07
0.19
0.18
Pseudoraphis paradoxa
0.22
0.02
0.14
0.06
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.44
1.35
1.98
3.44
Lomandra obliqua
1.22
0.84
0.82
2.14
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.00
0.61
0.68
1.56
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.94
0.44
0.47
1.13
Lomandra longifolia
0.78
0.35
0.44
0.90
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
0.44
0.10
0.25
0.26
Patersonia glabrata
0.39
0.07
0.19
0.18
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.17
0.81
0.79
2.05
Lepidosperma neesii
0.61
0.10
0.25
0.26
Ptilothrix deusta
0.33
0.05
0.19
0.13
Gahnia clarkei
0.50
0.05
0.12
0.12
Gahnia radula
0.28
0.03
0.14
0.08
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
1.00
0.56
0.61
1.42
Brunoniella australis
0.89
0.47
0.60
1.20
Phyllanthus hirtellus
0.89
0.44
0.53
1.12
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.89
0.38
0.45
0.96
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.67
0.36
0.63
0.91
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.44
0.10
0.25
0.25
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.44
0.09
0.20
0.24
Dichondra repens
0.33
0.05
0.19
0.13
Opercularia diphylla
0.28
0.05
0.20
0.12
Lagenophora stipitata
0.22
0.03
0.14
0.06
Ground Orchid
Acianthus fornicatus
0.39
0.07
0.20
0.17
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.28
1.11
1.57
2.82
Hardenbergia violacea
1.06
0.72
0.90
1.83
Billardiera scandens
1.06
0.72
0.93
1.82
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.89
0.44
0.52
1.11
Eustrephus latifolius
0.83
0.42
0.52
1.07
Pandorea pandorana
0.67
0.31
0.54
0.77
Hibbertia scandens
0.22
0.04
0.20
0.11
Hibbertia dentata
0.28
0.03
0.13
0.08
Smilax glyciphylla
0.28
0.03
0.13
0.08
Parsonsia straminea
0.28
0.03
0.13
0.07
54
Hunter Valley Moist Forest Unit 12
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Grey Gum grass/ shrub open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (071)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Valley Moist Forest (MU12)
General Description:
Hunter Valley Moist Forest is a broadly defined unit requiring further clarification and assessment, and it may overlap
considerably with other MU12 subunits so far defined. As defined here, this is an original REMS2000 unit that has been
subdivided regionally (see MU12 subunits). This community is effectively an ecotonal unit between moister forests in
sheltered locations, and dryer ridgetop types. In most cases a canopy of Corymbia maculata with Eucalyptus
acmenioides is present, although other species such as Eucalyptus siderophloia and Eucalyptus punctata may also
occur. Important understorey species include Polyscias sambuccifolia, Pteridium esculentum, Pittosporum undulatum,
Notelaea longifolia, Poa affinis, Oplismenus imbecillus and Pseuderanthemum variabile.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum and White Mahogany, with Ironbarks and Grey Gum
mid-storey of Elderberry Panax, Sweet Pittosporum, Bracken and Native Olive
well developed ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 959 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSM9
55
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 9 plots]:
Hunter Valley Moist Forest (12)
Average similarity: 45.77
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus acmenoides
3.33
3.48
9.32
7.61
Corymbia maculata
3.11
3.39
18.70
7.40
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
2.00
1.50
1.11
3.27
Allocasuarina torulosa
1.67
1.23
1.42
2.68
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
1.11
0.42
0.44
0.92
Eucalyptus punctata
0.89
0.21
0.29
0.45
Eucalyptus propinqua
0.67
0.10
0.17
0.21
Acmena smithii
0.67
0.07
0.17
0.15
Cryptocarya microneura
0.56
0.07
0.17
0.15
Eucalyptus umbra
0.44
0.06
0.17
0.14
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.33
0.70
0.71
1.52
Melaleuca styphelioides
0.44
0.09
0.30
0.20
Palm
Livistona australis
0.44
0.10
0.30
0.21
Shrub
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.67
1.51
1.64
3.31
Pittosporum undulatum
1.67
1.37
1.48
2.99
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
1.56
1.36
1.53
2.97
Breynia oblongifolia
1.33
1.04
1.55
2.28
Persoonia linearis
0.89
0.50
0.79
1.08
Dodonaea triquetra
1.00
0.47
0.58
1.03
Maytenus silvestris
0.89
0.39
0.57
0.85
Myrsine variabilis
0.67
0.31
0.61
0.69
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
0.56
0.19
0.44
0.42
Acacia implexa
0.56
0.19
0.44
0.41
Pittosporum revolutum
0.44
0.18
0.44
0.40
Clerodendrum tomentosum
0.56
0.12
0.28
0.26
Acacia ulicifolia
0.33
0.09
0.30
0.21
Zieria smithii
0.33
0.09
0.30
0.21
Rubus moluccanus var. trilobus
0.44
0.09
0.30
0.20
Exocarpos cupressiformis
0.33
0.09
0.30
0.19
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.44
0.06
0.17
0.14
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.67
1.44
2.76
3.16
Adiantum aethiopicum
1.44
0.59
0.54
1.29
Doodia aspera
0.89
0.22
0.29
0.49
Cycad
Macrozamia flexuosa
0.44
0.10
0.30
0.21
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea macronema
0.56
0.12
0.28
0.27
Grass
Poa affinis
2.44
2.17
3.31
4.75
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.11
2.02
4.17
4.42
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.44
1.20
1.45
2.63
Imperata cylindrica
1.89
1.14
0.92
2.48
Entolasia stricta
1.00
0.38
0.44
0.83
Themeda australis
1.00
0.22
0.29
0.47
Aristida vagans
0.44
0.06
0.17
0.14
Panicum simile
0.44
0.06
0.17
0.14
56
Hunter Valley Moist Forest (12)
Average similarity: 45.77
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
1.56
1.44
2.79
3.15
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.44
1.30
3.58
2.85
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
1.11
0.64
0.76
1.40
Lepidosperma laterale
0.78
0.35
0.58
0.77
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.67
1.50
1.66
3.29
Desmodium gunnii
1.22
0.75
0.78
1.64
Pratia purpurascens
0.78
0.26
0.41
0.58
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.67
0.19
0.30
0.41
Dichondra repens
0.67
0.18
0.30
0.39
Viola hederacea
0.56
0.12
0.28
0.26
Ground Orchid
Acianthus fornicatus
0.78
0.27
0.42
0.59
Pterostylis spp.
0.56
0.12
0.28
0.27
Pterostylis longifolia
0.56
0.12
0.28
0.26
Twiner
Eustrephus latifolius
1.78
1.78
3.32
3.88
Parsonsia straminea
1.33
0.98
1.04
2.13
Pandorea pandorana
1.44
0.94
1.04
2.05
Dioscorea transversa
1.22
0.85
1.00
1.85
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.11
0.75
1.04
1.64
Smilax australis
1.11
0.66
0.76
1.44
Hardenbergia violacea
0.89
0.65
1.16
1.41
Smilax glyciphylla
0.89
0.42
0.56
0.92
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
0.89
0.41
0.57
0.89
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.67
0.30
0.61
0.66
Billardiera scandens
0.67
0.22
0.41
0.48
Glycine clandestina
0.67
0.22
0.41
0.47
Sarcopetalum harveyanum
0.56
0.18
0.44
0.40
Hibbertia scandens
0.56
0.12
0.28
0.26
Hibbertia dentata
0.33
0.09
0.30
0.21
Stephania japonica var. discolor
0.33
0.10
0.30
0.21
Cayratia clematidea
0.44
0.09
0.30
0.19
Kennedia rubicunda
0.33
0.09
0.30
0.19
Morinda jasminoides
0.56
0.07
0.17
0.15
57
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest Unit 12a
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Grey Gum grass/ shrub open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (071)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Valley Moist Forest (MU12)
General Description:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest is typified by the presence of Eucalyptus pilularis with Corymbia
maculata in the canopy, with common understorey species including Daviesia ulicifolia, Acacia implexa, Pultenaea
villosa, Billardieria scandens, Entolasia stricta and Dianella caerulea. In the current mapping, it occurs only on the lower
hinterland hills near Mandalong, and in a small area of Pulbah Island. Further investigation is required to determine the
relationship of this community with other vegetation in Units 12 and 15. In particular, it may simply be a lower-elevation,
moister form of Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum – Blackbutt Forest (MU9d).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum with Blackbutt
moderately dense mid-storey of Gorse Bitter-pea, Hairy Bush-pea and Hickory Wattle
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 27 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWN18
58
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest (12a)
Average similarity: 33.33
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus pilularis
4.00
6.35
-
19.05
Corymbia maculata
3.50
4.76
-
14.29
Shrub
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
3.00
3.17
-
9.52
Acacia implexa
1.00
1.59
-
4.76
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.50
1.59
-
4.76
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
3.17
-
9.52
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.59
-
4.76
Lomandra longifolia
1.50
1.59
-
4.76
Herb
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.00
1.59
-
4.76
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
2.00
3.17
-
9.52
Eustrephus latifolius
2.00
3.17
-
9.52
Smilax australis
1.00
1.59
-
4.76
59
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum – Turpentine Forest Unit 12b
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Grey Gum grass/ shrub open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (071)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Valley Moist Forest (MU12)
General Description:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum – Turpentine Forest was previously recorded within parts of Jilliby SCA (outside of
Lake Macquarie LGA), and has now also been noted at the top end of the Mandalong Valley. In this area, common
species include Corymbia maculata, Syncarpis glomulifera, Eucalyptus propinqua and Allocasuarina torulosa in the
canopy, over shrubs such as Glochidion ferdinandi, Acacia prominens, and Acrotriche divaricata. Ground layer
vegetation includes Lomandra longifolia, Entolasia stricta and Poa labilliarderi. This occurrence may not differ
significantly from other MU12 types, and full sampling is required.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum, Turpentine, Forest Oak and Small-fruited Grey Gum
mid-storey of Cheese Tree and Wattles
ground layer of Lomandra, grasses and herbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 19 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
60
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Turpentine Forest (12b)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Corymbia maculata
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus propinqua
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus acmenioides
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Acacia prominens
-
-
-
√
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
√
Choricarpia leptopetala
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Acrotriche divaricata
-
-
-
√
Leucopogon muticus
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Poa labillardierei
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
√
61
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest Unit 12c
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Grey Gum grass/ shrub open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (071)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Valley Moist Forest (MU12)
General Description:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest has been mapped extensively on sheltered slopes in the Mandalong
region of the LGA, generally in the vicinity of Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (MU15). Despite this, only
very limited sampling has been completed there, and hence true relationships with related types are yet to be
determined. Dominated by Corymbia maculata with Eucalyptus paniculata and/or Eucalyptus siderophloia. Eucalyptus
punctata may be locally present but is not consistent, and in many areas Eucalyptus fergusonii and Eucalyptus
microcorys are also locally common. This and the closely related northern unit Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum –
Ironbark Forest (MU12d) require detailed revision, as it is possible that floristically they are very similar.
Characteristic Features:
occurs on low hills and slopes in the Mandalong district
canopy of Spotted Gum with Ironbarks
mid-storey of mesic shrubs
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 578 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
62
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (12c)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Corymbia maculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus paniculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus siderophloia
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus acmenioides
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Callistemon salignus
-
-
-
√
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Acrotriche divaricata
-
-
-
√
Daviesia ulicifolia
-
-
-
√
Leucopogon juniperinus
-
-
-
√
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
√
Podolobium aciculiferum
-
-
-
√
Olearia tomentosa
-
-
-
√
Ground Fern
Doodia aspera
-
-
-
√
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
√
Poa affinis
-
-
-
√
Poa labillardierei
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
√
Dianella caerulea
-
-
-
√
63
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Fergusons Forest Unit 12d
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Valley Moist Forest (MU12)
General Description:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest is one of several communities where Corymbia maculata is
prominent in the canopy. It is a specific form of the broader Hunter Valley Moist Forest (MU12), dominated by Corymbia
maculata, Eucalyptus acmenoides, Allocasuarina torulosa and Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii. Eucalyptus
punctata and Syncarpia glomulifera may also be present in some areas. The mesic shrub layer includes Melaleuca
styphelioides, Indigofera australis, Rhodamnia rubescens, Acrotricha divaricata, Croton verreauxii, and Cordyline stricta.
Ground layer species include Oplismenus imbecillus, Smilax australis, Gymnostachys anceps, Adiantum formosum,
Doodia aspera and Dichondra repens. This more northern community is very closely related to Hunter Valley Moist
Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (MU12c) occurring in the south of the LGA around Mandalong, and the two require
careful revision.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Spotted Gum and White Mahogany, Forest Oak and Fergusons Ironbark
mid-storey of mesic species such as Austral Indigo, Croton, Scrub Turpentine and Cordyline
ground layer of grasses and vines
occurs on sheltered mid to lower slopes in the NW of the LGA
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 909 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
WLS94
64
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Fergusons Forest (12d)
Average similarity: 34.39
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Allocasuarina torulosa
1.75
1.60
2.77
4.65
Eucalyptus acmenoides
2.25
1.26
0.83
3.68
Corymbia maculata
2.25
1.22
0.88
3.54
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
1.00
0.52
0.90
1.52
Eucalyptus punctata
1.25
0.38
0.41
1.10
Angophora floribunda
0.75
0.20
0.41
0.59
Eucalyptus umbra
1.25
0.20
0.41
0.58
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
1.50
0.68
0.85
1.98
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
Trochocarpa laurina
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
Shrub
Acrotriche divaricata
0.75
0.59
0.91
1.72
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
0.53
0.90
1.54
Myrsine variabilis
1.00
0.52
0.90
1.52
Clerodendrum tomentosum
0.75
0.51
0.91
1.47
Persoonia linearis
0.75
0.51
0.91
1.47
Rubus parvifolius
1.00
0.51
0.91
1.47
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.75
0.20
0.41
0.59
Cordyline stricta
0.75
0.17
0.41
0.49
Eupomatia laurina
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
Maytenus silvestris
0.50
0.16
0.41
0.46
Low Shrub
Plectranthus parviflorus
0.50
0.19
0.41
0.55
Ground Fern
Doodia aspera
1.25
0.68
0.85
1.98
Pteridium esculentum
0.50
0.20
0.41
0.59
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.50
2.34
4.12
6.80
Imperata cylindrica
1.75
1.61
2.69
4.67
Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei
1.50
0.68
0.85
1.98
Echinopogon ovatus
1.25
0.41
0.41
1.18
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.50
0.41
0.41
1.18
Entolasia marginata
1.00
0.32
0.41
0.93
Themeda australis
1.25
0.20
0.41
0.59
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.08
8.78
3.13
Lomandra longifolia
1.50
1.01
0.91
2.94
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
1.75
1.58
3.13
4.60
Herb
Dichondra repens
1.75
1.18
0.91
3.44
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.50
1.01
0.91
2.94
Oxalis perennans
1.00
0.59
0.91
1.72
Lagenophora stipitata
1.00
0.41
0.41
1.18
Pratia purpurascens
1.00
0.41
0.41
1.18
Desmodium gunnii
1.00
0.38
0.41
1.10
Viola hederacea
1.00
0.34
0.41
0.97
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
1.00
0.32
0.41
0.93
65
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
1.00
0.32
0.41
0.93
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.50
0.20
0.41
0.59
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.50
0.20
0.41
0.58
Sigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis
0.75
0.19
0.41
0.55
Galium binifolium
0.75
0.16
0.41
0.46
Twiner
Smilax australis
1.75
1.60
2.77
4.65
Glycine clandestina
1.75
1.58
3.13
4.60
Dioscorea transversa
1.50
1.23
3.66
3.58
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.25
1.08
8.78
3.13
Cissus hypoglauca
0.75
0.53
0.90
1.54
Eustrephus latifolius
1.00
0.38
0.41
1.10
Hibbertia scandens
0.50
0.19
0.41
0.55
Hardenbergia violacea
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
Morinda jasminoides
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
Pandorea pandorana
0.75
0.17
0.41
0.49
Parsonsia straminea
0.50
0.17
0.41
0.49
66
Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest Unit 25a
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Turpentine/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Broad-leaved Mahogany shrubby open forest on
sandstone ranges of the Central Coast (110)
LHCCREMS: Sheltered Dry Hawesbury Woodland (MU25)
General Description:
Sheltered upper slopes on Narrabeen Sandstone along the Sugarloaf Range, such as around The Gap, support
vegetation dominated by Eucalyptus piperita, Angophora costata, Allocasuarina torulosa and Corymbia gummifera.
Shrub species include Hibbertia aspera, Olearia tomentosa, Polyscias sambuccifolia, Gompholobium latifolium and
Gymnostachys anceps. The sparse ground layer typically supports Entolasia stricta, Brunoniella australis, Goodenia
heterophylla subsp. heterophylla, Poa affinis, and Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Sydney Peppermint, Smooth-barked Apple, Forest Oak and Red Bloodwood
mid-storey of Rough Guinea Flower, Soft Olearia, and Broad-leaf Wedge-pea
sparse ground layer of grasses such as Wiry Panic and Basket Grass, and various herbs
occurs on sheltered upper slopes on Narrabeen geology
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 9 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSO9
67
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest (25a)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
-
-
-
4.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
3.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
2.00
Eucalyptus acmenoides
-
-
-
2.00
Eucalyptus punctata
-
-
-
2.00
Angophora costata
-
-
-
1.00
Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
-
-
-
2.00
Trochocarpa laurina
-
-
-
1.00
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Rubus parvifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Platysace lanceolata
-
-
-
2.00
Gompholobium latifolium
-
-
-
2.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
-
-
-
1.00
Pultenaea retusa
-
-
-
1.00
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Doryanthes excelsa
-
-
-
1.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Myrsine variabilis
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
2.00
Calochlaena dubia
-
-
-
2.00
Doodia aspera
-
-
-
2.00
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
1.00
Blechnum cartilagineum
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Poa affinis
-
-
-
5.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
3.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Echinopogon ovatus
-
-
-
2.00
Dichelachne micrantha
-
-
-
2.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
2.00
Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Gymnostachys anceps
-
-
-
2.00
Gahnia melanocarpa
-
-
-
1.00
Lepidosperma elatius
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
2.00
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
-
-
-
2.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
2.00
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Viola banksii
-
-
-
2.00
68
Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest (25a)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Geranium homeanum
-
-
-
1.00
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
-
-
-
1.00
Desmodium gunnii
-
-
-
1.00
Libertia paniculata
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Caladenia catenata
-
-
-
2.00
Twiner
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
2.00
Smilax australis
-
-
-
2.00
Eustrephus latifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
1.00
Hardenbergia violacea
-
-
-
1.00
Dioscorea transversa
-
-
-
1.00
Cissus hypoglauca
-
-
-
1.00
69
Dry Forests (Coastal Ranges)
70
Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest Unit 9b
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Blackbutt - Smooth-barked Apple - Forest Oak shrub/forb open forest on ranges of
the Central Coast, Sydney Basin Bioregion
GHV: Blackbutt/ Rough-barked Apple/ Turpentine/ ferny tall open forest of the Central
Coast (046)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest occurs along the drier parts of the Watagan Mountains and Sugarloaf Range.
Characteristically, it comprises a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus pilularis, together with Allocasuarina torulosa and
Angophora floribunda. Understorey vegetation is generally sparse, but includes Pteridium esculentum, Imperata
cylindrica var. major, Lepidosperma laterale, Acacia implexa and Themeda australis. Commonly impacted upon by past
logging practices.
Characteristic Features:
occurs on mid to upper slopes on steep hills
canopy dominated by Blackbutt, Forest Oak and Rough-barked Apple
sparse shrub layer of Bracken and Hickory Wattle
ground layer of Blady Grass, Kangaroo Grass and herbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1808 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSG6
71
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest (9b)
Average similarity: 37.66
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Allocasuarina torulosa
3.50
4.35
8.28
11.55
Eucalyptus pilularis
3.75
4.17
2.50
11.08
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
1.25
0.92
0.79
2.44
Corymbia gummifera
1.50
0.43
0.41
1.15
Eucalyptus punctata
1.25
0.41
0.41
1.09
Angophora floribunda
1.00
0.26
0.41
0.69
Angophora costata
1.00
0.22
0.41
0.59
Shrub
Maytenus silvestris
1.75
2.06
2.77
5.46
Persoonia linearis
1.50
1.36
0.91
3.61
Platysace lanceolata
1.25
0.68
0.91
1.80
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.75
0.48
0.41
1.28
Acacia implexa
1.00
0.43
0.41
1.15
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.75
0.20
0.41
0.54
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.00
0.22
0.41
0.57
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.50
3.00
4.30
7.96
Imperata cylindrica
2.00
2.09
2.50
5.54
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.50
1.29
0.91
3.42
Themeda australis
2.00
1.29
0.91
3.42
Panicum simile
1.25
0.43
0.41
1.15
Paspalidium distans
1.00
0.43
0.41
1.15
Aristida vagans
1.25
0.41
0.41
1.09
Oplismenus imbecillis
0.50
0.26
0.41
0.69
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.75
2.06
2.77
5.46
Lomandra longifolia
1.75
2.02
3.28
5.37
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
1.00
0.41
0.41
1.09
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.75
0.20
0.41
0.54
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.50
1.42
0.91
3.76
Gahnia melanocarpa
0.50
0.26
0.41
0.69
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
1.50
1.29
0.91
3.42
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.25
0.88
0.85
2.35
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.00
0.45
0.41
1.19
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.50
1.36
0.91
3.61
Eustrephus latifolius
0.75
0.26
0.41
0.69
Hibbertia dentata
0.50
0.26
0.41
0.69
Pandorea pandorana
0.50
0.26
0.41
0.69
Smilax australis
0.50
0.26
0.41
0.69
Parsonsia straminea
0.75
0.22
0.41
0.59
Glycine clandestina
0.75
0.22
0.41
0.57
Epiphytic Orchid
Cymbidium suave
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.64
72
Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest Unit 9d
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest represents a dry grassy variant of the wider Coastal Ranges open
forests, occuring west of Cooranbong and Wyee. It may represent a disturbed form of Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt
Forest (MU9b), again occurring in the vicinity of that unit and Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (MU15). It
is characterised in the canopy by Eucalyptus pilularis and Corymbia maculata, but other important species include
Angophora costata and Allocasuarina torulosa. The understorey supports species such as the shrubs Acacia ulicifolia,
Bossiaea obcordata and Gompholobium latifolium, with a ground layer of Themeda australis, Aristida vagans, Entolasia
stricta, Gonocarpus tetragynus and Imperata cylindrica.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Blackbutt, Spotted Gum, Smooth-barked Apple and Forest Oak
sparse mid-storey of Peas
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, where Kangaroo Grass and Wire Grasses are prominent
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1314 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS66
73
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest (9d)
Average similarity: 52.56
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.00
3.85
-
7.32
Eucalyptus pilularis
3.00
3.85
-
7.32
Corymbia maculata
2.50
2.56
-
4.88
Allocasuarina torulosa
2.00
1.28
-
2.44
Shrub
Acacia ulicifolia
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Bossiaea obcordata
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Gompholobium latifolium
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Leucopogon juniperinus
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Persoonia linearis
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Grass
Themeda australis
3.50
3.85
-
7.32
Aristida vagans
2.50
2.56
-
4.88
Entolasia stricta
2.50
2.56
-
4.88
Imperata cylindrica
2.00
2.56
-
4.88
Eragrostis brownii
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Panicum simile
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Lomandra obliqua
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
2.00
2.56
-
4.88
Boronia polygalifolia
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Glycine clandestina
1.50
1.28
-
2.44
Hibbertia scandens
1.00
1.28
-
2.44
74
Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint - Blackbutt Forest Unit 9f
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint - Blackbutt Forest is perhaps an ecotonal community occurring at the interface of
remnant Hawkesbury sandstone geology and older Narrabeen sediments. It is characterised in the canopy by
Eucalyptus piperita and Eucalyptus pilularis, but other species such as Corymbia gummifera, Allocasuarina torulosa,
Banksia serrata and Eucalyptus scias also occur. Common understorey species include Pteridium esculentum,
Podolobium ilicifolium, Persoonia linearis, Acacia implexa, Dampiera stricta, Entolasia stricta and Imperata cylindrica.
This community is very closely related to Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest (MU26h), and with further data
collection and analysis the two may be merged.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Sydney Peppermint with Blackbutt, but Red Bloodwood, Old Man Banksia and Large-fruited
Mahogany also prominent
mid-storey of Bracken, Geebung, Hickory Wattle and Prickly Shaggy Pea
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 430 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS73
75
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint – Blackbutt Forest (9f)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus sieberi
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus scias
-
-
-
√
Corymbia gummifera
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
√
Persoonia levis
-
-
-
√
Gompholobium latifolium
-
-
-
√
Acrotriche divaricata
-
-
-
√
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cistmontanum
-
-
-
√
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
-
-
-
√
Acacia ulicifolia
-
-
-
√
Lomatia silaifolia
-
-
-
√
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Caustis flexuosa
-
-
-
√
76
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest Unit 9h
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Tallowwood/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Blackbutt grass tall open forest of the Central
and lower North Coast (038)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Ranges Open Forest (MU9)
General Description:
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest represents a variant of Coastal Ranges open forest from the
Martinsville Valley where Eucalyptus microcorys is characteristic, and co-occurs with Eucalyptus pilularis. Other canopy
species present include Allocasuarina torulosa and Syncarpia glomulifera. Understorey vegetation includes Platysace
lanceolata, Pteridium esculentum, Gompholobium virgatum, Persoonia linearis, Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta,
Goodenia heterophylla and Dianella caerulea. Further data collection and analysis is required to clarify relationships with
other similar communities within the Coastal Ranges open forest complex.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Tallowood and Blackbutt, with Forest Oak and some Turpentine
mid-storey of Geebung, Shrubby Platysace, Leafy Wedge Pea and Bracken
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, particularly Kangaroo Grass and Wiry Panic
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 381 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
77
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest (9h)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
3.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
3.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
1.00
Eucalyptus umbra
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Acacia schinoides
-
-
-
1.00
Cryptocarya rigida
-
-
-
1.00
Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum
-
-
-
1.00
Trochocarpa laurina
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Platysace lanceolata
-
-
-
3.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia implexa
-
-
-
2.00
Gompholobium virgatum
-
-
-
2.00
Podolobium ilicifolium
-
-
-
2.00
Maytenus silvestris
-
-
-
1.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
-
-
-
1.00
Astrotricha floccosa
-
-
-
1.00
Clerodendrum tomentosum
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Blechnum cartilagineum
-
-
-
2.00
Calochlaena dubia
-
-
-
2.00
Cyathea australis
-
-
-
1.00
Lindsaea microphylla
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Themeda australis
-
-
-
2.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
2.00
Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei
-
-
-
2.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
1.00
Dichelachne micrantha
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
2.00
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
-
-
-
2.00
Gonocarpus teucrioides
-
-
-
2.00
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
-
-
-
2.00
Lagenophora stipitata
-
-
-
2.00
Schelhammera undulata
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
1.00
78
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest (9h)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
-
-
-
1.00
Arrhenechthites mixta
-
-
-
1.00
Galium binifolium
-
-
-
1.00
Oxalis chnoodes
-
-
-
1.00
Senecio amygdalifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Viola hederacea
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Pterostylis spp.
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Hibbertia scandens
-
-
-
2.00
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
2.00
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
1.00
Cissus hypoglauca
-
-
-
1.00
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
-
-
-
1.00
Dioscorea transversa
-
-
-
1.00
79
Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest Unit 21a
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Gum/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Blue-leaved Stringybark shrub/ grass open forest
on coastal ranges of the Sydney Basin (104)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Range Grey Gum Forest (MU21)
General Description:
Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest occurs on exposed and rocky sandstone escarpment edges and spur ends
within the Watagan Ranges. Prominent canopy species include Angophora costata, Eucalyptus agglomerata and
Eucalyptus umbra. The understorey varies between sparse and dense, but invariably includes Podolobium aciculiferum,
Cassinia cunninghamii, Daviesia ulicifolia and Leucopogon lanceolatus. Ground layer species are typified by Lomandra
confertifolia subsp. rubiginosa, Lepidosperma laterale, Aristida vagans and Austrostipa pubescens. This community is
similar to others within the Hunter Range dry forests, and some further clarifications are required.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Smooth-barked Apple with Blue-leaf Stringybark and Bastard Mahogany
open to dense mid-storey of Needle Shaggy Pea, Cunninghams Everlasting and Gorse Bitter Pea
ground layer of Mat-rush, with scattered grasses such as Three-awn Speargrass
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 16 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRSA5
80
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest (21a)
Average similarity: 54.87
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.50
5.31
-
9.68
Eucalyptus agglomerata
3.00
5.31
-
9.68
Eucalyptus umbra
3.00
5.31
-
9.68
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
4.00
5.31
-
9.68
Cassinia cunninghamii
2.00
3.54
-
6.45
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
2.50
3.54
-
6.45
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
1.00
1.77
-
3.23
Olearia tomentosa
1.50
1.77
-
3.23
Persoonia linearis
1.50
1.77
-
3.23
Platysace lanceolata
1.50
1.77
-
3.23
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
1.50
1.77
-
3.23
Grass
Aristida vagans
1.50
1.77
-
3.23
Austrostipa pubescens
1.50
1.77
-
3.23
Graminoid
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. rubiginosa
5.00
8.85
-
16.13
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
2.00
3.54
-
6.45
Mistletoe
Dendrophthoe vitellina
1.00
1.77
-
3.23
81
Hunter Range Dry Ironbark – Grey Gum Forest Unit 21d
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Grey Gum/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Blue-leaved Stringybark shrub/ grass open
forest on coastal ranges of the Sydney Basin (104)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Range Grey Gum Forest (MU21)
General Description:
Hunter Range Dry Ironbark – Grey Gum Forest is currently mapped for a single location at the top of the Martinsville
Valley, and is yet to be sampled in detail. With further investigation this community may simply be seen as a localised
form of the more widespread Hunter Ranges Dry Stringybark – Blackbutt Forest (MU21g), where Eucalyptus punctata
and Eucalyptus paniculata are dominant. Other canopy species present in this community include Eucalyptus
agglomerata, Allocasuarina torulosa, Syncarpia glomulifera and Eucalyptus acmenioides. Eucalyptus pilularis is also
present in some parts. No data on understorey species is yet available.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Grey Gum and Grey Ironbark, with Blue-leaf Stringybark, Forest Oak and Turpentine
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 7 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
82
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Hunter Range Dry Ironbark – Grey Gum Forest (21d)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Eucalyptus paniculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus punctata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus agglomerata
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
√
83
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Grey Gum Forest Unit 21e
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Grey Gum/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Blue-leaved Stringybark shrub/ grass open
forest on coastal ranges of the Sydney Basin (104)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Range Grey Gum Forest (MU21)
General Description:
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Grey Gum Forest is currently mapped from only a single location within Lake Macquarie
LGA, along Lemon Tree Road in the Jilliby Ranges. It is a dry, rocky low forest with many eucalypts present but no clear
dominants. As with MU21d, this community is yet to be sampled in detail, but key canopy species include Eucalyptus
acmenioides, Eucalyptus umbra, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus scias, Syncarpia glomulifera
and Eucalyptus agglomerata. No data on understorey species is yet available. Further investigation is required to
ascertain relationships between this community and other closely related units within the Hunter Range forest complex.
It is likely that sampling and analysis will reveal this community to be a localised form of the more widespread Hunter
Ranges Dry Stringybark – Blackbutt Forest (MU21g).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of a range of species, but White Mahogany, Bastard Mahogany, Grey Gum, Tallowwood and Blue-leaf
Stringybark tend to dominate
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 5 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
84
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Grey Gum Forest (21e)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Eucalyptus acmenioides
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus punctata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus umbra
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus scias
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomuliera
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus agglomerata
-
-
-
√
85
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Apple Forest Unit 21f
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Range Grey Gum Forest (MU21)
General Description:
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Apple Forest is a variable community that generally supports Eucalyptus umbra as the
key dominant species, but with any of Angophora floribunda, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus fergusonii, Eucalyptus
agglomerata, Eucalyptus punctata and Allocasuarina torulosa often present. This community is generally best developed
on exposed rocky spur ends and exposed slopes within Jilliby State Conservation Area, off Prickly Ridge Road.
Understorey vegetation commonly includes Podolobium aciculiferum, with Olearia tomentosa, Asterolasia correifolia,
Entolasia stricta, Paspalidium distans, Paspalidium criniforme and Lomandra longifolia. Further sampling and analysis is
required to determine the relationship of this community with other forms of Hunter Range forest types.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Bastard Mahogany, Rough-barked Apple, Ironbarks, Blue-leaf Stringybark and Grey Gum
mid-storey of Needle Shaggy Pea, Toothed Daisy-bush and Asterolasia
sparse ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 92 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRSA7
86
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany - Apple Forest (21f)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus agglomerata
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii
-
-
-
3.00
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
2.00
Eucalyptus punctata
-
-
-
2.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
1.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
-
-
-
5.00
Asterolasia correifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Olearia tomentosa
-
-
-
1.00
Maytenus silvestris
-
-
-
1.00
Exocarpos strictus
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
2.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
2.00
Paspalidium criniforme
-
-
-
2.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
1.00
Austrodanthonia monticola
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
2.00
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Parsonsia straminea
-
-
-
1.00
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
1.00
Pandorea pandorana
-
-
-
1.00
87
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest Unit 21g
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Gum/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Blue-leaved Stringybark shrub/ grass open forest
on coastal ranges of the Sydney Basin (104)
LHCCREMS: Hunter Range Grey Gum Forest (MU21)
General Description:
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest is floristically similar to Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Apple Forest
(MU21f), and some further investigation is required to determine the status of both. Hunter Range Dry Stringybark -
Blackbutt Forest is dominated by a canopy of Eucalyptus agglomerata and Eucalyptus pilularis, with other species such
as Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Allocasuarina torulosa and Angophora floribunda also present. While
Eucalyptus agglomerata is occasionally present in MU21f, it is clearly not a dominant feature as it is in this community.
Understorey species include Acacia implexa, Podolobium aciculiferum and Acacia ulicifolia, with Entolasia stricta,
Cleistochloa rigida and Panicum simile on the ground.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Blue-leaf Stringybark and Blackbutt, with Grey Gum, Ironbark Forest Oak and Rough-barked Apple
mid-storey of Needle Shaggy Pea, Hickory Wattle and Prickly Moses
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, notable Wiry Panic and Cleistochloa
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 119 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS67
88
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest (21g)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus agglomerata
-
-
-
5.00
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
2.00
Eucalyptus punctata
-
-
-
2.00
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
1.00
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
1.00
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
-
-
-
6.00
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia implexa
-
-
-
1.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Cassinia arcuata
-
-
-
1.00
Cassinia cunninghamii
-
-
-
1.00
Jacksonia scoparia
-
-
-
1.00
Olearia tomentosa
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
-
-
-
1.00
Plectranthus parviflorus
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Eragrostis brownii
-
-
-
2.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
1.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
1.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
1.00
Digitaria ramularis
-
-
-
1.00
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
1.00
Aristida vagans
-
-
-
1.00
Cleistochloa rigida
-
-
-
1.00
Cymbopogon refractus
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
1.00
Poranthera microphylla
-
-
-
1.00
Goodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Pterostylis nutans
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
1.00
Parsonsia straminea
-
-
-
1.00
Pandorea pandorana
-
-
-
1.00
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
1.00
Passiflora herbertiana subsp. herbertiana
-
-
-
1.00
89
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest (21g)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Mistletoe
Amyema spp.
-
-
-
1.00
90
Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest Unit 26h
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Turpentine/ Smooth-barked Apple/ Broad-leaved Mahogany shrubby open forest on
sandstone ranges of the Central Coast (110)
LHCCREMS: Exposed Hawkesbury Woodland (MU26)
General Description:
Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest occurs only on remnant Hawkesbury Sandstone geology in and around ‘The
Pines’ picnic area in Olney State Forest. It is dominated in the canopy by Eucalyptus sieberi, Eucalyptus piperita,
Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus scias, and Banksia serrata, over an understorey of species such as Banksia spinulosa,
Acacia kulnurensis, Lambertia formosa, Xylomelum pyriforme, Styphelia tubiflora, Caustis flexuosa, Comesperma
defoliatum, Lomandra cylindrica, and Tetrarhena juncea. Vegetation in this unit is more typical of that found on
Hawkesbury Sandstone further to the south and west, where that geological strata outcrops more consistently.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Silver-top Ash, Sydney Peppermint, Red Bloodwood, Large-fruited Mahogany and Old Man Banksia
rich mid-storey of Banksia, Wattles, Peas and Geebungs
sparse ground layer of small sub-shrubs, dry sedges, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 42 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRSA1
91
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest (26h)
Average similarity: 46.07
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
4.33
4.57
3.08
9.93
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
2.00
1.66
2.35
3.60
Corymbia gummifera
2.00
1.23
0.58
2.68
Eucalyptus scias subsp. scias
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.82
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
2.00
1.23
0.58
2.68
Shrub
Gompholobium latifolium
2.67
2.90
4.17
6.30
Acacia ulicifolia
2.33
2.49
104.87
5.40
Platysace linearifolia
2.33
2.49
104.87
5.40
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.67
0.84
0.58
1.82
Acacia suaveolens
1.33
0.82
0.58
1.79
Bossiaea heterophylla
1.33
0.82
0.58
1.79
Persoonia levis
1.33
0.82
0.58
1.79
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Persoonia linearis
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.00
0.41
0.58
0.89
Lomatia silaifolia
0.67
0.41
0.58
0.89
Telopea speciosissima
1.00
0.41
0.58
0.89
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
2.33
2.49
104.87
5.40
Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada
1.67
1.66
2.26
3.61
Ground Fern
Lindsaea linearis
1.67
1.66
2.35
3.60
Pteridium esculentum
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.82
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.49
104.87
5.40
Tetrarrhena juncea
2.00
2.49
104.87
5.40
Imperata cylindrica
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.82
Graminoid
Patersonia glabrata
2.00
2.49
104.87
5.40
Lomandra longifolia
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Sedge
Caustis flexuosa
1.67
0.82
0.58
1.79
Lepidosperma laterale
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Herb
Scaevola ramosissima
1.67
1.66
2.32
3.60
Viola hederacea
1.00
0.41
0.58
0.90
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.67
1.66
2.35
3.60
Hibbertia dentata
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.82
Glycine clandestina
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Hibbertia scandens
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Kennedia rubicunda
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
Smilax australis
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.91
92
Dry Forests (Coastal Sand)
93
Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest Unit 33
Keith Class: Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Blackbutt/ Old Man Banksia woodland on coastal sands of
the Central and Lower North Coast (128)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Apple-Blackbutt Forest (MU33)
General Description:
Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest occurs on coastal sand bodies within parts of Awabakal Nature Reserve and in
the Jewells Swamp area. It is dominated by Eucalyptus pilularis with Angophora costata and Corymbia gummifera, and
Banksia serrata is also prominent. The understorey includes species such as Bossiaea rhombifolia, Pteridium
esculentum, Acacia longifolia, Ricinocarpus pinifolius and Acacia terminalis, over a sparse ground layer of Dianella
caerulea, Lomandra longifolia and Poa affinis.
Characteristic Features:
occurs on sandy wind-blown soils
canopy of Blackbutt, Smooth-barked Apple, Red Bloodwood and Old Man Banksia
mid-storey of Peas and Wattles, Wedding Bush and Ti-tree
ground layer of Paroo Lily, Spiny Mat-rush, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 160 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWN28
94
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest (33)
Average similarity: 38.72
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.67
4.59
5.97
11.85
Eucalyptus pilularis
2.67
1.75
0.58
4.53
Corymbia gummifera
2.33
1.36
0.58
3.51
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
2.00
1.83
2.37
4.73
Allocasuarina littoralis
1.00
0.49
0.58
1.26
Shrub
Bossiaea rhombifolia subsp. rhombifolia
2.33
2.26
1.54
5.83
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.67
1.83
2.37
4.73
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
1.67
1.83
2.37
4.73
Acacia terminalis
1.33
1.38
18.70
3.56
Eriostemon australasius
1.33
1.38
18.70
3.56
Leptospermum trinervium
1.33
1.38
18.70
3.56
Aotus ericoides
1.33
0.91
0.58
2.34
Dillwynia retorta
1.67
0.91
0.58
2.34
Acacia suaveolens
1.33
0.88
0.58
2.27
Monotoca scoparia
1.00
0.49
0.58
1.26
Correa reflexa var. reflexa
1.00
0.45
0.58
1.17
Persoonia levis
0.67
0.45
0.58
1.17
Persoonia linearis
0.67
0.45
0.58
1.17
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.67
0.45
0.58
1.17
Isopogon anemonifolius
1.00
0.44
0.58
1.13
Low Shrub
Tetratheca thymifolia
1.67
0.91
0.58
2.34
Pomax umbellata
1.00
0.45
0.58
1.17
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
3.33
3.21
4.18
8.29
Cycad
Macrozamia communis
1.00
0.45
0.58
1.17
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.00
0.88
0.58
2.27
Grass
Poa affinis
1.33
0.91
0.58
2.34
Entolasia stricta
1.00
0.49
0.58
1.26
Digitaria ramularis
1.00
0.44
0.58
1.13
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.67
1.83
2.37
4.73
Lomandra longifolia
1.67
1.83
2.37
4.73
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.33
0.91
0.58
2.34
Xanthosia pilosa
0.67
0.45
0.58
1.17
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
0.67
0.45
0.58
1.17
95
Pelican Bangalay Forest Unit 33c
Keith Class: Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Old Man Banksia/ Rough-barked Apple/ Bangalay shrubby open forest on coastal
sands of the Central Coast (127)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Apple-Blackbutt Forest (MU33)
General Description:
Pelican Bangalay Forest occurs on the poorly drained sandy plains and rises in the Belmont South and Pelican Flats
area. Floistically, this community has strong affinities to the Umina Coastal Sandplain Woodland EEC from the Gosford
LGA, but under current legislation this type is not included in that community. In Pelican Bangalay Forest, Eucalyptus
botryoides dominates the canopy with Angophora costata, Banksia serrata, and some Corymbia gummifera.
Understorey vegetation includes Aotus ericoides, Monotoca elliptica, Acacia longifolia, Pimelea linifolia, Acacia
suaveolens, Pteridium esculentum, Lomandra longifolia, Pomax umbellata and Imperata cylindrica.
Characteristic Features:
occurs on sandy wind-blown soils
canopy of Bangalay Gum, Smooth-barked apple and Old Man Banksia
mid-storey of Peas, Wattles and Bracken
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 9 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWN78
96
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 6 plots]:
Pelican Bangalay Forest (33c)
Average similarity: 45.64
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus botryoides
2.00
2.24
0.73
4.91
Angophora costata
1.50
1.61
0.77
3.53
Eucalyptus robusta
0.50
0.39
0.48
0.85
Corymbia gummifera
0.50
0.13
0.26
0.28
Melaleuca quinquenervia
0.33
0.13
0.26
0.28
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
2.33
3.81
5.54
8.34
Shrub
Aotus ericoides
1.67
2.35
1.33
5.14
Monotoca elliptica
1.50
2.14
1.16
4.69
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.33
2.02
4.01
4.42
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
1.50
1.51
1.22
3.30
Acacia suaveolens
1.00
1.19
1.32
2.61
Acacia ulicifolia
1.17
0.97
0.71
2.12
Woollsia pungens
1.33
0.94
0.74
2.06
Banksia aemula
1.17
0.91
0.76
1.98
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.00
0.83
0.74
1.82
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
0.83
0.47
0.47
1.02
Leptospermum laevigatum
0.67
0.43
0.47
0.95
Gompholobium latifolium
0.67
0.37
0.48
0.80
Dillwynia retorta
0.67
0.25
0.26
0.56
Omalanthus nutans
0.50
0.15
0.26
0.33
Exocarpos cupressiformis
0.50
0.11
0.26
0.25
Correa reflexa var. reflexa
0.50
0.10
0.26
0.22
Eriostemon australasius
0.50
0.10
0.26
0.22
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
1.67
2.38
1.32
5.21
Platysace ericoides
0.67
0.20
0.26
0.44
Hibbertia fasciculata
0.33
0.10
0.26
0.22
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
3.67
5.48
3.40
12.01
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
1.67
1.88
1.20
4.13
Themeda australis
0.50
0.10
0.26
0.22
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
2.17
3.09
3.66
6.78
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
1.48
0.78
3.25
Sedge
Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum
0.83
0.15
0.26
0.33
Ficinia nodosa
0.33
0.13
0.26
0.28
Gahnia clarkei
0.67
0.11
0.26
0.25
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.33
1.39
0.78
3.04
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.83
0.44
0.47
0.97
Mitrasacme polymorpha
0.67
0.19
0.26
0.42
Twiner
Kennedia rubicunda
1.50
2.29
2.56
5.01
Hardenbergia violacea
1.50
1.83
1.28
4.01
Billardiera scandens
0.83
0.45
0.44
0.99
Glycine clandestina
0.83
0.40
0.45
0.88
97
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest Unit 33d
Keith Class: Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple/ Blackbutt/ Old Man Banksia woodland on coastal sands of
the Central and Lower North Coast (128)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Apple-Blackbutt Forest (MU33)
General Description:
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest is dominated by a canopy of Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus paniculata,
Angophora costata and Allocasuarina torulosa. It occurs on a sandy substrate overlying bedrock, often on slopes, and
lies in close proximity to larger aeolian sand bodies, but lacks the full diversity of typical 'sand' species in the
understorey. Other species present include Acacia longifolia, Acacia falcata, Polyscias sambuccifolia, and Pteridium
esculentum, with the grasses Themeda australis, Imperata stricta, Entolasia stricta and Poa affinis prominent. At
present, this community is noted only for a small section of Awabakal Nature Reserve, and full revision is required to
determine its correct place in the classification. It may, for example, represent a minor variant of Coastal Narrabeen
Shrub Forest (MU22).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Blackbutt, Ironbark, Smooth-barked Apple and Forest Oak
mid-storey of Wattles, Elderberry Panax and Bracken
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 2 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
WLS07
98
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest (33d)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
-
-
-
3.00
Angophora costata
-
-
-
3.00
Shrub
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
4.00
Acacia falcata
-
-
-
2.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
2.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
-
-
-
2.00
Pultenaea villosa
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia ulicifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
-
-
-
1.00
Rubus parvifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Platysace lanceolata
-
-
-
1.00
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Pultenaea retusa
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia myrtifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Exocarpos cupressiformis
-
-
-
1.00
Notelaea longifolia f. intermedia
-
-
-
1.00
Prostrate Shrub
Hibbertia vestita
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
2.00
Lindsaea linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Themeda australis
-
-
-
5.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
3.00
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Poa affinis
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Echinopogon ovatus
-
-
-
2.00
Oplismenus aemulus
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma neesii
-
-
-
2.00
Leptocarpus tenax
-
-
-
1.00
Gahnia melanocarpa
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
2.00
Viola hederacea
-
-
-
2.00
Desmodium varians
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
1.00
Geranium homeanum
-
-
-
1.00
99
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest (33d)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tricoryne elatior
-
-
-
1.00
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Cryptostylis erecta
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
2.00
Eustrephus latifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
2.00
Polymeria calycina
-
-
-
2.00
Glycine microphylla
-
-
-
2.00
Cuscuta australis
-
-
-
2.00
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
1.00
Hardenbergia violacea
-
-
-
1.00
100
Sand Mantled Banksia Forest Unit 33m
Keith Class: Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple/ Blackbutt/ Old Man Banksia woodland on coastal sands of
the Central and Lower North Coast (128)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Apple-Blackbutt Forest (MU33)
General Description:
Sand Mantled Banksia Forest occurs in a few location in the south-east of Lake Macquarie LGA, such as near Catherine
Hill Bay and Swansea. It supports an open forest of Angophora costata, Banksia serrata and Corymbia gummifera on
sandy wind-blown deposits, and differs from Coastal Sand Apple – Blackbutt Forest most prominently in the absence of
Eucalyptus pilularis. Common understorey species include Monotoca elliptica, Persoonia linearis, Acacia longifolia,
Pteridium esculentum, Macrozamia communis, Gonocarpus teucrioides, Lomandra longifolia, and Themeda australis.
The few areas supporting this community occur on small and typically isolated wind-blown sand deposits, often overlying
Permian aged, clay-based sediments.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Smooth-barked Apple and Old Man Banksia, with some Red Bloodwood
mid-storey of Tree Broom-heath, Geebung, Bracken and Wattles
ground layer of Burrawang, Spiny Mat-rush and Kangaroo Grass
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 42 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHF4
101
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Sand Mantled Banksia Forest (33m)
Average similarity: 40.56
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.00
3.94
10.50
9.71
Corymbia gummifera
2.50
1.87
0.91
4.60
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
3.25
3.94
10.50
9.71
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.00
0.25
0.41
0.62
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
1.50
0.96
0.79
2.36
Acacia ulicifolia
1.25
0.81
0.84
2.01
Correa reflexa var. reflexa
1.25
0.81
0.84
2.01
Monotoca elliptica
1.75
0.75
0.41
1.85
Persoonia linearis
0.75
0.71
0.91
1.74
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
0.62
0.91
1.53
Aotus ericoides
1.00
0.41
0.41
1.01
Bossiaea heterophylla
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Dillwynia retorta
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Dodonaea triquetra
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Hibbertia linearis
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Persoonia levis
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Acacia suaveolens
0.75
0.19
0.41
0.47
Gompholobium latifolium
0.75
0.19
0.41
0.47
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
1.00
0.45
0.41
1.11
Tetratheca thymifolia
1.00
0.45
0.41
1.11
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
4.25
4.87
3.46
12.00
Cycad
Macrozamia communis
2.25
2.13
2.41
5.24
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
2.00
2.63
10.50
6.47
Themeda australis
1.50
1.52
3.16
3.74
Anisopogon avenaceus
1.25
0.38
0.41
0.94
Oplismenus imbecillis
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.57
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
2.00
2.63
10.50
6.47
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.25
0.96
0.79
2.36
Lomandra glauca
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
2.00
2.63
10.50
6.47
Pratia purpurascens
1.00
0.50
0.41
1.24
Xanthosia pilosa
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.94
Commelina cyanea
0.75
0.25
0.41
0.62
Dichondra repens
0.75
0.25
0.41
0.62
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.00
0.63
0.91
1.56
Stephania japonica var. discolor
1.00
0.50
0.41
1.24
Glycine clandestina
1.00
0.46
0.41
1.13
Hardenbergia violacea
0.75
0.21
0.41
0.51
102
Dry Forests (Spotted Gum-Ironbark)
103
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest Unit 15
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Grey Gum grass/ shrub open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (071)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (in the broad sense) is dominated in the canopy by Eucalyptus
siderophloia, Allocasuarina torulosa and Eucalyptus acmenoides, with Corymbia maculata in some areas. The shrub
layer supports species such as Clerodendrum tomentosum, Hibbertia aspera, Polyscias sambuccifolia, and Persoonia
linearis. Ground layer vegetation includes Microlaena stipoides, Imperata cylindrica var. major, Lomandra longifolia,
Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis and Desmodium gunnii.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Northern Ironbark, Forest Oak, White Mahogany and Spotted Gum
sparse mid-storey of Rough Guinea Flower, Geebung, and Hairy Clerodendrum
ground layer of grasses including Blady Grass, Basket Grass, Wiry Panic and Kangaroo Grass
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1060 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
DRLO3
104
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Coastal Foothill Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (Jilliby) (15)
Average similarity: 42.26
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus umbra
3.00
3.73
9.54
8.82
Eucalyptus siderophloia
2.75
3.12
3.72
7.39
Corymbia maculata
2.75
1.90
0.89
4.49
Allocasuarina torulosa
1.50
0.76
0.82
1.79
Backhousia myrtifolia
0.50
0.18
0.41
0.43
Shrub
Maytenus silvestris
1.50
1.42
3.72
3.37
Leucopogon juniperinus
1.25
0.83
0.86
1.96
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
1.75
0.76
0.80
1.81
Podolobium aciculiferum
2.00
0.71
0.41
1.68
Bursaria longisepala
1.00
0.39
0.41
0.93
Bursaria spinosa
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.89
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
0.36
0.41
0.86
Acacia implexa
0.75
0.21
0.41
0.51
Cordyline stricta
0.50
0.21
0.41
0.51
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
0.50
0.18
0.41
0.43
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
1.00
0.36
0.41
0.86
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.50
2.68
5.41
6.34
Oplismenus imbecillis
1.75
1.43
3.38
3.38
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.50
1.13
0.91
2.68
Imperata cylindrica
1.75
0.93
0.73
2.20
Themeda australis
1.50
0.75
0.83
1.77
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
1.75
1.88
2.46
4.45
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
1.42
3.72
3.37
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
1.00
0.39
0.41
0.93
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
0.75
0.24
0.41
0.56
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.75
0.20
0.41
0.47
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.75
1.81
3.56
4.28
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
2.00
2.48
9.54
5.88
Brunoniella australis
1.75
1.81
3.56
4.28
Pratia purpurascens
1.75
1.81
3.56
4.28
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.25
0.76
0.82
1.79
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
1.00
0.57
0.91
1.34
Lagenophora stipitata
1.00
0.38
0.41
0.89
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.00
0.36
0.41
0.86
Galium binifolium
0.75
0.24
0.41
0.56
Oxalis perennans
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.53
Twiner
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.25
0.80
0.86
1.90
Billardiera scandens
0.75
0.66
0.91
1.56
Smilax australis
0.75
0.66
0.91
1.56
Hibbertia scandens
0.75
0.64
0.91
1.51
Pandorea pandorana
0.75
0.64
0.91
1.51
Eustrephus latifolius
1.00
0.57
0.91
1.34
Glycine clandestina
1.00
0.36
0.41
0.86
Parsonsia straminea
0.50
0.21
0.41
0.51
105
Coastal Foothill Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (Jilliby) (15)
Average similarity: 42.26
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Hardenbergia violacea
0.50
0.18
0.41
0.43
Morinda jasminoides
0.50
0.18
0.41
0.43
106
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Kurri) Unit 15d
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Ironbark/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Forest Red Gum shrubby open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (070)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Kurri) is yet to be sampled in detail, and occurs on the low rises of
Permian sediments in the southern section of Sugarloaf State Conservation Area near Awaba. It is dominated in the
canopy by Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus siderophloia, Eucalyptus paniculata, Allocasuarina torulosa, and Eucalyptus
acmenioides. Common understorey species include Acacia falcata, Podolobium ilicifolium, Acacia implexa, Bursaria
spinosa and Dodonaea triquetra, over Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta and Imperata cylindrica. This community
relates to a similar form found in the Cessnock LGA, and further sampling and analysis is required to determine its
relationship to Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (MU15).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum, Northern Ironbark, Grey Ironbark, Forest Oak and White Mahogany
mid-storey of Falcate Wattle, Hickory Wattle, Blackthorn, Hop-bush and Prickly Shaggy Pea
ground layer of Kangaroo Grass, Wiry Panic, Blady Grass and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 79 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
107
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Kurri) (15d)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Corymbia maculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus umbra
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus paniculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus acmenioides
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus siderophloia
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Acacia falcata
-
-
-
√
Acacia ulicifolia
-
-
-
√
Acacia longifolia
-
-
-
√
Podolobium ilicifolium
-
-
-
√
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Joycea pallida
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
108
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest Unit 15h
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Ironbark/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Forest Red Gum shrubby open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (070)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest is prevalent on the low hills of Permian sediments around Lake Macquarie, where
it merges with various forms of forest dominated by Angophora costata. In Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest, the
canopy is characterised by Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus paniculata and Eucalyptus umbra, over
an understorey of species such as Breynia oblongifolia, Acacia implexa, Persoonia linearis, Dodonaea trquetra and
Daviesia ulicifolia. On the ground, grasses such as Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis, Imperata cylindrica and Poa
affinis dominate, together with Dianella caerulea, Desmodium rhytidophyllum and Lomandra longifolia. In places,
Macrozamia reducta forms a conspicuous ground layer.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum, Grey Gum, Grey Ironbark and Bastard Mahogany
mid-storey of Coffeebush, Hickory Wattle, Geebung and Hop-bush
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, with Wiry Panic, Kangaroo Grass and Blady Grass dominant
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1134 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWND8
109
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 20 plots]:
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest (15h)
Average similarity: 35.87
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia maculata
3.85
5.36
3.60
14.94
Eucalyptus punctata
1.35
0.91
0.62
2.53
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
1.20
0.64
0.58
1.78
Eucalyptus umbra
1.15
0.54
0.51
1.50
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.95
0.38
0.49
1.07
Eucalyptus siderophloia
0.50
0.15
0.28
0.41
Angophora costata
0.45
0.08
0.18
0.21
Eucalyptus acmenoides
0.35
0.05
0.13
0.14
Corymbia gummifera
0.40
0.05
0.13
0.13
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
0.30
0.11
0.29
0.31
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
0.90
0.79
1.05
2.20
Acacia implexa
0.80
0.60
0.80
1.67
Persoonia linearis
0.70
0.57
0.81
1.60
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
1.00
0.52
0.51
1.45
Dodonaea triquetra
0.85
0.46
0.60
1.27
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.75
0.45
0.51
1.24
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.65
0.33
0.46
0.91
Acrotriche divaricata
0.65
0.32
0.45
0.90
Acacia falcata
0.60
0.25
0.38
0.69
Pultenaea villosa
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.69
Exocarpos cupressiformis
0.40
0.24
0.41
0.68
Notelaea longifolia f. intermedia
0.50
0.18
0.34
0.50
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.45
0.15
0.34
0.43
Myrsine variabilis
0.45
0.11
0.29
0.30
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.30
0.08
0.23
0.23
Maytenus silvestris
0.35
0.08
0.23
0.21
Pittosporum undulatum
0.40
0.07
0.23
0.21
Jacksonia scoparia
0.30
0.06
0.17
0.16
Pittosporum revolutum
0.30
0.05
0.18
0.13
Acacia ulicifolia
0.25
0.03
0.12
0.07
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
0.15
0.03
0.13
0.07
Leucopogon juniperinus
0.15
0.02
0.13
0.06
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.25
0.06
0.23
0.17
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
0.25
0.03
0.18
0.09
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.25
0.03
0.12
0.07
Cycad
Macrozamia communis
0.65
0.18
0.33
0.49
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.10
2.21
1.45
6.15
Themeda australis
2.20
1.65
0.92
4.61
Imperata cylindrica
1.80
0.92
0.63
2.57
Poa affinis
1.40
0.81
0.54
2.25
Joycea pallida
1.15
0.65
0.52
1.81
Echinopogon ovatus
0.85
0.43
0.47
1.21
Aristida vagans
0.85
0.42
0.44
1.17
Dichelachne micrantha
0.70
0.35
0.45
0.96
Panicum simile
0.95
0.30
0.36
0.83
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
0.70
0.22
0.34
0.62
110
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest (15h)
Average similarity: 35.87
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Digitaria ramularis
0.80
0.21
0.29
0.59
Pseudoraphis paradoxa
0.55
0.20
0.34
0.55
Oplismenus aemulus
0.65
0.14
0.23
0.39
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.50
0.05
0.17
0.15
Cymbopogon refractus
0.25
0.03
0.18
0.10
Oplismenus imbecillis
0.25
0.02
0.12
0.07
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.25
1.40
2.39
3.90
Lomandra longifolia
1.00
0.80
1.06
2.24
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.85
0.53
0.68
1.47
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
0.80
0.40
0.41
1.11
Lomandra obliqua
0.60
0.21
0.33
0.59
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. rubiginosa
0.55
0.11
0.15
0.31
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.15
0.02
0.13
0.06
Sedge
Lepidosperma neesii
0.85
0.58
0.58
1.63
Lepidosperma laterale
0.40
0.06
0.23
0.18
Gymnostachys anceps
0.30
0.04
0.17
0.12
Herb
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
1.25
0.98
0.87
2.73
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.80
0.45
0.45
1.26
Dichondra repens
0.80
0.41
0.52
1.13
Pratia purpurascens
0.75
0.33
0.46
0.91
Desmodium varians
0.50
0.13
0.27
0.36
Phyllanthus hirtellus
0.40
0.10
0.18
0.29
Arthropodium minus
0.40
0.10
0.29
0.27
Arthropodium milleflorum
0.35
0.08
0.22
0.22
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.35
0.07
0.17
0.18
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.35
0.05
0.17
0.13
Brunoniella australis
0.25
0.03
0.12
0.07
Tricoryne elatior
0.15
0.03
0.13
0.07
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.30
1.18
1.15
3.30
Pandorea pandorana
1.15
1.08
1.11
3.00
Billardiera scandens
1.10
0.99
1.21
2.77
Eustrephus latifolius
1.20
0.95
0.84
2.66
Hardenbergia violacea
0.90
0.72
0.86
2.00
Geitonoplesium cymosum
0.75
0.35
0.54
0.97
Cayratia clematidea
0.45
0.12
0.23
0.32
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
0.40
0.11
0.28
0.30
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.40
0.09
0.22
0.25
Clematis aristata
0.30
0.07
0.23
0.18
Kennedia rubicunda
0.25
0.04
0.18
0.12
Polymeria calycina
0.30
0.04
0.17
0.12
Dioscorea transversa
0.30
0.03
0.13
0.10
Hibbertia scandens
0.25
0.03
0.12
0.09
Smilax glyciphylla
0.20
0.02
0.13
0.06
111
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest Unit 15i
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Ironbark/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Forest Red Gum shrubby open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (070)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest occurs in exposed locations on narrow peninsulas on the shores of Lake Macquarie (eg
Point Wolstoncroft). It is dominated by Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus siderophloia and Eucalyptus punctata, with
occasional Angophora costata. Understorey vegetation includes Notelaea longifolia, Persoonia linearis, Bursaria
spinosa, Acacia longifolia, Dodonaea trquetra, and Acacia falcata. The ground layer is rich in grasses and herbs, and
includes Oplismenus imbecillis, Dichondra repens, Imperata cylindrica, Glycine clandestina and Poranthera microphylla.
This vegetation type occurs on fine-grained sediments on near-level ground, most likely corresponding to a specific
stratum within the Permian rock layers.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Ironbarks and Grey Gum
mid-storey of Wattles, Blackthorn, Hop-bush and Native Olive
rich ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 22 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHH8
112
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest (15i)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus punctata
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus siderophloia
-
-
-
2.00
Angophora costata
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
3.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia falcata
-
-
-
2.00
Bursaria spinosa
-
-
-
2.00
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Trema tomentosa var. aspera
-
-
-
1.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Acrotriche divaricata
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
3.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
3.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
2.00
Digitaria parviflora
-
-
-
2.00
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
-
-
-
2.00
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
2.00
Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei
-
-
-
2.00
Austrodanthonia tenuior
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Cyperus laevis
-
-
-
2.00
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
3.00
Desmodium gunnii
-
-
-
2.00
Plantago debilis
-
-
-
2.00
Poranthera microphylla
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Solanum prinophyllum
-
-
-
2.00
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
-
-
-
1.00
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Hardenbergia violacea
-
-
-
2.00
Clematis aristata
-
-
-
2.00
Eustrephus latifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
1.00
Cassytha pubescens
-
-
-
1.00
Cayratia clematidea
-
-
-
1.00
Pandorea pandorana
-
-
-
1.00
Stephania japonica var. discolor
-
-
-
1.00
113
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest (15i)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Epiphytic Orchid
Dendrobium aemulum
-
-
-
1.00
114
Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest Unit 15k
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest occurs on sheltered slopes in the south-eastern parts of the Lake
Macquarie LGA. It is characterised by a canopy of Eucalyptus propinqua, Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus umbra,
with Eucalyptus microcorys and Syncarpia glomulifera occasionally occurring. The understorey is typified by Daviesia
ulicifolia, Podolobium ilicifolium and Podolobium aciculiferum, with Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta and Imperata
cylindrica on the ground. This community is yet to be sampled in detail, and hence relationships between it and other
units within the Coastal Foothills group (MU15’s) are yet to be clarified. However, the presence of Eucalyptus propinqua
in this community distinguishes it from several others.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Small-fruited Grey Gum, Spotted Gum, Bastard Mahogany
mid-storey of Gorse Bitter Pea, Prickly Shaggy Pea and Needle Shaggy Pea
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, particularly Kangaroo Grass and Wiry Panic
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 145 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
115
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest (15k)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Corymbia maculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus propinqua
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus umbra
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus siderophloia
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
-
-
-
√
Daviesia ulicifolia
-
-
-
√
Podolobium ilicifolium
-
-
-
√
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
√
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Joycea pallida
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
√
116
Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest Unit 15l
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest occurs on the higher ridges and exposed slopes of the Sugarloaf
Range. It is an open forest dominated by Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii, Eucalyptus
umbra and Eucalyptus punctata. The typical open shrub layer includes Persoonia linearis, Macrozamia reducta,
Podolobium ilicifolium, and Maytenus silvestris, over a diverse range of grasses and herbs such as Themeda australis,
Imperata cylindrica var. major, Panicum simile, Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides, Entolasia stricta and Lepidosperma
laterale. Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii is a listed rare eucalypt, however it is a community dominant in this
community.
Characteristic Features:
occurs on often steep upper slopes and ridges at exposed aspects
canopy dominated by Fergusons Ironbark, Spotted Gum, Bastard Mahogany and Grey Gum
mid-storey dominated by Cycads, Geebungs, Native Holly and Maytenus
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants, such as Kangaroo Grass, Wiry Panic and Lomandras
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 723 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSD5
117
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (15l)
Average similarity: 50.27
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis
3.33
3.73
16.51
7.42
Allocasuarina torulosa
2.00
1.63
2.62
3.25
Corymbia gummifera
2.00
1.18
0.58
2.34
Eucalyptus umbra
2.00
1.18
0.58
2.34
Eucalyptus globoidea
1.67
0.78
0.58
1.56
Eucalyptus punctata
1.67
0.78
0.58
1.56
Shrub
Pittosporum undulatum
2.67
1.57
0.58
3.12
Maytenus silvestris
1.00
1.24
16.51
2.47
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.00
1.24
16.51
2.47
Dodonaea triquetra
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.88
Persoonia linearis
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.88
Acacia implexa
0.67
0.39
0.58
0.78
Breynia oblongifolia
0.67
0.39
0.58
0.78
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.67
1.63
2.62
3.25
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
2.67
2.88
5.02
5.72
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.67
2.88
5.02
5.72
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.49
16.51
4.94
Themeda australis
3.00
2.49
16.51
4.94
Oplismenus imbecillis
1.33
0.88
0.58
1.76
Aristida vagans
1.33
0.41
0.58
0.81
Graminoid
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
2.00
2.49
16.51
4.94
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.67
1.63
2.62
3.25
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
1.33
0.78
0.58
1.56
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.33
0.78
0.58
1.56
Herb
Brunoniella australis
2.00
2.49
16.51
4.94
Pratia purpurascens
1.67
1.63
2.62
3.25
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.67
1.63
2.62
3.25
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
1.33
0.78
0.58
1.56
Desmodium gunnii
1.00
0.41
0.58
0.81
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.00
0.41
0.58
0.81
Arthropodium minus
0.67
0.39
0.58
0.78
Ground Orchid
Acianthus fornicatus
1.33
0.78
0.58
1.56
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.33
1.24
16.51
2.47
Hardenbergia violacea
1.33
1.24
16.51
2.47
Pandorea pandorana
1.33
1.24
16.51
2.47
Polymeria calycina
1.00
1.24
16.51
2.47
Eustrephus latifolius
1.33
0.78
0.58
1.56
Geitonoplesium cymosum
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.88
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.00
0.41
0.58
0.81
Billardiera scandens
0.67
0.39
0.58
0.78
118
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest Unit 15m
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Grey Gum grass/ shrub open forest on
Coastal Lowlands of the Central Coast (071)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest supports Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus umbra and
Eucalyptus siderophloia, and occurs in the Mandalong Valley in the south-west of the LGA. It fulfils an almost equivalent
role to Jilliby Spotted Gum – Fergusons Ironbark – Mahogany Forest (MU15n), which occurs in a similar locality. In this
community, an understorey of species such as Podolobium ilicifolium, Leucopogon juniperinus and Podolobium
aciculiferum occurs over a ground layer of Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis, Aristida vagans and Joycea pallida. This
community is yet to be sampled in detail, and hence relationships with MU15n and related units are still to be clarified.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum with Bastary Mahogany and Northern Ironbark
mid-storey of Shaggy Peas and Prickly Beard-heath
ground layer of Wiry Panic, Themeda australis and Three-awn Grass
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 62 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
119
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest (15m)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Corymbia maculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus siderophloia
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus umbra
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus paniculata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
-
-
-
√
Daviesia ulicifolia
-
-
-
√
Podolobium ilicifolium
-
-
-
√
Leucopogon juniperinum
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Joycea pallida
-
-
-
√
Aristida vagans
-
-
-
√
120
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Fergusons Ironbark - Mahogany Forest Unit 15n
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Fergusons Ironbark - Mahogany Forest occurs in and around the Mandalong Valley, where it
adjoins areas currently mapped as Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest (MU15m). These two
communities are floristically very similar, and differ most markedly in the different Ironbark species co-dominating. In
MU15n, the canopy typically supports Corymbia maculata with Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii, Eucalyptus
punctata and Eucalyptus umbra. Understorey vegetation includes Podolobium aciculiferum, Daviesia ulicifolia,
Persoonia linearis and Bursaria spinosa, over Entolasia stricta, Dianella caerulea, Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea,
and Lepidosperma laterale. Further sampling and analysis is required to clarify the relationship between this community
and MU15m.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Spotted Gum, Fergusons Ironbark, Grey Gum and Bastard Mahogany
mid-storey of Needle Shaggy Pea, Gorse Bitter Pea, Geebung and Blackthorn
ground layer of Wiry Panic, Paroo Lily, Wattle-rush and Sword-sedge
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1442 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS79
121
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Jilliby Spotted Gum-Ferguson's Ironbark-Mahogany Forest (15n)
Average similarity: 41.63
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia maculata
3.75
6.49
3.23
15.58
Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis
2.50
3.90
5.32
9.38
Eucalyptus punctata
2.25
3.11
0.91
7.47
Eucalyptus pilularis
1.50
0.98
0.41
2.35
Eucalyptus microcorys
1.25
0.69
0.41
1.65
Eucalyptus umbra
1.25
0.50
0.41
1.19
Shrub
Podolobium aciculiferum
3.75
4.49
0.90
10.79
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
1.50
2.16
2.16
5.19
Persoonia linearis
1.25
1.82
6.18
4.36
Bursaria longisepala
1.00
0.69
0.41
1.65
Bursaria spinosa
1.00
0.65
0.41
1.57
Leucopogon juniperinus
0.75
0.33
0.41
0.78
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.50
3.63
6.18
8.73
Themeda australis
1.25
1.16
0.75
2.79
Joycea pallida
1.25
0.65
0.41
1.57
Panicum simile
0.75
0.26
0.41
0.63
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
2.09
3.29
5.01
Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea
1.50
2.08
3.59
4.99
Lomandra longifolia
1.25
1.36
0.84
3.28
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.50
0.33
0.41
0.78
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.75
0.26
0.41
0.63
Patersonia glabrata
0.75
0.26
0.41
0.63
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.50
1.67
0.90
4.02
Herb
Opercularia diphylla
1.00
0.65
0.41
1.57
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.00
0.90
0.89
2.16
Pandorea pandorana
0.50
0.27
0.41
0.65
122
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest Unit 15o
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest occurs on the more sheltered slopes of the Sugarloaf Range. It
supports a canopy of Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii, joined by Eucalyptus acmenoides
and Eucalyptus punctata. Relative to its dryer counterpart (MU15l), understorey vegetation is slightly more mesic,
supporting species such as Hibbertia aspera, Persoonia linearis, Macrozamia reducta and Clerodendrum tomentosum,
over a ground layer of Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides, Desmodium gunnii, Gymnostachys anceps, Pratia
purpurascens, Dichondra repens and Oplismenus imbecillus. Vines and scramblers, such as Hibbertia scandens, Smilax
australis, Eustrephus latifolius, and Pandorea pandorana are also common. This community is currently not represented
on LGA mapping, but is included within other units of the Coastal Foothills complex.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Fergusons Ironbark, Spotted Gum, White Mahogany and Grey Gum
mid-storey dominated by mesic species such as Rough Guinea flower, Geebung, Hairy Clerodendrum and
Cycads
ground layer of more mesic grasses and grass-like plants, such as Basket Grass, Settlers flax, climbers and
herbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
WLS96
123
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (15o)
Average similarity: 49.32
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia maculata
3.60
4.47
7.12
9.06
Eucalyptus umbra
2.60
2.94
2.20
5.96
Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis
1.60
0.91
0.61
1.85
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.80
0.45
0.62
0.91
Eucalyptus punctata
1.00
0.15
0.32
0.30
Shrub
Persoonia linearis
0.80
0.79
1.15
1.60
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.80
0.78
1.15
1.57
Acacia ulicifolia
1.20
0.77
0.62
1.56
Maytenus silvestris
1.00
0.55
0.59
1.12
Acacia falcata
1.20
0.50
0.59
1.02
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.80
0.42
0.62
0.86
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.60
0.40
0.62
0.80
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
0.60
0.37
0.62
0.74
Daviesia squarrosa
1.00
0.25
0.32
0.51
Acacia implexa
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.30
Low Shrub
Hibbertia pedunculata
0.60
0.42
0.62
0.85
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
1.40
1.21
1.06
2.45
Cycad
Macrozamia reducta
1.00
0.15
0.32
0.30
Grass
Themeda australis
3.20
3.62
4.81
7.34
Entolasia stricta
2.60
2.85
6.70
5.77
Imperata cylindrica
2.00
2.72
10.05
5.51
Panicum simile
2.20
2.25
3.00
4.57
Aristida vagans
1.80
2.15
3.26
4.36
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
2.14
3.52
4.33
Joycea pallida
1.00
0.82
1.15
1.67
Cymbopogon refractus
0.80
0.41
0.62
0.84
Dichelachne micrantha
0.80
0.24
0.32
0.48
Paspalidium distans
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.29
Graminoid
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.40
1.49
3.81
3.01
Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea
1.60
1.21
1.06
2.45
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
1.20
0.77
0.62
1.56
Lomandra longifolia
0.60
0.42
0.62
0.85
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.80
0.41
0.62
0.84
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.40
1.21
1.06
2.45
Herb
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
1.20
1.36
10.05
2.76
Brunoniella australis
1.40
1.22
1.04
2.48
Opercularia diphylla
1.40
1.19
1.02
2.41
Phyllanthus hirtellus
1.20
0.79
0.62
1.60
Pratia purpurascens
1.20
0.77
0.62
1.56
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.60
0.16
0.32
0.32
Desmodium gunnii
0.60
0.13
0.32
0.27
124
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (15o)
Average similarity: 49.32
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.80
2.15
3.26
4.36
Eustrephus latifolius
1.20
1.36
10.05
2.76
Hardenbergia violacea
1.00
0.78
1.15
1.57
Billardiera scandens
0.80
0.39
0.62
0.78
Geitonoplesium cymosum
0.40
0.15
0.32
0.30
125
Hinterland Spotted Gum – Red Ironbark Forest Unit 17o
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Spotted Gum/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Red Ironbark shrub/grass open forest on
foothills of the lower Hunter Valley, Sydney Basin Bioregion
GHV: Spotted Gum/ Red Ironbark/ Large-fruited Grey Gum shrub/ grass open forest of the
Lower Hunter (074)
LHCCREMS: Lower Hunter Spotted Gum- Ironbark Forest MU17
General Description:
Hinterland Spotted Gum – Red Ironbark Forest occurs on the lowlands of the north-western side of Lake Macquarie. It
supports an open forest dominated by Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus fibrosa, with occassional Angophora costata,
Eucalyptus umbra or Eucalyptus punctata. Understorey species commonly include Pultenaea villosa, Davieisia ulicifolia
subsp. ulicifolia and Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cistmontanum in the shrub layer, over a grassy ground layer of
Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta, Joycea pallida, Microlaena stipoides var stipoides, and Panicum simile. In some
areas, thickets of Melaleuca nodosa can occur.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Spotted Gum and Red Ironbark
mid-storey dominated by wattles, peas and Blackthorn
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants, such as Kangaroo Grass, Wallaby Grasses, Wiry Panic and
Lomandras
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1153 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
WLSJ5
126
TSC Act (1995) Status - Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest EEC
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 32 plots]:
Hinterland Spotted Gum - Red Ironbark Forest (17o)
Average similarity: 49.06
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus fibrosa
3.47
4.54
6.49
9.26
Corymbia maculata
3.03
3.66
2.25
7.46
Eucalyptus umbra
1.72
1.52
1.00
3.10
Angophora costata
0.94
0.50
0.54
1.02
Eucalyptus globoidea
0.91
0.40
0.41
0.81
Corymbia gummifera
0.50
0.15
0.30
0.30
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.28
0.04
0.13
0.08
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.25
0.06
0.21
0.13
Shrub
Acacia ulicifolia
1.19
0.87
0.91
1.77
Dillwynia retorta
1.19
0.64
0.51
1.31
Pultenaea paleacea
1.00
0.59
0.56
1.21
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.91
0.42
0.50
0.85
Pultenaea euchila
0.59
0.32
0.50
0.64
Bursaria spinosa
0.53
0.23
0.41
0.47
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.41
0.13
0.30
0.27
Pultenaea villosa
0.44
0.11
0.27
0.23
Persoonia linearis
0.28
0.10
0.28
0.21
Melaleuca nodosa
0.63
0.10
0.17
0.20
Acacia falcata
0.25
0.06
0.21
0.12
Melaleuca decora
0.41
0.06
0.15
0.12
Podolobium aciculiferum
0.50
0.05
0.09
0.10
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.19
0.04
0.18
0.08
Dodonaea triquetra
0.28
0.04
0.13
0.07
Leucopogon juniperinus
0.16
0.03
0.14
0.06
Low Shrub
Hibbertia pedunculata
0.25
0.03
0.13
0.07
Pomax umbellata
0.19
0.03
0.14
0.06
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.28
0.06
0.17
0.11
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
0.38
0.11
0.27
0.22
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.34
0.12
0.31
0.25
Grass
Joycea pallida
3.31
3.51
1.57
7.16
Entolasia stricta
2.63
3.08
2.99
6.28
Themeda australis
2.84
2.90
1.53
5.91
Panicum simile
1.72
1.85
1.45
3.78
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.66
1.69
1.40
3.45
Paspalidium distans
1.56
1.62
1.28
3.31
Aristida vagans
1.38
1.25
1.09
2.55
Imperata cylindrica
0.81
0.35
0.45
0.71
Eragrostis brownii
0.59
0.25
0.36
0.51
Dichelachne micrantha
0.47
0.17
0.29
0.34
Cymbopogon refractus
0.31
0.07
0.24
0.15
Echinopogon ovatus
0.19
0.03
0.14
0.06
Graminoid
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.59
1.80
1.71
3.67
127
Hinterland Spotted Gum - Red Ironbark Forest (17o)
Average similarity: 49.06
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
1.25
0.92
0.69
1.88
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.97
0.90
1.15
1.84
Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea
1.13
0.90
0.69
1.83
Lomandra obliqua
1.13
0.89
0.73
1.82
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.94
0.68
0.80
1.39
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.78
0.41
0.45
0.84
Lomandra longifolia
0.31
0.07
0.20
0.14
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.16
0.97
0.99
1.98
Ptilothrix deusta
1.34
0.87
0.62
1.77
Gahnia radula
0.38
0.05
0.13
0.09
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.50
1.57
1.35
3.21
Opercularia diphylla
1.31
1.20
1.00
2.44
Pratia purpurascens
1.16
0.94
0.91
1.91
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.09
0.88
0.91
1.80
Brunoniella australis
1.06
0.76
0.74
1.54
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.66
0.33
0.49
0.67
Phyllanthus hirtellus
0.72
0.32
0.38
0.66
Lagenophora stipitata
0.47
0.13
0.26
0.27
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.22
0.03
0.14
0.07
Ground
Orchid
Caladenia catenata
0.44
0.15
0.30
0.30
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.00
0.68
0.67
1.39
Hardenbergia violacea
0.81
0.61
0.83
1.24
Eustrephus latifolius
0.59
0.25
0.41
0.52
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.53
0.24
0.42
0.49
Billardiera scandens
0.34
0.16
0.35
0.33
Polymeria calycina
0.22
0.03
0.14
0.06
Mistletoe
Dendrophthoe vitellina
0.19
0.04
0.18
0.09
128
Red Ironbark – Paperbark Forest Unit 110a
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Red Ironbark/ Paperbark Shrubby Open Forest
GHV: Red Ironbark/ Spotted Gum/ Prickly-leaved Paperbark shrubby open forest of the
lower Hunter (075)
LHCCREMS: Lower Hunter Spotted Gum- Ironbark Forest MU17
General Description:
Red Ironbark – Paperbark Forest is characteristed by a dominance of Eucalyptus fibrosa in the canopy, often forming
monospecific stands of this species. Corymbia maculata is generally present in the surrounding areas, where it forms a
component of Hinterland Spotted Gum – Red Ironbark Forest (MU17o). Other canopy species present in MU110a
include Eucalyptus capitellata and Corymbia gummifera. Paperbarks (Melaleuca decora, Melaleuca nodosa) form a mid-
layer, with other shrubs including Dodonaea triquetra, Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia and Pultenaea paleacea.
Themeda australis, Ptilothix deusta, Entolasia stricta, Panicum simile and Gahnia radula are prominent in the ground
layer.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Red Ironbark, with a mid-storey of Melaleuca decora
mid-storey dominated by Paperbarks
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 243 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest EEC
WLSL1
129
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 9 plots]:
Red Ironbark - Paperbark Forest (110a)
Average similarity: 54.46
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus fibrosa
3.67
4.84
7.21
8.88
Angophora costata
0.78
0.59
0.83
1.09
Eucalyptus globoidea
0.89
0.45
0.44
0.82
Eucalyptus umbra
0.56
0.08
0.17
0.14
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
4.33
4.38
1.13
8.03
Melaleuca decora
3.22
3.41
1.65
6.26
Bursaria spinosa
1.67
1.59
1.16
2.92
Acacia ulicifolia
1.00
0.83
1.11
1.53
Dillwynia retorta
0.67
0.38
0.61
0.71
Pultenaea paleacea
0.56
0.23
0.44
0.43
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.56
0.23
0.44
0.42
Leptospermum trinervium
0.56
0.15
0.28
0.28
Callistemon linearis
0.44
0.12
0.30
0.22
Melaleuca sieberi
0.22
0.05
0.17
0.08
Low Shrub
Hibbertia pedunculata
0.44
0.22
0.44
0.41
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
0.56
0.15
0.28
0.27
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.33
0.12
0.30
0.21
Grass
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.56
3.07
5.87
5.64
Entolasia stricta
2.67
2.63
1.71
4.83
Panicum simile
1.89
2.54
3.74
4.67
Themeda australis
2.33
2.39
2.42
4.39
Paspalidium distans
2.00
2.26
1.79
4.15
Aristida vagans
1.56
1.44
1.50
2.64
Joycea pallida
1.67
1.35
1.54
2.49
Eragrostis brownii
1.00
0.51
0.44
0.93
Imperata cylindrica
1.00
0.49
0.54
0.91
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
0.78
0.26
0.42
0.48
Echinopogon ovatus
0.44
0.13
0.30
0.23
Notodanthonia longifolia
0.44
0.07
0.17
0.14
Graminoid
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.56
1.68
1.58
3.08
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
1.44
1.37
1.07
2.52
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.89
0.83
1.16
1.52
Lomandra obliqua
1.00
0.69
0.76
1.27
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.78
0.60
0.83
1.11
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
2.11
2.37
2.60
4.35
Lepidosperma laterale
0.67
0.38
0.61
0.69
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.78
2.22
1.82
4.07
Opercularia diphylla
1.44
1.52
1.43
2.78
Pratia purpurascens
1.44
1.38
1.09
2.53
Brunoniella australis
1.22
1.09
0.98
1.99
Lagenophora stipitata
1.22
1.00
0.77
1.84
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.67
0.41
0.61
0.75
Oxalis perennans
0.56
0.15
0.28
0.28
130
Red Ironbark - Paperbark Forest (110a)
Average similarity: 54.46
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.44
0.12
0.30
0.21
Epaltes australis
0.44
0.08
0.17
0.14
Dichondra repens
0.44
0.07
0.17
0.13
Stylidium graminifolium
0.22
0.04
0.17
0.08
Ground Orchid
Caladenia catenata
0.67
0.22
0.30
0.40
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.67
1.99
3.10
3.65
Hardenbergia violacea
0.56
0.41
0.61
0.75
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.44
0.23
0.44
0.41
Polymeria calycina
0.56
0.15
0.28
0.28
131
Dry Forests (Smooth-barked Apple)
132
Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest Unit 22
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Turpentine/ Blackbutt open forest on ranges of the Central
Coast (061)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Narabeen Scrub Forest (MU22)
General Description:
Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest occurs disjunctly in the Dudley-Whitebridge area, although true relationships between
this and related communities characterised by Eucalyptus pilularis are unclear. Dominant canopy species here include
Eucalyptus pilularis, Angophora costata, Allocasuarina torulosa, Corymbia gummifera and Eucalyptus umbra. Important
understorey vegetation includes Pteridium esculentum, Persoonia linearis, Glochidion ferdinandi, Bossiaea obcordata
and Gompholobium latifolium. Ground layer species include Entolasia stricta, Panicum simile, Dampiera stricta, Dianella
caerulea and Themeda australis. This community requires additional sampling to clarify its relationship with Coastal
Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest (MU9b).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Blackbutt, Smooth-barked Apple, Forest Oak and Red Bloodwood
mid-storey of Geebung, Bracken, Cheese Tree and various Peas
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 6 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSO0
133
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest (22)
Average similarity: 50.96
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus pilularis
3.25
3.98
20.17
7.81
Angophora costata
2.75
3.30
5.05
6.48
Allocasuarina torulosa
2.50
2.87
5.54
5.63
Corymbia gummifera
1.75
1.38
0.91
2.70
Eucalyptus umbra
1.50
1.29
0.91
2.54
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.25
1.33
20.17
2.60
Shrub
Persoonia linearis
1.75
1.97
2.91
3.87
Bossiaea obcordata
1.50
1.29
0.91
2.54
Gompholobium latifolium
1.25
0.87
0.80
1.71
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
0.75
0.67
0.91
1.32
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.00
0.67
0.91
1.32
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.75
0.65
0.91
1.27
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.00
0.43
0.41
0.85
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.00
0.43
0.41
0.85
Breynia oblongifolia
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.47
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
2.00
1.97
2.91
3.87
Tetratheca thymifolia
1.75
1.29
0.91
2.54
Ground
Fern
Pteridium esculentum
2.50
2.88
4.88
5.65
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.25
2.65
20.17
5.21
Panicum simile
2.25
2.18
2.23
4.28
Themeda australis
2.00
1.38
0.91
2.70
Imperata cylindrica
1.50
1.34
0.91
2.63
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.75
1.34
0.91
2.63
Aristida vagans
1.00
0.45
0.41
0.88
Digitaria ramularis
0.50
0.23
0.41
0.44
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
1.55
2.74
3.05
Lomandra longifolia
0.75
0.67
0.91
1.32
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
1.00
0.65
0.91
1.27
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.50
1.29
0.91
2.54
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
2.00
2.65
20.17
5.21
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.50
1.29
0.91
2.54
Pratia purpurascens
1.25
0.93
0.80
1.82
Phyllanthus hirtellus
1.00
0.48
0.41
0.93
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.50
1.55
2.74
3.05
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.25
0.85
0.83
1.67
Glycine clandestina
1.25
0.85
0.83
1.67
Hibbertia scandens
0.75
0.65
0.91
1.27
134
Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood – Apple - Mahogany Forest Unit 22e
Keith Class: Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Turpentine/ Blackbutt open forest on ranges of the Central
Coast (061)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Narabeen Scrub Forest (MU22)
General Description:
Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood – Apple - Mahogany Forest is currently mapped for a ridge system on Narrabeen
sandstone north of Cooranbong, but requires sampling and analysis to determine its relationship to similar communities.
On available data, this community supports a canopy of Angophora costata, Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus umbra,
Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus scias, and Banksia serrata. Understorey vegetation includes Allocasuarina littoralis,
Leptospermum trinervium, Banksia spinulosa, Xylomelum pyriforme, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Lambertia formosa,
and Bossiaea obcordata, over Xanthorrhoea latifolia, Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis, and Imperata cylindrica.
Further investigation is required to clarify relationships to Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest (MU22).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Smooth-barked Apple, Red bloodwood, Bastard Mahogany and Blackbutt
mid-storey of Banksias, Ti-trees, Black She-oak, Woody Pear, Mountain Devil and Peas
ground layer of Grass Tree, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 107 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
135
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood – Apple – Mahogany Forest (22e)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
√
Corymbia gummifera
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus pilularis
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus umbra
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus capitellata
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina torulosa
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus resinifera
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
-
-
-
√
Allocasuarina littoralis
-
-
-
√
Xylomelum pyriforme
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cistmonatnum
-
-
-
√
Leptospermum trinervium
-
-
-
√
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
-
-
-
√
Lambertia formosa
-
-
-
√
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
√
Bossiaea obcordata
-
-
-
√
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
√
Grass Tree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Themeda australis
-
-
-
√
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
√
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
√
Ptilothrix deusta
-
-
-
√
136
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland Unit 30
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland in an original REMS2000 vegetation unit which has been progressively
sub-divided to accommodate more detailed revision across the region. Some areas remain on the current map layer
which will require allocation to new divisions. Typically, a canopy of Angophora costata occurs with Corymbia
gummifera, Eucalyptus umbra and Eucalyptus capitellata, over an understorey of species such as Allocasuarina littoralis,
Banksia spinulosa, Acacia myrtifolia, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Lambertia formosa, Dillwynia retorta, Themeda
australis, Entolasia stricta, Pteridium esculentum, Lomandra obliqua, Phyllanthus hirtellus, Imperata cylindrica, and
Lepidosperma laterale.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Smooth-barked Apple with Red Bloodwood, Bastard Mahogany and Brown Stringybark
mid-storey of Black She-oak, Banksias, Wattles, Peas, and Bracken
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 525 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHF5
137
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (30)
Average similarity: 45.66
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.40
3.69
12.35
8.09
Corymbia gummifera
2.20
1.93
1.58
4.24
Eucalyptus umbra
1.80
1.05
0.62
2.29
Eucalyptus capitellata
1.80
0.83
0.60
1.82
Eucalyptus piperita
0.80
0.34
0.62
0.75
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.25
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
2.80
2.34
2.02
5.12
Palm
Livistona australis
0.40
0.12
0.32
0.25
Shrub
Epacris pulchella
1.60
1.55
2.72
3.39
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.60
1.38
1.16
3.02
Tetratheca juncea
1.40
1.06
1.02
2.33
Acrotriche divaricata
1.60
1.04
1.02
2.27
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
1.20
0.84
1.02
1.85
Dodonaea triquetra
1.40
0.83
1.01
1.82
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.20
0.80
1.05
1.75
Persoonia levis
1.00
0.72
1.16
1.57
Persoonia linearis
1.00
0.69
1.16
1.51
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.20
0.50
0.56
1.10
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.60
0.35
0.62
0.76
Acacia myrtifolia
0.60
0.34
0.62
0.75
Pultenaea paleacea
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.54
Breynia oblongifolia
0.40
0.12
0.32
0.27
Comesperma ericinum
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.27
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.27
Acacia ulicifolia
0.40
0.12
0.32
0.25
Lambertia formosa
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.25
Leptospermum trinervium
0.40
0.12
0.32
0.25
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.00
0.49
0.58
1.07
Lindsaea microphylla
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.27
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
3.00
2.73
5.58
5.98
Xanthorrhoea resinosa
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.54
Grass
Themeda australis
4.40
4.20
3.30
9.19
Entolasia stricta
1.80
1.93
2.86
4.22
Joycea pallida
1.00
0.50
0.57
1.09
Panicum simile
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.54
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
0.40
0.11
0.32
0.24
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.60
1.53
3.14
3.35
Lomandra obliqua
1.40
1.09
1.01
2.39
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.80
0.34
0.62
0.75
Lomandra cylindrica
0.80
0.23
0.32
0.51
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.26
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.40
1.09
1.05
2.38
Ptilothrix deusta
1.40
1.07
1.03
2.35
138
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (30)
Average similarity: 45.66
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Cyathochaeta diandra
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.54
Herb
Phyllanthus hirtellus
2.00
2.39
16.16
5.23
Pratia purpurascens
1.20
0.70
0.62
1.53
Brunoniella australis
1.20
0.68
0.62
1.49
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.20
0.67
0.62
1.47
Stylidium graminifolium
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.54
Thysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.54
Opercularia diphylla
0.60
0.12
0.32
0.27
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.20
1.19
16.16
2.62
Eustrephus latifolius
1.20
0.86
1.04
1.88
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.80
0.24
0.32
0.53
Hardenbergia violacea
0.40
0.12
0.32
0.26
139
Buttonderry Footslopes Forest Unit 30a
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Buttonderry Footslopes Forest was originally defined for the northern Wyong area, and parts of southern Lake
Macquarie (mainly south of Morisset) appear to support similar vegetation. In this community, a canopy dominated by
Eucalyptus globoidea, Angophora costata, Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus umbra, and Eucalyptus capitellata occurs
over an understorey of Pteridium esculentum, Bossiaea obcordata, Daviesia squarrosa, Banksia spinulosa, Epacris
pulchella, Gompholobium latifolium, and Polyscias sambuccifolia. The ground layer supports Entolasia stricta, Lomandra
cylindrica, Lomandra obliqua, Joycea pallida, Xanthorrhoea latifolia, Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides, and Phyllanthus
hirtellus. Further clarification of this type and other defined forms of MU30 is required to it’s determine position in the
classification.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Smooth-barked Apple with White Stringybark, Red Bloodwood, Brown Stringybark, and Bastard
Mahogany
mid-storey of Banksias, Peas, Elderberry Panax and Bracken
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 660 ha
Community Conservation Status:
MRS88
140
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Buttonderry Footslopes Forest (30a)
Average similarity: 56.00
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus globoidea
4.50
4.57
-
8.16
Angophora costata
2.50
2.29
-
4.08
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
2.50
1.14
-
2.04
Duboisia myoporoides
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
Shrub
Bossiaea obcordata
2.50
2.29
-
4.08
Epacris pulchella
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Gompholobium latifolium
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Acacia suaveolens
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Breynia oblongifolia
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
Maytenus silvestris
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Melaleuca nodosa
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Persoonia linearis
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
3.50
3.43
-
6.12
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Aristida vagans
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Graminoid
Lomandra cylindrica
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Lomandra obliqua
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
Herb
Brunoniella australis
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Gonocarpus tetragynus
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Phyllanthus hirtellus
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
2.29
-
4.08
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Lagenophora stipitata
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.00
1.14
-
2.04
Glycine clandestina
1.50
1.14
-
2.04
141
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest Unit 30b
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest is common across parts of the Sugarloaf Range and surrounding areas,
occurring principally on Narrabeen Sandstone geology. The canopy is dominated by Angophora costata, Corymbia
gummifera and Eucalyptus umbra, and dominant shrub and understorey species include Persoonia linearis, Podolobium
ilicifolium, Macrozamia reducta, Davieisia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia, and Pteridium esculentum in the shrub layer, over
Themeda australis, Joycia pallida, Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida, Lepidosperma laterale and Entolasia stricta on
the ground.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Smooth-barked Apple, Red Bloodwood, and Bastard Mahogany
mid-storey dominated by wattles, peas, cycads and Geebungs
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants, such as Kangaroo Grass, Wallaby Grasses, Wiry Panic and
Lomandras
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1879 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSD8
142
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 11 plots]:
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest (30b)
Average similarity: 49.16
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia gummifera
3.27
3.52
5.30
7.15
Angophora costata
3.00
2.87
1.89
5.83
Eucalyptus umbra
2.55
2.35
1.36
4.79
Eucalyptus punctata
1.18
0.51
0.46
1.03
Allocasuarina torulosa
1.00
0.37
0.43
0.76
Eucalyptus sparsifolia
0.82
0.21
0.24
0.43
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.13
Shrub
Doryanthes excelsa
1.45
1.20
1.67
2.44
Acacia ulicifolia
1.55
1.01
1.14
2.05
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.45
0.96
0.91
1.95
Persoonia linearis
1.18
0.91
1.17
1.86
Leptospermum trinervium
1.36
0.79
0.72
1.61
Tetratheca juncea
1.09
0.68
0.96
1.39
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.27
0.50
0.46
1.03
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
0.91
0.46
0.55
0.94
Gompholobium latifolium
0.73
0.35
0.58
0.72
Persoonia levis
0.55
0.33
0.61
0.68
Dillwynia sieberi
1.00
0.32
0.34
0.66
Platysace lanceolata
0.64
0.25
0.45
0.50
Pultenaea paleacea
0.55
0.15
0.33
0.31
Daviesia squarrosa
0.73
0.11
0.21
0.22
Acacia linifolia
0.55
0.09
0.22
0.18
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.45
0.09
0.22
0.18
Epacris pulchella
0.45
0.09
0.23
0.18
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.45
0.08
0.22
0.17
Acacia myrtifolia
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.14
Comesperma ericinum
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.14
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.14
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.36
0.06
0.24
0.13
Pultenaea tuberculata
0.36
0.06
0.24
0.13
Pultenaea villosa
0.27
0.06
0.24
0.12
Lambertia formosa
0.36
0.04
0.13
0.09
Daviesia umbellulata
0.36
0.04
0.13
0.08
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
0.45
0.09
0.22
0.18
Sub-shrub
Hovea linearis
0.45
0.09
0.22
0.18
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.27
0.99
1.16
2.02
Cycad
Macrozamia reducta
0.82
0.50
0.76
1.01
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.91
0.45
0.47
0.92
Xanthorrhoea resinosa
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.14
Grass
Themeda australis
3.64
3.56
3.02
7.24
Entolasia stricta
2.27
2.46
10.51
5.01
Panicum simile
2.00
1.61
1.34
3.28
Joycea pallida
2.09
1.29
0.72
2.61
Aristida vagans
1.55
1.23
1.21
2.51
143
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest (30b)
Average similarity: 49.16
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Imperata cylindrica
1.36
0.90
1.22
1.84
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.73
0.24
0.35
0.50
Austrostipa scabra subsp. falcata
0.45
0.08
0.23
0.17
Cymbopogon refractus
0.36
0.06
0.24
0.13
Graminoid
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
1.82
1.97
2.08
4.02
Lomandra obliqua
1.82
1.97
2.08
4.02
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.45
1.29
1.63
2.63
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
1.55
1.22
1.00
2.48
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.91
0.44
0.57
0.89
Patersonia glabrata
0.64
0.24
0.45
0.49
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.55
0.15
0.33
0.31
Lomandra glauca
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.14
Lomandra cylindrica
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.09
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.55
1.54
2.69
3.12
Herb
Phyllanthus hirtellus
2.00
2.40
16.86
4.89
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.36
1.19
1.68
2.43
Brunoniella australis
1.09
0.75
0.89
1.52
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.73
0.34
0.58
0.70
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.64
0.23
0.45
0.47
Opercularia diphylla
0.55
0.13
0.24
0.27
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.55
0.13
0.24
0.26
Gonocarpus teucrioides
0.36
0.04
0.13
0.09
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.27
1.11
1.73
2.26
Pandorea pandorana
0.55
0.34
0.61
0.69
Billardiera scandens
0.55
0.34
0.61
0.68
Hardenbergia violacea
0.64
0.23
0.45
0.47
Eustrephus latifolius
0.45
0.13
0.35
0.27
144
Coastal Plains Stringybark – Apple Forest Unit 30e
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Coastal Plains Stringybark – Apple Forest occurs on the lowlands near the F3 Freeway in the north-west of Lake
Macquarie LGA. It is dominated by Eucalyptus globoidea and Angophora costata, with some Corymbia gummifera,
Eucalyptus umbra and Eucalyptus resinifera also present. Understorey species include Pultenaea euchila, Acacia
terminalis, Dodonaea triquetra and Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cistmontanum. It is possible that this community
equates to a localised form of MU30h (Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood – Apple Forest), but requires further
investigation.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by White Stringybark, Smooth-barked Apple and Red Bloodwood
mid-storey dominated by wattles, peas and Lemon-scented Ti-Tree
ground layer of grasses and herbs, such as Kangaroo Grass, Wallaby Grasses, Wiry Panic and Lomandras
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1048 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSJ7
145
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 11 plots]:
Coastal Plains Stringybark - Apple Forest (30e)
Average similarity: 41.91
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.00
3.02
2.75
7.21
Corymbia gummifera
2.45
2.42
2.40
5.77
Eucalyptus umbra
2.18
1.66
0.96
3.97
Eucalyptus globoidea
1.09
0.55
0.57
1.32
Eucalyptus capitellata
1.09
0.30
0.30
0.72
Eucalyptus punctata
0.82
0.21
0.24
0.50
Eucalyptus piperita
0.64
0.14
0.24
0.34
Eucalyptus fibrosa
0.27
0.06
0.24
0.15
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
1.55
1.16
1.18
2.76
Shrub
Dillwynia retorta
2.36
1.64
1.12
3.92
Acacia ulicifolia
1.73
1.13
0.91
2.69
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.73
0.38
0.57
0.91
Pultenaea euchila
0.91
0.36
0.58
0.86
Dodonaea triquetra
1.00
0.30
0.34
0.73
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.64
0.25
0.45
0.60
Pultenaea paleacea
0.82
0.25
0.35
0.60
Bursaria spinosa
0.55
0.23
0.47
0.54
Persoonia linearis
0.55
0.23
0.47
0.54
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.55
0.16
0.33
0.39
Epacris pulchella
0.55
0.16
0.32
0.38
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
0.64
0.15
0.33
0.37
Persoonia levis
0.36
0.14
0.35
0.33
Acacia myrtifolia
0.73
0.13
0.35
0.32
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
0.45
0.13
0.35
0.32
Leptospermum trinervium
0.45
0.14
0.35
0.32
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.17
Gompholobium latifolium
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.16
Pultenaea retusa
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.16
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.36
0.04
0.13
0.10
Bursaria longisepala
0.27
0.02
0.13
0.06
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.27
0.02
0.13
0.06
Pultenaea villosa
0.36
0.02
0.13
0.06
Low Shrub
Hibbertia pedunculata
0.36
0.14
0.35
0.34
Opercularia varia
0.36
0.13
0.35
0.30
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.55
0.16
0.33
0.38
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.91
0.40
0.57
0.96
Lindsaea linearis
0.45
0.10
0.23
0.24
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.91
0.47
0.57
1.11
Xanthorrhoea macronema
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.17
Grass
Themeda australis
3.27
3.39
2.34
8.09
Entolasia stricta
3.00
3.22
3.95
7.69
Panicum simile
1.73
1.82
1.85
4.34
Joycea pallida
2.00
1.37
0.89
3.26
Aristida vagans
1.36
1.00
0.92
2.39
146
Coastal Plains Stringybark - Apple Forest (30e)
Average similarity: 41.91
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.45
0.96
0.77
2.28
Imperata cylindrica
1.27
0.71
0.70
1.68
Paspalidium distans
0.73
0.26
0.35
0.62
Anisopogon avenaceus
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.17
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.16
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.82
1.88
1.81
4.48
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.27
1.16
1.81
2.77
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.09
0.77
0.90
1.83
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
1.09
0.67
0.61
1.61
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
0.73
0.26
0.35
0.61
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.16
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
1.27
0.65
0.56
1.55
Lepidosperma laterale
0.64
0.24
0.45
0.58
Gahnia radula
0.73
0.14
0.24
0.33
Lepidosperma neesii
0.18
0.02
0.13
0.06
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.55
1.46
1.26
3.48
Phyllanthus hirtellus
1.00
0.58
0.57
1.39
Pratia purpurascens
0.91
0.47
0.55
1.11
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.82
0.41
0.57
0.97
Brunoniella australis
0.73
0.29
0.44
0.69
Boronia polygalifolia
0.64
0.21
0.33
0.49
Gonocarpus teucrioides
0.45
0.09
0.23
0.21
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.16
Opercularia diphylla
0.36
0.06
0.24
0.15
Stylidium graminifolium
0.36
0.06
0.24
0.15
Ground
Orchid
Calochilus spp.
0.27
0.06
0.24
0.15
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.00
0.71
0.96
1.69
Glycine clandestina
0.91
0.45
0.57
1.08
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.73
0.30
0.43
0.71
Hardenbergia violacea
0.55
0.23
0.47
0.54
Eustrephus latifolius
0.45
0.12
0.35
0.30
Parsonsia straminea
0.27
0.06
0.24
0.15
Pandorea pandorana
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.11
147
Freemans Peppermint – Apple - Bloodwood Forest Unit 30f
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Centred on Freeman’s Waterhole, this vegetation type is characterised by Eucalyptus piperita in the canopy, where it
occurs with Angophora costata and Corymbia gummifera. Understorey species include the dominant presence of
Doryanthes excelsa in the shrub layer, with Pteridium esculentum, Gompholobium latifolium, Acacia myrtifolia, Hibbertia
empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia, Podolobium ilicifolium, Bossiaea obcordata, Banksia spinulosa var. collina and
Leptospermum trinervium. On the ground, Themeda australis is common, along with Entolasia stricta, Gonocarpus
tetragynus, Brunoniella australis, Lomandra obliqua and Patersonia glabrata.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Sydney Peppermint, Smooth-barked Apple, and Red Bloodwood
mid-storey dominated by Hairpin Banksia, wattles, peas and Gymea Lily
ground layer of grasses such as Kangaroo Grass, Wiry Panic and Lomandras
often supports extensive stands of Gymea Lily
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 2807 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSG7
148
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 9 plots]:
Freemans Peppermint - Apple - Bloodwood Forest (30f)
Average similarity: 54.85
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
3.22
3.49
5.60
6.36
Angophora costata
3.11
3.44
5.42
6.27
Corymbia gummifera
3.00
3.18
4.87
5.80
Eucalyptus umbra
1.00
0.42
0.44
0.77
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.67
0.14
0.28
0.26
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
0.44
0.10
0.30
0.18
Shrub
Doryanthes excelsa
2.89
2.42
1.43
4.40
Gompholobium latifolium
1.78
1.92
3.29
3.51
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
1.44
1.42
3.33
2.58
Acacia myrtifolia
1.67
1.28
1.50
2.33
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.33
0.90
1.04
1.64
Bossiaea obcordata
1.11
0.82
1.07
1.49
Leptospermum trinervium
1.00
0.73
1.12
1.34
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.89
0.71
1.16
1.29
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.22
0.69
0.77
1.26
Pultenaea paleacea
0.89
0.53
0.81
0.97
Tetratheca juncea
1.11
0.44
0.43
0.80
Pultenaea euchila
0.89
0.39
0.44
0.70
Persoonia linearis
0.67
0.34
0.61
0.62
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.67
0.33
0.61
0.61
Persoonia levis
0.56
0.33
0.61
0.60
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.67
0.22
0.42
0.41
Epacris pulchella
0.67
0.19
0.30
0.35
Dodonaea triquetra
0.67
0.13
0.28
0.25
Lomatia silaifolia
0.44
0.11
0.30
0.19
Acacia terminalis
0.44
0.10
0.30
0.18
Platylobium formosum subsp. parviflorum
0.33
0.10
0.30
0.18
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
1.56
1.44
1.54
2.63
Tetratheca thymifolia
0.44
0.10
0.30
0.18
Ground
Fern
Pteridium esculentum
2.22
1.96
2.98
3.57
Lindsaea linearis
0.89
0.43
0.57
0.78
Lindsaea microphylla
0.33
0.11
0.30
0.19
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.67
0.13
0.27
0.24
Grass
Themeda australis
3.89
3.79
2.29
6.92
Entolasia stricta
3.00
3.18
4.94
5.80
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.67
1.65
1.64
3.01
Imperata cylindrica
1.44
1.06
1.02
1.94
Aristida vagans
1.00
0.55
0.57
1.01
Panicum simile
1.00
0.54
0.58
0.98
Anisopogon avenaceus
0.67
0.20
0.30
0.36
Paspalidium distans
0.56
0.14
0.28
0.26
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.56
1.40
1.16
2.55
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.22
21.89
2.23
Lomandra cylindrica
1.44
1.20
1.09
2.19
Patersonia glabrata
1.44
1.03
1.05
1.88
149
Freemans Peppermint - Apple - Bloodwood Forest (30f)
Average similarity: 54.85
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
0.89
0.32
0.42
0.58
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.33
0.10
0.30
0.19
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.33
0.10
0.30
0.19
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.44
1.22
1.09
2.22
Gahnia radula
0.89
0.29
0.42
0.53
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.78
1.89
1.84
3.44
Brunoniella australis
1.67
1.65
1.65
3.00
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.56
0.34
0.61
0.63
Phyllanthus hirtellus
0.78
0.32
0.41
0.58
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.44
0.11
0.30
0.19
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.11
0.81
1.07
1.48
Glycine clandestina
1.11
0.81
1.05
1.48
Hardenbergia violacea
0.67
0.52
0.83
0.95
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.78
0.50
0.83
0.91
Eustrephus latifolius
0.78
0.31
0.41
0.57
150
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest Unit 30h
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Closely related to the Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood – Apple Forest (MU30b), Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple
Forest occurs largely on Narrabeen and Permian sediment (Moon Island Beach subgroup) geology, and is floristically
simpler. Angophora costata, Corymbia gummifera and Eucalyptus umbra dominate the canopy, while Dillwynia retorta,
Pultenaea palecea, Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia and Epacris pulchella are common in the shrub layer. Themeda
australis, Entolasia stricta, Ptilothrix deusta, Joycia pallida, Lepidosperma laterale, Lomandra obliqua, Aristida warburgii,
Mirbelia rubifolia, Paspalidium distans and Gompholobium pinnatum are common in the ground layer.
Characteristic Features:
occurs at low elevations on Permian sediments
canopy dominated by Smooth-barked Apple, Red Bloodwood and Bastard Mahogany
mid-storey dominated by peas and Slender Rice Flower
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants, such as Kangaroo Grass, Wallaby Grasses, Three-awned Grass,
Wiry Panic and Lomandras
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1697 ha
SWNE3
151
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 11 plots]:
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest (30h)
Average similarity: 38.15
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.09
3.50
3.50
9.17
Corymbia gummifera
2.36
2.15
1.20
5.64
Eucalyptus umbra
2.00
1.69
0.97
4.43
Eucalyptus capitellata
1.45
0.65
0.45
1.71
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.55
0.10
0.23
0.25
Corymbia maculata
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.19
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.19
Eucalyptus piperita
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.18
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.73
0.50
0.78
1.32
Shrub
Podolobium ilicifolium
1.27
0.86
0.73
2.26
Dillwynia retorta
1.36
0.76
0.70
1.99
Persoonia linearis
0.91
0.57
0.73
1.50
Pultenaea paleacea
1.09
0.52
0.54
1.37
Epacris pulchella
0.91
0.49
0.56
1.29
Acacia myrtifolia
0.64
0.26
0.47
0.67
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.55
0.23
0.47
0.61
Gompholobium latifolium
0.64
0.21
0.33
0.55
Doryanthes excelsa
0.73
0.18
0.30
0.48
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
0.55
0.17
0.33
0.44
Leptospermum trinervium
0.55
0.17
0.33
0.44
Pultenaea villosa
0.55
0.16
0.32
0.43
Breynia oblongifolia
0.27
0.08
0.24
0.21
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.36
0.08
0.24
0.20
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.19
Dodonaea triquetra
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.18
Monotoca scoparia
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.18
Daviesia umbellulata
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.13
Leucopogon microphyllus var. microphyllus
0.55
0.05
0.13
0.13
Acacia implexa
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.07
Acrotriche divaricata
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.07
Leucopogon juniperinus
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.07
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
0.55
0.16
0.33
0.42
Sub-shrub
Hovea linearis
0.55
0.23
0.47
0.61
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.64
0.21
0.33
0.56
Gompholobium pinnatum
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.19
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.64
0.27
0.45
0.71
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
1.27
0.49
0.41
1.29
Xanthorrhoea resinosa
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.19
Xanthorrhoea macronema
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.07
Grass
Themeda australis
3.55
3.88
2.78
10.18
152
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest (30h)
Average similarity: 38.15
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Entolasia stricta
2.18
2.06
1.77
5.40
Joycea pallida
2.00
1.52
0.97
4.00
Panicum simile
1.55
1.34
1.01
3.51
Imperata cylindrica
1.55
1.04
0.78
2.73
Aristida vagans
1.27
1.02
0.92
2.68
Eragrostis brownii
0.55
0.14
0.24
0.37
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.45
0.13
0.35
0.35
Poa affinis
0.45
0.11
0.23
0.28
Aristida warburgii
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.13
Echinopogon ovatus
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.13
Paspalidium distans
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.12
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.55
1.58
1.26
4.14
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.91
0.59
0.74
1.54
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.91
0.49
0.47
1.28
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.55
0.23
0.47
0.60
Lomandra cylindrica
0.64
0.21
0.33
0.54
Lomandra longifolia
0.64
0.18
0.32
0.46
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.45
0.14
0.35
0.38
Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea
0.36
0.08
0.24
0.20
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.12
Patersonia glabrata
0.36
0.04
0.13
0.12
Dianella caerulea var. caerulea
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.07
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.27
1.00
0.78
2.62
Ptilothrix deusta
0.91
0.19
0.22
0.50
Lepidosperma neesii
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.07
Herb
Phyllanthus hirtellus
1.73
1.94
1.86
5.08
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.09
0.73
0.61
1.91
Gonocarpus teucrioides
0.82
0.39
0.44
1.02
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.73
0.29
0.35
0.76
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.55
0.18
0.33
0.47
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.55
0.13
0.24
0.35
Pratia purpurascens
0.36
0.08
0.24
0.20
Opercularia diphylla
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.19
Brunoniella australis
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.13
Stylidium graminifolium
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.07
Tricoryne elatior
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.07
Ground Orchid
Acianthus fornicatus
0.36
0.04
0.13
0.12
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.00
0.66
0.72
1.72
Glycine clandestina
0.82
0.53
0.75
1.38
Pandorea pandorana
0.73
0.39
0.59
1.03
Eustrephus latifolius
0.55
0.25
0.47
0.65
Hardenbergia violacea
0.55
0.25
0.47
0.65
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.07
Hibbertia scandens
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.07
153
West Wallsend Stringybark Forest Unit 30i
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
West Wallsend Stringybark Forest is currently mapped for areas immediately around West Wallsend in the north-west of
the LGA. This community is characterised by a dominance of stringybarks over a grassy understorey, including
Eucalyptus globoidea, Eucalyptus capitellata and Eucalyptus umbra. Angophora costata is also occasionally present.
Understorey vegetation includes a sparse shrub layer of Acacia ulicifolia, Callistemon linearis and Leptospermum
trinervium, over a dense grassy layer of Aristida vagans, Dichelachne micrantha, Entolasia stricta, Eragrostis brownii,
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis, Panicum simile, Joycea pallida and Themeda australis. The current floristic
composition of this community may reflect a history of disturbance, particular frequent fire, and further investigation is
required to determine if such disturbance drives the differences to other units in the MU30 complex.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Stringybarks, particularly Brown Stringybark, White Stringybark and Bastard Mahogany
sparse or absent mid-storey of Prickly Moses, Bottlebrush and Ti-tree
well developed ground layer of various grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 242 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSO8
154
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
West Wallsend Stringybark Forest (30i)
Average similarity: 42.18
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus umbra
3.00
4.08
-
9.68
Angophora costata
2.00
1.36
-
3.23
Eucalyptus fibrosa
1.00
1.36
-
3.23
Shrub
Acacia ulicifolia
1.00
1.36
-
3.23
Callistemon linearis
1.50
1.36
-
3.23
Leptospermum trinervium
1.50
1.36
-
3.23
Melaleuca nodosa
3.00
1.36
-
3.23
Grass
Aristida vagans
2.00
2.72
-
6.45
Dichelachne micrantha
2.00
2.72
-
6.45
Entolasia stricta
3.00
2.72
-
6.45
Eragrostis brownii
2.00
2.72
-
6.45
Panicum simile
2.50
2.72
-
6.45
Imperata cylindrica
1.00
1.36
-
3.23
Graminoid
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
2.00
2.72
-
6.45
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
1.00
1.36
-
3.23
Lomandra obliqua
1.50
1.36
-
3.23
Herb
Phyllanthus hirtellus
2.00
2.72
-
6.45
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
2.72
-
6.45
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.00
1.36
-
3.23
Opercularia diphylla
1.50
1.36
-
3.23
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.50
1.36
-
3.23
155
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood – Apple – Scribbly Gum Forest Unit 30j
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Bloodwood/ Brown Stringybark/ Hairpin Banksia heathy
open forest of coastal lowlands (101)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (MU30)
General Description:
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood – Apple – Scribbly Gum Forest occurs in the Cardiff to Valentine and Kahibah areas of
the north-eastern portion of the LGA. It occurs principally on the Boolaroo subgroup of the Permian sediments in these
areas, and supports a canopy of Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus capitellata, Eucalyptus haemastoma, and Angophora
costata. Understorey vegetation includes Leptospermum trinervium, Lambertia formosa, Epacris pulchella, Dillwynia
retorta, Banksia spinulosa and Allocasuarina littoralis, over Xanthorrhoea latifolia, Entolasia stricta, Ptilothrix deusta,
Lomandra obliqua and Themeda australis. This community is floristically very similar to Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood
– Apple Forest (MU30h), but supports Eucalyptus haemastoma as a prominent canopy component. That community also
occurs on different geological strata (Narrabeen sediments and Permian Moon Island Beach subgroup). Some limited
further investigation may help clarify relationships with this and similar units.
Characteristic Features:
canopy where Broad-leaf Scribbly Gum is prominent, and occurs with Red Bloodwood, Brown Stringybark and
Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of Ti-tree, Mountain Devil, Banksias, Black She-oak and Peas
ground layer of Grass Tree, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 203 ha
Community Conservation Status:
SWNC0
156
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 19 plots]:
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple - Scribbly Gum Forest (30j)
Average similarity: 51.71
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia gummifera
3.05
3.30
5.26
6.38
Eucalyptus capitellata
2.58
2.60
1.94
5.03
Eucalyptus haemastoma
2.58
2.52
2.01
4.87
Angophora costata
2.32
2.30
2.13
4.45
Eucalyptus umbra
0.47
0.07
0.17
0.14
Eucalyptus piperita
0.37
0.04
0.13
0.07
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
1.79
1.37
1.68
2.65
Shrub
Leptospermum trinervium
2.21
1.86
1.73
3.60
Lambertia formosa
1.95
1.63
1.44
3.16
Epacris pulchella
1.63
1.62
2.09
3.14
Dillwynia retorta
1.84
1.46
1.28
2.82
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.68
1.25
1.10
2.42
Persoonia levis
1.21
1.16
2.36
2.25
Gompholobium latifolium
1.05
0.69
0.83
1.34
Persoonia linearis
0.79
0.49
0.77
0.96
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
0.84
0.45
0.65
0.87
Tetratheca juncea
0.89
0.40
0.49
0.77
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.63
0.39
0.68
0.75
Monotoca scoparia
0.63
0.38
0.68
0.74
Isopogon anemonifolius
0.89
0.36
0.42
0.70
Bossiaea obcordata
0.84
0.34
0.48
0.66
Pultenaea paleacea
0.53
0.20
0.43
0.38
Pultenaea tuberculata
0.53
0.17
0.35
0.33
Acacia myrtifolia
0.53
0.15
0.36
0.30
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.53
0.14
0.29
0.27
Comesperma ericinum
0.37
0.11
0.31
0.22
Acacia suaveolens
0.42
0.11
0.30
0.21
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.37
0.11
0.31
0.21
Astrotricha obovata
0.42
0.09
0.23
0.18
Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea
0.26
0.07
0.25
0.14
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.37
0.07
0.24
0.14
Persoonia laurina subsp. laurina
0.26
0.07
0.25
0.14
Pittosporum undulatum
0.26
0.07
0.25
0.13
Banksia oblongifolia
0.32
0.05
0.18
0.09
Hakea sericea
0.26
0.05
0.19
0.09
Bossiaea stephensonii
0.32
0.04
0.13
0.08
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.26
0.03
0.12
0.06
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
1.37
1.02
0.88
1.98
Melichrus procumbens
0.26
0.07
0.25
0.13
Platysace ericoides
0.32
0.07
0.25
0.13
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
1.21
0.73
0.66
1.42
Hovea linearis
0.63
0.33
0.59
0.64
Gompholobium pinnatum
0.47
0.11
0.23
0.22
Prostrate
Hibbertia vestita
0.53
0.14
0.29
0.27
157
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple - Scribbly Gum Forest (30j)
Average similarity: 51.71
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Ground Fern
Lindsaea linearis
0.89
0.43
0.50
0.84
Pteridium esculentum
0.89
0.34
0.48
0.67
Schizaea bifida
0.42
0.08
0.23
0.16
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
3.00
3.11
4.22
6.02
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.95
2.96
3.89
5.72
Themeda australis
2.11
1.96
1.88
3.79
Anisopogon avenaceus
1.32
0.82
0.80
1.59
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.95
0.51
0.64
0.99
Aristida vagans
0.95
0.48
0.51
0.94
Imperata cylindrica
0.53
0.17
0.36
0.32
Joycea pallida
0.53
0.05
0.17
0.11
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.84
2.03
2.63
3.93
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.95
0.56
0.73
1.09
Lomandra glauca
1.00
0.51
0.51
0.99
Lomandra cylindrica
0.84
0.40
0.44
0.76
Patersonia sericea
0.68
0.27
0.41
0.52
Patersonia glabrata
0.58
0.18
0.30
0.35
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.47
0.16
0.36
0.30
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.53
0.14
0.25
0.26
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
2.16
2.13
2.33
4.12
Lepidosperma laterale
1.11
0.71
0.72
1.38
Cyathochaeta diandra
1.00
0.40
0.44
0.78
Herb
Phyllanthus hirtellus
1.37
1.09
0.91
2.11
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.68
0.28
0.49
0.55
Brunoniella australis
0.53
0.13
0.25
0.26
Drosera auriculata
0.47
0.11
0.24
0.21
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.37
0.07
0.24
0.14
Pratia purpurascens
0.32
0.07
0.25
0.14
Scaevola ramosissima
0.37
0.07
0.24
0.14
Logania pusilla
0.26
0.07
0.25
0.13
Ground Orchid
Cryptostylis subulata
0.58
0.19
0.35
0.36
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.47
1.28
1.34
2.48
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.05
0.68
0.83
1.32
Glycine clandestina
0.26
0.04
0.19
0.07
158
Coastal Headland Low Forest Unit 51c
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Ironbark/ Broad-leaved Mahogany/ Smooth-barked Apple coastal headland low
open forest of the Central Coast (102)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Headland Complex (MU51)
General Description:
Coastal Headland Low Forest occurs on coastal headlands and associated low hills where there is some immediate
protection from onshore winds. It is a low forest dominated by Eucalyptus umbra and Angophora costata, over an
understorey of Banksia spinulosa, Hibbertia aspera, Lasiopetalum parvifolium, Acrotriche divaricata, Leptospermum
polygalifolium and Polyscias sambuccifolia. Ground vegetation includes species such as Entolasia stricta, Dianella
caerulea, Imperata cylindrica and Lomandra longifolia. In some areas, Eucalyptus paniculata may also occur in the
canopy.
Characteristic Features:
low or stunted canopy of Bastard Mahogany and Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of Banksia, Rough Guinea-flower, Ti-tree, Elderberry Panax
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 65 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - may support Themeda grasslands on seacliffs and headlands EEC in some areas
CTHF7
159
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Coastal Headland Low Forest (51c)
Average similarity: 32.39
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus umbra
4.25
6.41
7.74
19.79
Angophora costata
2.75
3.52
3.17
10.88
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
0.75
0.24
0.41
0.74
Shrub
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
2.00
1.22
0.76
3.77
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
1.25
1.18
0.82
3.64
Lasiopetalum parviflorum
1.50
0.95
0.41
2.94
Acrotriche divaricata
0.75
0.81
0.90
2.50
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.50
0.77
0.90
2.38
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.25
0.74
0.91
2.29
Logania albiflora
0.50
0.32
0.41
0.98
Acacia myrtifolia
0.75
0.29
0.41
0.90
Pultenaea villosa
1.00
0.29
0.41
0.90
Acacia ulicifolia
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.74
Breynia oblongifolia
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.74
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
0.23
0.41
0.70
Melaleuca nodosa
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.70
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.70
Ground
Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.75
0.29
0.41
0.90
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.34
3.27
7.23
Imperata cylindrica
1.75
1.83
3.98
5.64
Themeda australis
1.50
0.51
0.41
1.56
Panicum simile
0.75
0.25
0.41
0.78
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.50
1.83
3.98
5.64
Lomandra longifolia
1.25
1.18
0.82
3.64
Lomandra obliqua
1.00
0.51
0.41
1.56
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.50
0.32
0.41
0.98
Twiner
Pandorea pandorana
1.50
1.77
0.91
5.47
Eustrephus latifolius
1.25
1.06
0.83
3.28
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.25
1.02
0.77
3.14
Billardiera scandens
1.00
0.58
0.41
1.81
Hibbertia dentata
0.75
0.32
0.41
0.98
Smilax glyciphylla
0.50
0.24
0.41
0.74
Hardenbergia violacea
0.75
0.23
0.41
0.70
160
Dry Forests (Scribbly Gum, colluvial soils)
161
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland Unit 31
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Scribbly Gum/ Red Bloodwood/ Angophora inopina heathy woodland of Central
Coast lowlands, northern Sydney Basin
GHV: Scribbly Gum/ Red Bloodwood/ Angophora inopina heathy woodland on lowlands of
the Central Coast (118)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)
General Description:
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland is a widespread community on Narrabeen sediments of the Central Coast
hinterland, which is consistently composed of Eucalyptus haemastoma, Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus capitellata and
Angophora costata in the canopy, over a diverse understorey of heathy shrubs, sub-shrubs and forbs. This community
also provides abundant habitat for threatened plant species such as Tetratheca juncea, Angophora inopina, Cryptostylis
hunteriana and Acacia bynoeana.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Scribbly Gum, Red Bloodwood, Brown Stringybark and Smooth-barked Apple
understorey dominated by heathy shrubs and sub-shrubs, such as Hill Banksia, Mountain Devil, Drumsticks
and wattles
occurs on gently undulating to hilly sediments of Triassic Narrabeen geology
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 4761 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
DRLJ4
162
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 45 plots]:
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (31)
Average similarity: 45.59
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus haemastoma
2.73
3.04
2.71
6.68
Corymbia gummifera
2.22
2.36
2.60
5.18
Eucalyptus capitellata
1.51
0.97
0.75
2.13
Angophora inopina
1.00
0.38
0.37
0.83
Angophora costata
0.51
0.12
0.27
0.27
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.78
0.34
0.48
0.74
Shrub
Epacris pulchella
1.80
2.11
2.57
4.62
Leptospermum trinervium
2.09
1.95
1.93
4.27
Banksia oblongifolia
1.91
1.72
1.25
3.78
Lambertia formosa
1.84
1.72
1.57
3.77
Pultenaea tuberculata
1.49
1.33
1.14
2.92
Persoonia levis
1.02
1.07
1.81
2.34
Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes
1.22
1.01
1.01
2.23
Isopogon anemonifolius
1.04
0.93
1.23
2.03
Dillwynia retorta
1.29
0.85
0.76
1.86
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
1.02
0.71
0.76
1.57
Platysace linearifolia
0.93
0.51
0.57
1.12
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.00
0.50
0.57
1.09
Comesperma ericinum
0.76
0.46
0.63
1.00
Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea
0.80
0.41
0.55
0.89
Petrophile pulchella
0.67
0.27
0.43
0.60
Tetratheca juncea
0.69
0.27
0.42
0.59
Bossiaea stephensonii
0.53
0.25
0.48
0.55
Leucopogon microphyllus var. microphyllus
0.71
0.25
0.33
0.55
Acacia myrtifolia
0.53
0.24
0.44
0.52
Acacia suaveolens
0.49
0.21
0.42
0.46
Pultenaea paleacea
0.58
0.16
0.29
0.34
Hakea bakeriana
0.53
0.14
0.30
0.31
Bossiaea heterophylla
0.38
0.09
0.23
0.20
Hibbertia obtusifolia
0.38
0.08
0.17
0.17
Monotoca scoparia
0.24
0.07
0.24
0.16
Bossiaea obcordata
0.31
0.05
0.18
0.12
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.33
0.06
0.16
0.12
Acacia terminalis
0.27
0.05
0.19
0.11
Gompholobium latifolium
0.24
0.05
0.19
0.10
Leucopogon esquamatus
0.29
0.04
0.14
0.10
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.24
0.04
0.17
0.09
Melaleuca sieberi
0.18
0.04
0.17
0.08
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
1.16
0.88
0.87
1.93
Melichrus procumbens
0.42
0.24
0.45
0.52
Comesperma sphaerocarpum
0.27
0.06
0.21
0.13
Leucopogon attenuatus
0.36
0.05
0.15
0.12
Platysace ericoides
0.27
0.05
0.16
0.10
Mirbelia rubiifolia
1.00
0.62
0.67
1.36
Gompholobium pinnatum
0.64
0.33
0.49
0.72
Hovea linearis
0.24
0.05
0.19
0.11
Sub-shrub
Gompholobium glabratum
0.24
0.03
0.14
0.07
163
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (31)
Average similarity: 45.59
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Prostrate Shrub
Hibbertia vestita
0.58
0.22
0.32
0.48
Ground Fern
Lindsaea linearis
1.22
0.97
0.87
2.13
Schizaea bifida
0.24
0.05
0.19
0.11
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.20
2.22
2.70
4.87
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.67
2.59
1.89
5.67
Anisopogon avenaceus
1.67
1.21
0.88
2.65
Themeda australis
1.00
0.44
0.48
0.97
Aristida warburgii
0.82
0.29
0.33
0.63
Panicum simile
0.67
0.28
0.42
0.61
Aristida vagans
0.56
0.18
0.28
0.39
Eragrostis brownii
0.38
0.07
0.18
0.15
Aristida ramosa
0.33
0.05
0.14
0.11
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.56
1.53
1.30
3.36
Patersonia sericea
1.36
1.28
1.13
2.80
Patersonia glabrata
0.91
0.51
0.58
1.12
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.67
0.28
0.38
0.61
Lomandra glauca
0.60
0.20
0.32
0.44
Haemodorum planifolium
0.33
0.07
0.21
0.15
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
2.71
2.05
0.89
4.50
Cyathochaeta diandra
0.96
0.45
0.52
0.99
Lepidosperma laterale
0.71
0.31
0.40
0.68
Lepidosperma concavum
0.76
0.26
0.35
0.56
Lepyrodia scariosa
0.36
0.05
0.15
0.11
Herb
Burchardia umbellata
0.62
0.31
0.53
0.69
Actinotus minor
0.69
0.22
0.29
0.49
Drosera auriculata
0.47
0.15
0.30
0.34
Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia
0.40
0.11
0.25
0.24
Poranthera ericifolia
0.38
0.11
0.28
0.24
Goodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea
0.40
0.09
0.21
0.21
Hybanthus monopetalus
0.36
0.10
0.26
0.21
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.36
0.08
0.20
0.17
Phyllanthus hirtellus
0.31
0.06
0.19
0.13
Stylidium graminifolium
0.31
0.06
0.18
0.13
Scaevola ramosissima
0.24
0.04
0.17
0.08
Stackhousia nuda
0.20
0.03
0.14
0.07
Tricoryne elatior
0.22
0.03
0.14
0.06
Xanthosia tridentata
0.22
0.03
0.14
0.06
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.16
0.90
0.91
1.98
Billardiera scandens
0.36
0.14
0.34
0.30
164
165
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest Unit 31j
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Scribbly Gum/ Red Bloodwood/ Angophora inopina heathy woodland on lowlands of
the Central Coast (118)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)
General Description:
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest is a substantial variant of Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31), as it
replaces Eucalyptus haemastoma in that community with Eucalyptus racemosa. Angophora costata and Corymbia
gummifera are additional key canopy species in this community, which are also shared with MU31. Other key differences
include the presence of understorey species such as Pultenaea paleacea, Daviesia ulicifolia, Pimelea linifolia and
Acacia myrtifolia, together with Xanthorrhoea latifolia, Entolasia stricta and Themeda australis on the ground. Known
from Narrabeen sandstone ridgetops between Moriseet and Catherine Hill Bay (separated by the southern reaches of
Lake Macquarie), with a small outlier near Toronto. With further investigation, this latter site may instead form the
southern extent of Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest (MU111c).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Snappy Gum, with Smooth-barked Apple and Red Bloodwood
mid-storey of Peas, Slender Rice-flower and Wattles
ground layer of grasses and Grass Trees
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 631 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
CTHJ5
166
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest (31j)
Average similarity: 47.37
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.00
4.07
28.98
8.59
Eucalyptus racemosa
3.20
4.07
28.98
8.59
Corymbia gummifera
2.60
3.11
5.19
6.56
Eucalyptus capitellata
1.00
0.56
0.57
1.18
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.60
0.13
0.32
0.28
Shrub
Pultenaea paleacea
2.40
2.31
2.43
4.88
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
1.20
0.84
0.62
1.78
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
1.20
0.84
0.62
1.77
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
1.20
0.83
0.62
1.76
Acacia myrtifolia
1.00
0.80
1.16
1.69
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.40
0.69
0.52
1.46
Lambertia formosa
1.40
0.67
0.52
1.41
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.80
0.42
0.62
0.89
Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea
0.80
0.42
0.62
0.88
Podolobium ilicifolium
0.80
0.40
0.62
0.85
Banksia oblongifolia
0.80
0.27
0.32
0.58
Epacris pulchella
0.80
0.26
0.32
0.54
Acacia terminalis
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.30
Dodonaea triquetra
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.30
Dillwynia retorta
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.29
Melaleuca sieberi
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.29
Persoonia levis
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.29
Acacia ulicifolia
0.40
0.13
0.32
0.28
Monotoca scoparia
0.60
0.13
0.32
0.28
Low Shrub
Platysace ericoides
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.29
Melichrus procumbens
0.40
0.13
0.32
0.28
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.80
0.26
0.32
0.54
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.80
0.13
0.32
0.27
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
3.40
4.20
11.29
8.86
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.71
28.98
5.73
Themeda australis
2.80
2.61
2.08
5.50
Panicum simile
1.60
1.78
2.50
3.75
Joycea pallida
1.80
1.62
1.16
3.43
Dichelachne micrantha
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.30
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.60
1.67
1.16
3.52
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.80
0.42
0.62
0.88
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
0.60
0.40
0.62
0.84
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.80
0.28
0.32
0.59
Haemodorum planifolium
1.00
0.27
0.32
0.58
Lomandra cylindrica
0.80
0.26
0.32
0.55
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.30
Patersonia sericea
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.29
167
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest (31j)
Average similarity: 47.37
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
2.20
1.81
1.12
3.81
Cyathochaeta diandra
2.00
1.76
1.12
3.72
Lepidosperma laterale
1.20
0.81
0.62
1.71
Herb
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.30
Pratia purpurascens
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.30
Thysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.30
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.60
0.13
0.32
0.28
Brunoniella australis
0.60
0.13
0.32
0.27
Ground Orchid
Cryptostylis subulata
0.60
0.39
0.62
0.83
Twiner
Hardenbergia violacea
1.40
1.25
1.02
2.65
Glycine clandestina
1.20
0.94
1.05
1.98
Billardiera scandens
0.80
0.39
0.62
0.83
168
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest Unit 111a
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)?
General Description:
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest occurs in low elevations areas on Narrabeen sediments around southern and
south-western Lake Macquarie, in between the drainage line swamp forests and the higher elevation Coastal Plains
Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31). Although similar to that community, it consistently supports Eucalyptus racemosa in
the place of Eucalyptus haemastoma, and the understorey vegetation does not contain the high abundances of heathy
species present in MU31. This vegetation type has been described and mapped for the northern parts of Wyong LGA,
with which Lake Macquarie stands are analogous.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Snappy Gum with Red Bloodwood, Brown Stringybark and Smooth-barked Apple
understorey characterised by Bracken Fern, Hop-Bush and Sydney Golden Wattle
ground layer of Kangaroo Grass, GrassTree and Wiry Panic
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 904 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHF6
169
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 21 plots]:
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest (111a)
Average similarity: 39.69
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Angophora costata
3.05
3.31
3.10
8.34
Eucalyptus racemosa
3.00
3.01
1.62
7.58
Corymbia gummifera
2.00
1.70
1.16
4.29
Eucalyptus capitellata
1.10
0.49
0.52
1.24
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
0.67
0.20
0.27
0.51
Eucalyptus globoidea
0.62
0.10
0.16
0.24
Eucalyptus haemastoma
0.29
0.04
0.16
0.10
Allocasuarina torulosa
0.29
0.03
0.11
0.07
Eucalyptus piperita
0.29
0.02
0.11
0.06
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
2.24
1.54
0.84
3.88
Shrub
Gompholobium latifolium
1.10
0.71
0.70
1.78
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
0.69
0.90
1.73
Dodonaea triquetra
1.29
0.63
0.58
1.58
Epacris pulchella
0.90
0.54
0.71
1.37
Acacia myrtifolia
1.14
0.44
0.52
1.10
Pultenaea paleacea
0.81
0.39
0.48
0.99
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.76
0.37
0.48
0.93
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
0.67
0.31
0.49
0.78
Leptospermum trinervium
0.62
0.30
0.50
0.76
Lambertia formosa
0.71
0.28
0.43
0.71
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
0.71
0.26
0.38
0.64
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
0.52
0.22
0.45
0.57
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.67
0.22
0.44
0.56
Dillwynia retorta
0.71
0.21
0.36
0.53
Persoonia levis
0.52
0.21
0.44
0.53
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.52
0.16
0.31
0.41
Persoonia linearis
0.38
0.16
0.39
0.41
Bossiaea obcordata
0.62
0.15
0.24
0.37
Acacia ulicifolia
0.48
0.14
0.32
0.34
Platysace linearifolia
0.38
0.12
0.33
0.31
Acacia terminalis
0.43
0.10
0.27
0.25
Pultenaea retusa
0.33
0.09
0.28
0.23
Bossiaea stephensonii
0.43
0.08
0.21
0.20
Lomatia silaifolia
0.29
0.06
0.22
0.15
Pittosporum undulatum
0.24
0.06
0.22
0.15
Tetratheca juncea
0.33
0.05
0.16
0.12
Hibbertia obtusifolia
0.29
0.04
0.16
0.11
Acacia falcata
0.33
0.04
0.16
0.10
Acacia implexa
0.24
0.04
0.17
0.10
Breynia oblongifolia
0.19
0.04
0.17
0.10
Persoonia laurina subsp. laurina
0.24
0.04
0.17
0.10
Acacia suaveolens
0.24
0.04
0.17
0.09
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.33
0.04
0.17
0.09
Hakea bakeriana
0.19
0.04
0.17
0.09
Pultenaea daphnoides
0.19
0.03
0.17
0.08
Jacksonia scoparia
0.29
0.02
0.11
0.05
Melaleuca sieberi
0.14
0.02
0.12
0.05
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
0.33
0.06
0.16
0.14
170
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest (111a)
Average similarity: 39.69
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Opercularia varia
0.24
0.03
0.17
0.08
Pomax umbellata
0.19
0.03
0.17
0.08
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.67
0.21
0.32
0.53
Sub-shrub
Hovea linearis
0.33
0.09
0.28
0.22
Prostrate
Shrub
Hibbertia vestita
0.24
0.02
0.11
0.06
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.57
1.39
1.54
3.51
Lindsaea linearis
0.86
0.47
0.54
1.17
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.43
0.05
0.16
0.11
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.24
1.94
1.41
4.89
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.43
2.53
2.66
6.39
Themeda australis
2.33
2.08
1.92
5.23
Imperata cylindrica
1.33
1.11
1.17
2.80
Aristida vagans
1.14
0.73
0.72
1.84
Panicum simile
1.00
0.53
0.57
1.33
Joycea pallida
0.67
0.22
0.37
0.56
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.62
0.22
0.32
0.56
Anisopogon avenaceus
0.43
0.08
0.21
0.20
Digitaria ramularis
0.29
0.04
0.17
0.11
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
0.24
0.04
0.17
0.10
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.19
1.06
1.44
2.67
Lomandra obliqua
1.29
1.02
0.84
2.57
Lomandra cylindrica
0.67
0.27
0.36
0.68
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.43
0.22
0.45
0.55
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
0.57
0.18
0.31
0.44
Lomandra longifolia
0.48
0.16
0.32
0.40
Haemodorum planifolium
0.33
0.08
0.28
0.21
Lomandra glauca
0.38
0.08
0.21
0.21
Patersonia glabrata
0.33
0.06
0.21
0.16
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.05
0.77
0.89
1.94
Cyathochaeta diandra
0.48
0.12
0.26
0.30
Ptilothrix deusta
0.43
0.11
0.26
0.28
Lepidosperma neesii
0.29
0.04
0.12
0.09
Herb
Phyllanthus hirtellus
1.29
1.02
0.84
2.57
Brunoniella australis
0.90
0.51
0.55
1.27
Pratia purpurascens
0.81
0.44
0.55
1.10
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.67
0.27
0.37
0.68
Opercularia diphylla
0.52
0.17
0.32
0.42
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.48
0.12
0.26
0.31
Gonocarpus teucrioides
0.43
0.11
0.26
0.28
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
0.33
0.08
0.28
0.21
Drosera auriculata
0.33
0.07
0.22
0.17
Stylidium graminifolium
0.33
0.04
0.16
0.10
Ground Orchid
Cryptostylis subulata
0.43
0.14
0.33
0.35
Acianthus fornicatus
0.38
0.06
0.17
0.16
171
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest (111a)
Average similarity: 39.69
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.24
1.09
1.40
2.74
Glycine clandestina
1.05
0.82
1.05
2.07
Hardenbergia violacea
0.57
0.27
0.52
0.68
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.48
0.13
0.26
0.33
Parsonsia straminea
0.29
0.10
0.28
0.24
Glycine microphylla
0.29
0.04
0.16
0.11
Eustrephus latifolius
0.19
0.02
0.12
0.05
172
Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest Unit 111c
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)?
General Description:
Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest is floristically similar to Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest (MU31j) and Kahibah
Snappy Gum Forest (MU119), and with further analysis the three may be shown to be variants of the one type. Of the
three, only MU31j occurs on Narrabeen sandstone geology while the other two lie on older Permian sediments (MU111c
on Moon Island Beach subgroup; MU119 on Adamstown subgroup). At present, Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest has
been mapped for areas immediately around the township of Killingworth in north-western Lake Macquaire, with a smaller
outlier near Fassifern. It is characterised by a canopy of Eucalyptus racemosa and Angophora costata, with occasional
Corymbia gummifera or Eucalyptus capitellata. Understorey vegetation includes Dillwynia retorta, Gonocarpus
tetragynus, Leptospermum trinervium and Acacia ulicifolia, over high abundance of Entolasia stricta, Aristida vagans,
Joycea pallida and Lomandra obliqua.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Snappy Gum and Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of Peas, Ti-trees and Wattles
well developed ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 174 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
WLSP1
173
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest (111c)
Average similarity: 56.21
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus racemosa
3.50
3.92
-
6.98
Angophora costata
2.50
2.61
-
4.65
Shrub
Dillwynia retorta
2.50
2.61
-
4.65
Leptospermum trinervium
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Acacia ulicifolia
2.00
1.31
-
2.33
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
1.50
1.31
-
2.33
Dodonaea triquetra
1.50
1.31
-
2.33
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Grass
Entolasia stricta
4.00
5.23
-
9.30
Aristida vagans
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Joycea pallida
2.50
2.61
-
4.65
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Themeda australis
2.50
2.61
-
4.65
Panicum simile
1.50
1.31
-
2.33
Graminoid
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Lomandra obliqua
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
1.00
1.31
-
2.33
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
3.00
2.61
-
4.65
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Phyllanthus hirtellus
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Pratia purpurascens
2.00
2.61
-
4.65
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.50
1.31
-
2.33
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.50
1.31
-
2.33
Hardenbergia violacea
1.00
1.31
-
2.33
174
Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest Unit 119
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)?
General Description:
Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest, as currently mapped, occurs principally on ridges and slopes of Permian geology
(Adamstown subgroup), in and around the townships of Kahibah and Whitebridge and extending to near Jewells. As with
other similar communities, Eucalyptus racemosa is diagnostic for this type, where it occurs with Corymbia gummifera,
Angophora costata and occasionally Eucalyptus piperita. Understorey vegetation includes Pteridium esculentum,
Allocasuarina littoralis, Hibbertia empetrifolia, Polyscias sambuccifolia, Dodonaea triquetra, Tetratheca juncea, Entolasia
stricta, Themeda australis and Lomandra obliqua. Some further targeted sampling and analysis is required to confirm
relationships between this unit and Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest (MU31j) and Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest
(MU111c).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Snappy Gum, Red Bloodwood and Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of Black She-oak, Bracken, Elderberry Panax, Hop Bush and Hibbertia
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, particularly Kangaroo Grass and Wiry Panic
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 129 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSO1
175
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest (119)
Average similarity: 52.96
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus racemosa
3.33
3.49
22.59
6.60
Corymbia gummifera
2.67
2.73
3.62
5.15
Angophora costata
2.67
2.70
5.04
5.09
Eucalyptus piperita
1.67
0.80
0.58
1.51
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
2.33
2.33
22.59
4.40
Shrub
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
2.00
2.33
22.59
4.40
Dodonaea triquetra
1.67
1.56
2.19
2.95
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.67
1.56
2.17
2.95
Tetratheca juncea
1.67
1.56
2.17
2.95
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.33
1.16
22.59
2.20
Persoonia levis
1.33
1.16
22.59
2.20
Epacris pulchella
1.33
0.74
0.58
1.39
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.75
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.75
Notelaea ovata
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.75
Persoonia linearis
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.75
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
3.33
3.49
22.59
6.60
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
1.67
1.53
2.61
2.89
Grass
Entolasia stricta
3.00
3.49
22.59
6.60
Themeda australis
3.00
2.73
3.69
5.15
Aristida vagans
1.33
1.16
22.59
2.20
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
1.33
0.80
0.58
1.51
Joycea pallida
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.50
Anisopogon avenaceus
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.75
Imperata cylindrica
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.75
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
2.00
2.33
22.59
4.40
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.67
1.56
2.19
2.95
Patersonia sericea
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.50
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.75
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.75
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
1.67
0.79
0.58
1.50
Lepidosperma laterale
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.75
Herb
Brunoniella australis
2.00
2.33
22.59
4.40
Phyllanthus hirtellus
2.00
2.33
22.59
4.40
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.50
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
1.33
1.16
22.59
2.20
Hardenbergia violacea
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.75
Pandorea pandorana
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.75
176
Dry Forests (Scribbly Gum, sand deposits)
177
Narrabeen Dune Forest Unit 31k
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Blackbutt/ Old Man Banksia woodland on coastal sands of
the Central and Lower North Coast (128)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)
General Description:
Narrabeen Dune Forest is evident as small sandy old alluvial dunes within the wider Narrabeen Sandstone landscape.
These deeper sand deposits support some species more typical of larger Pleistocene sand deposits along the coast,
and which are rare within the surrounding Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31). This community supports a
canopy of Corymbia gummifera with Eucalyptus haemastoma and Angophora costata, over a shrub layer of
Ricinocarpus pinifolius, Dillwynia retorta, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Platysace linearifolia, Acacia suaveolens and
Bossiaea heterophylla. At present, this type has been noted in only two locations in the Morisset district.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Red Bloodwood, Broad-leaved Scribbly Gum and Smooth-barked Apple
dense mid-storey of Wedding Bush, Ti-tree, Wattles and peas
sparse ground layer of grasses and Grass Tree
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 3 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRS98
178
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Narrabeen Dune Forest (31k)
Average similarity: 59.68
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia gummifera
3.33
3.65
39.12
6.11
Angophora costata
2.33
1.62
2.35
2.71
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
2.00
1.61
2.42
2.70
Eucalyptus haemastoma
2.67
1.59
0.58
2.66
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
1.33
1.22
39.12
2.04
Shrub
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
3.67
4.04
6.45
6.77
Dillwynia retorta
3.67
3.65
39.12
6.11
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
3.67
3.22
2.42
5.40
Platysace linearifolia
2.67
2.83
4.16
4.74
Acacia suaveolens
2.00
2.43
39.12
4.07
Acacia ulicifolia
2.00
2.43
39.12
4.07
Epacris pulchella
2.00
2.43
39.12
4.07
Bossiaea heterophylla
1.67
1.62
2.35
2.71
Banksia oblongifolia
1.67
1.61
2.42
2.70
Gompholobium latifolium
1.67
1.61
2.42
2.70
Monotoca scoparia
1.33
1.22
39.12
2.04
Leptospermum trinervium
1.67
0.80
0.58
1.35
Tetratheca juncea
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Bossiaea ensata
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.70
Persoonia levis
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.66
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Ground
Fern
Pteridium esculentum
2.33
2.43
39.12
4.07
Lindsaea linearis
1.67
1.61
2.42
2.70
Schizaea bifida
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
3.00
3.65
39.12
6.11
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.43
39.12
4.07
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.67
1.63
2.17
2.73
Lomandra longifolia
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.70
Sedge
Empodisma minus
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Cyathochaeta diandra
1.00
0.40
0.58
0.66
Gahnia clarkei
0.67
0.40
0.58
0.66
Herb
Drosera auriculata
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Mitrasacme polymorpha
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.33
0.79
0.58
1.33
Clubmoss
Selaginella uliginosa
1.33
0.80
0.58
1.35
179
Cockle Creek Dune Forest Unit 122
Keith Class: Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Apple-Blackbutt Forest (MU33)?
General Description:
Cockle Creek Dune Forest is a distinct vegetation type occurring presumably on old fluvial dunes formed by Cockle
Creek, in the north-eastern parts of the LGA. It is characterised by a canopy of Eucalyptus racemosa with Corymbia
gummifera, Banksia serrata and Angophora costata. Xanthorrhoea glauca is prominent in the understorey, together with
Lambertia formosa, Pteridium esculentum, Acacia ulicifolia, and Allocasuarina littoralis. Grasses, such as Entolasia
stricta, Imperata cylindrica and Themeda australis, comprise the ground layer vegetation. This community is broadly
similar to several threatened communities elsewhere in the region, but supports a differing suite of component species.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Snappy Gum, Red Bloodwood, Old Man Banksia and Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey characterised by often dense stands of Grass Tree, with Mountain Devil, Bracken and Wattles
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, and including Tetratheca juncea
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 13 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSA2
180
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 6 plots]:
Cockle Creek Dune Forest (122)
Average similarity: 68.27
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus racemosa
3.50
4.29
7.25
6.28
Corymbia gummifera
3.33
4.11
9.87
6.02
Angophora costata
1.67
1.40
1.20
2.05
Small Tree
Banksia serrata
2.67
2.75
2.36
4.03
Allocasuarina littoralis
2.17
2.10
2.12
3.08
Shrub
Lambertia formosa
3.67
3.69
2.02
5.41
Acacia ulicifolia
1.83
2.23
3.39
3.27
Hibbertia linearis
1.83
2.23
3.39
3.27
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
1.67
1.88
2.63
2.76
Leptospermum trinervium
1.33
1.43
4.10
2.09
Melaleuca nodosa
1.17
1.34
20.81
1.96
Persoonia linearis
1.17
1.34
20.81
1.96
Lomatia silaifolia
1.50
1.14
1.15
1.67
Acacia suaveolens
1.33
1.02
0.79
1.50
Persoonia levis
1.00
0.87
1.36
1.28
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.17
0.81
0.73
1.19
Bossiaea rhombifolia subsp. rhombifolia
1.17
0.60
0.73
0.88
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.83
0.54
0.79
0.79
Gompholobium latifolium
0.83
0.53
0.79
0.78
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.67
0.26
0.48
0.38
Tetratheca juncea
0.67
0.26
0.48
0.38
Gompholobium minus
0.50
0.26
0.48
0.37
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
3.17
3.00
1.32
4.39
Lindsaea linearis
1.67
1.74
1.36
2.55
Cycad
Macrozamia flexuosa
0.33
0.09
0.26
0.13
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea glauca subsp. glauca
5.00
6.26
7.48
9.18
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
2.68
20.81
3.92
Imperata cylindrica
2.17
2.68
20.81
3.92
Themeda australis
2.00
2.68
20.81
3.92
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
1.90
1.32
2.78
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
1.67
1.74
1.36
2.55
Lomandra cylindrica
1.50
1.43
1.23
2.10
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.83
0.54
0.79
0.80
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
1.83
2.24
3.22
3.29
Drosera auriculata
1.33
1.06
0.79
1.55
Opercularia diphylla
0.67
0.54
0.79
0.79
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.67
1.87
2.77
2.74
Billardiera scandens
1.67
1.86
2.86
2.73
Hardenbergia violacea
0.50
0.26
0.48
0.39
181
Swamp Forests (Alluvial Soils)
182
Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest Unit 37
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Swamp Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast (200)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Swamp Mahogany-Paperbark Forest is typified by the presence of Eucalyptus robusta in the canopy, and may occur
with a range of associates including Melaleuca linariifolia, Melaleuca sieberi, Eucalyptus resinifera, and Eucalyptus
tereticornis. The understorey is variable, often with a dense shrub layer of species such as Acacia longifolia, Omalanthus
nutans, Leptospermum juniperinum, Melaleuca thymifolia and Pultenaea villosa, and the sedges Gahnia clarkei,
Chorizandra cymbaria and Baloskion tetraphyllous subsp. meiostachyus. This vegetation type is common in the better
defined drainage lines. It is also a stronghold for Eucalyptus robusta in the area, a known Koala feed tree, and an
important winter-flowering eucalypt providing a food source for several other threatened fauna species.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of the dominant Swamp Mahogany
mid-storey dominated by paperbarks
ground layer of sedges and scattered shrubs, often waterlogged
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 868 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
CTHF9
183
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 7 plots]:
Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (37)
Average similarity: 33.87
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus robusta
3.71
7.18
3.39
21.19
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
0.57
0.23
0.40
0.68
Angophora costata
0.57
0.22
0.40
0.65
Eucalyptus tereticornis
0.71
0.14
0.22
0.41
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
4.14
6.53
1.25
19.27
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.29
1.15
0.61
3.40
Callicoma serratifolia
1.14
0.58
0.33
1.70
Callistemon salignus
0.29
0.08
0.22
0.23
Shrub
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.86
0.94
0.91
2.78
Leptospermum juniperinum
0.71
0.23
0.40
0.68
Dodonaea triquetra
0.57
0.15
0.22
0.43
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.29
0.12
0.22
0.36
Ground
Fern
Blechnum indicum
1.14
1.47
0.61
4.34
Pteridium esculentum
0.86
0.55
0.57
1.62
Hypolepis muelleri
1.29
0.36
0.22
1.07
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.57
0.18
0.22
0.52
Gleichenia dicarpa
0.86
0.17
0.22
0.49
Grass
Entolasia marginata
1.00
0.74
0.60
2.18
Oplismenus imbecillis
1.14
0.55
0.39
1.63
Imperata cylindrica
0.86
0.30
0.38
0.89
Paspalidium distans
0.86
0.30
0.37
0.87
Entolasia stricta
0.29
0.12
0.22
0.36
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.86
0.89
0.90
2.63
Lomandra longifolia
0.86
0.35
0.39
1.02
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
4.00
5.91
1.90
17.45
Chorizandra cymbaria
0.57
0.34
0.40
0.99
Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum
1.14
0.24
0.22
0.70
Schoenus melanostachys
0.57
0.12
0.22
0.35
Herb
Centella asiatica
0.86
0.48
0.40
1.41
Pratia purpurascens
0.86
0.48
0.40
1.41
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
0.86
0.46
0.40
1.37
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
0.57
0.18
0.22
0.52
Hydrocotyle tripartita
0.57
0.17
0.22
0.52
Dichondra repens
0.57
0.15
0.22
0.43
Persicaria strigosa
0.29
0.12
0.22
0.36
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.29
0.09
0.22
0.28
Viola hederacea
0.43
0.08
0.22
0.25
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.43
0.08
0.22
0.23
Twiner
Parsonsia straminea
0.57
0.56
0.60
1.65
Glycine clandestina
0.71
0.31
0.38
0.92
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.43
0.12
0.22
0.35
Morinda jasminoides
0.29
0.11
0.22
0.32
Kennedia rubicunda
0.29
0.08
0.22
0.25
184
Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (37)
Average similarity: 33.87
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
185
Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest Unit 37a
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Melaleuca biconvexa/ Swamp Mahogany/ Cabbage Palm swamp forest of the Central
Coast (205)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest is a vegetation type more common in the Wyong and Gosford LGAs to the south.
Within Lake Macquarie, remnants have been noted in the Coorangong and Martinsville valleys on private lands. Typical
species present in this type include Eucalyptus robusta, the characteristic Melaleuca biconvexa, and Melaleuca
linariifolia and Gahnia clarkei. No detailed sampling has yet been undertaken in this community in Lake Macquarie due
to access constraints, but it is anticipated that the full floristic composition will differ little from the more southern stands
on the Central Coast.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of emergent Swamp Mahogany, which may be absent in some small stands
dense mid-storey dominated by Biconvex Paperbark, occasionally with Flax-leaf Paperbark
ground layer of Tall Saw-sedge sedges and scattered shrubs, often waterlogged
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 26 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
WYN83
186
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest (37a)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus robusta
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus resinifera
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Melaleuca biconvexa
-
-
-
√
Melaleuca linariifolia
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
√
187
Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest Unit 37b
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Swamp Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast (200)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest is currently not shown on associated mapping, as the only remaining stands on the
Cocked Hat Creek floodplain near Edgeworth are small and fragmented, and were unknown at the time of map
production there. In this area, a partial canopy of Eucalyptus longifolia still remains, along with some Melaleuca decora,
Melaleuca nodosa and Melaleuca ericifolia. Few other native species are evident. Plot sampling is also problematic
here, as previous clearing under the canopy has resulted in dense invasion by tall grassy weeds such as Paspalum
urvellei. Ideally, better condition remnants require location and sampling, and are seen as a priority. A small area also
occurs near Wyee, but at present this patch is not included on mapping.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Woollybutt with lower Paperbarks
mid-storey of Paperbarks
ground layer of grassy weed species
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
Edgeworth
188
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest (37b)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Angophora costata
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus longifolia
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus robusta
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Pultenaea villosa
-
-
-
5.00
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
4.00
Pultenaea retusa
-
-
-
4.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
3.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Breynia oblongifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus
-
-
-
1.00
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
1.00
Persoonia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
-
-
-
1.00
Prostrate Shrub
Hibbertia vestita
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
3.00
Blechnum cartilagineum
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
2.00
Hardenbergia violacea
-
-
-
2.00
Kennedia rubicunda
-
-
-
2.00
Glycine microphylla
-
-
-
1.00
189
Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest Unit 37d
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Melaleuca biconvexa/ Swamp Mahogany/ Cabbage Palm swamp forest of the
Central Coast (205)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest occupies the broader creeklines and flats on deep alluvial soils, particularly in
the south-west of Lake Macquarie LGA. Dominant canopy species include Eucalyptus amplifolia subsp. amplifolia and
occasionally Angophora floribunda. In better condition sites, a sub-canopy of Melaleuca styphelioides, Melaleuca
linariifolia and Melaleuca decora is also present. Understorey vegetation includes the shrubs Breynia oblongifolia,
Notelaea longifolia forma longifolia, and Bursaria spinosa; the grasses Microlaena stipoides, Cymbopogon refractus and
Cynodon dactylon; the herbs Dichondra repens and Commelina cyanea; the vines Glycine tabacina, Parsonsia
straminea, Cayratia clematidea and Geitonoplesium cymosum; and the fern Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Cabbage Gum, Rough-barked Apple, and Paperbarks
mid-storey dominated by Paperbarks
ground layer of grasses and sedges
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 534 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
MRS84
190
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest (37d)
Average similarity: 56.58
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus amplifolia subsp. amplifolia
4.00
5.26
-
9.30
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
3.00
2.63
-
4.65
Acacia parramattensis
2.00
1.32
-
2.33
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
1.32
-
2.33
Maytenus silvestris
1.00
1.32
-
2.33
Melaleuca nodosa
3.50
1.32
-
2.33
Pittosporum revolutum
1.50
1.32
-
2.33
Grass
Digitaria diffusa
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Entolasia marginata
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.50
2.63
-
4.65
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.32
-
2.33
Sedge
Carex longebrachiata
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Gahnia clarkei
2.50
1.32
-
2.33
Herb
Dichondra repens
3.00
3.95
-
6.98
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
2.50
2.63
-
4.65
Oxalis perennans
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Pratia purpurascens
2.50
2.63
-
4.65
Viola hederacea
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.50
1.32
-
2.33
Twiner
Morinda jasminoides
2.00
2.63
-
4.65
Glycine clandestina
1.50
1.32
-
2.33
Hibbertia scandens
1.50
1.32
-
2.33
Pandorea pandorana
1.00
1.32
-
2.33
Parsonsia straminea
1.50
1.32
-
2.33
191
Swamp Mahogany – Tallowwood Swamp Forest Unit 37g
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Swamp Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest of coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast (200)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Swamp Mahogany – Tallowwood Swamp Forest is an interesting swamp forest variant where Eucalyptus microcorys co-
dominants with Eucalyptus robusta. Mid-layer vegetation includes Melaleuca styphelioides, Callistemon salignus and
Glochidion ferdinandi, with Gahnia clarkei, Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides, Adiantum aethiopicum and Oplismenus
imbecillis prominent on the ground. At present, this form has only been recorded at Wyee near the M1 motorway, and
additional stands may become apparent with further work, particularly to the west. There is some uncertainty regarding
how this community differs from other forms of MU37.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Swamp Mahogany, Tallowwood and Willow Bottlebrush
mid-storey of Prickly-leaf Paperbark, Willow Bottlebrush and Cheese Tree
ground layer of Tall Saw-sedge, grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 3 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
DRLR3
192
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Swamp Mahogany - Tallowwood Swamp Forest (37g)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus robusta
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus microcorys
-
-
-
4.00
Eucalyptus amplifolia subsp. amplifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
-
-
-
5.00
Callistemon salignus
-
-
-
4.00
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
3.00
Melaleuca linariifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Pittosporum revolutum
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Maytenus silvestris
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
3.00
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
5.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
4.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
2.00
Poa affinis
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
4.00
Carex longebrachiata
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
2.00
Galium propinquum
-
-
-
2.00
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
-
-
-
2.00
Pseuderanthemum variabile
-
-
-
2.00
Viola banksii
-
-
-
2.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
1.00
Sigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Parsonsia straminea
-
-
-
2.00
Eustrephus latifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Pandorea pandorana
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia scandens
-
-
-
1.00
193
Floodplain Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest Unit 38a
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Cabbage Gum/ Forest Red Gum/ Red Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark
Floodplain Forest of the Central Coast (202)
LHCCREMS: Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (MU38)
General Description:
Floodplain Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest is related to Foreshore Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest
(MU38), but occurs on larger floodplain environments distant from and to the west of the current lake shoreline (eg:
Killingworth-Teralba). Floristically the two share several species, although in this case the canopy of Eucalyptus
tereticornis and Angophora floribunda occurs over a moderately dense mid-storey of Acacia irrorata, and a rich ground
layer of species such as Entolasia marginata, Dichondra repens, Oplismenus imbecillis, Pratia purpurascens and
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Forest Redgum and Rough-barked Apple
mid-storey of Green Wattle
well developed ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 395 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
WLSP2
194
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Floodplain Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (38a)
Average similarity: 35.69
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus tereticornis
3.40
4.30
8.29
12.04
Angophora floribunda
2.00
1.43
0.92
4.01
Small
Tree
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
3.00
2.67
1.14
7.47
Melaleuca linariifolia
1.20
0.42
0.32
1.18
Melaleuca styphelioides
1.40
0.42
0.32
1.18
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
1.60
0.84
1.16
2.36
Breynia oblongifolia
1.20
0.80
1.16
2.24
Dodonaea triquetra
1.00
0.80
1.16
2.24
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.20
0.56
0.56
1.57
Bursaria spinosa
0.60
0.14
0.32
0.39
Exocarpos cupressiformis
0.40
0.13
0.32
0.35
Grass
Entolasia marginata
3.00
3.05
3.35
8.55
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.60
2.23
1.08
6.24
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.00
1.33
0.62
3.71
Imperata cylindrica
1.60
1.24
1.00
3.49
Oplismenus aemulus
1.20
0.82
0.62
2.30
Echinopogon ovatus
1.40
0.80
0.62
2.24
Digitaria diffusa
0.80
0.31
0.32
0.87
Paspalidium distans
1.00
0.27
0.32
0.75
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.80
0.86
1.16
2.41
Lomandra longifolia
0.80
0.14
0.32
0.39
Sedge
Carex longebrachiata
1.20
0.53
0.57
1.50
Gahnia clarkei
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.39
Herb
Dichondra repens
2.40
2.91
6.87
8.14
Pratia purpurascens
1.60
1.69
1.16
4.72
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
1.20
0.83
0.62
2.32
Galium propinquum
1.20
0.80
0.62
2.24
Oxalis perennans
1.20
0.80
0.62
2.24
Centella asiatica
0.80
0.28
0.32
0.78
Hydrocotyle tripartita
0.80
0.28
0.32
0.78
Pseuderanthemum variabile
0.80
0.25
0.32
0.71
Commelina cyanea
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.41
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.39
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.60
1.72
1.16
4.82
Polymeria calycina
1.00
0.54
0.56
1.51
Geitonoplesium cymosum
0.80
0.41
0.62
1.16
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.39
Hardenbergia violacea
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.39
Hibbertia scandens
0.40
0.14
0.32
0.39
195
Apple - Palm Gully Forest Unit 39
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Cabbage Palm/ Broad-leaved Mahogany woodland on
Wallarah Peninsular (163)
LHCCREMS: Apple-Palm Gully Forest (MU39)
General Description:
Apple - Palm Gully Forest was originally defined during the REMS2000 regional project, but has not yet been examined
since in any detail. This community occurs on narrow alluvial deposits in the well-protected gullies of the Wallarah
Peninsula in the south-east, and is typified by a canopy of Livistona australis, Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus
paniculata. Other characteristic species include Melaleuca styphelioides, Acmena smithii, Diospyros australis,
Pittosporum undulatum and Glochidion ferdinandi, over a ground layer of Adiantum aethiopicum, Oplismenus imbecillis
and Dioscorea transversa. Apple (Angophora costata), as defined in the original circumscription, is not apparent in areas
sampled to date.
Characteristic Features:
emergent canopy of Cabbage tree Palm with Spotted Gum and Grey Ironbark
mid-storey of Cabbage Tree Palm, Paperbark, Lily Pily and Sweet Pittosporum
sparse ground layer of ferns and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 21 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHI7
196
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Apple Palm Gully Forest (39)
Average similarity: 53.97
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Acmena smithii
3.50
4.76
-
8.82
Corymbia maculata
3.00
4.76
-
8.82
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
3.00
4.76
-
8.82
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
3.00
4.76
-
8.82
Diospyros australis
3.00
3.17
-
5.88
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
2.00
3.17
-
5.88
Palm
Livistona australis
4.50
6.35
-
11.76
Shrub
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
2.50
3.17
-
5.88
Pittosporum undulatum
2.00
3.17
-
5.88
Pittosporum revolutum
1.00
1.59
-
2.94
Ground Fern
Adiantum aethiopicum
2.00
3.17
-
5.88
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
3.17
-
5.88
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
1.00
1.59
-
2.94
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.50
1.59
-
2.94
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
2.00
3.17
-
5.88
Smilax australis
1.50
1.59
-
2.94
197
Red Mahogany – Apple – Paperbark Forest Unit 42
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Mahogany/ Swamp Mahogany/ Melaleuca sieberi heathy
swamp woodland of coastal lowlands (131)
LHCCREMS: Riparian Melaleuca Swamp Woodland (MU42)
General Description:
Red Mahogany – Apple – Paperbark Forest occupies shallow drainage lines and open depressions, such as on the
lowlands around Awaba. It comprises Eucalyptus resinifera, Angophora costata, Melaleuca linariifolia, Melaleuca sieberi
and Eucalyptus globoidea in the canopy, over a sparse understorey of Acacia longifolia, Pultenaea villosa and Banksia
spinulosa var. collina in the shrub layer, and several grasses and sedges on the ground. Gahnia clarkei can be common,
although generally not in large, dense stands.
Characteristic Features:
occurs in broad drainage lines
canopy dominated by Red Mahogany, Smooth-barked Apple, White Stringybark and paperbarks
mid-storey dominated by Sydney Golden Wattle, peas and Hairpin Banksia
ground layer of sedges and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 855 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
SWND3
198
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 11 plots]:
Red Mahogany - Apple Paperbark Forest (42)
Average similarity: 29.95
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
2.27
2.20
1.14
7.34
Angophora costata
1.45
1.01
0.58
3.36
Eucalyptus robusta
1.55
0.98
0.59
3.27
Angophora inopina
0.73
0.23
0.33
0.77
Corymbia gummifera
0.36
0.08
0.24
0.26
Eucalyptus globoidea
0.36
0.03
0.13
0.09
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
1.64
0.78
0.42
2.61
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
0.64
0.26
0.33
0.86
Callistemon salignus
0.27
0.08
0.24
0.26
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.36
0.07
0.24
0.24
Callicoma serratifolia
0.36
0.06
0.13
0.21
Shrub
Melaleuca sieberi
2.18
1.58
0.74
5.27
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.91
1.55
1.03
5.16
Leptospermum juniperinum
1.45
1.01
0.92
3.37
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.27
0.88
0.86
2.92
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.09
0.83
0.93
2.77
Pultenaea paleacea
1.09
0.51
0.47
1.69
Pultenaea villosa
1.00
0.47
0.57
1.58
Banksia oblongifolia
0.82
0.41
0.59
1.37
Melaleuca thymifolia
0.91
0.31
0.31
1.03
Dodonaea triquetra
0.64
0.20
0.33
0.66
Melaleuca nodosa
0.91
0.16
0.19
0.53
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
0.45
0.10
0.22
0.34
Epacris pulchella
0.45
0.10
0.22
0.32
Dillwynia retorta
0.27
0.07
0.24
0.25
Pultenaea retusa
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.16
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
0.36
0.08
0.24
0.26
Opercularia varia
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.09
Ground
Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.36
0.09
0.24
0.29
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.45
0.06
0.13
0.19
Calochlaena dubia
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.10
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.55
2.69
1.59
8.98
Themeda australis
1.27
0.83
0.70
2.78
Imperata cylindrica
0.91
0.55
0.47
1.85
Panicum simile
1.00
0.44
0.43
1.47
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.73
0.19
0.23
0.64
Oplismenus imbecillis
0.55
0.17
0.24
0.55
Entolasia marginata
0.64
0.16
0.24
0.52
Dichelachne micrantha
0.45
0.11
0.22
0.37
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
0.45
0.08
0.24
0.27
Digitaria diffusa
0.36
0.06
0.13
0.19
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
1.09
0.73
0.71
2.45
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.91
0.66
0.71
2.19
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
2.45
2.48
1.38
8.29
199
Red Mahogany - Apple Paperbark Forest (42)
Average similarity: 29.95
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Lepyrodia scariosa
1.82
1.06
0.59
3.55
Empodisma minus
1.36
0.68
0.46
2.28
Schoenus melanostachys
1.18
0.56
0.47
1.86
Schoenus brevifolius
0.73
0.23
0.32
0.76
Schoenus apogon
0.55
0.15
0.24
0.51
Chorizandra cymbaria
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.17
Eurychorda complanata
0.55
0.05
0.13
0.17
Ptilothrix deusta
0.73
0.05
0.13
0.16
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
1.55
1.50
1.01
5.01
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
0.55
0.17
0.24
0.57
Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. ramosissimus
0.55
0.15
0.24
0.51
Burchardia umbellata
0.45
0.15
0.35
0.50
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
0.45
0.10
0.23
0.35
Lobelia anceps
0.36
0.06
0.13
0.19
Pratia purpurascens
0.36
0.05
0.13
0.18
Dichondra repens
0.27
0.03
0.13
0.10
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.00
0.74
0.71
2.48
Polymeria calycina
0.64
0.31
0.45
1.03
Glycine clandestina
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.10
Clubmoss
Selaginella uliginosa
0.45
0.11
0.22
0.36
200
Wyee Turpentine – Red Mahogany – Apple Riparian Forest Unit 42c
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Smooth-barked Apple/ Red Mahogany/ Swamp Mahogany/ Melaleuca sieberi
heathy swamp woodland of coastal lowlands (131)
LHCCREMS: Riparian Melaleuca Swamp Woodland (MU42)
General Description:
Wyee Turpentine – Red Mahogany – Apple Riparian Forest represents a riparian community of interest requiring further
investigation. It is currently known from two locations at Wyee and near Morisset, and the presence of Syncarpia
glomulifera in it distinguished it from related types. Dominant canopy species include Eucalyptus resinifera, Angophora
costata and Syncarpia glomulifera, over Glochidion ferdinandi, Melaleuca sieberi and Allocasuarina littoralis. Targeted
sampling and assessment will likely subsume this type back as a localised variant of Red Mahogany – Apple –
Paperbark Forest (MU42).
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Red Mahogany and Smooth-barked Apple with Turpentine
mid-storey of Cheese Tree, Paperbark and She-oak
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 14 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
No photo
201
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Wyee Turpentine – Red Mahogany – Apple Riparian Forest (42c)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Angophora costata
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus resinifera
-
-
-
√
Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littorlais
-
-
-
√
Melaleuca sieberi
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
√
Banksia oblongifolia
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
202
Swamp Forests (Coastal Sands)
203
Coastal Sand Swamp Forest Unit 37e
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Swamp Mahogany/ Broad-leaved Paperbark/ Swamp Water Fern/ Plume Rush
swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast and lower North Coast (207)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Coastal Sand Swamp Forest occurs on coastal sand deposits where drainage is poor. It is characterised by dense
stands of Melaleuca quinquenervia with scattered Eucalyptus robusta. Understorey vegetation generally contains
Gahnia clarkei, various ground ferns and a small number of other sedge species, and is dependent on water depth and
degree of waterlogging. Coastal Sand Swamp Forest is a common component of coastal sandplain vegetation along the
New South Wales coastline.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Broad-leaved Paperbark with scattered Swamp Mahogany
little or no understorey vegetation
often waterlogged and supports grasses, ferns, herbs and/or sedges on the ground
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 346 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC (?)
SWNB9
204
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Coastal Sand Swamp Forest (37e)
Average similarity: 24.65
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia
6.00
19.38
4.76
78.64
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
0.67
1.15
0.58
4.66
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
0.67
0.82
0.58
3.34
Grass
Entolasia marginata
1.67
1.65
0.58
6.68
Oplismenus imbecillis
1.00
0.82
0.58
3.34
Herb
Viola hederacea
1.67
0.82
0.58
3.34
205
Swamp Mahogany – Livistona Swamp Forest Unit 37f
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Broad-leaved Paperbark/ Swamp Mahogany/ Swamp Oak/ Saw Sedge swamp forest
of the Central Coast and lower North Coast (199)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Swamp Mahogany – Livistona Swamp Forest occurs principally on the poorly drained sand flats around Pelican and
Belmont South. It comprises a distinct canopy of Livistona australis with Eucalyptus robusta and occasional Melaleuca
quinquenervia and Casuarina glauca. A scattered mid-layer of species such as Ficus coronata and Omalanthus
populifolius occurs with young Livistona over a ground layer of Hypolepis muelleri, Oplismenus imbecillis, Commelina
cyanea and Gahnia clarkei. As with many communities where Livistona is characteristic, considerable frond-fall litter
prevents the development of a diverse ground layer.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Cabbage Tree Palm, Broad-leaf Paperbark, Swamp Mahogany and Swamp Oak
mid-storey of Cabbage Tree Palm and Sandpaper Fig
ground layer of extensive frond-fall, with some ferns and Tall Saw-sedge
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 54 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
SWNH8
206
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Swamp Mahogany - Livistonia Swamp Forest (37f)
Average similarity: 60.78
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia
3.00
6.81
5.56
11.21
Casuarina glauca
2.33
4.94
1.42
8.13
Small Tree
Ficus coronata
2.00
5.90
15.13
9.71
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
1.33
1.83
0.58
3.01
Palm
Livistona australis
5.33
14.75
15.13
24.27
Shrub
Omalanthus nutans
1.67
2.95
15.13
4.85
Ground Fern
Hypolepis muelleri
2.00
2.95
15.13
4.85
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
5.90
15.13
9.71
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
0.91
0.58
1.50
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
1.00
2.95
15.13
4.85
Herb
Commelina cyanea
1.67
3.94
2.24
6.49
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
1.33
2.08
0.58
3.43
Dichondra repens
1.00
0.91
0.58
1.50
Twiner
Stephania japonica var. discolor
1.67
3.94
2.24
6.49
207
Dune Swale Swamp Forest Unit 37j
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Swamp Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest of coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast (200)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Dune Swale Swamp Forest occurs in poorly drained drainage lines on coastal sandplains. It supports a low canopy of
Eucalyptus robusta over a scrubby understorey of species such as Callicoma serratifolia, Elaeocarpus reticulatus,
Dodonaea triquetra, Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cistmontanum and Pteridium esculentum. Ground layer
vegetation is distinct in the high abundance of Baloskion tetraphyllum, Gahnia clarkei and Entolasia marginata. This
vegetation type is currently poorly sampled (a single sample from Awabakal NR), and further clarification of species
composition is required through additional sampling.
Characteristic Features:
low canopy of Swamp Mahogany
scrubby mid-storey of Black Wattle, Blueberry Ash, Hop-bush and Ti-tree
dense ground layer of Plume Rush and Tall Saw-sedge
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 52 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC (?)
SWN32
208
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Dune Swale Swamp Forest (37j)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus robusta
-
-
-
4.00
Small Tree
Callicoma serratifolia
-
-
-
5.00
Elaeocarpus reticulatus
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
2.00
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
-
-
-
2.00
Leptospermum juniperinum
-
-
-
2.00
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
-
-
-
2.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Callistemon citrinus
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
3.00
Blechnum indicum
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
3.00
Echinopogon ovatus
-
-
-
1.00
Dichelachne micrantha
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
5.00
Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum
-
-
-
5.00
Herb
Centella asiatica
-
-
-
2.00
Twiner
Hibbertia dentata
-
-
-
2.00
Cassytha pubescens
-
-
-
1.00
Smilax glyciphylla
-
-
-
1.00
Aquatic Herb
Villarsia exaltata
-
-
-
2.00
209
Swamp Forests (Lake Foreshore)
210
Foreshore Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest Unit 38
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Cabbage Gum/ Forest Red Gum/ Red Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark
Floodplain Forest of the Central Coast (202)
LHCCREMS: Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (MU38)
General Description:
Foreshore areas on alluvial flats of Lake Macquarie and associated lagoons support a fringing community of Foreshore
Redgum – Apple Forest. This community of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Angophora floribunda is restricted in distribution
in the region, and has commonly been converted to foreshore parks and picnic areas. Some good intact examples occur
in the Eraring area, and Landcare groups have been removing extensive stands of Lantana from these stands.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Forest Redgum, Rough-barked Apple and occasionally Swamp Oak occuring as a fringe along
estuarine water bodies
understorey often with Lantana, but otherwise supporting scattered shrubs
ground layer vegetation includes sedges and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 369 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
SWNB6
211
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 5 plots]:
Foreshore Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (38)
Average similarity: 26.19
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus tereticornis
3.40
5.48
2.45
20.92
Angophora floribunda
1.80
1.77
0.62
6.75
Casuarina glauca
1.80
1.74
0.61
6.63
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
1.00
0.34
0.32
1.32
Melaleuca styphelioides
0.60
0.19
0.32
0.73
Shrub
Breynia oblongifolia
1.20
1.44
0.96
5.50
Dodonaea triquetra
2.00
0.82
0.50
3.13
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
0.48
0.62
1.82
Clerodendrum tomentosum
0.80
0.47
0.32
1.80
Pittosporum undulatum
0.80
0.47
0.32
1.80
Acacia implexa
0.60
0.24
0.32
0.90
Exocarpos cupressiformis
0.40
0.21
0.32
0.80
Rubus parvifolius
0.40
0.21
0.32
0.79
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
0.60
0.17
0.32
0.66
Ground
Fern
Pteridium esculentum
0.80
0.59
0.62
2.25
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.80
0.38
0.32
1.47
Grass
Imperata cylindrica
2.60
2.02
0.97
7.72
Oplismenus aemulus
1.20
1.26
0.62
4.81
Themeda australis
2.20
0.93
0.48
3.56
Entolasia marginata
1.00
0.58
0.61
2.21
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
0.80
0.47
0.32
1.80
Aristida vagans
0.40
0.17
0.32
0.66
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
1.20
1.21
0.98
4.64
Dianella caerulea var. assera
0.40
0.17
0.32
0.66
Dianella caerulea var. caerulea
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.57
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.58
Herb
Viola hederacea
0.80
0.33
0.32
1.26
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.80
0.30
0.32
1.15
Pratia purpurascens
0.80
0.30
0.32
1.15
Geranium homeanum
0.60
0.18
0.32
0.68
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.58
Twiner
Eustrephus latifolius
1.00
0.74
0.57
2.83
Polymeria calycina
1.00
0.63
0.58
2.39
Cayratia clematidea
0.80
0.47
0.32
1.80
Stephania japonica var. discolor
1.00
0.47
0.32
1.80
Glycine clandestina
0.60
0.19
0.32
0.72
Glycine microphylla
0.60
0.15
0.32
0.58
212
Foreshore Redgum – Ironbark Forest Unit 38c
Keith Class: Coastal Valley Grassy Woodlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Cabbage Gum/ Forest Red Gum/ Red Mahogany/ Flax-leaved Paperbark
Floodplain Forest of the Central Coast (202)
LHCCREMS: Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (MU38)
General Description:
Related to Foreshore Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest (MU38), Foreshore Redgum – Ironbark Forest occurs as
remnant stands around the foreshore of Lake Macquarie, typically on clayey footslopes rather than alluvial deposits.
Eucalyptus tereticornis and Angophora floribunda are joined by Eucalyptus paniculata and Eucalyptus siderophloia in
the canopy, over a scattered shrub layer of Melaleuca nodosa, Acacia falcata and Glochidion ferdinandi. The well-
developed ground layer is dominated by Lomandra longifolia, Entolasia stricta, Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides,
Panicum simile and Imperata cylindrica. Further investigation is required, including additional sampling, to ascertain
relationships between all units currently ascribed to MU38.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Forest Redgum, Rough-barked Apple with Grey Ironbark or Northern Ironbark
scattered mid-storey of Paperbark, Wattles and Cheese Tree
well developed ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 71 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
SWNI7
213
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Foreshore Redgum - Ironbark Forest (38c)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Angophora floribunda
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus tereticornis
-
-
-
3.00
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
2.00
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
3.00
Pittosporum undulatum
-
-
-
2.00
Leucopogon juniperinus
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia falcata
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia ulicifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Notelaea longifolia f. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia implexa
-
-
-
1.00
Pittosporum revolutum
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
3.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
3.00
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
2.00
Dichelachne micrantha
-
-
-
2.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
2.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
2.00
Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus
-
-
-
2.00
Andropogon virginicus
-
-
-
2.00
Cynodon dactylon
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
4.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
2.00
Gahnia clarkei
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Centella asiatica
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
2.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
2.00
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
2.00
Desmodium gunnii
-
-
-
1.00
Arthropodium milleflorum
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Glycine tabacina
-
-
-
1.00
214
Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest Unit 40
Keith Class: Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Swamp Oak/ Sea Rush/ Baumea juncea swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast and lower North Coast (209)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Oak - Rushland Forest (MU40)
General Description:
Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest occurs adjacent to tidal estuaries on Lake Macquarie and associated inlets. Swamp Oak
(Casuarina glauca) clearly dominates this community, with an understorey of sedges and rushes such as Juncus
kraussii subsp. australiensis and Baumea juncea, and the herb Apium prostratum. Areas that have been previously
cleared and then left to regenerate are quickly re-colonised by monospecific stands of Swamp Oak (eg: on Crooked
Creek at Myuna Bay), however other components of the community do not always return, and are replaced by weed
species.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated exclusively by Swamp Oak
understorey of sedges and estuarine herbs
occurs in saline areas close to the lake edge
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 256 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest EEC
SWNC4
215
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Swamp Oak - Rushland Forest (40)
Average similarity: 43.95
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Casuarina glauca
5.33
24.63
19.95
56.05
Eucalyptus tereticornis
1.00
1.55
0.58
3.53
Grass
Zoysia macrantha
2.33
4.65
0.58
10.58
Sporobolus virginicus
2.33
1.71
0.58
3.89
Sedge
Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis
3.33
11.40
5.15
25.95
216
Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest Unit 40d
Keith Class: Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Swamp Oak/ Sea Rush/ Baumea juncea swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast and lower North Coast (209)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Oak - Rushland Forest (MU40)
General Description:
Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest occurs in localised stands on some exposed headlands on the edge of
Lake Macquarie, and also on one coastal headland near Catherine Hill Bay. Casuarina glauca dominates the canopy in
these areas, over an understorey of Acacia longifolia, Breynia oblongifolia, Myrsine variabilis and Pteridium esculentum.
At Catherine Hill Bay, the large sedge Gahnia melanocarpa is prominent. There is some uncertainty over whether some
or all of these stands are the result of previous clearing events, which have subsequently re-established as dense
stands of Casuarina glauca. Similar effects have been noted to the south in Pittwater LGA.
Characteristic Features:
canopy of Swamp Oak in headland locations
sparse mid-storey of Wattles, Muttonwood and Coffee Bush
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs, including Black-fruit Saw-sedge
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHI9
217
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest (40d)
Average similarity: 18.80
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Casuarina glauca
5.50
8.55
-
45.45
Shrub
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
1.71
-
9.09
Breynia oblongifolia
1.50
1.71
-
9.09
Myrsine variabilis
1.50
1.71
-
9.09
Westringia fruticosa
1.00
1.71
-
9.09
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
1.50
1.71
-
9.09
Twiner
Eustrephus latifolius
1.00
1.71
-
9.09
218
Swamp Forests (Scrub-Forests)
219
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest Unit 43a
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Prickly-leaf Paperbark/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest on poorly drained soils
of the Central Coast (197)
LHCCREMS: Wyong Paperbark Swamp Forest (MU43)
General Description:
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest occurs in limited extent on compacted clay soils near estuarine swamp systems. It is
characterised by dense thickets of paperbarks (Melaleuca nodosa, Melaleuca sieberi) with stunted emergent eucalypts
such as Eucalyptus resinifera, Eucalyptus paniculata or Angophora costata. Understorey vegetation is often limited,
although clumps of Gahnia clarkei and Baumea juncea are typical. Grasses, such as Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides,
are common. As all forms of MU43 have been poorly sampled, further investigation is required to determine relationships
between this community and the related units White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest (MU43e) and Forest Redgum
– Paperbark Scrub-Forest (MU43f), which may simply be variants of the one community.
Characteristic Features:
low canopy of dense stands of Paperbark
very sparse understorey vegetation, but grasses obvious
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 91 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
SWND1
220
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 9 plots]:
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub Forest (43a)
Average similarity: 41.27
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
2.00
2.23
1.53
5.39
Angophora costata
1.33
0.73
0.56
1.78
Angophora floribunda
0.44
0.04
0.17
0.11
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
0.44
0.12
0.30
0.29
Melaleuca linariifolia
0.22
0.04
0.17
0.11
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
5.89
10.31
3.42
24.98
Melaleuca sieberi
1.00
0.80
0.76
1.94
Pittosporum undulatum
0.78
0.79
0.78
1.92
Breynia oblongifolia
0.89
0.56
0.56
1.35
Dodonaea triquetra
0.56
0.52
0.58
1.27
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.67
0.44
0.61
1.07
Leucopogon juniperinus
0.89
0.38
0.41
0.92
Melaleuca decora
0.78
0.26
0.30
0.64
Epacris pulchella
0.22
0.04
0.17
0.11
Pultenaea euchila
0.33
0.04
0.17
0.11
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
0.67
0.24
0.30
0.59
Adiantum aethiopicum
0.44
0.14
0.30
0.33
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
0.22
0.04
0.17
0.11
Grass
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
2.78
2.90
1.61
7.03
Entolasia stricta
2.00
1.85
1.49
4.49
Imperata cylindrica
1.33
1.15
1.06
2.79
Panicum simile
0.78
0.45
0.59
1.08
Oplismenus imbecillis
0.89
0.36
0.41
0.88
Themeda australis
0.44
0.13
0.30
0.32
Paspalidium distans
0.44
0.12
0.30
0.29
Eragrostis brownii
0.33
0.04
0.17
0.11
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.33
1.43
1.59
3.48
Lomandra longifolia
0.67
0.30
0.41
0.74
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.44
0.09
0.17
0.21
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
1.00
0.69
0.80
1.68
Lepidosperma laterale
0.56
0.17
0.28
0.42
Herb
Pratia purpurascens
1.67
2.11
1.60
5.12
Lagenophora stipitata
1.56
1.85
1.49
4.49
Dichondra repens
1.33
1.06
0.79
2.58
Oxalis perennans
0.89
0.91
1.16
2.21
Opercularia diphylla
1.11
0.90
0.77
2.17
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
1.11
0.87
0.61
2.11
Brunoniella australis
1.00
0.68
0.58
1.66
Gonocarpus tetragynus
0.78
0.38
0.41
0.92
Drosera auriculata
0.67
0.27
0.30
0.65
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
0.44
0.25
0.44
0.61
Arthropodium minus
0.56
0.17
0.28
0.41
Viola hederacea
0.44
0.13
0.30
0.33
221
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub Forest (43a)
Average similarity: 41.27
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Veronica plebeia
0.33
0.13
0.30
0.32
Ground Orchid
Pterostylis longifolia
0.56
0.19
0.28
0.46
Pterostylis spp.
0.44
0.09
0.17
0.21
Acianthus fornicatus
0.44
0.08
0.17
0.20
Twiner
Parsonsia straminea
1.67
1.82
1.56
4.41
Glycine clandestina
1.00
0.75
0.76
1.83
Billardiera scandens
0.67
0.29
0.42
0.71
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.56
0.25
0.44
0.60
Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides
0.33
0.12
0.30
0.30
Polymeria calycina
0.44
0.08
0.17
0.19
Hardenbergia violacea
0.22
0.04
0.17
0.11
222
White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest Unit 43e
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Prickly-leaf Paperbark/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest on poorly drained soils
of the Central Coast (197)
LHCCREMS: Wyong Paperbark Swamp Forest (MU43)
General Description:
White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest occupies a similar landscape position to Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest
(MU43a), and differs principally in the replacement of Eucalyptus resinifera and Eucalyptus paniculata with Eucalyptus
globoidea in the emergent canopy. The mid-storey comprises a dense layer of Melaleuca nodosa and Melaleuca decora
(replacing Melaleuca sieberi in MU43a), over a sparse shrub layer but well developed ground layer. As all forms of
MU43 have been poorly sampled, further investigation is required to determine relationships between this community
and the related units Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest (MU43a) and Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest
(MU43f).
Characteristic Features:
emergent canopy of White Stringybark and Smooth-barked Apple
dense mid-storey of Paperbarks (Melaleuca nodosa, Melaleuca decora)
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 11 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
MRSA4
223
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
White Stringybark Paperbark Scrub Forest (43e)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus globoidea
-
-
-
3.00
Angophora costata
-
-
-
3.00
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
-
-
-
2.00
Small Tree
Callistemon salignus
-
-
-
1.00
Allocasuarina littoralis
-
-
-
1.00
Duboisia myoporoides
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
5.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Melaleuca decora
-
-
-
2.00
Leucopogon juniperinus
-
-
-
2.00
Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Pultenaea retusa
-
-
-
1.00
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
1.00
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Epacris pulchella
-
-
-
1.00
Leptospermum trinervium
-
-
-
1.00
Ozothamnus diosmifolius
-
-
-
1.00
Pittosporum undulatum
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
2.00
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
-
-
-
2.00
Adiantum aethiopicum
-
-
-
2.00
Lindsaea microphylla
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
3.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
3.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
3.00
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
3.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Eragrostis brownii
-
-
-
2.00
Aristida vagans
-
-
-
2.00
Themeda australis
-
-
-
2.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
2.00
Echinopogon ovatus
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla
-
-
-
2.00
Lagenophora stipitata
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
2.00
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
-
-
-
2.00
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
2.00
Brunoniella australis
-
-
-
2.00
224
White Stringybark Paperbark Scrub Forest (43e)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tricoryne elatior
-
-
-
2.00
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea
-
-
-
1.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
1.00
Boronia polygalifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Parsonsia straminea
-
-
-
2.00
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
2.00
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Polymeria calycina
-
-
-
2.00
Hardenbergia violacea
-
-
-
1.00
225
Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest Unit 43f
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Prickly-leaf Paperbark/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest on poorly drained soils
of the Central Coast (197)
LHCCREMS: Wyong Paperbark Swamp Forest (MU43)
General Description:
Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest also occupies a similar landscape position to Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-
Forest (MU43a), but supports Eucalyptus tereticornis in the emergent canopy. The mid-storey comprises a dense layer
of Melaleuca nodosa, over a sparse shrub layer and well developed ground layer. As all forms of MU43 have been
poorly sampled, further investigation is required to determine relationships between this community and the related units
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest (MU43a) and White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest (MU43f).
Characteristic Features:
emergent scattered canopy of Forest Redgum
dense mid-storey of Paperbarks (Melaleuca nodosa)
ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 11 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
WLSN0
226
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest (43f)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Tree
Eucalyptus tereticornis
-
-
-
√
Eucalyptus resinifera
-
-
-
√
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
√
Dodonaea triquetra
-
-
-
√
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis
-
-
-
√
Baumea juncea
-
-
-
√
227
Scrubs & Thickets (Alluvial Soils)
228
Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket Unit 42a
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Flax-leaved Paperbark/ Tall Sedge shrubland of the Sydney Basin (208)
LHCCREMS: Melaleuca Scrub (MU42a)
General Description:
Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket occurs as dense stands of Melaleuca linariifolia within shallow drainage lines on
the coastal plains, where impeded drainage supports a dense ground layer of Gahnia clarkei. Other common species
include the shrub Glochidion ferdinandi and the tree ferns Cyathea australis and/or Cyathea leichhardtiana. This
community represents one of several where Meleluca linariifolia forms an important component, and further investigation
is required to elucidate relationships between them.
Characteristic Features:
scattered canopy of Red Mahogany or Sydney Peppermint
dense mid-storey of Flax-leaved Paperbark
dense ground layer of Tall Saw-sedge
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 11 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
SWNB4
229
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket (42a)
Average similarity: 63.64
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
2.50
6.06
-
9.52
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
4.50
12.12
-
19.05
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
4.00
9.09
-
14.29
Shrub
Clerodendrum tomentosum
1.00
3.03
-
4.76
Ground Fern
Cyathea australis
1.50
3.03
-
4.76
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
6.06
-
9.52
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
6.00
18.18
-
28.57
Herb
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.50
3.03
-
4.76
Twiner
Parsonsia straminea
1.50
3.03
-
4.76
230
Swamp Paperbark Thicket Unit 100a
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Swamp Paperbark/ Baumea juncea swamp shrubland on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast and lower North Coast (212)
LHCCREMS: Closed Heath/ Scrub (Ti-tree) (Payne, 1999) (MUQa13)
General Description:
Swamp Paperbark Thicket occurs principally as a fringe around coastal estuaries or lagoons.This fringe is typically less
than 20m in width, and dominated by a low canopy of Melaleuca ericifolia over Baumea juncea, Phragmites australis
and Centella asiatica. Similar vegetation also occurs in previously cleared floodplain habitats, such as in the Mandalong
Valley, where Melaleuca ericifolia forms small, dense thickets. This vegetation type occurs in similar situations to the
south and north of Lake Macquarie.
Characteristic Features:
low, dense canopy of Swamp Paperbark
sparse or absent mid-storey
dense ground layer of sedge (Baumea juncea), Common Reed and aquatic herbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 2 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest EEC
CTHJ3
231
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Swamp Paperbark Thicket (100a)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Casuarina glauca
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Melaleuca ericifolia
-
-
-
6.00
Grass
Phragmites australis
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Baumea juncea
-
-
-
6.00
Herb
Centella asiatica
-
-
-
2.00
Lobelia anceps
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Parsonsia straminea
-
-
-
1.00
232
Paperbark Depression Forest Unit 108b
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Prickly-leaved Paperbark/ Flax-leaved Paperbark swamp forest on poorly drained
soils of the Central Coast (197)
LHCCREMS: Melaleuca Scrub (MU42a)?
General Description:
Paperbark Depression Forest is a distinct low forest of drainage depressions within a wider moist forest matrix at the foot
of the coastal ranges. It supports dense low trees of Melaleuca styphelioides over scattered Glochidion ferdinandi in the
mid-storey, and a ground layer of Carex longibrachtiata. Only a single occurrence of this type has been mapped to date,
and only limited sampling has occurred. Further investigation is required to determine if this may be a disturbance
artefact from previous logging activities, such as off the end of Alton Road, Cooranbong, in Olney State Forest.
Characteristic Features:
dense, low canopy of Prickly-leaved Ti-tree
scattered mid-storey of Cheese Tree
dense ground layer of sedges
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - (?) Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
No photo
233
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, rapid data points]:
Paperbark Depression Forest (108b)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Small Tree
Melaleuca styphelioides
-
-
-
√
Shrub
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Carex longebrachiata
-
-
-
√
234
Paperbark – Carex Backswamp Forest Unit 113
Keith Class: Coastal Swamp Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Flax-leaved Paperbark/ Tall Sedge shrubland of the Sydney Basin (208)
LHCCREMS: Melaleuca Scrub (MU42a)
General Description:
Paperbark – Carex Backswamp Forest is currently known from only a single location within Lake Macquarie State
Conservation Area, but has not yet been included in the current LGA map. It is dominated by Melaleuca linariifolia in the
low canopy, over a dense ground layer of Carex appressa. Other wetland species present include Persicaria hydropiper,
Alternanther denticulata and Pseudoraphis paradoxa. This occurrence lies adjacent to Lake Macquarie, and occurs in an
area of impeded drainage with limited release of accumulated moisture.
Characteristic Features:
dense low canopy of Flax-leaf Paperbark
little or no mid-storey
dense ground layer of sedges and aquatic herbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains EEC
WLS16
235
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Mel linarifolia/ Carex Backswamp Lake Macq SRA (113)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Ficus macrophylla subsp. macrophylla
-
-
-
1.00
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
-
-
-
6.00
Low Shrub
Pseudanthus orientalis
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
1.00
Blechnum indicum
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Panicum bisulcatum
-
-
-
2.00
Sacciolepis indica
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Carex appressa
-
-
-
6.00
Herb
Alternanthera denticulata
-
-
-
3.00
Commelina cyanea
-
-
-
2.00
Persicaria hydropiper
-
-
-
2.00
Persicaria lapathifolia
-
-
-
1.00
236
Mesic Paperbark Thicket Unit 114
Keith Class: North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (MU37)
General Description:
Highly restricted, narrow riparian strips of this community occur in low-relief creeks in the Freeman’s Waterhole area.
Drainage is generally very poor, resulting in dense stands of Gahnia clarkei on the ground, often with Carex
longebrachiata, Adiantum aethiopicum and the occasional Cyathea spp. Melaleuca linariifolia dominates the sub-canopy
in this community, often with some Melaleuca styphelioides and Eucalyptus piperita as an emergent or overhanging
species. Other characteristic species present include Ficus coronata and Glochidion ferdinandi.
Characteristic Features:
canopy dominated by Prickly-leaved Paperbark, with occasional eucalypt emergents
mid-storey of occasional tree ferns, Sandpaper Fig, Cheese Tree and smaller paperbarks
dense ground layer of Tall Saw-Sedge and Carex
occurs in poorly drained creeklines on low relief areas, aften with standing water
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNE7
237
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 4 plots]:
Mesic Paperbark Thicket (114)
Average similarity: 60.81
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus piperita
2.75
4.90
4.94
8.06
Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera
3.00
4.88
5.63
8.03
Acmena smithii
1.50
0.94
0.91
1.54
Angophora costata
1.50
0.87
0.41
1.43
Small Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
4.50
7.90
10.92
12.99
Callicoma serratifolia
2.75
4.95
3.97
8.14
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
2.50
4.26
5.90
7.00
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
1.50
0.87
0.41
1.43
Callistemon salignus
0.50
0.34
0.41
0.55
Ground Fern
Calochlaena dubia
3.25
5.25
3.12
8.63
Adiantum aethiopicum
2.00
3.95
10.92
6.49
Hypolepis muelleri
1.25
1.43
0.79
2.36
Cyathea cooperi
1.25
0.75
0.41
1.23
Grass
Oplismenus imbecillis
2.00
3.95
10.92
6.49
Entolasia marginata
0.75
0.32
0.41
0.52
Sedge
Gahnia clarkei
5.25
9.87
10.92
16.23
Carex longebrachiata
0.50
0.35
0.41
0.57
Twiner
Dioscorea transversa
1.50
2.26
3.71
3.72
Smilax australis
0.75
0.94
0.91
1.54
Eustrephus latifolius
0.50
0.35
0.41
0.57
Parsonsia straminea
0.75
0.34
0.41
0.55
Glycine clandestina
0.75
0.29
0.41
0.48
Hibbertia dentata
0.50
0.29
0.41
0.48
238
Scrubs & Thickets (Colluvial Soils)
239
Sugarloaf Uplands Paperbark Thicket Unit 15p
Keith Class: Coastal Valley Grassy Woodlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum -Ironbark Forest (MU15)
General Description:
Small localised patches of vegetation on level or very gently sloping spurs and ridgetops with compacted clay soils
support a paperbark scrub clearly dominated by Melaleuca nodosa. Emergent canopy trees can include any of Corymbia
maculata, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii or Eucalyptus umbra. Few other shrub species
are common in this vegetation type, but Epacris pulchella, Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cistmontanum or
Acrotricha divaricata may occur. Grasses and graminoids dominate the ground layer, including Themeda australis,
Panicum simile, Ptilothrix deusta and Aristida vagans. This type is currently not represented in associated mapping.
Characteristic Features:
Sparse canopy of Spotted Gum, Grey Gum, Fergusons Ironbark or Bastard Mahogany
mid-storey dominated by Ball Honeymyrtle
ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants, such as Kangaroo Grass, Wiry Panic and Three-awn Grass
occurs on level ground in poorly drained soaks
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
WLSE9
240
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Sugarloaf Uplands Paperbark Thicket (15p)
Average similarity: 36.86
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
5.33
9.01
6.93
24.45
Acrotriche divaricata
1.00
1.80
6.93
4.89
Persoonia linearis
1.00
1.80
6.93
4.89
Epacris pulchella
1.33
1.00
0.58
2.72
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.67
1.00
0.58
2.72
Dodonaea triquetra
0.67
0.64
0.58
1.74
Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora
1.00
0.50
0.58
1.36
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
0.67
0.50
0.58
1.36
Ground
Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
2.00
3.60
6.93
9.78
Grass
Eragrostis brownii
1.33
1.80
6.93
4.89
Themeda australis
3.00
1.50
0.58
4.08
Entolasia stricta
2.00
1.32
0.58
3.58
Panicum simile
1.33
1.00
0.58
2.72
Aristida vagans
1.00
0.50
0.58
1.36
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
1.00
1.80
6.93
4.89
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
2.00
1.00
0.58
2.72
Schoenus apogon
1.67
1.00
0.58
2.72
Lepidosperma laterale
0.67
0.50
0.58
1.36
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
2.00
3.60
6.93
9.78
Lagenophora stipitata
1.00
0.50
0.58
1.36
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
1.33
1.80
6.93
4.89
Billardiera scandens
0.67
0.64
0.58
1.74
241
Paperbark Clay Heath Unit 43c
Keith Class: Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Wyong Paperbark Swamp Forest (MU43)
General Description:
Paperbark Clay Heath occurs as small, disjunct and restricted patches within the lower Hunter region, generally within a
wider matrix of Hinterland Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (MU17o). Only a single stand is currently known from Lake
Macquarie LGA, and additional patches are present in the adjacent Cessnock LGA west of Mt Sugarloaf. This
community is dominated by paperbark shrubs including Melaleuca nodosa and Melaleuca thymifolia, with other species
such as Isopogon anemonifolius, Mirbelia rubiifolia, Themeda australis and Aristida warburgii also present. Current-day
occurences may possibly be an artefact of previous distrubances.
Characteristic Features:
absence of trees or tall shrubs
low shrub layer of Paperbarks, including Ruby Urn Heath
sparse ground layer of grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 2 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest EEC.
WLSA1
242
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Paperbark Clay Heath (43c)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus amplifolia subsp. amplifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Eucalyptus fibrosa
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
5.00
Melaleuca thymifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Pultenaea paleacea
-
-
-
2.00
Melaleuca sieberi
-
-
-
1.00
Melaleuca decora
-
-
-
1.00
Leptospermum trinervium
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Opercularia varia
-
-
-
1.00
Sub-shrub
Euryomyrtus ramosissima subsp. ramosissima
-
-
-
2.00
Gompholobium pinnatum
-
-
-
2.00
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
-
-
-
2.00
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea resinosa
-
-
-
1.00
Grass
Eragrostis brownii
-
-
-
4.00
Aristida warburgii
-
-
-
3.00
Themeda australis
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
2.00
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
-
-
-
1.00
Lomandra glauca
-
-
-
1.00
Lomandra obliqua
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
-
-
-
2.00
Fimbristylis dichotoma
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Drosera auriculata
-
-
-
2.00
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
1.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
1.00
Boronia polygalifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Laxmannia gracilis
-
-
-
1.00
Senecio madagascariensis
-
-
-
1.00
Wahlenbergia gracilis
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
1.00
243
Depression Paperbark Thicket Unit 110b
Keith Class: Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Red Ironbark/ Paperbark Shrubby Open Forest
GHV: Red Ironbark/ Spotted Gum/ Prickly-leaved Paperbark shrubby open forest of the
lower Hunter (075)
LHCCREMS: Lower Hunter Spotted Gum- Ironbark Forest (MU17)
General Description:
Within the wider landscape of Red Ironbark – Paperbark Forest (MU110a), occasional moist depressions support a
range of wetter grasses and sedges, and less Eucalyptus fibrosa with a more prominent Melaleuca decora subcanopy.
This type often occurs adjacent to roads or easements and hence may be an artefact of changes in drainage that are
associated with these. Only a single location has currently been mapped, and it is likely that additional stands are
present within areas mapped as MU110a. However, this community may be reduced to a local variation of MU110a with
further investigation.
Characteristic Features:
presence in moist depressions in the landscape
scattered canopy of Red Ironbark
mid-storey of Paperbarks, particularly Melaleuca decora
well-developed ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 0.3 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest EEC
WLSH2
244
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Depression Paperbark Thicket (110b)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus fibrosa
-
-
-
3.00
Small Tree
Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
6.00
Melaleuca decora
-
-
-
4.00
Leucopogon juniperinus
-
-
-
2.00
Bursaria spinosa
-
-
-
2.00
Pultenaea villosa
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
-
-
-
4.00
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
2.00
Imperata cylindrica
-
-
-
2.00
Entolasia marginata
-
-
-
2.00
Eragrostis leptostachya
-
-
-
2.00
Themeda australis
-
-
-
1.00
Echinopogon ovatus
-
-
-
1.00
Dichelachne micrantha
-
-
-
1.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
1.00
Oplismenus imbecillis
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis
-
-
-
1.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
1.00
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
-
-
-
1.00
Dianella longifolia var. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Fimbristylis dichotoma
-
-
-
2.00
Carex inversa
-
-
-
2.00
Juncus continuus
-
-
-
2.00
Juncus homalocaulis
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Gonocarpus tetragynus
-
-
-
2.00
Pratia purpurascens
-
-
-
2.00
Dichondra repens
-
-
-
2.00
Centella asiatica
-
-
-
2.00
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
-
-
-
2.00
Arthropodium minus
-
-
-
2.00
Euchiton involucratus
-
-
-
2.00
Opercularia diphylla
-
-
-
2.00
Veronica plebeia
-
-
-
2.00
Oxalis perennans
-
-
-
1.00
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
-
-
-
1.00
Lagenophora stipitata
-
-
-
1.00
Plantago debilis
-
-
-
1.00
Senecio tenuiflorus
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Caladenia catenata
-
-
-
2.00
Acianthus fornicatus
-
-
-
1.00
245
Depression Paperbark Thicket (110b)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Twiner
Glycine clandestina
-
-
-
2.00
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
1.00
Epiphytic Orchid
Cymbidium suave
-
-
-
1.00
246
Scrubs & Thickets (Coastal Sands)
247
Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub Unit 36c
Keith Class: Wallum Sand Heaths
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Tomago Sand Swamp Woodland (MU36)
General Description:
Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub occurs only at Pelican Flats within Lake Macquarie, but is present on the Tomago
Sandbeds north of Newcastle. It is characterised by the co-dominance of Banksia aemula with Melaleuca nodosa,
together with shrub species more typical of sandy habitats. The only known stand in Lake Macquarie has been bissected
by the Pacific Highway, and is becoming weed infested.
Characteristic Features:
low scrub with Wallum Banksia co-dominating with Paperbark
scattered mid-storey of Tree-broom Heath, Aotus and Pink Beard-heath
ground layer of Paroo Lily and Bracken Fern
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 3 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNH5
248
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub (36c)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Small Tree
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Banksia aemula
-
-
-
5.00
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
4.00
Aotus ericoides
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia suaveolens
-
-
-
2.00
Monotoca elliptica
-
-
-
2.00
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Pittosporum undulatum
-
-
-
2.00
Acacia ulicifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Correa reflexa var. reflexa
-
-
-
2.00
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. sambucifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia terminalis
-
-
-
1.00
Hibbertia linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Leptomeria acida
-
-
-
1.00
Leucopogon ericoides
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Pomax umbellata
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
3.00
Grass
Paspalidium distans
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Dianella caerulea var. assera
-
-
-
3.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
-
-
-
2.00
Actinotus helianthi
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Billardiera scandens
-
-
-
2.00
Parsonsia straminea
-
-
-
2.00
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
1.00
249
Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub Unit 50a
Keith Class: Coastal Headland Heaths
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Scrub (MU50)
General Description:
Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub occurs immediately behind the low grassland of Beach Spinifex (MU53) along the
foredunes of the coastal zone. Although many areas, particularly north of Swansea, have been impacted upon by Bitou
Bush invasion, some relatively good quality examples of this community remain towards the south. In general, Acacia
sophorae dominates this shrubland, and stunted individuals of Leptospermum laevigatum may also be present in this
wind-sheared vegetation. Few other species are evident, although Carpobrotus glaucescens and Spinifex sericeus
invariably occur. Current mapping of this community under-estimates the total present within the LGA, given mapping
procedures used to cut original interpretation and linework against Councils veg-noveg layer.
Characteristic Features:
absence of tall shrubs and trees
mid-storey of Coast Wattle
occurs on immediate beach foredune
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 18 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNH6
250
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub (50a)
Average similarity: 64.52
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Small Tree
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
1.50
6.45
-
10.00
Shrub
Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae
6.00
38.71
-
60.00
Leptospermum laevigatum
2.00
6.45
-
10.00
Prostrate Shrub
Carpobrotus glaucescens
2.00
12.90
-
20.00
251
Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub Unit 50b
Keith Class: Coastal Headland Heaths
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Coast Tea Tree/ Coast Banksia/ Ficinia nodosa dune low open shrubland on coastal
foredunes (135)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Scrub (MU50)
General Description:
Occuring on the land-ward side of Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub (MU50a), Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub is structurally
more complex than that community, yet remains floristically simple. In this community, Leptospermum laevigatum,
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia and Monotoca elliptica dominate the tallest layer, with occasional shrubs such as
Leucopogon parviflorus and Correa alba also present. In some areas, Cupaniopsis anacarioides occurs as scattered
individual shrubs, and Acacia sophorae is often present. Chrysanthemoides monilifera is also a component of this
community.
Characteristic Features:
low canopy of Coast Ti-tree, Coast Banksia and Tree Broom-heath
scattered mid-storey of Heath and Coast Wattle
sparse or non-existent ground layer of Pigface
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 85 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHI3
252
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub (50b)
Average similarity: 62.22
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Small Tree
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
3.50
13.33
-
21.43
Shrub
Leptospermum laevigatum
5.00
22.22
-
35.71
Leucopogon parviflorus
2.00
8.89
-
14.29
Monotoca elliptica
2.00
8.89
-
14.29
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
4.44
-
7.14
Breynia oblongifolia
1.00
4.44
-
7.14
253
Scrubs & Thickets (Estuarine)
254
Mangrove – Estuarine Complex Unit 47
Keith Class: Mangrove Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Grey Mangrove low closed forest (229)
LHCCREMS: Mangrove - Estuarine Complex (MU47)
General Description:
Mangrove – Estuarine Complex occurs immediately within and adjacent to tidal estuaries. This community occurs in
close association with Saltmarsh (MU47a) and Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest (MU40), but differs structurally and
floristically by the sole dominance of Avicennia marina subsp. australasica in the canopy. Ground layer vegetation is
variable and depends on the extent of tidal inundation: areas at slightly higher elevation will support species more typical
of Saltmarsh, such as Sarcocornia quinqueflora and Sporobolus virginicus, while locations regularly inundated support
little if any ground vegetation.
Characteristic Features:
dominance of Mangroves in the low canopy and shrub layers
ground layer dominated by Saltmarsh or grasses, or completely devoid of plant material (other than mangrove
roots)
occurs in tidal areas adjacent to estuarine water bodies
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 155 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNC2
255
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Mangrove - Estuarine Complex (47)
Average similarity: 79.86
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Small Tree
Avicennia marina subsp. australasica
5.33
27.82
20.21
34.84
Grass
Sporobolus virginicus
5.00
27.82
20.21
34.84
Herb
Sarcocornia quinqueflora subsp. quinqueflora
3.33
15.05
2.05
18.85
Suaeda australis
1.33
5.56
20.21
6.97
Samolus repens
1.33
3.60
0.58
4.51
256
Scrubs & Thickets (Coastal Headland)
257
Coastal Headland Shrubland Unit 51b
Keith Class: Coastal Headland Heaths
VCA: Melaleuca nodosa/ Fern-leaved Banksia headland heath of the Central Coast
GHV: Dwarf Casuarina/ Melaleuca nodosa Coastal Heath (182)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Headland Complex (MU51)
General Description:
Coastal Headland Shrubland is a floristically simple community occurring on wind-swept coastal headlands.
Allocasuarina distyla clearly dominates and characterises the community, with other common species including
Lasiopetalum parvifolium, Westringia fruticosa and Callistemon linearis. On the ground, Ptilothrix deusta and Entolasia
stricta commonly occur, although Lasiopetalum parvifolium often forms expansive carpets, particularly after fire damage.
This community forms a mosaic with both Coastal Headland Grassland (MU51a) and Coastal Headland Paperbark
Scrub (MU51d), and boundaries between the three are dynamic in response to fire events.
Characteristic Features:
tall shrub layer of Scrub She-oak
low diversity mid-storey, but including Coastal Rosemary and Bottlebrush
ground layer of grasses and dry sedges, or Lasiopetalum after recent fire
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 87 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Themeda grasslands on seacliffs and headlands EEC
CTHI4
258
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Headland Shrubland (51b)
Average similarity: 57.14
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Allocasuarina distyla
4.50
12.70
-
22.22
Lasiopetalum parviflorum
4.50
12.70
-
22.22
Westringia fruticosa
4.00
9.52
-
16.67
Callistemon linearis
3.00
6.35
-
11.11
Grass
Entolasia stricta
2.00
6.35
-
11.11
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
2.00
6.35
-
11.11
Lepidosperma laterale
1.00
3.17
-
5.56
259
Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub Unit 51d
Keith Class: Coastal Headland Heaths
VCA: Melaleuca nodosa/ Fern-leaved Banksia headland heath of the Central Coast
GHV: Prickly-leaved Paperbark/ Fern-leaved Banksia heath on coastal headlands of the
Central Coast (183)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Headland Complex (MU51)
General Description:
Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub forms a low or tall dense heath on exposed coastal headlands on clay soils.
Melaleuca nodosa dominates these areas, often forming impenetrable thickets interspersed with more open grassy
patches. Other emergent shrubs include Callistemon linearis, Acrotriche divaricata and Lissanthe strigosa. Within
openings in the shrub layer, Themeda australis is the dominant ground cover, together with Aristida warburgii,
Lasiopetalum parviflorum and Ptilothrix deusta.
Characteristic Features:
absence of a tree layer, although very stunted eucalypts may be occasionally present
dense mid-storey of Paperbarks, interspersed with more open patches where Kangaroo Grass dominates
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 33 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Themeda grasslands on seacliffs and headlands EEC
CTHI5
260
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub (51d)
Average similarity: 63.08
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
6.00
9.23
-
14.63
Callistemon linearis
3.00
4.62
-
7.32
Acrotriche divaricata
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Lasiopetalum parviflorum
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Lissanthe strigosa subsp. subulata
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Pultenaea villosa
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Allocasuarina distyla
1.00
1.54
-
2.44
Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea
1.50
1.54
-
2.44
Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
1.50
1.54
-
2.44
Low Shrub
Comesperma sphaerocarpum
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Grass
Themeda australis
3.50
4.62
-
7.32
Aristida warburgii
2.50
3.08
-
4.88
Graminoid
Patersonia sericea
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Dianella revoluta var. revoluta
1.50
1.54
-
2.44
Lomandra obliqua
1.50
1.54
-
2.44
Sedge
Lepidosperma laterale
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Ptilothrix deusta
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Herb
Tricoryne elatior
1.50
1.54
-
2.44
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
2.00
3.08
-
4.88
Billardiera scandens
1.00
1.54
-
2.44
261
Dry Heathland (Colluvial Soils)
262
Coastal Plains Dry Heath Unit 31h
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Scribbly Gum/ Red Bloodwood/ Angophora inopina heathy woodland of Central
Coast lowlands, northern Sydney Basin
GHV: Scribbly Gum/ Red Bloodwood/ Angophora inopina heathy woodland on lowlands of
the Central Coast (118)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)
General Description:
Coastal Plains Dry Heath is a dry heath or shrubland occurring on the Narrabeen coastal plains of southern Lake
Macquarie LGA. It forms a mosaic within the wider matrix of Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31). Mapable
on aerial photographs, the distribution of this community is dynamic and responds to disturbance events such as fire or
partial clearing. Very often good habitat for terrestrial orchids. Common species include Banksia oblongfiolia, Angophora
inopina (shrub form), Hakea laevipes and Ptilothrix deusta.
Characteristic Features:
near-absence of trees and larger shrubs
mid-storey of Banksia and Hakea
dense ground layer of dry sedges and grasses, with Grasstree also prominent
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 5 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTH04
263
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Plains Dry Heath (31h)
Average similarity: 43.10
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Banksia oblongifolia
3.00
5.17
-
12.00
Epacris pulchella
2.00
3.45
-
8.00
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
2.00
3.45
-
8.00
Pultenaea tuberculata
2.00
3.45
-
8.00
Bossiaea stephensonii
1.50
1.72
-
4.00
Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea
1.50
1.72
-
4.00
Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes
1.00
1.72
-
4.00
Leptospermum trinervium
1.50
1.72
-
4.00
Petrophile pulchella
1.00
1.72
-
4.00
Prostrate Shrub
Hibbertia vestita
2.00
3.45
-
8.00
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.00
3.45
-
8.00
Grass
Aristida warburgii
4.00
5.17
-
12.00
Entolasia stricta
1.50
1.72
-
4.00
Graminoid
Patersonia sericea
1.50
1.72
-
4.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma concavum
1.50
1.72
-
4.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.00
1.72
-
4.00
264
Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath Unit 31i
Keith Class: Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Camfield's Stringybark/ Narrow-leaved Stringybark heathy woodland on lowlands of
the Central Coast (134)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31)
General Description:
Filling a similar niche to Coastal Plains Dry Heath (MU31h), Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath occurs as small patches
on the Permian sandstones of north-eastern Lake Macquarie. Banksia oblongifolia is also prominent in this community,
with other important species including Lambertia formosa, Epacris pulchella, Isopogon anemonifolia, Ptilothrix deusta,
Lomandra obliqua, Patersonia sericea and Themeda australis. Some additional sampling and analysis is required to
clarify the relationship between these two heaths.
Characteristic Features:
absence of trees and large shrubs
mid-storey of Banksia, Mountain Devil, Drumsticks and other Heath species
ground layer of dry sedges, graminoids and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 5 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNF8
265
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 8 plots]:
Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath (31i)
Average similarity: 47.11
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia gummifera
0.38
0.14
0.34
0.29
Angophora costata
0.38
0.13
0.34
0.28
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.63
0.26
0.51
0.56
Shrub
Banksia oblongifolia
3.75
4.23
5.40
8.98
Lambertia formosa
2.13
2.08
1.61
4.42
Epacris pulchella
1.88
1.98
1.68
4.19
Isopogon anemonifolius
1.75
1.74
3.15
3.69
Pultenaea paleacea
2.00
1.44
1.04
3.05
Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes
1.50
1.40
1.05
2.97
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.75
1.07
0.79
2.27
Hakea bakeriana
1.38
0.98
0.92
2.08
Leptospermum trinervium
1.13
0.83
0.92
1.76
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
1.13
0.82
0.95
1.74
Acacia myrtifolia
1.00
0.58
0.67
1.23
Pultenaea tuberculata
1.00
0.54
0.51
1.14
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
1.00
0.50
0.68
1.07
Leucopogon microphyllus var. microphyllus
1.38
0.49
0.34
1.05
Dodonaea triquetra
0.75
0.46
0.73
0.98
Acacia brownii
0.88
0.45
0.48
0.97
Hibbertia riparia
0.75
0.33
0.47
0.70
Persoonia lanceolata
0.63
0.28
0.51
0.60
Monotoca scoparia
0.63
0.28
0.51
0.58
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.63
0.27
0.51
0.57
Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea
0.63
0.27
0.51
0.57
Hakea teretifolia subsp. teretifolia
1.00
0.22
0.29
0.46
Allocasuarina distyla
0.63
0.17
0.32
0.36
Acacia suaveolens
0.38
0.14
0.34
0.30
Melaleuca nodosa
0.38
0.13
0.34
0.27
Philotheca salsolifolia subsp. salsolifolia
0.50
0.13
0.34
0.27
Acacia terminalis
0.25
0.05
0.19
0.10
Bossiaea ensata
0.25
0.05
0.19
0.10
Platylobium formosum subsp. parviflorum
0.38
0.05
0.19
0.10
Low Shrub
Dampiera stricta
1.63
1.65
1.50
3.51
Melichrus procumbens
0.75
0.47
0.73
0.99
Platysace ericoides
0.63
0.19
0.32
0.41
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
1.38
0.92
0.73
1.94
Ground Fern
Lindsaea linearis
1.50
1.37
1.05
2.92
Schizaea bifida
0.50
0.10
0.19
0.21
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.25
1.62
0.89
3.44
Grass
Themeda australis
2.00
1.45
0.89
3.08
Entolasia stricta
1.63
1.38
1.05
2.93
Anisopogon avenaceus
1.38
1.14
0.97
2.43
Aristida warburgii
1.38
0.63
0.63
1.34
Austrostipa pubescens
0.63
0.20
0.31
0.41
266
Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath (31i)
Average similarity: 47.11
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Aristida vagans
0.50
0.10
0.19
0.22
Graminoid
Lomandra obliqua
2.25
2.65
7.73
5.63
Patersonia sericea
1.63
1.73
1.48
3.68
Patersonia glabrata
1.00
0.57
0.68
1.21
Haemodorum planifolium
0.50
0.10
0.19
0.21
Sedge
Ptilothrix deusta
4.13
4.63
4.29
9.84
Cyathochaeta diandra
1.38
0.56
0.50
1.19
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.50
1.36
1.05
2.88
Tricoryne elatior
0.75
0.35
0.48
0.73
Xanthosia tridentata
0.63
0.18
0.32
0.37
Stylidium graminifolium
0.50
0.09
0.19
0.19
Burchardia umbellata
0.50
0.08
0.19
0.17
Thysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus
0.38
0.05
0.19
0.11
Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia
0.38
0.05
0.19
0.10
Ground
Orchid
Cryptostylis subulata
0.25
0.05
0.19
0.10
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
0.88
0.53
0.69
1.13
267
Dry Heathland (Coastal Sands)
268
Coastal Sand Wallum Heath Unit 34a
Keith Class: Wallum Sand Heaths
VCA: Dwarf Casuarina/ Wallum Banksia coastal heath of coastal headlands of Central
Coast
GHV: Wallum Banksia / Monotoca scoparia heath on coastal sands of the Central Coast
and lower North Coast (185)
LHCCREMS: Heath (MU34a)
General Description:
Coastal Sand Wallum Heath occurs only on the elevated coastal sand masses in the vicinity of Awabakal Nature
Reserve and Munmorah State Conservation Area. It is characterised by an often dense mid-layer of Banksia aemula,
with stunded Corymbia gummifera and Angophora costata also present. Other prominent shrubs include Ricinocarpus
pinifolius, Aotus ericoides, Dillwynia retorta, Monotoca scoparia, and Leucopogon ericoides. Further clarification is
required between this community and the related Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath (MU34c), which appears to occur on
shallower sands.
Characteristic Features:
few trees present, but if they are these are stunted Red Bloodwood or Smooth-barked Apple
mid-storey of Wallum Banksia and other Heath species
ground layer of few species, but small sub-shrubs and dry sedges typical
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 127 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHF3
269
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Coastal Sand Wallum Heath (34a)
Average similarity: 53.28
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Corymbia gummifera
2.33
1.28
0.58
2.41
Small Tree
Allocasuarina littoralis
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Shrub
Banksia aemula
4.67
5.68
6.95
10.67
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
3.00
3.06
3.87
5.75
Aotus ericoides
2.67
3.05
4.41
5.72
Dillwynia retorta
3.00
3.05
4.41
5.72
Leucopogon ericoides
2.33
2.62
53.46
4.92
Monotoca scoparia
2.33
2.62
53.46
4.92
Leptospermum trinervium
3.33
2.14
0.58
4.01
Bossiaea ensata
1.67
1.75
2.25
3.29
Bossiaea heterophylla
1.67
1.75
2.25
3.29
Isopogon anemonifolius
1.67
1.75
2.25
3.29
Eriostemon australasius
1.67
1.74
2.43
3.26
Lambertia formosa
2.00
1.32
0.58
2.49
Acacia suaveolens
1.33
1.31
53.46
2.46
Persoonia lanceolata
1.33
1.31
53.46
2.46
Styphelia viridis subsp. viridis
1.33
1.31
53.46
2.46
Acacia terminalis
1.33
0.88
0.58
1.66
Correa reflexa var. reflexa
1.67
0.88
0.58
1.66
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
1.67
0.88
0.58
1.66
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Acacia ulicifolia
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.83
Brachyloma daphnoides subsp. daphnoides
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.83
Leucopogon virgatus
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Monotoca elliptica
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Phyllota phylicoides
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.83
Tetratheca juncea
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Epacris pulchella
0.67
0.43
0.58
0.80
Low Shrub
Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
2.33
2.62
53.46
4.92
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Sedge
Schoenus ericetorum
1.33
1.31
53.46
2.46
Caustis recurvata var. recurvata
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.83
Leptocarpus tenax
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.83
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.67
1.74
2.43
3.26
Pseuderanthemum variabile
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.83
Xanthosia pilosa
1.33
0.44
0.58
0.83
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.33
1.31
53.46
2.46
Hibbertia scandens
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.83
Billardiera scandens
0.67
0.43
0.58
0.80
270
Coastal Sand Mantled Clay Heath Unit 34b
Keith Class: Wallum Sand Heaths
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Dwarf Casuarina/ Melaleuca nodosa Coastal Heath (182)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Wallum Woodland-Heath (MU34)
General Description:
In areas close to the coast around Catherine Hill Bay and Caves Beach, exposed slopes support Coastal Sand Mantled
Clay Heath. This community occurs principally on clay soils, but a light veneer of wind-blown sand allows other ‘sand-
based’ species to also predominate. Typical species in this community include Melaleuca nodosa, Banksia spinulosa,
Banksia oblongifolia, Isopogon anermonifolius, Epacris pulchella and Hakea laevipes. On the ground, Xanthorrhoea
latifolia is characteristic, together with Ptilothrix deusta and various grasses.
Characteristic Features:
absence of trees and tall shrubs
low and tightly packed mid-storey of Paperbarks, Banksia, Drumsticks and Broad-leaf Hakea
ground layer of Grasstree, small sub-shrubs and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 36 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHH2
271
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Sand Mantled Clay Heath (34b)
Average similarity: 43.40
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Melaleuca nodosa
5.50
9.43
-
21.74
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
2.50
3.77
-
8.70
Epacris pulchella
2.00
3.77
-
8.70
Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes
2.50
3.77
-
8.70
Lambertia formosa
2.00
3.77
-
8.70
Acacia myrtifolia
1.00
1.89
-
4.35
Allocasuarina distyla
2.00
1.89
-
4.35
Isopogon anemonifolius
1.50
1.89
-
4.35
Persoonia lanceolata
1.50
1.89
-
4.35
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
2.50
3.77
-
8.70
Ground Fern
Lindsaea linearis
1.50
1.89
-
4.35
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
1.50
1.89
-
4.35
Grass
Anisopogon avenaceus
1.50
1.89
-
4.35
Themeda australis
1.50
1.89
-
4.35
272
Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath Unit 34c
Keith Class: Wallum Sand Heaths
VCA: Dwarf Casuarina/ Wallum Banksia coastal heath of coastal headlands of Central
Coast
GHV: Dwarf Casuarina/ Wallum Banksia coastal heath of coastal headlands of Central
Coast (184)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Sand Wallum Woodland-Heath (MU34)
General Description:
Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath occurs on shallower sands of the coastal sand masses in and around Awabakal Nature
Reserve and Munmorah State Conservation Area. Characteristic species present include Banksia aemula, Allocasuarina
distyla, Bossieae ensata, Isopogon anemonifolius, Lambertia formosa and Monotoca scoparia. This community is closely
related to Coastal Sand Wallum Heath (MU34a), and requires further investigation.
Characteristic Features:
Wallum Banksia prominent in the tallest layer
mid-storey of She-oak with Peas, Drumsticks and Mountain Devil
sparse ground layer of dry sedges and small sub-shrubs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 58 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHF3
273
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath (34c)
Average similarity: 47.79
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Banksia aemula
3.33
3.10
3.95
6.49
Allocasuarina distyla
3.33
2.66
21.57
5.56
Bossiaea ensata
2.00
2.66
21.57
5.56
Isopogon anemonifolius
2.00
2.66
21.57
5.56
Lambertia formosa
2.33
2.66
21.57
5.56
Monotoca scoparia
2.33
2.66
21.57
5.56
Leucopogon ericoides
2.33
2.22
1.44
4.64
Brachyloma daphnoides subsp. daphnoides
2.00
1.75
2.59
3.66
Leptospermum laevigatum
2.33
1.75
2.59
3.66
Phyllota phylicoides
2.00
1.39
0.58
2.91
Acacia suaveolens
1.00
1.33
21.57
2.78
Leptospermum trinervium
1.33
1.33
21.57
2.78
Styphelia viridis subsp. viridis
1.33
1.33
21.57
2.78
Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes
2.00
1.27
0.58
2.65
Epacris pulchella
1.33
0.93
0.58
1.94
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
1.33
0.89
0.58
1.86
Correa reflexa var. reflexa
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.77
Gompholobium minus
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.77
Persoonia lanceolata
1.67
0.84
0.58
1.77
Platylobium formosum subsp. parviflorum
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.77
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.00
0.46
0.58
0.97
Monotoca elliptica
0.67
0.46
0.58
0.97
Aotus ericoides
1.67
0.44
0.58
0.93
Eriostemon australasius
1.00
0.44
0.58
0.93
Bossiaea rhombifolia subsp. rhombifolia
1.33
0.42
0.58
0.88
Dillwynia glaberrima
1.33
0.42
0.58
0.88
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
0.67
0.42
0.58
0.88
Leucopogon virgatus
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.88
Petrophile pulchella
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.88
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.88
Low Shrub
Astroloma pinifolium
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.77
Melichrus procumbens
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.88
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia
1.67
0.84
0.58
1.77
Grass
Anisopogon avenaceus
0.67
0.44
0.58
0.93
Graminoid
Lomandra glauca
1.33
1.33
21.57
2.78
Patersonia glabrata
1.33
0.84
0.58
1.77
Haemodorum planifolium
0.67
0.42
0.58
0.88
Sedge
Schoenus ericetorum
1.33
1.33
21.57
2.78
Lepidosperma elatius
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.88
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.00
1.33
21.57
2.78
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.88
Hibbertia scandens
0.67
0.42
0.58
0.88
274
Wet Heathlands (Colluvial Soils)
275
Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath Unit 44a
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Sand Cyperoid Heath (MU44)
General Description:
Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath occurs in broad, impeded basins and drainage lines in the southern parts of the LGA,
generally within a Narrabeen sandstone landscape. Xanthorrhoea fulva characterises this community and is the
dominant species present. Stands are typically relatively small, and may form a mosaic with other wet heaths on the
coastal plain. Larger occurences are present to the south in Wyong LGA.
Characteristic Features:
absence of trees and shrubs
dominance of Swamp Grasstree on the ground
very uneven ground surface due to prominence of grass tree subterranean trunks.
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 19 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CTHD5
276
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath (44a)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus robusta
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Banksia oblongifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Hakea teretifolia subsp. teretifolia
-
-
-
3.00
Melaleuca sieberi
-
-
-
3.00
Melaleuca thymifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Persoonia levis
-
-
-
1.00
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Pultenaea paleacea
-
-
-
2.00
Viminaria juncea
-
-
-
1.00
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea fulva
-
-
-
6.00
Grass
Entolasia stricta
-
-
-
4.00
Ischaemum australe var. australe
-
-
-
2.00
Panicum simile
-
-
-
1.00
Themeda australis
-
-
-
1.00
Graminoid
Haemodorum planifolium
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepyrodia scariosa
-
-
-
3.00
Ptilothrix deusta
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Drosera auriculata
-
-
-
1.00
Sowerbaea juncea
-
-
-
1.00
Stylidium debile
-
-
-
2.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
1.00
277
Coastal Plains Wet Heath Unit 44m
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Fern-leaf Banksia/ Needlebush/ Leptocarpus tenax/ Lepyrodia scariosa wet heath on
sandstone ranges of the Central Coast (189)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Sand Cyperoid Heath (MU44)
General Description:
Coastal Plains Wet Heath typically occurs in broad shallow drainage lines on the coastal plains in the south of the LGA,
most commonly within a landscape supporting Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (MU31). Common species here
include Banksia oblongifolia, Hakea tereifolia, Baeckea diosmifolia and Melaleuca thymifolia. Scattered taller shrubs of
Melaleuca sieberi or Angophora inopina may also be present. In places, this community merges with Munmorah
Grasstree Wet Heath (MU44a).
Characteristic Features:
few or no trees or tall shrubs
low mid-storey of Banksia, Dagger Hakea, Paperbarks and other Heath species
ground layer of sedges and Swamp Grasstree
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 64 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
DRLU7
278
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Plains Wet Heath (44m)
Average similarity: 49.02
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Banksia oblongifolia
4.00
7.84
-
16.00
Hakea teretifolia subsp. teretifolia
4.00
7.84
-
16.00
Baeckea diosmifolia
2.50
3.92
-
8.00
Epacris microphylla
3.00
3.92
-
8.00
Melaleuca sieberi
2.50
3.92
-
8.00
Melaleuca thymifolia
2.00
3.92
-
8.00
Pultenaea paleacea
2.00
3.92
-
8.00
Grass
Eragrostis brownii
2.50
3.92
-
8.00
Sedge
Lepyrodia scariosa
2.50
3.92
-
8.00
Herb
Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. ramosissimus
2.00
3.92
-
8.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.50
1.96
-
4.00
279
Wet Heathlands (Coastal Sands)
280
Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath Unit 44g
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Olive Tea-tree/ Crimson Bottlebrush/ Xanthorrhoea fulva wet heath on coastal
sands of lower North Coast (188)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Sand Cyperoid Heath (MU44)
General Description:
Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath occurs on the coastal sand sheets in the Belmont-Jewells area. Typical species
present include Acacia elongata, Callistemon citrinus and Leptospermum juniperinum, over sedges such as Leptocarpus
tenax and Schoenus brevifolius. This community is similar floristically to other wet heaths in Lake Macquarie, and further
work is required to clarify relationships.
Characteristic Features:
absence of emergent trees
mid-storey of Bottlebrush, Ti-tree and Wattle
dense ground layer of sedges
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 8 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNI1
281
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath (44g)
Average similarity: 39.66
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia
1.50
1.72
-
4.35
Small Tree
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
1.50
1.72
-
4.35
Shrub
Acacia elongata
2.50
3.45
-
8.70
Callistemon citrinus
3.50
3.45
-
8.70
Leptospermum juniperinum
3.00
3.45
-
8.70
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
1.50
1.72
-
4.35
Viminaria juncea
1.50
1.72
-
4.35
Grass
Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata
2.50
3.45
-
8.70
Sedge
Leptocarpus tenax
3.50
3.45
-
8.70
Schoenus brevifolius
2.50
3.45
-
8.70
Herb
Stackhousia nuda
2.00
3.45
-
8.70
Gonocarpus teucrioides
2.00
1.72
-
4.35
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
2.00
3.45
-
8.70
Clubmoss
Selaginella uliginosa
2.00
3.45
-
8.70
282
Tomago Strand Plain Intermediate Heath Unit 44j
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Olive Tea-tree/ Crimson Bottlebrush/ Xanthorrhoea fulva wet heath on coastal
sands of lower North Coast (188)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Sand Cyperoid Heath (MU44)
General Description:
Parts of the heath complex within the Jewells Swamp area supports vegetation that is floristically similar to that present
on the Tomago Sandbeds north of Newcastle. In this type, prominent species include the shrubs Leptospermum
polygalifolium, Banksia oblongifolia, Melaleuca nodosa, Persoonia lanceolata and Epacris microphylla, and the sedges
Leptocarpus tenax and Lepyrodia scariosa. This unit has not yet been mapped, but is included in 44m at present.
Characteristic Features:
absence of tree species
dense mid-storey of Paperbarks, Banksia and other shrubs
ground layer of sedges and grasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNG0
283
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Tomago Strand Plain Intermediate Heath (44j)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Eucalyptus robusta
-
-
-
1.00
Shrub
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
-
-
-
4.00
Banksia oblongifolia
-
-
-
4.00
Melaleuca nodosa
-
-
-
3.00
Epacris microphylla
-
-
-
3.00
Persoonia lanceolata
-
-
-
3.00
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Melaleuca sieberi
-
-
-
2.00
Melaleuca thymifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Aotus ericoides
-
-
-
2.00
Baeckea diosmifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Tetratheca juncea
-
-
-
2.00
Leptospermum juniperinum
-
-
-
1.00
Epacris pulchella
-
-
-
1.00
Hakea teretifolia subsp. teretifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia suaveolens
-
-
-
1.00
Dillwynia retorta
-
-
-
1.00
Lambertia formosa
-
-
-
1.00
Monotoca elliptica
-
-
-
1.00
Low
Shrub
Dampiera stricta
-
-
-
1.00
Opercularia varia
-
-
-
1.00
Sub-shrub
Mirbelia rubiifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Graminoid
Xyris complanata
-
-
-
2.00
Lomandra longifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Lepyrodia scariosa
-
-
-
2.00
Ptilothrix deusta
-
-
-
2.00
Leptocarpus tenax
-
-
-
2.00
Cyathochaeta diandra
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Gonocarpus teucrioides
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
2.00
284
Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland Unit 44l
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Olive Tea-tree/ Crimson Bottlebrush/ Xanthorrhoea fulva wet heath on coastal
sands of lower North Coast (188)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Wet Sand Cyperoid Heath (MU44)
General Description:
Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland is a wet heath occurring on coastal sands where drainage is particularly poor, and
a range of sedge species dominate the ground layer. Closely related to other wet heaths, further analysis of sample data
is required to clarify relationships. Apart from sedges, other prominent species present include Leptospermum
juniperinum, Sprengelia sprengelioides, Epacris obtusifolia, Banksia oblongifolia and Xanthorrhoea fulva.
Characteristic Features:
absence of tree species
open shrub layer of Ti-tree, Banksia, Coast Coral Heath and other heath species
ground layer of sedges and Grasstree
waterlogged soils, often with standing water
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 0.1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNG1
285
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland (44l)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Shrub
Leptospermum juniperinum
-
-
-
3.00
Epacris obtusifolia
-
-
-
3.00
Callistemon citrinus
-
-
-
3.00
Banksia oblongifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Aotus ericoides
-
-
-
2.00
Melaleuca thymifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Hakea teretifolia subsp. teretifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Almaleea paludosa
-
-
-
2.00
Sprengelia incarnata
-
-
-
2.00
Sprengelia sprengelioides
-
-
-
2.00
Persoonia lanceolata
-
-
-
1.00
Baeckea diosmifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Viminaria juncea
-
-
-
1.00
Acacia elongata
-
-
-
1.00
Callistemon linearis
-
-
-
1.00
Grasstree
Xanthorrhoea fulva
-
-
-
4.00
Graminoid
Xyris complanata
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Leptocarpus tenax
-
-
-
4.00
Empodisma minus
-
-
-
2.00
Eurychorda complanata
-
-
-
2.00
Schoenus brevifolius
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Boronia parviflora
-
-
-
2.00
Burchardia umbellata
-
-
-
1.00
Gonocarpus salsoloides
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Orchid
Thelymitra media var. media
-
-
-
1.00
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
-
-
-
2.00
Clubmoss
Selaginella uliginosa
-
-
-
2.00
286
Wet Heathlands (Upland Swamps)
287
Hawkesbury Hanging Swamps Unit 54
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Fern-leaf Banksia/ Needlebush/ Leptocarpus tenax/ Lepyrodia scariosa wet heath
(189)
LHCCREMS: Sandstone Hanging Swamps (MU54)
General Description:
Hawkesbury Hanging Swamp occurs in a single area of impeded drainage on Hawkesbury Sandstone geology within
Olney State Forest. This swamp is the only one known from Lake Macquarie LGA, although the community becomes
more common to the south into Wyong and Gosford LGAs, and into western Sydney and beyond. Floristic diversity is
dependant on fire history, and the Olney stand supports a more fern-based form as well as a shrubby form. Prominent
species present include Gleichenia microphylla, Gahnia sieberiana, Baeckea linifolia and Empodisma minus.
Characteristic Features:
lack of trees, although scattered tall shrubs may be present
dense ground layer of Scrambling Coral Fern, Red-fruit Saw-sedge and Spreading Rope-rush
moist peaty soil
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Coastal Upland Swamp EEC
MRSA0
288
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Sandstone Hanging Swamps (54)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Shrub
Baeckea linifolia
-
-
-
4.00
Acacia elongata
-
-
-
2.00
Banksia spinulosa var. collina
-
-
-
2.00
Bauera rubioides
-
-
-
2.00
Epacris obtusifolia
-
-
-
2.00
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. polygalifolium
-
-
-
2.00
Persoonia levis
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Gleichenia microphylla
-
-
-
5.00
Pteridium esculentum
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Gahnia sieberiana
-
-
-
3.00
Empodisma minus
-
-
-
2.00
Herb
Drosera binata
-
-
-
2.00
289
Munmorah Sedge Swamp Unit 54e
Keith Class: Coastal Heath Swamps
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Baumea articulata Sedgeland (224)
LHCCREMS: Sandstone Hanging Swamps (MU54)
General Description:
Only a single location of Munmorah Sedge Swamp is currently known, where it occurs on sloping ground on a small cliff
adjacent to the ocean. It is typified by the sedges Baumea juncea and Baumea articulata, and the fern Glechenia
dicarpa. Detailed survey and analysis is yet to be undertaken in this area, but at present this type is considered a form of
hanging swamp, with similarities to Hawkesbury Hanging Swamps (MU54).
Characteristic Features:
lack of trees and shrubs
dense ground layer of sedges and Scrambling Coral Fern
moist peaty soil
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 0.05 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
No photo
290
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Munmorah Sedge Swamp (54e)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Ground Fern
Gleichenia dicarpa
-
-
-
√
Sedge
Baumea articulata
-
-
-
√
Baumea juncea
-
-
-
√
291
Sedgeland & Meadow (Estuarine)
292
Estuarine Juncus Rushland Unit 40c
Keith Class: Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Swamp Oak/ Sea Rush/ Baumea juncea swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast and lower North Coast (209)
LHCCREMS: Swamp Oak - Rushland Forest (MU40)
General Description:
Estuarine Juncus Rushland occurs on near-level tidal flats associated with Mangrove-Estuarine Complex (MU47) and
Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest (MU40). It is dominated almost exclusively with Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis, and
the water-logged soils prevent the growth of Casuarina glauca.
Characteristic Features:
dominance by Sea Rush, with few other species
water-logged muddy soils
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 3 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest EEC
SWNH3
293
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 2 plots]:
Estuarine Juncus Rushland (40c)
Average similarity: 84.21
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Grass
Sporobolus virginicus
2.50
21.05
-
25.00
Sedge
Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis
6.00
63.16
-
75.00
294
Saltmarsh Unit 47a
Keith Class: Saltmarshes
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Saltmarsh/ Estuarine Complex (228)
LHCCREMS: Saltmarsh (MU47a)
General Description:
Saltmarsh occurs immediately within and adjacent to tidal estuaries. This community occurs in close association with
Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest (MU40), but differs structurally and floristically by the clear dominance of species such
as Sarcocornia quinqueflora subsp. quinqueflora, Samolus repens and Suaeda australis in saltmarsh; and Sporobolus
virginicus in grasslands. Casuarina glauca is also generally absent.
Characteristic Features:
absence of trees and shrubs
ground layer dominated by Saltmarsh or grasses
occurs in tidal areas adjacent to estuarine water bodies
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 78 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Coastal Saltmarsh EEC
SWNC3
295
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Saltmarsh (47a)
Average similarity: 70.26
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Grass
Sporobolus virginicus
3.33
17.26
3.36
24.57
Zoysia macrantha
3.00
8.89
0.58
12.65
Herb
Sarcocornia quinqueflora subsp. quinqueflora
6.00
44.10
12.41
62.77
296
Sedgeland & Meadow (Freshwater)
297
Phragmites Rushland Unit 40a
Keith Class: Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: ?Swamp Oak/ Sea Rush/ Baumea juncea swamp forest on coastal lowlands of the
Central Coast and lower North Coast (209)
LHCCREMS: Phragmities Rushland (MU40a)
General Description:
Phragmites Rushland is a secondary vegetation community occupying previously cleared areas of Swamp Oak –
Rushland Forest (MU40) and associated wetlands near coastal estuaries. It is colonised almost exclusively by Common
Reed (Phragmites australis).
Characteristic Features:
no canopy of trees or shrubs
monospecific ground layer of Common Reed
occurs in shallow dams or impoundments near coastal estuaries
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 33 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest EEC
CHB
298
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Phragmites Rushland (40a)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Grass
Phragmites australis
-
-
-
√
299
Lepironia Swamp Unit 45
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Lepironia articulata sedgeland (223)
LHCCREMS: Lepironia Swamp (MU45)
General Description:
Lepironia Swamp is currently known only from Redhead Lagoon within the Awabakal Nature Reserve, where it forms a
band of tall sedgeland around the rim of the deeper water body. Lepironia articulata dominates, with the ground layer
supporting species such as the grass Pseudoraphis paradoxa and the herb Villarsia exaltata. Regionally, this vegetation
type is rare, and occurs only in coastal sand swamp systems.
Characteristic Features:
tall reedland of Grey Rush
few other species present, although Swamp Mud-Grass may be common
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 2 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Sydney Freshwater Wetlands EEC
WLS11
300
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Lepironia Swamp (45)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia
-
-
-
1.00
Low Shrub
Pseudanthus orientalis
-
-
-
4.00
Sedge
Lepidosperma concavum
-
-
-
6.00
Aquatic Herb
Villarsia exaltata
-
-
-
1.00
301
Freshwater Wetland Complex Unit 46
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Freshwater Wetland vegetation is commonly represented only in dis-used man-made dams or previously cleared swamp
forests across much of Lake Macquarie LGA. Variation in dominant sedge species can occur, depending on the
colonisation history of the particular water body, and depth of water. Some attempt has been made to differentiate
different wetland communities (see other Unit 46s), but further variations will likely be documented with additional
sampling.
Characteristic Features:
vegetated water bodies or meadows, with or without deep water
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 61 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains EEC
Key Diagnostic Species [no available data]:
No photo
302
Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland Unit 46c
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)?
General Description:
Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland occurs generally within rainforest patches in poorly drained depressions. Very
few stands have been recorded for Lake Macquarie, but it is also present in Wyong LGA. Common species present
include Carex fascicularis, Carex appressa and Cyperus exaltatus.
Characteristic Features:
poorly drained depressions within a mosaic of rainforest and moist forest types
dominated by Tall Sedge, Tassel Sedge and Cyperus
standing water often present
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 0.04 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
MRSA6
303
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland (46c)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Palm
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
-
-
-
1.00
Sedge
Carex appressa
-
-
-
4.00
Carex fascicularis
-
-
-
4.00
Cyperus exaltatus
-
-
-
3.00
Cyperus polystachyos
-
-
-
2.00
Schoenoplectus mucronatus
-
-
-
1.00
Herb
Persicaria praetermissa
-
-
-
3.00
Hydrocotyle tripartita
-
-
-
2.00
Ranunculus inundatus
-
-
-
2.00
304
Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland Unit 46h
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Cladium procerum coastal freshwater wetland (217)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland form large monospecific stands in the coastal sands of Jewells and Belmont, merging
into surrounding sedgelands of Phragmites and/ or Typha. It may also include stunted but widely scattered small trees of
Melaleuca quinquenervia.
Characteristic Features:
tall dense stands of Cladium
standing water
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 12 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains EEC
WLSO3
305
Key Diagnostic Species [cover abundances, based on 1 plot]:
Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland (46h)
Less than 2 samples in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Shrub
Melaleuca ericifolia
-
-
-
1.00
Ground Fern
Hypolepis muelleri
-
-
-
2.00
Grass
Phragmites australis
-
-
-
2.00
Sedge
Cladium procerum
-
-
-
6.00
306
Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland Unit 46i
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland is dominated by Gahnia sieberiana, and forms large dense stands in enclosed sand-
based freshwater wetland systems. Other species present include Banksia robur, Leptospermum juniperinum,
Callistemon citrinus and Glechenia dicarpa; however Gahnia is always the dominant species. Also present may be the
occasional stunted Eucalyptus robusta or Melaleuca quinquenervia.
Characteristic Features:
sedgeland dominated by Red-fruit Saw-sedge
Banksia, Ti-tree and Bottlebrush prominent but never dominant
often water-logged or with standing water
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 25 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains EEC
CTHH3
307
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland (46i)
Average similarity: 57.12
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Tree
Eucalyptus robusta
1.33
0.85
0.58
1.50
Shrub
Banksia robur
2.67
6.17
6.12
10.81
Callistemon citrinus
2.33
6.17
6.12
10.81
Leptospermum juniperinum
2.33
6.17
6.12
10.81
Viminaria juncea
2.00
3.94
3.75
6.90
Acacia elongata
1.33
3.09
6.12
5.40
Epacris obtusifolia
0.67
1.04
0.58
1.82
Ground Fern
Gleichenia dicarpa
3.67
8.26
2.17
14.46
Blechnum indicum
1.00
0.85
0.58
1.50
Sedge
Gahnia sieberiana
4.67
10.97
6.32
19.21
Baumea articulata
2.00
6.17
6.12
10.81
Empodisma minus
1.33
1.71
0.58
2.99
Herb
Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. micranthus
1.33
1.71
0.58
2.99
308
Grasslands
309
Coastal Headland Grassland Unit 51a
Keith Class: Maritime Grasslands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Kangaroo Grass/ Westringia fruticosa grassland on coastal headlands (179)
LHCCREMS: Coastal Headland Complex (MU51)
General Description:
Coastal Headland Grassland occurs in highly exposed locations along the coast. It is characterised by high abundance
of Themeda australis on the ground, and few or no shrubs or trees. Many other species also occur, including Ptilothrix
deusta, Pimelea linifolia, Acacia myrtifolia, and Lasiopetalum parvifolium. Fire history and other disturbances have a role
in the current distribution of this community, and it often forms a mosaic with Coastal Headland Shrubland (MU51b).
Current mapping likely excludes some areas of this community, as the process of cutting original linework to Councils
veg-noveg layer has eliminated some patches.
Characteristic Features:
little or no shrubs or trees
ground layer dominated by Kangaroo Grass
occurs in locations exposed to on-shore winds
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 6 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Themeda grasslands on seacliffs and headlands EEC
CTHI8
310
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Coastal Headland Grassland (51a)
Average similarity: 29.83
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Small Tree
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
0.67
0.88
0.58
2.94
Shrub
Acrotriche divaricata
0.67
1.09
0.58
3.66
Melaleuca nodosa
1.00
1.09
0.58
3.66
Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera
1.00
0.88
0.58
2.94
Grass
Themeda australis
6.00
15.94
4.36
53.46
Eragrostis brownii
1.33
1.37
0.58
4.61
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
0.67
1.09
0.58
3.66
Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora
0.67
0.88
0.58
2.94
Herb
Centella asiatica
1.00
1.09
0.58
3.66
Gonocarpus teucrioides
1.00
0.88
0.58
2.94
Twiner
Polymeria calycina
1.67
3.75
1.53
12.57
Glycine tabacina
0.67
0.88
0.58
2.94
311
Beach Spinifex Unit 53
Keith Class: Maritime Grasslands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Beach Spinifex (MU53)
General Description:
Beach lines south of Swansea support good stands of Beach Spinifex, where Spinifex sericeus dominates. Much of the
beach sands north of Swansea have been invaded by Bitou Bush following sand mining, and indescriminant 4WD use
has assisted in the demise of this community. The weed Hydrocotyle bonariensis is present in all stands, along with
native species such as Carpobrotus glaucescens and Scaevola calendulaceae.
Characteristic Features:
no shrubs or trees
ground layer dominated by Spinifex
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 9 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNH7
312
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Beach Spinifex (53)
Average similarity: 61.66
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Prostrate Shrub
Carpobrotus glaucescens
1.67
10.76
11.88
17.46
Grass
Spinifex sericeus
5.33
50.90
2.98
82.54
313
Seagrass Unit 121
Keith Class: Maritime Grasslands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Not applicable
General Description:
Seagrass occurs in the shallower reaches of Lake Macquarie, but has not been targeted or sampled during this study.
Common genera there include Zostera, Posidonia, and Halophila.
Characteristic Features:
dominated by aquatic seagrasses
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Pittwater
314
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Seagrass (121)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Grass
Halophilas spp
-
-
-
√
Posidonia spp
-
-
-
√
Zostera spp
-
-
-
√
315
Water Couch Meadow Unit 125
Keith Class: Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: No equivalent (-)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Water Couch Meadow occurs as small patches or strips along the side of freshwater lagoons or creeks, where sufficient
shallow water is present. Paspalum distichum dominates these areas in mostly monospecific meadows. No targeted
sampling of these areas has yet been undertaken, and known occurences are too small to map.
Characteristic Features:
dominance by Water Couch in damp or slightly inundated areas
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] currently not mapped
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
CHB
316
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Water Couch Meadow (125)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Grass
Paspalum distichum
-
-
-
√
317
Anthropogenic Vegetation
318
Freshwater Typha Wetland Unit 46a
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Typha rushland (219)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Freshwater Typha Wetland is a floristically simple community occupying man-made dams or other disturbed areas that
results in water impoundment or poor drainage. Typha orientalis dominates these areas almost exclusively.
Characteristic Features:
monospecific stands of Bullrush
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 29 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains EEC (?)
Cooranbong
319
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Freshwater Typha Wetland (46a)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Sedge
Typha orientalis
-
-
-
√
Grass
Phragmites australis
-
-
-
√
320
Freshwater Baumea Sedgeland Unit 46b
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Baumea articulata Sedgeland (224)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Freshwater Baumea Sedgeland is currently mapped only from the Catherine Hill Bay area, where it occurs at the site of
an old, disused dam near Colliery Road. This location is likely to have been used for early coal mining activities. The
existing water body is surrounded by moist vegetation characterised by Eucalyptus piperita, with Eucalyptus robusta
further downstream. Baumea articulata dominates the sedgeland in the shallow portions of the dam, with open water in
the deeper sections. This anthropogenic community is likely to also occur elsewhere in Lake Macquarie in disused dams
and water storage areas.
Characteristic Features:
lack of trees and shrubs
dense ground layer of Jointed Twig-rush
standing water
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 1 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Wetlands EEC
No photo
321
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Freshwater Baumea Sedgeland (46b)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
C/A
Sedge
Baumea articulata
-
-
-
√
322
Freshwater Philydrum Sedgeland Unit 46f
Keith Class: Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
VCA: Not yet assigned
GHV: Woolly Waterlily/ Sand Couch coastal freshwater wetland (221)
LHCCREMS: Freshwater Wetland Complex (MU46)
General Description:
Disused farm dams or open depressions with reasonable levels of water retention support a sedgeland of Philydrum
lanuginosum. In shallower areas, species such as Eleocharis and Baumea may also be present. Only known areas have
been mapped to data, and it is likely that additional stands are present throughout the LGA.
Characteristic Features:
standing water in depressions or old dams
dominance by Froglip
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 0.02 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains EEC (?)
Barnsley
323
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Freshwater Philydrum Sedgeland (46f)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Sedge
Philydrum lanuginosum
-
-
-
√
Eleocharis sphaecolata
-
-
-
√
Baumea rubiginosa
-
-
-
√
324
Mining Rehabilitation Unit R
Keith Class: Not applicable
VCA: Not applicable
GHV: Not applicable
LHCCREMS: Not applicable
General Description:
Much of the lands in the Belmont South – Jewells area have a history of sand mining from the 1970s, and extensive
rehabilitation has occurred there. Some of these areas support a relatively diversity shrubland community of species
typical of coastal sandy heaths, while other areas are monospecific stands of Leptospermum laevigatum. All have been
mapped collectively as Mining Rehabilitation.
Characteristic Features:
scattered tall shrubs of Ti-Tree, over low shrubs such as Slender Rice-Flower, Drumsticks, Coral Heath and
Conospermum OR;
monospecific tall stands of Coast Ti-Tree
sparse to absent ground layer of grasses, herbs and forbs
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 9 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
SWNF9
325
Key Diagnostic Species [99% contribution, based on 3 plots]:
Mining Rehab
Average similarity: 47.81
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
Contrib%
Shrub
Leptospermum laevigatum
3.67
5.61
1.05
11.74
Leucopogon ericoides
2.00
5.34
5.68
11.17
Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia
2.00
5.34
5.68
11.17
Bossiaea ensata
1.67
3.38
4.45
7.07
Brachyloma daphnoides subsp. daphnoides
1.67
3.38
4.45
7.07
Hibbertia linearis
1.00
2.67
5.68
5.58
Monotoca elliptica
1.33
2.67
5.68
5.58
Leptospermum trinervium
2.33
2.13
0.58
4.45
Conospermum taxifolium
1.33
1.42
0.58
2.97
Dillwynia retorta
1.33
1.42
0.58
2.97
Monotoca scoparia
1.33
1.42
0.58
2.97
Persoonia lanceolata
1.67
1.42
0.58
2.97
Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
0.67
0.71
0.58
1.48
Acacia suaveolens
0.67
0.71
0.58
1.48
Aotus ericoides
1.33
0.71
0.58
1.48
Bossiaea heterophylla
1.00
0.71
0.58
1.48
Eriostemon australasius
0.67
0.71
0.58
1.48
Gompholobium virgatum
0.67
0.71
0.58
1.48
Leucopogon virgatus
1.00
0.71
0.58
1.48
Low Shrub
Astroloma humifusum
1.33
1.42
0.58
2.97
Platysace ericoides
1.33
1.42
0.58
2.97
Graminoid
Lomandra longifolia
0.67
0.98
0.58
2.05
Sedge
Lepidosperma concavum
1.33
1.42
0.58
2.97
Schoenus ericetorum
0.67
0.71
0.58
1.48
Twiner
Cassytha glabella f. glabella
1.00
0.71
0.58
1.48
326
Bitou Bush Scrub Unit 50c
Keith Class: Not applicable
VCA: Not applicable
GHV: Not applicable
LHCCREMS: Not applicable
General Description:
Extensive areas of coastline and the associated coastal headlands support dense shrublands of Bitou Bush
(Chrysanthemoides monilifera). This species is particularly dominant on the beach foredunes, and has replaced much of
the Coastal Dune Foredune Scrub (MU50a) north from Swansea. Mapping does not show the full extent of this
community, as the process of cutting original linework to Councils veg-no veg layer has eliminated most beach
environments.
Characteristic Features:
dense shrubland of Bitou Bush, with few other species present
Classification Confidence:
Low
Moderate
High
Distribution:
Within Lake Macquarie LGA [from LGA Map v2014 Stages 1-6] 28 ha
Community Conservation Status:
EPBC Act (1999) Status - not currently listed.
TSC Act (1995) Status - not currently listed.
Belmont South
327
Key Diagnostic Species [species presence, local knowledge]:
Bitou Bush Scrub (50c)
Less than 1 sample in group
Habit
Species
Av.Abund
Av.Sim
Sim/SD
P/A
Shrub
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata
-
-
-
√
328
Appendix 1 – Sampling Effort
Unit
Community Name
No. Sample Plots
1
Coastal Wet Gully Forest (1)
3
1a
Coastal Warm Temperate - Subtropical Rainforest (1a)
2
1g
Permian Gully Rainforest (1g)
5
3e
Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest (3e)
5
4
Littoral Rainforest (4)
4
5
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest (5)
10
5a
Alluvial Bluegum - Paperbark Forest (5a)
0
5b
Alluvial Bluegum - Apple Moist Forest (5b)
4
5e
Alluvial Bluegum - Spotted Gum Moist Forest (5e)
1
5h
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest (5h)
1
6a
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest (6a)
1
9a
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest (9a)
2
9b
Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest (9b)
4
9d
Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest (9d)
2
9e
Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest (9e)
1
9f
Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint - Blackbutt Forest (9f)
0
9h
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest (9h)
1
9i
Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark - Mahogany Forest (9i)
2
9l
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt - Tallowwood Forest (9l)
0
11
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest (11)
18
11a
Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest (11a)
5
11c
Awaba Peppermint-Black Wattle Riparian Forest (11c)
1
12
Hunter Valley Moist Forest (12)
9
12a
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest (12a)
2
12b
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Turpentine Forest (12b)
0
12c
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (12c)
0
12d
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Fergusons Forest (12d)
4
15
Coastal Foothill Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (Jilliby) (15)
4
15d
Coastal Foothill Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (Kurri Kurri) (15d)
0
15h
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest (15h)
20
15i
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest (15i)
1
15k
Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest (15k)
0
15l
Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (15l)
3
15m
Jilliby Spotted Gum - Northern Ironbark - Mahogany Forest (15m)
0
15n
Jilliby Spotted Gum-Ferguson's Ironbark-Mahogany Forest (15n)
4
15o
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest (15o)
5
15p
Sugarloaf Uplands Paperbark Thicket (15p)
3
17o
Hinterland Spotted Gum - Red Ironbark Forest (17o)
32
21a
Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest (21a)
2
21d
Hunter Range Dry Ironbark - Grey Gum Forest (21d)
0
21e
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany - Grey Gum Forest (21e)
0
21f
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany - Apple Forest (21f)
1
329
Unit
Community Name
No. Sample Plots
21g
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest (21g)
1
22
Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest (22)
4
22e
Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood - Apple - Mahogany Forest (22e)
0
25a
Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest (25a)
1
26h
Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest (26h)
3
30
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (30)
5
30a
Buttonderry Footslopes Forest (30a)
2
30b
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest (30b)
11
30e
Coastal Plains Stringybark - Apple Forest (30e)
11
30f
Freemans Peppermint - Apple - Bloodwood Forest (30f)
9
30h
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest (30h)
11
30i
West Wallsend Stringybark Forest (30i)
2
30j
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple - Scribbly Gum Forest (30j)
19
31
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland (31)
45
31h
Coastal Plains Dry Heath (31h)
2
31i
Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath (31i)
8
31j
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest (31j)
5
31k
Narrabeen Dune Forest (31k)
3
33
Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest (33)
3
33c
Pelican Bangalay Forest (33c)
6
33d
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest (33d)
1
33m
Sand Mantled Banksia Forest (33m)
4
34a
Coastal Sand Wallum Heath (34a)
3
34b
Coastal Sand Mantled Clay Heath (34b)
2
34c
Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath (34c)
3
36c
Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub (36c)
1
37
Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest (37)
7
37a
Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest (37a)
0
37b
Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest (37b)
1
37d
Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest (37d)
2
37e
Coastal Sand Swamp Forest (37e)
3
37f
Swamp Mahogany - Livistonia Swamp Forest (37f)
3
37g
Swamp Mahogany - Tallowwood Swamp Forest (37g)
1
37j
Dune Swale Swamp Forest (37j)
1
38
Foreshore Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (38)
5
38a
Floodplain Redgum - Rough-barked Apple Forest (38a)
5
38c
Foreshore Redgum - Ironbark Forest (38c)
1
38d
Foreshore Redgum - Grey Gum Forest (38d)
1
39
Apple Palm Gully Forest (39)
2
40
Swamp Oak - Rushland Forest (40)
3
40a
Phragmites Rushland (40a)
0
40c
Estuarine Juncus Rushland (40c)
2
40d
Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest (40d)
2
42
Red Mahogany - Apple Paperbark Forest (42)
11
330
Unit
Community Name
No. Sample Plots
42a
Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket (42a)
2
42c
Wyee Turpentine - Red Mahogany - Apple Riparian Forest (42c)
0
43a
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub Forest (43a)
9
43c
Paperbark Clay Heath (43c)
1
43e
White Stringybark Paperbark Scrub Forest (43e)
1
43f
Forest Red Gum Paperbark Scrub-Forest (43f)
0
44a
Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath (44a)
1
44g
Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath (44g)
2
44j
Tomago Strand Plain Intermediate Heath (44j)
1
44l
Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland (44l)
1
44m
Coastal Plains Wet Heath (44m)
2
45
Lepironia Swamp (45)
1
46
Freshwater Wetland Complex (46)
0
46a
Freshwater Typha Wetland (46a)
0
46b
Freshwater Baumea Sedgeland (46b)
0
46c
Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland (46c)
1
46f
Freshwater Philydrum Sedgeland (46f)
0
46h
Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland (46h)
1
46i
Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland (46i)
3
47
Mangrove - Estuarine Complex (47)
3
47a
Saltmarsh (47a)
3
50a
Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub (50a)
2
50b
Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub (50b)
2
50c
Bitou Bush Scrub
0
51a
Coastal Headland Grassland (51a)
3
51b
Coastal Headland Shrubland (51b)
2
51c
Coastal Headland Low Forest (51c)
4
51d
Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub (51d)
2
53
Beach Spinifex (53)
3
54
Sandstone Hanging Swamps (54)
1
54e
Munmorah Sedge Swamp (54e)
0
100a
Swamp Paperbark Thicket (Floodplain Alluvials) (100a)
1
108b
Paperbark Depression Forest (108b)
0
110a
Red Ironbark - Paperbark Forest (110a)
9
110b
Depression Paperbark Thicket (110b)
1
111a
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest (111a)
21
111c
Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest (111c)
2
113
Paperbark - Carex Backswamp Forest (113)
1
114
Mesic Paperbark Thicket (114)
4
119
Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest (119)
3
121
Seagrass (121) [not targeted]
0
122
Cockle Creek Dune Forest (122)
6
123
Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest (123)
2
125
Water Couch Meadow
0
331
Unit
Community Name
No. Sample Plots
R
Mining Rehab
3
TOTAL PLOTS
480
332
Community Index (by Name)
Alluvial Bluegum – Apple Moist Forest ............................................................................................................ 24
Alluvial Bluegum - Paperbark Forest ............................................................................................................... 22
Alluvial Bluegum – Spotted Gum Moist Forest ................................................................................................ 26
Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest ...................................................................................................... 189
Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest ............................................................................................................ 187
Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest ................................................................................................................... 185
Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest ................................................................................................................... 29
Alluvial Tall Moist Forest ................................................................................................................................. 19
Apple - Palm Gully Forest ............................................................................................................................. 195
Awaba Peppermint – Black Wattle Riparian Forest ........................................................................................ 35
Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest ...................................................................................................... 97
Beach Spinifex .............................................................................................................................................. 311
Bitou Bush Scrub ........................................................................................................................................... 326
Buttonderry Footslopes Forest ...................................................................................................................... 139
Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest ................................................................................. 114
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest ......................................................................................... 103
Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Kurri) .............................................................................. 106
Coastal Headland Grassland ........................................................................................................................ 309
Coastal Headland Low Forest ....................................................................................................................... 158
Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub .............................................................................................................. 259
Coastal Headland Shrubland ........................................................................................................................ 257
Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest ..................................................................................................... 40
Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood – Apple - Mahogany Forest .................................................................. 134
Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest .................................................................................................................. 132
Coastal Plains Dry Heath .............................................................................................................................. 262
Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland ....................................................................................................... 161
Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland .......................................................................................... 136
Coastal Plains Stringybark – Apple Forest .................................................................................................... 144
Coastal Plains Wet Heath ............................................................................................................................. 277
Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest ............................................................................................................. 70
Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint - Blackbutt Forest ....................................................................................... 74
Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest .................................................................................... 72
Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest ....................................................................................... 76
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest ......................................................................................................... 43
Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt-Tallowwood Forest ..................................................................................... 49
Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest ...................................................................................................... 45
Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark – Mahogany Forest ................................................................................. 47
Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest ........................................................................................................... 93
Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub ......................................................................................................................... 251
Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath ........................................................................................................... 280
Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub ...................................................................................................................... 249
Coastal Sand Mantled Clay Heath ................................................................................................................ 270
Coastal Sand Swamp Forest ......................................................................................................................... 203
Coastal Sand Wallum Heath ......................................................................................................................... 268
Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath ........................................................................................................................ 272
Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath ................................................................................................................ 264
Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest ................................................................................................. 51
Coastal Warm Temperate – Subtropical Rainforest.......................................................................................... 9
Coastal Wet Gully Forest .................................................................................................................................. 7
Cockle Creek Dune Forest ............................................................................................................................ 179
Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest ................................................................................................................... 37
Depression Paperbark Thicket ...................................................................................................................... 243
Dune Swale Swamp Forest ........................................................................................................................... 207
Estuarine Juncus Rushland ........................................................................................................................... 292
Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest ................................................................................................................ 219
Floodplain Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest ....................................................................................... 193
Foreshore Redgum – Ironbark Forest ........................................................................................................... 212
333
Foreshore Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest ....................................................................................... 210
Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest ................................................................................................... 225
Freemans Peppermint – Apple - Bloodwood Forest ..................................................................................... 147
Freshwater Baumea Sedgeland .................................................................................................................... 320
Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland ...................................................................................................... 302
Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland .................................................................................................................... 304
Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland ...................................................................................................................... 306
Freshwater Philydrum Sedgeland ................................................................................................................. 322
Freshwater Typha Wetland ........................................................................................................................... 318
Freshwater Wetland Complex ....................................................................................................................... 301
Hawkesbury Hanging Swamps ..................................................................................................................... 287
Hinterland Spotted Gum – Red Ironbark Forest ............................................................................................ 125
Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest .................................................................................................. 79
Hunter Range Dry Ironbark – Grey Gum Forest ............................................................................................. 81
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Apple Forest ................................................................................................. 85
Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Grey Gum Forest .......................................................................................... 83
Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest ........................................................................................... 87
Hunter Valley Moist Forest .............................................................................................................................. 54
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest...................................................................................... 57
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Fergusons Forest ................................................................................... 63
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest ....................................................................................... 61
Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum – Turpentine Forest .................................................................................. 59
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Fergusons Ironbark - Mahogany Forest ..................................................................... 120
Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest ....................................................................... 118
Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest ........................................................................................................................ 174
Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest ................................................................................................................... 172
Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest ....................................................................................................................... 14
Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest ............................................................................................ 216
Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest ................................................................................................................... 111
Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest ........................................................................................................... 168
Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest ........................................................................................................... 108
Lepironia Swamp ........................................................................................................................................... 299
Littoral Rainforest ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Mangrove – Estuarine Complex .................................................................................................................... 254
Mesic Paperbark Thicket ............................................................................................................................... 236
Mining Rehabilitation ..................................................................................................................................... 324
Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath .................................................................................................................. 275
Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland .......................................................................................................... 284
Munmorah Sedge Swamp ............................................................................................................................. 289
Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket ........................................................................................................... 228
Narrabeen Dune Forest ................................................................................................................................. 177
Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest ............................................................................................................ 66
Paperbark – Carex Backswamp Forest ........................................................................................................ 234
Paperbark Clay Heath ................................................................................................................................... 241
Paperbark Depression Forest ....................................................................................................................... 232
Pelican Bangalay Forest ................................................................................................................................. 95
Permian Gully Rainforest ................................................................................................................................ 11
Phragmites Rushland .................................................................................................................................... 297
Red Ironbark – Paperbark Forest .................................................................................................................. 128
Red Mahogany – Apple – Paperbark Forest ................................................................................................. 197
Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest ........................................................................................................ 32
Saltmarsh ...................................................................................................................................................... 294
Sand Mantled Banksia Forest ....................................................................................................................... 100
Seagrass ....................................................................................................................................................... 313
Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest .......................................................................................................... 165
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood – Apple – Scribbly Gum Forest .................................................................. 155
Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest ............................................................................................ 150
Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest .............................................................................................. 141
Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest ............................................................................... 116
Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest ............................................................................ 122
334
Sugarloaf Uplands Paperbark Thicket .......................................................................................................... 239
Swamp Mahogany – Livistona Swamp Forest .............................................................................................. 205
Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest ......................................................................................................... 182
Swamp Mahogany – Tallowwood Swamp Forest ......................................................................................... 191
Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest .................................................................................................................... 214
Swamp Paperbark Thicket ............................................................................................................................ 230
Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub .......................................................................................................................... 247
Tomago Strand Plain Intermediate Heath ..................................................................................................... 282
Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest ........................................................................................................ 90
Water Couch Meadow ................................................................................................................................... 315
West Wallsend Stringybark Forest ................................................................................................................ 153
White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest ............................................................................................... 222
Wyee Turpentine – Red Mahogany – Apple Riparian Forest ....................................................................... 200
335
Community Index (by Unit)
1 Coastal Wet Gully Forest ....................................................................................................................... 7
1a Coastal Warm Temperate – Subtropical Rainforest .............................................................................. 9
1g Permian Gully Rainforest ..................................................................................................................... 11
3e Lake Macquarie Dry Rainforest ........................................................................................................... 14
4 Littoral Rainforest ................................................................................................................................ 16
5 Alluvial Tall Moist Forest ...................................................................................................................... 19
5a Alluvial Bluegum - Paperbark Forest ................................................................................................... 22
5b Alluvial Bluegum – Apple Moist Forest ................................................................................................ 24
5e Alluvial Bluegum – Spotted Gum Moist Forest .................................................................................... 26
5h Alluvial Riparian Blackbutt Forest ........................................................................................................ 29
6a Coastal Narrabeen Bluegum Ridge Forest ......................................................................................... 40
9a Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt Forest ............................................................................................. 43
9b Coastal Ranges Dry Blackbutt Forest ................................................................................................. 70
9d Coastal Ranges Dry Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest ......................................................................... 72
9e Coastal Ranges Mesic Peppermint Forest .......................................................................................... 45
9f Coastal Ranges Dry Peppermint - Blackbutt Forest ........................................................................... 74
9h Coastal Ranges Dry Tallowwood - Blackbutt Forest ........................................................................... 76
9i Coastal Ranges Mesic Stringybark – Mahogany Forest ..................................................................... 47
9l Coastal Ranges Mesic Blackbutt-Tallowwood Forest ......................................................................... 49
11 Coastal Sheltered Apple - Peppermint Forest ..................................................................................... 51
11a Riparian Paperbark - Peppermint Forest ............................................................................................. 32
11c Awaba Peppermint – Black Wattle Riparian Forest ............................................................................ 35
12 Hunter Valley Moist Forest .................................................................................................................. 54
12a Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Blackbutt Forest .......................................................................... 57
12b Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum – Turpentine Forest ...................................................................... 59
12c Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest ........................................................................... 61
12d Hunter Valley Moist Spotted Gum - Fergusons Forest ....................................................................... 63
15 Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest ............................................................................. 103
15d Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Kurri) .................................................................. 106
15h Lake Macquarie Spotted Gum Forest ............................................................................................... 108
15i Lake Macquarie Ironbark Forest ....................................................................................................... 111
15k Coastal Foothills Moist Grey Gum - Mahogany Forest ..................................................................... 114
15l Sugarloaf Uplands Dry Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest ................................................................... 116
15m Jilliby Spotted Gum – Northern Ironbark – Mahogany Forest ........................................................... 118
15n Jilliby Spotted Gum – Fergusons Ironbark - Mahogany Forest ......................................................... 120
15o Sugarloaf Uplands Moist Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest ................................................................ 122
15p Sugarloaf Uplands Paperbark Thicket ............................................................................................... 239
17o Hinterland Spotted Gum – Red Ironbark Forest ................................................................................ 125
21a Hunter Range Dry Escarpment Apple Forest ...................................................................................... 79
21d Hunter Range Dry Ironbark – Grey Gum Forest ................................................................................. 81
21e Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Grey Gum Forest .............................................................................. 83
21f Hunter Range Dry Mahogany – Apple Forest ..................................................................................... 85
21g Hunter Range Dry Stringybark - Blackbutt Forest ............................................................................... 87
22 Coastal Narrabeen Shrub Forest ...................................................................................................... 132
22e Coastal Narrabeen Dry Bloodwood – Apple - Mahogany Forest ...................................................... 134
25a Narrabeen Peppermint - Apple Forest ................................................................................................ 66
26h Watagans Remnant Hawkesbury Forest ............................................................................................. 90
30 Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland .............................................................................. 136
30a Buttonderry Footslopes Forest .......................................................................................................... 139
30b Sugarloaf Uplands Bloodwood - Apple Forest .................................................................................. 141
30e Coastal Plains Stringybark – Apple Forest ........................................................................................ 144
30f Freemans Peppermint – Apple - Bloodwood Forest ......................................................................... 147
30h Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood - Apple Forest ................................................................................ 150
30i West Wallsend Stringybark Forest .................................................................................................... 153
30j Sugarloaf Lowlands Bloodwood – Apple – Scribbly Gum Forest ...................................................... 155
31 Coastal Plains Scribbly Gum Woodland ............................................................................................ 161
31h Coastal Plains Dry Heath .................................................................................................................. 262
336
31i Coastal Sandstone Laterite Heath .................................................................................................... 264
31j Snappy Gum Ridgetop Heathy Forest .............................................................................................. 165
31k Narrabeen Dune Forest ..................................................................................................................... 177
33 Coastal Sand Apple - Blackbutt Forest ............................................................................................... 93
33c Pelican Bangalay Forest ...................................................................................................................... 95
33d Awabakal Sand Mantled Blackbutt Forest ........................................................................................... 97
33m Sand Mantled Banksia Forest ........................................................................................................... 100
34a Coastal Sand Wallum Heath ............................................................................................................. 268
34b Coastal Sand Mantled Clay Heath .................................................................................................... 270
34c Coastal Sandplain Dry Heath ............................................................................................................ 272
36c Tomago Clay Wallum Scrub .............................................................................................................. 247
37 Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest .............................................................................................. 182
37a Alluvial Paperbark Sedge Forest ....................................................................................................... 185
37b Alluvial Floodplain Woollybutt Forest ................................................................................................ 187
37d Alluvial Floodplain Cabbage Gum Forest .......................................................................................... 189
37e Coastal Sand Swamp Forest ............................................................................................................. 203
37f Swamp Mahogany – Livistona Swamp Forest .................................................................................. 205
37g Swamp Mahogany – Tallowwood Swamp Forest ............................................................................. 191
37j Dune Swale Swamp Forest ............................................................................................................... 207
38 Foreshore Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest ........................................................................... 210
38a Floodplain Redgum – Rough-barked Apple Forest ........................................................................... 193
38c Foreshore Redgum – Ironbark Forest ............................................................................................... 212
39 Apple - Palm Gully Forest .................................................................................................................. 195
40 Swamp Oak – Rushland Forest ........................................................................................................ 214
40a Phragmites Rushland ........................................................................................................................ 297
40c Estuarine Juncus Rushland ............................................................................................................... 292
40d Lake Macquarie Headland Swamp Oak Forest................................................................................. 216
42 Red Mahogany – Apple – Paperbark Forest ..................................................................................... 197
42a Narrabeen Alluvial Paperbark Thicket ............................................................................................... 228
42c Wyee Turpentine – Red Mahogany – Apple Riparian Forest ............................................................ 200
43a Estuarine Paperbark Scrub-Forest .................................................................................................... 219
43c Paperbark Clay Heath ....................................................................................................................... 241
43e White Stringybark – Paperbark Scrub-Forest .................................................................................... 222
43f Forest Redgum – Paperbark Scrub-Forest ....................................................................................... 225
44a Munmorah Grasstree Wet Heath ...................................................................................................... 275
44g Coastal Sand Bottlebrush Wet Heath ................................................................................................ 280
44j Tomago Strand Plain Intermediate Heath ......................................................................................... 282
44l Munmorah Impeded Sand Sedgeland ............................................................................................... 284
44m Coastal Plains Wet Heath .................................................................................................................. 277
45 Lepironia Swamp ............................................................................................................................... 299
46 Freshwater Wetland Complex ........................................................................................................... 301
46a Freshwater Typha Wetland ............................................................................................................... 318
46b Freshwater Baumea Wetland ............................................................................................................ 320
46c Freshwater Carex Rainforest Sedgeland .......................................................................................... 302
46f Freshwater Philydrum Sedgeland ..................................................................................................... 322
46h Freshwater Cladium Sedgeland ........................................................................................................ 304
46i Freshwater Gahnia Sedgeland .......................................................................................................... 306
47 Mangrove – Estuarine Complex ........................................................................................................ 254
47a Saltmarsh........................................................................................................................................... 294
50a Coastal Sand Foredune Scrub .......................................................................................................... 249
50b Coastal Sand Banksia Scrub ............................................................................................................. 251
50c Bitou Bush Scrub ............................................................................................................................... 326
51a Coastal Headland Grassland ............................................................................................................ 309
51b Coastal Headland Shrubland ............................................................................................................ 257
51c Coastal Headland Low Forest ........................................................................................................... 158
51d Coastal Headland Paperbark Scrub .................................................................................................. 259
53 Beach Spinifex ................................................................................................................................... 311
54 Hawkesbury Hanging Swamps ......................................................................................................... 287
54e Munmorah Sedge Swamp ................................................................................................................. 289
100a Swamp Paperbark Thicket ................................................................................................................ 230
337
108b Paperbark Depression Forest ........................................................................................................... 232
110a Red Ironbark – Paperbark Forest ...................................................................................................... 128
110b Depression Paperbark Thicket .......................................................................................................... 243
111a Lake Macquarie Snappy Gum Forest ................................................................................................ 168
111c Killingworth Snappy Gum Forest ....................................................................................................... 172
113 Paperbark – Carex Backswamp Forest ............................................................................................. 234
114 Mesic Paperbark Thicket ................................................................................................................... 236
119 Kahibah Snappy Gum Forest ............................................................................................................ 174
121 Seagrass............................................................................................................................................ 313
122 Cockle Creek Dune Forest ................................................................................................................ 179
123 Cooranbong Blackbutt Tall Forest ....................................................................................................... 37
125 Water Couch Meadow ....................................................................................................................... 315
R Mining Rehabilitation ......................................................................................................................... 324
