Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt I. Systematic revision of the indigenous taxa

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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt
1. Systematic revision of the indigenous taxa
M. Nabil El Hadidi
Amal I. Hosny
Nahed El Husseini
and
Eman Shamso
The Herbarium, Faculty of Science
Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
El-Hadidi M. N., Hosny A. I., El-Husseini N. & Shamso E., 1999. Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt. 1.
Systematic revision of the indigenous taxa. Taeckholmia 19(2): 227-259.
The indigenous taxa of Scrophulariaceae represented in the flora of Egypt were systematically revised. This
revealed the presence of 50 species belonging to 16 genera, 8 tribes and 3 sub-families. Kickxia gracilis, K.
pseudoscoparia, Scrophularia sinaica, Veronica scardica and V. rubrifolia are new records to the flora of this
country.
For each species, valid name, synonymes (if any), type, distribution (local and global) and selected
specimens are given. A key for the genera of the family, keys for species belonging to genera with more than one
species; and for the infra-specific taxa of polymorphic species are provided
Key words: Flora of Egypt, Scrophulariaceae, indigenous taxa, Kickxia gracilis, K. pseudoscoparia,
Scrophularia sinaica, Veronica scardica, V. rubrifolia.
Introduction
Scrophulariaceae is a large family comprising about 292 genera and nearly 3000 species
of cosmopolitan distribution; consisting mainly of herbs and few shrubs and lianas. The
members of the family are generally recognized by their typically bilateral symmetric
tubular flowers, (± actinomorphic in Verbascum) and their many- seeded capsular fruits.
The family is of limited economic use, the best known applications are the drugs Digitalin
and Digoxin extracted from species of Digitalis. Many genera are well known as garden
ornamentals as species of Antirrhinum and Veronica.
Scrophulariaceae was the subject of numerous systematic treatments since
Jussieu (1789). Among the most important treatments are those of Brown (1810), De
Candolle (1815), Wettstein (1895), Hutchinson (1948), Melchior (1964) and Richardson
(1978).
Olmstead & Reeves (1995), used the chloroplast genes rbc L & ndh F, to study
the phyletic relations among Scrophulariaceae. Their results indicated that the two distinct
clades (Scroph. I & Scroph. II) were composed of elements of the tradition monophyletic
Scrophulariaceae Bremer et al. (1998), classified the Scrophulariaceae under order
Received 24 March 1999. Revision accepted 9 December 1999
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Lamiales and it was claimed to be biphyletic and that each of the two subgroups is more
closely related to the other families of Lamiales than they to each other.
According to Täckholm (1974), Scrophulariaceae is represented in Egypt by 18
genera and about 60 species. El Hadidi & Fayed (1994/95) recognized 17 genera
comprising 60 species, while Boulos (1995) enumerated 62 species and 17 genera.
Systematic Treatment
I. Synopsis of the Egyptian taxa of Scrophulariaceae
The taxa are arranged to the generic level according to the system proposed by Wettstein
(1895), with some modifications adopted by Melchior (1964). Species names preceeded
by two asterisks [**] are new records to the flora of Egypt.
I. Subfamily: Verbascoideae Melch., pro part.
I.A. Tribe: Verbasceae Benth.
1. Verbascum L.
1.1 V. sinaiticum Benth.
1.2 V. sinuatum L.
1.3 V. eremobium Meurb.
1.4 V. fruticulosum Post
1.5 V. letourneuxii Asch.
1.6 V. schimperianum Boiss.
2. Celsia L.
2.1 C. parviflora Decne.
I.B. Tribe: Aptosimeae Benth.
3. Anticharis Endl.
3.1 A. arabica Endl.
3.2 A. glandulosa Asch.
3.3 A. linearis (Benth.)K.Hochst. ex Asch.
II. Subfamily: Scrophularioideae Melch., pro part
II.C. Tribe: Gratioleae Benth.
4. Lindenbergia Lehm.
4.1 L. indica (L.) Vatke
5. Bacopa Aubl.
5.1 B. monnieri (L.)Pennell
6. Peplidium Delile
6.1 P. humifusum Delile
7. Limosella L.
7.1 L. aquatica L.
8. Lindernia All.
8.1. L. parviflora (Roxb.)Haines
II.D. Tribe: Manuleae Benth.
9. Jamesbrittantia Kuntze
9.1. J. dissecta (Delile)Kuntze
II.E. Tribe: Antirrhineae Chav.
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
10. Anarrhinum Desf.
10.1 A. forsskaohlii (J.F.Gmel.)Cufod.
11. Misopates Raf.
11.1 M. orontium (L.)Raf.
12. Kickxia Dumort.
12.1 K.elatine (L.)Dumort.
12.2 K. floribunda (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos
12.3 K. aegyptiaca (L.)Nabelek
12.4 K. acerbiana (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos
12.5 K. nubica (Skan)Dandy
12.6 K. macilenta (Decne )Danin
** 12.7 K. gracilis (Benth.)D.A.Sutton
** 12.8 K. pseudoscoparia V.W.Smith & D.A.Sutton
12.9 K. hastata (R.Br.ex Benth.)Dandy
13. Linaria Mill.
13.1 L. haelava (Forssk.)F.Dietr.
13.2 L. joppensis Bornm.
13.3 L. albifrons (Sm.)Spreng.
13.4 L. simplex Desf.
13.5 L. tenuis (Viv.)Spreng.
II.F. Tribe: Scrophularieae Melch.
14. Scrophularia L.
14.1 S. arguta Sol.
14.2 S. deserti Delile
**14.3 S. sinaica Benth.
14.4 S. canina L.
14.5 S. hypericifolia Wydler
14.6 S. libanotica Boiss.
III. Subfamily Rhinanthoideae Wettst.
III.G. Tribe: Veroniceae Benth.
15. Veronica L.
15.1 V. anagalloides Guss
15.2 V. Anagallis- aquatica L.
**15.3 V. scardica Griseb.
15.4 V. catenata Pennell
15.5 V. kaiseri Täckh.
15.6 V. musa Täckh. & Hadidi
15.7 V. persica Poir.
15.8 V. polita Fr.
15.9. V. campylopoda Boiss.
**15.10. V. rubrifolia Boiss.
III.H. Tribe: Buchnereae Benth.
16. Striga Lour.
16.1 S. hermonthica (Delile) Benth.
16.2 S. asiatica (L.)Kuntze
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II. Key to the genera of Scrophulariaceae
1.a. Plant glabrous ………………………………………………………………………………… 2
b. Plant hairy ……………………………………………………………………………………... 4
2.a. Subaquatic, stemless herb…………………………………………………… 7. Limosella
b. Terrestrial, stemmed herbs………………………….………………………………...…… 3
3.a. Calyx campanulate; corolla bi-labiate, stamens 2, dilated at base .. 6. Peplidium
b. Calyx of unequal sepals; corolla campanulate; stamens 4, filiform … 5. Bacopa
4.a. Corolla rotate or tubular and dilated above …………………………………………… 5
b. Corolla bi-labiate …………………………………………………………………………... 9
5.a. Corolla rotate …………………………………………………………………………………. 6
b. Corolla tubular and dilated above…………………………………………………….….. 8
6.a. Plants with unbranched hairs; leaves mostly opposite; calyx and
corolla 4-merous; stamens 2. ……………………………………………. 15. Veronica
b. Plants with branched hairs; leaves mostly alternate; calyx and corolla 5-
merous; stamens 4 or 5 ……………………………………………………………………. 7
7.a. Leaf margin entire; stamens 4 …………………………………………………... 2. Celsia
b. Leaf margin crenate, sinuate, dentate to undulate; stamens 5 …….. 1.Verbascu
m
8.a. Leaves with entire margin; flowers bracteolate; stamens 2, with
half moon-shaped uni-celled anthers ……………………………………. 3. Anticharis
b. Leaves with dentate or incised margin; flowers ebracteolate;
stamens 4, with reniform uni-celled anthers ……………………. 9. Jamesbrittania
9.a. Plant semiparasitic, with scabrous texture, turns to black when dry…. 16.
Striga
b. Plant non parasitic, with soft hairy texture, remains green when dry ………….. 10
10.a. Corolla spurred or gibbous at base ……………………………………………………… 11
b. Corolla neither spurred nor gibbous ……………………………………………………. 14
11.a Corolla spurred ………………………………………………………………………………. 12
b. Corolla gibbous ……………………………………………………………………………… 13
12.a. Leaves sessile, linear-oblong; flowers in terminal raceme; capsule
opens by apical irregular teeth …………………………………………….. 13. Linaria
b. Leaves petiolate, often hastate or sagitate; flowers solitary in leaf
axils; capsule often opens by 2-circular lid or with 1-3 valves ……... 12. Kickxia
13.a. Inflorescence of spike-like racemes; calyx of 5 unequal sepals;
corolla with prominent sulcate palate, closing the tube- mouth;
stamens 4, fertile, with divergent bi-celled anthers ………………… 11. Misopates
b. Inflorescence of paniculate or thyrose-like cymes; calyx of 5
subequal sepals; corolla without palate; stamens 4, with
confluent bi-celled anthers, staminode one or sometimes
absent ……………………………………………………………………. 14. Scrophularia
14.a. Stamens 2, with divergent bi-celled anthers, staminodes 2, stigma
bi-lamellate ……………………………………………………………………. 8.
Lindernia
b. Stamens 4, with either confluent or stipitate bi-celled anthers, stigma clavate 15
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
to capitate ………………………………………………………………………………………
15.a. Leaves opposite, petiolate; anthers stipitate bi-celled; seed
coat with hooked, thickened ridges …………………………………. 4. Lindenbergia
b. Leaves alternate, or the lower leaves opposite, sessile;
anthers confluent bi-celled; seed coat tuberculate ………………. 10. Anarrhinum
III. Systematic Revision
The present revision is based on collections kept in CAI, CAIM and K (abbreviations of
Index Herb. ed.8,1990), as well as on fresh materials collected by the authors from
localities in the Mediterranean coastal-land, Libyan, Isthmic and Arabian Deserts, Faiyum
Governorate and Sinai. Phytogeographical territories for the selected specimens are those
proposed by El-Hadidi (1980), Fig. (1).
Fig. (1). Phytogeographical subdivisions of Egypt (after El Hadidi, 1980). (M) Mediterranean
coastal belt, (D1) Libyan Desert, (Dn) Nubian Desert, (Di) Isthmic Desert, (Dg) Galala Desert, (Da)
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Arabian Desert, (Nv) Nile Valley sector of the Nile-land, ( Nn) Nile nubian sector of the Nile land,
(O) Oases of (Dl) & (Dn), (S) Southern mountainous Sinai, (R) Red Sea coastal plains, (Sa) Gebel
Elba district; (Uw) Gebel Uweinat area.
Note: According to Täckholm (1974:483-501), Scrophulariaceae is represented in Egypt by 18
genera and 59 species; among which Sutera glanulosa Roth (op. cit.:494) is treated here as
Jamesbrittania dissecta (Delile) Kuntze. Schweinfurthia aptera Vatke was reported by
Täckholm (op. cit.:499) as a very rare species in Gebel Elba district; based on collections
from Gebel Asotriba (from the Gebel Elba group) which is not an Egyptian territory. This
taxon is mainly known from C. and N.E. Africa (Sutton, 1988:141) and its occurrence in
Egypt is doubtful. Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel was reported by Täckholm (op. cit.:501)
as a very rare weed in the Nile Delta. No material was available for this revision.
1. Verbascum L., Sp. Pl.ed. 1:177 (1753).
A large genus of about 360 species widely distributed in Europe, North Africa, West,
Central and Temperate Asia.
Key to the species
1.a. Flowers ebracteolate ………………………………………………………………………... 2
b. Flowers bracteolate …………………………………………………………………………. 3
2.a. Flowers subsessile, pedicels up to 2.5 mm long,
indumentum of yellowish-white, branched hairs ………….. 6. V. schimperianum
b. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels 3-8 mm long, indumentum of
white stellate hairs ……………………………………………………… 5. V.
letourneuxii
3.a. Flowers arranged in racemose inflorescence ………………………………………… 4
b. Flowers arranged in axillary clusters on terminal flowering branches ……….. 5
4.a. Pedicels 5-10 mm long, subtended by bracteoles nearly on
the middle part of the pedicel, corolla 8 mm long ……………… 3. V.
eremobium
b. Pedicels 1-3 mm long, subtended by bracteoles nearly at
the base of the pedicel, corolla 10-12 mm long ……………... 4. V. fruticulosum
5.a. Upper leaves auriculate-decurent or not; flowers arranged in
compact axillary clusters on leafy flowering branches; cluster
consists of 3-7 flowers at each node ………………………………... 1. V.
sinaiticum
b. Upper leaves amplexicaul-decurent; flowers arranged in lax
axillary clusters; cluster consists of 2-3 flowers at each node …. 2. V. sinuatum
1.1 Verbascum sinaiticum Benth., in DC. Prodr 10:236(1846); Boiss., Fl.Orient.
4:318(1879); Täckh.,Stud.Fl.Egypt ed. 2:486(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.
Herb.Egypt 6 : 189 (1984); El Husseini & Zareh, in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: in deserto Sinaitico et in montis Sinai Humidis, Ehrenberg.
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
V. fasiculatum Ehrenb.ex Sweet,Hort.Brit.ed.2:381 (1830).
Distribution:
Confined in Egypt to the wadi beds of Ithmic Desert and mountainous Sinai. Known from
S.W.Asia, Arabian Peninsula and Tropical E. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Di) Desert entree Suez et Giza; 9.2.1833; Bové 77 (K)−(S) near the monastery of St.
Catherine; 10.5.1965; El Hadidi s.n. (CAI).
1.2. Verbascum sinuatum L., Sp. Pl.ed. 1:178(1753); Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:233 (1879);
Täckh., Stud. Fl.Egypt ed. 2:486 (1974).
Type: Monspelii, Florentiae, specimen no. 242/7 (LINN, microfiche !)
V. undulatum M.-Bieb.,Fl.Tour.Caucas. 1:161(1808), non Lam.
Distribution:
Outskirts of the Desert of Nile Delta, recorded once from Dakhla Oasis. Known from N.
Africa, eastwards to S.W.Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) Belbeis-Cairo road; 3.2.1880; Schweinfurth s.n. (CAI)−(O) Dakhla Oasis, Ezbet
Fatyma; 13.4.1928; Simpson 6026 (CAIM).
1.3. Verbascum eremobium Murb., Monogr. Verbascum, Lunds Univ. Arsskr. Avd.2, Bd.
29(2):458(1933).
a. var. subsinguliflorum Murb. ex Täckh. in Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 36:249(1942);
Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:486(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A. R. C. Herb. Egypt
6:188(1984).
Type: Sinai; Darb El Hagg at Sudur El Heitan; May 1939; Drar 693 (CAIM).
Distribution:
Confined to the wadi beds of Isthmic Desert, Sinai. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Di) Wadi Ein El Gedeirate; 6.4. 1939; Drar s. n. (CAIM), North of Qusaima from Eoga;
26.5. 1998; E. Shamso s. n. (CAI).
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
1.4. Verbascum fruticulosum Post, in Bull.Herb.Boissier 1(8):403 (1893); Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2.:485(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C. Herb. Egypt
6:188(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: Wadi en-Nar between Jerusalem and Mar saba; July 1892; Post 237 (BEI).
V. neglectum Defler & Sickenb., Mém.Inst.Egypt. 4,2:263(1901).
Type: Sinai, Wadi El Hagg; 1892; Deflers.
Distribution:
Confined to N. Sinai. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(M) 17 km E. of El Arish, on the road to Rafah; 18.4.1985; Gibali s.n. (CAI)−(Di)
Ain El Gedeirate, 12.4.1929; Shabetai z 151 (CAIM).
1.5. Verbascum letourneuxii Asch., in Asch. & Schweinf., Ill. Fl. Egypte 2:114,189
(1887) “tourneuxii”; Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed 2:485(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes
A.R.C.Herb Egypt 6:189(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: in apricis calcareo prop Qom Rakouni et Matronka; April (1879); Letoureux
325 (P).
V. spinosum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat .55, no 237 ,(1813), non L.
Distribution:
Common along the Mediterranean coastal land, southwards in the Isthmic and Libyan
Deserts. Known from Libya.
Selected specimens:
(M) The plateau of Sallum; 21.4.2973; Amin et al. (CAI); Matruh- Siwa road, 194 km N.
Siwa oasis; 3.5.1988; A.Fahmy 1071 (CAI)−(Di) : Ain Gadis, N. Sinai; 14.9.1928; Drar
s.n. (CAI & CAIM).
1.6. Verbascum schimperianum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1(2) 12:11(1853); Boiss.,
Fl. Orient. 4:341(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:486(1974); Abdallah et
al.,Notes A.R.C. Herb. Egypt 6:189(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia
12:65(1989).
Type: In Arabia petraea; 1835: Schimper s.n. (G ).
Distribution:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
Confined to the sand plains and rocky wadi beds of the Isthmic Desert and mountainous
southern Sinai. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Di) Ain El Gedeirate; 7.11.1926; Drar 413 (K)−(S) Wadi Isla; April 1940; Hassib s.n.
(CAI).
2. Celsia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1:621(1753).
A genus of about 60 species, distributed in the Mediterranean region, India, Ethiopia
and South Africa.
2.1 Celsia parviflora Decne., in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 2:254(1834); Fl. Orient.
4:354(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:486(1974).
Type: Desert du Sinai; 7.1832; Bové 70 (K).
Verbascum decaisneamum Kuntze, Revis.Gen. Pl. 2:468(1891); Feinbrun, Fl.
Palaest. 3:180, tab. 299(1978); El Hussieni & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Distribution:
Confined to the wadi beds of mountainous southern Sinai. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(S) Desert du Sinai; 7.1832; Bové 70 (K) Wadi El Arbaain, St. Catherine; 18.5.1988;
Kassas s.n. (CAI).
3. Anticharis Endl.,Gen.Pl.9:682(1839).
A genus of about 14 species, known mainly from Tropical and South Africa; some
species extending their distribution eastwards to Arabian Peninsula and western India.
Key to the species
1.a. Leaves sessile, linear to linear-elliptic ………………………………... 3. A. linearis
b. Leaves petiolate or attenuated into a petiole, ovate or elliptic …………………... 2
2.a. Sepals oblong; corolla up to 10 mm long; capsule beaked at
apex, twice as long as calyx ……………………………………………… 1. A. arabica
b. Sepals oblancoelate-elliptic, corolla 13-14 mm long capsule
acuminate at apex, equal or slightly longer than calyx ……… 2. A. glandulosa
3.1. Antichris arabica. Endl., in Endl. et Fenzl, Nov.Strip. Dec. 3:23(1839); Boiss., Fl.
Orient.4:422(1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:494(1974).
Type: Arabian Felix, Unio itineraria, 1837; Schimper 748 (G, Syntype)
Distribution:
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Confined to the rocky habitats of Gebel Elba district and southern reaches to the Arabian
Desert. Known from Nubia of the Sudan Republic, Ethiopia, southern Arabia, eastwards
to Afghanistan.
Selected specimens:
(Da) Little gully, Wadi El Allaqi; 27.1.1963; Täckholm et al. 137 (CAI)−(Sa) Wadi Aak,
Elba district; 27.1.1962; Täckholm et al. 809 & 810 (CAI).
3.2. Anticharis glandulosa Asch., Monatsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 880 (1866); Boiss.,
Fl. Orient. 4:423(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed.2:494(1974); El Hussieni &
Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: Aegyptus Superiore; Schweinfurth (B).
Distribution:
Recorded from the coastal mountains and plains of Gebel Elba district. Also known from
Pakistan, Arabian Peninsula, the Sudan Republic and Iran.
Selected specimens:
(Da) Wadi Eneb, between Koseir and Ras Banas; 1864; Schweinfurth 149 (K)−(R) Gebel
Samuki, Red Sea coast;6.2.1961; Täckholm et al. 314 & 235 (CAI)−(Sa) Gebel Elba
district, Wadi Haiteem; 27.1.1962; Täckholm et al. 767 (CAI).
3.3. Anticharis linearis (Benth.)Hochst.ex Asch., Monatsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin
882(1866); Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4:423(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:494(1974);
Hepper & Friis, Pl. Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 227(1994).
Doratanthera linearis Benth., in DC.Prodr. 10:347(1846).
Type: in Senegambia; Leprieur
Antirrhinum linearia sensu Forssk., LXVIII no 300, non L.
Type: Cairo garden; 1762; Forsskal 950 (C)
Distribution:
Rare in wadi beds of Gebel Elba district and southern coastal plain of the Red Sea .
Known from the Sudan Republic, Iran and Pakistan.
Selected specimens:
(R) Gebel Hamata, Red Sea coast; 7.2.1961; Täckholm et al. 326(CAI)−(Sa) Gebel Elba
district, wadi Haiteem; 27.1. 1961; Täckholm et al. 757 (CAI).
4. Lindenbergia Lehm.,Sem.Hort.Bot.Hamburg. 8(1829).
A genus of about 12 species distributed in N.E.Africa, Arabian Peninsula and E. Asia.
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
4.1. Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke, in Oesterr.Bot.Z. 25:10(1875)
Dodartia indica L.,Sp.Pl.ed.1:633(1753)
Type: India Orientalis, specimen no. 800/3 ( LINN, microfiche !)
Bovea sinaica Decne., in Ann.Sci.Nat.Bot. ser.2,2:253(1834).
Lindenbergia sinaica (Decne.) Benth.,Scroph. Ind. 22(1835); Boiss., Fl. Orient.
4:425(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed.2:494(1974).
Type: Egypte; Sinai desert, vi.1832; Bové 64 ( P, microfiche !).
Lindenbergia abyssinaica Hochst. Ex Benth., in DC.Prodr.10:377 (1846); Täckh.,
Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:494(1974).
Lindenbergia sinaica Decne. var. abyssinaica (hochst. Ex Benth.). Almagia, in
Ann.Ist. Roma,8(2):140(1904).
Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 782 (G, Lectotype; microfiche !)
Distribution:
Common in the wadis and the coastal plains of Eastern Desert, Gebel Elba district and
mountainous southern Sinai. Known from the Sudan Republic, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia,
Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Yemen, Oman, Pakistan and India.
Selected specimens:
(Dg) Wadi Ataqa, S. of Suez; 8.3.1954; El Hadidi s.n. (CAI)−(S) Sinai, wadi Isla
16.4.1937; Shabetai z 4188 (K & CAIM); Dahab, Sharm El Shiekh; Nov. 1998; E.Shamso
s.n. (CAI)−(R) Red Sea coast, Khor Gebel El Faraiyed; 12.2.1961; Täckholm et al. 924 &
975 (CAI)−(Sa) Gebel Elba district, Gebel Shandodai; 10.2.1962; Täckholm et al. 1979
(CAI).
5. Bacopa Aubl. Hist.Pl.Guiane 128,t.48 (1775)
A genus of about 100 species in tropical and subtropical region.
5.1. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, in Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philad. 98:94(1946); Täckh.,
Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:496(1974); Hepper & Friis, Pl.Forssk.Fl.Aegypt.Arab. 227
(1994).
Type: South America, Hallman.
Lysimachia monnieri L., Cent.Pl. 2:9(1756).
Gratiola monnieri (L.) L., Syst.Nat.ed.10:851(1759).
Limosella calycina Forssk., Fl.Aegypt.-Arab. 112(1775).
Type: Yemem; ad Uadi Zebid., Forsskal
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Distribution:
Weed in moist places and along canal banks of the Nile Delta and its outskirts in the
Isthmic Desert. Known from the Tropics of both hemispheres.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) 20 kn N. of Tanta; 21.9.1993; El Garf s.n. (CAI);El Gheita, Markaz Bilbeis, near the
road to Ismailia; 10.9.1966; Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI)−(Di) Suez, El Arbaain; 25.7.1936;
Shabetai z 6039 (CAIM).
6. Peplidium Delile, Descr.Egypte, Hist.Nat.2:149 (1813)
A genus of two species (Muschler 1912, p.874) of which one is widely distributed
over the warmer parts of Asia and Africa.
6.1. Peplidium humifusum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2:148, pl.4, fig.2 (1813);
Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4:427(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed.2:496 (1974).
Type: Les champs humides de Damiette, Delile.
Hedyotis maritima L.f., Suppl. Pl. 119 (1781).
Type: India Orientalis, K.Koenig.
Distribution:
Weed in moist places and along canal banks of the Nile Delta and its outskirts in the
Isthmic Desert .
Known from the Tropics and subtropics of the Old World.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) 20 km N. Tanta; 21.9.1993; El Garf s.n.(CAI)−(Di) El Qantara El Gharbiya, Ismailia;
20.8.1981; A. Amer 285(CAI).
7. Limosella L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1:631(1753).
A cosmopolitan genus of 15 species.
7.1. Limosella aquatica L., Sp. Pl. ed.1:631(1753); Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4:428(1879);
Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:496(1974).
Type: in Europae septentrionalis inundatis, specimen no. 7941/1 (LINN,
microfiche!)
Distribution:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
Rare weed along irrigation canals of the Nile Delta. Widespread in Temperate Europe and
Asia eastwards to Japan, Temperate N. America and N. Africa.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) Zawiyet El Aryan, near Giza; 9.2.1923; Simpson 1793(CAIM).
8. Lindernia All. Melanges Philos.Math.Soc.Roy.Turin (Misc.Taur.) 3(1):
178(1766).
A genus of about 80 species in the Tropics and Subtropics of the Old World.
8.1 Linderina parviflora (Roxb.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa. 4:635(1922); Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:500 (1974)
Gratiola parviflora Roxb., Pl.Coromand. 3:3, t.203(1819).
Type: In India Orientali frequens a Peninsula, Wight 2200 (CAL)
Distribution:
Recorded once along the Nile banks north of Aswan. Also known from Tropics of the Old
World.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) Nile bank near Gebel Silsila, Kom Ombo; 11.2. 1964; Täckholm et al. 93 (CAI).
9. Jamesbrittania Kuntze, Revis.Gen.Pl. 2:466 (1891).
A monotypic genus, in the Tropics of the Old World and Australia.
9.1. Jemesbrittania dissecta (Delile) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.Pl. 2:466(1891).
Capraria dissecta Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.2:239, pl. 32, fig.3(1813).
Type: Les champs marecageux, ensemences, a deux lieues de Belbeys, le 15.2.1801;
Delile.
Sutura dissecta Walp.,Repert.Bot.Syst. 3(2):271(1844).
S. glandulosa Roth, Nov.Pl.Sp. 291(1821); Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:422 (1879); Täckh.,
Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:494(1974).
Distribution:
Banks of the Nile at Aswan area. Known from N. & C. Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, India
and Australia.
Selected specimens:
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
(Nn) Kom Ombo, G. Silsila, at the Nile; 11.2.1964; Täckhlom et al. s.n. (CAI); Aswan
Dam; 29.9.1926; Drar 4229 (CAIM).
10. Anarrhinum Desf. Fl.Atl.2:51 (1798), Nom.Cons.
Simbuleta Forssk.,Fl.Aegypt.-Arab. 115(1775).
A genus of about 12 species in S.& W. Europe, N. Africa and S.W. Asia.
10.1. Anarrhinum forsskaohlii (J.F.Gmel.) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles 33
(4Suppl.):891(1963).
Key to the subspecies
a. Plant glandular pilose; basal leaves spathulate with 3-5(-8)
teeth at upper half of the leaf, upper leaves linear-
oblanceolate, with entire margin, sometimes trisect …………..… subsp. forskaohlii
b. Plant subglabrous to glandular pubescent; all leaves
oblancoelate to oblancoelate- linear, with entire margin .……. subsp. pubescens
** a. subsp. forsskaohlii
Hepper & Friis, Pl.Forssk.Fl.Aegypt.-Arab.227(1994). Simbuleta forsskaohlii
J.F.Gmel., Syst.Nat. 2:242(1791).
Type: Yemen, in monte Kurma tantum, 1763, Forsskal s.n.( C ).
Distribution:
Confined to mountainous southern Sinai. Known from N.E. Africa, E. Mediterranean and
S.W.Asia.
Selected specimens:
(S) Wadi El Arbaain, April 1940; Hassib s.n. (CAI); Stepway on Gebel Musa; 22.4.1961;
Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI).
b. subsp. pubescens (Fresen.) D.A. Sutton, Rev.Tribe Antirr.258 (1988).
A. pubescens Fresen., Beitr. Fl. Aegypt. 1(1):89(1834); Boiss., Fl. Orient.
4:363(1879); Täckh., Stud.,Fl.Egypt ed.2:486(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.
Herb. Egypt 6:185(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:66(1989).
Type: In monte Sinai, 1832; Bové 71 & 74 ( P, syntype ).
Simbulata pubescens Wettst., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 60(1895).
Distribution:
Endemic to mountainous southern Sinai.
Selected specimens:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
(S) Entre le debis granatique, Montis Sinai; Juin 1832; Bové 71 (K) Ras Safsafa near the
entrance of Wadi El Arbaain; 23.4.1961; Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI).
11. Misopates Raf.,Autik.Bot. 158(1840)
A genus which comprises about 7 species in Europe, N. Africa, W. Atlantic Islands,
S.W. & S.C. Asia.
Note: According to Täckholm (1974:491, 493) Misopates orontium (= Antirrhinum orontium) is
represented in Egypt by var. orontium which is a common weed of the farmland, and var.
abyssinium Hochst.ex A. Rich. which is a very rare species in Gebel Elba district. The
differences in leaf size and the number of flowers/inflorescence are not justifying their
treatment as distinct varieties.
11.1. Misopates orontium (L.) Raf.,Autik.Bot. 158(1840); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.
Herb. Egypt 6:186(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckhlmia 12:66(1989).
Antirrhinum orontium L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1:617(1753); Boiss.,Fl.Orient. 4:385(1879);
Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:491(1974).
Type: In Europae agris et arvis, Specimen no.767/61(LINN, microfiche !).
Distribution:
Weed in fields, roasides and waste places, also in sand plains, wadi beds and rocky slopes
of the desert. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(M) El Maqtala, between M. Matruh & Sidi Barani; 22.4.1973; A. Amin et al. s.n. (CAI);
Rafah, near station; 22/3/1928; G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI)−(Di) Ismailia, as weed in a park
along the canal; 18.3.1927; G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI)−(Dg) Wadi Amloug, 60 km south of
Suez; 26.2.1964; Kassas s.n. (CAI)−(Nv) Along the road to Bilbais; 27.3.1968;
V.Täckholm s.n. (CAI)−(O) Kharga Oasis, near Hibis Temple; 7.2.1952; Täckholm &
Kassas 21 (CAI)−(S) Wadi Isla; April 1940; Hassib s.n. (CAI)−(R) Gebel Hamata, Red
Sea coast; 7.2.1961; Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI)−(Sa) Gebel Elba district, G. Shandodai;
10.2.1962; V. Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI).
12. Kickxia Dumort., Fl. Belg. 35(1827)
A genus of about 46 species distributed in Mediterranean N. Africa, Tropical Africa,
also in Europe and S.W. Asia and India ( Sutton, 1988).
Note: According to Täckholm (1974:490-91), Kickxia is the largest genus of Scrophulariaceae in
Egypt, being represented by 12 species. Among these, Kickxia spartioides (Brouss. ex
Buch.) Janch. and K. heterophylla (Shousb.) Dandy are treated here as K. pseudoscoparia
V.W. Smith & D.A. Sutton and K. gracilis (Benth.) D.A. Sutton respectively.
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
The careful examination of the available material belonging to Kickxia elatine (L.)
Dumort. and K. spuria (L.) Dumort. showed their great similarity (cf. Täckholm, op.
cit.:491); the latter is treated here as subsp. elatine.
Another three species, viz. Kickxia acerbiana (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, K.
scariosepala Täckh. & Boulos and K. kneukeri (Bornm.) Täckh. & Boulos, are habitually
similar and are recorded from the Galala Desert and Sinai. The latter two taxa are regarded
here as conspecific to Kickxia acerbiana.
Key to the species
1.a. Flowers crowded, arranged along densely leafy branches in
spike-like racemes ………………………………………………………... 2. K floribunda
b. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, arranged in lax raceme-like inflorescence ….… 2
2.a. Climbing or prostrate herb, upper part of stem slender, scandant,
pedicels mostly twining …………………………………………………….. 7. K. gracilis
b. Erect to ascending or procumbent herbs or subshrubs, upper part of stem
rather stout, not scandant; pedicels not twining ……………………………………..
3
3.a. Stem glabrous , or sparsely hairy at lower part ……………………………………… 4
b. Stems hairy all over ………………………………………………………….. 6
4.a. Pedicels 20-30 mm long; capsule globose ……………………………. 9. K. hastata
b. Pedicels up to 10 mm long; capsule ovoid or oblong-ovoid ……… 5
5.a. Capsule ovoid, 2-2.3 mm long, stalk 2-3 mm long ……….. 8. K.
pseudoscoparia
b. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 4.4-5 mm long, stalk 8-10 mm long …... 6. K. macilenta
6.a. Anthers hairy at the lower part of lobes; 6-15 seeds per capsule ………..………… 7
b. Anthers glabrous; seeds more than 15 per capsule …………………………………. 8
7.a. Stem filiform, not viscid; spur ± straight, 3.5-6 mm long
…………..
1. K. elatine
b. Stem stiff, spinescent at late stages; spur curved, 8-9 mm
long . ………………………………………………………………………. 3. K. aegyptiaca
8.a. Sepals lanceolate, 4-4.5 x 1 mm, with broad scarious margin;
corolla 8-11 mm long (not including the spur) ……………………. 4. K. acerbiana
b. Sepals lanceolate-linear, 3-4 x 0.7- 0.8 mm, with narrow scarious
margin; corolla 5-5.5mm long (not including the spur ……………… 5. K. nubica
12.1 Kickxia elatine ( L.) Dumort., Fl.Belg. 35 (1827).
Key to subspecies
a. Stems ± slender and week, less branched above, sparsely
villous; leaves with obtuse to subacute apex; pedicels (13- ) 15-
22 mm long ……………………..………………..………………..
……………………..
subsp. elatine
b. Stems relatively stout, much branched above, densely villous;
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
leaves with acute to mucronate apex; pedicels 5-15 mm long …… subsp. crinita
a. subsp. elatine.
Antirrhinum elatine L.,Sp.Pl.ed.1:612(1753).
Type: in Germaniae, Anglliae, Specimens no. 677/2 (LINN, micro- fiche !)
Linaria elatine (L.) Mill.,Gard.Dict.Abr.ed. 8,no 16 (1768); Boiss., Fl.Orient.
4:367(1879); Muschl., Man. Fl.Egypt 2:864(1912).
K. spuria (L.) Dumort. sensu Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt. ed. 2:491(1974).
Distribution:
Weed in moist places of the Nile Delta and Oases. Known from W.& C. Europe to parts
of S.E. Europe, widely introduced and naturalized elsewhere in temperate regions.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) Am Grabenrandern im Palmenhaine von Marg, Nordwarts Kairo; 14.1.1908;
Hartmann s.n. (CAI)−(O) Bahariya Oasis, El Heiz, Ain El Aza; 13.9.1971; Imam et al. s.n.
(CAI) Kharga Oasis, close to Hibis Temple; 13.8.1967; El Hadidi s.n. (CAI).
b. subsp. crinita (Mabille) Greuter, in Boissiera 13:108(1967); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed.
2:491(1974)
Linaria crinata Mabille, Rech.Pl.Corse.fasc.1:30(1867).
Type: Corsica; Furiani,Pres de Bastia; 8.vii.1866; Mabille 161 ( BM, isotype).
Linaria elatine (L.)Dumort. var. villosa Boiss., Fl.Orient.4:367(1879); Asch.&
Schweinf., Ill.Fl.Egypte 2:115(1887); Muschl.,Man.Fl.Egypt 2:864(1912).
Distribution:
Weed in moist places of the Nile Delta, Oases and the Mediterranean coastal land. Known
from S.E. Europe, N. Africa, S.W. Asia, widely naturalized in temperate regions.
Selected specimens:
(M) Ikingi Maruit; 22.1.1928; G.Täckholm s.n. (CAI)−(Nv) El Marg; 11.5.1922; Simpson
1542 (CAIM)−(O) Dakhla Oasis, Zineyda; 12.4.1928; Simpson 6000 (CAIM).
12.2. Kickxia floribunda (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:491(1974);
Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.Herb. Egypt 6:185(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in
Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Linaria floribunda Boiss., Diag.Pl.Orient. ser.1(2),12:40(1853); Boiss., Fl.Orient.
4:365(1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.1:126(1956).
Type: Palaestine. Pays du Amalcitis; iv.v.1846; Boissier s.n. (G,Boiss. syntype,
BM, photo.).
Distribution:
Weed in fields and waste places of E. Mediterranean region, Isthmic Desert and Red Sea
coast. Known from S. W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(M) Wadi El Arish; 26.12.1923; Simpson 2260 (K)−(Di) Wadi El Maghara; 23.4.1959;
Boulos s.n. (CAI)−(R) Wadi Aber, Gebel Ataqa, S. Suez; 8.3.1954; Boulos s.n. (CAI).
12.3. Kickxia aegyptiaca (L.) Nabelek, in Publ.Fac.Sci.Univ.Masaryk 70(3):31(1926);
Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:490(1974); Abdallah et al., A.R.C. Herb. Egypt
6:185(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckhlmia 12:65(1989); Hepper & Friis,
Pl.Forssk.Fl.Aegypt.-Arab.228(1994).
Antirrhinum aegyptiacum L.,Sp.Pl.ed.1:613(1753).
Type: Aegyptus, Specimens no.767/ 7& 8 ( LINN, microfiche ! )
Linaria aegyptiaca (L.)Dum.-Cours., Bot.Cult. 2:92(1802; Boiss., Fl.Orient.
4:369(1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.1:126(1956).
Type: in desertis Egypti mediae, Delile.
Didtribution:
In sand plains, wadi beds of the northern and eastern deserts, Sinai, the Mediterranean
coastal lands and the Oases. Known from N. Africa, E. Mediterranean and Arabian
Peninsula.
Selected specimens:
(M) Plateau of Sallum; 21.4.1973; A.Amin et al. s.n. (CAI); Burg El Arab; 8.4.1955; El
Hadidi s.n. (CAI)−(Di) El Qattamiya,Suez road; 27.3.1989; El Garf s.n.(CAI)−(Dg) Wadi
Digla; 15.4.1979; Atta et al. 113 (CAIM)−(Dl) Ad Pyramids Gises; 29.3. 1835 Wiest 533
(K)−(Da) Wadi Qasa, E. Girga; 6.3.1981; Boulos 1466 (CAIM)−(S) Sinai, wadi Saal;
3.6.1984; Shabana s.n. (CAI)−(R) Wadi Araba; 28.4.1995; E. Shamso s.n. (CAI).
12.4. Kickxia acerbiana ( Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:491(1974); El
Hussieni & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65 (1989).
Linaria acerbiana Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:366(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt
ed.1:126(1956).
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
Type: in deserto Egypti ad mar Rubrum, Acerbi s.n. ( B, syntype ).
Linaria kneuckeri Bornm., Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 15:130(1909); Muschl., Man, Fl.
Egypt ,2:865(1912)
Kickxia kneuckeri (Bornm.)Täckh. & Boulos sensu Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed.
2:491(1974).
Kickxia scariosepala Täckh. & Boulos sensu Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed.
2:491(1974).
Type: Sinai, In mountains of Feiran Oasis; 13.3.1956; Täckholm 187 (CAI,
holotype !)
Distribution:
Common in the Eastern Desert, mountainous southern Sinai, coastal plains along the Red
Sea and Gebel Elba district. Known from N. Africa and S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Di) Cairo-Suez road; Jan. 1957; Imam s.n.(CAI)−(Dg) Wadi Qisseib; 9.2.1956; A.Amin
s.n. (CAI)−(Da): Wadi Allaqi; 7.4.1963; Abdallah 1425 (CAIM)−(S) In the mountains of
Feiran Oasis; 13.3.1956; Täckhlom 187 (CAI)−(R) Between Quseir and Ras Banas; 1867;
Schweinfurth 231 (K)−(Sa) Wadi Oalak, 27.1.1962; V. Täckholm et al. 718 (CAI).
12.5. Kickxia nubica (Skan) Dandy in F.W.Andrews, Fl.Pl.Sudan 3:137(1956); Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:491(1974).
Linaria nubica Skan, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 4,(2/2):290 (1906); Täckh., Stud. Fl.
Egypt ed. 1:126 (1956).
Type: Sudan, Nubia about 21 lat., (near Muhammad Qal),0-4000 ft,1896 Bent s.n.
(K).
Distribution:
Rare herb in wadis of the Eastern Desert and Gebel Elba district. Known from the Sudan
Republic to Tropical Africa.
Selected specimens:
(Dg) Wadi Digla; 25.3.1985; M. Shadad s.n. (CAI)−(Sa) Gebel Hamara Dom; 6.3.1967;
Osborn & Helmy s.n. (CAI).
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
12.6. Kickxia macilenta (Decne) Danin, in Notes R.B.G.Edinb. 32(2):265 (1973); Täckh.,
Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:490(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C. Herb. Egypt 6:185
(1984 ); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Linaria macilenta Decne., in Ann.Sci.Nat.Bot. ser.2,2:252(1834); Boiss.,Fl.Orient.
4:379(1879).
Type: Le desert du Sinai, 1832, Bové 75. ( P, holotype, G & K, isotypes).
Distribution:
Confined to wadi beds of mountainous, southern Sinai and Isthmic Desert. Known from
Palestine and Jordan.
Selected specimens:
(S) Desert du Sinai; Juin 1832; Bové 74 & 75 (K); Near Monastery of St. Catherine;
10.5.1956; Hadidi s.n. (CAI).
** 12.7. Kickxia gracilis (Benth.) D.A. Sutton, Rev.Tribe Antirr. 222 (1988).
Linaria gracilis R.Br. ex Benth., in DC. Prodr. 10:269(1846), non (Pers.) Lam. &
DC. (1806) nec. Auct.
Type: Ethiopia; “Abyssinia” Salt s.n. (BM).
K. heterophylla (Bornm.) Täckh. & Boulos, sensu Täckh. Stud. Fl. Egypt. ed.
2:490(1974).
Distribution:
Common in wadi beds of Gebel Elba district and mountainous southern Sinai. Knwon
from N.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Da) Gebel Hadarba; 1925-26; Murray 3823 (K)−(S) Sinai, Mountainous region; April
1940; Hassib s.n. (CAI)−(Sa) Wadi Serimatai; 23.1.1962 & 9.2.1962; V. Täckholm et al.
360 & 1934 (CAI); Wadi Rabdeit; 21.1.1933; Shabetai f 1702 (K).
** 12.8. Kickxia pseudoscoparia V.W.Smith & D.A.Sutton, Rev. Tribe Antirr. 231(1988).
Type: Saudi Arabia, Asir, Taif, 30.v.1971; Popov 71/160 (BM).
K. spartioides (Brouss. ex Buch.) Janch. sensu Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt., ed.
2:490(1974).
Distribution:
Rare in wadis of Gebel Elba district and Isthmic Desert. Known mainly from the
mountains of western Saudi Arabia.
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
Selected specimens:
(Di) Ras El Naqb, N.E. Sinai; 13.5.1939; Drar s.n. (CAIM)−(Sa) Wadi Mera Kwan,;
10.2.1962; V. Täckholm et al. 2000 (CAI).
12.9. Kickxia hastata (R.Br. ex Benth.) Dandy, in F.W.Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan
3:137(1956); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:490(1974).
Linaria hastata R.Br. ex Benth., in DC. Prodr. 10:269(1846); Täckh., Stud. Fl.
Egypt ed.1:126(1956).
Type: Ethiopia “Abyssinia” sin Ioco, Schimper 1042 (G).
Distribution:
Confined to wadi beds of Gebel Elba district. Known from N.E. Africa and Arabian
Peninsula.
Selected specimens:
(Sa) Wadi Ideib; 15.1.1933; Hassib s.n. (CAI); Wadi Ehmit; 30.1.1933; Shabetai f.1626
(K).
13. Linaria Mill., Gard.Dist.Abr.ed.4:2(1754)
A genus of about 150 species distributed in Europe except for extreme north, Asia
except for southeast and extreme north, N. Africa; frequently introduced and
naturalized elsewhere in temperate regions.
Note: According to Täckholm (1974:487-88), Linaria was represented in Egypt by seven species.
The careful examination of the mature seeds of the available specimens named Linaria
micrantha proved that they belong to L. simplex (Willd.) DC. The seeds of the first are flat
with membranous wings, while those of Linaria simplex are plane with winged margins. On
the otherhand, Sickenberger (1901:264) reported Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill. from the
Mediterranean coastal land without certainity. No specimens of this species were traced.
Key to the species
1.a. Seeds compressed discoid, margin with encircling broad wing ….. 4. L. simplex
b. Seeds reniform, margin wingless ……..………………..……………………………….. 2
2.a. Corolla 8- 11 mm long (including the spur), spur 2.5 - 3.5 mm long ……..….. 3
b. Corolla 12 -18 mm long ( including the spur), spur longer, 6 -9 (-15) mm
long. ……..………………..………………..………………..………………..………………… 4
3.a. Fertile branches with filifrom leaves ,1 -2 mm broad, flowers in +
lax terminal racemes ……..………………..………………..…………………. 5. L. tenuis
b. Fertile branches with oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 3 - 6
mm broad, flowers in congested terminal racemes ……..………… 3. L. albifrons
4.a. Sepals oblong-linear, 3.5-4x0.5 mm, with green margins, leaves
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
with entire margin and acuminate apex ……..……………………….. 2. L.joppensis
b. Sepals oblancoelate-oblong, 4.6x1.2 mm, with narrow, scarious
margins; leaves with revolute margin and acute apex ……..………. 1. L. haelava
13.1. Linaria haelava (Forssk.) F.Dietr., Nachtr.Vollst. Lexic. Gartn. 4:400(1818);
Boiss.,Fl.Orient. 4:381(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt, ed. 2:488(1974); Abdallah
et al., Notes A.R.C.Herb. Egypt 6:186(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia
12:66(1989); Hepper & Friis, Pl. Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 228(1994).
Antirrhinum haelava Forssk., Fl.Egypt.-Arab. 111(1775).
Type: In desertis Kahirinis, 1762; Forsskal 397 (C).
Distribution:
Mediterranean coastal land; wadis of Libyan, Isthmic and Galala Deserts and mountainous
southern Sinai. Known from N. Africa, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.
Selected specimens:
(M) Matruh-Sallum; 3.4.1969; Abbas et al. 2464 (CAIM); El Hamam, Maruit; 27.2.1929;
Shabetai z 1198 (CAIM); Alexandria, Mex; 23.1.1928; G.Täckholm s.n.(CAI); Rafah;
10.3.1921; El Hefnawy s.n.(CAIM)−(Di) Wadi Ain El Gederate; 14.3.1930 & 6.4.1939;
Drar s.n.(CAIM); Mitla pass; 7.4.1990; El Garf s.n. (CAI)−(Dg) Wadi Liblab; 1.3.1952;
A.Amin et al. s.n. (CAI); Bei Kairo - Helwan; 15.3.1904; Keller 324 (K)−(Dl) Near Giza
Pyramids; 20.3.1931; Shabetai 195 (K).
13.2. Linaria joppensis Bornm., in Verh.Zool.-Bot. Gen.Wein 48(9):612(1898); Täckh.,
Stud., Fl.Egypt ed.2:488(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C. Egypt 6:187(1984);
El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:66(1989).
Type: Palestine, Bei Wadachnin zwischen Asdodo (Ashdod) und Jaffa; 9.iv.1898;
Bornmüller 1207 (WRSL).
Distribution:
Restricted to the Sinaitic sector of the Mediterranean coastal land. Known from E.
Mediterranean countries.
Selected specimens:
(M) Rafah; 4.6.1945; Davis 10419 (K); Rafah, El Malaha; 9.4.1956; Khattab 55 (CAIM).
13.3. Linaria albifrons (Sm.) Spreng., Syst.Veg. 2:793(1825); Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 382
(1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:488(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.Herb
Egypt 6:186(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:66(1989).
Antirrhinum albifrons Sm. In Sibth. et Sm., Fl.Graec.Prodr. 1(2):432(1809).
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
Type: In insula Rhodo (Rhodes) (OXF).
Distribution:
Sandy plains of the Mediterranean coastal land. Known from S.W. Asia, westwards in N.
Africa.
Selected specimens:
(M) Messaod, Sallum; 14.4.1934; Shabetai z 3212 (CAIM); Ras El Hekma; 22.3.1974; V.
Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI); Alexandria, Ramleh; 21.1.1928; G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI);
Rafah, near the station; 22.3.1928; G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI).
13.4. Linaria simplex Desf., Tabl. Ecole.Bot.ed.1:65(1804); Täckh., Stud. Fl.Egypt
ed.2:488(1974); Abdallah et al. Notes A.R.C. Herb.Egypt 6:187(1984); El
Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: In Europa autralis, Burser 12/28 (UPS).
Antirrhinum simplex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(1):243(1800), non Link.
Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC., in Lam.& DC., Fl. Franc. ed.3,3:588 (1805);
nom.illeg.
L. parviflora (Jacq.) Halacsy, Consp.Fl.Graec. 2(2):413(1902); Täckh., Stud. Fl.
Egypt ed1:125(1956).
Distribution:
Confined to mountainous southern Sinai. Known from S. Europe, N. Africa and S.W.
Asia.
Selected specimens:
(S) Sil Umm Gassab; 4.2.1928; Kaiser s.n. (CAIM); St. Catherine monastery; 1.4.1967;
Chertek & Kosinová s.n. (CAI).
13.5. Linaria tenuis (Viv.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2:759(1825); Täckh., Stud. Fl.Egypt ed.
2:488(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C. Herb.Egypt 6:186(1984); El Husseini
& Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:66(1989).
Antirrhinum tenue Viv.,Fl.Libyc.Prodr.33,tab.16;f.5&6(1824).
Type: Libya, in tumulis arenosis Magnae Syrteose Viviani s.n. ( Fl ).
Linaria ascalonica Boiss. et Kotschy., in Boiss., Diagn Pl. Oreint. ser.2
(3),3:165(1856); Boiss., Fl.Oreint. 4:382(1879); Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 2:
867(1912).
Type: ad Ascalon Palaestinae, Kotschy.
Distribution:
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Confined to the Mediterranean coastal land of Sinai; southwards to Isthmic Desert.
Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(M) El-Arish, 20.3.1928; G.Täckholm s.n. (CAI); Rafah; 20.4.1930; Shabetai 196 & z
3888 (CAIM & K)−(Di) A branch of Wadi El Maghara, N. Sinai; 22.4.1959); Boulos s.n.
(CAI).
14. Scrophularia L.,Sp.Pl.ed.1:619(1753).
A genus of about 300 species, mainly in the Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean
regions as well as Tropical America.
Note: Scrophularia is represented in Egypt by six species (Täckholm 1974:393), among which S.
xanthoglossa is a polymorphic species represented by two varieties. The revision of the
specimens belonging to this species led to the discovery of S. sinaica as a new record to the
flora of Egypt.
Key to the species
1.a. Annual herb, ovary conical or pyriform, 2-3 x-2 mm ……..………... 1. S. arguta
b. Perennial herbs or undershrubs, ovary ovoid, 1-2x0.8-2 mm ……..……..………. 2
2.a. Leaves undivided, margin dentate or entire ……..……….……..……..……..………. 3
b. Leaves deeply pinnatifid to pinnatisect ……..……….……..……….……..………….. 4
3.a. Leaves petiolate, ovate with dentate or incised margin, petiole
5-20 mm long; staminoid spathulate to broadly ovate ………….. 6 . S. libanotica
b. Leaves sessile, oblong to spathulate, with entire margin,
taminoid linear to oblong ……..……….……..……….……..………. 5. S. hypericifolia
4.a. Leaf lobes obtuse, with white cartilagenous margin ……..…………. 2. S. deserti
b. Leaflobes acute to subacute, with green margin ……..……….……..……………. 5
5.a. Corolla 3-4.5 mm long, staminoid yellow orbicular, 1 - 1.2 x1.5-
2 mm ……..……….……..……….……..……….……..……….……..………. 3. S. sinaica
b. Corolla 5-6 mm long, staminoid absent or rudiment ……..………….. 4. S. canina
14.1. Scrophularia arguta Sol., in Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed.1,2:34(1789); Boiss., Fl.Orient.
4:395(1879); Täckh., Stud. Fl.Egypt ed.2:493 (1974).
Type: Oman, in regio Mascate Arabiae secus torrentes, Aucher 5057.
S. rostrata Hochst., in Schimp. Ex Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4: 395 (1879) pro.syn.
Distribution:
Rocky slopes of southern Red Sea mountains and Gebel Elba district. Known from S.
Europe, N. Africa, Canary Island and Arabian Peninsula.
Selected specimens:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
(R) Gebel Hamata, Red Sea coast; 7.2.1961; V. Tackholm et al. 442 (CAI)−(Sa) Wadi
Aideib; 1.2.1933; Shabetai z 2744 (CAIM).
14.2 Scrophularia deserti Delile, Descr.Egypte, Hist.Nat. 2:240, pl.33, fig.1 (1813);
Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:382 (1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:493 (1974); El Husseini
& Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: Egypte, Vallee de L’Egarement, le 26 Janvier 1800; Delile (P).
S. marginata Boiss., Diag. Pl. Orient. Ser.1,1(4):72(1844).
Distribution:
Desert plains and wadi beds of Galala and Isthmic Deserts, mountainous southern Sinai
and W. Mediterranean coastal land. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(M) Rosetta; 29.4.1927; G.Tackholm s.n. (CAI)−(Di) Ras El Naqb, Gulf; 13.5.1939; Drar
835 (CAIM)−(Dg) Suez, G. Ataqa; 14.8.1932; Shabetai z 5327 (CAIM)−(S) Sinai, Aucher-
Eloy 1769 (K).
** 14.3. Scrophularia sinaica Benth.,in DC.Prodr. 10:314(1846).
Key to the varieties
a. Cymes short peduncled, up to 25 mm long, with 3-5 (-7) flowers
each ……..…………..……..…………..……..…………..……..…………..…….. var. sinaica
b. Cymes long peduncled,40-70 mm long, with 9-13 flowers
each ……..…………..……..…………..……..…………..……..……………. var. ampliantha
** a. var. sinaica.
Type : in deserto Sinaicao, Schimper 320 (G , microfche !).
S. Xanthoglossa Boiss., Diag.Pl.Orient. ser.1(2) 12:38 (1853); sensu Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:493 (1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.Herb. Egypt 6:188
(1984); El. Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:56(1989).
Type: Jerusalem, April 1846; Boissier.
Distribution:
Wadi beds and rocky slopes of Isthmic and Galala Deserts, as well as mountainous
southern Sinai. Knwon from Pakestine, Syria, Libanon, Iraq and Iran.
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
Selected specimens:
(Di) Wadi Heridin, S. El Arish; 5.4.1939; Drar s.n. (CAIM)−(Dg) Wadi Abar; Gebel
Ataqa; 30.4.1939; Drar 41 (CAIM)−(S) Gebel Deir, near the monastery of St. Catherine,
Sinai; 9.5.1956; K. Täckholm s.n.(CAI).
** b. var. ampliantha (Eig ) E. Shamso stat. nov.
S. xanthoglossa Benth. var. ampliantha Eig, Palest. J.Bot.Jerus. 3:87(1944);
Feinbrun, Fl.Palaest.3:198(1978).
Type: Palestine, between Rishon-le-Tsion and Nahlath-Yehuda; 25.3.1925; Eig.
Distribution:
Rocky slopes of wadi beds of Galala Desert and mountainous southern Sinai. Known from
E. Mediterranean subregion.
Selected specimens:
(Dg) Wadi Hof; 8.3.1974; Hadidi et al. s.n. (CAI)−(S) On the stepway to Gebel Musa ,
Sinai; 11.5.1956; V. Täckholm s.n. (CAI).
14.4. Scrophularia canina L., Sp.Pl. ed.1:621(1753); Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:419 (1879);
Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:439 (1974).
Type: Helvetia, Narbona, Italia, Specimen no. 773/16 (LINN, microfiche !).
S. pinnata Mill., Gard.Dict. ed.8, no.15 (1768).
Distribution:
Sallum plateau of the W. Mediterranean coastal land. Known from Europe, S. Russia,
N.W. Africa and eastwards to S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(M) Sallum, Wadi El Ramla; 14.4.1934; Shabetai z 3052 (CAIM).
14.5. Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler,Mem.Soc.Phys.Hist.Nat. Geneve 4:166(1828);
Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:421 (1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:493 (1974); El Husseini
& Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: Mesopotamia, inter Aleppo et Begdad, Oliver.
S. syriaca Benth., in DC. Prodr. 10:316 (1846).
Distribution:
Sandy depressions of northern Sinai. Known from S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
(M) Rafa; 8.4.1956; Khattab 78 (CAIM)−(Di) El Manayif, Ismailia; 28.6.1924; Simpson
2864 (K & CAIM).
14.6. Scrophularia libanotica Boiss., Diagn.Pl.Orient. ser.1(2) 12:36 (1853); Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:493(1974); Abdallah et al., Notes A.R.C.Herb Egypt 6:187
(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:65(1989).
Type: in fissuris rupium montis Santae Catharinae; 1835; Schimper 350 (G,
microfiche !).
S. urvilleana Decne., in Ann.Sci.Nat.Bot. ser.2,2:252(1834), non Wydler (1828).
Type: entre rochers humides au Mont St. Catherine; Bové 69.
S. variegata M.B. var. libanotica Boiss.,Fl.Orient.4:418(1879).
Distribution:
Rocky slopes and crevices of the wadis in mountainous southern Sinai. Known from
S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(S) Sinai, below the summit of Gebel Musa; 22.4.1961; V. Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI).
15. Veronica L., Sp.Pl.ed.1:9 (1753).
A genus of about 300 species in Temperate regions of both hemispheres or
mountains in the Tropics.
Note: Veronica was regarded by Täckholm (1974:496-99) as the second largest genus of
Scrophulariaceae; being represented by 10 species. Among these, a group of three species
viz Veronica syriaca, V. macropoda and V. biloba are tiny herbs (about 5 cm high),
confined to the shady and moist rocky habitats in southern Sinai. These were regarded by El
Hadidi (1969:151) as closely related to Veronia musa Täckh. & Hadidi, which was
described from Gebel Musa area (S. Sinai). The available material of the above mentioned
three species is insufficient to confirm their occurrence in Sinai with certainity.
Veronica anagallis–aquatica L. sensu Täckholm (1974:498) is a polymorphic species
represented by at least three varieties. Careful study of a wealth of specimens showed that it
is eventually an aggregate that comprises: Veronica anagallis-aquatica s.str., V. catenata
and V. anagalloides. According to Chrtek & Osbornová (1981), Veronica beccabunga L.
does not occur in Egypt and the specimens seen for this taxon belong to Veronica scardica
which is a new record to the flora of Egypt.
Careful study of the specimens kept under Veronica campylopoda Boiss. led to the
discovery of another habitually similar but rather distinct species, viz. Veronica rubrifolia
Boiss., which is a new record to the flora of Sinai and Egypt.
Key to the species
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
1.a. Flowers solitary in leaf-axils; bracts similar to cauline leaves ……..……..……. 2
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
b. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes; bracts much reduced, distinct from
cauline leaves ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..…………..……..……………
3
2.a. Capsule 5-6 mm long, with deep sinus at apex, pericarp with
anastomosed veins ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..………….. 7 V. persica.
b. Capsule 2-4 mm long, emarginate or with shallow sinus at apex,
pericarp with indistinct veins ……..……..…………..……..………………. 8. V. polita
3.a. Flowers in terminal racemes ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..…………… 4
b. Flowers in axillary racemes ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..……………. 5
4.a. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate to elliptical, with dentate margin
capsule broadly pyriform with emarginate apex ……..……..……. 10. V.
rubrifolia
b. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, with entire margin;
capsule compressed with deep sinus, divided nearly to the
base into 2-divaricate lobes ……..……..……..……..………….. 9. V. campylopoda
5.a. Plant dwarf, 5-7 cm tall ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..… 6. V. musa
b. Plant long, 15-70 cm tall ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..…………..……. 6
6.a. Each leaf-pair with two opposite racemes ……..……..…………..……..……………. 7
b. Each leaf-pair with only one raceme ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..… 9
7.a. Leaf-base subcordate or cuneate; capsule acute at
apex ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..………….. 2 V.anagallis- aquatica
b. Leaf-base amplexicaul-truncate or amplexicaul-subcordate; capsule
emarginate to notched at apex ……..…..……..……..…………..……..…………..…….. 8
8.a. Perennial, cauline leaves oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate;
racemes 100-160 mm long, loose, bow-like; pedicels mostly
twice the length of the bracts (5-7mm long) ……..……..…………. 4. V. catenata
b. Annual, cauline leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate;
racemes 30-70 (-100) mm long, + dense, straight,
pedicels as long as or nearly half the length of the bracts
(2-3 mm long) ……..……..…………..……..…………..……..…… 1. V. anagalloides.
9.a. Leaves sub-orbicular, with mucronate apex, attenuated towards
the base; sepals elliptical, with acute apex; capsule with acute
apex ……...…………..……..…………..……..…………..……..…………..…. 5. V. kaiseri
b. Leaves ovate-elliptical to ovate, with obtuse to acute apex,
petiolate; sepals oblanceolate to obovate, with sub-obtuse
apex; capsule with emarginate apex ……..……..…………..………... 3. V.
scardica
15.1 Veronica anagalloides Guss, Pl. Rar. 5:tab. 3(1826); Boiss., Fl. Orient
4:437(1879).
Type: Italia in stagnis depressis Calabriae Orientalis prope Catanzaro al fiume
Magliacone, Gussone ( PAL).
V. haussknechtii Boiss., Fl.Orient. 4:438 (1879).
V. comosa K.Richt., in Stapf, Denkschr.Math.-Nat.Cl.Kais.Akad.Wiss., W.
50(2):24 (1885).
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
V. anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. anagalloides (Guss.)Rouy,Fl.France 2:39 (1909);
sensu Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.1:131 (1956).
V. anagallis-aquatica L. var anagalloides sensu Täckh., Stud. Fl.Egypt ed.2:498
(1974).
V. anagalloides Guss. subsp. taeckholmiorum Chrtek & Osb.-Kos., Folia Geobot.
Phytotax., Praha 16:426(1981).
Distribution:
Moist and shady places, also along irrigation canals of the Nile Valley. Known from
Temperate Europe eastwards to S.W. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) Damanhur; 18.3.1988; A.Amer 16173 (CAI); El Marg, Cairo; 14.3.1880;
Schweinfurth 195 (K & CAI); Sohag-Khazindara; 20.1.1986; Hadidi s.n. (CAI).
15.2. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.,Sp.Pl.ed.1:12(1753).
a. var. nilotica R.Uechtr, in Asch.& Schweinf., Ill.Fl.Egypte 2:117(1887); Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2.:498(1974).
Type: regions des cataractes Heuser et suermoundt, Ehrenberg.
Distribution:
Very rare plant on canal banks in the southern sector of the Nile Valley. Known from
Sudanse Nubia.
Selected specimens:
(Nn) Nile bank at the Catarct hotel, Aswan; 2.7.1967; El Hadidi & Ghabour s.n.(CAI);
Abu Simbil; 14.3.1963; Abdallah 1597(CAIM).
**15.3. Veronica scardica Griseb., Spic.Fl.Rumel. 2(4):31 (1844).
Type: In Albania boreali, 1839, Grisebach (GOET).
V. gracilis R. Uechtr. Ex Velen. In Abh.K.Bohm.Ges.wiss.(Math.-Nat.) 7 (1B ):35
(1886), non R.Br.(1810).
V. beccabunga L. var. aegyptiaca Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.1:131(1956) &
ed.2:498 (1974).
V. scardica Griseb. subsp. africana Chrtek & Osb.-Kos., Folia Geobot. Phytotax.,
Praha 16:433 (1981).
Distribution:
Weed in moist places of the Nile Delta, Faiyum Governorate and the Oases. Known from
S.E. Europe and Mediterranean basin.
Selected specimens:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
(Nv) Giza, at the Nile; 6.3.1927; G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI); Kafr Mahfus &Beni Othman, El
Faiyum; 20.11.1968; Hadidi s.n. (CAI)−(O) Bahariya, Al Harra, Ain Gilt; 13.4.1980; M.
Abd El Ghani 2612 (CAI & K); Dakhla oasis, 12.4.1928; Simpson 6004 (CAIM); At
Kharga town; 9.2.1952; V. Täckholm & Kassas s.n. (CAI).
15.4. Veronica catenata Pennell, Rhodora, 23:37(1921).
Type: Hot springs, South Dakota, 16.6.1882; P.A.Rydberg 926 (Herb. NY Bot.
Garden).
V. anagallis-aquatica var. aquatica sensu Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.1:131 (1956) &
ed.2.:498 (1974).
Distribution:
Common in moist and shady places of the Nile Delta, the orchards of Fayium, the Oases
and mountainous southern Sinai, cultivation of Ismailia and Hurgada; the Alexandria and
Rosette district. Known from most Europe.
Selected specimens:
(M) Miska at Victoria, Alexandria; 9.10.1923; Simpson 2194 (K)−(Di) Ezbet El Madarsa;
25.4.1980; El Bakry 7 (K)−(Nv) El Gedia, Kafr ElSheikh; 3.4.1993; E.Shamso s.n. (CAI);
El Guezireh-Cairo; 22.2.1911; Hartmann s.n. (CAI)− (O) Bahariya, El Haiz; 20.3.1940;
Drar 52 (CAIM);Dakhla Oasis, Bir El Kodia; 17.3.1967; El Hadidi et al. s.n. (CAI);
North of El Kharga; 23.1.1924; Simpson 2147 (K)−(S) Feiran Oasis; 5.5.1939; Drar 269
(CAIM); Wadi Catherine, S. Sinai; 20.4.1962; Khattab et al. 1039 (CAIM)−(R) Hurgada;
4.3.1936; Nasr s.n. (CAI).
15.5. Veronica kaiseri Täckh., in Svensk.Bot.Tidskr. 36:250 (1942); Täckh.,
Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.1:131(1956); Täckh.,Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:498(1974); Abdallah et
al., Notes A.R.C. Herb.Egypt 6:190(1984); El Husseini & Zareh in Taeckholmia
12:66(1989).
Type: Egypt, Sinai; Sheikh Umm Hussan Shiddeq; 9.9.1926; Kaiser 538 (CAI,
holotype !).
Distribution:
Moist shady places in the wadi beds of mountainous southern Sinai. Endemic to Sinai.
Selected specimens:
(S) Sinai, Sheikh Umm Hussan Shiddeq; 9.9.926; Kaiser 538(CAI & CAIM); Gebel
Musa; 7.5.1969; Shalaby & El Hedini s.n. (CAIM); Wadi Isla, S. Sinai; 17.4.1962;
Abdallah 821 (CAIM).
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
15.6. Veronica musa Täckh. & Hadidi in El Hadidi, Bull. Soc.G éog. Egypte, XL:151
(1969); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2:499(1974).
Type: On the step way of Gebel Musa; 1956; El Hadidi s.n. (CAI, holotype !)
V. islensis Gamal El din, in Sendtnera 1:242(1993).
Type: Egypt; Sinai Peninsula, Wadi Isla, in fresh water canal; 1.10.1990; Gamal-
El din (Herb Suez Canal University).
Distribution:
Moist shady, rock crevices in mountainous southern Sinai. Endemic to southern Sinai.
Selected specimens:
(S) On the step way of Gebel Musa; 1956; El Hadidi s.n. (CAI).
15.7. Veronica persica Poir., in Lam., Encycl. 8:542(1808); Asch. & Schweinf..,Ill.
Fl.Egypte 2:117 (1887); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2: 498 (1974).
Type: Persia; cult. in Paris, Lamarck (P).
V. tournefortii C.C.Gmel., Fl.Bad. 1:39 (1805), pro parte; Täckh., Stud. Fl.Egypt
ed.1:131(1956).
Distribution:
Weed in moist shady places and along irrigation canals of the Nile Delta and Alexandria,
probably introduced and naturalized. Known from S.W. Asia; also naturalized as a weed
in N. Africa, Europe, C. Asia, Japan and Newzealand.
Selected specimens:
(M) Alexandria; Samouha, cultivations behined Nuzha gardens; 23.3.1956; V. Täckholm
& El Hadidi s.n. (CAI)−(Nv) Beheira Governorate, Mahmudiya; 17.3.1987; A.Amer 9501
(CAI).
15.8. Veronica polita Fr., Novit. Fl.Svec. 5:63(1819); Täckh., Stud.Fl. Egypt ed.1: 131
(1956); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:498 (1974).
Type: Sweden; “ubique in arvis Scaniae”; Fries (UPS).
Distribution:
Weed in moist shady places and along irrigation canals of the Nile Delta and the Oases.
Known from Temperate Europe and Temperate Asia, also from Mediterranean region.
Selected specimens:
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
(M) Alexandria; Mahmudiya canal; 11.2.1909; Maire s.n. (CAI)−(Nv) Beheira
Governorate, Kafr El Dauwar; 12.3.1988; A.Amer 16533 (CAI); Farouk’s rest house at
Helwan; 6.4.1953; Boulos s.n. (CAI)−(O) Kharga Oasis, South of Kharga twon;
15.1.1928; G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI).
15.9. Veronica campylopoda Boiss., Diagn. Pl.Orient. ser.1(1), 4:80(1844); Boiss.,
Fl.Orient. 4:464 (1879); Täckh., Stud., Fl.Egypt, ed.2:499 (1974); El Husseini &
Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:66 (1989).
Type: Sinai, ad radices montis Sinai locis planis in glareosis graniticis 1835,
Schimper 118 ( M, syntype , microfiche !).
Distribution:
Rare herb in moist places and gardens of South Sinai. Knwon from Syria, Armenia, Iran,
Afghanistan and C. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(S) ad radices montis Sinai; 19.4.1835; Schimper 118 (K); In the garden of Deir El Rabba,
at the enterance of Wadi El Arbaain; 23-25.4.1961; V. Täckholm et al. s.n. (CAI).
**15.10. Veronica rubrifolia Boiss.,
a. subsp. respectatissima M.A.Fisch., Rech.f.,Fl.Iran. 147:71 (1981); El Husseini
& Zareh in Taeckholmia 12:66(1989).
Type: Persia; Qashqai;5.6.1974; Rechinger 47340 (W).
Distribution:
Rare herb on rocky slopes of southern Sinai. Also recorded from Afghanistan, Iran,
Pakistan and Tadzhikistan.
Selected specimens:
(S) On the step way to Gebel Musa, Sinai; 11.5.1956; V. Täckholm s.n. (CAI).
16. Striga Lour., Fl. Cochinch. Ed.1,1:22 (1790).
A genus with about 40 species in the Tropics of Old World.
Note: According to Täckholm (1974:499), Striga was represented in Egypt by three species, among
which S. gesnerioides was recorded once from Kharga Oasis. No specimens were seen and
its occurrence in Egypt is doubtful.
Key to the species:
a. Flowers 25-35 mm long, calyx 5-nerved, corolla violet ..…… 1. S. hermonthica
b. Flowers 14-16 mm long, calyx 10-nerved, corolla scarlet red …. 2. S. asiatica.
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M.N. El Hadidi, A.I. Hosny, N. El Husseini & E. Shamso
16.1 Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., in Hook.,Comp.Bot.Mag 1:365(1836); Boiss.,
Fl.Orient. 4:469 (1879); Täckh., Stud.Fl.Egypt ed.2:499 (1974).
Buchnera hermonthica Delile, Descr.Egypte, Hist.Nat. 2:245,Pl.34, fig.3(1813).
Type: in cultis Egypti mediae et superioris, Delile.
Distribution:
Parasite on grasses, particularly sugar-cane in the Nile Valley. Known from Tropical
Africa and Arabian Peninsula.
Selected specimens:
(Dl) North of Wadi El Natroun; 21.9.1967; El Hadidi s.n. (CAI)−(Nv) Helwan; 19.8.1912;
B.Bolland s.n. (CAIM); along Ibrahimiah canal at Manfalout; 17.10.1971; Imam et al.s.n.
(CAI)−(Nn) W. Koshyamna, W. El Allaqi; 22.3.1962; Abdallah et al. s.n. (CAIM);
Adendan, Nubia; 19.1.1964; Boulos s.n. (CAI).
16.2. Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:466 (1891); Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt
ed.2:499 (1974).
Buchnera asiatica L., Sp.Pl.ed.1:630 (1753).
Type: in Zeylona, China.
Striga lutea Lour.,Fl.Cochinch. ed.1,1:22 (1790); Muschl.,Man.Fl.Egypt 2:880
(1912).
Type: Canton, Loureiro (P).
Distribution:
Parasite on Maize, only known in the vicinity of Abu Zaabal of the Nile Delta. Known
from Tropical and South Africa, India Sri-lanka and S.E. Asia.
Selected specimens:
(Nv) Abu Zaabal; 5.10.1928; Shabetai z 149 (CAI); Abu Zaabal; 11.8.1966; Khattab 1234
(CAIM).
References:
Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt, Checklist: 131-136, Alhadara Publishing, Cairo.
Bremer, K.; Bremer, B. & Thulin, M. 1998. Introduction to Phylogeny and Systematics of
flowering plants (ed.4):66:68. Dept. of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University.
Brown, R. 1810. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae van Diemen 1. London.
Candolle A. P. de. 1805. (reissued 1815), in J. B. Lamarok & A. P. de Candolle, Flore
Francaise (ed. 3) 3. Paris.
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Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Egypt (1)
Chrtek, J. & Osbornová. J. 1981. Veronia section Beccabunga in Egypt. Folia Geobot.
Praha 16:423-437.
El Hadidi, M. N. 1969. Observations on the flora of the Sinai mountain region. Bull. Soc.
Géog. Egypt. XL:123-155.
El Hadidi, M. N. 1980. An outline of the planned flora of Egypt, in M.N. El Hadidi (ed.)
Flora of Egypt. Taeckholmia add. ser. 1:9-10.
………………… & Fayed, A. A. 1994/95. Materials for Excursion Flora of Egypt.
Taeckholmia 15:141-146.
Hutchinson, J. 1948. British Flowering plants: 225-228. London.
Jussieu, A. L. 1789. Genera Plantarum. Paris.
Melchior, H. 1964, in A. Engler’s “Syllabus der Pflazenfamilien” (ed. 12) 2:448-453.
Berlin.
Olmstead, R.G. & Reeves, P.A. 1995. Evidence for the polyphyly of the Scrophulariaceae
based on chloroplast rbc L and ndh F sequences. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
82:176-193.
Richardson, I.B.K. 1978, in V. H. Heywood (ed.) Scrophulariaceae, Flowering plants of
the world:243-245. Oxford University Press.
Sickenberger, E. 1901. Contribution a la flore d’Egypte. Mém. Inst. Egypt. 4:264.
Sutton, D. A. 1988. A revision of the tribe Antirrhineae. Oxford University Press, London.
Täckholm, V. 1974. Students’ Flora of Egypt (ed. 2). Cairo University.
Wettstein, R. 1895. Scrophulariaceae, in A Engler & K. Prantl (ed.). Die Natürlichen
Pflanzen-familien 4(3b):39-107. Wilhelm Engelmam, Leipzig.
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