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CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Volume 4. Macrophytes.
Abstract
This 364 pages Atlas, covering Exotic Mediterranean seaweeds, is the fruit of years of research by leading algal experts. Richly illustrated and backed up by abundant, up-to-date bibliographic references, it offers the latest knowledge on the current geographic distribution, mode of introduction, distinct taxonomic characteristics of 117 Exotic algal species, plus one seagrass, now established in Mediterranean waters. The reader will also find a presentation of 22 additional taxa that have made their way to the north-eastern coast of the Atlantic and are considered likely to be the next settlers. Interested readers may browse through representative pages and order the Atlas at https://www.ciesm.org/catalog/index.php?article=2004&tg=RG
... These include several fish species, like the bastard grunt Pomadasys incisus Bowdich, 1825 (Bodilis et al., 2013) (Turon et al., 2007;Önen, 2020) and Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002Kott, (Çinar & Özgul, 2023. Amongst the seaweeds we can highlight the well-known invasives Womersleyella setacea (Hollenberg) R.E.Norris, Phyllymenia gibbesii (Harvey) S.M.Lin, Rodríguez-Prieto, De Clerck, Guiry (Rodríguez-Prieto et al., 2021) and Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, species that were first reported in the western Mediterranean (Verlaque et al., 2015) and progressed to the east to reach the Levantine and Aegean Seas, respectively (Taskin et al., 2013;Tsiamis et al., 2010). Particularly fast was the expansion of the Atlantic sea urchin crab, Percnon gibbesi, that in only 12 years spread from the southwestern Mediterranean to the Aegean and Levantine Seas (Katsanevakis et al., 2011). ...
Not applicable. This is a comment on a recently published study.
... A turf-forming rhodophycean species, observed for the first time in the Mar Piccolo in 2012, was identified based on the morphological analysis as Caulacanthus ustulatus (Turner) Kützing (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales), a taxon commonly distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. Some specimens from the French Mediterranean coast were successively ascribed to the NIS taxon Caulacanthus okamurae (Verlaque et al., 2015). Therefore, rbcL gene molecular analyses were carried out on C. ustulatus specimens collected both in the Mar Piccolo and in the Venice Lagoon, confirming the presence of the non-indigenous taxon also in these two Mediterranean hot spots (Petrocelli et al., 2020b). ...
The Mar Piccolo of Taranto (southern Italy, Mediterranean Sea), a site of the European LTER network, is a transitional water system, where a century-old intensive mussel farming activity has been carried out, together with an intense import-export business of bivalve mollusks. Previous studies showed that this basin is third for NIS seaweed introduction in the Mediterranean Sea, after the Thau Lagoon and the Venice Lagoon. The present paper deals with the results of 11-year monitoring activity on non-indigenous species (NIS) of seaweeds, which was performed in the Mar Piccolo. In the studied period (2011–2021), two different time frames (i.e., 2011–2015 and 2016–2021) were considered, since they were based on a different number of sampling sites. To investigate spatial and temporal differences in the seaweed assemblage, a multivariate analysis was performed considering the NIS and the most important native species in terms of temporal occurrence. Fourteen NIS were recorded in total in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto during this period, with variable abundances among sites and years: nine species in the first time period, and thirteen species in the second one. Caulerpa cylindracea, recorded with negligible biomass in the first period, was absent in the second-period samplings. Molecular analyses confirmed the taxonomy of three species (i.e., Grateloupia minima, Neopyropia koreana, and Polysiphonia morrowii), previously identified only through morphological features. The most abundant species was Hypnea corona, which almost doubled its biomass in the second time period compared to the first one. Three species (i.e., Caulacanthus okamurae, G. minima, and P. morrowii) increased their biomass by an order of magnitude in the second time period. No significant differences were found over years. Site 1 resulted in significant differences among the sites and different seasonal pattern occurred among the investigated sites. No significant long-term changes occurred in the seaweed assemblages, suggesting the absence of strong disturbances due to the settlement of NIS.
... In some cases, the migrants are accompanied by their natural enemies, including parasites, but frequently, they have no natural enemies or competitors in their new home, and reproduction rises significantly. Similar events have also occurred elsewhere in the world, where environmental conditions were altered by human intervention (Por, 1978;Taskin et al., 2008;Katsanevakis et al., 2009;Israel et al., 2010;Sala et al., 2013;Aplikioti et al., 2015;Verlaque et al., 2015;Israel & Einav, 2017). ...
This paper presents an analysis of the environmental factors affecting the ecology of seaweed (macroalgae) populations in the Levant Basin, attempting to identify both similar and different factors that determine distribution. Using correspondence analysis (CA) the study found a significantly similar pattern in the relations between countries and macroalgae-both for the whole group and within each phylum: Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta. The study identified two different macroalgae populations in the Levant Basin: The easternmost group living in open water off the coasts of Syria, Lebanon and Israel, and the shell group found in more sheltered waters in Egypt, Turkey, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and Republic of Cyprus (Greece Cyprus): south Cyprus; and the North Cyprus. The differences between the two communities can be explained by dynamic wave activity. Following a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision according to AlgaeBase, of 693 species to date recorded from the studied area, only 573 species remained. 26 of them appear in all 7 countries and other 68 in 6 countries. 204 species appear in only one country. 3 or 4 species have only been described in the Middle East and could be endemic.
... In particular, Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon is listed among the 100 worst invasive species in this basin (Streftaris and Zenetos, 2006). The earliest reports of its presence in the Mediterranean Sea date back to 1798-1801 in Alexandria (Egypt) as a result of trading operations and the opening of the Suez Canal (Verlaque et al., 2015). It was first recorded along the Italian coast on the western shore of Sicily, close to the city of Trapani, in May 2000 (Barone et al., 2003). ...
Invasive seaweeds are listed among the most relevant threats to marine ecosystems worldwide. Biodiversity hotspots, such as the Mediterranean Sea, are facing multiple invasions and are expected to be severely affected by the introduction of new non-native seaweeds in the near future. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of the shift from the native Ericaria brachycarpa to the invasive Asparagopsis taxiformis habitat on the shallow rocky shores of Favignana Island (Egadi Islands, MPA, Sicily, Italy). We compared algal biomass and species composition and structure of the associated epifaunal assemblages in homogenous and mixed stands of E. brachycarpa and A. taxiformis. The results showed that the biomass of primary producers is reduced by 90% in the A. taxiformis invaded habitat compared to the E. brachycarpa native habitat. The structure of the epifaunal assemblages displayed significant variations among homogenous and mixed stands. The abundance, species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the epifaunal assemblages decreased by 89%, 78% and 40%, respectively, from homogenous stands of the native E. brachycarpa to the invasive A. taxiformis. Seaweed biomass was the structural attribute better explaining the variation in epifaunal abundance, species richness and diversity. Overall, our results suggest that the shift from E. brachycarpa to A. taxiformis habitat would drastically erode the biomass of primary producers and the associated biodiversity. We hypothesize that a complete shift from native to invasive seaweeds could ultimately lead to bottom-up effects on rocky shore habitats, with negative consequences for the ecosystem structure, functioning, and the services provided.
... Our results concur with McDevit and Saunders (2017) who noted that diversification within C. peregrina populations requires further studies that would benefit from the inclusion of other markers and larger, more widespread, sampling. Colpomenia peregrina has a worldwide distribution in temperate seas (Womersley 1967(Womersley , 1987, including northern Europe (Ireland, England and France ;Minchin 1991) and in the Mediterranean (Verlaque et al. 2015). European records of C. peregrina have been considered anthropogenic introductions from north-eastern Pacific populations (Minchin 1991). ...
Defining species in the brown algal genus Colpomenia is a challenging endeavour because of their morphological similarity, overlapping phenotypic variation, the absence of conspicuous diagnostic characters, and often lack of reproductive structures crucial for their identification. Thus, the use of molecular tools has become widely used to study Colpomenia taxonomy and evolution. The following four Colpomenia species are described along the Australian coast: C. claytoniae M.Boo, K.M.Lee, G.Y.Cho & W.Nelson, C. ecuticulata M.J.Parsons, C. peregrina Sauvageau, and C. sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity of Colpomenia species in southern and south-eastern Australia by using DNA barcoding techniques and single-marker species delimitation methods. We generated 44 new COI-5P DNA sequences from nine different populations across three Australian states (South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania), and applied 13 variations of four species delimitation methods (ABDG, SPN, PTP, GMYC). Our results recognised three Colpomenia species in the region, namely, C. sinuosa, C. claytoniae, and C. peregrina. Colpomenia sinuosa is the most widely distributed species in Australia. Colpomenia peregrina and C. claytoniae presented high levels of intraspecific genetic divergence. We did not find C. ecuticulata, although it has been previously reported from nearby our sampling area.
... For example, the algal species such as Acanthophora nayadiformis, Ganonema farinosum, Cladosiphon zosterae and Pylaiella littoralis, which were previously classified as questionable or cryptogenic are considered herein as established alien species, because of the new evidences on the proper taxonomic entities of these species [52,53] and their pathways of introductions: A. nayadiformis and G. farinosum might have been introduced by multiple vectors (shipping or via the Suez Canal), while others (C. zosterae and P. littoralis) by shellfish and oysters farming [54]. Based on the new data accumulated since 2011, ten casual species (Phyllorhiza punctata, Pisione guanche, Monocorophium sextonae, Eurycarcinus integrifrons, Penaeus aztecus, Pilumnus minutus, Sticteulima lentiginosa, Monotigma fulva, Odostomia lorioli and Pomadasys stridens) in the 2011's species list have turned to become established alien species. ...
The 2020's update of marine alien species list from Turkey yielded a total of 539 species belonging to 18 taxonomic groups, 404 of which have become established in the region and 135 species are casual. A total of 185 new alien species have been added to the list since the previous update of 2011. The present compilation includes reports of an ascidian species (Rhodosoma turcicum) new to the marine fauna of Turkey and range extensions of six species. Among the established species, 105 species have invasive characters at least in one zoogeographic region, comprising 19% of all alien species. Mollusca ranked first in terms of the number of species (123 species), followed by Foraminifera (91 species), Pisces (80 species) and Arthropoda (79 species). The number of alien species found in seas surrounding Turkey ranged from 28 (Black Sea) to 413 (Levantine Sea). The vectoral importance of the Suez Canal diminishes when moving from south to north, accounting for 72% of species introductions in the Levantine Sea vs. only 11% of species introductions in the Black Sea. Most alien species on the coasts of Turkey were originated from the Red Sea (58%), due to the proximity of the country to the Suez Canal. Shipping activities transported 39% of alien species, mainly from the Indo-Pacific area (20%) and the Atlantic Ocean (10%). Misidentified species (such as Pterois volitans, Trachurus declivis, etc.) and species those classified as questionable or cryptogenic were omitted from the list based on new data gathered in the last decade and expert judgements. The documented impacts of inva-sive species on socio-economy, biodiversity and human health in the last decade as well as the legislation and management backgrounds against alien species in Turkey are presented.
Dopo una breve introduzione sui 6 Ordini che costituiscono l’oggetto di questo secondo contributo alle Rhodymeniophycidae del Mediterraneo (Mar Nero escluso), si passa alla trattazione dei taxa seguendo l’ordine strettamente alfabetico.La trattazione riguarda 131 taxa correntemente accettati, di cui 126 a livello specifico e infraspecifico e 5 a livello solamente di genere. Inoltre vengono censiti 132 taxa (a livello specifico e infraspecifico) non accettati, nonché altri 280 taxa (a livello specifico e infraspecifico) sinonimi dei taxa accettati e/o non accettati. Dei 124 taxa a livello specifico e infraspecifico accettati, 96 sono componenti tradizionali della flora macroalgale mediterranea, 12 sono alieni o involontariamente introdotti, 16 sono taxa excludenda. Tutti i taxa accettati sono ripartiti in 39 generi di cui: 31 con rappresentanti in Mediterraneo, 3 sono excludenda, e 5 privi di rappresentanti in Mediterraneo (solamente citati nel testo). I 132 taxa non accettati sono così ripartiti: 47 sono taxa inquirenda (di cui 3 con nome illegittimo); 32 sono taxa con nome illegittimo (3 dei quali sono anche taxa inquirenda); 41 sono taxa con il nome invalidamente pubblicato (32 dei quali sono nomina nuda); 15 taxa sono combinazioni invalide. Di ciascun taxon trattato viene fornita una breve descrizione preceduta da alcuni riferimenti bibliografici riportanti notizie, illustrazioni e/o distribuzione in Mediterraneo. La trattazione della maggior parte dei taxa specifici e infraspecifici è corredata da tavole iconografiche; inoltre, quasi tutti i taxa trattati sono arricchiti di note bilingue (Italiano e Inglese) a supporto delle sinonimie indicate, o delle scelte tassonomiche seguite o delle motivazioni per cui il taxon è stato considerato inquirendum e/o excludendum o delle conclusioni nomenclaturali. Inoltre, vengono proposte 3 nuove combinazioni, 2 delle quali di taxa non presenti in Mediterraneo. Il lavoro è completato da un glossario di 173 voci, da un indice di tutti i nomi dei taxa citati nel testo e da una errata corrige al precedente lavoro sulle Rhodymeniophycidae di Cormaci et al. (2020).
The introduction and establishment of exotic species often result in significant changes in recipient communities and their associated ecosystem services. However, usually the magnitude and direction of the changes are difficult to quantify because there is no pre‐introduction data. Specifically, little is known about the effect of marine exotic macrophytes on organic carbon sequestration and storage. Here, we combine dating sediment cores (²¹⁰Pb) with sediment eDNA fingerprinting to reconstruct the chronology of pre‐ and post‐arrival of the Red Sea seagrass Halophila stipulacea spreading into the Eastern Mediterranean native seagrass meadows. We then compare sediment organic carbon storage and burial rates before and after the arrival of H. stipulacea and between exotic (H. stipulacea) and native (C. nodosa and P. oceanica) meadows since the time of arrival following a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) approach. This analysis revealed that H. stipulacea arrived at the areas of study in Limassol (Cyprus) and West Crete (Greece) in the 1930s and 1970s, respectively. Average sediment organic carbon after the arrival of H. stipulacea to the sites increased in the exotic meadows twofold, from 8.4 ± 2.5 g Corg m−2 year⁻¹ to 14.7 ± 3.6 g Corg m−2 year⁻¹, and, since then, burial rates in the exotic seagrass meadows were higher than in native ones of Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica. Carbon isotopic data indicated a 50% increase of the seagrass contribution to the total sediment Corg pool since the arrival of H. stipulacea. Our results demonstrate that the invasion of H. stipulacea may play an important role in maintaining the blue carbon sink capacity in the future warmer Mediterranean Sea, by developing new carbon sinks in bare sediments and colonizing areas previously occupied by the colder thermal affinity P. oceanica.
The specific diversity of the Mediterranean represents nearly 13% of the world's algae diversity. However, the origin of this diversity and its relationship with the adjacent Atlantic flora is still rather poorly understood. In order to better assess the biogeographic relationships between Mediterranean and Atlantic algae, the authors focused on two genera of red algae of the order Rhodymeniales, Lomentaria (Lomentariaceae) and Champia (Champiaceae), whose distribution includes the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and they used the tools of molecular systematics to study their potential biogeographic separation. The methodology proposed in this chapter, based on dense sampling and identifications carried out using tools of molecular systematics, has proven to be suitable for revealing relationships and discussing trajectories. In order to refine the relative importance of each element and thus better understand the origin of the diversity of Mediterranean algae, it would be beneficial to extend this study to all algae.
The macroalgae Lophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) F. Schmitz and Sarconema
filiforme (Sonder) Kylin and the spaghetti bryozoan Amathia verticillata (delle Chiaje,
1822) are here first reported in native seagrass beds in the Gulf of Gabès (southeastern
Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea). Among them, the sighting of S. filiforme constitutes
the first record of this species in Tunisia. The co-occurrence of these species was
observed in the study area with variable abundances, and L. lallemandi appeared to
impact the local seagrass meadows of Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile.
Further studies are needed to monitor the distribution of these non-native and
cryptogenic taxa in Tunisia and to confirm or infirm the potential negative impacts
of the non-indigenous macroalgae on local biota and seagrass beds.
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