We investigate the interplay between post-translational folding and escape of two small single-domain
proteins at the ribosomal exit tunnel by using Langevin dynamics with coarse-grained models. It is
shown that at temperatures lower or near the temperature of the fastest folding, folding proceeds
concomitantly with the escape process, resulting in vectorial folding and enhancement of foldability
of nascent proteins. The concomitance between the two processes, however, deteriorates as temperature
increases. Our folding simulations as well as free energy calculation by using umbrella sampling
show that, at low temperatures, folding at the tunnel follows one or two specific pathways without
kinetic traps. It is shown that the escape time can be mapped to a one-dimensional diffusion model
with two different regimes for temperatures above and below the folding transition temperature.
Attractive interactions between amino acids and attractive sites on the tunnel wall lead to a free
energy barrier along the escape route of the protein. It is suggested that this barrier slows down the
escape process and consequently promotes correct folding of the released nascent protein.