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A Taxonomic Study on the Subgenus Seladonia (Hymenoptera:
Halictidae: Halictus) in China with a Description of a New Species
Ze-Qing Niu
1,2
, Yan-Ru Wu
1
and Da-Wei Huang
1,3,
*
1
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
2
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
3
Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
(Accepted September 10, 2004)
Ze-Qing Niu, Yan-Ru Wu and Da-Wei Huang (2004) A taxonomic study on the subgenus Seladonia
(Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictus) in China with a description of a new species. Zoological Studies 43 (4):
647-670. In this paper, 17 species of the subgenus Seladonia (genus Halictus) from China are reported. One
new species, H. (S.) multicarinatus sp. nov. is described. Two subspecies, H. (S.) confusus alpinus Alfken, H.
(S.) confusus perkinsi Blüthgen, and 2 species, H. (S.) semitectus Morawitz and H. (S.) varentzowi Morawitz
are newly recorded in China. A species checklist, a key to the species, a description of the new species,
redescriptions of the newly recorded species and subspecies, and remarks for each species are given. The
type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
http://www.sinica.edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/43.4/647.pdf
Key words: Taxonomy, Halictidae, Halictinae, Halictus, Seladonia.
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
The subgenus Seladonia Robertson 1918
belongs to the genus Halictus (Hymenoptera:
Halictidae). Globally, it includes about 100
species of greenish, bluish, or brassy metallic-col-
ored, moderate to small-sized bees (body length,
4.5~10.0 mm) (Pesenko 2000). The subgenus
Seladonia is distinguished from other subgenera
by the following characters: integument of both
sexes, at least head and thorax, with metallic
reflections; hairless propodeal dorsal enclosure
large, about as long as metanotum, area behind
and lateral to propodeal dorsal enclosure usually
less strongly punctate and not densely covered
with hair.
Female: keel of labral process strong; T5 with
longitudinal median zone, and not divided by notch
or cleft; prepygidial fimbria divided; basitibial plate
rounded or pointed, its anterior margin defined.
Male: gonostylus double; lower gonostylus
(also named ventral gonostylus) directed to rear,
sometimes reduced to a small, slender process;
upper gonostylus broad and angular, middle inner
surface with cluster of long, curved, stiff setae;
posterior margin of S8 lacking medial process.
The subgenus Seladonia (genus Halictus) is
widespread; the regional faunas were studied by
Wille and Michener (1971, Neotropical species),
Sandhouse (1941, North American species),
Sakagami and Ebmer (1987, Oriental species),
Ebmer (1988, European species), Pesenko (2000,
Polish species), Dawut and Tadauchi (2000 2001
2002, Asian species), and Janjic and Packer
(2001, some new descriptions of Seladonia from
the New World).
Several scholars, such as Morawitz (1874),
Blüthgen (1923~1955), and Ebmer et al.
(1972~1996) respectively published descriptions
of new species collected from China. Wu (1941)
and Wu and Fan (1991) studied this subgenus in
China; Fan (1991) recorded 8 Chinese species
(only 4 represented by both sexes) of the sub-
genus Seladonia.
647
*To whom correspondence and reprint should be addressed. E-mail: huangdw@panda.ioz.ac.cn
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
648
MATERIALS, METHODS, AND TERMINOLOGY
In this study, species were collected from all
over China. Descriptions are based on specimens
deposited in the Museum of the Institute of
Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
(IZCAS).
All specimens were examined with a Leica
M10 (Germany) stereomicroscope. Attributes
were recorded with a Nikon COOLPIX 995 (Japan)
digital camera or by drawing. Male genitalia and
associated sterna were anatomized directly in 10%
KOH, or taken out from specimens after softening
in a jar for 2 d or so, and cleared in 10% KOH for
12 h or less, then washed with water for several
minutes, and drawn using a Leica M10 stereomi-
croscope.
The morphological terminology used in the
descriptions mainly followed Michener (2000) and
Sakagami and Ebmer (1987), while parts of terms
followed Dawut and Tadauchi (2000). Absolute
measurements, in millimeters (mm), are used for
body and forewing lengths. For all other struc-
tures, relative measurements are used. Some
abbreviations used in description are as follows:
1. BL (body length): measured from the base
of the antennal socket to the apex of the metaso-
ma. In individuals of the same species, shortest
and longest measurements are given;
2. HL (head length): measured from the api-
comedian margin of the clypeus to the upper mar-
gin of the vertex in frontal view;
3. HW (head width): measured at the widest
point of the head across the compound eyes in
frontal view;
4. EW (eye width): the greatest width of eye in
lateral view;
5. GW (genal width): the greatest width of the
gena in lateral view;
6. WL (wing length): measured in a straight
line from the base of the tegula to the tip of the
forewing; in individuals of the same species, short-
est and longest measurements are given;
7. OOD (ocellocular distance): shortest dis-
tance between the lateral ocellus and the inner
margin of the compound eye in frontal view;
8. IOD (interocellar distance): shortest dis-
tance between the inner margins of the lateral
ocelli;
9. MOD (maximum interocular distance): max-
imum interocular distance in frontal view;
10. UOD (upper interocular distance): mini-
mum upper interocular distance in frontal view;
11. LOD (lower interocular distance): mini-
mum lower interocular distance in frontal view;
12. MsW (mesosomal width): measured
between the outer rims of the tegulae in dorsal
view;
Table 1. Checklist of Chinese Seladonia
Species and subspecies Female Male New record New species
H. (S.) aerarius Smith, 1873 √√
H. (S.) confusus alpinus Alfken, 1907 √√
H. (S.) confusus perkinsi Blüthgen, 1926 √√
H. (S.) dorni Ebmer, 1982 √√
H. (S.) leucaheneus leucaheneus Ebmer, 1972 √√
H. (S.) magnus Ebmer, 1980 √√
H. (S.) mongolicus Morawitz, 1880 √
H. (S.) pjalmensis pjalmensis Strand, 1909 √√
H. (S.) placidulus Blüthgen, 1923 √
H. (S.) propinquus Smith, 1853 √√
H. (S.) seladonius (Fabricius, 1794) √
H. (S.) semitectus Morawitz, 1873 √√ √
H. (S.) subauratus subauratus (Rossi, 1792) √
H. (S.) tumulorum higashi Sakagami et Ebmer, √√
1979
H. (S.) varentzowi Morawitz, 1894 √√
H. (S.) vicinus Vachal, 1894 √√
H. (S.) multicarinatus sp. nov. √√
Total: 17 15 11 4 1
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
649
13. MtW (metasomal width): measured at the
widest metasomal tergum in dorsal view;
14. FnL (length of flagellomere n): measured
along the lower surface of the flagellomere n;
15. PP: punctures;
16. IS: interspaces of punctures, in this paper,
refers to the ratio of the diameter of punctures; and
17. Floral association: means that specimens
of species were collected from flowers of plant
species.
The species (including subspecies) checklist
of subgenus Seladonia of China is given in table 1.
Key to species
Male: Flagellum 11-segmented; metasoma 7-
segmented; anterior part of clypeus always yellow
(except for H. (S.) multicarinatus sp. nov.)
1. Antenna long, reaching propodeum or base of T1 ..........2
-
Antenna short, only reaching scutellum.........................13
2. S6 flat medially..............................................................3
-
S6 with a depression behind sternal gradulus.................9
3. Metasomal terga golden green or grayish green, with
strong metallic reflections...............................................4
-
Metasomal terga darkly reddened or brownish black, with-
out metallic reflections...................................................5
4. Lateral surface of pronotum with a few strong ridges; ver-
tex lengthened and broadened; 2nd flagellomere 1.4
times as long as wide; lower gonostylus slightly broad-
ened distally; body generally larger, length > 6.0 mm........
......................................................H. (S.) aerarius Smith
-
Lateral surface of pronotum without ridges; vertex short-
ened; 2nd flagellomere 1.8 times as long as wide; lower
gonostylus slender, sharply pointed distally; body general-
ly smaller, < 6.0 mm...............H. (S.) semitectus Morawitz
5. Body large, body length > 8.5 mm..................................6
-
Body small, body length < 6.0 mm..................................7
6. S4 weakly emarginate posteriorly, without anterolateral
angles; legs yellowish brown; lower gonostylus slender,
lamella-shaped, breadth 0.4 times length..........................
.....................................................H. (S.) magnus Ebmer
-
S4 strongly emarginate posteriorly, with anterolateral
angles; legs completely black; lower gonostylus, broadly
lamella-shaped, breadth 0.6 times length..........................
...........................................H. (S.) multicarinatus sp. nov.
7. Third flagellomere short, 1.5 times as long as wide...........
...............................................H. (S.) placidulus Blüthgen
-
Third flagellomere long, 2.0 times as long as wide..........8
8. In frontal view of head, head length greater than width......
............................................H. (S.) mongolicus Morawitz
-
In frontal view of head, head length less than width...........
.............................................H. (S.) varentzowi Morawitz
9. S2 and S3 with white tomentose apical bands triangularly
broadened forward medially, stylus of upper gonostylus
large, greatly triangularly or roundly broadened distally
...................................................................................10
-
S2 and S3 with bands not as above; stylus of the upper
gonostylus slender, not broadened distally....................11
10. Metasomal terga apical hair bands broad, not interrupted
on T2 and T3 medially; propodeal dorsum triangular,
granulate medially, stylus of upper gonostylus triangularly
broadened distally............................................................
..........................H. (S.) leucaheneus leucaheneus Ebmer
-
Metasomal terga apical hair bands narrow, broadly inter-
rupted on T1~T4 medially; propodeal dorsum crescentic,
strongly and irregularly rugose medially; stylus of upper
gonostylus roundly broadened ...........H. (S.) dorni Ebmer
11. Upper gonostylus roundly emarginate distally; lower
gonostylus moderately and roundly broadened at distal
1/2; metasomal terga with sparse yellowish hairs apically
................H. (S.) tumulorum higashi Sakagimi and Ebmer
-
Upper gonostylus straight distally; lower gonostylus great-
ly triangularly broadened at distal 1/2; metasomal terga
with sparse whitish hairs apically..................................12
12. Head shorter, its length/width ratio 1.05; clypeus less pro-
tuberant; flagellum usually pale ochre...............................
....................................H. (S.) confusus perkinsi Blüthgen
-
Head longer, its length/width ratio 1.1; clypeus strongly
protuberant, flagellum usually dark brown to black............
........................................H. (S.) confusus alpinus Alfken
13. Clypeus with narrow yellow band along lower margin,
band less than 1/3 of clypeal length; supraclypeal area
nearly flat............................H. (S.) seladonius (Fabricius)
-
Clypeus with broad yellow band along lower margin, band
more than 1/3 of clypeal length; supraclypeal area convex
...................................................................................14
14. In dorsolateral view, lower gonostylus curved ventrally;
lateral surface of pronotum below with parallel ridges........
..................................................H. (S.) propinquus Smith
-
In dorsolateral view, lower gonostylus straight; lateral sur-
face of pronotum below without parallel ridges..............15
15. Punctation on metasomal terga sparse, 0.5~1.0 at disc of
T1...................................................H. (S.) vicinus Vachal
-
Punctation on metasomal terga dense, 0.1~0.5 at disc of
T1...............................................................................16
16. S7 bluntly round medially, without slender or pointed
process, S8 with small trapezoidal process medially..........
................................H. (S.) pjalmensis pjalmensis Strand
-
S7 same as above, but S8 medially moderately project-
ing, apex not sharply pointed............................................
..............................H. (S.) subauratus subauratus (Rossi)
Female: Flagellum 10-segmented; metasoma
6-segmented, exposed 5 segments; T5 with longi-
tudinal median zone.
1. Metasomal terga without metallic reflections...................2
-
Metasomal terga with metallic reflections........................8
2. Body smaller, length < 6.0 mm....................................... 3
-
Body moderate or larger, length > 6.0 mm...................... 5
3. Basilateral patch on T1 dense and large; T3 and T4 with
short and dense yellowish-white hairs, completely cover-
ing surface..............................H. (S.) placidulus Blüthgen
-
Basilateral patch on T1 sparse, small to moderate; T3 and
T4 with short hairs, but not as dense as above, not cover-
ing entire surface...........................................................4
4. GW wider than EW in lateral view; metasomal terga red-
dened...................................H. (S.) mongolicus Morawitz
-
GW narrower than EW in lateral view; metasomal terga
yellowish brown.....................H. (S.) varentzowi Morawitz
5. Head longer than wide; frontal carina relatively long, usu-
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
650
ally longer than carina-ocellus distance............................
..........................................................H. (S.) dorni Ebmer
-
Head wider than long; frontal carina short, not longer than
carina-ocellus distance..................................................6
6. Inner hind tibial spur with 3 teeth; metasomal terga apical
hair bands sparse, broadly interrupted medially on T1 and
T2, becoming narrower on T3 medially...........................7
-
Inner hind tibial spur with 7 or 8 teeth; metasomal terga
apical hair bands dense, broadly interrupted medially on
T1, on T2~T4 complete..................H. (S.) magnus Ebmer
7. In dorsal view head, vertex narrowly rounded at postero-
lateral extremities; hair bands on metasomal terga ochre
yellow..........................H. (S.) confusus perkinsi Blüthgen
-
In dorsal view, head, vertex wider rounded at posterolater-
al extremities; hair bands on metasomal terga white.........
........................................H. (S.) confusus alpinus Alfken
8. Mesoscutum extended forward, with median emargination
anteriorly; metasomal terga with broad dense yellowish-
white apical hair bands, bands on T1~T4 complete...........
..........................H. (S.) leucaheneus leucaheneus Ebmer
-
Mesoscutum not extended forward, straight at anterior
margin; metasomal terga apical hair bands not as above...
.....................................................................................9
9. Propodeum longer, its dorsal surface 0.9~1.0 times as
long as scutellum.............................................................
................H. (S.) tumulorum higashi Sakagimi and Ebmer
-
Propodeum shorter, its dorsal surface 0.7~0.8 times as
long as scutellum.........................................................10
10. Mesoscutum shiny or silky-shiny, nearly without pubes-
cence; < 4 teeth on inner hind tibial spur.......................11
-
Mesoscutum dull, not shiny, with denser pubescence; > 4
teeth on inner hind tibial spur........................................12
11. Lateral surface of pronotum without ridges; vertex short-
ened; inner hind tibial spur with 3 or 4 teeth; T4 covered
with tomentose pubescence throughout............................
.............................................H. (S.) semitectus Morawitz
-
Lateral surface of pronotum with a few long ridges; vertex
lengthened; inner hind tibial spur with 2 teeth; T4 without
the pubescence as above................H. (S.) aerarius Smith
12. Shape of connection between propodeal posterior and lat-
eral surface round........................................................13
-
Shape of connection between propodeal posterior and lat-
eral surface crested.....................................................14
13. Propodeal dorsum with sagital rugose sculpturing; inner
hind tibial spur with 6 or 7 teeth........H. (S.) vicinus Vachal
-
Propodeal dorsum with reticulose rugose sculpturing;
inner hind tibial spur with 10 or 11 teeth...........................
................................H. (S.) pjalmensis pjalmensis Strand
14. Clypeus apically gradually reduced; basilateral patch on
T1 large, T3 lacking basal hair band.................................
..............................H. (S.) subauratus subauratus (Rossi)
-
Clypeus apically not reduced; basilateral patch on T1
moderate, T3 with basal hair band................................15
15. Metasomal terga bluish green; basal hair bands on T2
and T3 narrow, hair bands on T2 about 1/5 as broad as
length of T2; T4 not covered with tomentum.....................
..................................................H. (S.) propinquus Smith
-
Metasomal terga golden green; T2 and T3 with broad
basal hair bands, hair bands on T2 about 1/3 as broad as
length of T2; T4 covered with tomentum...........................
...........................................H. (S.) seladonius (Fabricius)
Halictus (Seladonia) aerarius Smith, 1873
(Fig. 1A-G, female; H-P, male)
Halictus aerarius Smith, 1873: 201,
♂
. Loc. typ.: Japan, Hiogo.
Type: London.
Halictus confluens Morawitz, 1889, 24: 368-369,♀. Loc. typ.:
China, Kansu. Type: Leningrad.
Halictus alexoides Strand, 1910, 54: 194,♀. Loc. typ.: Japan.
Type: Berlin.
Halictus pseudoconfluens Strand, 1910, 54: 199,♀,
♂
. Loc.
typ.: China, Kiautschou and Tsingtou. Type: Berlin.
Halictus nikkoensis Cockerell, 1911, 40: 241. Loc. typ.: Japan,
Nikko. Type: Washington DC.
Halictus leucopogon Strand, 1913, A79: 170,♀,
♂
. Loc. typ.:
Taiwan, Taihorin. Type: Eberswalde, Germany.
Halictus tsushimae Friese, 1916, 32,♀,
♂
. Loc. typ.: Japan,
Tsushima. Type: Berlin.
Halictus eruditus Cockerell, 1924, 14(9): 581,♀. Loc. typ.:
Sibirien, Okeanskya. Type: Washington DC.
Halictus aerarius Smith: Ebmer, 1978, 29: 190.
Halictus aerarius Smith: Michener, 1978, Univ. 51(16): 528.
Halictus (Seladonia) aerarius Smith: Ebmer, 1988, 68(4/6): 346.
Halictus (Seladonia) aerarius Smith: Fan, 1991, 34(4): 479-480,
♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) aerarius Smith: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2000, 40: 65-70,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Beijing, Bada
Ling: 8♀♀, 8 May 1961, 3♀♀, 16 May 1961, 1
♀, 15 June 1964, Su-mei Ge coll.; Beijing, Bada
Ling, Sanpu: 500 m, 8♀♀, 1 Aug. 2002, Ze-qing
Niu coll., 1♀, 21 Aug. 1964, Qing Zhou coll., 12
♂♂
,
21~22 Aug. 1964, Qin Zhou coll., 6
♂♂
, 19 Aug.
1964, 1
♂
, 18 Sept. 1964, Su-bai Liao coll.;
Beijing, Bada Ling, Juyongguan: 1♀, 20 Aug.
1964, Su-mei Ge coll., 1
♂
, 20 Aug. 1964, Su-bai
Liao coll.; Beijing, Xiangshan, Wofosi: 8♀♀, 12
July 1961, 1♀, 25 June 1961, 2♀♀, 29 June
1961, 1♀, 3 Aug. 1961, 1♀, 10 Aug. 1961, 1♀,
20 May 1964, 1♀, 2 June 1964, 2♀♀, 5 June
1964, 1♀, 17 July 1964, 1
♂
, 29 June 1961, Su-
mei Ge coll., 1♀, 30 Aug. 1961, 2
♂♂
, 25 June
1962, Shu-yong Wang coll.; Beijing, Xiangshan,
Badachu: 2♀♀, 21 June 1961, 2♀♀, 7 July
1961, 1♀, 24 July 1961, Su-mei Ge coll., 1♀, 19
Aug. 1962, collector not recorded; Beijing,
Wenquan: 4♀♀, 9 June 1961, Su-mei Ge coll.;
Beijing, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, Liyuanling:
1140~1250 m, 16♀♀, 1 Aug. 2002, Ze-qing Niu
coll.; Beijing, Mentougou: 1♀, 19 July 1955, Yi-ran
Zhang coll.; Beijing, Miaofengshan: 1♀, 25 Aug.
1972, Jin-long Mao coll.; Beijing, Shisanling: 1♀, 5
May 1978, Shu-fang Wang coll.; Beijing,
Dongwuyuan: 1♀, 7 June 1955, Yi-ran Zhang
coll.; Beijing, Baojiayao: 1♀, 23 June 1955, Yi-ran
Zhang coll.; Beijing: 2♀♀, 14 May 1963, 1♀, 19
May 1963, 2♀♀, 23 July 1963, 1♀, 26 July 1963,
1
♂
, 19 Sept. 1963, Su-mei Ge coll., 1♀, 6 May
1963, Jing-yan Wang coll., 2♀♀, 6 May 1963, Tai-
lu Cheng coll., 2
♂♂
, 9 Sept. 1953, Yan-ru Wu
coll.; Hebei, Donling: 2♀♀, 8 July 1963, Tai-lu
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
651
Cheng coll.; Hubei, Jingzhou: 1♀, 25 May 1961, 1
♂
, 25 May 1961, 3
♂♂
, 3 June 1961, Xiang-lin
Meng coll.; Hunan, Liuyang: 1♀, 6 Aug. 1984, 1
♂
,
30 Sept. 1984, Xin-wang Tong coll.; Shaanxi,
Foping: 1♀, 7 Aug. 1973, 1
♂
, 7 Aug. 1973, Xue-
zhong Zhang coll.; Jiangsu, Nantong: 3♀♀, 18
June 1961, Tai-lu Cheng coll.; Jiangsu, Shanghai:
2♀♀, summer 1943, Marist Brothers coll., 1♀, 20
June 1939, 4
♂♂
, 9 June 1933, O. Piel. coll., 1♀,
10 Aug. 1931, 1♀, 21 July 1931, collector not
recorded; Jiangsu, Nanjing: 18 July 1918, O. Piel.
coll.; Jiangsu, Haihou: 1♀, 14 Aug. 1926, Hai-
teheou coll.; Anhui, (Ningkwo): 1♀, 14 July 1920,
O. Piel. coll.; Shandong, Tai Shan: 35♀♀, 3~15
June 1973, Shu-fang Wang coll.; Shandong, 60♀♀,
3~10 June 1973, Yan-ru Wu coll.; Shandong, Lao
Shan: 12♀♀, 3, 22 June 1973, Shu-fang Wang
coll.; 7♀♀, 3, 22 June 1973, Yan-ru Wu coll.;
Shandong, Qingdao: 1♀, 27 June 1973, Shu-fang
Wang coll.; Shandong, Taian: 1♀, 29 May 1963,
Xiang-ling Men coll.; Shandong, Jinan (Tsinanfou,
Long-tong, 500~700 m), 18♀♀, 2
♂♂
, date of
collection and collector not recorded; Shandong: 2
♀♀, 28 May 1958, Jin-long Mao coll.; Shanxi,
Taigu: 1♀, 19 May 1959, collector not recorded;
Heilongjiang, Harbin: 1♀, 20 June 1955, 1♀, 27
July 1974, 1
♂
, 11 Aug. 1955, collector not record-
ed; Heilongjiang, Shangzhi: 4♀♀, 5 July 1962,
Tai-lu Cheng coll.; Heilongjiang, Jingpo Hu: 1
♂
, 2
Sept. 1970, collector not recorded; Jiling,
Gongzhuling: 1♀, 9 June 1962, Tai-lu Cheng coll.;
Fujian, Chong
,
an: 2♀♀, 17 Aug. 1960, Yong Zuo
Fig. 1. Halictus aerarius Smith. A-G: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; D:
Dorsal view of propodeum; E: Lateral surface of pronotum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur;
H-P: Male. H: Frontal view of head; I: Lateral view of head; J: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; K: Dorsal view of propodeum; L: Lateral sur-
face of pronotum; M: Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; N: Drawing of gonostylus, scale line represents 0.25 mm; O: Dorsal view of S7-
S8; P: Drawing of S7-S8, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABCD
EFGH
IJKL
MNO P
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
652
coll., 1♀, 21 July 1960, 1
♂
, 21 July 1960, 2
♂♂
,
27 July 1960, 3
♂♂
, 29 July 1960, 2
♂♂
, 30 July
1969, Yi-ran Zhang coll.; Fujian, Fuzhou: 1♀, 6
May 1961, Yan-ru Wu coll.; Yunnan, Jingdong: 1
♀, 18 Sept. 1956, Ding-xi Liao coll.; Sichuan,
Siping: 1100 m, 2♀♀, 25 June 1984, Jian-guo
Fan coll.; Zhejiang, Lin
,
an: 1
♂
, Aug. 1961, collec-
tor not recorded.
Distribution: China: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian,
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiling, Shandong,
Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang;
Japan; Korean peninsula; Russia: Siberia; Taiwan.
Floral associations: Alcea rosea, Agastache
rugosa, Brassica chinensis, Cymbidium virescens,
Cucurbita moschata, Helianthus annuus, Ixeris
sonchifolia, Lactuca chinensis, Lespedeza bicolor,
Raphanus sativus, Rasa xanthina, Rosa chinensis,
Trifolium repens, Vitex negundo, and Zizyphus
jujuba.
Redescription: See Fan (1991), Dawut and
Tadauchi (2000).
Remarks: This is the most-widespread
species in China, and is also the most abundant.
Both sexes have very strong golden-green reflec-
tions on the face, mesoscutum, scutellum, and
metasomal terga; the pronotum has a few stronger
and longer lateral ridges (Fig. 1E, L). The upper
gonostylus has a slender stylus (= dorsal lobe); the
lower gonostylus is slightly broadened distally (Fig.
1M, N). The description of Dawut and Tadauchi
(2000) differs in that the upper gonostylus is said
to lack the dorsal lobe.
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus alpinus Alfken,
1907 rec. nov.
(Fig. 2A-H, female)
Halictus alpinus Alfken, 1907, 7: 205,♀,
♂
. Loc. typ.: Schweiz,
Furka. Syntype: Berlin.
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus alpinus Alfken: Ebmer, 1988,
68(4/6): 368.
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus alpinus Alfken: Ebmer, 1988,
Linzer Biol. Beitr. 20(2): 571.
Sealdonia confusa alpinus Alfken: Pesenko et al. 2000: 181,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Beijing,
Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, Liyuanling: 1140~1250
m, 7♀♀, 19 Apr. 2002, Ze-qing Niu coll.; Beijing,
Xiangshan: 1♀, 27 Apr. 1973, Yan-ru Wu coll.;
Shandong, Yantai: 1♀, 16 May 1961, Yun-ling
Cheng coll.
Distribution: China: Beijing, Shandong;
Poland; Switzerland; Spain.
Floral association: Spiraea salicifola.
Redescription: Redescription is as fellows:
Female: Body moderate, BL: 6.3~6.5 mm,
WL: 4.8~5.0 mm.
Coloration: Generally paler, bluish green with
metallic reflections on face, mesoscutum, and
scutellum; metasomal terga reddish black, without
metallic reflections; clypeus black; mandible with
apical 1/2 dark blackish red, basal 1/2 black; lower
surface of flagellum brownish black to black; scape
and pedicel black; lateral lobe of pronotum black
apically; tegulae and stigma paler yellowish brown;
Fig. 2. Halictus confusus alpinus Alfken. Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Frontal view of clypeus; D:
Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur;
H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABCD
EFG H
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
653
the R of forewing blackish brown, other veins yel-
lowish brown; all legs black, apart from mediotar-
sus and distitarsus dark brown; pro- and mesotibia
with blackish-yellow spots basally; posterior mar-
gins of metasomal terga yellowish transparent.
Vestiture: Generally white to yellowish white;
tegulae with yellowish-white hairs anteriorly; basi-
lateral patch on T1 small; metasomal terga with
apical bands of white hairs, on T1 and T2 broadly
interrupted, on T3 narrower, on T4 complete and
broad, covering posterior margin of T4; tergal sur-
face with short, sparse yellowish-brown hairs;
metasomal sterna with longer, sparser yellowish-
brown hairs.
Structure: Head wider than long, HW: HL =
51: 49. Vertex flattened in frontal view (Fig. 2A),
shiny and more or less roughened, with round PP;
HW: MsW: MtW = 51: 46: 50; IOD: OOD = 7: 10.
Frons slightly convex, frontal carina relatively
short, shorter than carina-ocellus distance. Eyes
with inner margins subparallel, MOD: UOD: LOD =
37: 34: 34. Paraocular area with epistomal angle
roundly obtuse, lower margin slightly ascending
laterally, with distinct round PP, IS = 0.2~1. Genal
area nearly as broad as eye (Fig. 2B), GW: EW =
13: 12. Clypeus normally shaped (Fig. 2C), mod-
erately convex, shiny, smooth, with small sparse
PP, IS = 1~3. Supraclypeus nearly as high as
clypeus, shiny, smooth, anterior with sparse round
PP, as that of clypeus, posterior 1/2 with denser
PP, IS = 0.2~0.5. Pronotum without lateral ridges,
lateral surface weakly shiny and shagreened.
Mesoscutum shiny, smooth, with round, deeper,
scattered PP, IS = 0.2~2.0. Scutellum medially not
depressed longitudinally, with denser and small PP
marginally, IS = 0.2~0.5, center with sparser PP, IS
= 0.5~2.0. Scutellum: metanotum: propodeal dor-
sum = 10: 5: 9. Propodeal dorsum with enclosure
moderately depressed, with sagital rugose sculp-
tures both laterally and reticulosus rugose sculp-
tures medially; connection of propodeal posterior
and lateral surface crested; lateral surface of
propodeum weakly shiny and shagreened, except
above with small PP. Inner hind tibial spur with 3
teeth (Fig. 2G, H). Metasomal terga smooth, with
small, shallower and sparse PP, IS = 0.5~2.0;
metasomal sterna tessellate, S4 slightly emar-
ginated posteriorly, without anterolateral angle.
Male has not been collected from China; for
its attributes see Ebmer (1988).
Remarks: This is a new record for China. The
female is characterized by the inner hind tibial spur
with 3 teeth (Fig. 2G, H); sparse metasomal terga
apical hair bands, broadly interrupted medially on
T1 and T2, and becoming narrower on T3 medially
(Fig. 2F).
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus perkinsi
Blüthgen, 1926 rec. nov.
(Fig. 3A-L, male)
Halictus perkinsi Blüthgen, 1926, 1925: 417, nom. nov. of H.
flavipes auctorum nec Fabricius.
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus perkinsi Blüthgen: Ebmer, 1988,
68(4/6): 368.
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus perkinsi Blüthgen: Ebmer, 1988,
20(2): 571.
Seladonia confusa perkinsi Alfken: Pesenko et al., 2000: 181,
♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Kuytun: 530 m, 1
♂
, 24 Aug. 2002, Ze-qing Niu
coll.; Xinjiang, Jeminay (47
°
22
,
N, 85
°
33
,
E), 1080
m, 1
♂
, 28 Aug. 2002, Ze-qing Niu coll.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang; Europe (exclud-
ing the Alps).
Floral association: Alcea rosea.
Redescription: Redescription is as follows:
Female has not been collected from China;
for its attributes see Ebmer (1988).
Male: Body moderate, BL: 7.0~7.5 mm, WL:
4.8~5.0 mm.
Coloration: Generally paler, golden green, or
bluish green, with metallic reflections on face,
mesoscutum, scutellum, and metasomal terga;
about lower 1/2 of clypeus, labrum, median of
mandible, and pronotal lateral lobe apically lemon
yellow; lower surface of flagellum pale ochre or
yellow, scape and pedicel black; tegulae yellowish,
transparent; coxae black, femora and middle parts
of tibiae yellowish brown, other parts of legs lemon
yellow.
Vestiture: Generally paler, white, or grayish
white. Tomentose pubescence more developed on
paraocular area, on lateral surface of pronotum,
and on lateral surface of propodeum; basilateral
patch on T1 moderate; metasomal terga with api-
cal bands of white tomentum, on T1~T3 broadly
interrupted medially, on T4~T5 narrowly interrupt-
ed; T2~T3 also with distinct basal bands; tergal
surface with short sparse yellowish-brown hairs.
Structure: Head longer than wide, HW: HL =
44: 46, HW: MsW: MtW = 44: 45: 40. Vertex round
in frontal view, shiny and more or less roughened.
Flagellum very long, reaching base of T1, F1~3L:
F10L: F2W = 4: 9: 9: 10: 4. Clypeus rather con-
vex, shiny and smooth, with slightly oblique spini-
form PP, PP relatively larger, shallower and
denser, IS = 0.2~0.5; Supraclypeus slightly higher
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
654
than clypeus, shiny, smooth, with smaller, round,
deeper PP, IS = 0.2; genal area obviously narrow-
er than eye, GW: EW = 8: 14. Pronotum without
lateral ridges, lateral surface weakly shiny, covered
with tomentose pubescence. Mesoscutum shiny,
smooth, with round and denser PP, IS = 0.5~1.0;
scutellum not depressed longitudinally, shiny,
smooth, with round, sparser PP, IS = 1.0~1.5.
Scutellum: metanotum: propodeal dorsum = 9: 4:
9. Propodeal enclosure moderately depressed,
silk-shiny, entirely covered with rugose sculpturing;
lateral surface covered with tomentose pubes-
cence except above with small and sparser PP;
connection of lateral and posterior surfaces round-
ed; posterior surface of propodeum shiny, smooth,
with rather-sparse PP, IS = 2.0~3.0. Metasomal
terga shiny, smooth, with sparser PP, IS = 0.5~1.5
basally or more apically; T2~T4 with distinct trans-
verse depressions basally; S5 strongly emarginat-
ed posteriorly; S6 with longitudinal depression
behind sternal gradulus (Fig. 3G); S7 broadly flat-
tened posteromedially; S8 slightly convex and with
a few setae posteromedially (Fig. 3H, I). Upper
gonostylus straight distally, with rather-small stylus
(Fig. 3J, K); lower gonostylus greatly triangularly
broadened at distal 1/2 (Fig. 3L).
Remarks: This is a new record for China. The
male is characteristic in that the upper gonostylus
is straight distally; the lower gonostylus is greatly
triangularly broadened at distal 1/2 (Fig. 3J-L);
lower surface of flagellum paler yellowish-brown
(Fig. 3C).
Halictus (Seladonia) dorni Ebmer, 1982
(Fig. 4A-H, female; I-P, male)
Halictus dorni Ebmer, 1982, 58: 204-205,♀. Loc. typ.:
Belflache. Type: Univ. Halle.
Halictus (Seladonia) dorni Ebmer: Ebmer, 1988, 68(4/6): 362.
Halictus (Seladonia) dorni Ebmer: Fan, 1991, 34(4): 379,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) dorni Ebmer: Dawut and Tadauchi, 2002,
42: 143-145,♀.
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Baicheng, Tamtageshi: 2700 m, 1♀, 31 May 1978,
1♀, 2 June 1978, Xue-zhong Zhang coll.; Xinjiang,
Laowuqia: 2600 m, 1♀, 18 June 1959, Shu-yong
Wang coll.; Xinjiang, Zhaosu, Xiata: 1950 m, 2
♂♂
,
18 Aug. 1978, Xue-zhong Zhang coll.; Inner
Fig. 3. Halictus (Seladonia) confuses perkinsi Blüthgen. Male. A: Dorsal view of whole body; B: Frontal view of head; C: Lateral view
of head; D: Frontal view of clypeus; E: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; F: Dorsal view of propodeum; G: Dorsal view of S6; H: Dorsal view
of S7-S8; I: Drawing of S7-S8, scale line represents 0.25 mm; J: Dorsal view of gonostylus; K: Drawing of gonostylus, scale line repre-
sents 0.25 mm; L: Drawing of lower gonostylus, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABCD
EFGH
IJKL
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
655
Mongolia, Hinggan Meng, Jalaid Qi: 1♀, 19 July
1983, Long Zhang coll.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia;
Mongolia.
Floral association: Not available.
Redescription: See Ebmer (1982), Fan
(1991), and Dawut and Tadauchi (2002).
Remarks: The male of this species is similar
to Halictus leucaheneus leucaheneus. But it is
recognized by the narrower and coarser apical hair
bands of the metasomal terga, broadly interrupted
on T1~T4 medially (Fig. 4P); crescentic propodeal
dorsum, strongly and irregularly rugose medially
(Fig. 4M.); and the stylus of the upper gonostylus
great, roundly broadened (Fig. 4N, O).
Halictus (Seladonia) leucaheneus leucaheneus
Ebmer, 1972
(Fig. 5A-F, female; G-L, male)
Halictus leucaheneus Ebmer, 1972, 48(2): 225-227,♀. Loc.
typ.: Turkistan, Balchaschess-Gebirt. Type: Berlin.
Halictus leucaheneus Ebmer: Ebmer, 1978, 29(1/3): 189,
♂
.
Halictus leucaheneus Ebmer: Michener, 1978, 51(16): 528.
Halictus (Seladonia) leucaheneus leucaheneus Ebmer: Ebmer,
1988, 68(4/6): 359.
Halictus (Seladonia) leucaheneus leucaheneus Ebmer: Ebmer,
1988, 20(2): 568.
Halictus (Seladonia) leucaheneus Ebmer: Fan, 1991, 34(4):
479.♀.
Halictus (Seladonia) leucaheneus Ebmer: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2000, 40: 70-75,♀,
♂
.
Fig. 4. Halictus (Seladonia) dorni Ebmer. A-H: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Frontal view of clypeus; D:
Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur;
H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm; I-P: Male. I: Frontal view of head; J: Lateral view of head; K: Frontal
view of clypeus; L: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; M: Dorsal view of propodeum; N: Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; O: Drawing of gonos-
tylus, scale line represents 0.25 mm; P: Dorsal view of metasomal terga.
ABC D
EFGH
IJKL
MNO P
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
656
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Barkol: 2300~2570 m, 3♀♀, 13 June 1979, Shu-
fang Wang coll., 1♀, 9 July 1975, Yong-ling Cheng
coll.; Xinjiang, Akqi: 2010 m, 2♀♀, 20 July 1959,
Shu-yong Wang coll., 1♀, 20 July 1959, Guang
Wang coll.; Xinjiang, Fuyun: 1200 m, 1♀, 14 July
1960, Shu-yong Wang coll.; Xinjiang, Aksu: 1330 m,
1♀, 22 July 1959, Guang Wang coll.; Xinjiang,
Zhaosu: 1620 m, 7 Aug. 1957, 2♀♀, Guang
Wang coll.; Xinjiang, Qapqal: 1620 m, 1♀, 29 Aug.
1955, Shi-jun Ma coll.; Xinjiang, Habahe: 500 m, 1
♂
, 1 Sept. 1960, Shu-yong Wang coll.; Xinjiang,
Gongliu: 680~760 m, 1
♂
, 20 Aug. 1957, Chun-pei
Hong, coll.; Xinjiang, Changji Huizu Zizhizhou,
Fukang: 650 m, 2
♂♂
, 22 Aug. 2002, Ze-qing Niu
coll.; Inner Mongolia, Togrog Ul: 1♀, 11 June
1971, collector not recorded; Inner Mongolia,
Ulanqab Meng, Qahar Youyi Qianqi: 1♀, 28 Aug.
1986, Jie Xin coll.; Inner Mongolia, Dong Ujimqin:
2
♂♂
, 18, 19 Aug. 1971, You-wei Zhang coll.;
Inner Mongolia , Hulun Buir Meng: 1
♂
, 15 July
1986, Wen-sheng Tang coll., 1
♂
, 26 Aug. 1986,
Zheng-xin Wang coll.; Inner Mongolia, Xilin Gol
Meng: 2♀♀, 23 June 1971, You-wei Zhang coll.;
Heilongjiang, Harbin: 1♀, 19 July 1955, collector
not recorded; Hebei, Yuxiang, Baile: 920 m, 2♀♀,
16 June 1964.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia,
Hebei, Heilongjiang; Mongolia; Kazakhstan;
Turkistan.
Floral associations: Tamarix chinensis,
Potentilla chinensis.
Redescription: See Ebmer (1972 1978), Fan
(1991), and Dawut and Tadauchi (2000).
Remarks: The female of this species is recog-
nized by the mesoscutum which extends forward,
the metasomal terga with broad apical bands of
yellowish-white hairs, the complete bands on
T1~T4 (Fig. 5D), the propodeal dorsum of the
male which is triangular and granulated medially
(Fig. 5H), and the stylus of the upper gonostylus
which is triangularly broadened distally (Fig. 5I, J).
Halictus (Seladonia) magnus Ebmer, 1980
(Fig. 6A-F, female; G-L, male)
Fig. 5. Halictus (Seladonia) leucaheneus leucaheneus Ebmer. A-F: Female. A: Dorsal view of whole body; B: Dorsal view of
propodeum; C: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; D: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; E: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur; F: Drawing of
inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm; G-L: Male. G: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; H: Dorsal view of propodeum; I:
Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; J: Drawing of gonostylus, scale line represents 0.25 mm; K: Drawing of lower gonostylus in lateral
view, scale line represents 0.25 mm; L: Drawing of S7-S8, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABCD
EFG H
IJKL
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
657
Halictus magnus Ebmer, 1980, 12(2): 498, ♀,
♂
. Loc. typ.:
China, Jiangsu. Type: Stockholm.
Halictus (Seladonia) magnus Ebmer: Ebmer, 1988, 68(4/6):
345.
Halictus (Seladonia) magnus Ebmer: Fan, 1991, 34(4): 479-
480,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) magnus Ebmer: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2000, 40: 75-79,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Shandong,
Jinan (Tsinafou): 500~700 m, 2♀♀, 2
♂♂
, date of
collecting and collector not recorded.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang, Shandong,
Jiangsu.
Floral association: Not available.
Redescription: See Ebmer (1980), Fan
(1991), and Dawut and Tadauchi (2000).
Remarks: Both sexes have a large-sized body
(9.0~10.0 mm), and the metasomal terga are red-
dish black. The inner hind tibial spur of the female
has 6 or 7 teeth (Fig. 6E, F); it differs from the
account by Dawut and Tadauchi (2000) indicating
that the inner hind tibial spur of the female has 2 or
3 relatively long, round-tipped teeth.
Halictus (Seladonia) mongolicus
Morawitz, 1880
(Fig. 7A-H, female)
Halictus mongolicus Morawitz, 1880, 26: 365-366,♀. Loc. typ.:
northwestern Mongolia. Type: Leningrad.
Halictus mongolicus Morawitz: Blüthgen, 1929, 8(1): 78-80,
♂
.
Halictus mongolicus Morawitz: Michener, 1978, 51(16): 528.
Halictus mongolicus Morawitz: Ebmer, 1982, 58(2): 202.
Halictus (Seladonia) mongolicus Morawitz: Ebmer, 1988,
68(4/6): 350.
Halictus (Seladonia) mongolicus Morawitz: Fan, 1991, 34(4):
479,♀.
Halictus (Seladonia) mongolicus Morawitz: Dawut and
Tadauchi, 2002, 42: 129-135,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Turpan: 1♀, 29 June 1958, Chang-qing Li coll.;
Xinjiang, Baicheng, Qianfo Dong: 1235 m, 1♀, 25
July 1959, Shu-yong Wang coll.; Xinjiang, Akqi:
2010 m, 1♀, 19 July 1959, Shu-yong Wang coll.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang; Mongolia;
Turkistan.
Floral association: Not available from China.
Fig. 6. Halictus (Seladonia) magnus Ebmer. A-F: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; C: Dorsal view of
propodeum; D: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; E: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur; F: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line
represents 0.25 mm; G-L: Male. G: Drawing of antenna in lateral view, scale line represents 0.6 mm; H: Dorsal view of metasomal
terga; I: Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; J: Drawing of gonostylus, scale line represents 0.25 mm; K: Dorsal view of S7-S8; L: Drawing
of S7-S8, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
A BCD
EFGH
IJKL
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
658
Ebmer (1982) recorded it from Halymodendron.
Redescription: See Blüthgen (1929), Fan
(1991), Dawut and Tadauchi (2002).
Remarks: The male of this species was col-
lected in Turkistan. The female of this species is
similar to Halictus varentzowi, but it is recognized
by the gena being wider than the eye in lateral
view, and by the reddened metasomal terga (Fig.
7B, F).
Halictus (Seladonia) pjalmensis pjalmensis
Strand, 1909
(Fig. 8A-F, female; G-P, male)
Halictus pjalmensis Strand, 1909, 75A: 47,
♂
. Loc. typ.:
Chinesisch Turkistan, Pjalma-Chotan. Type: Kgl. Zool.,
Berlin.
Halictus subauratovestitus Blüthgen, 1929, 8(1): 80,♀. Loc.
typ.: Kaschgar. Type: Berlin.
Halictus pjalmensis Strand: Hirashima, 1957, 16: 15.
Halictus pjalmensis Strand: Michener, 1978, 51(16): 528.
Halictus (Seladonia) pjalmensis pjalmensis Strand: Ebmer,
1988, 68(4/6): 345.
Halictus (Seladonia) pjalmensis Strand: Fan, 1991, 34(4): 479,
♀.
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Habahe, 500 m, 1♀, 31 Aug. 1960, Shu-yong
Wang coll.; Xinjiang, Ürümqi, 980 m, 1♀, 8 Apr.
1959, Chang-qing Li coll.; Xinjiang, Ürümqi, 1♀,
29 May 1957, Chun-pei Hong, coll.; Xinjiang,
Ürümqi, Xincheng Park (44
°
53
,
N, 87
°
32
,
E): 713
m, 2♀♀, 6 Sept. 2002, Ze-qing Niu coll.; Xinjiang,
Jeminay, 1015 m, 1
♂
, 27 Aug. 2002, Ze-qing Niu
coll.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang; Turkistan.
Floral association: Celosia cristata.
Redescription: See Strand (1909) and Fan
(1991).
Remarks: The most distinctive character of
the female is the inner hind tibial spur with 10 or 11
teeth (Fig. 8E, F). The male can be recognized by
the short antenna, only reaching the scutellum, S7
being bluntly round medially, and without a point-
ed process; and S8 with a small trapezoidal
process medially (Fig. 8I; J, N-P).
Halictus (Seladonia) placidulus Blüthgen, 1923
(Fig. 9A-H, female)
Halictus placidulus Blüthgen, 1923, 89A: 240,♀. Loc. typ.:
China, Xinjiang. Type: Berlin.
Halictus placidulus Blüthgen: Blüthgen, 1931, 17: 395,
♂
.
Halictus (Vestitohalictus) placidulus Blüthgen: Michener, 1978,
51(16): 530.
Halictus (Seladonia) placidulus Blüthgen: Ebmer, 1988, 68(4/6):
358.
Halictus (Seladonia) placidulus Blüthgen: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2002, 42: 140-143,♀.
Sepcimen examined: China, Xinjiang (44
°
26'N,
83
°
58'E) : 1♀,26 Aug.2002, Ze-qing Niu coll.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang; Turkmenistan:
Bairam Ali.
Floral association: Not available.
Redescription: See Blüthgen (1923 1931),
and Dawut and Tadauchi (2002).
Fig. 7. Halictus (Seladonia) mongolicus Morawitz. Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Frontal view of
clypeus; D: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind
tibial spur; H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
A B CD
E FGH
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
659
Fig. 8. Halictus (Seladonia) pjalmensis pjalmensis Strand. A-F: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; C:
Dorsal view of propodeum; D: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; E: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur; F: Drawing of inner hind tibial
spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm. G-P: Male. G: Frontal view of head; H: Dorsal view of propodeum; I: Lateral view of antenna; J:
Drawing of antenna, scale line represents 0.6 mm; K: Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; L: Drawing of gonostylus, scale line represents
0.25 mm; M: Drawing of lower gonostylus in lateral view, scale line represents 0.25mm; N: Dorsal view of S7-S8; O: Ventral view of S7-
S8; P: Drawing of S7-S8 in dorsal view, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
A BC D
EFGH
IJK L
MNOP
Fig. 9. Halictus (Seladonia) placidulus Blüthgen. Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Frontal view of clypeus;
D: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind tibial
spur; H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABCD
E FGH
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
660
Remarks: The male of this species was col-
lected in Turkmenistan (Bairam Ali). The female
can be recognized by the dense and large basilat-
eral patch on T1, and by the short and dense yel-
lowish-white hairs nearly completely covering the
surface of T3 and T4 (Fig. 9F).
Halictus (Seladonia) propinquus Smith, 1853
(Fig. 10A-G, female; H-P, male)
Halictus propinquus Smith, 1853, 1: 60-61,
♂
. Loc. typ.: North
India. Type: London.
Halictus grandiceps Cameron, 1896, 41(4): 98-99,♀. Loc. typ.:
North India, Mussouri. Type: Oxford.
Halictus alexis Cameron, 1896, 41(4): 99-100,♀. Loc. typ.:
India, Barrackpore. Type: Oxford.
Halictus pinguis Vachal, 1902, 2: 230,♀. Loc. typ.: North India,
Mussoorie. Type: Krakau.
Halictus propinquss Smith: Michener, 1978, 51(16): 528.
Halictus propinquus Smith: Ebmer, 1980, 12(2): 481.
Halictus (Seladonia) propinquus Smith: Sakagami and Ebmer,
1987, 19(2): 321,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) propinquus Smith: Ebmer, 1988, 68(4/6):
345.
Halictus (Seladonia) propinquus Smith: Fan, 1991, 34(4): 479-
480,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) propinquus Smith: Dawut and Tadauchi
2001, 41: 167-169,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Guangdong,
Hainan, Yinggen: 200 m, 15♀♀, 5~10 May 1960,
Shuo-fu Li coll., 1
♂
, 4 May 1960, Chang-qing Li
coll.; Guangdong, Hainan, Qiongzhong, 400 m, 2
♀♀, 14, 16 July 1960, Xue-zhong Zhang coll.;
Guangdong, Hainan, Nada: 1
♂
, 14 May 1954, Tai-
lu Cheng coll.; Guangdong, Hainan, Tongshi, 340
Fig. 10. Halictus (Seladonia) propinquus Smith. A-G: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Frontal view of clypeus; C: Dorsal view of
mesoscutum; D: Dorsal view of propodeum; E: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; F: Lateral view on inner hind tibial spur; G: Drawing of
inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm. H-P: Male. H: Frontal view of head; I: Drawing of antenna in lateral view, scale line
represents 0.6 mm; J: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; K: Dorsal view of propodeum; L: Lateral surface of pronotum; M: Dorsal view of gen-
italia; N: Drawing of gonostylus in dorsolateral view, scale line represents 0.25 mm; O: Dorsal view of S7-S8; P: Drawing of S7-S8,
scale line represents 0.25 mm.
A BCD
EFGH
I JKL
MN OP
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
661
m, 3♀♀, 22~23 Apr. 1960 , Chang-qing Li coll.;
Guangdong, Hainan, Baoting, 80 m, 1♀, 7 May
1960, Xue-zhong Zhang coll.; Guangdong, Hainan,
1♀, 11 May 1934, Qi He coll.; Yunnan, Lijiang,
Baishui, 300 m, 1♀, 19 July 1984, Jian-guo Fan
coll.; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Meng
,
a, 1050~1080
m, 1♀, 11 May 1958, Shu-yong Wang, coll.
Distribution: China: Guangdong, Yunnan;
India; Myanmar; Nepal; Thailand.
Floral association: Not available.
Redescription: See Sakagami and Ebmer
(1987) and Fan (1991).
Remarks: All specimens were collected from
Guangdong and Yunnan; both sexes are charac-
terized by bluish-green reflections on the face,
mesoscutum, scutellum, and metasomal terga; the
male antenna is short, only reaching the scutellum;
S7 is slightly pointed medially, with a longer
process, S8 is round medially and with narrower
hairs posteromedially; the female has a crested
connection of the propodeal posterior and lateral
surfaces; basilateral path on T1 moderate; basal
hair bands narrower; and T4 not covered with a
tomentum.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricius,
1794)
(Fig. 11A-H, female)
Apis seladonius Fabricus, 1794, 4: 460,♀. Loc. typ.: Italy.
Lectotype: Kopenhagen.
Halictus geminotus Pérez, 1903, 42; Proc. 58: 209,♀,
♂
. Loc.
typ.: France: Coueron. Lectotype: Paris.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricus): Michener, 1978,
51(16): 528.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricus): Ebmer, 1978, 10(1):
23.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricus): Ebmer, 1980, 12(2):
473.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricus): Ebmer, 1988,
68(4/6): 340-341.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricus): Ebmer, 1988, 20(2):
565.
Seladonia seladonia (Fabricius): Pesenko et al., 2000: 170,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius Fabricus: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2001, Esakia 41: 161-167,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Tacheng, 1♀, 26 June 1955, Shi-jun Ma coll.;
Inner Mongolia, Banjiegou, 1♀, 17 July 1983, col-
lector not recorded.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia;
Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Afghanistan;
Iran; European Russia; Hungary; Romania;
Greece; former Yugoslavia; Austria; Slovakia;
Switzerland; Italy; France; Spain; Portugal; Poland;
N. Africa (Tunis).
Floral association: pasture.
Redescription: See Dawut and Tadauchi
(2001).
Remarks: The male of this species was col-
lected in France. The female is separated from
the other Chinese species of Seladonia by the
golden-green metasomal terga, the moderate basi-
lateral patch on T1, T2 and T3 with broader basal
Fig. 11. Halictus (Seladonia) seladonius (Fabricius). Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Frontal view of
clypeus; D: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind
tibial spur; H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
A B C D
E F G H
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
662
hair bands, T4 covered throughout with a tomen-
tum (Fig. 11F), and the inner hind tibial spur with 6
or 7 teeth (Fig. 11G, H).
Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz, 1873
rec. nov.
(Fig. 12A-G, female; H-P, male)
Halictus semitectus Morawitz, 1873, 10(1874): 172-173,♀,
♂
.
Loc. typ.: Kaukasus, Derbent. Type: Leningrad.
Halictus semitectus Morawitz: Dalla Torre, 1896, 10: 82.
Halictus semitectus Morawitz: Blüthgen, 1934, 27A (13): 3.
Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz: Michener, 1978,
51(16): 528.
Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz: Ebmer, 1982, 58(2):
202.
Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz: Ebmer, 1988,
68(4/6): 350-351.
Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz: Ebmer, 1988, 20(2):
567.
Seladonia semitecta Morawitz: Pesenko et al., 2000: 170,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2002, 42: 127-129,♀.
Specimens examined: China: Hebei,
Yangyuan, Nihewan: 1000 m, 2♀♀, 11 Apr. 2002,
Ze-qing Niu coll.; Xinjiang, Ürümqi, Xincheng Park
(44
°
53
,
N, 87
°
32
,
E): 713 m, 2♀♀, 5 Sept. 2002,
19
♂♂
, 1~6 Sept. 2002, Ze-qing Niu coll.;
Xinjiang, Shihezi: 590 m, 1
♂
, 23 Aug. 1959,
Chang-qing Li coll.
Distribution: China: Hebei, Xinjiang; Mongolia;
Fig. 12. Halictus (Seladonia) semitectus Morawitz. A-G: Female. A: Dorsal view of whole body; B: Frontal view of head; C: Dorsal
view of mesoscutum; D: Dorsal view of propodeum; E: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; F: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur; G:
Drawing of inner hind tibial spur, scale line represents 0.25 mm. H-P: Male. H: Dorsal view of whole body; I: Frontal view of head; J:
Lateral view of antenna; K: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; L: Dorsal view of propodeum; M: Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; N: Drawing
of gonostylus in dorsolateral view, scale line represents 0.25 mm; O: Dorsal view of S7-S8; P: Drawing of S7-S8 in dorsal view, scale
line represents 0.25 mm.
ABCD
EFGH
IJK L
MNOP
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
663
Afghanistan; Armenia; Ukraine; European Russia;
Poland; Hungary; Austria; Germany.
Floral association: Celosia cristata.
Redescription: Female: see Dawut and
Tadauchi (2002).
Male: Body small, BL: 4.8~5.5 mm, WL:
3.8~4.0 mm.
Coloration: Relatively clear, golden green,
with rather strong metallic reflections on face,
mesoscutum, scutellum, and metasomal terga;
about 1/2 of clypeus apically, labrum, and most
parts of mandible lemon yellow, apical part of
mandible reddish brown; lower surface of flagellum
yellow, scape and pedicel black; lateral lobe of
pronotum lemon yellow apically; forewings yellow-
ish white, transparent, tegulae yellowish brown,
transparent, C and R blackish brown, other veins
yellowish brown; posterior margins of metasomal
terga blackish brown, not transparent; all tarsi,
protibia, most parts of mesotibia and metatibia,
and apices of femora lemon yellow, medilateral
parts of mesotibia and metatibia with blackish
brown marks, other parts of legs black.
Vestiture: Generally sparse, yellowish or gray-
ish white; tomentose pubescence only developed
on paraocular area; basilateral patch on T1 very
small and sparse; apical grayish-white hair bands
on metasomal terga rather sparse, completely
interrupted on T1~T4; tergal surface with sparser
and longer yellowish-brown hairs.
Structure: Head longer than wide, HW: HL =
39: 43, HW: MsW: MtW = 39: 40: 35. Vertex round
in frontal view, shiny and smooth, with sparse PP,
IS = 0.2~1. Flagellum very long, reaching the
basis of T1, F1~3L: F10L: F2W = 4: 7: 7: 9: 4.
Clypeus mildly convex, shiny, and smooth with
round, denser PP, IS = 0.2~0.5. Supraclypeus
slightly higher than clypeus, shiny and smooth,
with similar PP to that of clypeus. Frons and
paraocular area with PP slightly larger than that of
clypeus, PP dense, IS = 0.2. Genal area nearly as
wide as eye, GW: EW = 11: 12. Pronotum without
lateral ridges, lateral surface shiny and sha-
greened. Mesoscutum shiny and smooth, with PP
similar to that of frons, IS = 0.5~1.5. Scutellum
without depression longitudinally, shiny and
smooth, with PP similar to that of mesoscutum.
Scutellum: metanotum: propodeal dorsum = 8: 5:
8. Propodeal dorsum enclosure more strongly
depressed, silky shiny, with oblique sagital rugose
sculpturing both laterally and reticulosus rugose
sculpturing medially; the connection of posterior
and lateral surface of propodeum rounded; lateral
surface throughout shiny and smooth, with round
and deeper PP, IS = 1~3 above and 0.5 below;
posterior surface shiny and smooth, with slightly
smaller PP, IS = 1~2. Mesepisternum and
metepisternum rather roughened, with large and
more deeply irregular PP. Metasomal terga shiny
and smooth, with distinctly smaller PP, IS = 2~5
apically and 0.5~1.5 basally; T2-T3 with distinct
transverse depression basally; S5 slightly emar-
ginated posteriorly; S6 flattened; S7 round and
slightly convex posteromedially; S8 with only 1
seta posteromedially (Fig. 12O, P). Stylus of
upper gonostylus slender and longer, lower gonos-
tylus slender, sharply pointed distally (Fig. 12M,
N).
Remarks: This species is a new record in
China. It is distinguished from the other Chinese
species of Seladonia by both sexes with smaller-
sized body (4.8~5.5 mm), metasomal terga with
strong metallic reflections; male vertex shorter, 2nd
flagellomere 1.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 12J),
lower gonostylus slender, sharply pointed distally
(Fig. 12M, N); female metasomal terga silky shiny,
nearly without pubescence, inner hind tibial spur
with 3 or 4 teeth (Fig. 12F, G), T4 covered with
tomentose pubescence throughout (Fig. 12E).
Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus subauratus
(Rossi, 1792)
(Fig. 13A-H, female)
Apis subaurata Rossi, 1792, 144,♀. Loc. typ.: Italy: Pisa
Halictus virescens Lepeletier, 1841, 2: 279-280,♀. Loc. typ.:
Umgebung Paris. Syntype; Paris.
Halictus gramineus Smith, 1849, 7, App.: 58,♀,
♂
. Loc. typ.:
England. Type: Oxford.
Halictus meridionalis Morawitz, 1873, 10(1874): 170,♀,
♂
. Loc.
typ.: Kaukasus, Derbent. Syntype: St. Petersburg.
Halictus subauratus syrius Blüthgen, 1933: 72,♀. Loc. typ.:
North Lebanon: Becharré. Type: Wien.
Halictus subauratus (Rossi): Blüthgen, 1955, (B) 5: 16.
Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus (Rossi): Michener, 1978,
51(16): 528.
Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus (Rossi): Ebmer, 1983, 75: 322.
Halictus subauratus (Rossi): Wu, 1985: 139.
Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus subauratus (Rossi): Ebmer,
1988, 68(4/6): 341-344.
Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus subauratus (Rossi): Ebmer,
1988, 20(2): 565.
Seladonia subaurata (Rossi): Pesenko et al., 2000: 170,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus (Rossi): Dawut and Tadauchi,
2001, 41: 169-177,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Beijing, Bada
Ling, Sanpu: 500 m, 18♀♀, 27 Apr. 2002, Ze-qing
Niu coll.
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
664
Fig. 13. Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus subauratus (ROSSI). Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Frontal
view of clypeus; D: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of
inner hind tibial spur; H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur in lateral view, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
A B CD
EFGH
Fig. 14. Halictus (Seladonia) tumulorum higashi Sakagimi et Ebmer. A-G: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Frontal view of clypeus;
C: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; D: Dorsal view of propodeum; E: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; F: Lateral view of inner hind tibial
spur; G: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur in lateral view, scale line represents 0.25 mm. H-P: Male. H: Frontal view of head; I: Frontal
view of clypeus; J: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; K: Dorsal view of propodeum; L: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; M: Dorsolateral view
of gonostylus; N: Drawing of gonostylus in dorsolateral view, scale line represents 0.25 mm; O: Dorsal view of S7-S8; P: Drawing of S7-
S8 in dorsal view, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABC D
EFGH
I J KL
MNOP
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
665
Distribution: China: Beijing, Xinjiang; Austria;
Belgium; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; India; Iran;
Italy; England; France; Germany; Greece;
Morocco; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russia:
Siberia, European area; Spain; Turkistan; Turkey.
Floral association: Not available.
Redescription: See Dawut and Tadauchi
(2001).
Remarks: The male of this species has not
been collected from China. The female is similar
to Halictus seladonius, but its vestiture is more-
deeply colored, brownish-yellow, clypeus apically
gradually reduced (Fig. 13C), and basilateral patch
on T1 larger and denser (Fig. 13F).
Halictus (Seladonia) tumulorum higashi
Sakagami et Ebmer, 1979
(Fig. 14A-G, female; H-P, male)
Halictus tumulorum higashi Sakagami and Ebmer, 1979, 47:
543-549,♀,
♂
. Loc. typ.: Japan, Sapporo. Type: Sapporo.
Halictus tumulorum higashi Sakagami et Ebmer: Ebmer, 1982,
58(2): 204.
Halictus (Seladonia) tumulorum higashi Sakagami et Ebmer:
Ebmer, 1988, 20(2): 570.
Halictus (Seladonia) tumulorum higashi Sakagami et Ebmer:
Fan, 1991, 34(4): 479,♀.
Halictus tumulorum higashi Sakagami et Ebmer: Ebmer, 1996,
28: 269.
Halictus (Seladonia) tumulorum higashi Sakagami et Ebmer:
Dawut and Tadauchi, 2002, 42: 145-150,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Jilin, Erdao-
baihe: 17♀♀, 24 July~2 Aug 1981, 1
♂
, 31 July
1981, Yan-ru Wu coll.; Jilin, Baihe: 800 m, 1♀, 28
July 1981, Yan-ru Wu coll.; Jilin, Gaolingzi (Kirin,
Kao-lin-tze), 1
♂
, 21 Aug. 1939, M. Volkoff coll.;
Heilongjiang, Harbin: 3♀♀, 6 June 1954, 2♀♀,
20 June 1954, collector not recorded; Inner
Mongolia, Hinggan Meng: 1♀, 23 June 1983, Gui-
yong Huang coll.; 1♀, 26 June 1983, Gang Sun
coll.
Distribution: China: Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner
Mongolia; Japan; Mongolia; North Korea; Russia:
Far East area.
Floral associations: Melilotus officinalis,
Potentilla chinensis, Solidago virgaurea, Vicia uni-
juga.
Redescription: See Sakagami and Ebmer
(1979), Fan (1991), and Dawut and Tadauchi
(2002).
Remarks: This subspecies is only found in
Northeast China. It can be distinguished from the
nominate subspecies by the more-developed api-
cal hair bands of the female metasomal terga (Fig.
14E), and the larger, shallower, and sparser punc-
tures on the head, behind the mesoscutum, and
scutellum in the male (Fig. 14H, J, K).
Halictus (Seladonia) varentzowi Morawitz, 1894
rec. nov.
(Fig. 15A-H, female)
Halictus varentzowi Morawitz, 1894, 29(1895): 67,♀,
♂
. Loc.
typ.: Turkistan, Dort-kuju and Cherabad. Syntype:
Leningrad.
Halictus pseudaraxanus Blüthgen, 1929, 8(1): 70,♀. Loc. typ.:
Baigakum. Type: Berlin.
Halictus (Seladonia) varentzowi Morawitz: Michener, 1978,
51(16): 529.
Halictus (Seladonia) varentzowi Morawitz: Ebmer, 1988,
68(4/6): 358.
Halictus (Seladonia) varentzowi Morawitz: Dawut and Tadauchi,
2002, 42: 138-140,♀.
Specimen examined: China: Hebei, Yangy-
uan, Nihewan: 1000 m, 1♀, 11 Apr. 2002, Ze-qing
Niu coll.
Distribution: China: Hebei; Turkistan; Turk-
menistan.
Floral association: Not available.
Redescription: See Dawut and Tadauchi
(2002).
Remarks: This is a new record for China. The
male of this species was collected in Turkistan.
The female is similar to Halictus mongolicus, but it
is recognized by the gena being narrower than eye
in lateral view (Fig. 15C.), and the yellowish-brown
metasomal terga (Fig. 15F).
Halictus (Seladonia) vicinus Vachal, 1894
(Fig. 16A-F, female; G-P, male)
Halictus vicinus Vachal, 1894, 24: 431-432,♀. Loc. typ.: Burma:
Bhamo. Type: Genoa.
Halictus abuensis Cameron, 1908, 18: 310-311,♀. Loc. typ.:
India: Abu. Type: London.
Halictus propinquus var. silvatica Blüthgen, 1926, 51: 677,♀.
Loc. typ.: Burma: Tenasserim-Thandanny. Type: Berlin.
Halictus daturae Cockerell, 1929, 4: 585,♀. Loc. typ.: Siam:
Nan. Type: NY.
Halictus daturae var. laosina Cockerell, 1929, 4: 585,♀. Loc.
typ.: Siam: Nan. Type: London.
Halictus speculiferus Cockerell, 1929, 4: 585,♀. Loc. typ.:
Siam: Nan. Type: London.
Halictus umbrosus Cockerell, 1929, 4: 588-589,♀. Loc. typ.:
Siam: Nan. Type: London.
Halictus vicinus Vachal: Michener, 1978, 51(16): 529.
Halictus vicinus Vachal: Ebmer, 1980, 12(2): 481.
Halictus vicinus Vachal: Sakagami and Ebmer, 1987, 19(2):
345-349,♀,
♂
.
Halictus (Seladonia) vicinus Vachal: Ebmer, 1988, 68(4/6): 346.
Halictus (Seladonia) vicinus Vachal: Fan, 1991, 34(4): 479,♀.
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
666
Fig. 15. Halictus (Seladonia) varentzowi Morawitz. Female. A: Dorsal view of whole body; B: Frontal view of head; C: Lateral view of
head; D: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; E: Dorsal view of propodeum; F: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; G: Lateral view of inner hind
tibial spur; H: Drawing of inner hind tibial spur in later view, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
ABC D
E
ABC D
E FGH
IJKL
MN OP
F G H
Fig. 16. Halictus (Seladonia) vicinus Vachal. A-F: Female. A: Frontal view of head; B: Lateral view of head; C: Dorsal view of mesos-
cutum; D: Dorsal view of propodeum; E: Dorsal view of metasomal terga; F: Lateral view of inner hind tibial spur. G-P: Male. G: Frontal
view of head; H: Lateral view of head; I: Lateral view of antenna; J: Dorsal view of mesoscutum; K: Dorsal view of propodeum; L: Dorsal
view of metasomal terga; M: Dorsolateral view of gonostylus; N: Drawing of gonostylus in dorsolateral view, scale line represents 0.25
mm; O: Ventral view of genitalia, showing S7-S8; P: Drawing of S7-S8 in dorsal view, scale line represents 0.25 mm.
Niu et al. -- A Taxonomic Study on Seladonia in China
667
Halictus (Seladonia) vicinus Vachal: Dawut and Tadauchi, 2001,
41: 180,♀,
♂
.
Specimens examined: China: Xinjiang,
Huocheng, Qingshuihe: 780 m, 1
♂
, 25 Aug. 2002,
Ze-qing Niu coll.; Xinjiang, Shihezi: 590 m, 1
♂
, 25
Aug. 1959, Chang-qing Li coll.; Xinjiang, Wulabai:
1♀, 2 June 1957, Chun-pei Hong coll.; Xinjiang,
Ürümqi: 2♀♀, 29 May 1957, Chun-pei Hong, coll.;
Xinjiang, Ürümqi, Xincheng Park (44
°
53
,
N 87
°
32
,
E):
713 m, 3♀♀, 5~6 Sept. 2002, 23
♂♂
, 1~6 Sept.
2002, Ze-qing Niu coll.
Distribution: China: Xinjiang; India; Myanmar;
Thailand.
Floral association: Celosia cristata.
Redescription: See Sakagami and Ebmer
(1987), Fan (1991), and Dawut and Tadauchi
(2001).
Remarks: As all specimens collected from
Xinjiang, it is not an Oriental species as mentioned
by Sakagami and Ebmer (1987), Dawut and
Tadauchi (2001).
Halictus (Seladonia) multicarinatus sp. nov.
(Fig. 17A-O, male)
Description: Description is as follows:
Male: Body larger, BL = 8.5~10.0 mm, WL =
6.0~6.2 mm.
Coloration: Generally paler, weakly bluish
green with metallic reflections on face, mesoscu-
tum, and scutellum; metasomal terga black, with-
out metallic reflections; clypeus black; mandible
black; lower surface of flagellum brownish black,
scape and pedicel black; lateral lobe of pronotum
black apically; forewing paler, yellowish brown and
transparent, R vein blackish, other veins yellowish
brown; tegulae yellowish brown, transparent; all
legs black, except mediotarsi and distitarsi brown-
ish black.
Vestiture: Pubescence of most surfaces of
body white or grayish white, relatively long and
sparse. Tomentose pubescence less developed;
basilateral patch on T1 small and sparse; metaso-
mal terga with sparse apical bands of white hairs,
on T1-T4 broadly interrupted.
Structure: Head longer than wide, HW: HL =
64: 70 (Fig. 17B), HW: MsW: MtW = 64: 60: 62.
Vertex relatively longer, round in frontal view; pos-
tocellar area distinctly depressed; flagellum longer,
reaching propodeum, F1L: F2L: F3L: F10L: F2W =
5: 8: 9: 12: 5 (Fig. 17E); frons obviously convex;
clypeus flat, shiny and smooth, with round and
homogeneous PP, IS = 1.0 (Fig. 17D); supra-
clypeus slightly higher than clypeus, shiny and
smooth, with PP similar to that of clypeus, IS =
0.5~1.0; frons and paraocular area weakly shiny
and smooth, with round, deeper, and denser PP, IS
= 0.2; genal area wider than eye, GW: EW = 19:
16 (Fig. 17C); lateral surface of pronotum weakly
shiny, with many parallel ridges sublongitudinally
(Fig. 17H); mesoscutum shiny and smooth, with
round PP, IS = 0.5 (Fig. 17F); scutellum medially
not depressed longitudinally, shiny and smooth,
with PP similar to that of mesoscutum, but IS =
0.5~1.0 medially and IS = 0.2 marginally; scutel-
lum : metanotum : propodeal: dorsum = 14: 9: 11;
propodeal dorsum with enclosure mildly
depressed, enclosure silky shiny, with oblique sag-
ital rugose sculpturing both laterally, and finer retic-
ulosus rugose sculpturing medially (Fig. 17G); con-
nection between posterior and lateral surfaces of
propodeum round; lateral surface shiny and
smooth throughout, with round and deeper PP, IS
= 0.5~3 above and 0.2 below; posterior surface
shiny and smooth, with slightly smaller PP, IS =
0.2~0.5. Mesepisternum and metepisternum
rather roughened, with large and more deeply
irregular PP (Fig. 17I). Metasomal terga shiny and
smooth, with distinctly smaller PP, IS = 1.5~2 api-
cally and 0.5~1.0 basally (Fig. 17K); T2-T4 with
distinct transverse depression basally (Fig. 17L);
S4 strongly emarginate posteriorly, with anterolat-
eral angle; S5 slightly emarginate posteriorly (Fig.
17M); S6 flattened. Upper gonostylus without sty-
lus; lower gonostylus broadly lamella-shaped, 0.6
times as broad as long (Fig. 17N, O).
Female: unknown.
Specimens examined: Holotype:
♂
: China:
Sichuan, Barkam, 2500 m, 20 Aug. 1983, Shu-
yong Wang coll.; Paratypes: 1
♂
, same data as for
holotype; 1
♂
, Yunnan, Lijiang, Yuhu, 2750 m, 22
July 1984, Jian-guo Fan coll.
Distribution: China: Sichuan, Yunnan.
Floral association: Not available.
Etymology: The specific name is derived from
the Latin multi (=many) and carina (=ridge) for the
lateral surface of the pronotum with many parallel
ridges sublongitudinally.
Remarks: The male is similar to Halictus mag-
nus in body size, but it is recognized by the lateral
surface of the pronotum with many parallel ridges,
the black legs, the upper gonostylus without a sty-
lus, and the lower gonostylus being broadly lamel-
la shaped.
Acknowledgments: This project was supported
by the National Natural Science Foundation of
Zoological Studies 43(4): 647-670 (2004)
668
China (NSFC grant no. 30330090), and partially by
the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in
Basic Research (NSFC-J0030092). Thanks are
due to Dr. Chao-Dong Zhu for his help and encour-
agement throughout the preparation of this paper.
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