No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
The ethical roots of the business system
... The outcomes of these all activities can be fruitful only when a marketer establishes a long-lasting ethical relationship with customers, build a virtue of trust with customers, listen them, learn from them, and respond to their changing taste & preference, empower its executives to rectify mistake when it occurs [4], [5], [6]. Marketing ethics is elucidating as the methodical study of how moral values are applied to marketing related decisions, behaviour and instructions [7]. ...
... their products [5], [24]. In some cases, many companies have been charged by customers and other stakeholders for doing just opposite and unethical practices with customer's data [7], [33]. Sellers at their point of sale collect customers' personal data or make membership card claiming to give loyalty points to their loyal customers. ...
The field of ethics in relationship marketing has matured in recent years. Ethical relationship marketing is the systematic study focuses on moral values are applied to corporate marketing decisions, activities, sales, and satisfy & retain customers. At the outset, it is very important to exemplify an area of ethics in relationship marketing and its theoretical underpinnings. The objective of this study is to develop a theoretical framework unfolding the fundamentals of ethical customer relationship management in Indian context. The study focuses on significant marketing disciplines like marketing mix policy, customer relationship, customer database management safety, and relationship marketing. The descriptive analysis, confirmatory factors analysis, and path model with the help of SPSS Amos confirm a theoretical framework on ethical relationship marketing. The framework will bind sellers and buyers in an ethical relation that will have a longer and benefit-able life. It will also help marketers to establish ethical selling policy and implement the same in an ethical way to satisfy the needs and desires of its customers.
... Gaski (1999) stated that the moral philosophy of Aristotle refers to the meaning of "ethics" as: "human behaviours according to the viewpoint of their rightness and wrongness" (Pires and Stanton, 2002). Ethics referred to the goodness of acts "ethics is considered as all possible moral principles or values which might guide behaviour" (Sherwin, 1983). ...
... Typical definitions of business ethics refer to the rightness or wrongness of a business action (Beauchamp and Bowie, 1979). In a general sense, the term business ethics refers to a set of moral norms and principles that guide people's behaviour (Sherwin, 1983). The terms unethical or ethical describe an individual's subjective moral judgment of right/wrong or good/bad. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions of e-retailing ethics from the consumers’ perspective and to develop a reliable and valid measurement instrument.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a quantitative survey conducted among Egyptian consumers aged 18 and above. These were measured on a five-point Likert scale. The reliability and validity of this six-factor scale are verified using empirical data collected randomly from Egyptians’ online consumers. Structure equation modelling used to test the suggested model.
Findings
The results showed that buyer perceptions about seller ethics (BPSE) is a second order construct composed of six factors (e.g. privacy, security, reliability, non-deception, service recover, and shared value). The results also showed that the BPSE has strong predictive capability in relation to online customer satisfaction and repurchase intention.
Originality/value
This project is one of the first empirical studies that develop a reliable and valid measurement instrument of BPSE. The findings provide several important theoretical and practical implications for online retailing and academic researchers as well as making a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in the online retailing context.
... This paper reviews current arguments about the validity of shareholder and stakeholder models for modern corporations and investigates the application of deontological and teleological ethical perspectives in both theoretical and practical contexts. Donaldson and Preston (1995) outlined current issues relating to stakeholder theory and vestiges of the concept may be found in areas relating to finance, strategic management, and corporate governance, (Mason and Mitroff 1982;Keasey et al. 1997), organisational theory (Dill 1975), and business ethics (Sherwin 1983;Freeman 1984Freeman , 1994Freeman , 1996Blair 1995;Phillips 1997Phillips , 2003Kaptein and Wempe 2002). ...
... Ethics involves moral in human conduct or the rules and actions deemed appropriate for a particular profession or area of life. Ethics relate to issues regarding moral principles, action and conscience (Kant 1987 Edition;Sherwin 1983;Singer 1993Singer , 1998. ...
This paper surveys literature relating to the Anglo-American model (shareholder theory) and stakeholder theory of corporate governance in the modern global business environment. Stakeholder theory emerged during the 1970-80s and suggested that corporations should look beyond the shareholder perspective of profit maximisation. Through a survey of the literature we examine why the traditional Anglo-American model of corporate governance had difficulties when dealing with certain unethical business practices of corporate boards. Overall, this study investigates whether an application of deontological and teleological ethical theories may illustrate how boards of directors could manage stakeholder issues and deal with problematic moral dilemmas and ethical decisions.
... Axloqiy marketing beshta muhim tamoyilga asoslanadi: hamdardlik, halollik, barqarorlik, oshkoralik va vaʼdalarni bajarish. Adabiyotda "axloq" atamasi axloqiy meʼyorlar, tamoyillar yoki qadriyatlar majmuini, axloqiy mulohazalar, meʼyorlar va xulq-atvor qoidalari kabi isteʼmolchilar xatti xarakatlarini boshqaradigan axloqning tabiati va asoslarini bildiradi (Sherwin, 1983). "Axloqiy boʻlmagan" yoki "axloqiy" atamalari shaxsning toʻgʻri/notoʻgʻri yoki yaxshi/yomon haqidagi subyektiv axloqiy hukmini tavsiflaydi. ...
Ijtimoiy va axloqiy marketing konseptsiyasining asosiy yondashuvi maqsadli bozorlarning ehtiyojlari, istaklari va manfaatlarini aniqlash, isteʼmolchi va butun jamiyat farovonligini saqlab qolish hamda oshirishga qaratilgan samarali usullar bilan kerakli darajada qoniqishni taʼminlashdir. Ijtimoiy va axloqiy marketing konseptsiyasini amalga oshirish uchta omilning muvozanatini talab qiladi: ishlab chiqaruvchi tashkilotning foydasi (sanoat, davlat), sotib olish ehtiyojlari va jamiyat manfaatlari. Shuningdek, axloqiy marketing beshta asosiy tamoyili mavjud. Axloqiy marketing boʻyicha keltirib oʻtilgan asosiy prinsiplarga moslik holatini barcha korxonalar amaliyotida foydalanish holatini tahlil qilish uchun baholash metrikalarini tuzish talab etiladi.
... Etik kavramı genel anlamda değerlendirildiğinde, insan davranışlarını yönlendiren bir dizi ahlaki norm, ilke veya değer olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır (Sherwin, 1983). Etik ve etik dışı kavramları bireyin doğru/yanlış veya iyi/kötü hakkındaki öznel ahlaki yargılarına karşılık gelmektedir. ...
Bu çalışma, algılanan marka etiği kavramını tüketici perspektifinden ele almaktadır. Markaların etik ya da etik dışı uygulamalarının tüketicilerin markaya yönelik tutumlarını, imaj algılarını ve tercihlerini nasıl etkilediğini Türkiye’deki GSM operatörleri örneğinde belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bireylerin etik tüketicilik anlayışları ile davranışsal eğilimleri arasındaki uyumluluğun da incelendiği çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. 459 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda marka etiğinin marka imajı ve tutumu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, marka etiğinin marka imajı ve tutumu aracılığıyla marka tercihini dolaylı olarak etkilediği görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda marka imajının marka tutumu ve tercihi üzerinde, marka tutumunun ise marka tercihi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, ilgili değişkenlerin bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ele alınması ve sonuçların ampirik bulgularla ortaya konulmasıyla literatüre katkı sağlama potansiyeline sahiptir.
... Ethics expresses people's behaviors conforming to the viewpoint of their rightness and wrongness (Gaski, 1999). It also reflects the goodness of acts that translate into a set of values and moral principles that can drive human behavior (Sherwin, 1983). According to Popa (2002, p. 131), morality, norms, law, and ethics are related concepts but not similar ones. ...
In a highly competitive market, online stores are requested to identify key factors to implement customers’ trust and commitment, which are vital determinants of high-quality relationships. As online transactions are witnessing increasing risks of cybercrimes and abuse incidents, offering ethical online services has become crucial in building robust and sustainable relationships with customers. The current study has been conducted in this context and its objective is twofold: on the one hand, it aims at understanding the effects of online retailers’ perceived ethics on e-trust and e-commitment, which in turn predict repetitive purchases, and on the other hand, it seeks to test the moderator role of reputation in the relationship between e-trust, e-commitment, and repetitive purchases. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was employed to analyze the data collected from a web survey conducted in Saudi Arabia involving 328 online shoppers. The results showed that all ethical dimensions influence e-trust and e-commitment in a significant way, hence predicting repetitive purchases from the same e-service platforms. The reputation of online retailers also plays a significant moderator role in the relationships between e-trust and repetitive purchases, as well as between e-commitment and repetitive purchases. This study is interesting for three main reasons. First, it is the earliest of its kind to assess online retailers’ ethical practices through seven dimensions in the context of the business-to-consumer (B2C) market. Second, it constitutes a further extension of the trust-commitment theory by testing the moderating role of online retailer reputation. Third, the findings provide relevant managerial implications for online retailers to enhance the loyalty of their consumers based on their ethical practices.
... The term ethics refers to a set of moral norms, principles, or values and the nature and grounds of morality that guide people's behavior. These guides may take the form of moral judgments, standards, and rules of conduct (Sherwin, 1983). Moral dilemmas are what ethics aim to solve. ...
... Ethics leads to human behavior based on a set of moral norms, principles, or values (Sherwin 1983). According to the literature, moral issues sometimes induce affective commitment to a brand (Turker 2009). ...
Owing to a significant decline in consumer trust, the power of arousing affective commitment to brands through perceived brand ethicality and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has now become an advantageous marketing strategy; however, there is little known whether cynics and materialists show similar responses toward such marketing efforts. This study analyzes the mediating effect of consumers’ perceived ethicality in the relationship between consumer cynicism/material values and affective commitment by comparing the perception of CSR efforts as weak or strong in the context of cosmetics brands among young women. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was utilized to test the data related to 271 participants obtained by purposive, convenient, and snowball sampling methods. The results reveal that cynicism has a serious negative effect on perceived ethicality that mediates affective commitment, whereas, materialism has a relatively stronger positive impact on perceived ethicality that triggers intensive affective commitment. In addition, perceiving CSR action as weak or strong is found not to change the established affective commitment among cynics, while leading materialists to develop strong emotional bonds through brand ethicality perceived exaggeratedly. Furthermore, cynics are found predisposed to making brand-related judgments on a rational basis, while materialists mostly address such issues on an emotional basis.
... The term "ethics" refers in the literature to a set of values, principles, and moral norms, as well as the form and foundations of morality that shape individual's conduct, including action rules, morality, and standards (Sherwin, 1983;Tsalikis, 1989). The words "unethical" and "ethical" refer to a person's particular moral assessment of good/bad or right/wrong. ...
... Generally, the concept of ethics refers to moral rules or principles that guide people's actions (Sherwin 1983). Moral judgment helps individual classify actions as right or wrong. ...
The purpose of this study is to determine how consumer perceptions of brand ethical behavior can affect their commitment to brands during turbulent times. A study of the effects of perceived ethical behavior of brands in Colombia during the initial months of the COVID-19 outbreak was conducted in May 2020 in Bogota, Colombia, to ascertain customer perception of brand ethical actions during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. A Bayesian model was developed to assess the impact of brands' ethical behavior on brand recognition benefits, brand image, and brand commitment. The selection of the initial months of the outbreak for this project was important because the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to augment consumer perception of brands' ethical actions at a pivotal moment in consumers' lives. Our findings demonstrate that customers expressed a positive perception of brands' ethical actions during the early months of the pandemic, which resulted in high commitment intention to these brands in the model examined. The findings highlight the critical nature of the perception of ethical behavior in the eyes of customers during a major global health crisis. More than ever, organizations must commit their brands to fully live out their publicly expressed ethical principles and continuously monitor consumer perceptions of brand attributes and behaviors associated with ethical actions regardless of market conditions. Commitment to living the brand's stated ethical principles can be demonstrated via branding activities in ways that can be especially welcomed by customers during turbulent times. The insights mentioned in this article are crucial for brands already present in South America or exploring expansion into these regions. The findings provide compelling evidence of the impact of ethical actions on consumer commitment to brands, suggesting that brands must now, more than ever, stay in touch with their customers and truthfully live the ethical values they transmit to customers.
... Marketing activities are particularly vulnerable to ethical and moral decision-making. Ethical decisions in marketing are determined by individuals' moral considerations to achieve goals and perform better (Paais & Pattiruhu, 2020;Sherwin, 1983). Therefore, an individual cognitive moral can determine the selection of individuals' decisions alternatives, especially salespeople, in achieving their performance, such as performance and performance behaviour. ...
This study seeks to confirm and analyse the effect of cross-level cognitive morals on internal marketing and business sales force performance (i.e. behavioural performance and outcome performance). The concepts of relationship marketing and marketing theory of ethics underpin the relationship among variables. This study adopted a quantitative approach through a survey of 460 respondents from 13 company services and manufacturers. Internal marketing variables were measured at the unit level and tested using interrater agreement and the intraclass correlation. In contrast, the cognitive moral variables, behavioural performance, and sales force performance results were measured individually. Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was used to test the effect of the cross-level research variables. The results showed that internal marketing empirically supports cognitive morals. However, the effect of internal marketing does not support the two-dimensional performances of the sales force. Theoretically, the contributions, internal marketing and cognitive morals have shown the relationship between marketing and marketing theory of ethics.
... The term ethics refers to a set of moral norms, principles, or values that guide people's behavior (Sherwin, 1983). Moral philosophy applies two different approach to describe ethics: the deontology theory that considers a nonconsequentialist effect that guides evaluations and the teleology theory that represents a consequentialist approach to moral judgment (Brunk, 2012;Crane & Matten, 2007;Delgado-Alemany et al., 2020). ...
The article aims to analyze the cause–effect relationship between Brand Ethicality Perception (CPE), legitimacy and purchase intention during the COVID-19 first wave, taking into consideration the mediation effect of the country of residence. Data collection was based on a survey launched during the COVID-19 lockdown in Madrid and New York. To analyze the established hypotheses and to test the multigroup analysis, we applied a structural modelling with SmartPLS. The research contributes to the field of brand management, and specifically of ethical branding, since it will analyze how stakeholders’ expectations fulfillment is key to build a consistent and valued brand meaning in crisis’ situations, demonstrating that ethical behaviors are key for gaining corporate legitimacy and, therefore, for improving business performances.
... The view point of Carroll (1979) was extended by Dahlsrud (2008) and presented five types of CSR which are economic, environmental, stakeholder, societal and voluntariness. Numerous other researchers have presented CSR as a concept explaining an array of principles, values and norms that influence behavior (Sherwin, 1983). A broad and narrow view of CSR was presented by (Devinney, 2009). ...
Owing to the fact that the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities initiated by the firms have gained enough momentum in the developed countries, whereas the impact of such activities on customers' buying behavior in the developing countries is however underexplored. This study strives to explore the relationship between CSR and consumer-buying behavior in the context of the fast food industry, the second largest industry of the country having 180 million consumers. Based upon the theoretical foundations of Social identity theory, the study offers and validates a unique model which takes into account the mediating role of corporate image between the relationship of CSR and consumer buying behavior. Using a sample size of 1500 from five major cities of Pakistan, the structural equation modeling reveals that CSR has a significant positive effect on the consumer buying behavior and corporate image mediates the CSR and consumer behavior nexus. This study provides empirical evidence for the firms by verifying the influence of corporate social responsibility as a major deciding factor to gather the long term patronage of the customers as an organizational objective in the fast food industry of a developing country
... Bir kişinin davranışına rehberlik etmeye yardımcı olan bir dizi ahlaki ilke, norm veya değer anlamına gelir (Sherwin, 1983). Bireylerin gruplarla, toplumla, örgütlerle ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerin temellerini oluşturan değerleri, normları, doğru-yanlış ya da iyi-kötü gibi ahlaksal açıdan araştıran bir felsefe disiplinidir (İnal, 1996). ...
... Corporate stakeholders increasingly demand that businesses become more transparent, communicative, and hands-on in improving the world (Landrum, 2017). Yet, different corporate constituencies have varying beliefs regarding the nature of appropriate corporate caring actions (Sherwin, 1983). We believe that both academic and popular CSR literature erroneously generally gives accolades to all CSR activities, even if CSR sacrifices core constituencies' welfare. ...
... Ethics refers to a set of moral norms, principles or values that guide people's behavior (Sherwin, 1983). The terms unethical or ethical describe an individual's subjective moral judgment of right/ wrong or good/bad. ...
This study explores whether the set of domains of consumers' ethical beliefs is exhaustive, whether it fits a developing economy like India, and if different domains affect consumer perceptions and relationships with the company differently. It is a qualitative research, where data is collected on domains of origin of consumer perceived ethicality (CPE). The findings lead to segregation of CPE domains into domains of direct origin which have major effect on the consumer behavior, and domains of remote origin which hardly have any effect on the consumer behavior. The research further suggests some additions to the CPE framework, the first of them being about packaging in the 'consumer' domain. Second change is in the domain of 'local community and business'. In addition the sub-domain of 'location of head-office or place of production' does not seem to have relevance for the developing economies.
... Dahlsrud (2008) extended Carroll's (1979) viewpoint and proposed five dimensions of CSR: economic, societal, stakeholder, environmental, and voluntariness. Others have conceptualized CSR as a set of principles, moral norms and values that guide firm's behavior (Sherwin, 1983). For example, Godfrey and Hatch (2007) suggested that a corporates' responsibility should exceed the domain of simply making profit while Devinney (2009) espoused both a narrow view and broad view of CSR. ...
... Ethics is considered to be the concept of man's morality, it belongs to good -bad, right -wrong, used in three areas: the human conscience, the system of rules morals and punishments are sometimes called moral values; It ties in with the culture, religion, humanism, philosophy and the rules of a society about how to behave from this system. Ethics refers to the good of behavior because "virtue is considered to be all possible moral principles or conductive values [11]. In philosophy, there are two basic doctrines when evaluating ethics: deontological and teleological. ...
In recent years, along with economic growth, electronic commerce in Vietnam has a significant development but its increase hasn't achieved the full potential. One of the biggest restraints is the lack of customers' trust toward the online sellers. Beside honest sellers, there exist also some sellers who are still opportunists, cheating their customers. These issues concern the business ethics. The ethics in electronic commerce that is a part of business ethics has been attracted by a lot of scholars and managers in the world. However, almost all of the studies in this issue have been executed in developed countries. It's a gap that is necessary to fill up. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop and validate a new scale to measure the sellers' ethics in e-commerce with customers' perspectives in the context of Vietnam-one of the most dynamic developing countries in the world. The authors expect this scale will be a basement for future researches that can give a deeper understanding of ethics and for better e-commerce environments in the next years.
... Theo Wikipedia tiếng Việt, đạo đức được xem là khái niệm luân thường đạo lý của con người, nó thuộc về vấn đề tốt -xấu, đúng -sai, được sử dụng trong ba phạm vi: lương tâm con người, hệ thống phép tắc đạo đức và trừng phạt, đôi lúc còn được gọi là giá trị đạo đức; nó gắn với nền văn hoá, tôn giáo, chủ nghĩa nhân văn, triết học và những luật lệ của một xã hội về cách đối xử từ hệ thống này. Đạo đức đề cập đến sự tốt đẹp của các hành vi vì "đạo đức được coi là tất cả các nguyên tắc đạo đức có thể có hoặc các giá trị hướng dẫn hành vi" (Sherwin, 1983). Trong triết học, có hai học thuyết cơ bản khi đánh giá về đạo đức là Thuyết nghĩa vụ (deontological) và Thuyết mục đích (teleological). ...
Những năm gần đây, cùng với sự tăng trưởng kinh tế, thương mại điện tử tại Việt Nam đã có sự phát triển mạnh mẽ, tuy nhiên, chưa thực sự tương xứng với tiềm năng hiện có. Một trong những nguyên nhân cản trở sự phát triển đó là sự thiếu niềm tin của khách hàng bởi vẫn còn một số doanh nghiệp, doanh thương vụ lợi, gian dối. Điều này liên quan đến vấn đề đạo đức trong kinh doanh, đặc biệt trong môi trường thương mại điện tử. Vấn đề này nhận được sự quan tâm của nhiều học giả, tuy nhiên hầu hết các nghiên cứu đã có được thực hiện ở các nước phát triển, do đó việc nghiên cứu tại các nước đang phát triển là cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phát triển một thang đo về đạo đức của người bán hàng trong thương mại điện tử dưới góc độ nhận thức của khách hàng tại Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu này là cơ sở tiền đề cho các nghiên cứu sâu hơn trong tương lai, góp phần giúp nhà quản trị, quản lý tham khảo những chính sách kinh doanh phù hợp, hiệu quả cho doanh nghiệp mình.
Từ khóa: đạo đức; người bán hàng trực tuyến; TMĐT Việt Nam; nước đang phát triển
... Theo Wikipedia tiếng Việt, đạo đức được xem là khái niệm luân thường đạo lý của con người, nó thuộc về vấn đề tốt -xấu, đúng -sai, được sử dụng trong ba phạm vi: lương tâm con người, hệ thống phép tắc đạo đức và trừng phạt, đôi lúc còn được gọi là giá trị đạo đức; nó gắn với nền văn hoá, tôn giáo, chủ nghĩa nhân văn, triết học và những luật lệ của một xã hội về cách đối xử từ hệ thống này. Đạo đức đề cập đến sự tốt đẹp của các hành vi vì "đạo đức được coi là tất cả các nguyên tắc đạo đức có thể có hoặc các giá trị hướng dẫn hành vi" (Sherwin, 1983). Trong triết học, có hai học thuyết cơ bản khi đánh giá về đạo đức là Thuyết nghĩa vụ (deontological) và Thuyết mục đích (teleological). ...
Những năm gần đây, cùng với sự tăng trưởng kinh tế, thương mại điện tử tại Việt Nam đã có sự phát triển mạnh mẽ, tuy nhiên, chưa thực sự tương xứng với tiềm năng hiện có. Một trong những nguyên nhân cản trở sự phát triển đó là sự thiếu niềm tin của khách hàng bởi vẫn còn một số doanh nghiệp, doanh thương vụ lợi, gian dối. Điều này liên quan đến vấn đề đạo đức trong kinh doanh, đặc biệt trong môi trường thương mại điện tử. Vấn đề này nhận được sự quan tâm của nhiều học giả, tuy nhiên hầu hết các nghiên cứu đã có được thực hiện ở các nước phát triển, do đó việc nghiên cứu tại các nước đang phát triển là cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phát triển một thang đo về đạo đức của người bán hàng trong thương mại điện tử dưới góc độ nhận thức của khách hàng tại Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu này là cơ sở tiền đề cho các nghiên cứu sâu hơn trong tương lai, góp phần giúp nhà quản trị, quản lý tham khảo những chính sách kinh doanh phù hợp, hiệu quả cho doanh nghiệp mình.
Từ khóa: đạo đức; người bán hàng trực tuyến; TMĐT Việt Nam; nước đang phát triển
... Ethics is generally referred to as the set of moral principles or values that guide behaviour (Sherwin;. However, what constitutes ethical and unethical behaviour can differ depending on the set of moral principles used as the basis for judgement. ...
In globalized world market transnational corporations are dominating world market. Transnational corporations are one of the most important actors in the global economy occupying a more powerful position than ever before. To increase profits they have increasingly turn to the developing world. Today they are some 65,000 of them with about 850,000 foreign affiliates across the globe. In the process of globalization the marketing ethics have not yet been globalized. Many transnational corporation in their relentless search for markets profits virtually severed their relationships with the societies that have nurtured them and acting as if they have no obligation to any one other than their own corporate interest. These unethical practices by TNCs may lead to far greater losses in the long run. The cost of ethical failure can be very high not just in financial penalties there can be a loss of trust and trust is important to all constituencies of business.
... In the literature, the term "ethics" refers to a set of moral norms, principles or values, and the nature and grounds of morality that guide people's behavior such as moral judgments, standards, and rules of conduct [13,14]. The terms "unethical" or "ethical" describe an individual's subjective moral judgment of right/wrong or good/bad. ...
This study investigated the components of ethical marketing such as product, price, place, and promotion using ethical views on the consumer-brand relationship and perceived product quality in B2C (business to consumer) transactions. It examined whether the quality and consumer-perceived product quality of a consumer-brand relationship affects corporate brand loyalty. Data from a panel of 1,200 consumers who had multiple experiences with a company’s products and brands were used to test the hypotheses, which were verified using structural equation modeling. The results support the proposed research model with statistical significance. A corporate marketing mix strategy with respect to ethical issues was crucial to generate a consumer-brand relationship and perceived product quality, which were influenced by corporate brand loyalty. However, the outcomes associated with each area of ethical marketing practice—through the relationship between the mediating variables and the dependent variable—vary with the business type and other characteristics. Without considering this aspect, it is difficult to generalize the current results. Thus, further analyses are required in future studies. However, this study identifies influential factors for building a relationship that involves ethical marketing practice, relationship quality, and brand loyalty in B2C transactions. Finally, this study suggests implications for companies regarding which aspects of (un)ethical marketing practices should be reinforced to achieve corporate brand loyalty. This study confirmed the significant correlation between the marketing mix strategy from ethical issues, which form the basis of transactions and relationship quality.
... One's choice should be based on what would be best for all affected social units. For many marketing decision makers, ethical action is tied into the business and their ability to meet company performance objectives (Sherwin 1983). The assumption is that the economic success of a firm's marketing activities should benefit employees, management, stockholders, consumers, and society. ...
This article addresses a significant gap in the theoretical literature on marketing ethics. This gap results from the lack of an integrated framework which clarifies and synthesizes the multiple variables that explain how marketers make ethical/unethical decisions. A contingency framework is recommended as a starting point for the development of a theory of ethical/unethical actions in organizational environments. This model demonstrates how previous research can be integrated to reveal that ethical/unethical decisions are moderated by individual factors, significant others within the organizational setting, and opportunity for action.
... The views of utilitarianism seem to come out of the writings of Douglas Sherwin. Sherwin (1983) asks the question "what does it mean to be an ethical business person?" In order to answer that question he presented business as being a system of interdependent members that can thrive only when all its members are given equal emphasis. ...
... In general, the term ethics refers to a set of moral norms, values, or principles that direct and shape people's behavior (Sherwin, 1983). Despite that, Islamic banks try to comply with shari'ah and Islamic principles. ...
Purpose
Drawing on social identity theory, the purpose of this paper is to propose and test a conceptual framework of the mechanism of customer response toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of Islamic banks.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was completed by 203 customers of Islamic banks in Bahrain. Structural equation modeling, was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings
Islamic ethics fit partially mediates the relationship between CSR initiatives and consumer-bank identification (CBI) which in turn contributes positively to customer advocacy. These findings emphasize the importance of CSR practices compliance with Islamic ethics principles for customers to identify with and advocate Islamic bank.
Research limitations/implications
Understanding the mechanism of customers’ responses toward CSR initiatives of Islamic banks provides insights into the complexities of Islamic bank customers’ perceptions of CSR initiatives. The successful introduction of a mediating variable, namely, Islamic ethics fit suggests future research opportunities.
Originality/value
Much of the value of the present work is because of the findings regarding the relationship between CSR and customer responses. The originality of this study lies in being the first research examining the mediating role of Islamic ethics fit to the relationship between CSR initiatives and CBI which in turn enhances Islamic banks’ advocacy.
... Ethics refers to a set of moral norms, principles or values that guide people's behavior (Sherwin, 1983). The terms unethical or ethical describe an individual's subjective moral judgment of right/ wrong or good/bad. ...
... Ethics is generally referred to as the set of moral principles or values that guide behaviour (Sherwin;. However, what constitutes ethical and unethical behaviour can differ depending on the set of moral principles used as the basis for judgement. ...
In globalized world market transnational corporations are dominating world market. Transnational corporations are one of the most important actors in the global economy occupying a more powerful position than ever before. To increase profits they have increasingly turn to the developing world. Today they are some 65,000 of them with about 850,000 foreign affiliates across the globe. In the process of globalization the marketing ethics have not yet been globalized. Many transnational corporation in their relentless search for markets profits virtually severed their relationships with the societies that have nurtured them and acting as if they have no obligation to any one other than their own corporate interest. These unethical practices by TNCs may lead to far greater losses in the long run. The cost of ethical failure can be very high not just in financial penalties there can be a loss of trust and trust is important to all constituencies of business.
... Few previous studies adopt consumers' perspectives on business ethics (Barnett et al. 2005;Brunk 2012) or the related questions that increasingly confront retailers (e.g., Spanghero scandal). 1 According to Sherwin (1983), the term ''ethics'' refers to a set of moral norms, principles, or values that guide people's behavior. In line with Barnett et al. (2005), Brunk (2012 contends that moral philosophy specifies two normative ethical theories: deontology and teleology. ...
This research investigates the influence that consumers’ perceptions of retail business ethics have on their responses (trust and loyalty) when retailers either create social discount spaces (integrated or collaborative) or do not. Using scenarios to imply these social practices and structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses among a sample of 689 respondents, the authors find that consumers’ perceptions of retail business ethics have positive effects on consumer loyalty, both directly and through consumer trust, as well as positive, strong influences on the retailer’s corporate social responsibility and corporate reputation. Furthermore, consumers’ perceptions of retail business ethics exert a stronger effect on consumer trust in integrated social discount spaces, though social discount practices do not affect the link between such perceptions and loyalty. Compared with when the retailer does not offer discount space, collaborative and integrated social discount spaces have weaker effects on trust and loyalty to the retailer. These findings have several notable theoretical and practical implications.
... Ethics refers to principles or values that guide behavior (Sherwin, 1983). It is sometimes said that business and ethics do not mix; for some, the profits that are the basis of a firm's survival are said to take precedence over moral principles or values. ...
Many organizations assume that having a good ethical reputation often has an impact on consumers' responses to a service or product. The research reported in this paper sought to confirm this intuition by investigating: 1) consumers' attitudes about the ethics of corporate behavior in relation to stockholders, customers (middlemen and ultimate consumers), suppliers, employees, and host communities; 2) consumer willingness to reward ethical firms through purchase decisions; and 3) the impact of the consumers' attitudes towards corporate ethical behavior on company behavior. The results indicate that the consumers do care about corporate ethical behavior towards all groups of people and they will reward the firms that behave ethically via their purchase decision. This suggests that corporate ethics is important to the consumers and provides ethical firms with a marketplace advantage.
The UN Climate Conference (UNFCC) COP 28 marks a landmark deal to ‘transition away’ from fossil fuels (Morton, Harvey, Lakhani and Carrington, 2023), and at the European Parliament, Moretti MEP (2023) declared that the fashion industry can take decisive action in line with global climate goals. In a world that is becoming ever more globally fragile (Amed and Berg, 2022) with these geo-political tensions, social issues and context-driving behaviours, fashion buyers need to create ‘sharpened strategies’ (Amed and Berg, 2022). Retailers are balancing planet, legislation, profit, and customer demand, and looking to do this through transparent dialogue across the supply chain and across internal to external channels. Tactics include energising social conscience and accountability as exhibited in purchase and promotional funnels, through tools of mission statements, manifestos and messaging that communicate stories of ‘common good’.
Many consumers are becoming increasingly conscientious in their purchase habits, with a new class of ethical consumer prepared to place their money where their morals are, and connect through local issues, a sense of responsibility and social activism. Social commentator, Naomi Klein has noted that ‘some of the voices of moral clarity are coming from the very young’ (2014: 464), and demographics such as Gen Z particularly ‘possess a moral compass’ (Oliver Wyman Forum, 2023).
This research proposes that a phenomenon of ‘morality retail’ is becoming established, with values such as integrity and common good placed at the centre of collectively invested storytelling by buyer, maker and consumer. The critical, loaded unit of communication is the social life of the material objects as they ‘leak, transform and interact with what is around them’ (Küchler, 2015: 272), transforming into a ‘moral statement’ (Fog, Budtz, Munch and Blanchette, 2010: 34). This research questions how artefacts become social instruments and ‘objects of affection’ (Berger, 2010), utilising ‘meaning which overflows the object’s use’ (Barthes, 1988: 182), that in turn creates a transnational flow of morality.
(i) Objetivo: Examinar a relação entre a ética gerencial e a qualidade das informações contábeis. (ii) Método: Foram analisados dados de 2010 a 2019 de 272 empresas não financeiras listadas na B3. Como proxy de qualidade da informação foram adotados os modelos de Kothari et al. (2005) e Collins et al. (2017), assumindo que maiores volumes de accruals discricionários estão relacionados à redução no nível de qualidade da informação. Como proxy de ética gerencial foram verificados os casos de fraudes corporativas ocorridos no Brasil. Os testes econométricos foram realizados através de regressão linear e quantílica. (iii) Resultados ou Discussão: Os resultados demonstram que o nível de ética gerencial afeta a qualidade das informações. Isso pode ser explicado pelo menor nível de transparência de informações e pela consequente maior assimetria de informações. (iv) Contribuições: Os resultados possuem repercussões práticas em relação a atenção que dever ser dada tanto do profissional contábil como dos gatekeepers ao tratamento da questão ética nas organizações, uma vez que sua deficiência pode provocar vieses na informação divulgada aos usuários externos. Assim, para combater a ocorrência de fraudes e trazer melhorias para a qualidade da informação contábil, além da implementação e melhorias contínuas de políticas de controle e monitoramento nas empresas, a disseminação de programas de ética gerencial deve fazer parte de uma estratégia da alta administração que busca melhorias na transparência e qualidade das informações contábeis
The study critically examines available perspectives to morality in business. It observes that each of the perspectives to morality in business may seem plausible; the reality of business clearly indicates that morality is intrinsic in the purposes and existence of business. The study further observes that the functional activities of business are pre-supposedly subjects of moral value judgment. The study posits that efforts should rather focus on discussions and concerns on moral benchmarks for sustainable business practices in view of emerging socio-cultural and global dynamics. It concludes that appropriate synthesis of perspectives is the way to go in order to enhance business education among students and practitioners in Nigeria.
Purpose
This paper aims to present a synthesized conceptual model for ethical decision-making in marketing that accommodates both humanistic and religious aspects.
Design/methodology/approach
A religious–humanistic approach is adopted on synthesizing. “Ferrell and Gresham’s (1985) contingency framework for ethical decision-making in marketing” and “Al-Ghazali’s ethical philosophy” are considered to be the theoretical base for the synthesized model.
Findings
Al-Ghazali’s ethical philosophy that stands for the religious dimension in this study was found appropriate for incorporating into the Ferrell and Gresham contingency framework for ethical decision-making in marketing. The approach (religious-humanistic) adopted for synthesizing the two aspects into one model was justified accordingly.
Research limitations/implications
A newly synthesized model is only conceptually validated. Statistical validity is required based on the variables included in the conceptual model. Future studies are recommended to attain the model fit.
Practical implications
The scale and model developed in the study should help the marketing-department authorities to assess and evaluate ethical aspects of existing individuals in the organization and potential candidates under the selection stage for employment. The research output derived by way of using the newly synthesized conceptual model should be able to pave the way for more in-depth research on actual ethical practices of “marketing practitioners” in the organization. To some extent, understanding of ethical standing of employees should help in improving efficiency and reduce costs from unethical behaviour. This should be able to improve governance from the top- to the lower-level management.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no literature has conceptualized a model that accommodates both materialistic and religious aspects into a single model to explain ethical decision-making of individuals in organizations. This is an initial and a humble attempt to conceptualize a model that incorporates ethical philosophy in Islam, with special reference to Al-Ghazali’s ethical philosophy.
Although ethics was only a choice in the near past, now it has become an obligation for companies due to increasing global competition, and consumers’ increasing and changing needs and expectations. Firms are developing a code of ethics and corporate social responsibility policies within the corporate in order to encourage such behaviors. Ethics and corporate social responsibility approaches help firms to improve the relationship of firms with its micro and macro environment. As an important player of this environment, consumers aside from satisfying needs, they expect from businesses to be socially responsible and, develop and implement code of ethics and morals in all business activities. As a result of rapid globalization and technological developments today’s consumers are more informed about their environment. Thus, beside core benefits of products they expect from products and firms to contribute well-being of society and encourage sustainable development. There have been in large number of researches in literature about ethics and corporate social responsibility. On the other hand in the literature, as well as number of researches on ethics and corporate social responsibility in the field marketing, and consumer behavior is few, mostly studies have been made on marketing and marketers ethics, and consumer ethics. Hovewer, there are too few researches that addresses business ethics from consumers point of view. In this study business ethic from consumer perspective, in other words effect of business ethics on consumers’ perceptions will be examined. In this regard, main objective of study is’’ Analyzing the university students’ perception degree of firms’ business ethic activities in food industry’’. Within this framework in the study ’’business ethics expectation dimension’’ and “business ethics importance dimesnsion’’ are evaluated from consumer point of view. Furthermore, relationship between two dimensions is explained and consumers’ tendency of punishing and rewarding businesses is argued. Besides that, consumers’ thoughts and buying decisions regarding ethical and nonethical businesses are examined in the study.
Scholars and industry professionals want clarification of the specific firm resources that influence the adoption and development of environmentally sustainable strategies. This paper, set in the context of the Australian wine industry, explores different firm resources that are beneficial for environmentally sustainable development and examines the role of management attitudes and norms in moderating this relationship. It establishes which resources small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) should invest in to be more successful in following environmental principles. The findings of a survey of the owner‐managers of Australian wine‐producing SMEs are reported, and partial least squares structural equation modelling is utilized to analyze the data. Results clearly indicate that successful firms that manage their resources more effectively influence the application of environmental behaviour, with one distinct resource significantly influencing the disclosure of such behaviour. A moderating effect is established which supports the notion that pro‐environmental decision‐making in SMEs is heavily influenced by the attitudes and norms held by management.
Attitudes are known to be one of the influential factors of ethical consumption behavior. However, attitudes have not yet fully proven their utility in predicting ethical consumer behaviors. The attitude-behavior gap in the area of ethical consumption may be related to a lack of understanding in the underlying structure of attitudes, which are composed of two attitudinal properties: affect and cognition. To address these concerns, this study explored 581 Korean respondents' overall attitudes, affect, cognition, and their relationship with the corresponding behaviors on four ethical consumption issues: purchasing energy-saving products; purchasing organic foods; purchasing recycled products; and participating in boycotts through a survey analysis. In detail, we assessed which attitudinal bases of either affect or cognition were better at predicting the overall attitudes toward ethical consumption and the corresponding behaviors. The results indicated that while respondents held positive attitudes toward the four ethical consumption issues, their attitudes toward them were more based on cognition rather than affect. Furthermore, the self-reported frequencies of the corresponding behaviors were also more influenced by cognition rather than affect. This research suggested the potential to improve the consistency between attitudes and behaviors by highlighting the underlying bases of attitudes – affect and cognition.
In recent years, the business ethics literature has exploded in both volume and importance. Because of the sheer volume and diversity of this literature, a review article was deemed necessary to provide focus and clarity to the area. The present paper reviews the literature on business ethics with a special focus in marketing ethics. The literature is divided into normative and empirical sections, with more emphasis given to the latter. Even though the majority of the articles deal with the American reality, most of the knowledge gained is easily transferable to other nations.
This paper reviews the impact of the shareholdership and stakeholdership models in guiding managers through the most appropriate way of delivering business objectives. The shareholder model is the traditional Anglo-American system of corporate governance, which focuses on the maximisation of shareholder wealth, while the stakeholder model is considered to be exemplified by the German system of corporate governance and focuses on meeting the needs and expectations of a wider range of stakeholder groups. The results from this study indicate that a combination of both models could enable management to deliver the needs of stakeholders groups, while in the long term maximizing wealth for the shareholders
This chapter sets out to assess how the customer perception of CSR initiatives can influence customer value perception and therewith has the potential to affect ethical consumerism through the mediation variable of prioritisation of CSR initiatives.
The main concepts used are customer perception of CSR initiatives based on CSR beliefs, customer lifestyle and values to extract the customer relevant CSR initiatives mediating the customer value perception. The multi-dimensionality of the value concept is explained and is firstly used to evaluate the value enhancing effects of relevant CSR initiatives and secondly, to differentiate the effect that different value categories have on customers’ attitude and behaviour.
It is suggested that CSR initiatives, when communicated efficiently and considered as relevant by the customers, will enhance primarily two customer value categories—the extrinsic self-oriented value and the intrinsic other-oriented value. Enhancement of extrinsic self-oriented value imbeds the potential to affect customers’ purchase behaviour and thus strengthen ethical consumerism.
There are two main contributions of this chapter—the academic contribution is grounded in the indication that prioritisation of CSR initiatives mediates the customer value perception as a necessary precondition for ethical consumerism. The contribution to the industry is to help the industry to understand how customers perceive different CSR initiatives and which factors lead to the prioritisation of CSR initiatives from customers’ perspective.
The motivation for identifying and using ethical perspectives in decision-making regarding corporate governance has been growing in importance over the last 25 years. In the UK for example there have been four important and influential reports termed Corporate Governance Codes published in the 1990s: Cadbury Report (1992), Greenbury Committee (1995), Hampel Committee Report (1998) and Turnbull Committee Report (1999) (Letza 2015, p. 190). Indeed, these reports laid the foundations of corporate governance for the UK as well as other developed and developing economies. Following the collapse of Enron and WorldCom in 2001, corporate governance gained a much higher profile and was further developed through the Myners Report (2001), Derek Higgs Report (2003), Smith Report (2003), Myners Review (2004), Walker Review (2009) and a revised Combined Code (2012) (ibid.). During the twenty-first century we have witnessed a growing number of research projects and literature on both the general areas of corporate governance and different mechanisms, including directors’ remuneration, accountability, non-executive directors (NEDs) and audit committees.
Is it possible to be successful in business and at the same time behave in a manner which is thought to be morally acceptable? This is an issue which has been addressed by moralists who see a conflict between the profit seeking motive determining business decisions and the wider social responsibilities of those in business to their fellow citizens. Business ethics encompasses all aspects of business, from issues of pricing to marketing, production methods and employment practice. One aim is to establish codes of ‘good practice’ which take account of the moral consequences of business decisions and not simply their financial impact.
In this chapter I discuss the rise of the managers in the first half of the twentieth century and the implications that managerial practices had, and still have, on business in general. I use this analysis to gain additional insight into the collapse of Australian HIH, American Enron, and Lehman Brothers. Management is a relatively new phenomenon that emerged more forcefully with the rise of the corporation in the early years of the twentieth century. The rise of the managers had an enormous effect on ownership. Prior to the advent of incorporated businesses the private owners or the family owners had also managerial responsibility for their businesses. With the rise of new business forms and incorporated risks the managers took a more predominant role and as a consequence a separation of ownership from management occurred. In other words, when managers took control over the means of production, which also includes services, the owners lost direct control over how their money was used and invested. The incorporated firm became the working place of the managers in the roles of chief executive officers, chief financial officers, and chief operational officers, also known as executive managers. The managers represent a separate group/class driven by self-interest. Not only employees and workers are subjected to the decision-making power of the managers. So, also, are owners, shareholders, and, increasingly, societal stakeholders.
Businesses are rarely indicted for corporate manslaughter, as occurred after the 1987 accident of the ferry “Herald of Free Enterprise,” in which nearly 200 passengers died. It is also unusual for a business to evaluate the use of a product safety feature merely by comparing its costs with the economic costs of injuries and deaths that would otherwise result. And yet this has also been done. One automobile company, calculating that a particular safety improvement would cost $ 11 per vehicle on each of its more than 12 million cars and trucks on the road (in 1977), and that these costs far outweighed the economic costs of the otherwise predicted 180 burn deaths, 180 serious burn injuries, and 2100 burned vehicles, finally decided against the additional safety investment, in obvious disregard of the serious consequences [4].
Ethical behavior is essential for long- term business success. This article examines some ethical issues that emerged from business in the context of China's transition economy. Four key issues - consumer's rights, safety in workplace, environmental pollution, and corporate social responsibility - are discussed. The article concludes by offering some solutions which would be effective to solve those ethical issues.
Legal practitioners operate in an environment of seemingly endless ethical challenges, and against a backdrop of diminishing public opinion about their morality. Based on extensive research, Assessing Lawyers' Ethics argues that lawyers' individual ethics can be assessed and measured in realistic frameworks. When this assessment takes place, legal practitioners are more likely to demonstrate better ethical behaviour as a result of their increased awareness of their own choices. This book advocates a variety of peer-administered testing mechanisms that have the potential to reverse damaging behaviours within the legal profession. It provides prototype techniques, questions and assessments that can be modified to suit different legal cultures. These will help the profession regain the initiative in ethical business practice, halt the decline in firms' reputations and reduce the risk of state-sponsored regulatory intervention.
The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of unethical corporate behavior from the perspective of consumers in Malaysia. Several questions are addressed. First, what are consumers' expectations regarding ethicality of corporate behavior? Second, is whether a firm acts ethically or unethically an important consumer concern? Third, will information regarding a firm's behavior influence purchases? A survey of consumers was conducted to provide insight into these issues. Malaysian consumers show almost parallel findings compared with consumers in developed countries. This study provides an important element for policy-makers in firms to initiate corporate ethics policy to deal effectively with the matter, not just merely to fulfill the requirement of regulators.
This study addresses brand management in the context of raw material for the luxury fashion industry. The research is conducted in the form of a case study of Saga Furs, which is an auction company whose operations range from co-operation with-local fur breeders supplying the raw materialto marketing and sellingto globally prestigious fashion houses and clothing manufacturers. In this inquiry, changes in the stakeholder relations of Saga Furs Ltd are investigated and their implications for brand management are presented with regard to customer-based brand equity. In conclusion, this case study illustrates the benefits of branding in a controversial material industry and provides best practices for carrying out brand communications.
Abstract: Within studies of HRM, scholars have considered the ways in which certain practices may contribute to unethical behaviour. Others have questioned whether it is in fact possible to establish a relationship between ethics and HRM, and tried to articulate the conditions for doing so. In this paper we focus on talent management as a contemporary addition to HRM, arguing that the way in which most talent management systems are set makes those identified as ‘talent’ incapable of engaging in ethical reflection. We evaluate the pitfalls of talent management practices through the philosophical perspectives of Foucault and Ricoeur, highlighting the ways in which certain talent management practices foreclose the opportunity for self-reflection, struggle and meaningful narration. We come to the conclusion that ‘talent’ is indeed more than a word: it currently serves to undermine the basic conditions of ethical reflection. To conclude, we propose a rethinking of talent management, stressing the importance of understanding who and what individuals and institutions are becoming in and through everyday HRM practices.
Key words: Identity, Ethical reflection, Talent management practices, Self-appraisal, Foucault, Ricoeur, Self-reflection.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.