Paleogene nummulitid foraminifera from the Indonesian Archipelago: a review

Full text

Cainozoic
Research,
2(1-2)
(2002),
pp.
23-78,
October
2003
Paleogene
nummulitid
foraminifera
from
the
Indonesian
Archipelago:
a
review
Willem
Renema
¹,
Andrew
Racey
²
&
Peter
Lunt
³
Received
30
January
2002;
revised
version
accepted
4
October
2002
KEY
WORDS
Foraminifera,
Nummulitidae,
systematics,
new
taxa,
Paleogene,
Indonesia.
Introduction
Larger
foraminifera,
especially
those
of
the
genera
Nummu-
lites
and
Assilina,
have
long
been used
for
stratigraphic
purposes,
starting
with
De
la
Harpe
(1877).
More
recently,
Blondeau
(1972)
and
Schaub
(1981)
have
summarised
the
stratigraphic
and
geographic
distribution
of
the
numerous
species
in
these
genera.
Blondeau’s
work
covered
the
Tethys,
Indo-West
Pacific
and
North
and
South
America,
but
it
occasionally
referred
to
Indonesia,
Japan,
and
the
West
Pacific
as
well,
whilst
the
much
more
elaborate
re-
view
by
Schaub
(1981)
dealt
with
species
from
around
the
Mediterranean
and
from
Europe.
Racey
(1995)
described
nummulitids
from
Oman,
an
area
situated
at
the
boundary
between
two
of
the
main
Cainozoic
larger
foraminiferal
faunal
provinces,
i.e.
the
Mediterranean
and
the
Indo-
Pacific,
and
integrated
these
with
Schaub’s
zonal
scheme.
Schaub
(1981)
proposed
a
series
of
biozones
for
the
Paleo-
gene,
based
on
species
of
Nummulites
and
Assilina,
which
were
combined
with
biozones
proposed
by
Hottinger
(1960)
for
Alveolina,
and
calibrated
against
calcareous
nannoplankton
data.
These
zonations
were
subsequently
integrated
into
the
shallow-benthic
zones
(SBZ)
covering
the
Paleocene-Eocene
of
the
Mediterranean
region
by
Serra-Kiel
et
al.
(1998).
All
this
work
was
based
mainly
on
the
western
Tethys.
The
most
recent
revisions
of
Nummulites
and
Alveolina
from
Indonesia
were
by
Doomink
(1932;
the
genus
Num-
mulites
in
Java)
and
Bakx
(1932;
Alveolinidae
in
Indone-
sia).
The
principal
objective
of
the
present
study
is
to
im-
prove
the
correlation
of
Eocene
strata
from
Indonesia
with
Berggren
et
al.'s
(1995)
timescale.
This
could
only
be
sat-
isfactorily
attempted
when
coupled
with
a
revision
of
the
taxonomic
status
of
the
various
nummulitids
previously
'Nationaal
Natuurhistorisch
Museum
(Naturalis),
Darwinweg
2,
P.O.
Box
9517,
NL-2300
RA
Leiden;
e-mail:
Renema@naturalis.nnm.nl
2
BG
Group.
100
Thames
Valley
Park
Drive,
Reading
RG6
1PT,
England
3
Coparex
Blora
h.v.,
Jalan
H.R.
Rasuna
Said,
Kav.
X-2,
No.
1,
Jakarta
12950,
Indonesia
Previous
records
of
nummulitid
foraminifera
without
chamberlets
from
Indonesia
and
contiguous
areas
are
reviewed,
with
the
emphasis
on
species
previously
assigned
to
the
genera
Nummulites
Lamarck,
1801,
Assilina
d’Orbigny,
1826
and
Ranikothalia
Caudri,
1934.
Of
the
70+
species
referred
to
these
genera,
sixteen
are
here
considered
valid.
Assilina
orientalis
Douvillé,
1912b,
A.
leymeriei
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853,
A.
granulosa
d’Archiac,
1846,
A.
spira
de
Roissy,
1805,,
A.
exponens
Sowerby
in
Stykes,
1840,
and
Nummulites
(A.)
um-
bilicata
Rutten
in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915
are
assigned
to
Planocamerinoides
Cole,
1957,
while
Camerina
taballarensis
Caudri,
1934,
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871,
N.
beaumonti
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853,
C.
crasseornata
Henrici,
1934,
C.cf.
globula
Leymerie,
1846
sensu
Henrici,
1934],
and
Lenticulites
variolaria
Lamarck,
1804
are
transferred
to
Palaeonummulites
Schubert,
1908.
Six
species
of
Nummulites
(N.
boninensis
Hanzawa,
1947,
N.
djokdjokartae
(Martin,
1881),
N.
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841,
N.
javanus
Verbeek,
1891,,
N.
martini
n.
sp. and
N.
subbrongniarti
Verbeek,
1871),
seven
of
Palaeonummulites
(P.
beaumonti,
P.
crasseor-
natus,
P.
pengaronensis,
P.
songoensis
n.
sp.,
P.
taballarensis.
P.
variolarius
and
P.
sp.),
and
three
of
Pl.
umbilicata
;
Planocamerinoides
(Pl.
orientalis,
and
PL
sp.)
from
Eocene-Oligocene
strata
of
the
Indonesian
Archipelago
are
described
and
illustrated.
A
revision
of
mu-
seum
collections
as
well
as
a
study
of
newly
collected
Paleogene
larger
nummulitids
from
Indonesia,
coupled
with
new
biostratigraphic
data
based
mainly
on
calcareous
nannoplankton,
planktonic
foraminifera
and
dinoflagellates,
plus
preliminary
strontium
isotope
dates,
have
now
resulted
in
a
more
refined
picture
of
the
stratigraphic/palaeobiogeographic
distribution
of
Paleogene
nummulitids
in
the
region.
Deposits
of
Early
and
early
Middle
Eocene
age
are
rare
in
Indonesia;
younger
Paleogene
sediments
are
commoner.
Subsequent
to
the
inundation
of
the
Sunda
Shelf
at
c.
45
Ma,
shallow-marine
carbonates
became
more
widely
distributed.
In
the
best
documented
part
of
Indonesia,
i.e.
Java,
strata
of
late
Bartonian
to
early
Rupelian
age
are
missing.
Upper
Bartonian
to
lower
Rupelian
strata
are
represented
in
sections
in
Borneo
and
Sulawesi,
although
there
Priabonian
and
lower
Rupelian
deposits
often
are
poorly
fossiliferous.

-24-
recorded
from
the
region.
Many
of
these
taxa,
by
modem
taxonomic
standards,
havebeen
inadequately
described
and
in
many
cases
poorly
illustrated
in
the
original
papers.
In
part,
our
work
aims
to
rectify
these
omissions.
In
Indonesia,
Martin
(1881)
originally
followed
the
Lyellian
method
of
European
biostratigraphy,
which
was
based
on
the
ratio
between
extant
and
extinct
molluscs,
including
selected
foraminifera.
Direct
comparison
be-
tween
European
and
Indonesian
outcrops
led
to
different
conclusions,
based
either
on
the
occurrence
of
larger
fo-
raminiferal
genera
or
on
the
extant/extinct
ratio.
The
ex-
tant/extinct
molluscan
ratio
resulted
in
an
Oligocene
age
being
assigned
to
the
Nanggulan
section,
although
the
abundant
occurrence
of
non-reticulate
Nummulites
sug-
gested
an
Eocene
age
(e.g.,
Martin,
1881).
However,
Mar-
tin’s
view
was
blurred
by
the
fact
that
the
samples
he
re-
ceived
from
the
Nanggulan
section
comprised
a
mixture
of
Eocene
to
Miocene
material
from
the
nearby
Djonggranan
Beds.
When
he
collected
samples
himself
in
1910,
he
im-
mediately
revised
his
earlier
view
and
proposed
an
Eocene
date.
Discrepancies
in
molluscan
biostratigraphy
led
the
Geo-
logical
Survey
in
the
then
Netherlands
East
Indies
to
use
larger
benthic
foraminifera
for
correlation,
which
resulted
in
the
application
of
Van
der
Vlerk
&
Umbgrove’s
(1927)
letter
stages.
Originally,
there
were
six
letter
stages
(Ta-
Tf),
which
later
increased
to
eight
(Ta-Th).
A
total
of
six-
teen
subzones
were
also
included,
of
which
seven zones
and
thirteen
subzones
were
based
on
ranges
of
larger
fo-
raminifera
(Leupold
&
Van
der
Vlerk,
1931).
The
number
of
letter
stages
was
then
revised
back
to
six
(Ta-Tf)
by
Van
der
Vlerk
(1955).
The
most
recent
revision
of
the
letter
stages
for
the
entire
Cainozoic
was
by
Adams
(1970),
whilst
the
Oligocene-Miocene
was
revised
by
Boudagher-
Fadel
&
Banner
(1999).
The
Paleogene
is
covered
by
letter
stages
Ta
to
lower
Te.
When
compared
to
the
European
sequence
(Adams,
1970),
the
Ta
and
Tb
stages
cover
the
Paleocene
and
Eocene,
while
the
Ta
stage
is
subdivided
into
three
parts,
with
Tai-i
corresponding
broadly
to
the
Late
Paleocene,
Early
Eocene
and
Middle
Eocene,
respec-
tively.
The
Tb
stage
is
equivalent
to
the
Late
Eocene.
How-
ever,
the
subdivision
of
the
Paleocene
and
Eocene
in
southeast
Asia
is
based
mainly
on
sections
in
India
(Adams,
1970).
The
use
of
planktonic
biostratigraphy
has
improved
the
correlation
between
European
and
Indonesian
stratigraphic
units,
leading
e.g.
to
a
more
detailed
stratigraphic
scheme
proposed
by
Boudagher-Fadel
&
Banner
(1999)
for
the
Neogene.
To
date,
the
application
of
planktonic
biostrati-
graphy
to
Eocene
and
Lower
Oligocene
deposits
in
Indone-
sia
and
strontium
isotope
dates
for
the
Oligocene
has
been
restricted
to
in-house
studies
by
some
oil
companies,
pub-
lished
here
for
the
first
time.
The
present
paper
addresses
several
taxonomic
prob-
lems
regarding
nummulitids
from
Indonesia
and
discusses
their
revised
stratigraphic
ranges
following
new
age
as-
signments
for
the
various
sequences
studied,
and
leading
to
an
improved
correlation
with
European
strata.
Figure
1.
Structure
and
elements
of
test,
based
on
a
macrospheric
generation
(modified
after
Racey,
1995).
Nummulites

-25
-
Morphology
of
Nummulites
Nummulitid
morphology
has
been discussed
previously
by
Blondeau
(1972),
Schaub
(1981)
and
Racey
(1995).
Their
terminology
is
applied
herein
and
briefly
summarised
be-
low.
Additional
data
on
morphological
features
and
their
relative
value
in
classification
may be
found
in
Adams
(1988),
Haynes
(1988),
Racey
(1992)
and
Haynes
et
al.
(in
press).
Figure
1
illustrates
the
most
important
features
of
Nummulites
and
related
genera.
The
terminology
outlined
below
is
also
used
for
Planocamerinoides
and
Pa-
laeonummulites
in
the
present
paper.
Septa
and
chambers
The
septum
forms
a
bilamellar,
canaliculate,
but
primarily
apertureless,
curved
plate
(partition)
between
successive
chambers.
A
basal
foramen,
formed
by
the
secondary
re-
sorption
of
wall
material
at
the
base
of
the
apertural
face
of
the
penultimate
chamber,
is
almost
invariably
visible
in
accurately
oriented
equatorial
sections.
Other
secondary
pores
may
also
be
present
near
the
peripheral
margin
(Ad-
ams,
1988).
Septa
may be
regularly
and
closely
spaced
as
in
N.
boninensis
or
widely
and
more
irregularly
as
in
some
parts
of
N.
djokdjokartae.
Several
chamber
and
septa
shapes
are
illustrated
in
Figure
3.
Figure
2.
Equatorial
section
of
Nummulites
Figure
3.
Chamber
and
septum
shape
of
nummulitids;
arrow
indicates
growth
direction;
A
-
chambers
numerous,
small,
equidimensional
(
B
-
chambers
higher
than
long,
septa
oblique,
curved
in
the
peripheral
quarter
(P.
crasseornatus);
;
D
-
chambers
equidimensional,
septa
oblique,
curved
showing
the
method
of
measurement
of
the radius
per
whorl;
A
-
macrospheric
generation
(A-form),
B
-
microspheric
generation
(B-form).
C
-
chambers
longer
than
high,
septa
perpendicular,
almost
straight
(
N.
gizehensis);
(P.
vario-
larius).
N.
fichteli);

-26-
Although
septa
and
chamber
shape
are
affected
by
food
availability
and
temperature,
they
nevertheless
constitute
reliable
characters
for
the
discrimination
of
species
since
aberrations
from
the
norm
are
easily
recognised
(Racey,
1992).
Septal
filaments
Extension,
sometimes
thread-like,
of
a
septum
over
the
lateral
surface
of
the
test
between
the
spiral
laminae
(Ad-
ams,
1988).
The
traces
of
the
septa
and
septal
filaments
can
often
be
observed
on
the
test
surface.
Adams
(1988)
de-
scribed
the
use
and
taxonomic
significance
of
septal
fila-
ments
and
septal
traces
and
distinguished
the
following
forms:
*
radial:
straight
or
slightly
curved,
extending
from
the
pole
to
the
periphery.
All
septal
filaments
are
necessarily
slightly
curved
at
the
peripheral
margin;
*
sigmoidal:
curved
forwards
at
the
periphery
and
back-
wards
near
the
pole.
If
there
is
no
polar
twist,
the
shape
is
described
as
falciform;
*
meandrine:
appearing
to
wander
haphazardly
over
the
lateral
surface
of
the
spiral
sheet;
*
subreticulate:
uniting
to
form
a
crude
network
within
the
spiral
cavity,
and
showing
as
septal
and
filament
traces
on
the
outer
surface
of
the
spiral
wall.
Usually
associated
with
pillars;
*
reticulate:
forming
a
complex
network
of
filaments
in
which
the
individuality
of
the
primary
filaments
is
largely
or
completely
lost.
In
species
with
radial
and
sigmoidal
septal
filaments
and
septal
traces,
these
become
crowded
towards
the
poles,
where
they
terminate
against
a
central
pillar
or
boss
(long
septal
filaments)
or
sometimes
against
a
preceding
septal
filament
(short
septal
filaments).
Secondary
septal
fila-
ments
comprise
the
distal
walls
of
the
blister-like
chamber-
lets
which
form
over
the
lateral
surfaces
of
the
test
(Adams,
1988).
On the
outer
test
surface,
secondary
filaments
are
recognised
because
they
run
from
one
(primary)
septal
filament
to
another.
Septal
filaments
change
ontogenetically
and
may
show
some
variation
with
environmental
parameters
(Racey,
1992).
Quantitative
use
(number
of
septal
traces,
long/short
septal
traces,
secondary
septal
traces
etc.,
is
highly
variable
and
thus
unreliable
for
species
discrimination,
but
in
adult
specimens
presence/absence
criteria
serve
well
to
discrimi-
nate
between
species
groups.
Spiral
shape
The
shape
of
the
spire
is
important
in
distinguishing
species
of
Nummulites.
The
spire
may be
regularly
or
irregularly
coiled,
open
or
tightly
coiled
and
may
show
tripartition,
doubling
and/or
reversals
(Racey,
1995).
In
tight
whorls,
the
same
radius
contains
more
whorls
than
in
open
ones.
Following
Schaub
(1981)
and
Racey
(1995),
the
radius
of
each
whorl
has
been
measured
(Figure
2),
and
not
the
num-
her
of
whorls
in
a
certain
radius
(e.g.,
Hennci,
1934)
or
the
radius
to
a
certain
number
of
whorls
(e.g.,
Doomink,
1932)
or
the
number
of
whorls
contained
in
one-third
of,
two-
thirds
of
or
in
the
full
spire
(e.g.,
Blondeau,
1972).
The
slope
and
shape
of
the
coiling
diagram
provides
additional
information
(Racey,
1995).
Errors
may
occur
in
counting
of
whorls
at
the
centre
(especially
in
B-forms),
since
it
is
dif-
ficult
to
section
large,
undulating
specimens
through
the
proloculus,
and/or
because
the
first
whorls
are
often
poorly
preserved
and/or
difficult
to
see
clearly
(Racey,
1995).
Regular
whorls
are
even
in
height
and
chamber
shape,
whilst
irregular
ones
show
widely
varying
chamber
heights.
The
opening
rate
is
the
ratio
of
the
diameter
of
whorl
x
over
whorl
x-1
and
is
expressed
as
e.g., 1.5d.
In
this
exam-
ple,
the
next
whorl
has
a
diameter
that
is
1.5
times
larger.
Therefore,
higher
values
indicate
more
rapidly
opening
spires.
Tripartite
spires
show
a
threefold
subdivision,
each
division
being
characterised
by
a
marked
change
in
tight-
ness,
which
always
follows
the
sequence
tight-loose-tight.
No
Indonesian
species
shows
this
feature.
Nummulites
javanus
comes
nearest,
but the
first
whorls
gradually
in-
crease
in
height,
instead
of
showing
a
more
or
less
abrupt
change
as
seen
in
N.
perforatus
de Montfort, 1808
or
N.
deshayesi
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
from
the
western
Tethys.
Intercalatory
whorls
can
form
through
the
bifurcation
of
the
spire
by
splitting
of
the
marginal
cord,
so
that
two
whorls
are
created
simultaneously
(Racey,
1995).
This
character
usually
involves
thinning
of
the
marginal
cord.
In
Indonesian
species
this
character
is
rather
rare
and
is
only
seen
in
N.
djokdjokartae
and
N.
martini
n.
sp.,
in
which
the
intercalatory
whorls
generally
occur
after
the
7th
to
9th
whorl,
and
are
usually
incomplete.
Nummulites
boninensis
from
Indonesia
and
Japan
occasionally
shows
one
or
two
intercalatory
whorls.
Temporary
reversals
in
the
coiling
direction
(often
as-
sociated
with
doubling.
i.e.
growing
two
whorls
simultane-
ously)
were
not
observed
in
any
of
the
Indonesian
species.
The
spiral
shape
is
summarised
in
a
coiling
diagram
for
both
the
A-
and
B-form.
In
the
coiling
diagram,
the
range
of
diameter
of
the
studied
specimens
is
shown
for
each
whorl,
as
well
as
the
average
when
more
than
one
specimen
was
measured.
The
character
of
the
spire
(especially
in
the
early
and
middle
part
of
the
specimen)
is
generally
constant
and
is
considered
to
be
a
feature
of
diagnostic
importance
in
identifying
to
which
group
a
species
belongs.
Abnor-
malities
in
the
spire,
however,
are
common
and
are
usually
caused
by
environmental
features
(e.g.,
high
hydrodynamic
energy
resulting
in
breakage)
and
are
thus
of
no
taxonomic
value.
Damaged
animals
usually
quickly
heal
the
broken
part
in
order
to
get
back
to
the
normal
growth
character.
Marginal
cord
The
marginal
cord
forms
a
thickened,
imperforate
equato-
rial
rim,
containing
a
three-dimensional
network
of
canals
that
communicate
between the
chambers.
The
thickness
of

-27-
the
marginal
cord
(absolute
or
relative
to
the
chamber
height)
can
be used
as a
species
character
(Schaub,
1981).
Tightening
of
the
later
whorls
as
seen
in
e.g.,
N.
djokdjo-
kartae
is
often
caused
by
the
thinning
of
the
marginal
cord
or
its
replacement
by
the
spiral
sheet.
Several
of
the
line-
ages
as
defined
by
Schaub
(1981)
show
similar
trends
in
the
thickness
of
the
marginal
cord.
Proloculus
size
in
macrosphere
Proloculus
size
in
the
macrosphere
is
often
regarded
as
an
important
character
for
species
discrimination.
However,
proloculus
size
is
shown
to
vary
widely
within
populations
(Khan
&
Drooger,
1970;
Drooger
et
ai,
1971;
Racey,
1992).
Successive
populations
show
an
increase
in
prolocu-
lus
size
with
time
(Drooger
et
al.,
1971).
Racey
(1992)
concluded
that
proloculus
size
was
affected
by
temperature,
water
depth
and
food
supply,
and that
variation
was
marked,
resulting
in
poor
reliability
for
species
discrimina-
tion,
especially
when
used
on
its
own.
Pillars
The
presence
and
size
of
pillars
(seen
as
granules
or
pus-
tules)
on
the
exterior
of
the
test
is
important,
as
are
their
size
and
arrangement
with
respect
to
the
septal
filaments,
filamental
traces
and
the
spire
as a
whole
(Racey,
1995).
Two
main
types
of
pillars
occur
in
Nummulites
:
textural
and
inflational
(Racey,
1995;
references
therein).
Textural
pillars
are
produced
by
local
changes
in
the
texture
of
the
laminae
and
are
visible
in
axial
thin
sections,
but
usually
do
not
reach
the
surface
of
the
test.
Inflational
pillars
are
pro-
duced
by
local
thickening
of
the
laminae
by
lamellar
super-
position.
Such
pillars
may reach
the
surface
to
form
gran-
ules/pustules.
Possible
pillar
arrangements
are:
*
arranged
so
that
they
form
a
spire
on
the
outer
surface;
*
scattered
‘randomly’
all
over
the
test
surface,
either
on
septal
filaments
(Figure
1),
or
on
and
between
septal
filaments
(Figure
1);
*
concentrated
at
the
poles
to
form
a
large
polar
pillar
(Figure
1).
The
intensity
of
pillar
development
is
strongly
affected
by
environmental
parameters
in
extant
populations
of
Opercu-
lina
ammonoides
(Gronovius,
1781)
and
correlates
with
depth
and
substrate
type
(Pecheux,
1995;
W.R.,
pers.
obs.).
Pillar
location
and
shape
characters
(e.g.,
extending
to
test
surface
or
not)
varies
less
within
populations
and
may thus
constitute
valid
characters
for
species
discrimination.
Test
shape
The
test
shape
was
defined
as a
diameter/thickness
(D/T)
ratio,
as
follows:
Some
species
show
a
highly
undulose
periphery,
whilst
others
have
inflated
polar
regions
and/or
variations
in
the
shape
of
the
test
margin.
Test
shape
is
influenced
by
envi-
ronmental
parameters
and
is,
as
such,
of
limited
taxonomic
use
(Racey,
1992).
diameter/thickness
shape
Figure
4.
Map
showing
the
localities
of
samples
studied
(filled
symbols)
and
known
from
the
literature
only
(open
symbols);
1
-
Nias;
2
-
Banten/Bantam;
3
-
Wirosari
area;
4
-
Nanggulan
and
Jiwo
area;
5
-
SE
Borneo;
6
-
Mangkalihat;
7
-
‘Tidoengsche
landen’;
8
-
Bo-
eloengan;
9
-
Melinau
Gorge;
10
-
Tonasa
Limestone;
11
-
Donggala;
12
-
Palossi;
13
-
Sumba;
14
-
Timor;
15
-
Chimbu
Limestone;
16
-
New
Britain;
17
-
Poh;
18
-
Bum;
19
-
Seram;
20
-
Misool;
21
-
Sabang,
West
Irian;
22
-
Lorentz
River,
West
Irian;
23
-
Putri
Adri,
West
Irian.
1.5-
2.5
inflated
lenticular
2.5-4.5
lenticular
4.5-7
flattened
lenticular
>7
flat

-28-
Review
of
previous
work
1
-
Indonesia
Sumatra
Very
few
fossiliferous
Eocene
and
Oligocene
deposits
are
known
from
Sumatra.
There
are
scattered
reports
of
Num-
mulites-bearing
deposits
in
northern
Sumatra
(e.g.,
Verbeek
et
al„
1881;
Tobler,
1923).
The
only
specimens
studied
herein
were
collected
by
Schroder
from
Nias
(Figure
4,
no.
1)
and
described
by
Douville
(1912b;
Table
1
here)
and
are
deposited
in
the
collections
of
the
Nationaal
Natuurhis-
torisch
Museum
(Naturalis)
at
Leiden
(NNM).
Most
sam-
ples
comprise
very
coarse
packstones
assigned
to
Ta
(Taj
of
Adams,
1970),
equivalent
to
the
Lutetian
or
lowermost
Bartonian
(Figure
5).
Nias
Douville,
Reinterpretation
N.
bagelensis
x
Oblique
section
of
a
striate
species
N.
bagelensis
x
Oblique
section
of
a
striate
species
N.
lamarcki
x
A-form
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
N.
laevigatus
x
B-form
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
N.
pengaronensis
x
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
N.
kelatensis
x
Palaeonummulites
beaumonti
A.
orientalis
Planocamerinoides
orientalis
x
A.
granulosa
x
Planocamerinoides
sp.
Figure
5.
Ages
of
the
deposits
studied.
Localities
with
deposits
of
Oligocene
age
on
Java
and
Sulawesi
are
not
shown.
Nummulites
Table
I.
Previously
published
records
of
from
Nias,
and
Assilina
Nias
Douville,
1912b
Reinterpretation
N.
bagelensis
X
Oblique
section
of
a
striate
species
N.
lamarcki
X
A-form
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
N.
laevigatas
X
B-form
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
N.
pengaronensis
X
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
N.
kelatensis
X
Palaeonummulites
beaumonti
A.
orientalis
X
Ptanocamerinoides
orientalis
A.
granulosa
X
Planocamerinoides
sp.

-29-
Java
The
Paleogene
deposits
of
Java
are
the
best
studied
in
In-
donesia
(Figure
4,
nos
2-4;
Figure
5)
and
are
consequently
covered
in
more
detail.
Early
workers,
such
as
Van
Dijk
(1872),
who
surveyed
for
coal
at
Nanggulan,
recognised
the
importance
of
Nummulites
found.
Verbeek
(1891)
and
Verbeek
&
Fennema
(1896)
located
nearly
all
the
Nummu-
lites-bearing
outcrops
in
Java
knowon
to
date,
of
which
Nanggulan
is
the
most
famous
on
account
of
its
exceptional
preservation.
Nanggulan
Douville,
Verbeek,
Martin,
Verbeek,
1891,
Doornink,
Reinterpretation
1912
b
1881
1881
Verbeek
and 1932
Fennema.
1896
N.
cf.
lamarcki
x
A-form
of
N.
djokdjokartae
N.
djokdjokartae
x x x
N.
djokdjokartae
x
pars
N.
djokdjokartae,
pars
N.
martini
(A-form)
N.
laevigatus
x x
pars
N.
djokdjokartae,
pars
N.
martini
N.
sp.
indet.
x
B-form
of
N.
djokdjokartae
N.
djokdjokartae
(B-form)
N.
vredenburgi
x
N.
nanggoelani
x
B-form
of
P.
pengaronensis
N.
pengaronensis
x x
N.
pustulosa
P.
pengaronensis
x
N.
variolarius
P.
songoensis
x
N.
orbignyi
P.
taballarensis
x
N.
irregularis
P.
crasseornatus
x
P.
crasseornatus
N.
cf.
lucasana
xno
material
available,
not
sufficiently
figured
by
Doornink
N.
semiglobula
x
P.
variolarius
western
Java
Verbeek,
1891
,
Doornink,
reinterpretation
Verbeekand
1932
Fennema.
1896
N.
javanus
x
pars
N.
javanus,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
bagelensis
x x
pars
N.
javanus
A-form,
pars
P.
variolarius
N.
perforatus
x
N.
gizehensis
N.
javanus
x
N.
mamilla
N.
boninensis
x
N.
hoogenraadi
P.
variolarius
x
A-form
of
N.
djokdjokartae
P.
beaumonti
x
N.
intermedia
N.
djokdjokartae
x
N.
divina
N.
fichteli
x
A-form
of
N.
absurda
N.
subbrongniarti
x see
remarks
at
N.
fichteli
Nanggulan,
just
west
of
Yogyakarta
and
type
locality
of
N.
djokdjokartae (Table
2),
was
at
first
dated
as
Oligocene
(Martin,
1881).
Martin
collected
new
samples
himself
in
1910
(Martin,
1915)
and
came
to
the
conclusion
that
it
must
be
of
Late
Eocene
age.
Even
this
age
was
not
easily
acquired,
and
Martin
followed
with
many
papers
suggest-
ing
that
the
Cainozoic
faunas
of
the
Indo-Pacific
had
de-
veloped
separately
from
those
of
Europe,
and
therefore
the
European
stratigraphic
scheme
could
not
be used
in
the
Far
East.
This
was
the
fundamental
reason
for
developing
the
Indonesian
letter
stages
that
were
first
published
in
1927
(Van
der
Vlerk
&
Umbgrove,
1927).
Most
recent
studies
have
shown
the
Nanggulan
section,
and
certainly
all
locali-
ties
which
have
yielded
larger
foraminifera,
to
be
of
Middle
Eocene
age,
well
within
zones
P12-P14,
with
the
plank-
tonic
foraminiferal
genera
Morozovella,
Acarinina
and
Truncorotaloides
present
throughout.
More
detailed
work,
including
a
revision
of
the
nannofossil
data
of
Okada
(1981),
has
shown
that
the
Nummulites-
bearing
sections
are
assignable
to
the
upper
part
of
NP16
(early
part
of
Okada’s
Table
2.
Previously
published
records
of
Nummulites
and
Assilina
from
Nanggulan.
Records
published
originally
as
Camerina
are
here
shown
as
Nummulites.
Table
3.
Previously
published
records
of
Nummulites
from
western
Java.
Records
published
originally
as
are
here
shown
as
Camerina
Nummulites.
Nanggulan
Douville,
Verbeek,
1912b
1881
Martin,
1881
Verbeek,
1891,
Verbeek
and
Fennema.
1896
Doornink,
1932
Reinterpretation
N.
cf.
lamarcki
X
A-form
of
N.
djokdjokartae
N.
djokdjokartae
X X
X
N.
djokdjokartae
X
pars
N.
djokdjokartae,
pars
N.
martini
(A-form)
N.
laevigatas
X X
pars
N.
djokdjokartae,
pars
N.
martini
(B-form)
N.
sp.
indet.
X
B-form
of
N.
djokdjokartae
N.
vredenburgi
X
N.
djokdjokartae
N.
nanggoelani
X
B-form
of
P.
pengaronensis
N.
pengaronensis
X X
P.
pengaronensis
N.
pustulosa
X
P.
songoensis
N.
variolarius
X
P.
taballarensis
N.
orbignyi
X
P.
crasseornatus
N.
irregularis
X
P.
crasseornatus
N.
cf.
lucasana
X
no
material
available,
not
sufficiently
figured
by
Doornink
N.
semiolobula
X
P.
variolarius
western
Java
Verbeek,
1891,
Verbeek
and
Fennema,
1896
Doornink,
1932
reinterpretation
N.
javanus
X
pars
N.
javanus,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
bagelensis
X
X
pars
N.
javanus
A-form,
pars
P.
variolarius
N.
perforates
X
N.
javanus
N.
gizehensis
X
N.
boninensis
N.
mamilla
X
P.
variolarius
N.
hoogenraadi
X
A-form
of
P.
beaumonti
N.
djokdjokartae
X
N.
djokdjokartae
N.
intermedia
X
N.
fichteli
N.
divina
X
A-form
of
N.
subbrongniarti
N.
absurda
X
see
remarks
at
N.
fichteli

-30-
CP
14),
with
Helicosphaera
salebrosa
and
Cribrocentrum
reticulatum
occurring
to
the
centre
of
the
anticline
(Lunt,
2000a).
This
narrow
age
range
straddles
the
Lutetian-
Bar-
tonian
stage
boundary
(Berggren
et
al.,
1995).
A
selection
of
clasts
from
the
Ta
Nummulites
fauna
described
above
have been
analysed
for
s7
Sr/
86
Sr
ratios.
These
appear
to
give
consistent
results,
but
it
must
be
stressed
that
seawater
calibration
curves
in
Middle
Eocene
times
have
such
a
low
gradient
that
the
error
in
calibrating
a
87
Sr/
8f
’Sr
ratio
to
GPTS
age
is
very
high.
An
exceptionally
well-preserved,
on
apparently
pristine,
glassy
tests
of
N.
djokjokartae
from
a
mudstone
sample
also
containing
nacreous
aragonitic
molluscan
fragments,
from
a
depth
of
12
m
in
a
core
at
the
centre
of
the
Nanggulan
anticline
yielded
a
87
Sr/
86
Sr
ratio
=
0.707722;
2
sem
(%)
0.000017,
age
38.8
(37.6-41.5)
Ma.
central
Java
(excluding
Verbeek,
1891,
Doornink,
reinterpretation
Nanggulan)
Verbeek
and
1932
Fennema.
1896
N.
javanus
x
pars
N.
javanus.
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
bagelensis
x
x
pars
N.
javanus
A-form,
pars
P.
variolarius
N.
perforatus
x
N.
javanus
N.
gizehensis
x
N.
laevigatus
N.
boninensis
x
B-form
of
N.
martini
N.
pengaronensis
x
P.
pengaronensis
N.
intermedia
x
B-form
of
N.
fichteii
N.
pustulosa
x
P.
songoensis
N.
densa
x
P.
beaumonti
N.
cf.
lucasana
x
no
material
available,
not
sufficiently
figured
by
Doornink
N.
semiglobula
x
A.
spira
P.
variolarius
x
x
PI.
sp.
A.
leymeriei
x
x
PI.
so.
All
Sr
isotope
ratios
used
in
this
paper
were
obtained
by
the
same
laboratory
using
the
following
parameters:
87
Sr/
86
Sr
ratios
normalised
to
86
Sr/
88
Sr
=
0.1194
87
Sr/
86
Sr
ratios
normalised
to
NBS987
87
Sr/“Sr
=
0.710235
Measured
NBS987
87
Sr/*
6
Sr
=
0.710251
±
0.0020%
(±
0.000014)
(95%
confidence
limits).
The
seawater
calibra-
tion
curve
of
Howarth
&
McArthur
(1997
(SIS
look-up
table
version
3,
October
1999)
is
used
for
age
calibration
to
the
OPTS
of
Berggren
et
al.
(1995).
The
given
error
range
is
larger
than
the
range
resulting
from
the
look-up
table
since
errors
in
the
measurement
and
the
nearest
linkage
method
for
calibration
of
the
ages
has
been
taken
into
ac-
count.
Other
Nummulites-
bearing
localities
in
Java
include
sections
with
a
history
as
old
as
Nanggulan,
such
as
the
various
outcrops
around
Karangsambung
and
Lukulo,
and
areas
to
the
north
in
the
district
of
Bagelen,
type
locality
of
N.
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891,
and
the
Jiwo
Hills
west
of
Yogyakarta,
a
primary
site
for
N.
javanus.
In
the
Bagelen
area,
apart
from
Karangsambung,
a
very
soft
scaly
clay
dominates,
but
rarely
crops
out
because
of
its
softness.
New
samples
from
Verbeek’s
Kali
Gua
are
from
here
and
have
yielded
N.
boninensis,
examined
for
the
present
paper.
These
specimens
were
from
very
large
boulders,
although
coin-like
loose
specimens
are
common
in
the
soil
there.
While
the
slightly
argillaceous
limestone
was
found
to
be
of
NP16
age,
as
based
on
associated
calcareous
nannofos-
sils,
with
a
consistent
Sr
date
from
a
Nummulites-clast
(see
below),
the
host
scaly
mudstone
is
correlated
with
similar
lithologies
nearby
as
well
as
a
few
kilometres
away
at
Worowari,
Kali
Bongbong
and
Sigugur,
where
planktonic
foraminifera,
calcareous
nannofossils
and
Sr
dates
all
point
to
an
Early
Oligocene
age
for
the
scaly
clay
olistotrome.
For
the
main
Karangsambung
section,
Paltrinieri
etui's
short
note
(1976)
did
not
extend
down
to
the
nummulitic
limestone
upon
which
the
LIPI
geological
field
camp
is
built.
Underlying
this
limestone
are
conglomerates
and
silts,
but
a
short
way
above
are
open
marine
mudstones
containing
a
diverse
planktonic
foraminifera
fauna
includ-
ing
Chiloguembelina
cubensis
(PI2
to
mid
P21),
Moro-
zovella
lehneri
(no
younger
than
P14),
Truncorotaloides
and
Acarinina
(no
younger
than
P14),
and
species
of
the
Turborotalia
cerroazulensis
lineage
in
the
range
of
the
pomeroli-cerroazulensis
subspecies
which
characterise
P12-13.
Nannofossils
suggest
the
older
part
of
this
range
(P12,
overlapping
with
upper
NP15)
as
based
on
Heli-
cosphaera
seminulum,
Cruciplacolithus
dela,
Blackites
gladius,
and
other
species
(nannofossils
identified
by
A.
Baky,
by
permission
of
Coparex
Banyumas
b.v.).
There
is
no
sign
of
scaly
clay
in
the
Eocene
at
Karangsambung.
The
Jatibungkus
Limestone
at
the
top
of
the
Karangsambung
section
is
at
least
a
laterally
discontinuous
olistolith
several
Table
4.
Previously
published
records
of
from
central
Java,
excluding
Nanggulan.
Records
published
originally
as
Nummulites
and
Assilina
Nummulites.
Camerina
are
here
shown
as
central
Java
(excluding
Nanggulan)
Verbeek,
1891,
Verbeek
and
Fennema,
1896
Doornink,
1932
reinterpretation
N.
Javan
us
X
pars
N.
javanus,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
bagelensis
X X
pars
N.
javanus
A-form,
pars
P.
variolarius
N.
perforatus
X
N.
javanus
N.
gizehensis
X
N.
boninensis
N.
laevigatus
X
B-form
of
N.
martini
N.
pengaronensis
X
P.
pengaronensis
N.
intermedia
X
B-form
of
N.
fichteli
N.
pustulosa
X
P.
songoensis
N.
densa
X
P.
beaumonti
N.
cf.
lucasana
X
no
material
available,
not
sufficiently
figured
by
Doornink
N.
semiglobula
X
P.
variolarius
A.
spira
X X
PI.
sp.
A.
levmeriei
XX
PI.
so.

-31
-
hundred
metres
wide
and
50-70
m
thick,
set
within
later
Middle
Eocene
turbidites.
Work
has
not
been
concluded
on
this
anomalous
bed,
the
age
of
which
is
still
unclear.
Verbeek
&
Fennema’s
survey
(1896)
detailed
several
localities
in
the
Banten
(Bantam)
area
(western
Java)
with
both
Eocene
rocks
and
younger
strata
characterised
by
re-
ticulate
Nummulites.
The
geologist
W.C.B.
Koolhoven
collected
specimens
which
were
made
available
to
Doom-
ink
for
inclusion
in
his
1932
paper
on
Javanese
nummu-
litids.
Doomink
(1932)
described
seven
new
species,
and
argued
that
N.
javanus
was
closely
related
to
both
N.
perfo-
rates
and,
in
part,
N.
gizehensis
(Forskal,
1775).
Among
his
new
species
was
Camerina
divina,
the
A-form
of
N.
subbrongniarti.
He
also
discussed
the
taxonomic
status
of
N.
subbrongniarti
and
argued
that that
species
was
syn-
onymous
with
N.
intermedius
d’Archiac,
1846,
now
the
B-
form
generation
of
N.
fichteli.
From
the
Nummulites-
bearing
strata
at
Watu
Perahu
(Jiwo
Hills),
distinct
Morozovella
planktonic
forams
can
be
recognised
in
the
limestones
and
subsequent
processing
of
weathered
limestone
in
soil
has
yielded
loose
specimens
of
this
genus,
as
well
as
?Acarinina.
The
brown
mudstones
overlying
the
Watu
Perahu
javanus
limestone
have
yielded
sparse
nannofossils,
including
Helicosphaera
compacta
and
H.
seminulum,
indicating
a
late
NP15
to
NP16
age,
but
no
planktonic
forams.
About
600
m
south
of
Watu
Perahu
is
a
short
dry
valley
(Pendul
section)
known
for
its
abun-
dant
loose
N.
javanus
as
well
as
metre-size
boulders
of
dark
grey
javanus
limestone,
often
containing
large
Plano-
camerinoides.
Another
400
m
south
is
the
village
of
Gamp-
ing,
famous
for
loose
Discocyclina
tests,
up
to
several
cen-
timetres
in
size,
released
by
the
thousands
into
the
brown
soil,
as
well
as
rarer
P.
pengaronensis.
This
facies
is
mapped
as
the
Gamping
Formation,
and
is
traditionally
considered
Late
Eocene
in
age,
but
on
no
specific
evidence.
The
Pendul
section
contains
clasts
centimetre-
to
metre-size
suspended
in
the
grey
mudstone,
and
nummulitids
are
a
major
part
of
those
clasts,
along
with
fragments
of
base-
ment.
The
Nummulites-bearing
sediment
here
is
a
pebbly
mudstone
or
olistotrome.
Low-grade
metamorphism
from
the
nearby
volcanic
intrusion
hampers
age
determination
but
a
concerted
recent
effort
appears
to
have
confirmed
a
general
Eocene
age
(P.
Lunt
and
A.
Baky,
pers.
obs.)
and
therefore
contrasts
with
the
olistostrome
from
the
Bagelan
area
in
which
‘N.
javanus
’
limestone
and
other
boulders
are
in
a
mud
matrix
of
Early
Oligocene
age.
The
Gamping
Beds
at
Jiwo,
a
few
hundred
metres
south
of
Watu
Perahu,
and
traditionally
considered
to
be
Late
Eocene,
have
been
redated
as
Middle
Eocene
(NP15-16,
based
on
the
presence
of
Acarinina
sp.
and
the
nannofossils
Discoaster
cf.
sai-
panesis,
Helicosphaera
dineseenii,
Pemma
sp.
in
a
poor
assemblage).
Outcrops
of
other
Eocene
strata
are
geographically
and
strati
graphic
ally
less
extensive
and
less
complete.
Several
isolated
occurrences
have
also
been
dated
using
nannofos-
sils
and
dinoflagellates.
The
new
Kali
Gua
samples,
con-
taining
N.
boninensis,
examined
for
the
present
paper,
was
found
to
be
of
NP16
age
based
on
associated
nannofossils.
Note,
however,
that
these
northerly
Lukolo
sites
(Kali
Gua,
Worowari,
Kali
Bongbong
and
Sigugur)
are
characterised
by
boulders
of
limestone
embedded
in
a
mudstone
which
is
currently
under
investigation
as
a
possible
scaly
clay
me-
lange
of
Early
Oligocene
age,
which
contains
olistoliths
of
basement
and
Eocene
lithologies.
Samples
collected
by
W.C.B.
Koolhoven
were
made
available
to
Doomink
for
inclusion
in
his
1932
paper.
Of
the
Eocene
samples
some
of
the
best
came
from
a
small
section
in
the
Cicarucup
Beds
(locality
Tji
Karang
in
Doomink).
Samples
from
this
locality
contained
common
Pellatispira
as
well
as
Doomink’s
Camerina
gerthi,
here
considered
to
be
synonymous
with
P.
pengaronensis.
The
type,
and
only
other,
locality
for
C.
gerthi
is
the
Gamping
Barat
or
Gunung
Gamping
locality
east
of
Yogya,
not
to
be
confused
with
the
village
of
Gamping
and
beds
at
Jiwo.
The
Gamping
Barat
locality
was
lost
(quarried
away),
but
has
been
relocated
for
the
present
paper.
Here,
P.
pen-
garonensis
is
seento
co-occur
with
abundant
Pellatispira
suggesting
a
younger
Eocene
age
than
the
other
Javanese
faunas
described
above.
In
the
xenoliths
brought
to
surface
by
the
mud
volcano
at
the
core
of
the
Sangiran
Dome
are
some,
head-sized
boulders
of
very
similar
Pellatispira-
rich
limestone
with
C.
gerthi/
P.
pengaronensis
as
well
as
fre-
quent
planktonic
foraminifera,
including
Porticulosphaera
semiinvoluta
(PIS
restricted).
Also
in
Banten
(western
Java)
are
some
of
the
better-
preserved
‘Tertiary
C’
localities,
made
famous
by
Tan
Sin
Hok
in
his
1932
monograph
on
Cycloclypeus,
and
contain-
ing
an
appendix
on
the
heterostegines
of
this
area.
This,
plus
nearby
sections
at
Cikalong
(Cimandiri)
and
Gunung
Walat,
contain
locally
abundant
N.
fichteli
and
N.
sub-
brongniarti.
These
classic
Lower
Oligocene
sites
have
al-
most
no
plankton,
just
sparse
nannofossils,
and
have
also
been
dated
through
Sr
isotopic
analysis.
Overlying
mid-
Oligocene
(Td)
samples
from
this
area
have been
treated
similarly,
as
have
other
Td
sites
from
eastern
Java,
records
of
which
have
not
been
published
previously
(localities
Pelang
and
Kujung).
These
Sr
analyses
are
on
picked
Nummulites
tests
from
mudstone
or
whole
rock,
and
while
slight
diagenesis
is
likely,
especially
in
whole
rock
sam-
ples,
the
data
seem
highly
consistent
between
samples.
All
three
Tc
samples
have
87
Sr/
86
Sr
ratios
that
fall
in
a
range
from
0.707787
34.1
(33.9-34.4)
Ma,
Cihara,
0.707792
33.9
(33.7-34.2)
Ma,
Cikalong,
to
0.707832
33.2
(32.7-33.7)
Ma,
Cimanggu.
The
Td
sample
from
Ciapus
is
from
just
above
the
first
appearance
of
Eulepidina,
which
defines
the
Tc-Td
boundary,
and
has
the
lowest
87
Sr/
86
Sr
ratio
for
this
letter
stage,
0.707892,
corresponding
to
32.0
(31.8-32.2)
Ma.
In
eastern
Java,
there
are
five
Td
data
points,
four
from
the
same
Kujung
area,
known
from
a
nearby
oil
well
(Ku-
jung-
1)
shown
to
be
well
above
the
base
of
Td,
and
possi-
bly
near
its
upper
limit.
These,
plus
the
small
Pelang
out-
crop
150
km
west,
all
share
87
Sr/
86
Sr
ratios
between
0.707955
to
0.708084,
corresponding
to
30.4-27.1
Ma.
Of
these
samples
the
near-basal
Td
sample
from
Ciapus
has

-32-
been
dated
as
the
lower
part
of
NP24,
based
on
the
co-
occurrence
of
Helicosphaera
recta,
H.
bramlettei,
H.
com-
pacta,
and
Sphenolithus
pseudoradians.
The
samples
from
within
(possibly
later)
Td,
in
the
Kujung
area
are
of
a
very
similar
age,
zone
P21
(lower
part),
based
on
the
presence
of
Globigerina
angulisuturalis
and
Chiloguembelina
cubensis.
Work
is
still
in
progress
on
the
Tc-Te
transitions,
and
a
detailed
discussion
is
beyond
the
scope
of
the
present
paper.
The
Nummulites
material
studied
herein
includes
sam-
ples
collected
by
Van
Dijk,
Doomink,
Martin
and
Verbeek,
all
deposited
in
the
NNM
collections.
Samples
containing
isolated
specimens
of
N.
javanus
from
western
Java
(Ban-
tam;
Figure
4,
no.
2)
were
also
studied
together
with
new
samples
collected
from
the
Eocene
at
Nanggulan,
Jiwo
Hills
and
Karangsambung
and
in
the
Kali
Gua
area
(Figure
4,
nos
3,
4).
There
are
a
total
of
25
samples
from
various
Nummulites-bearing
Oligocene
sites
including
Cijengkol
and
Cinagnang
in
southern
Bantam,
and
the
nearby
Cika-
long
(also
called
Cimandiri)
sites
in
the
old
Prianger
dis-
trict.
Borneo
Pengaron
Tidoengsche
Boeloengan
Mangkalihat
Marah
Melinau
Reinterpretation
district
Landen
(van
der
(van
der
Vlerk,
(Yabe,
Gorge
(Verbeek,
(van
der
Vlerk, Vlerk,
1929) 1929) 1921)
(Adams,
1871.
18741 19291 19651
N.
javanus
X
N.
javanus
N.
bagelensis
x
P.
variolarius
N.
sp.
(striate)
x
?
N.
striatus
x
A-form
of
P.
beaumonti
N.
biarritzensis
x
B-torm
of
P.
beaumonti
N.
pengaronensis
x x
P.
pengaronensis
N.
kelatensis
x
P.
beaumonti
N.
nuttalli
x
P. taballarensis
N.
thalicus
x
P. taballarensis
N.
mamilla
x
P.
variolarius
N.
variolarius
x
P.
variolarius
N.
cf.
divina
A-form
of
N.
subbrongniarti
N.
subbrongniarti
x
N.
fichteli
x x
pars
A-form
of
N.
fichteli,
pars
A-form
of
N.
fichteli
N.
subbrongniarti
x
N.
intermedius
x
B-form
of
N.
fichteli
A.
orientalis
x
Pl.
orientalis
A.
granulosa
x
PI.
sp.
Borneo
Borneo
has
numerous
deposits
of
Eocene
to
Oligocene
age.
Verbeek
(1871,1874)
was
the
first
to
describe
Nummulites
from
the
area
around
Banjarmasin,
describing
several
new
species
of
Middle
Eocene
to
Early
Oligocene
age,
includ-
ing
P.
pengaronensis
and
N.
subbrongniarti
(Figure
4,
no.
5;
Table
5).
Subsequent
studies
on
Eocene
deposits
by
Van
der
Vlerk
are
summarised
in
his
1929
paper
in
which
he
described
samples
from
the
area
between
Sangkuliran
and
Tarakan
(NE
Borneo),
which
contained
abundant
Nummu-
lites
(N.
thalicus
and
N.
nuttalli
comprising
nine
species
(Figure
4,
nos
6-8).
However,
he
named
the
A-
and
B-forms
of
each
species
separately
and
two
of
his
species
Davies,
1927)
are
now
synonymised
with
P.
taballarensis.
The
strata
studiedrange
in
age
from
early
Lutetian
to
Oligo-
cene.
These
samples,
together
with
additional
material
from
field
surveys,
are
housed
in
the
NNM
collections.
Adams
(1965)
described
the
Ta
through
Te
(basal
Bar-
tonian
to
Chattian)
succession
in
the
Melinau
Gorge
(Sara-
wak),
one
of
the
few
places
with
a
continuous
Middle
Eo-
cene
to
Oligocene
section,
although
around
the
Eocene-
Oligocene
boundary
the
sediments
are
poorly
fossiliferous
(Figure
4,
no.
9;
Table
5).
Sulawesi
Previously,
little
attention
has
been
paid
to
the
Nummulites
faunas
of
Sulawesi.
Dollfus
(1917)
briefly
examined
the
fossil
content
of
carbonates
found
on
Sulawesi.
Grotty
&
Engelhard!
(1993)
studied
the
larger
foraminifera
and
paly-
nomorphs
from
the
Tonasa
II
quarry,
whilst
Wilson
(1995)
studied
the
sedimentology
of
the
Tonasa
Formation
in
southwest
Sulawesi.
Several
of
Wilson’s
localities
were
visited
and
sampled
in
1997,
and
some
of
these
samples
have
been
dated
using
dinoflagellates
by
H.
Brinkhuis
are
here
shown
as
Table
5.
Previously
published
records
of
Nummulites
and
Assilina
from
Borneo.
Records
published
originally
as
Camerina
records
originally
published
as
Nummulites
(Assilina)
are
here
recorded
as
Assilina.
Nummulites,
Borneo
Pengaron
district
(Verbeek,
1871.
18741
Tidoengsche
Boeloengan
Landen
(van
der
(van
der
Vlerk, Vlerk,
1929)
19291
Mangkalihat
Marah
Melinau
(van
der
Vlerk,
(Yabe,
Gorge
1929) 1921)
(Adams,
1965)
Reinterpretation
N.
Javan
us
X
N.
Javanus
N.
bagelensis
X
P.
variolarius
N.
sp.
(striate)
X
?
N.
striatus
X
A-form
of
P.
beaumonti
N.
biarritzensis
X
B-form
of
P.
beaumonti
N.
pengaronensis
X X
P.
pengaronensis
N.
kelatensis
X
P.
beaumonti
N.
nuttalli
X
P. taballarensis
N.
thalicus
X
P.
taballarensis
N.
mamilla
X
P.
variolarius
N.
variolarius
X
P.
variolarius
N.
cf.
divina
A-form
of
N.
subbrongniarti
N.
subbrongniarti
X
N.
fichteli
X
X
pars
A-form
of
N.
fichteli
,
pars
A-form
of
N.
subbrongniarti
N.
fichteli
X
N.
intermedius
X
B-form
of
N.
fichteli
A.
orientalis
X
PI.
orientalis
A.
aranuiosa
X
PI.
so.

-33-
(Universiteit
Utrecht,
pers.
comm.)
as
approximately
late
Lutetian
to
Priabonian.
In
the
Ralla
area,
Nummulites-
bearing
deposits
range
from
at
least
late
Lutetian
to
Priab-
onian
in
age,
with
abundant
isolated
specimens
in
the
P15-
P17
interval
(stratigraphic
data
in
Wilson,
1995;
Figure
4,
no.
10
here).
Sulawesi
Tonasa
(van
der
Donggala
Central
Sulawesi
Central
Reinterpretation
Vlerk
&
Dozy,
(Osimo,
(Rutten
in
Sulawesi
1934;Crotty&
1908)
Waterschoot
van
der
(Dollfus,
Engelhardt,
1993;
Gracht,
1915)
1917)
Wilson.
19951
N.
javanus
x x x x
pars
N.
javanus,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
elegans
x
N.
heeri
P.
variolarius
x
N.
guettardi
\
P.
variolarius
x
A.
umbilicata
P.
variolarius
x
N.
djokdjokartae
Pl.
umbilicata
x
N.
laevigata
x
N.
martini
N.
bagelensis
x
pars
N.
javanus,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
kelatensis
x
P.
beaumonti
N.
cf.
globula
x
P.
so.
Osimo
(1908)
described
a
Priabonian
fauna
from
Donggala
(northern
Sulawesi;
see
Figure
4,
no.
11
here),
although
these
specimens
have
not
been
restudied.
Other
specimens
studied
herein
comprise
Eocene
larger
fo-
raminifera
from
several
localities
in
central
and
eastern
Sulawesi
(Kalossi
and
Poh)
that
have
not
been
published,
but
are
deposited
in
the
NNM
collections.
Based
on
the
nummulitids
found,
these
strata
range
from
middle
Lutetian
to
Bartonian
in
age
(Figure
4,
no.
12).
The
previously
pub-
lished
records
of
Nummulites
and
Assilina
from
Sulawesi
are
summarised
in
Table
6.
At
the
Institut
fiir
Palaontologie
(Universitat
Bonn),
samples
collected
and
published
by
Wanner
(1912)
from
the
eastern
branch
of
Sulawesi
were
available
for
study.
These
contain
numerous
thin
sections
and
rock
samples.
From
locality
257,
Bach
Pang,
five thin
sections
of
a
small
miliolid-algal
bioclastic
packstone
were
available
for
study.
Sumba
Caudri.
1934
reinterpretation
A.
aff.
granulosa-exponens
x
PI. sp.
and/or
A.
orientalis
Pl.
umbilicata
x
N.
bagelensis
Pl.
orientalis
x
not
described,
nor
figured
N.
borneensis
x
N.
discoidea
P.
taballarensis
x
PI.
sp.
N.
djokdjokartae
x
N.
fichteli
x
pars
A-from
of
N.
fichteli,
pars
A-form
of
N,
subbrongniarti
N.
aff.
irregularis
x
N.
javanus
P.
crasseornatus
var.
ax
B-form
of
N.
javanus
N.
boninensis
var.
8
x
B-form
of
N.
kemmerlingi
N.
javanus
x
see
remarks
-
N.
kelatensis
P.
crasseornatus
X
N.
pengaronensis
P.
beaumonti
x
P.
pengaronensis
N.
aff.
taballarensis
x
P.
taballarensis
N.
cf.
variolaria
x
P.
variolarius
These
contain
numerous
Alveolina
timorensis
Verbeek
in
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
1896,
and
additionally
a
large
and
a
small
species
of
Alveolina.
Also
present
are
P.
variolarius.
P.
cf.
pengaronensis.
N.
javanus
(A-form),
and
a
disco-
Table
6.
Previously
published
records
of
Nummulites
and
Assilina
from
Sulawesi.
Records
published
originally
as
Camerina
are
here
recorded
as
Nummulites.
Table
7.
Previously
published
records
of
Nummulites
and
Assilina
from
Sumba.
Records
published
originally
as
Camerina
are
here
recorded
as
Nummulites.
Sulawesi
Tonasa
(van
der
Donggala
Vlerk
&
Dozy,
(Osimo,
1934;
Grotty
&
1908)
Engelhardt,
1993;
Wilson.
19951
Central
Sulawesi
(Rutten
in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915)
Central
Sulawesi
(Dollfus,
1917)
Reinterpretation
N.
Javanus
X
X X X
pars
N.
javanus
,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
elegans
X
P.
varioiarius
N.
heeri
X
P.
varioiarius
N.
guettardi
X
P.
varioiarius
A.
umbilicata
X
PI.
umbilicata
N.
djokdjokartae
X
N.
laevigata
X
N.
martini
N.
bagelensis
X
pars
N.
javanus
,
pars
N.
boninensis
N.
kelatensis
X
P.
beaumonti
N.
cf.
alobula
X
P.
so.
Sumba
Caudri.
1934
reinteroretation
A.
aff.
granulosa-exponens
X
PI.
sp.
and/or
PI.
umbilicata
A.
orientalis
X
PI.
orientalis
N.
bagelensis
X
not
described,
nor
figured
N.
borneensis
X
P.
taballarensis
N.
discoidea
X
PI.
sp.
N.
djokdjokartae
X
N.
fichteli
X
pars
A-from
of
N.
fichteli,
pars
A-form
of
N.
subbrongniarti
N.
aff.
irregularis
X
P.
crasseornatus
N.
javanus
var.
a
X
B-form
of
N.
boninensis
N.
javanus
var.
13
X
B-form
of
N.
javanus
N.
kemmerlingi
X
see
remarks
P.
crasseornatus
N.
kelatensis
X
P.
beaumonti
N.
pengaronensis
X
P.
pengaronensis
N.
aff.
taballarensis
X
P.
taballarensis
N.
cf.
variolaria
X
P.
variolarius

-34-
cyclinid
resembling
Discocyclina
molengraaffi
Henrici,
1934.
Samples
labelled
‘250
Liangbolo’
and
‘251
Liang-
bolo
nach
Tuhan’
contain
P.
variolarius,
P.
pengaronensis,
Borelis,
large
Discocyclina
and
Spiroclypeus
,
a
typical
Priabonian
assemblage.
Wanner
(1907)
presented
a
differ-
ent
species
list.
Sumba
Caudri
(1934)
studied
the
larger
foraminifera
from
Sumba
and
described
faunas
of
‘Tertiary
A,
Tb, Tc,
Td’
and
younger
age,
with
definitions
consistent
with
modem
usage
(Ta
being
undivided
except
into
fossiliferous
and
unfos-
siliferous
parts,
equivalent
to
Ta.i
of
Adams,
1970).
Be-
cause
Camerina
taballarensis
and
C.
borneensis
Caudri,
1934
were
later
reassigned
to
Ranikothalia,
a
genus
re-
stricted
to
the
Upper
Paleocene
and
lowermost
Lower
Eo-
cene,
Ta
of
Caudri
(1934)
is
sometimes
interpreted
as
Lower
Eocene,
but
there
is
no
evidence
for
assigning
this
age
to
these
rocks.
There
is
probably
a
hiatus
at
the
end
of
the
Eocene
with
much
of
the
Priabonian
missing,
which
would
match
new
biostratigraphic
work
in
Java,
at
Nanggulan
and
Karang-
sambung.
Nummulites
were
found
in
Middle
Eocene
to
Oligocene
deposits
(Table
7).
Some
of
these
samples
were
deposited
in
the
NNM
collections,
and
these
have
been
restudied
(Figure
4,
no.
13).
Moluccas
The
Eocene
of
the
Moluccas
is
poorly
known.
Wanner
(1907,
1910,
1922)
published
on
the
general
geology
of
the
islands
of
Bum,
Misool
and
Seram.
On
Bum
and
Seram,
Eocene
deposits
are
rare.
In
Wanner’s
collections
at
the
Institut
fur
Palaontologie
(Universitat
Bonn)
thin
sections
comprise
a
small-miliolid
packstone
with
some
alveolinids,
together
with
P.
cf.
variolarius
(thin
sections
labelled
118,
119).
No
isolated
specimens
were
available
for
study
to
verify
this
identification.
Thin
sections
(labelled
170,
Ka-
maka
Wallar)
from
another
locality
contain
numerous
P.
variolarius,
large
Discocyclina,
Borelis,
Operculina
and
Pellatispira,
a
typical
Late
Eocene
assemblage.
All
Eocene
samples
from
Misol
and
Seram
available
for
study
comprise
small-miliolid
packstones,
with
alveolinids,
rare
N.
javanus
A-forms
and
N.
boninensis
A-forms
(sam-
ple
labelled
Wai
Sasifu).
Timor
Henrici.
1934
reinterpretation
N.
perforata
x
N.
bonleonensis
N.
javanus
x
A-form
of
N.
bagelensis
N.
javanus
x
N.
guettardi
P.
variolarius
x
A-form
of
P.
sp.
N.
variolaria
x
P.
variolarius
N.
cf.
globula
x
P.
sp.
N.
pengaronensis
x
N.
kelatensis
P.
pengaronensis
x
N.
crasseornata
P.
beaumonti
x_
P.
crasseornatus
Timor
The
only
work
concerning
Eocene
larger
foraminifera
of
Timor
is
Henrici’s
paper
(1934),
in
which
there
are
nine
(after
revision
five)
species
of
Nummulites
(Table
8).
These
range
in
age
from
earliest
Lutetian
to
Priabonian.
His
origi-
nal
samples
are
deposited
in
the
Geologisch
Museum
(Technische
Universiteit
Delft)
and
at
the
Institut
fur
Palaontologie
(Universitat
Bonn),
and
these
have been
re-
studied
(Figure
4,
no.
14).
This
has
led
to
the
recognition
of
some
species
previously
unrecorded
from
Timor,
among
which
are
N.
boninensis
(several
localities
represented
in
the
Molengraaff
Collection),
and
N.
martini
n.
sp.
(only
from
Uwaki,
collected
by
Wanner).
Samples
labelled
Bonleo,
Miomaffo
and
Harmeno
con-
tain
the
planktonic
foraminifer
Cribrohantkenina
cf.
m-
flata,
and
are
of
probable
PI
6
age.
All
three
samples
have
a
very
similar
larger
benthic
foraminiferal
fauna
with
P.
variolarius,
Discocyclina
and
Borelis.
Other
species
pre-
sent
are
P.
pengaronensis
in
samples
from
Miomaffo
and
Harmeno,
and
Orthocyclina
soeroeanensis
van
der
Vlerk,
1923
and
Pellatispira
only
from
Miomaffo,
a
typical
Tb
(Priabonian)
assemblage.
A
sample
labelled
Uwaki
con-
tains
the
planktonic
foraminifera
Morozovella
lehneri
and
Acarinina
sp.,
of
P12-P14
age,
together
with
N.
javanus
and
Alveolina
timorensis.
West
Papua
Several
samples
from
the
Birds
Head,
Lorentz
River
and
Bibis
River
collected
by
Wanner
are
present
in
the
collec-
tions
at
the
Institut
fur
Palaontologie
(Universitat
Bonn).
Most
of
these
samples
are
of
Middle
Eocene
age.
A
sample
labelled
142
from
‘Arguni
Bai,
Abfall
Gusi
Gebirges’
(Fig-
ure
4,
no.
21)
contains
Lacazinella
and
P.
variolarius.
an-
other
sample
(labelled
24)
from
the
same
area
yields
N.
javanus
(A-form)
and
N.
boninensis
(A-form,
identified
as
N.
bagelensis
by
Wanner).
In
samples
from
Pulau
Adi
(Figure
4,
no.
22),
P.
pen-
garonensis
together
with
N.
javanus
were
observed,
whilst
Table
8.
Previously
published
records
of
are
here
recorded
as
Nummulites
and
Assilina
from Timor.
Records
published
originally
as
Camerina
Nummulites.
Timor
Henrici.
1934
reinterpretation
N.
perforata
X
N.
javanus
N.
bonteonensis
X
A-form
of
N.
javanus
N.
bagetensis
X
P.
variolarius
N.
guettardi
X
A-form
of
P.
sp.
N.
variolaria
X
P.
variolarius
N.
cf.
globula
X
P.
sp.
N.
pengaronensis
X
P.
pengaronensis
N.
kelatensis
X
P.
beaumonti
N.
crasseornata
X
P.
crasseornatus

-35
-
samples
from
Etna
Bai
(Figure
4,
no.
23)
contain
several
specimens
of
N.
djokdjokartae
(A-
and
B-forms,
identified
as
N.
cf.
laevigatus
by
Wanner).
The
single
recognisable
species
from
another
sample
is
P.
variolarius.
Beyond
Indonesia
Philippines
Very
little
is
known
about
the
occurrence
and
distribution
of
larger
foraminifera,
especially
Nummulites,
in
the
Phil-
ippines.
Douville
(1911)
reported
on
larger
foraminifera,
but
did
not
describe
any
Paleogene
deposits.
Between
1978
and
1985,
several
papers
by
a
group
of
Japanese
scientists
(Hashimoto
&
Matsumaru,
1978,
1981b,
c,
1984;
Hashi-
moto
et
al.,
1978a-c,
1979),
describing
the
larger
fo-
raminifera
from
the
Philippines
came
out,
which
in
part
dealt
with
Eocene
and
Oligocene
deposits.
Their
specimens
were
not
available
for
restudy.
Moreover,
their
figured
specimens
often
comprise
oblique
sections
or
fragments
of
specimens,
which
do
not
allow
positive
identification.
Co-
sico
et
al.
(1989)
described
larger
foraminifera
from
the
Visayas
Islands,
central
Philippines,
and
summarised
the
history
of
larger
foraminiferal
research
in
the
Philippines.
The
oldest
unit
they
described
was
the
Late
Eocene
Pella-
tispira
Zone,
which
did
not
contain
any
Nummulites.
The
only
species
of
Nummulites
they
recorded
is
N.
fichteli
from
the
overlying
Early
Oligocene
biozone.
Papua
New
Guinea
Papers
by
Binnekamp
(1973)
and
Bain
&
Binnekamp
(1973)
are
the
main
studies
dealing
with
the
Cainozoic
(mainly
Paleogene)
larger
foraminifera
from
Papua
New
Guinea.
Several
other
studies
havebeen
undertaken
mainly
dealing
with
Upper
Oligocene
to
Miocene
deposits.
Binne-
kamp
(1973)
found
P.
pengaronensis
co-occurring
with
Pellatispira,
indicating
a
probable
Priabonian
or
late
Bar-
tonian
age.
In
Bain
&
Binnekamp’s
(1973)
study
a
larger
stratigraphical
interval
was
covered,
and
they
found
N.
javanus
and
N.
fichteli
together
with
the
only
published
record
of
N.
vascus
Joly
&
Leymerie,
1848
known
from
the
Indo-West
Pacific.
Their
N.
vascus
specimens
resemble
P.
pengaronensis,
but
lack
an
axial
plug.
However,
the
pres-
ence
of
an
axial
plug
is
highly
variable
in
P.
pengaronen-
sis,
which
led
Doomink
(1932)
to
separate
N.
semiglobulus
Doomink,
1932
from
P.
pengaronensis
based
on
the
pres-
ence
of
an
axial
plug
in
the
latter.
Doomink’s
specimens
of
N.
semiglobulus
show
the
beginning
of
the
development
of
an
axial
plug
as
do
the
specimens
of
N.
vascus
figured
by
Bain
&
Binnekamp (1973).
Their
specimens
were
not
available
for
study.
Western
Pacific
Numerous
studies
have been
undertaken
on
atolls
in
the
western
Pacific,
but
Paleocene-Eocene
sedimentary
rocks
generally
are
lacking.
Cole
&
Bridges
(1953)
and
Cole
(1954,
1956,
1957,
1963)
described
the
larger
foraminifera
from
various
boreholes
in
Saipan,
Eniwetok
and
Bikini.
Cole
described
N.
saipanensis
in
Cole
&
Bridges
(1953),
and
recorded
N.
djokdjokartae
from
Saipan
(Cole,
1954).
On
Bikini,
Cole
(1954)
recorded
P.
pengaronensis,
and
in
his
synonymy
of
this
species
he
included
N.
saipanensis.
Hanzawa
(1957)
described
the
foraminifera
Ifom
Microne-
sia,
including
Saipan,
recording
P.
pengaronensis,
N.
ba-
gelensis
(=
N.javanus)
and
P.
striatus
(Bruguiere,
1792).
In
his
opinion,
the
latter
is
a
senior
synonym
of
N.
sai-
panensis.
Deprat
(1905)
described
the
larger
foraminifera
from
New
Caledonia,
comprising
N.
djokdjokartae,
N.
nangoulani
Deprat,
1905
(=
P.
pengaronensis),
N.
ba-
gelensis
(=
N.
javanus)
and
N.
variolarius
(=
Palaeonum-
mulites
variolarius).
Japan
Studies
on
Japanese
Nummulites
are
mainly
from
the
Bonin
Islands.
Hanzawa
(1947)
described
N.
boninensis,
whilst
Matsumaru
(1984,
1994,
1996)
restudied
these
specimens
as
well
as
additional
material.
Matsumaru
(1996)
subdi-
vided
N.
boninensis
into
five
species.
Matsumaru
(1996)
described
the
complete
Eocene
larger
foraminifera
fauna
from
the
Bonin
Islands
dividing
the
fauna
into
three
assem-
blages,
two
of
which
contain
Nummulites.
The
Nummulites-
bearing
part
of
the
Eocene
on
the
Bonin
Islands
may be
assigned
a
P12-P14
age,
based
on
the
occurrence
of
plank-
tonic
foraminifera
(
Morozovella
sp.,
Acarinina
sp.
and
Turborotalia
cerroazulensis,
and
hantkeniids;
see
Matsu-
maru,
1996),
and
is
thus
contemporaneous
with
the
Nang-
gulan
section
in
Java.
The
oldest
assemblage
comprises
N.
boninensis,
N.
javanus
and
P.
pengaronensis,
and
is
assigned
a
late
Ta
(
(late
Lutetian)
age.
The
middle
assemblage
comprises
mainly
P.
pengaronensis
and
N.
javanus,
and
is
assigned
a
Bartonian
age.
The
uppermost
assemblage
contained
no
in
situ
Nummulites
and
was
assumed
to
be
late
Bartonian
or
earliest
Priabonian
in
age
on
the
basis
of
the
presence
of
planktonic
foraminifera.
Systematic
palaeontology
Order
Foraminiferida
Eichwald,
1830
Suborder
Rotaliina
Delage
&
Herouard,
1896
Superfamily
Nummulitacea
de
Blainville,
1827
Family
Nummulitidae
de
Blainville,
1827
Subfamily
Nummulitinae
de
Blainville,
1827
Diagnosis
—
‘Test
planispiral,
involute
or
evolute
with
numerous
median
chambers
which
may be
simple
or
di-
vided
into
chamberlets,
with
or
without
lateral
chamberlets;
complex
canal
system
of
septal,
marginal
and
axial
canals;
aperture
an
arched
slit
over
the
apertural
face’
(Loeblich
&
Tappan,
1987).
Discussion
—
The
family
Nummulitidae
ranges
from
the
Paleocene
to
the
present
(Loeblich
&
Tappan,
1987)
in

-36-
predominantly
tropical
marine
environments.
The
family
contains
sixteen genera,
eleven
of
which
have been
found
in
the
Indo-Pacific.
Of
these,
only
those
with
simple
undi-
vided
chambers
are
relevant
to
the
present
study.
The
ge-
neric
descriptions
in
the
following
sections
are
based
on
Haynes
(1988)
and
Haynes
et
al.
(in
press).
Genus
Nummulites
Lamarck,
1801
Type
species
—
Camerina
laevigata
Bruguiere,
1792,
by
subsequent
designation.
Diagnosis
—
Test
discoidal
to
globular,
commonly
large,
up
to
12
cm
in
diameter
in
B-form;
dimorphism
pro-
nounced
in
larger
species;
planispirally,
rather
tightly
coiled,
involute;
primary
septa
straight,
curved
or
undulate.
secondary
septa
present;
chambers
undivided
with
a
dis-
tinct,
fine
to
moderately
thick
marginal
cord.
Pillars
often
present
and
may
appear
as
pustules
on
the
outer
test
sur-
face.
Stratigraphic
range
—
Paleocene-Middle
Oligocene,
Tethys.
Discussion
-
Most
records
of
Nummulites
from
the
Carib-
bean,
North
and
South
America
should
be
reassigned
to
Palaeonummulites
(see
Blondeau,
1972;
Haynes,
1988).
Large
species
showing
marked
dimorphism
are
especially
common
in
the
Middle
Eocene.
The
group
comprises
nu-
merous
lineages
in
the
Eocene,
with
only
a
few
species
extending
into
the
Oligocene.
Nummulites
boninensis
Hanzawa,
1947
Figures
6,
27A-C;
Tables
9,
10
1891
Nummulites
javanus
var.
Verbeek,
p.
105.
1896
Nummulites
javanus
var.
Verbeek,
1891
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1096.
1915
Camerina
gizehensis
(Forskal,
1775)
-
Rutten
in
Water-
schoot
van
der
Gracht,
p.
54.
1926a
Camerina
gizehensis
(Forskal,
1775)
-
Nuttall,
p.
139.
1931
Camerina
gizehensis
(Forskal,
1775)-Umbgrove,
p.
50.
1932
Camerina
gizehensis
(Forskal,
1775)
-Doomink,
p.
272.
*1947
Nummulites
boninensis
Hanzawa,
p.
254,
pis
39,
40.
1970
Nummulites
gizehensis
(Forskal,
1775)-Adams,
p.
122,
1995
Nummulites
boninensis
Hanzawa
-
Racey,
p. 36.
Material
—
>25
specimens
from
Kali
Gua
(central
Java),
including
five
axial
sections
and
five
equatorial
sections
of
A-forms
and
two
axial
and
five
equatorial
sections
of
B-
Nummulites
boninensis
Hanzawa,
1947
Figure
6.
Coiling
diagram
of

-37-
forms
(RGM
202020);
>
25
specimens
from
Sungai
Ular
(southwest
Sulawesi),
including
five
equatorial
and
one
axial
sections
of
B-forms,
and
four
equatorial
sections
of
A-forms
(RGM
202016,
RGM
202017),
plus
five
speci-
mens
from
Timor,
including
one
axial
section
of
an
A-
form,
and
four
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
(Technische
Universiteit
Delft).
Description
—
A-form:
test
lenticular
with
a
sharp
margin,
diameter
up
to
7
mm,
thickness
up
to
2.5
mm;
D/T
=
3.
Septal
filaments
radiating,
and
strongly
curved
with
gran-
ules
over
entire
test
surface
on
and
between
septal
fila-
ments,
becoming
denser
and
larger
towards
the
poles.
Spire
comprises
five
whorls,
the
first
two
rather
high,
the
latter
Remarks
—
Some
of
the
specimens
used
in
the
original
description
of
Nummulites
javanus
are
actually
referable
to
N.
boninensis.
For
example,
although
N.
javanus
var.
and
of
Verbeek
(1891)
are
slightly
smaller
than
the
specimens
found
at
Kali
Gua
and
in
Sulawesi,
they
have
the
same
in-
ternal
structure
and
surface
ornament
and
should
be
in-
cluded
in
N.
boninensis.
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
was
also
described
as
comprising
several
variations
and
N.
bagelensis
I
Verbeek
is
very
similar
to
the
A-form
of
N.
boninensis.
The
original
description
of
N.
boninensis
refers
to
a
species
in
which
the
B-form
differs
from
N.
gizehensis
by
its
sharper
periphery,
more
regular
coiling
without
interca-
latory
whorls,
thicker
marginal
cord
(equalling
chamber
height
vs
half
of
chamber
height
in
N.
gizehensis).
In
axial
more
tightly
coiled
(Figure
6).
Chambers
initially
1.5-2x
higher
than
broad,
becoming
isometric
in
later
whorls.
Marginal
cord
l
A
of
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
pillars
are
concentrated
in
the
polar
region
occasionally
reaching
the
test
surface.
Proloculus
large,
0.55-1.0
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
discoidal
with
an
undulose,
sharp
periphery,
diameter
26
to
45
mm,
thickness
up
to
6
mm;
D/T
=
6.5
(5.8-9.1).
Numerous
granules
occur
on
and
between
the
meandriform
septal
filaments
over
the
entire
test
surface,
but
are
commoner
in
the
polar
region.
In
equatorial
section,
the
spire
opens
regularly,
tightening
in
the
last
few
whorls
(Figure
6)
and
consisting
of
up
to
40
whorls.
Chambers
higher
than
broad
in
the
initial
whorls,
1.5-2x
broader
than
high
in
the
final
whorls.
Septa
oblique, straight.
Marginal
cord
thick,
half
the
chamber
height
in
the
outer
whorls.
In
axial
section,
there
are
numerous
pillars,
some
of
which
reach
the
surface
of
the
test.
In
axial
section
with
many,
very
fine
pillars,
especially
in
the
polar
region,
most
of
which
do
not
reach
the
outer
surface.
Spiral
laminae
thick
in
the
peripheral
region,
but
very
thin
in
the
polar
region.
section,
the
pillars
are
more
pronounced
than
in
N.
gizehen-
sis.
The
specimens
from
Sulawesi
exactly
match
this
de-
scription
although
the
maximum
size
of
the
specimens
is
less
(diameter
up
to
40
mm
vs
60
mm
in
Ogasawara
Is-
land).
Matsumaru
(1984)
restudied
N.
boninensis
and
con-
cluded
that
specimens
described
under
this
name
from
Ogasawara
Island
would
be
better
attributed
to
three
differ-
ent
taxa,
N.
aturicus
Joly
&
Leymerie
1848,
N.
aturi-
cus/perforatus,
and
N.
perforatus
(Denys
de
Montfort,
1808).
In
1996,
Matsumaru
recognised
four
larger
Nummu-
lites
species,
viz.
N.
aturicus,
N.
gizehensis,
N.
millecaput
(Boubee,
1832)
and
N.
perforatus.
The
species
mentioned
by
Matsumaru
as
‘N.
gizehensis’
does
not
fit
the
descrip-
tion
given
by
Schaub
(1981,
1995)
and
Racey
(1995),
in
Table
9.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Nummulites
boninensis
Hanzawa.
Table
10.
Whorl
number
and
radius
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
boninensis
Hanzawa,
showing
the
difference
between
two
populations,
from
Java
and
Sulawesi,
The
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
could
not
be
counted
due
to
flexure
of
the
test.
Whorl
number
1
2345
Radius
(mm)
0.8
1.4 1,9 2.2 2.5
Chambers
7 12
21
23
-
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
Radius
(mm)-Java
0.16
0.36
0.58
0.80
1.1
1.4
1.8
2.29 2.62
3.1 3.5
4.0 4.5
Radius
(mm)-Sulawesi
0.17
0.31
0.48 0.63
0.92
1.28 1.55 1.86
2.23 2.69 3.05 3.44 3.94
Whorl
number
14
15
16 17 18 19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Radius
(mm)-Java
5.0
5.7
6.4 7.0 7.6 8.0
8.6
9.2 9.9
10.5 11.0 11.7 12.2
Radius
(mm)-Sulawesi
4.48 4.75 5.16 5.58 6.12
6.46
6.88 7.48 8.00 8.53 8.98 9.37
10.0
Whorl
number
27
28 29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37 38
39
Radius
(mm)-Java
12.9 13.5
14.0 14.4 14.9 15.5
16.1
16.6 16.9 17.2 17.5
- -
Radius
(mm)-Sulawesi
10.5 11.0
11.4
11.7
12.2
12.7
13.0
13.5 13.9 14.3
15
15.6
5.9
Whorl
number
40
41
42 43 44 45
Radius
(mm)-Java
-
-
- -
- -
Radius
(mm)-Sulawesi
16.0
16.1
16.2 16.3 16.4 16.4

-38-
that
it
lacks
intercalatory
whorls
[1-11
in
the
specimens
of
Schaub
(1981,
1995)
and
Racey
(1995)],
and
in
having
a
thicker
marginal
cord
and
test.
These
characteristics
are
sufficient
to
distinguish
N.
boninensis
from
N.
gizehensis.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Ralla
(SW
Su-
lawesi),
Kali
Gua
(central
Java)
and
several
localities
in
Timor.
Elsewhere:
Hillsborough
Island
(Japan)
and
Oman
(Racey,
1995).
Stratigraphic
range
—
Bartonian
in
Sulawesi
(nannoplank-
ton
[NP17]
and
dinoflagellate
age
assignments
[H.
Brink-
huis,
pers.
comm.]);
Bartonian
(P13-P14)
in
Hillsborough
Island
(Hanzawa,
1947;
Matsumaru,
1996),
and
co-
occurring
with
N.
perforatus
and
N.
lyelli
d'Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
in
Oman,
suggesting
an
early
Bartonian
age
(SBZ
17;
Serra-Kiel
et
al.,
1998).
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia
is
interpreted
to
be
Middle
Eocene
(Ta.i,
or
Bartonian).
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
(Martin,
1881)
Figures
7,
24A,
B,
G-J,
25D,
E;
Tables
11,12
*1881
Nummulina
djokdjokartae
Martin,
p.
109.
1891
Nummulites
jogjakartae
[sic]
Martin,
1881
-
Verbeek,
p.
116.
1896
Nummulites
jogjakartae
[sic]
Martin,
1881
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1106.
1896
Nummulites
javanus
var.
6
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1098.
1899
Nummulites
djokjokartae
[sic]
Martin,
1881
-
Newton
&
Holland,
p.
255.
1905
Nummulites
jogjakartae
[sic]
Martin
1881
-
Deprat,
p.
495.
*1906
Nummulites
douvillei
Vredenburg,
p.
79.
*1908
Nummulites
vredenburgi
Prever
in
Vredenburg,
p.
239.
1908
Nummulites
djokjokartae
[sic]
Martin,
1881
-
Osimo,
p.
33.
1912a
Nummulites
vredenburgi
Prever,
1908
-
Douville,
p.
280.
1912a
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
Martin,
1881
-
Douville,
p.
283.
1915
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
Martin,
1881
-Martin,
p,
194.
1917
Nummulites
laevigatas
Lamarck
var.
vredenburgi
Prever
-
Dollfus,
p.
972.
1917
Nummulites
djokjakarta
[sic]
Martin,
1881
-
Dollfus,
p.
973.
1926a
Nummulites
acutus
(Sowerby,
1840)
—
Nuttall,
p. 133.
1929
Nummulites
vredenburgi
Prever,
1908
-
Gerth,
p.
598.
1932
Camerina
djokdjokartae
Martin,
1881
-
Doomink,
p.
281.
1957
Camerina
djokdjokartae
(Martin,
1881)-
Cole,
p,
329.
1959
Nummulites
acutus
{
Sowerby,
1840)-Nagappa,
p.
145.
Material
—
Numerous
individuals,
comprising
eighteen
equatorial
sections
of
A-forms,
and
fifteen
of
B-forms,
plus
five
axial
sections
of
A-forms
and
five
axial
sections
of
B-
forms
from
Nanggulan
(Java)
(RGM
3320,
RGM
3334,
RGM
47196).
Two
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Poh
(Sulawesi;
Universitat
Bonn)
and
five
equatorial
sec-
tions
of
A-forms,
plus
five
of
B-forms
from
Banten
(Java;
RGM
202021).
Description
—
A-form:
lenticular
with
rounded
periphery;
diameter
up
to
5
mm,
thickness
up
to
2.2
mm;
D/T=
1.6-
2.4.
Trace
of
septal
filaments
radiating,
S-shaped,
occa-
sionally
branching
with
coarse
granules
on
and
between
the
septal
filaments,
granules
concentrated
on,
but
not
limited
to,
the
central
part
of
the
test.
In
equatorial
section
spire
regular,
consisting
of
4.5
to
6
whorls
(Figure
7)
with
the
first
whorl wider
than
subsequent
ones.
Marginal
cord
thick,
1/4-1/3
of
chamber
height.
Chambers
rectangular,
initially
almost
isometric,
becoming
1.5x
broader
than
Figure
7.
Coiling
diagram
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
(Martin,
1881)

-39-
high.
Septa
perpendicular
to
marginal
cord,
curving
back-
wards.
In
axial
section,
pillars
occur
over
entire
test
surface
from
centre to
periphery,
and
often
reach
the
test
surface
to
form
granules.
Proloculus
0.6-0.9
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
flat
lenticular,
with
sharp
to
rounded
periph-
ery.
Test
diameter
up
to
25
mm,
thickness
up
to
6
mm
with
D/T
=
3.5-4.5.
Septal
filaments
meandriform,
with
large
granules
on
and
between them.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regularly
increasing
in
width,
up
to
the
6th-8th
whorl
(Fig-
ure
7),
after
which
the
spire
becomes
irregular,
with
partial
Remarks
—
This
species
has
been
the
subject
of
a
lot
of
confusion
in
the
literature.
The
A-form
was
described
as
N.
djokdjokartae
by
Martin
(1881),
and
ten
years
later
Ver-
beek
reported
N.
cf.
laevigatus
(B-form)
and
N.
cf.
la-
marcki
(A-form)
from
the
same
area
(Verbeek,
1891).
In
1896,
Verbeek
&
Fennema
recorded
only
N.
laevigatas
(B-
form)
and
N.
djokdjokartae
(A-form).
In
1840,
N.
acutus
was
described
by
Sowerby
from
Lakhpat
(Cutch,
India).
In
the
same
area,
Vredenburg
(1906)
found
another
species
which
he
described
as
N.
douvillei.
Prever
pointed
out
to
him
that
this
name
was
pre-
occupied
and
proposed
the
substitution
name
‘N.
vreden-
burgi
Vredenburg’
(Vredenburg,
1908;
Samanta,
1982).
Since
Prever
published
this
taxon,
the
formal
name
ought
to
be
N.
vredenburgi
Prever.
Many
subsequent
authors
have
synonymised
N.
acutus,
N.
vredenburgi
and
N.
djokdjokartae.
Although
N.
acutus
is
the
oldest
available
name,
the
(youngest)
name
N.
vredenburgi
has
been used
for
this
taxon
as
well.
The
initial
whorls
of
N.
vredenburgi
are
quite
tight,
but
the
4th
to
7th
whorl
are
wider
and
the
chambers
are
2-3x
higher
than
wide,
and
the
marginal
cord
thins
after
the
10th-12th
whorl
(said
in
description,
but
not
visible
in
specimens
illustrated).
In
axial
section,
the
spiral
laminae
split
frequently
into
two-three
thin
laminae,
a
character
also
seen
in
the
Indonesian
specimens
(Samanta,
1982).
The
measurements
provided
by
Samanta
(1982)
for
N.
vreden-
intercalatory
whorls
developed.
Marginal
cord
thick
in
the
first
6-8
whorls
(about
1/4
of
chamber
height),
equally
thick
(0.15-0.2
mm)
and
thinner
(or
absent)
in
remaining
whorls.
Chambers
2-6x
higher
than
long
in
first
four
whorls
(on
average
3,
s.d
=
1.4),
1.5
to
3x
higher
than
long
in
whorls
5-6
(8),
about
1.5-2x
longer
than
high
in
the
later
whorls.
Septa
straight,
sharply
curved
backwards
at
the
peripheral
margin,
perpendicular
to
marginal
cord
in
first
whorls
and
curved
in
later
(>8)
whorls,
irregularly
spaced.
In
axial
section,
chamber
height
increases
in
height
towards
margin.
Spiral
laminae
thickest
near
marginal
cord,
then
much
thinner,
lateral
splitting
of
the
spiral
laminae
is
com-
mon,
sometimes
into
three
thin
laminae,
but
usually
only
into
two.
Splitting
occurs
near
the
marginal
cord.
Alar
pro-
longations
very
narrow.
Pillars
of
varying
size
and
shape,
distributed
from
pole
to
periphery.
Most
pillars
do
not
pro-
trude
up
to
the
surface,
i.e.
they
are
buried.
burgi
all
fall
within
the
range
of
the
Indonesian
specimens,
although
his
A-forms
are
generally
slightly
flatter.
We
agree
with
Samanta
(1982)
that
the
type
specimen
of
N.
acutus
is
morphologically
distinct
from
N.
vreden-
burgi
and
N.
djokdjokartae.
Samanta
did
not
discuss
the
similarities
and
differences
between
N.
vredenburgi
and
N.
djokdjokartae,
although,
as
discussed
above,
they
are
very
similar
in
nearly
all
characters
and
we
consider
them
to
be
synonymous,
with
the
name
N.
djokdjokartae
having
prior-
ity.
The
B-forms
figured
by
Nagappa
(1959)
as
N.
acutus
have
all
the
characters
in
common
with
N.
djokdjokartae,
and
therefore
should
be
reassigned
to
N.
djokdjokartae.
Some
small
specimens
of
N.
djokdjokartae
(B-forms,
di-
ameter
9-11
mm)
in
the
NNM
collections
(RGM
3334),
identified
by
Douville
(1912a)
as
N.
vredenburgi,
turned
out
to
have
exactly
the
same
coiling
pattern
as
N.
djokdjo-
kartae
for
the
first
six
whorls,
but
do
not
have
intercalatory
whorls
or
the
very
thin
marginal
cord
in
the
later
whorls.
These
specimens
are
otherwise
similar
to
N.
djokdjokartae
and
probably
are
juveniles
of
that
species.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
central
and
western
Java,
Sulawesi,
Sumba,
Nias
and
West
Papua.
Elsewhere:
western
India
(Vredenburg,
1906, 1908;
Nagappa,
1959),
New
Caledonia
(Deprat,
1905)
and
Saipan
(Cole,
1956).
Table
11.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
(Martin).
Table
12.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
(Martin).
From
the
9th
whorl
onwards,
the
chamber
number
could
not
be
counted
due
to
irregularities
in
the
spiral.
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4 5 6
Radius
(mm)
0.97
1.36
1.70
2.06 2.19 3.32
Chambers
8
17
23
26
22
-
Whorl
number
1
2 3
4
5
6 7 8
9
10 11
12
13 14
Radius
(mm)
0.16 0.54
0.91 1.5
2.18
3.08
3.60 3.96 4.65
5.30
5.82
41 98
7.49
Chambers
8
14
24
30 32 36
40 44
Whorl
number
15 16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Radius
(mm)
8.04
8.41 8.73
9.16 9.49
10.0 10.4
11.1

-40-
Stratigraphic
range
—
Known
from
upper
Middle
Eocene
sediments
(later
P12/NP16,
uppermost
Lutetian/lowermost
Bartonian)
in
Nanggulan.
The
Harudi
Formation
from
which
N.
vredenburgi
was
described
is
assigned
a
P12
age
(Samanta,
1982).
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia
is
interpreted
as
upper
Lutetian
to
lower
Bartonian
(P12).
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
Figures
8,
30D,
E;
Tables
13,
14
*1841
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
p.
44.
1905
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Verbeek,
1871
-Douville,
p,
439.
1909
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
-
Pro
vale,
p.
92.
1909
Nummulites
intermedia
d’Archiac,
1846
-
Provale,
p.
93.
1929
Nummulites
intermedius
d’Archiac,
1846
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
18.
1929
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
-Gerth,
p.
598.
1929
Nummulites
intermedins
d’Archiac
-
Gerth,
p.
598.
1931
Camerina
fichteli
(Michelotti,
1841)-Umbgrove,
p.
49.
1931
Camerina
intermedius
d’Archiac,
1846
-
Umbgrove,
p.
50.
1932
Camerina
intermedia
(d’Archiac)
-
Doomink,
p.
285.
1934
Camerina
fichteli
(Michelotti,
1841)-
Caudri,
p.
72.
1970
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
-
Adams,
p.
122.
1973
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
-
Bain
&
Binne-
kamp,
p. 8.
1981c
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
(
partim
)
-
Hashi-
moto
&
Matsumaru,
p.
75.
1993
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
-
Grotty
&
Engel-
hard!,
p.
77.
1995
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841
-
Racey,
p.
44.
Material
—
>30
specimens
from
Sungai
Mesalai
and
Sun-
gai
Taballar
(Kalimantan),
including
two
axial
and
five
equatorial
sections
of
A-forms,
and
two
axial
and
five
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
(RGM
19061-19070,
RGM
19115-19120).
Description
—
A-form:
test
flat
lenticular,
diameter
2.5-5.5
mm,
thickness
1-1.5
mm;
D/T
=
2.0-3.5.
Septal
filaments
strongly
reticulate.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regular,
fairly
uniform
and
tightly
coiled
(Figure
8).
Chambers
ini-
tially
isometric,
in
the
last
few
whorls
3x
broader
than
high.
Septa
straight,
inclined
to
the
marginal
cord.
Marginal
cord
1/5
of
the
chamber
height
in
the
first
whorls,
1/3
in
the
last
whorls.
In
axial
section,
pillars
from
the
median
layer
do
not
reach
the
surface
of
the
test.
Proloculus
0.25-0.30
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
flat
lenticular,
diameter
8-14
mm,
D/T
=
3.5-
4.5.
Septal
filaments
reticulate
with
occasional
very
fine
granules
on
and
between
the
septal
filaments,
especially
towards
the
polar
region.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
is
uni-
form
and
fairly
tightly
coiled
(Figure
8).
Marginal
cord
1/2-
1/3
of
the
chamber
height.
Chambers
increasing
in
length
from
the
inner
towards
the
outer
whorls,
becoming
up
to
3x
longer
than
high
in
outer
whorls.
Septa
slightly
inclined
in
the
inner
whorls,
more
inclined
in
the
outer
whorls.
Remarks
—
The
Indonesian
A-forms
of
this
species
are
somewhat
more
tightly
coiled
than
the
European
and
Omani
specimens
figured
by
Schaub
(1981)
and
Racey
(1995),
respectively.
The
B-forms
match
the
European
specimens,
although
the
Indonesian
specimens
fall
in
the
lower
range
of
the
variation
shown
in
the
coiling
diagrams
of
Schaub
(1981)
and
Racey
(1995),
i.e.
they
show
less
variation
and
are
more
tightly
coiled
than
the
western
Tethyan
specimens.
Figure
8.
Coiling
diagram
of
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti,
1841.

-41
-
In
addition
to
N.
fichteli
and
N.
subbrongniarti,
Doom-
ink
(1932)
recognised
a
third
species
of
reticulate
Nummu-
lites,
N.
absurda
Doomink
(pp.
299,
300)
from
Java,
dis-
tinguished
from
the
otherreticulate
species
by
its
larger
and
more
irregularly
shaped
proloculus
and
the
form
of
spire.
So
far,
this
species
is
only
known
from
a
single
locality
where
it
was
found
with
‘typical’
N.
fichteli
so
that
it
can-
not
be
excluded
that
this
is
an
ecophenotypic
variant
of
N.
fichteli.
The
precursor
of
this
species
in
Europe,
N.fabianii
Prever,
1905,
has
not
been
found
in
Indonesia,
although
it
is
widespread
and
often
abundant
in
the
Priabonian
of
Europe
and
the
Middle
East
(Schaub,
1981;
Racey,
1995,
and
references
therein).
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Java,
Sumatra,
Bor-
neo,
Sulawesi,
Sumba
and
Irian
Jaya.
Elsewhere:
widely
distributed
throughout
the
Tethys.
For
records
on
distribu-
tion
see
Blondeau
(1972),
Schaub
(1981)
and
Racey
(1995).
There
are
additional
eastern
Asiatic
records
from
Mindanao
(Hashimoto
&
Matsumaru,
1984),
Mindoro
and
Luzon
(Philippines;
Cosico
et
al.,
1989)
and
Papua
New
Guinea
(Bain
&
Binnekamp,
1973).
Stratigraphic
range
—
Species
typical
of
Tc
and
Td
(Lower
Oligocene)
in
the
eastern
Indian
letter
classification
(Adams,
1970).
The
last
appearance
of
this
species
is
in
Table
13.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti.
Table
14.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
fichteli
Michelotti.
Figure
9.
Coiling
diagram
of
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek,
1891.
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4 5 6 7 8
Radius
(mm)
0.45 0.72
1.1
1.4 1.7
2.0
2.3 2.7
Chambers
7
12 15 18
22
22 24
-
Whorl
number
1
23456789
10 11
Radius
(mm)
0.13 0.22 0.34 0.48 0.65 0.83
1.09 1.37 1.68
2.03 2.37
Chambers
-
16
18
22 24 24
23
24
26 28 28
Whorl
number
12
13
14
15
16
17
Radius
(mm)
2.74 3.30 3.56 3.33 3.86 4.05
Chambers
30
-----

-42-
zone
P21a
in
the
Kujung
area
of
NE
Java
(dated
as
29.4
Ma
using
strontium
isotopes).
A
single,
younger Sr
date
of
28.4
Ma
has
been
obtained
from
the
Pelang
Limestone
of
central
Java,
but
at
this
locality
there
are
no
independent
planktonic
foraminiferal
data.
The
interpreted
stratigraphic
range
is
letter
stage
Tc
to
Td
(Rupelian).
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek,
1891
Figures
9,
26A-F;
Tables
15,
16
*lß9l
Nummulites
javanus
var.
,
Verbeek,
pp.
105,
106.
*lß9l
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
p.
107.
1896
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek,
1891
Verbeek
&
Fen-
nema,
p.
1096.
1896
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1101.
1905
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
-
Deprat,
p.
493.
1912
a
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
-
Douville,
p.
262.
1929
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
18.
1929
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek,
1891
-
Gerth,
p.
598.
1929
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
Gerth,
p.
598.
1931
Camerina
bagelensis
(Verbeek)
-
Umbgrove,
p.
49.
1931
Camerina
javana
Verbeek,
1891
[.sic]
-
Umbgrove,
p.
50.
1932
Camerina
perforata
Denys
de
Montfort,
1808
-
Doom-
ink,
p.
273.
1932
Camerina
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
-
Doomink,
p.
277.
1934
Camerina
javana
(Verbeek,
1891)
-
Caudri,
p.
64.
1934
Camerina
perforata
Denys
de
Montfort,
1808
-
Henrici,
P
21.
1934
Camerina
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
-
Henrici,
p.
25.
1948
Camerina
perforata
Denys
de
Montfort,
1808
-
Van
Andel,
p.
1013.
1979
Nummulites
perforatus
(Denys
de
Montfort,
1808)
-
Hashimoto
el
al.,
p.
155.
1981bj
Nummulites
perforatus
(Denys
de
Montfort,
1808)
-
Hashimoto
&
Matsumaru,
p.
67.
1993
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek,
1891
-
Grotty
&
Engel-
hard!,
p.
77.
1995
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek,
1891
-
Racey,
p.
50.
Material
—
>30
specimens
including
five
equatorial
and
three
axial
sections
of
B-forms,
and
ten
equatorial
and
two
axial
sections
of
A-forms
from
Karangsambung
(central
Java;
RGM
202019,
RGM
202022);
>
30
specimens
in-
cluding
ten
equatorial
and
three
axial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Banten
(western
Java;
RGM
202023);
twenty
speci-
mens,
including
five
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Jiwo
Hills
(central
Java;
RGM
202018,
RGM
202024);
ten
equatorial
and
three
axial
sections
of
B-forms
and
four
equatorial
and
two
axial
sections
of
A-forms
from
several
localities
in
Timor
(Institut
fur
Palaontologie,
Universitat
Bonn).
Description
—
A-form:
lenticular
with
a
rounded
periph-
ery,
diameter
up
to
4.5
mm,
thickness
up
to
2
mm;
D/T
=
1.8
(1.5-3.1).
Septal
filaments
gently
curved,
radiating
from
the
centre
with
granules
on
and
between
septal
filaments.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regular,
comprising
4-5
whorls
(Figure
9).
First
two
whorls
fairly
lax,
tightening
in
the
3rd-
4th
whorl.
Septa
oblique,
curving
gently
in
the
proximal
part,
distally
straight.
Marginal
cord
1/5
of
chamber
height.
Chambers
equidimensional
to
broader
than
high.
Prolocu-
lus
0.55-0.8
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
lenticular,
up
to
30
mm
in
diameter,
maximum
thickness
9
mm;
D/T
=
3.1
(2.6-5.2).
Septal
filaments
me-
andriform
with
fine
granules
on
and
between
them,
espe-
cially
over
the
polar
region.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regularly
opening,
tightening
in
the
last
whorls
in
some
specimens
giving
it
a
tripartite
appearance
(Figure
9).
Septa
slightly
oblique,
straight
to
gently
curved
in
the
distal
part.
Chambers
higher
than
broad
in
the
first
whorls,
becoming
2-3x
broader
than
high
in
the
outer
whorls.
Marginal
cord
thick,
1/3-1/2
of
the
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
strongly
pillared
with
thin
pillars,
especially
over
the
centre
of
the
test,
with
most
pillars
not
reaching
the
test
surface.
Remarks
—
Initially,
all
Indonesian
‘larger’
Nummulites
were
grouped
under
the
name
N.
javanus.
In
his
original
description,
Verbeek
(1891)
already
described
four
varie-
ties,
a,
p,
X
an<
J
6-
a
and
are
the
larger
forms,
a
has
a
rounded
periphery,
whilst
%
is
more
flattened
and
has
a
sharp
periphery,
p
and
a
are
smaller,
p
is
a
thick
form
with
a
rounded
periphery,
whilst
8
is
a
small,
flat
form
with
a
very
sharp
periphery.
Subsequently,
there
has
been
a
lot
of
discussion
about
these
‘species’.
Doomink
(1932)
sug-
gested
that
the
two
forms
with
the
sharp
periphery
should
Table
15.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek.
Table
16.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
javanus
Verbeek.
Due
to
flexure
of
the
test,
the
number
of
chambers
per
whorl could
not
be
counted.
Whorl
number
1
2 3 4 5
Radius
(mm)
0.6
1
1.6 1.9
2.2
Chambers
7
12
23 25
-
Whorl
number
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
12
13
Radius
(mm)
0.18 0.47
0.7
0.97
1.2
1.6 2.1
2.6 3.0
3.5 4.1
5
5.7
Whorl
number
14 15 16 17 18 19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Radius
(mm)
6.3 7.0 7.8 8.6
9.2 9.7
10.3 10.8
11.3
11.8
12.1
12.4
12.6

-43-
be
included
in
N.
gizehensis
,
whilst
the
specimens
with
the
rounded
periphery,
i.e.,
var.
8
and
var.
p,
should
be
in-
cluded
in
N.
perforates.
The
present
study
confirms
that
the
large-sized
Nummulites
from
Indonesia
belong
to
two
spe-
cies,
N.
boninensis
(equivalent
to
var.
a
of
Verbeek)
and
N.
javanus
(equivalent
to
var.
y
of
Verbeek).
The
smaller
variety
with
the
blunt
edge
has
subse-
quently
been
identified
as
N.
laevigatus
(Bruguiere,
1792)
by
Douville
(1912a),
as a
transitional
form
between
N.
laevigatus
and
N.
perforates
by
Dollfus
(1917),
as
N.
ob-
tusus
Sowerby,
1840
by
Gerth
(1929),
and
as
N.
perforates
by
Doomink
(1932).
Racey
(1995)
discussed
the
status
of
the
smaller
specimens
with
the
blunt
edge.
The
B-forms
of
N.
perforates
have
a
tripartite
spire,
which
is
not
seen
in
material
from
Java.
In
the
middle,
looser
part
of
the
spire
N.
perforates
also
has
occasional
intercalatory
whorls.
Nummulites
javanus
has
a
gradually
opening
spire,
with
some
very
tight
last
whorls
(usually
three,
sometimes
up
to
five).
In
none
of
the
specimens
of
N.
javanus
are
intercala-
tory
whorls
present
(pers.
obs.;
Racey,
1995).
The
spire
of
N.
obtusus
is
also
tripartite,
but
always
has
3-4
intercala-
tory
whorls,
features
absent
in
the
Javanese
specimens.
Nummulites
laevigatus
has
a
gradually
opening
spire,
which
does
not
tighten
in
the
outer
whorls,
and
has
a
flatter
test
with
sinuous
septal
filaments
and
can
thus be differen-
tiated
from
N.
javanus.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Karangsambung
and
Jiwo
(central
Java,
type
localities),
Bayah
(western
Java),
Ralla,
Tonasa
(SW
Sulawesi),
Batu
Gading,
Melinau
Gorge
(Sarawak)
and
several
localities
in
Sumba,
Timor
and
West
Papua.
Elsewhere:
Oman
(Racey,
1995)
and
Papua
New
Guinea
(Bain
&
Binnekamp,
1973).
Stratigraphic
range
—
Nummulites
javanus
is
assigned
a
Ta_i
age
(Middle
Eocene
in
Adams,
1970;
Lutetian
in
Haak
&
Postuma,
1975),
although
Bartonian
was
not
recognised
in
these
studies.
In
Oman,
Racey
(1995)
found
N.
javanus
together
with
N.
perforatus
and
N.
brongniarti
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853,
in
the
‘Biarritzian’,
equivalent
to
the
upper
Lutetian
to
Bartonian
(SBZ
17
of
Serra-Kiel
et
al.,
1998;
top
P12-P14).
Outcrops
in
Karangsambung
(Java)
yielding
N.
javanus
could
not
be
dated
directly,
although
samples
taken
just
above
them
have
yielded
planktonic
foraminifera
and
nannoplankton
indicative
of
a
Middle
Eocene
(late
Lutetian
to
early
Bartonian,
P12,
upper
NP15)
age.
Lime-
stones
with
N.
javanus
and
Pellatispira
from
Jiwo
Hills
(Watu
Perahu)
were
successfully
dated
as
P14
or
older
based
on
the
presence
of
Morozovella
sp.
Overlying
mud-
stones
were
also
dated
as
Middle
Eocene
on
nannofossils
(see
above).
Samples
from
Ralla
containing
both
N.
javanus
and
Pellatispira
were
dated
as
Bartonian
on
the
basis
of
associated
dinoflagellates
(H.
Brinkhuis,
pers.
comm.).
Crotty
&
Engelhard!
(1993)
also
found
samples
containing
pollen
indicative
of
Bartonian
age
immediately
above
N.
javanus-bearing
rocks.
The
suggested
strati-
graphic
range
for
this
species
in
Indonesia
is
thus
consid-
ered
to
be
Middle
Eocene
(upper
Lutetian
to
lower
Barto-
nian).
Nummulites
martini
n.
sp.
Figures
10,
24C-E,
25A-C;
Tables
17,
18
1881
Nummulites
cf.
lamarcki
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
-
Verbeek
et
al.,
p.
39.
1881
Nummulites
cf.
laevigata
Lamarck,
1801
[sic]
-
Verbeek
et
al.,
p.
39.
1891
Nummulites
laevigatus
Lamarck,
1881
[sic]
-
Verbeek,
p.
117.
1896
Nummulites
laevigata
Lamarck,
1801
[sic]
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1104.
1912b
Nummulites
vredenburgi
Prever,
1908-Douville,
p.
260.
Figure
10.
Coiling
diagram
of
Nummulites
martini
n.
sp.

-44-
1932
Camerina
laevigata
Bruguiere,
1792
-
Doomink,
p.
279.
1934
Camerina
djokjokartae
(Martin,
1881)
-
Caudri,
p.
67.
1995
Nummulites
acutus
(Sowerby,
1840)
-
Racey,
p.
30.
nonl972
Nummulites
acutus
(Sowerby,
1840)
-
Blondeau,
p.
149.
Material
—
Numerous
individuals
from
Nanggulan
(Java),
comprising
twelve
equatorial
sections
of
A-forms,
and
ten
of
B-forms
plus
five
axial
sections
of
A-forms
and
five
axial
sections
of
B-forms.
One
equatorial
section
from
Uwaki
(western
Timor)
(Institut
fur
Palaontologie,
Univer-
sitat
Bonn).
Types
—
Holotype
is
RGM
3322B;
paratypes
are
RGM
3322A,
RGM
3325B,
and
RGM
3339A-F.
Type
locality
—
Kali
Puru,
Nanggulan
(central
Java,
Indo-
nesia).
Type
horizon
—
Djokdjokartae
Beds
of
the
Nanggulan
Formation
(upper
Middle
Eocene;
uppermost
Lutetian
or
basal
Bartonian).
Diagnosis
—
Medium-sized
Nummulites,
septal
filaments
meandriform,
densely
covered
by
granules.
Spiral
laminae
infrequently
split
in
the
polar
region,
not
near
the
marginal
cord.
Coiling
regular
up
to
the
8th-10th
whorl,
then
more
irregular
with
thinning
marginal
cord.
A-forms
are
difficult
to
distinguish
from
N.
djokdjokartae,
except
that
they
are
smaller
and
have
fewer
whorls.
Derivatio
nominis
—
Named
after
Carl
Martin
(1851-
1942),
who
pioneered
the
study
of
the
Indonesian
Caino-
zoic,
and
especially
the
type
locality
of
this
species.
Description
—
A-form:
lenticular
with
rounded
periphery.
Diameter
up
to
4.5
mm,
thickness
up
to
2.5
mm;
D/T=
1.6-
2.0.
Trace
of
septal
filaments
radiating,
S-shaped,
occa-
sionally
branching
with
coarse
granules
on
and
between
the
septal
filaments.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regular
consist-
ing
of
up
to
4-4.5
whorls
(Figure
10),
with
the
first
whorl
wider
than
subsequent
whorls.
Marginal
cord
thick,
1/4-1/3
of
chamber
height.
Chambers
rectangular,
initially
almost
isometric,
becoming
1,5x
broader
than
high.
Septa
perpen-
dicular
to
marginal
cord,
curving
backwards.
In
axial
sec-
tion,
pillars
occur
over
entire
test
surface
from
the
centre
to
the
periphery,
and
often
reach
the
test
surface
to
form
gran-
ules,
Proloculus
0.48-0.7
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
flat
lenticular,
with
sharp
to
rounded
periph-
ery.
Test
diameter
up
to
18
mm,
thickness
up
to
6
mm;
D/T
=
3.5-4.5.
Septal
filaments
meandriform,
with
large
gran-
ules
on
and
between
them.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regu-
larly
increasing
in
width,
up
to
the
8th-10th
whorl
(Figure
10),
after
which
the
spire
becomes
irregular,
with
partial
intercalatory
whorls
developed.
Marginal
cord
thick
in
the
first
8-10
whorls
at
about
1/4
of
chamber
height
and
thinner
in
remaining
whorls.
Chambers
2x
higher
than
long
in
the
first
4
whorls,
about
1.5-2.0x
higher
than
long
in
whorl
5-8
(10)
and
finally
1,5-2x
longer
than
high
in
the
later
whorls.
Septa
straight,
sharply
curved
backwards
at
the
peripheral
margin,
perpendicular
to
marginal
cord
in
first
8-10
whorls
and
curved
in
later
whorls.
In
axial
section,
chamber
height
increases
towards
margin.
Spiral
laminae
thickest
near
marginal
cord,
then
much
thinner,
but
lateral
splitting
of
the
spiral
laminae
is
rare,
occurring
nearer
to
the
central
axis
of
the
test
than
to
the
marginal
cord.
Alar
prolongations
very
narrow.
Pillars
of
varying
size
and
shape,
distributed
from
pole
to
periphery.
Most
pillars
do
not
protrude
to
the
sur-
face
of
the
test.
Remarks
—
The
A-form
typically
has
4-4.5,
the
B-form
14-
17
whorls.
In
the
Nanggulan
section,
A-forms
are
abun-
dant,
whilst
B-forms
are
rare.
Nummulites
martini
n.
sp.
differs
from
N.
djokdjokartae
in
that
it
is
slightly
more
loosely
coiled,
the
chambers
are
isometric
to
twice
as
high
as
long
(2-3
x
higher
than
long
in
N.
djokdjokartae)
and
the
laterallaminae
thin,
but
do
(usually)
not
split.
If
they
split,
it
is
in
the
polar
region,
whilst
in
N.
djokdjokartae
they
split
near
the
periphery.
Additionally,
the
maximum
size
of
N.
martini
n.
sp.
is
16-18
mm,
while
N.
djokdjokartae
may
Table
17.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Nummulites
martini
n.sp.
Table
18.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
martini
n.sp.
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
Radius
(mm)
0.97
1,36 1.69 1.88
Chambers
8
17
22
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9
Radius
(mm)
0.21
0.47 0.90
1.3
2.1
3.0
3.9
4.88
5.85
Chambers
9 12
22 27
27
33
38
48
64
Whorl
number
10
11 12
13
14
15 16
Radius
(mm)
6.22 6.55
7.02
7.78
8.25
8.55 9.04
Chambers
68
70 76 92 90 92

-45-
reach 25
mm.
In
India
and
Indonesia,
three
species
of
the
N.
laeviga-
tas
lineage
(N.
acutus,
N.
djokdjokartae
and.
N
vreden-
burgi)
have been
described,
which
were
confused
during
the
last
century.
The
types
of
Nummulites
acutus,
mixed
A-
(which
Sowerby
regarded
as
juveniles)
and
B-forms
are
lost,
except
for
the
largest
specimen
that
is
preserved
in
the
NHM
collections
(London).
Samanta
(1982)
resampled
the
type
area
and
studied
the
remaining
type
specimen
of
A.
acutus
and
the
type
specimens
of
N.
vredenburgi
and
dis-
cussed
the
differences
between
these
two
species,
that
both
were
synonymised
with
N.
djokdjokartae
by
Umbgrove
(1931).
Samanta
(1982)
showed
that
A.
acutus
and
A.
djokdjo-
kartae
(=
N.
vredenburgi)
are
two
distinct
species
that
of-
ten
have
been
confused,
and
did
not
find
new
specimens
of
N.
acutus,
so
his
description
of
that
species
is
solely
based
on
the
type
specimen.
This
reaches
only
10
mm
in
diame-
ter,
the
coiling
pattern
is
tighter
than
the
Indonesian
speci-
mens
and
the
marginal
cord
does
not
thin
or
disappear,
thus
not
justifying
the
synonymy
of
N.
acutus
and
A.
djokdjo-
kartae.
Blondeau
(1972)
described
and
illustrated
specimens
under
the
name
N.
acutus
that
fit
the
description
of
Sow-
erby
precisely.
The
maximum
diameter
is
13
mm,
with
only
12
whorls,
all
chambers
isometric
or
only
slightly
higher
than
long,
marginal
cord
not
thinning
in
the
outermost
whorls,
whilst
the
maximum
diameter
in
Indonesia
is
18
mm,
specimens
have up
to
17
whorls
and
the
initial
cham-
bers
are
higher
than
long.
Blondeau
showed
Indonesian
A-
froms
(
N.
djokdjokartae)
as
the
accompanying
macro-
spheric
generation,
but the
microspheric
forms
shown
by
him
originate
from
Madagascar
and
differ
from
the
Indone-
sian
B-forms.
Thus,
N.
acutus
is
a
different
species,
thus
warranting
the
introduction
of
a
new
species
name
for
the
small
Indonesian
specimens.
The
A-
and
B-forms
shown
by
Racey
(1995)
as
A.
acu-
tus
are
similar
to
N.
martini
n.
sp.
in
size,
coiling
pattern
and
number
of
whorls,
as
well
as
external
characters,
and
should
be
included
in
this
species.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
central
Java,
Timor.
Elsewhere:
Oman
(Racey,
1995).
Stratigraphic
range
—
In
Oman,
A.
martini
n.
sp.
(re-
corded
as
N.
acutus
by
Racey,
1995)
was
found
in
middle
Lutetian
deposits,
which
are
approximately
equivalent
to
zone
PI
1.
In
Indonesia,
it
is
found
in
the
oldest
rocks
con-
taining
larger
foraminifera
from
the
Nanggulan
section,
that
have been
dated
as
upper
P12
(Lunt,
2000a,
b),
but
also
in
the
Nummulite
Beds
2,
which
means
that
the
range
of
N.
martini
n.
sp.
overlaps
with
that
of
A.
djokdjokartae.
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia
is
interpreted
as
letter
stage
Ta
(PI
1-P12),
correlating
with
the
Lutetian
Stage.
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Verbeek,
1871
Figures
11,
30A-C;
Tables
19,
20
*1871
Nummulites
sub-brongniarti
Verbeek,
p. 6.
1874
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Verbeek
-
Verbeek,
p.
152.
1929
Camerina
fichteli
Michelotti
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
18.
*1932
Camerina
divina
Doomink,
p.
299,
1934
Camerina
divina
Doomink
-
Caudri,
p.
78.
Material
—
Fifteen
specimens,
including
one
equatorial
section
of
a
B-form
and
five
equatorial
and
one
axial
sec-
tion
of
A-forms
from
Sungai
Seilor
(Borneo,
RGM
10949,
Figure
11.
Coiling
diagram
of
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Verbeek,
1871.

-46-
RGM
19051
-19060);
five
specimens
including
five
equato-
rial
sections
of
A-forms
from
Tji
Dengkol
(Java;
RGM
202025).
Description
—
A-form:
lenticular
test
with
a
sharp
margin,
diameter
3.5-5.0
mm,
thickness
1.6-2.4
mm;
D/T
=
2.1
(1.8-2.5).
Septal
filaments
reticulate,
comprising
a
rather
coarse
mesh.
The
equatorial
section
comprises
7-9
compact
whorls
of
almost
equal
height
(Figure
11).
Marginal
cord
1/3
of
chamber
height
in
initial
whorls
and
approximately
1/2
chamber
height
in
later
whorls.
Chambers
1.5x
broader
than
high
in
the
initial
whorls,
becoming
3-5x
broader
than
high
in
the
outer
3-4
whorls.
In
axial
section,
fine
pillars
diverge
from
the
equatorial
plane
to
the
outer
whorl.
Prolo-
cuius
0.2-0.36
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
description
based
on
the
type
description
of
Ver-
beek
(1871)
and
figures
in
Hashimoto
et
al.
(1973),
to-
gether
with
data
from
a
single
thin
section
in
the
NNM
col-
lections.
Test
flattened
lenticular,
with
a
subrounded,
often
undulated
periphery.
Diameter
up
to
28
mm
(commonly
14
mm),
thickness
up
to
6
mm;
D/T
=
4-5.
Septal
filaments
reticulate.
In
equatorial
section,
comprising
up
to
50-60
whorls
in
a
diameter
of
14
mm
(Figure
11),
with
a
wide
range
of
variation
both
in
diameter
and
number
of
whorls.
Marginal
cord
in
the
inner
whorls
as
high
as
the
chamber
height,
in
the
latter
whorls
about
1/3
of
the
chamber
height.
Chambers
up
to
4x
longer
than
high,
especially
in
the
outer
whorls.
Septa
slightly
inclined
and
straight.
Remarks
—
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
differs
from
N.
brongniarti
in
being
more
tightly
coiled
in
both
A-
and
B-
forms.
Furthermore,
N.
subbrongniarti
lacks
granules
on
the
surface
of
the
test
and
has
reticulate
rather
than
subreticulate
septal
filaments.
Much
confusion
has
arisen
following
Verbeek’s
origi-
nal
description.
His
drawings
were
not
clear,
and
although
he
mentioned
that
the
proloculus
was
small,
but
visible,
this
species
was
subsequently
interpreted
as
an
A-form.
How-
ever,
Verbeek’s
specimens
are
clearly
B-forms,
based
on
their
size
and
the
number
of
whorls.
Starting
withDouville
(1905),
several
authors
have
regarded
N.
subbrongniarti
as
the
Indonesian
representative
of
N.
intermedius/fichteli.
Doomink
(1932)
restudied
the
Javanese
Nummulites
and
acknowledged
the
existence
of
more
than
one
species
among
the
Oligocene
reticulate
Nummulites
,
describing
two
new
species
and
discussing
the
status
of
N.
subbrongniarti.
He
did
not
recognise
N.
subbrongniarti.
but
described
Camerina
divina
from
Java,
which
is
an
A-form
similar
to
the
A-form
of
N.
fichteli,
but
has
broader
chambers
(3-5x
broader
than
high)
in
the
outer
whorls
and
has
whorls
of
similar
height.
The
reticulate
septal
filaments
(mesh)
on
the
test
surface
are
coarser
than
in
N.
fichteli
(see
Caudri,
1934).
Specimens
figured
and
collected
by
Van
der
Vlerk
(1929)
match
Doomink’s
description.
Verbeek
(1871)
dis-
tinguished
N.
subbrongniarti
from
N.
fichteli
by
its
tighter
coiling,
larger
number
of
whorls
and
longer
chambers.
He
also
mentioned
the
coarse
mesh
on
the
outer
surface.
The
similar
character
distinguishing
C.
divina
and
N.
subbrong-
niarti
from
N.
fichteli
indicate
that
these
are
in
fact
A-
and
B-forms
of
a
single
species
i.e.,
N.
subbrongniarti.
Num-
mulites
divina
must
therefore
be
considered
a
junior
syno-
nym
of
N.
subbrongniarti.
Hashimoto
et
al.
(1973)
restudied
many
reticulate
Table
19.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Verbeek.
Table
20.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Verbeek. Due
to
flex-
ure
of
the
test,
number
of
chambers
per
whorl could
not
be
counted.
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
Radius
(mm)
0.6
0.78
0.98
1.19 1.42 1.67 1.89
Chambers
8
9
10 11
13
14
-
Whorl
number
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Radius
(mm)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
Whorl
number
11 12 13 14 15
16
17
18 19
20
Radius
(mm)
1.6 1.9
2.3
2.6
3.1 3.5 3.7 3.9
4.2 4.4
Whorl
number
21
22
23
24
25
26 27
28
29
30
Radius
(mm)
4.7 4.9
5.2
5.5
5.8
6.1
6.3
6.5 6.8 7.1
Whorl
number
31
32
33
34
35
36 37
38 39
40
Radius
(mm)
7.3
7.5
7.6 7.8 8.0
8.2 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.9
Whorl
number
41 42 43
44
45
46 47 48 49
Radius
(mm)
9.0
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7 9.8
10

-47-
nummulitids
to
examine
the
relationship
between
N.
sub-
brongniarti
and
N.
fichteli.
Although
they
looked
at
many
characters,
they
did
not
take
the
form
of
the
spire
into
ac-
count
and
their
fig.
11
clearly
shows
all
the
characters
of
N.
subbrongniarti.
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
is
closely
related
to
N.
fich-
teli.
In
India,
Pakistan
and
Egypt,
two
other
species
occur
that
also
are
as
closely
related
to
N.
fichteli,
viz.
N.
sublaevigatus
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
and
N.
cf.
fichteli
(Sen
Gupta,
2000),
showing
a
radiation
of
the
reticulate
Nummulites-lineage
following
the
Eocene-01
igocene
boundary,
but
terminated
prior
to
the
Chattian.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Cijengkol
(Java;
Doomink,
1932),
Sungai
Seilor,
Antjam,
Borneo
(Van
der
Vlerk,
1929),
Pengaron,
SE
Kalimantan
(Verbeek,
1871;
Hashimoto
etal.,
1973)
and
eastern
Sumba
(Caudri,
1934).
Elsewhere:
Mindoro
(the
Philippines).
Stratigraphic
range
—
Co-occurring
with
N.
fichteli
and
P.
pengaronensis
in
SE
Borneo
in
Tc
faunas
(Rupelian).
Sug-
gested
stratigraphic
range:
Lower
Rupelian
(Tc).
Genus
Palaeonummulites
Schubert,
1908
Type
species
—
Nummulina
pristina
Brady
1874,
by
monotypy.
Diagnosis
—
Planispiral,
involute,
semi-compressed
to
globular;
spire
moderately
tightly
coiled;
whorls
relatively
few,
generally
no
more
than
four
or
five
in
the
A-form;
coiling
tight;
chambers
up
to
twice
as
high
as
long
in
equa-
torial
section;
primary
septa
and extensions
(‘filaments’)
only;
septal
sutures
radial
to
sigmoidal;
marginal
cord
finely
to
moderately
strongly
developed.
Range:
mid-
Paleocene
to
Recent,
with
a
cosmopolitan
distribution.
Discussion
—
Distinguished
from
Nummulites
by
its
sim-
ple
septal
filaments
that
are
straight
to
sigmoidal.
In
Num-
mulites,
secondary
septal
filaments
are
present.
Palaeonummulites
beaumonti
(d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853)
Figures
12,
29A-D;
Table
21
*1853
Nummulites
beaumonti
d’Archiac
and
Haime,
p.
133.
1874
Nummulites
biarritzensis
d'Archiac
and
Haime,
1853-
Verbeek,
p.
155.
1874
Nummulites
striata
d’Orbigny
var.
f
Verbeek,
p.
157.
1912a
Nummulites
kelatensis
Carter,
1861
-
Douville,
p.
262.
1929
Nummulites
kelatensis
Carter,
1861
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
19.
1929
Nummulites
kelatensis
Carter,
1861
-
Gerth,
p.
598.
*1932
Camerina
densa
Doomink,
p.
295.
*1932
Camerina
hoogenraadi
Doomink,
p.
297.
1934
Camerina
kelatensis
(Carter?)
Douville
-
Caudri,
p.
53.
1934
Camerina
kelatensis
Carter,
1861
sensu
Douville
-
Hen-
rici,
p.
30.
1940
Nummulites
beaumonti
d’Archiac
and
Haime
-
Davies,
p.
206.
1972
Nummulites
beaumonti
d’Archiac
and
Haime
-
Blon-
deau,
p.
149.
1981
Nummulites
beaumonti
d’
Archiac
and
Haime
-
Schaub,
p.
135.
1995
Nummulites
beaumonti
d’Archiac
and
Haime
-
Racey,
p.
34.
Material
—
Five
specimens
from
Nias,
including
one
equa-
torial
section
of
a
B-form
(RGM
202026);
four
specimens
from
Taballar
including
three
equatorial
sections
and
one
axial
section
of
B-forms
(RGM
19112-19114);
five
speci-
mens,
including
three
equatorial
and
one
axial
section
of
B-
forms
from
Timor
(Institut
fur
Palaontologie,
Universitat
Bonn).
(d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853).
Figure
12.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
beaumonti

-48
-
Description
—
A-form:
not
found.
B-form:
test
lenticular,
with
rounded
margin.
Test
diameter
6.5-9.0
mm,
thickness
3.5-4
mm;
D/T
=
2.1-3.1.
Septal
filaments
straight,
radiating
and
curving
around
a
polar
pillar.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regularly
opening
(Figure
12).
Chambers
numerous,
uniform,
rectangular,
1.5-2.0
higher
than
long
in
the
initial
whorls,
equidimensional
to
slightly
higher
than
broad
in
the
outer
whorls,
with
almost
straight
septa.
Marginal
cord
about
1/4-1/5
of
the
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
alar
prolongations
thin,
spiral
lami-
nae
all
of
the
same
thickness.
Fine
pillars
reach
about
half-
way
the
exterior,
mainly
concentrated
over
the
polar
region
and
often
buried.
Remarks
—
According
to
Davies
(1940)
and
Blondeau
(1972),
N.
kelatensis
Carter,
1861
is
in
part
synonymous
with
P.
beaumonti.
Davies
(1940)
redescribed
N.
kelatensis
from
topotypes,
whilst
Racey
(1995)
restudied
these
and
concluded
that
N.
kelatensis
is
a
smaller
species
with
fewer
whorls
than
P.
beaumonti.
Furthermore,
in
the
description
of
N.
kelatensis,
Davies
stated
that
the
septal
filaments
are
clearly
twisted,
while
the
septal
filaments
are
nearly
straight
and
only
curved around
the
polar
region
in
P.
beaumonti.
The
buried
pustules
in
the
polar
region
are
a
good
feature
to
help
distinguish
P.
beaumonti
from
other
species.
Specimens
from
all
localities
in
Indonesia
match
the
description
of
P.
beaumonti
in
nearly
all
characters,
and
should
therefore
be
included
in
that
taxon,
although
they
have
previously
been
recorded
under
the
name
N.
kelaten-
sis
(see
synonymy).
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Nias,
Borneo,
Java,
Sumba
and
Timor,
but
rare
at
all
localities.
Elsewhere;
Oman
(Racey,
1995),
Senegal,
Libya
(Blondeau,
1972),
Egypt
(De
la
Harpe,
1883),
India
(Nuttall,
1926a,
b)
and
Pakistan
(Davies,
1940).
Stratigraphic
range
—
In
Nias,
P.
beaumonti
co-occurs
with
Alveolina
ovicula
Nuttall,
1925
and
Planocameri-
noides
sp.,
indicating
a
(late)
Lutetian
age.
In
Timor,
it
co-
occurs
with
N.
javanus
and
planktonic
foraminifera
indicat-
ing
a
P12-P14
age.
In
Oman,
it
is
restricted
to
the
upper
Lutetian
(Racey,
1995),
while
in
the
western
Tethys
it
is
found
in
the
upper
Lutetian-Bartonian
(Serra-Kiel
et
al.,
1998).
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia
of
this
species
is
therefore
suggested
to
be
upper
Lutetian-Bartonian.
Palaeonummulites
crasseornatus
(Henrici,
1934)
Figures
13,
31A,
B, H-J;
Tables
22,
23
1932
Camerina
irregularis
Deshayes,
1838
-
Doomink,
p.
290.
1932
Camerina
orbignyi
(Galeotti)
-
Doomink,
p.
289.
*1934
Camerina
crasseornata
Henrici,
p.
32.
1934
Camerina
aff.
irregularis
Deshayes,
1838
-
Caudri,
p.
62.
Material
—
Ten
specimens,
including
four
equatorial
sec-
tions
of
B-forms
from
Nanggulan;
>
30
specimens
includ-
ing
five
equatorial
and
three
axial
sections
of
both
A-
and
B-forms
from
Timor
(Technische
Universiteit
Delft);
two
specimens
including
one
axial
section
of
a
B-form
from
Jatibungkus
(RGM
202032).
Description
—
A-form:
diameter
up
to
3
mm,
thickness
1.5
mm.
Involutely
coiled
with
a
pronounced
marginal
cord.
From
the
coarsely
granulated
(70-130
im)
centre
straight
septal
filaments
radiate.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
regular,
fairly
constant
in
width
(Figure
13).
Chambers
rectangular
with
rounded
tops.
Septa
thin,
perpendicular
to
the
mar-
ginal
cord,
with
intraseptal
canal
visible,
slightly
bent
backwards.
In
axial
section,
a
small
umbilical
plug
is
visi-
ble.
The
marginal
cord
is
thick,
and
coarsely
canalised.
Proloculus
0.20-0.32
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
diameter
up
to
8
mm,
thickness
1.7
mm;
D/T
=
3.4
(2.5-4.4).
Test
lenticular,
involute.
The
centre
of
the
test
has
a
large
number
of
coarse
pillars,
out
of
which
30-35
S-
shaped
septal
filaments
radiate.
In
equatorial
section,
the
spire
is
irregular,
showing
large
differences
in
whorl
height
within
and
between
whorls
(Figure
13).
Test
outline
often
elongated.
Chambers
rectangular,
slight-
ly
bent
backwards
with
rounded
tops.
Septa
thin,
perpen-
dicular
to
the
marginal
cord
and
distally
curved
backwards,
in
outer
whorls
with
intraseptal
canal
visible.
Chambers
higher
than
broad
(up
to
3x).
In
axial
section,
an
umbilical
plug
(pillar)
is
visible.
The
marginal
cord
is
swollen
and
coarsely
canalised.
Table
21.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Nummulites
beaumonti
(d’Archiac
&
Haime)
Table
22.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Palaeonummulites
crasseornatus
(Henrici).
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5 6 7
8
9 10
11 12
Radius
(mm)
0.11
0.26
0.59 0.93
1.25 1.67
2.21 2.59 3.07
3.55 3.97 4.33
Chambers
21 26
30 34 40 42 48
55
57 60
65
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
Radius
(mm)
0.42 0.93
1.7
2.6
Chambers
13 16 19
25

-49-
Remarks
—
There
have been
several
records
of
N.
irregu-
laris
(Deshayes,
1838)
or
related
taxa
from
Tb
strata
in
Indonesia,
many
of
which
should
be
assigned
to
other
gen-
era
in
our
opinion.
For
example,
the
specimens
figured
by
Provale
(1908)
as
N.
heeri
De
la
Harpe,
1883
and
N.
sub-
heeri
De
la
Harpe,
1883,
are,
in
fact,
Operculina,
based
on
the
rapidly
opening
spire
and
lack
of
alar
prolongations,
features
which
do
not
occur
in
Nummulites
and
are
charac-
teristic
of
Operculina.
Doomink
(1932)
first
reported
this
species
from
Indo-
nesia,
as
Camerina
orbignyi
(Galeotti,
1837),
referring
to
a
more
complete
description
of
N.
elegans
(Jones,
1887),
which
includes
N.
prestwichianus
(Jones,
1887)
and
N.
elegans.
However,
Jones
(1887)
showed
that
some
of
the
specimens
described
by
Sowerby
as
N.
elegans
were
juve-
niles
of
N.
planulatus
Lamarck,
1804.
In
the
descriptions
of
N.
elegans
and
N.
prestwichianus,
no
granulations
in
the
centre
of
the
test
are
mentioned,
nor
are
they
shown
in
the
plates.
Jones
(1887)
showed
N.
prestwichianus
to
lack
granulations
and
have
a
poorly
developed
umbo
in
the
cen-
tre
of
the
test.
In
the
Indonesian
specimens
no
umbo
is
pre-
sent,
and
in
many
specimens
a
polar
depression
is
ob-
served.
Thus,
neither
N.
elegans
nor.
N.
prestwichianus
are
identical
with
the
Indonesian
specimens.
Boussac
(1911)
synonymised
all
these
species
under
N.
orbignyi,
but
did
not
give
any
supporting
illustrations,
although
his
descrip-
tion
matches
the
previous
one.
Blondeau
(1972)
separated
N.
orbignyi
and
N.
prestwichianus
(=
N.
elegans).
Both
species
differ
from
the
Indonesian
specimens
by
either
the
absence
of
granulations
and
the
presence
of
an
evolute
last
whorl
(
N.
orbignyi)
or
by
having
a
more
robust
test
(N.
prestwichianus).
Schaub
(1981,
p.
160)
mentioned
that
the
granulated
specimens
from
the
Isle
of
Wight
(southern
England)
were
N.
aquitanicus
Benoist,
1889
although
according
to
Schaub
(1981),
N.
aquitanicus
is
much
larger
and
more
regularly
coiled
than
N.
orbignyi.
Doomink
(1932)
described
specimens
from
central
Java
as
N.
irregularis
on
account
of
their
similarity
to
N.
irregu-
laris
material
from
India.
His
description
refers
to
granules,
a
common
morphological
character
of
the
Nummulitidae.
However,
N.
irregularis
does
not
have
granules
(Schaub,
1981;
Racey,
1995).
Granules
are
present
in
the
Javanese
specimens,
and
are
formed
by
small
pustules,
comparable
to
those
in
Recent
Operculina
ammonoides
Gronovius,
1781.
The
Javanese
specimens,
therefore,
cannot
be
as-
signed
to
N.
irregularis.
The
description
given
by
Caudri
(1934)
is
similar
to
that
of
the
above-mentioned
specimens.
Although
she
did
not
give
any
measurements,
she
stated
that
the
coiling
is
tighter
than
that
of
the
Indian
and
Euro-
pean
specimens.
The
Javanese
specimens
studied
herein
exactly
match
the
type
specimens
of
Camerina
crasseornata.
In
equato-
rial
section,
the
septa
are
thinner
and
the
chambers
higher
than
in
P.
taballarensis.
They
are
larger
than
both
P.
thalicus
and
P.
taballarensis,
have
a
more
inflated
test
and
more
numerous,
coarse
pillars
over
the
poles.
In
the
largest
B-forms,
the
last
whorl
is
evolute
and
the
coarse
marginal
cord
forms
a
ridge
that
is
visible
on
the
test
surface,
a
fea-
Table
23.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Palaeonummulites
crasseomatus
(Henrici).
Figure
13.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
crasseornatus
(Henrici,
1934).
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Radius
(mm)-Java
0.29 0.58 0.98
1.46 1.92
2.1
Chambers-
Java
7
15
24 30 34
39

-50-
ture
otherwise
seen
only
in
Ranikothalia.
Unlike
in
the
lat-
ter
genus,
the
alar
prolongations
do
not
extend
towards
the
poles
in
axial
section
and
are
much
higher.
Nummulites
kemmerlingi
Caudri
(1934,
pp.
60-62)
was
recognised
by
Caudri
from
only
seven
specimens.
It
is
very
similar
to
P.
crasseomatus
but
larger
(8.5-15
mm).
No
specimens
could
be
traced
in
museum
collections
and
the
material
illustrated
by
Caudri
(1934)
is
only
slightly
larger
than
the
largest
P.
crasseomatus
B-form
described
herein.
Thus,
N.
kemmerlingi
is
regarded
herein
as a
synonym
of
P.
crasseomatus.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Java
(Nanggulan,
Jatibungkus
Limestone),
Timor
(Henrici,
1934),
Sumba
(Caudri,
1934)
and
Sulawesi
(Ralla
Bridge
section).
Else-
where:
specimens
from
Pinugay
Hill,
Luzon,
the
Philip-
pines
(Hashimoto
et
al.,
1978c)
resemble
P.
crasseomatus,
although
the
figures
provided
are
insufficient
to
allow
posi-
tive
identification.
Stratigraphic
range
—
Recorded
from
Timor
together
with
Alveolina
ovicula
and
N.
javanus
(Ta
Stage).
In
Java,
P.
crasseornatus
is
found
in
the
Discocyclina
Beds
at
Nang-
gulan
(upper
PI2,
upper
NP16),
at
the
Lutetian-Bartonian
boundary.
In
the
Jiwo
Hills
area,
they
are
dated
as
P12-14,
upper
NP15-16,
i.e.
latest
Lutetian
to
earliest
Bartonian
(Ta,
Middle
Eocene).
Palaeonummulites
crasseornatus
is
found
in
Sumba
together
with
P.
beaumonti,
P.
taballaren-
sis
and
Planocamerinoides
orientalis,
indicative
of
a
late
Lutetian
age.
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia
is
there-
fore
considered
to
be
Middle
Eocene
(Ta,
upper
Lutetian-
Bartonian).
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
(Verbeek,
1871)
Figures
14,
28A-E;
Tables
24,
25
*
1871
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
p.
3.
1874
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Verbeek,
p.
145.
*1891
Nummulites
nanggoelani
Verbeek,
p.
161.
1896
Nummulites
nanggoelani
Verbeek,
1891
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1105.
1896
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1107.
1905
Nummulites
nanggoulani
Verbeek,
1891
-
Deprat,
p.
494.
1912b
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Douville,
p.
284.
1929
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p. 6.
1929
Camerina
nanggoelani
Verbeek,
1891
-
Gerth,
p.
598.
1931
Camerina
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871-Umbgrove,
p.
50.
1932
Camerina
pengaronensis
(Verbeek,
1871)-Doomink,
p.
283.
1932
Camerina
pustulosa
Douville,
1919
-
Doomink,
p.
286.
*1932
Camerina
gerthi
Doornink,
p.
296.
1934
Nummulites
cf,
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871-Caudri,
p.
52.
1934
Camerina
pengaronensis
(Verbeek,
1871)
-
Henrici,
p.
29.
1949
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Rutten
in
Van
Bemmelen,
p.
85.
1968
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Samanta,
p.
677.
1973
Nummulites
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871-Binnekamp,
p.
10.
1979
Nummulites
pengalonensis
[sic]
Verbeek,
1871
-
Hashi-
moto
et
al.,
p.
155.
1981b
Nummulites
cf.
pengaronensis
Verbeek,
1871
-
Hashi-
moto
&
Matsumaru,
p.
68.
Material
—
Ten
specimens,
including
five
equatorial
and
two
axial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Pengaron
(Borneo);
fifteen
specimens,
including
five
equatorial
sections
of
B-
forms,
and
four
equatorial
and
one
axial
sections
of
A-
Figure
14.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
(Verbeek,
1871)

-51
-
forms
from
Nanggulan
(central
Java;
RGM
202026);
nu-
merous
specimens
from
Sangiran,
including
ten
equatorial
and
one
axial
of
A-forms
and
one
B-form
(RGM
202027);
ten
specimens,
including
four
equatorial
sections
of
A-
forms
and
four
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Nias;
three
equatorial
and
two
axial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Timor
(Institut
fiir
Palaontologie,
Universitat
Bonn).
Description
—
A-form:
test
biconical,
with
a
sharp
to
rounded
periphery,
3.1
-4.1
mm
(average
3.6
mm)
in
diame-
ter
and
up
to
3.2
mm
thick;
D/T
=
1.8
(1.3-2.4).
Septal
filaments
radiating,
straight
to
slightly
S-shaped.
Polar
usu-
ally
with
pillar
present.
In
equatorial
section,
up
to
5.5
whorls
with
a
regularly
opening
spire
(Figure
14)
and
has
a
thick
marginal
cord
(1/3-1/4
of
chamber
height).
Chambers
slightly
longer
than
high
to
equidimensional.
Septa
thin,
perpendicular
to
marginal
cord,
curving
backwards.
Test
is
distinctly
diamond
shaped
in
axial
section,
with
an
umbili-
cal
plug
(pillar)
which
is
poorly
developed
in
some
speci-
mens.
Alar
prolongations
narrow.
Proloculus
small,
0.18-
0.28
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
exterior
similar
to
A-form
with
test
diameter
up
to
9
mm,
thickness
up
to
3
mm;
D/T
=
2.5
(1.8-3.2).
Spire
gradually
opening,
uniform
(Figure
14)
with
marginal
cord
thin,
about
1/5
of
chamber
height.
Chambers
higher
than
broad
to
isometric
in
the
outer
whorls.
Septa
perpendicular
to
the
marginal
cord,
strongly
curving
backwards
in
the
distal
half.
Biconical
in
axial
section,
with
umbilical
plug
(pillar),
alar
prolongations
narrow.
Remarks
—
There
has
been
confusion
about
whether
the
type
specimen
of
P.
pengaronensis
was
an
A-form
or
a
B-
form
(see
Doomink,
1932).
The
types
were
not
available
for
study,
although
topotypes
collected
by
Verbeek
have
been
examined.
The
diameter
of
the
B-forms
is
6-9
mm,
which
is
similar
to
the
diameter
of
the
types.
The
co-
occurring
A-forms
are
much
smaller,
being
up
to
4
mm
in
diameter.
Both
have
a
similar
external
morphology
and
chamber
shape.
The
holotype
is
probably
a
B-form,
as
originally
noted
by
Van
der
Vlerk
(1929),
who
probably
saw
the
types.
In
subsequent
descriptions,
the
A-
and
B-
forms
have
often
been
confused.
Palaeonummulites
pen-
garonensis
is
very
similar
to
N.
striatus
(Bruguiere,
1792),
but
is
smaller
with
a
smaller
proloculus
in
the
A-form.
The
fourth
and
fifth
whorls
are
more
tightly
coiled
in
the
A-
forms.
Both
species
have
an
axial
pillar
and
a
distinctive
diamond-shaped
test
in
axial
section.
Doornink
(1932,
p.
296)
described
Camerina
gerthi
from
Gamping,
and
noted
that
‘owing
to
the
special
charac-
ter
of
this
form,
it
is
very
difficult
to
name
a
species
which
may be
related
to
it’.
We
found
a
similar
facies,
rich
in
Pel-
latispira,
some
Sylvestriella,
Discocyclina,
Asterocyclina
and
rare
Heterostegina
and
P.
pengaronensis
B-form
at
Sangiran,
with
abundant
globular
Palaeonummulites,
very
similar
to
the
ones
figured
by
Doomink.
In
all
measure-
ments
these
are
similar
to
P.
pengaronensis,
and
thus
C.
gerthi
is
regarded
as a
junior
synonym
of
that
species.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
western,
central
and
eastern
Java,
Sumba,
Borneo,
Sulawesi,
Timor
and
Nias
(Sumatra).
Elsewhere;
Assam
(eastern
India;
Samanta,
1968),
New
Caledonia
(Deprat,
1905),
Papua
New
Guinea
(Binnekamp,
1973)
and
Saipan
(Cole,
1954,
1957).
Stratigraphic
range
—
Most
abundant
in
the
(?uppermost
Bartonian
and)
Priabonian
(i.e.,
Tb,
Upper
Eocene),
post-
dating
the
extinction
of
Ta
forms.
Van
der
Vlerk
(1929)
reported
P.
pengaronensis
with
N.
fichteli
and
Heteroste-
gina
reticulata
Riitimeyer,
1850
in
Borneo,
which
would
indicate
an
Early
Oligocene
age.
Palaeonummulites
pen-
garonensis
is
also
found
together
with
N.
javanus
in
Java
and
in
Timor
associated
with
Cribrohantkenina
and
P.
variolarius,
indicating
a
Late
Eocene
(P16)
age.
The
strati-
graphic
range
in
Indonesia
is
assumed
therefore
to
be
upper
Middle
Eocene
through
Lower
Oligocene
(Ta
to
Tc,
Lu-
tetian
to
(lower)
Rupelian).
Palaeonummulites
songoensis
n.
sp.
Figures
15,
31C-G;
Tables
26,
27
1932
Camerina
pustulosus
Douville,
1919
-
Doomink,
p.
286.
Material
—
Twenty-five
individuals,
including
ten
equato-
rial
and
four
axial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Nanggulan.
Types
—
Holotype
is
RGM
202000;
paratypes
are
RGM
202001-202010,
as
well
as
Geologisch
Museum
Artis,
nos
05743-1
and
05743-2.
Type
locality
—
Kali
Songo,
Nanggulan
(central
Java,
In-
donesia).
Table
24.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
(Verbeek).
Table
25.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
(Verbeek).
Whorl
number
1
2345
Radius
(mm)
0.5
0.63
1.0 1.4 1.7
Chambers
8
14
19
24 30
Whorl
number
1
234
5
6 7
8
9
Radius
(mm)
0.15
0.4 0.6
0.83
1.4 1.9
2.6
3.4
3.94
Chambers
23
27
35 33
46
- -
-

-52-
Type
horizon
—
Discocyclina
Beds
of
the
Nanggulan
For-
mation
(Middle
Eocene,
uppermost
Lutetian
or
basal
Bar-
tonian).
Diagnosis
—
A
small,
tightly
coiled
Palaeonummulites,
with
all
whorls
involutely
coiled.
Septa
curved
with
large
granules
in
the
centre
of
the
test.
Marginal
cord
thick,
1/3
of
the
chamber
height.
Description
—
A-form:
test
lenticular
with
a
flattened
pe-
riphery,
diameter
3-4
mm,
thickness
1.5-2.5
mm;
D/T
1.5-
2.4.
Septal
filaments
slightly
curved,
radiating.
Lateral
sur-
face
covered
by
coarse
pustules,
concentrated
in
the
urn-
bonal
region.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
gradually
opening
(Figure
15).
Septa
thin,
perpendicular
to
slightly
inclined,
straight
and
bent
backwards
in
their
basal
part.
Chambers
3-4x
higher
than
broad.
In
axial
section,
pillars
occur
mainly
over
the
umbonal
region.
Proloculus
0.2-0.3
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
lenticular,
involute
throughout,
sometimes
with
an
umbonal
depression.
Diameter
4
to
6
mm,
thick-
ness
up
to
2
mm;
D/T
=
1.7-3.2
(12
measured
specimens).
Umbonal
region
covered
by
coarse
pustules,
90-210
im
in
diameter.
The
number
of
granules
and
the
surface
area
cov-
ered
by
these
granules
is
variable.
The
granules
mainly
occupy
the
centre
of
the
test
and
are
arranged
in
a
spiral
in
the
outer
half
of
the
test.
Smoothly
curved
septal
filaments
are
seen
mainly
at
the
outer
half
of
the
test
(Figure
3
IE).
In
equatorial
section,
the
spire
opens
slowly,
occasionally
with
some
irregularities
(Figure
15).
Septa
are
thin,
straight,
and
bent
backwards
in
their
upper
part.
Intraseptal
canal
clearly
visible.
Chambers
2-3x
higher
than
broad,
except
in
areas
showing
relatively
low
whorl
height.
In
axial
thin
section,
densely
packed
pil-
lars
occur
over
the
umbonal
region.
Marginal
cord
thick,
coarsely
canalised.
Remarks
—
Dooraink
(1932)
first
recorded
this
species
as
Camerina
pustulosus
Douville,
1919.
Table
26.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Palaeonummulites
songoensis
n.sp.
Table
27.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Palaeonummulites
songoensis
n.sp.
The
holotype
is
shown
separately,
as
well
as
the
average.
Figure
15.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
songoensis
n.
sp.
Whorl
number
1
2 3
Radius
(mm)
0.5
1.1 1.7
Chambers
7
18
26
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5 6
Radius
(mm)
holotype
0.36
0.55 0.83
1.12 1.49 1.97
Chambers
8
17
26
31
32 39
Radius
(ram)
average
0,29 0.58
0.98
1.46 1.92
2.1
Chambers
average
7
15
24 30 34 39
Number
of
measured
specimens
55553
1

-53-
The
European
specimens
of
N.
pustulosus
show
a
superfi-
cial
resemblance
in
external
appearance,
although
the
B-
form
is
much
larger,
as
is
the
proloculus
size
in
the
A-form
and
the
chamber
shape
is
much
more
regular
than
in
C.
pustulosus.
The
Javanese
specimens
show
all
the
character-
istics
of
the genus
Palaeonummulites
,
although
their
mar-
ginal
cord
is
more
strongly
developed
and
coiling
is
opener
than
given
in
the
generic
diagnosis
by
Haynes
(1988).
It
has
thin,
straight
septa
with
a
relatively
thick
marginal
cord.
Especially
there
where
the
chambers
are
very
high,
the
septa
are
bent
backwards
in
their
topmost
quarter.
Geographic
distribution
—
Known
only
from
central
Java
(Jiwo,
Kali
Songo
[‘Kali
Semah’]
(Doomink,
1932)).
Ad-
ditional
specimens
have been
found
in
samples
from
Kali
Songo
(RGM
20200)
and
‘Kali
Semah’
(B
8718,
Geolo-
gisch
Museum
Artis).
Stratigraphic
range
—
The
few
known
localities
that
have
been
dated
as
zone
PI2
(late
NP16,
Middle
Eocene,
up-
permost
Lutetian
or
lowermost
Bartonian)
(see
Lunt,
2000a;
present
paper).
Palaeonummulites
sp.
Figures
16,
28F,
G;
Tables
28,
29
1908
Nummulites
guettardi
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
-
Osimo,
p.
30.
1908
Nummulites
guettardi
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
-
Provale,
p.
82.
1934
Camerina
guettardi
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
-
Henrici,
p. 26.
1934
Camerina
cf.
globula
Leymerie
1846
-
Henrici,
p.
28.
Material
—
Ten
specimens
from
Timor,
including
four
equatorial
and
three
axial
sections
of
A-forms
and
two
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
(Institut
fiir
Palaontologie,
Universitat
Bonn).
Description
—
A-form:
test
lenticular,
small
with
rounded
periphery.
Diameter
up
to
4
mm,
thickness
up
to
2
mm;
D/T
on
average
2.1.
Polar
pillar
small
with
septal
filaments
radiating
straight.
In
equatorial
section,
the
spire
is
tight
and
regularly
coiled
(Figure
16).
Chambers
are
higher
than
broad
to
equidimensional
with
marginal
cord
1/10
of
chamber
height.
Septa
perpendicular,
curved
backwards.
In
axial
section,
a
weak
single
polar
pillar
is
present.
Prolocu-
lus
small
0.09-0.18
mm
in
diameter.
B-form;
test
lenticular,
small
with
rounded
periphery,
di-
ameter
up
to
6
mm,
thickness
up
to
3.5
mm;
D/T
on
aver-
age
2.0.
Polar
pillar
small
with
septal
filaments
curving
radially
outwards
from
the
polar
area
and
straightening
towards
the
margin.
In
equatorial
section,
spire
compact,
regular
(Figure
16).
Chambers
higher
than
broad,
with
rounded
tops.
Septa
curved
backwards,
almost
perpendicu-
lar
to
marginal
cord
at
base.
Marginal
cord
thin,
about
1/10
of
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
a
weakly
developed
polar
pillar
is
present.
Remarks
—
This
species
most
closely
resembles
Camerina
globula
Leymerie,
1846,
from
which
it
differs
in
having
more
and
slightly
tighter
coiled
whorls
with
fewer
cham-
bers
in
the
A-form.
Table
28.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Palaeonummulites
sp.
Table
29.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Palaeonummulites
sp.
Figure
16.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
sp.
Whorl
number
1
2345
Radius
(mm)
0.3
0.62 0.78
1.02
1.4
Chambers
9 14
21
24 28
Whorl
number
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Radius
(mm)
0.08 0.16 0.28 0.52
0.90
1.34
2.1
2.65
3.6
Chambers
12
18
24 26 30 34 38

-54-
The
microspheric
form
is
slightly
larger
and
flatter
than
that
of
C.
globula.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Timor
(Henrici,
1934),
Sumba
(Caudri,
1934),
Java,
and
Borneo.
Stratigraphic
range
—
In
Borneo
and
Timor,
it
was
found
together
with
Orbitolites
complanatus
Lamarck,
1801.
These
deposits
are
interpreted
as
early
Lutetian
in
age.
Suggested
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia:
the
older
part
of
the
Middle
Eocene,
Tai_2
(?Ypresian-lower
Lutetian).
Palaeonummulites
taballarensis
(Caudri,
1934)
Figures
17,
31K-M;
Tables
30,
31
1929
Nummlites
thalicus
Davies,
1927
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
10.
1929
Nummulites
nuttalli
Davies,
1927
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
10,
1932
Nummulites
variolarius
Lamarck,
1804
-
Doomink,
p.
287.
*1934
Camerina
borneensis
Caudri,
p.
56.
*1934
Camerina
taballarensis
Caudri,
p.
59.
Material
—
Numerous
specimens,
including
eight
equato-
rial
and
three
axial
sections
of
A-forms,
plus
four
equato-
rial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Sungai
Taballar
(Borneo;
ROM
19126-19141).
Description
—
A-form:
test
involute,
small,
diameter
2.2-
3.2
mm,
thickness
1.5-
2.1
mm;
D/T
=
1.5.
In
the
centre
of
the
test,
a
cluster
of
pillars
(usually
fewer
than
10)
forms
an
umbo,
with
24-25
straight
septal
filaments
radiating
to-
wards
the
margin
(often
becoming
slightly
curved
near
the
margin).
In
rare
cases,
some
pillars
that
are
arranged
in
a
spiral
over
the
polar
region.
Whorls
open
gradually
(Figure
17)
and
are
slightly
tighter
than
in
P.
thalicus
Davies,
1927.
Thick
marginal
cord,
about
0.3-lx
chamber
height.
Cham-
bers
rectangular
with
rounded
top,
on
average
1.25x
higher
than
broad.
Septa
straight,
thick
with
a
clearly
visible
in-
traseptal
canal
oriented
obliquely
to
the
marginal
cord.
Proloculus
0.35-0.5
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
test
lenticular,
involute,
last
whorl
partly
evolute.
Diameter
up
to
5
mm,
thickness
2.3
mm;
D/T
=
2.
Chamber
walls
in
the
last
whorl
are
almost
parallel,
with
a
well-
developed
marginal
cord.
Large
polar
pillar
and
several
smaller
ones,
arranged
more
or
less
in
a
spiral
over
the
cen-
tre
of
the
test.
Spire
opening
gradually
(Figure
17).
Mar-
ginal
cord
about
0.2x
chamber
height
in
axial
section.
Septa
straight
with
an
intraseptal
canal
clearly
visible.
Chambers
are
about
1.5-2x
higher
than
broad
and
have
rounded
tops.
Remarks
—
The
A-form
differs
from
N.
nuttalli
in
hav-
ing
thicker
and
straighter
septa,
higher
chambers,
tighter
coiling
and
a
larger
proloculus.
The
B-form
is
character-
ised
by
its
tighter
spire,
smaller
number
of
chambers
per
whorl,
less
elongate
chambers
and
a
marginal
cord
which
does
not
stand
out
in
relief
as
strongly
as
is
typical
in
B-
Table
30.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Palaeonummulites
taballarensis
(Caudri).
Table
31.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Palaeonummulites
taballarensis
(Caudri).
Figure
17.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
taballarensis
(Caudri,
1934)
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
Radius
(mm)
0.62 0.97
1.37
1.88
Chambers
9
18
23
Whorl
number
1
234567
8
Radius
(mm)
0.15
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2 1.6 2.1
2.6
Chambers
8
9
13 19
25 33
34 40

-55
-
forms
of
N.
nuttalli.
There
is
a
lot
of
confusion
about
the
occurrence
of
this
species
outside
the
Indian
subcontinent,
especially
in
Indonesia.
Van
der
Vlerk
(1929)
identified
Nummulites
nuttalli
(B-form)
and
N.
thalicus
(A-form)
from
eastern
Borneo.
Davies
described
the
B-form
of
N.
nuttalli
and
the
A-form
(
N..
thalicus)
from
India.
Later
these
were
considered
a
species
pair
and
Caudri
(1934)
used
N.
nut-
talli
as
the
type
species
of
the
genus
Ranikothalia.
The
A-form
of
R.
nuttalli,
as
presented
by
Racey
(1995),
is
more
closely
similar
to
Palaeonummulites
thalicus,
suggesting
that
R.
nuttalli
and
P.
thalicus
do
not
belong
to
the
same
genus
(Racey,
1995).
The
same
pair-
ing
was
also
reported
to
occur
in
samples
from
eastern
Borneo
by
Van
der
Vlerk
(1929).
Caudri
(1934)
restudied
Van
der
Vlerk’s
samples
from
Borneo
and
concluded
that
the
B-forms
were
differ-
ent
from
R.
nuttalli
in
being
smaller
and
more
tightly
coiled
and
described
these
as
Camerina
borneensis.
Ad-
ams
(1970)
restudied
paratypes
of
R.
nuttalli
(from
India)
and
concluded
that
these
are
different
from
those
found
in
Indonesia,
and
subscribed
to
Caudri’s
(1934)
view.
After
comparing
the
figured
specimens
of
Van
der
Vlerk
and
additional
material
of
Ranikothalia
B-forms
in
Davies
(1927),
Caudri
(1934)
and
Racey
(1995),
and
after
having
studied
topotypes
of
C.
borneensis
,
we
con-
clude
that
the
B-form
illustrated
by
Van
der
Vlerk
is
not
Ranikothalia
nuttalli
and
should
be
reassigned
to
Pa-
laeonummulites.
Caudri
(1934)
reassigned
the
A-form
from
Borneo
(N.
thalicus,
sensu
Van
der
Vlerk)
to
Camerina
tabal-
larensis,
whilst
Adams
(1970)
agreed
with
the
original
identification
of
N.
thalicus
by
Van
der
Vlerk.
Racey
(1995)
re-examined
the
records
of
R.
nuttalli
and
consid-
ered
the
A-forms
of
C.
borneensis
(including
C.
tabal-
larensis)
to
be
synonymous
with
R.
nuttalli.
However,
because
of
the
larger
proloculus
and
tighter
coiling
of
the
Indonesian
specimens,
we
do
not
agree
that
C.
tabal-
larensis
(the
A-form
accompanying
C.
borneensis)
is
the
same
as
P.
thalicus.
Thus,
we
conclude
that
both
micro-
spheric
and
macrospheric
specimens
should
be
assigned
to
a
species
other
than
P.
thalicus.
Although
Caudri
(1934)
described
C.
borneensis
first,
it
is
more
appropri-
ate
to
use
the
name
P.
taballarensis,
published
in
the
same
paper,
but
some
pages
further
on,
since
most
of
the
species
are
macrospheric
forms
and
the
microspheric
forms
are
extremely
rare.
From
the
above
it
is
clear
that
the
only
illustrated
and
documented
record
of
Ra-
nikothalia
from
the
Indonesian
region
is
erroneous
and
that
these
specimens
should
be
reassigned
to
Pa-
laeonummulites.
In
the
type
sample
from
Sungai
Taballar,
one
speci-
men
(an
axial
section)
has
been
found
that
has
a
much
smaller
proloculus
and
more
pronounced
pustules
ex-
tending
over
a
larger
part
of
the
test.
It
resembles
P.
cu-
villieri
Sander,
1962
from
Oman
(Racey,
1995),
a
spe-
cies
that
is
abundant
in
India
in
strata
of
similar
age
(Saraswati
et
al.,
2000).
Since
it
is
just
a
single
specimen,
and
we
have
not
been
able
to
find
additional
material
to
obtain
equatorial
sections,
we
do
not
formally
record
P.
cuvillieri
from
Indonesia
here.
Geographic
distribution
—
Known
only
from
Borneo
(Sungai
Taballar;
Van
der
Vlerk,
1929)
and
Sumba
(Caudri,
1934).
The
fact that
the
only
previously
pub-
lished
records
of
Ranikothalia
from
the
Indonesian
re-
gion
now
prove
reassignable
to
a
different
genus
(i.e..
Palaeonummulites)
has
important
palaeobiogeographic
implications
in
that
it
lends
support
to
the
idea
that
the
genus
Ranikothalia
is
restricted
to
the
Indian
subconti-
nent
and
to
the
Middle
East
(see
also
Racey,
1995;
Haynes
et
al.,
in
press).
Stratigraphic
range
—
In
Borneo,
this
species
co-occurs
with
P.
beaumonti
and
P.
variolarius,
indicating
a
mid-
dle
to
late
Lutetian
age.
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indo-
nesia
is
interpreted
to
be
Lutetian.
Palaeonummulites
variolarius
(Lamarck,
1804)
Figures
18,
29E-H;
Tables
32,
33
*1804
Lenticulites
variolaria
Lamarck,
p.
187.
1829
Nummularia
variolaria
(Lamarck,
1804)
-
J. de
C.
Sowerby,
p.
76.
1840
Nummulina
variolaria
Lamarck,
1804
-
Sowerby,
p.
533
*1891
Nummulites
bagelensis
var.
Ib,
lie
and
lid
Verbeek,
p.
67.
1896
Nummulites
bagelensis
var.
Ib,
lie
and
lid
Verbeek,
1891
-
Verbeek
&
Fennem,
p.
1101.
1905
Nummulites
variolarius
Sowerby,
1829
-
Deprat,
p.
495.
1912b
Camerina
variolaria
(Sowerby,
1829)
-
Douville,
p.
256.
1929
Nummulites
bagelensis
Verbeek,
1891
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
18.
1929
Nummulites
variolarius
Sowerby,
1829
-
Van
der
Vlerk,
p.
21.
*1932
Camerina
semiglobula
Doornink,
p.
292.
1932
Camerina
mamilla
Fichtel
and
Moll,
1798
-
Doornink,
p.
290.
1934
Camerina
bagelensis
Verbeek
-
Henrici,
p.
25.
1934
Camerina
variolaria
Sowerby
-
Henrici,
p.
27.
nonl932
Nummulites
variolarius
(Lamarck,
1804)-Doom-
ink,
p.
287
(=
P.
taballarensis).
Material
—
>40
specimens,
including
ten
equatorial
and
five
axial
sections
of
both
A-
and
B-forms
from
Nanggu-
lan
(central
Java;
RGM
20129);
>
40
specimens,
includ-
ing
ten
equatorial
and
five
axial
sections
of
both
A-
and
B-forms
from
Ralla
(Sulawesi;
RGM
20130);
twenty
specimens
including
five
equatorial
sections
of
A-forms
and
ten
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
from
Sungai
Seilor
and
Taballar
(RGM
19076-19105).

-56-
Description
—
A-form:
small,
biconical
test
up
to
2.5
mm
in
diameter
and
up
to
1.7
mm
thick;
D/T
=
average
of
1.6.
Septal
filaments
straight
to
S-shaped,
radiating
from
a
polar
pillar
occasionally
developing
secondary
filaments.
In
equatorial
section,
tightly
coiled,
compris-
ing
up
to
five
whorls
that
open
very
regularly
(Figure
18).
Chambers
as
high
as
broad
or
slightly
higher
than
broad.
Septa
perpendicular
to
marginal
cord,
strongly
curving
backwards
in
their
distal
part.
Marginal
cord
about
1/5
or
less
of
the
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
a
clear
umbilical
pillar
is
present.
Proloculus
very
small,
0.05-0.15
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
similar
to
the
A-form,
although
slightly
larger,
up
to
4
mm
in
diameter
and
up
to
2.5
mm
thick;
D/T
=
2.1
on
average.
Septal
filaments
straight
to
S-shaped
with
polar
pillar.
In
equatorial
section,
comprising
up
to
six
whorls,
that
open
gradually
(Figure
18).
Marginal
cord
quite
thick,
irregular.
Septa
oblique
and
curved
in
their
distal
part.
Chambers
in
the
first
whorls
higher
than
broad,
isometric
in
the
last
whorls.
Marginal
cord
1/6
of
the
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
the
polar
pillar
is
more
pronounced
than
in
the
A-form.
Remarks
—
This
species
maybe
confused
with
P.
globu-
lus
(Leymerie,
1846),
which
Blondeau
(1972)
suggested
was
the
precursor
of
P.
variolarius.
Both
A-
and
B-forms
of
the
present
species
are
smaller
than
those
of
P.
globu-
lus
and
in
axial
section
the
polar
pillar
is
less
pronounced
in
the
former.
Furthermore,
the
A-form
of
P.
variolarius
is
more
tightly
coiled
and
has
fewer
chambers
in
each
whorl
than
P.
globulus.
The
B-form
of
P.
globulus
has
more
whorls
and
is
much
larger
than
the
B-form
of
P.
variolarius.
The
taxonomic
status
of
the
present
species
is
un-
clear;
it
was
first
described
by
Lamarck
(1804)
without
an
accompanying
illustration
or
type
locality,
who
placed
it
in
the
genus
Lenticulites,
although
he
had
erected
the
genus
Nummulites
just
three
years
earlier
(Lamarck,
1801).
J.
de
C.
Sowerby
(1829),
who
referred
in
his
re-
cord
to
Lamarck’s
description
(1804),
was
the
first
to
illustrate
P.
variolarius.
Blondeau
(1972)
mentioned
P.
variolarius
from
a
wide
range
of
localities,
including
England,
the
Paris
and
Aquitaine
basins
(France),
North
Africa,
the
former
Soviet
Union
and
New
Caledonia.
Specimens
of
N.
bagelensis
lb,
lie
and
lid
(
sensu
Verbeek)
in
the
NNM
collections
all
belong
to
the
pre-
sent
species,
as
do
specimens
identified
as
N.
bagelensis
from
Borneo
by
Van
der
Vlerk
(1929).
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
widely
distributed
throughout
Indonesia
(Java,
Borneo,
Timor,
Sulawesi,
Nias,
and
Sumba).
Elsewhere:
only
rarely
included
in
studies
dealing
with
Nummulitidae
(see
above).
Blon-
deau
(1972)
recorded
it
from
England,
France,
Belgium,
the
former
Soviet
Union,
Egypt,
Somalia,
Mozambique
and
New
Caledonia.
Stratigraphic
range
—
The
oldest
occurrences
are
asso-
ciated
with
N.
djokdjokartae,
or
PI2,
whilst
the
youngest
record
in
Java
is
from
the
Discocyclina
Beds
in
the
Nanggulan
section,
dated
as
upper
Middle
Eocene
(PI2,
late
NP16,
lowermost
Bartonian;
see
Lunt,
2000a,
b).
In
Sulawesi
(Ralla),
it
is
found
in
P15-PI7
sediments,
and
Table
32.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Palaeonummulites
variolarius
(Lamarck).
Table
33.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Palaeonummulites
variolarius
(Lamarck)
Figure
18.
Coiling
diagram
of
Palaeonummulites
variolarius
(Lamarck,
1804),
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5
Radius
(mm)
0.2
0.43
0.72
0.95
1.25
Chambers
7
11
13
16
20
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Radius
(mm)
0.1
0.30
0.45 0.75
1.2
1.8
Chambers
8 12 14
18
26 30

-57-
in
Timor
in
P16
sediments.
Blondeau
(1972)
suggested
a
range
from
the
Lutetian
to
Bartonian.
The
stratigraphic
range
in
Indonesia
is
estimated
to
be
Middle
to
Upper
Eocene
(Taa-Tb;
middle
Lutetian-Priabonian).
Genus
Planocamerinoides
Cole,
1957
Type
species
—
Nummularia
exponens
J.
de
C.
Sowerby
in
Stykes,
1840
by
original
designation
Diagnosis
—
Test
planispiral,
compressed,
often
with
an
inflated
polar
region
and
a
marked
central
depression;
spire
tightly
and
uniformly
coiled,
many
whorls,
quasi-
evolute.
i.e.
alar
prolongations
pinched
off,
although
spi-
ral
sheet
extends
towards
the
poles; opening
rate
less
than
1.5d;
chambers
regular
more
than 1.5x
higher
than
broad,
marginal
cord
finely
developed
and
generally
<1/4
chamber
height.
In
axial
cross-section,
chambers
are
tri-
angular,
often
increasing
in
height
towards
the
periphery.
A
pronounced
difference
in
diameter
between
the
B-form
and
the
A-form
generation
is
usually
noted
in
larger
Eo-
cene
species.
Stratigraphic
range
—
Upper
Paleocene
to
Middle
Eo-
cene,
common.
Discussion
—
Assilina
d’Orbigny,
1826
(type
species:
Assilina
depressa
d’Orbigny,
1850
differs
from
Plano-
camerinoides
in
having
a
completely
evolute,
flat
to
flatly
lenticular
test,
often
with
a
central
depression,
a
more
rapidly
opening
spire
(approximately
2d)
spire
and
a
thicker
marginal
cord.
The
taxa
described
below
have
traditionally
been
assigned
to
Assilina,
which
was
broadly
subdivided
by
Schaub
(1981)
into
two
main
groups,
the
A.
exponens
and
A.
spira
de
Roissy,
1805
groups.
All
forms
from
In-
donesia
described
below
have
been
reassigned
to
Plano-
camerinoides
as
defined
above,
following
Haynes
(1988)
and
Haynes
et
al.
(in
press).
Planocamerinoides
broadly
encompasses
most
of
the
species
previously
assigned
by
Schaub
(1981)
to
the
Assilina
exponens
group,
whilst
Assilina
is
used
mainly
for
species
previously
assigned
to
the
Assilina
spira
group
by
that
author.
Planocamerinoides
is
a
rare
genus
in
Indonesia,
con-
fined
to
a
limited
number
of
localities,
and
usually
occur-
ring
in
indurated
solid
carbonates,
making
it
difficult
to
isolate
and
describe
specimens.
One
of
the
species
dis-
cussed
herein,
P.
umbilicata,
is
included
despite
the
fact
that
we
have
not
seen
specimens.
However,
its
unique
morphology
warrants
recognition
and
inclusion
here.
Another
species
that,
if
proved
valid,
should
be
re-
ferred
to
as
P.
discoidea
(Caudri,
1934)
is
not
included
because
of
its
current
uncertain
status.
Specimens
similar
in
appearance
to
P.
discoidea,
described
by
Caudri
from
Sumba,
have
also
been
found
in
Borneo
(as
Assilina
granulosa
d’Archiac
van
minor
Heim
1908;
Yabe,
1921)
and
at
Kali
Worowari
(Java).
It
is
a
small,
macrospheric
Planocamerinoides
without
umbonal
depression,
but
with
parallel
sides.
It
co-occurs
with
Palaeonummulites
sp.
and
should
probably
be
assigned
to
Operculina
rather
than
to
Planocamerinoides.
Planocamerinoides
orientalis
(Douvillé,
1912b)
Figures
19,
30F;
Table
34
*
1912b
Assilina
orientalis
Douville,
p.
263.
1921
Assilina
orientalis
Douville,
1912
-
Yabe,
p.
105.
1934
Assilina
orientalis
Douville,
1912
-
Caudri,
p.
83.
Material
—
A
single
axial
section
of
an
A-form
from
Nias
(holotype)
and
several
oblique
sections
from
the
same
locality
(RGM
11879).
Description
—
A-form:
test
inflated
lenticular
with
a
sharp
edge,
diameter
5-5.8
mm,
thickness
1.5-2.2
mm;
D/T
=
1.5-2.5.
Some
specimens
show
a
poorly
developed
granulated
umbo
(,
e.g.,
Caudri,
1934,
pi.
2,
fig.
1).
The
lateral
surface
of
the
test
generally
is
smooth,
while
radi-
ate,
slightly
curved
septa
are
visible
as
septal
ridges.
In
equatorial
section
(see
Doomink,
1932,
figs
f,
17,
18)
spire
tight,
opening
very
gradually.
Chambers
equidi-
mensional,
septa
perpendicular,
slightly
recurved
towards
their
tops.
Marginal
cord
1/4
of
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
a
very
thick
spiral
sheet
extends
towards
the
poles
and
coarse
pillars
occur
in
the
central
part
of
the
test
which
reach
the
lateral
surface
of
the
test.
In
axial
section,
chambers
have
a
strongly
tapering,
arrowhead
shape.
Proloculus
0.15-0.25
mm
in
diameter.
B-form:
not
found.
Remarks
—
Easily
recognised
in
axial
section
on
account
of
the
very
robust
appearance
with
thick
spiral
sheet
and
coarse
pillars
in
the
polar
region.
Figure
19.
Coiling
diagram
of
Planocamerinoides
orientalis
(Douville,
1912b).

-58-
The
Indonesian
specimens
are
larger
than
P.
sublaminosa
(Gill,
1953),
from
the
Lower
Eocene
of
Pakistan
(Gill,
1953;
Akhtar
&
Butt,
1999),
which
reaches
only
2-3.6
mm
in
diameter
and
are
otherwise
similar.
Planocamerinoides
sublaminosa
may be
the
precursor
of
P.
orientalis.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia;
Borneo,
Java,
Nias
and
Sumba.
Elsewhere:
NW
Pakistan
(Gill,
1953).
Stratigraphic
range
—
Co-occurring
with
P.
beaumonti
in
Nias
(Douville,
1912b),
with
Alveolina
ovicula
and
P.
beaumonti
in
Sumba
(Caudri,
1934);
with
P.
taballarensis
and
Discocyclina
javana
(Verbeek,
1891)
(small
form)
in
Sumba
(Caudri,
1934),
and
with
P.
pengaronensis
in
Bor-
neo
(Yabe,
1921).
The
suggested
range
for
this
species
based
on
the
associated
microfauna
in
Indonesia
is
Ta
(Middle
Eocene,
middle
to
upper
Lutetian
to
possibly
basal
Bartonian).
Planocamerinoides
sp.
Figures
20,
30G-K;
Tables
35,
36
1896
Assilina
spira de
Roissy,
1805
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1102.
1896
Nummulites
(Assilina)
leymeriei
d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853
-
Verbeek
&
Fennema,
p.
1103.
1912b.
Assilina
granulosa
d’Archiac,
1847
-
Douville,
p.
263.
cf.
1921
Assilina
granulosa
d’Archiac
var.
minor
Heim
-
Yabe,
p.
105,
1932
Assilina
granulosa
d’Archiac
-
Doomink,
p.
301.
1932
Assilina
spira
de
Roissy
-
Doornink,
p.
303.
1934
Assilina
spec,
granulosa-exponens
(partim)
-
Caudri,
p.
34.
Material
—
Five
specimens
from
Jiwo,
including
two
equatorial
sections
of
B-forms
and
one
of
an
A-form
(RGM
20214).
Description
—
Of
this
rare
species,
the
A-form
has
a
test
lenticular
to
flattened
lenticular
with
a
subrounded
periph-
ery,
diameter
5-7
mm,
thickness
1.5-2
mm;
D/T
=
3.2-4.0.
Granules
in
central
part
of
the
test,
which
is
occasionally
slightly
depressed.
Septal
ridges
are
visible
in
relief
in
the
outer
part
of
the
test.
In
equatorial
section,
comprising
up
to
4.5
whorls
of
similar
height.
Chambers
regularly
spaced,
of
similar
length
in
all
whorls,
slightly
higher
than
broad.
Marginal
cord
1/3-1/4
of
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
quasi-evolute
with
the
alar
prolongations
pinched
off
by
the
spiral
sheet
which
extends
towards
the
poles
in
all
whorls.
Lateral
sides
of
test
parallel,
without
a
polar
depression.
Proloculus
0.3-0.55
mm
in
diameter.
Table
34.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Planocamerinoides
orientalis
(Dou-
ville).
Table
35.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Planocamerinoides
sp.
Figure
20.
Coiling
diagram
of
Planocamerinoides
sp.
Whorl
1
2
3
4
5
Radius
(mm)
0.5 0,9
1.4 1.9
2.3
Chambers
9 21 24
7 ?
Whorl
number
1
234
Radius
(mm)
1.1
1.6 2.1 2.7
Chamber
11
20 24
32

-59-
B-form:
test
flat
with
a
sharp
periphery,
with
spire
and
septa
visible
as
ridges
on
the
test
surface.
Test
diameter
up
to
20
mm,
thickness
1.5-2.5
mm;
D/T
=
4.8-5.2.
Polar
re-
gion
finely
pillared.
In
equatorial
section,
the
spire
opens
regularly,
and
has
rectangular
chambers
which
are
1,5-2x
higher
than
broad.
Septa
straight,
perpendicular
to
slightly
inclined,
arcuate
in
the
outermost
part.
Marginal
cord
1/4
of
chamber
height.
In
axial
section,
the
spiral
sheet
extends
towards
the
poles,
whilst
the
alar
prolongations
are
pinched
off.
Lateral
surface
of
the
test
parallel,
without
a
polar
de-
pression.
Remarks
—
First
reported
by
Verbeek
&
Fennema
(1896)
as
N.
(Assilina)
leymeriei
(A-form),
which
was
assigned
to
Assilina
granulosa
by
Doornink
(1932).
Schaub
(1981)
discussed
the
synonymy
of
Assilina
laxispira
De
la
Harpe,
1926,
which
included
Assilina
granulosa.
However,
A.
laxispira
is
fully
evolute
and
the
spiral
sheet
is
pinched
off
on
the
previous
whorl.
In
the
Indonesian
specimens
la-
belled
N.
(A.)
granulosa
and
figured
by
Verbeek
&
Fen-
nema
(1896,
fig.
93),
the
spiral
sheet
is
not
pinched
off
and
clearly
reaches
towards
the
poles.
The
Indonesian
speci-
mens
should
therefore
be
reassigned
to
Planocamerinoides
Illustrations
and
descriptions
in
Verbeek
&
Fennema
(1896)
represent
the
only
data
available
on
the
micro-
spheric
generation
of
this
species
in
Indonesia.
In
both
figures
and
description,
it
is
clear
that
this
species,
originally
recorded
as
Assilina
spira,
should
be
reassigned
to
Planocamerinoides.
Assilina
spira
has
no
extending
spiral
laminae
and
is
fully
evolute,
thus
the
Indonesian
specimens
should
be
reassigned
to
another
species.
All
measurements
and
figures
resemble
Pl.
exponens,
although
the
size
is
in
the
lower
part
of
the
range
given
by
Racey
(1995).
Schaub
(1981)
suggested
that
Pl.
exponens
is
re-
placed
by
Pl.
cancellata
Nuttall,
1926
in
the
eastern
Tethys.
However,
Pl.
cancellata
is
even
larger
than
Pl.
exponens
and
more
tightly
coiled
(Racey,
1995).
The
Indo-
nesian
specimens
are
rather
small
and
have
a
slightly
looser
spire
than
Pl.
exponens.
Some
of
the
specimens
shown
by
Caudri
(1934)
match
this
species,
for
example
her
figs
6
and
7.
At all
localities
the
A-
and
B-forms
co-occur
and
are
therefore
inferred
to
represent
a
microspheric-megalo-
spheric
pair.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Java,
Borneo,
Nias
and
Sumba.
Stratigraphic
range
—
Co-occurring
with
Nummulites
javanus
at
some
Middle
Eocene
localities
in
eastern
and
central
Java
correlating
with
the
upper
Lutetian
or
lower
Bartonian.
Table
36.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Planocamerinoides
sp.
Figure
21.
Coiling
diagram
of
Planocamerinoides
umbilicata
(Rutten
in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915).
Whorl
number
1
2
3
4 5 6 7
8
9 10
Radius
(mm)
0.2
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.5
2.2
2.8 3.7
4.9
6.3

-60-
Planocamerinoides
umbilicata
(Rutten
in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915)
Figures
21,
30L-P;
Tables
37,
38
*
1915
Nummulites
(Assilina)
umbilicata
Rutten
in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
p.
60.
1934
Assilina
spec,
granulosa-exponens
type
(partim
)
-
Caudri,
p.
34.
non*1938
Assilina
umbilicata
de
Cizancourt,
p.
23.
Material
—
For
the
present
study,
no
specimens
were
available;
consequently
the
description
below
is
based
on
the
drawings
provided
by
Rutten
(in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915),
who
on
p.
60
of
that
paper
gave
an
equato-
rial
and
an
axial
section
of
a
microspheric
form
and
an
ax-
ial
section
of
a
macrospheric
form,
which
are
here
repro-
duced
in
Figure
30M-P.
Description
—
A-form:
not
mentioned
in
the
type
descrip-
tion,
apart
from
the
remark
that sometimes
the
first
cham-
ber
is
rather
large.
However,
a
figure
of
an
A-form
was
provided
by
Rutten
{in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915,
p.
60,
fig.
36),
on
which
the
following
description
is
based.
Test
lenticular
with
a
polar
depression
and
sharp
pe-
riphery,
diameter
cannot
be
measured,
thickness
2.1
mm;
D/T
unknown.
The
spire
consists
of
six
fairly
tightly
coiled
whorls.
In
axial
section,
the
spiral
sheet
extends
over
the
previous
whorl,
although
after
the
third
whorl,
the
spiral
sheet
does
not
reach
the
central
part
of
the
test.
Proloculus
0.25
mm
in
diameter.
B-form;
test
lenticular
to
flattened
lenticular,
with
a
distinct
polar
depression
and
sharp
periphery,
diameter
up
to
II
mm,
thickness
up
to
2.5
mm;
D/T
=
4.4.
Granulated
in
cen-
tre,
with
granules
aligned
along
straight,
radiating
(septal)
ridges
in
the
peripheral
part
of
the
test.
In
equatorial
sec-
tion,
very
uniformly
coiled,
with
chambers
2x
broader
than
high
to
equidimensional.
Septa
straight,
perpendicular.
Up
to
9
whorls
in
figured
specimens
and
11
whorls
in
the
writ-
ten
description.
Remarks
—
Apart
from
the
description
by
Rutten
(in
Wa-
terschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915),
little
is
known
about
this
species.
The
clear
umbilical
plug
is
not
seen
in
any
other
Indonesian
species
of
Planocamerinoides
and
it
might
well
be
a
dis-
tinct
species.
Some
of
the
specimens
described
by
Caudri
(1934)
match
the
description
of
this
species,
although
she
did
not
provide
any
illustrations
against
which
this
can
be
confirmed.
Caudri
(1934)
discussed
the
taxonomy
of
Indo-
nesian
assilinids,
and
concluded
that
the
specimens
from
Java
and
Sumba
probably
comprised
a
group
of
closely
similar
species.
The
main
characters
she
used
were:
test
shape
in
axial
section,
chamber
shape
and,
number
of
chambers
in
each
whorl.
Her
main
conclusion
was
that
none
of
the
specimens
studied
could
be
matched
with
Pl.
exponens
or
A.
granulosa
(=
A.
laxispira)
and
that
these
species
could
not
therefore
be
identified
in
the
Indonesian
specimens,
a
conclusion
supported
by
the
present
study.
In
1938,
de
Cizancourt
described
the
A-
and
B-form
pair
Assilina
umbilicata-A.
subumbilicata
from
the
Lower
Eocene
of
Afghanistan.
As
Schaub
(1981)
discussed.
Rut-
ten’s
species
name
has
priority
and
the
species
described
by
de
Cizancourt
(1938)
should
be
called
Pl.
subumbilicata
(de
Cizancourt,
1938).
It
has
many
features
in
common
with
Pl.
umbilicata,
is
notably
smaller
with
a
maximum
diameter
of
about
5.5
mm
in
the
microspheric
generation.
Planocamerinoides
umbilicata
falls
within
the
group
of
Pl.
reicheli
as
described
by
Schaub
(1981,
pp.
215-218),
which
is
characterised
by
a
spiral
sheet
which
extends
over
the
previous
whorl,
but
does
not
reach
the
centre
of
the
test.
None
of
the
species
in
this
group
figured
by
Schaub
(1981)
show
such
a
clear
umbilical
depression
as
seen
in
Pl.
um-
bilicata.
This
very
characteristic
test
shape
and
coiling
mode
is
the
main
reason
why
we
regard
this
species
to
be
valid,
without
having
seen
any
new
specimens.
Geographic
distribution
—
Indonesia:
Sulawesi
and
probably
Sumba.
Stratigraphic
range
—
In
Sulawesi,
this
species
co-occurs
with
P.
variolarius,
whilst
in
Sumba
it
was
found
in
asso-
ciation
with
P.
beaumonti
and
Pl.
orientalis
(see
Caudri,
1934),
suggesting
a
Middle
Eocene
age
(Tas,
late
Lutetian).
Stratigraphy
The
occurrence
of
a
certain
species
is
not
always
related
to
its
stratigraphic
range,
but
due
to
facies
control.
Although
contemporaneous,
it
is
remarkable
that
N.
djokdjokartae
Table
37.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
A-form
of
Planocamerinoides
umbillicata
(Rut-
ten
in
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht).
Table
38.
Whorl
number,
radius
and
number
of
chambers
per
whorl
in
the
B-form
of
Planocamerinoides
umbillicata
(Rutten
in
Water-
schoot
van
der
Gracht).
Whorl
1
2 3 4 5 6
Radius
(mm)
0.3
0.7
1.1
1.7
2.4
2.8
Whorl
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8
Radius
(mm)
0.4 0.6
1
1.4 2.1 2.7 3.2 4,1
Chambers
8 17
22 24
31
34
37 38

-61
-
and
N.
javanus
have
never
been
found
to
co-occur
in
any
given
sample.
A
range
chart
for
taxa
discussed
in
the
pre-
sent
study
is
shown
in
Figure
22
and
has
been
composed
from
the
co-occurrence
of
species
in
the
various
sections
as
shown
in
Figures
4
and
5.
Independent
age
determination
of
some
localities
using
calcareous
nannoplankton,
plank-
tonic
foraminifera,
dinoflagellates
and,
in
the
Oligocene,
stable
strontium
isotopes,
have been used
in
this
age
cali-
bration.
The
species
limits
in
Figure
22
reflect
current
knowledge
and
are
likely
to
change
as
more
data
become
available.
As
with
the
occurrence
of
studied
sequences
(Figure
5),
the
boundaries
are
chosen
to
coincide
with
the
boundaries
of
the
letter
stages,
as
units
of
faunal
stability.
The
interval
of
greatest
uncertainty
is
the
Ypresian
to
lower
Lutetian,
due
mainly
to
a
lack
of
sequences
containing
lar-
ger
foraminifera.
However,
modem
geological
models
(compare
Netherwood,
2000)
suggest
most
sedimentary
basins
in
southeast
Asia
did
not
come
into
existence
until
the
middle
Middle
Eocene
(middle
Lutetian),
which
means
that
lower
Lutetian
and
older
sections
may
not
be
present,
or
rare,
and
would
be
overlain
by
a
major
unconformity.
In
eastern
Indonesia/Papua
New
Guinea
where
there
are
older
Eocene
and
Paleocene
sedimentary
rocks,
but
they
are
in-
variably
in
deep
marine
facies
and
tend
to
lack
larger
fo-
raminifera.
Conclusions
1
-
Having
reviewed
available
records
of
Nummulites,
As-
silina
and
Ranikothalia
from
the
Indonesian
Archipelago,
including
the
sampling
and
analysis
of
several
additional
localities,
it
is
concluded
that
six
species
of
Nummulites,
seven
of
Palaeonummulites
and
three
of
Planocameri-
noides
are
valid.
These
are
redescribed
here
and
illustrated,
many
for
the
first
time;
2
-
Many
of
the
taxa
described
and
illustrated
herein
have
Figure
22.
Stratigraphic
ranges
of
the
species
of
the
genera
Nummulites,
Palaeonummulites
and
Planocamerinoides
in
Indonesia.

-62-
their
age
ranges
significantly
refined
through
the
integra-
tion
of
new
data
from
associated
planktonic
foraminifera,
calcareous
nannofossils,
dinoflagellates
and
Sr
isotopes
(Oligocene
only).
These
data have been
integrated
to
pro-
duce
a
revised
zonation
which
is
shown
in
Figure
22;
3
-
Far
fewer
Paleogene
nummulitids
are
known
from
the
Indonesian
Archipelago
than
from
the
western
Tethys.
Moreover,
unlike
the
western
Tethyan
region,
there
are
no
verifiable
records
of
nummulitids
older
than
Middle
Eo-
cene
in
the
Indonesian
Archipelago.
Published
records
of
Nummulites,
Assilina
and
Ranikothalia
suggested
that
70+
species
might
be
present.
After
reviewing
the
records,
we
conclude
that
only
sixteen
of
these
are
valid
and
we
have
tabulated
the
various
reinterpretations
of
the
‘original’
70
taxa
by
geographic
area
in
Tables
1-8;
4
-
Indonesian
Nummulites
and
Palaeonummulites
show
a
more
limited
range
of
morphological
variation
than
their
coeval
forms
from
the
western
Tethys.
For
example,
the
maximum
size
of
the
Middle
Eocene
Indonesian
forms
is
about
45
mm,
whilst
in
the
western
Tethys
some
species
attain
test
diameters
of
up
to
120
mm
(Schaub,
1981).
Tri-
partition
of
the
spire
and
reversals
in
the
direction
of
coil-
ing,
features
which
are
relatively
common
in
western
Tethyan
Middle
Eocene
species,
have
not
been
observed
in
the
material
studied.
Intercalatory
whorls
(common
in
Middle
Eocene
Tethyan
species)
were
only
rarely
observed
in
Indonesian
material,
being
noted
in
N.
djokdjokartae,
N.
martini
n.
sp.
and
N.
boninensis.
Likewise,
the
species
of
Planocamerinoides
recorded
from
the
region
show
far
lower
diversity
and
morphological
variation
than
their
western
Tethyan
counterparts;
5
-
Several
species
previously
described
as
Nummulites
are
reassigned
to
Palaeonummulites.
These
include
N.
beau-
monti,
N.
crasseomatus,
N.
pengaronensis
and
N.
vario-
larius.
Palaeonummulites
taballarensis
assigned
to
was
previously
Ranikothalia,
whilst
one
new
species
of
Pa-
laeonummulites
is
described.
The
first
record
of
Nummu-
lites
s.
str.
in
Indonesia
is
in
the
middle
Middle
Eocene,
equivalent
to
the
middle
Lutetian
Stage;
6
-
All
Indonesian
species
previously
assigned
to
Assilina,
for
which
material
and/or
illustrations
were
available,
are
reassigned
to
Planocamerinoides.
It
is
tentatively
con-
cluded
that
Assilina
s.
str.,
as
defined
in
Haynes
et
al.
(in
press)
is
not
present
in
the
Indonesian
Archipelago
and
is
therefore
restricted
to
the
Mediterranean,
Middle
East
and
Indian
subcontinent.
This
may
reflect
absence
of
strata
of
pre-middle
Middle
Eocene
age
in
the
region,
as
mentioned
above;
7
-
records
of
Ranikothalia,
especially
of
the
species
‘nut-
talli’
from
the
Indonesian
Archipelago
are
considered
sus-
pect
and
it
is
suggested
that
the
genus
is
not
in
fact
present
in
the
region;
previous
records
are
reassigned
to
Ranikothalia
Pa-
laeonummulites.
is
considered
to
be
restricted
to
the
Indian
subcontinent
and
the
Middle
East
(see
Haynes
et
al.,
in
press),
for
stratigraphic
rather
than
palaeo-
geographic
reasons.
Figure
23.
Localities
of
nummulitid-bearing
strata
in
Java;
numbers
are
explained
in
Appendix
1

-63-
Acknowledgements
Ulrike
Wielandt-Schuster
(Landesamt
fur
Geologie,
Rohstoffe
und
Bergbau
Baden-Wiirttemberg,
Freiburg)
and
Brian
Rosen
(The
Natural
History
Museum,
London)
commented
on
and
markedly
improved
earlier
versions
of
this
paper.
Martin
Langer
(Palaontologisches
Institut
der
Universitat
Bonn)
allowed
one
of
us
(WR)
to
study
the
Wanner
Collection,
including
the
original
specimens
of
Henrici,
at
the
Institut
ftir
Palaontologie,
Universitat
Bonn,
where
pictures
were
taken
by
Georg
Oleschinski.
Maaike
van
Tooren
is
thanked
for
allowing
access
to
the
Timor
collection
at
the
Geologisch
Museum
(Technische
Univer-
siteit
Delft),
while
Jan
Werner
(Geologisch
Museum,
Artis)
allowed
us
to
study
the
Doomink
specimens
housed
there.
Hubert
Vonhof
(Vrije
Universiteit,
Amsterdam)
assisted
in
interpretation
of
the
Sr
isotopes
values.
AR
thanks
the
BG
Group
for
permission
to
publish,
whilst
Dr
J.E.
Whittaker
and
R.L.
Hodgkinson
(both
The
Natural
History
Museum,
London)
are
thanked
for
provid-
ing
both
thin
sections
and
data
on
Van
der
Vlerk’s
material
from
Tabellar.
Dr
D.
Bayliss
is
thanked
for
his
comments
on
this
paper.
PL
is
grateful
to
Coparex
Banjumas
for
per-
mission
to
publish.

-64-

-65-
Verbeek,
1891
(with
the
exception
of
C
and
D,
all
specimens
in
collections
of
Institut
fur
Palaon-
tologie,
Universitat
Bonn);
A,
B
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Timor
(x
5);
C
-
equatorial
section
(split
section)
of
B-form,
Karang-
sambung
(Java)
(RGM
20119)
(x
5);
specimen
from
type
locality,
showing
typical
preservation
with
well-preserved
marginal
cord
and
very
thin
septa;
D
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Jetis
(Java)
(RGM
20118)
(x
5);
E
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Timor
(x
10);
F
-
axial
section
of
A-form,
Timor
(x
10).
Nummulites
javanus
Figure
26A-F.
(Martin,
1881);
D
-
equatorial
section
(split
specimen)
of
A-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3321
A)
(x
10);
E
-
external
view
of
A-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3332)
(x
10).
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
Nummulites
martini
n.
sp.;
A
-
external
view
of
B-form,
Kali
Bawang
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3339)
(x
5);
B
-
equatorial
section
(split
specimen)
of
A-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3325A)
(x
10);
C
-
external
view
of
A-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggu-
lan)
(RGM
3325B)
(x
10).
D,
E.
Figure
25A-C.
E
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3322B)
(x
5).
N.
djokdjokartae;
Nummulites
martini
n.
sp.;
C,
D
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3322A)
(C
x
5;
D
x
10);
note
the
rare
splitting
of
the
spiral
laminae;
if
split,
it
is
more
in
the
polar
region
than
in
N.
vredenburgi
by
Douville
(1912a);
I
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3320C)
(x5);
J
-
external
view
of
B-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
47196B)
(x
5).
C-E.
by
Douville
(1912a);
H
-
equatorial
section
of
juvenile
B-form,
Kali
Puru
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3334A)
(x
5);
this
speci-
men
was
labelled
vredenburgi
Nummulites
djokdjokartae
(Martin,
1
88
1);
A,
B
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Kali
Burn
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
47196A)
(A
x
5;
B
x
10);
note
the
abundant
splitting
of
the
spiral
laminae
very
near
to
the
equatorial
plane;
G
-
external
view
of
juvenile
B-
form,
Kali
Punt
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
3334B)
(x
5);
note
straight
peripheral
part
of
the
septal
filaments;
this
specimen
was
labelled
iV.
Figure
24A,
B,
G-J.

-66-

-67-
Hanzawa,
1947;
A
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
SungaiUlar,
SW
Sulawesi
(RGM
20117)
(x
5);
B
-
axial
section
of
A-form,
Timor
(Universiteit
Delft,
KA
903)
(x
10);
C
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Sungai
Ular,
SW
Sulawesi
(RGM
20116)
(x
5).
Nummulites
boninensis
Figure
27A-C.

-68-
Palaeonummulites
sp.;
F
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Timor
(Institut
fur
Palaontologie,
Universitat
Bonn)
(x
10);
G
-
axial
sec-
tion
of
B-form,
Timor
(same
collection)
(x
10).
F,
G.
(Verbeek,
1871
);
A
-
axial
section
of
A-form,
Timor
(Institut
fur
Palaontologie,
Uni-
versitat
Bonn)
(x
10);
B
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Temoe
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19108)(x
10);
C
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Temoe
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
109)
(x
10);
D,
E
-
equatorial
section
of
B-forms,
Timor
(Institut
fur
Palaontologie,
Uni-
versitat
Bonn)
(x
5).
Palaeonummulites
pengaronensis
Figure
28A-E.

-69-
Planocamerinoides
umbilicata
(Rutten
in
van
Waterschoot
van
der
Gracht,
1915);
L
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Sumba;
same
specimen
as
Caudri
(1934,
pi.
1,
fig.
2)
(x
5);
M-P
-
drawings
reproduced
from
type
description;
M
-
axial
section
B-form
(x
5),
N
-
external
view
of
B-form
(x
5),
O
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form
(x
5),
P
-
axial
section
of
A-form
(x
10).
as
Nummulites
(Assilina)
leymeriei
d’Archiac
&
Haime)
(x
10).
L-P.
Nummulites
(Assilina)
leymeriei
d’Archiac
&
Haime)
(x
10);
K
-
drawing
of
equatorial
section
of
A-form
(Verbeek
&
Fen-
nema,
1896,
fig.
92,
Nummulites
(Assilina)
spira
de
Roissy)
(x
5);
J
-
drawing
of
axial
section
of
A-form
(Verbeek
&
Fennema,
1896,
fig.
93,
as
Nummulites
(Assilina)
spira
de
Roissy)
(x
5);
I
-
drawing
of
equatorial
section
(Verbeek
&
Fennema,
1896,
fig.
87,
as
Planocamerinoides
sp.;
G
-
external
view
of
B-form,
Pengging
(Java),
RGM
20214
(x
5);
H
-
drawing
of
axial
section
(Verbeek
&
Fennema,
1896,
fig.
89,
as
Planocamerinoides
orientalis
(Douville,
1912b),
axial
section
of
A-form
(holotype),
Nias
(RGM
11879)
(x
5).
G-K.
Michelotti,
1841
;
D
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Sungai
Seilor
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19118A)
(x
5);
E
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Sungai
Seilor
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19118B)
(x
5).
F.
Nummulites
fichteli
Verbeek,
1871
;
A
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Seilor
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19056)
(x
10);
B
-
axial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Seilor
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19057)
(x
10);
C
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Sungai
Temoe
(Ka-
limantan)
(RGM
10949)
(x
5).
D,
E.
Nummulites
subbrongniarti
Figure
30A-C.
Palaeonummulites
variolarius
(Lamarck,
1804);
E
-
axial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Mangkalihat
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19124) (x
10);
F
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Mangkalihat
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19122)
(x
10);
G
-
split
specimen
of
A-form,
Sungai
Ular
(SW
Sulawesi)
(RGM
202015)
(x
10).
(d’Archiac
&
Haime,
1853);
A
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Timor
(Institut
fur
Palaon-
tologie,
Universitat
Bonn)
(x
5);
B
-
split
specimen
of
B-form,
Sungai
Mangkalihat
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19114)
(x
5);
C
-
exterior
view
of
B-form;
same
specimen
as
B
(x
5);
D
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
Sungai
Mangkalihat
(Kalimantan)
(RGM
19009)
(x
10);
note
the
pillars
that
stop
halfway
of
the
equatorial
plane
to
the
test
outside.
E-H.
Palaeonummulites
beaumonti
Figure
29A-D.

-70-

-71
-
(Caudri,
1934);
K
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Taballar,
Kalimantan
(RGM
19132)
(x
10);
L
-
axial
section
of
A-form,
Sungai
Taballar,
Kalimantan
(RGM
19139)(x
10);
M
-
equatorial
view
of
A-form,
Sungai
Taballar,
Kalimantan
(RGM
19141)
(x
10).
Palaeonummulites
taballarensis
Palaeonummulites
songoensis
n.
sp.;
C
-
axial
section
of
B-form,
05743-2
(Geologisch
Museum
Artis,
Amsterdam)
(x
5);
D
-
equatorial
section
(split
specimen)
of
B-form,
Kali
Songo
(Nanggulan)
(holotype,
RGM
202000)
(x
5);
E
-
external
view
of
B-form,
Kali
Songo
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
202005)
(x
5);
F
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Kali
Semah
(Nanggulan),
05743-1
(Geologisch
Mu-
seum
Artis,
Amsterdam)
(x
10);
G
-
external
view
of
A-form,
Kali
Songo
(Nanggulan)
(RGM
202006)
(x
10).
K-M.
(Henrici,
1934);
A
-
equatorial
section
of
B-form,
Miomaffo
(Timor)
(RGM
202012)
(x
5);
B
-
external
view
of
B-form,
Miomaffo
(Timor)
(RGM
202013)
(x
5);
H
-
equatorial
section
of
A-form,
Miomaffo
(Timor)
(RGM
202014)
(x
10);
I
-
axial
thin
section
of
A-form
(x
10),
Jati
Bungkus,
Karangsambung
(Java)
-
specimen
in
P.
Lunt
Colin;
J
-
external
view
of
A-form,
Miomaffo
(Timor)
(RGM
202011)
(x
10).
C-G.
Palaeonummulites
crasseornatus
Figure
31A,
B, H-J.

-72-
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J.M.
1915.
Bijdrage
tot
de
geologie
van
Centraal-Celebes.
Jaarboek
van
het
Mijnwezen
in
Neder-
landsch
Oost-Indie
43,
16-73.
Wilson,
M.E.J.
1995.
The
Tonasa
Limestone
formation,
Su-
lawesi,
Indonesia:
development
of
a
Tertiary
carbonate
plat-
form,
560
pp.
London
(Royal
Holloway
University)
[un-
paid.].
Yabe,
H.
1921,
Notes
on
some
Eocene
foraminifera.
Science
Reports
of
the
Tohoku
Imperial
University
(2)5,
97-108.

-76-
Appendix
1
On
the
1ocation
of
Nummulites
bearing
sediments
in
Java
Many
of
the
classic
works
on
the
geology
and
palaeontology
of
Java
refer
to
locations
that
are
now
hard
to
find.
Spellings
are
variable,
and
there
are
few
good
maps.
Also
the
original
geological
maps
of
Java
were
marked
in
degrees
of
longitude
from
a
Batavia
datum,
to
which
106°
48'
27.79'
E
(or
106.8077194°E)
has
to
be
added
to
convert
to
degrees
east
of
the
Greenwich
meridian.
Although
it
is
not
acceptable
to
change
the
spelling
of
proper
names
of
defined
objects,
such
as
species,
it
is
permitted
and
necessary
to
transliterate
the
names
of
locations
to
modem
usage,
as
modern
names
are
consistently
spelt
and
are
used
on
modem
maps.
In
the
past,
places
names
such
as
"Yogyakarta"
have
had
considerable
and
confusing
variations
in
spelling
(Djogjakarta,
Djocjakarta,
Jogjakarta,
Djokja,
Jogja,
found
in
geological
papers).
Some
recurring
root
words:
Batu
(Indonesian)
=
Watu
(Javanese)
=
rock
or
stone
Gamping
(Javanese)
=
limestone,
flat
limestone
rather
than
Karang
(ridges)
Gunung
=
mountain
or
hill
Kali
=
(Javanese)
river
or
stream
(Central
and
East
Java)
Kapur
(Indon.)
=
limestone
[batu
kapur]
Karang
(Indon.)
=
a
cliff
or
small
ridge,
or
reef
as
in
ridges
of
hard
stone
along
a
beach,
(rather
than
a
biohermal
bio-
logical
community)
Ci
(Tji)
(Sundanese)
as
prefix
=
river
or
stream
in
(West
and
west
Central
Java),
hence
Cijengkol
(previously
Tji
Djengkol).
Geography
and
names
In
general,
in
the
province
of
West
Java Sundanese
names
have been
used,
while
in
the
provinces
of
Central
and
East
Java
Javanese
names
have been
used.
region
locality
GPS
locality
synonyms
remarks
age
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cisiih
E
106.217403
Valley
adjacent
to
(east
of)
the
Cihara
yielding
mid
Ta
S
06.830558
Eocene
fossils
1
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cimanggu
E
106.115903
See
also
Tan
Sin
Hok's
1932
monograph,
on
Tc
S
06.864117
Cyclo-
clypeus
&
Heterostegina.
2
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cijengkol
E
106.
16965
Tji
Djengkol
Western
Cijengkol
Tc
S
06.86633
3
Bayah
(Bantam)
Ciapus
E
106.216637
probably
Tji
Nong-
Also
part
of
the
western
Cijengkol
area,
along
with
Tc,Td
S
06.8821152
nang
and
Tji
Su-
lowerCihara
[E
106.1311,
S
6.8488]
and
other
karama
of
Doomink
locations.
See
also
Tan
Sin
Hok's
1932
monograph,
Cycloclypeus
&
Heterostesina.
4
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cihaur/
Cipager
E
106,1453
Tji
Pager
Ta
tributary
S
06.7884
5
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cimuncang
E
106.184543
Tjimoentjang
A
tributary
of
the
Cihara,
important
as
yielding
the
Ta
S
06.803252
location
where
“Assilina”
(Planocamerinoides)
was
recorded,
indicating
a
Ta
age
6
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cicarucup
E
106.340792
Tjitjaroetjoep
includes
Citukangkarang
[Tji
Tjukang
Karang]
Ta
S
06.820144
previously
considered
Late
Eocene,
with
N.
djokdjo-
kartae.
7
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cijengkol-
E
106.3452023 Tjidikit-leutik
eastern
limit
of
Cijengkol
formation,
with
Tc
Cihideung
S
06.9040947
N.
fich-
teli-intermedius
at
the
Cihideung
section
8
|
Ciletuh
(SW
|
Ciletuh
|
E
106.4622620
|
Tjileteuh
Bay,
Tji-
|
Main
Nummulites
location
is at
Cikaramat,
but
also
Ta
Priangan)
S
07.22573046
karamat,
and
Tjiboe-
in
Cibulakan
[106.4298418,07.23836033],
and
lakan
traces
in
conglomerate
boulders
at
Cikepuh
9
Cimandiri
(W.
Cikalong
E
106.69396
Tji
Kalong,
Ci-
Exact
location
of
Nummulites
not
known.
Tc
Priangan)
S
07.030784
mandiri
10
Cibadak-
Batu
Asih
E
106.790517
Related
outcrops
with
Nummulites
extend
as
far
as
Tc
Bandung
ridge
S
06.9144079
12kms
ESE
at
Cipeundeui
(c.
E
106.88317,
S
11
Cibadak-
Cikosan
c.
E
107.32
west
of
Tji
Tarum
/
Tc
Bandung
ridge
c.
S
06.8716
Citarum
12
Cibadak-
Cibogo
E
107.43473
reworked
into
Miocene
limestone
Tc
Bandung
ridge
S
06.84456
13
I
N.
Central
Java
I
Pemali
Beds.
I
E
108.877571
N.
diokdiokartae
reworked
into
Pliocene
Pemali
Ta
reeion
locality
GPS
locality
synonyms
remarks
aee
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cisiih
E
106,217403
S
06.830558
Valley
adjacent
to
(east
of)
the
Cihara
yielding
mid
Eocene
fossils
Ta
1
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cimanggu
E
106.115903
S
06.864117
See
also
Tan
Sin
Hok's
1932
monograph,
on
Cyclo-
clxoeus
&
Heterostegina.
Tc
2
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cijengkol
E
106.
16965
S
06.86633
Tji
Djengkol
Western
Cijengkol
Tc
3
Bayah
(Bantam)
Ciapus
E
106.216637
S
06.8821152
probably
Tji
Nong-
nang
and
Tji
Su-
karama
of
Doomink
(1932)
Also
part
of
the
western
Cijengkol
area,
along
with
lower
Cihara
[E
106.1311,
S
6.8488]
and
other
locations.
See
also
Tan
Sin
Hok's
1932
monograph,
on
Cvclochoeus
&
Heterosteeina.
Tc,Td
4
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cihaur/
Cipager
tributary
E
106.1453
S
06.7884
Tji
Pager
Ta
5
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cimuncang
E
106.184543
S
06.803252
Tjimoentjang
A
tributary
of
the
Cihara,
important
as
yielding
the
location
where
"Assilina"
(Planocamerinoides
)
was
recorded,
indicating
a
Ta
age
Ta
6
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cicarucup
E
106.340792
S
06.820144
Tjitjaroetjoep
includes
Citukangkarang
[Tji
Tjukang
Karang]
previously
considered
Late
Eocene,
with
N.
djokdjo-
karlae.
Ta
7
Bayah
(Bantam)
Cijengkol-
Cihideung
E
106.3452023
S
06.9040947
Tjidikit-leutik
eastern
limit
of
Cijengkol
formation,
with
N.
fich-
teli-intermedius
at
the
Cihideune
section
Tc
8
Ciletuh
(SW
Priangan)
Ciletuh
E
106.4622620
S
07.22573046
Tjileteuh
Bay,
Tji-
karamat,
and
Tjiboe-
lakan
Main
Nummulites
location
is at
Cikaramat,
but
also
in
Cibulakan
[106.4298418,
07.23836033],
and
traces
in
conglomerate
boulders
at
Cikepuh
1106.385806,7.24161391
Ta
9
Cimandiri
(W.
Priansan)
Cikalong
E
106.69396
S
07.030784
Tji
Kalong,
Ci-
mandiri
Exact
location
of
Nummulites
not
known.
Tc
10
Cibadak-
Bandung
ridge
Batu
Asih
E
106.790517
S
06.9144079
Related
outcrops
with
Nummulites
extend
as
far
as
12kms
ESE
at
Cipeundeui
(c.
E
106.88317,
S
06.9541).
Tc
11
Cibadak-
Banduna
ridee
Cikosan
c.
E
107.32
c,
S
06.8716
west
of
Tji
Tarum
/
Citarura
Tc
12
Cibadak-
Bandune
ridee
Cibogo
E
107.43473
S
06.84456
reworked
into
Miocene
limestone
Tc
13
N.
Central
Java
Pemali
Beds.
E
108.877571
N.
diokdiokartae
reworked
into
Pliocene
Pemali
Ta

-77-
type
location
S
07.021350
Beds
14
N
Serayu
moun-
SigugurLst
E
109.5302
in
places
as
old
as
Td
with
Nummulites.
(Td-Te)
Td
tains
|S
07.174711
15
N
Serayu
moun-
Sigugur
Eocene
E
109.53969
mudstone
yielding
boulders
of
Eocene
Nummulites
Ta
tains
S
07.1862304
related
to
Kali
Bongbong,
Kali
Bodas
and
Worawari
(Bagelen
Beds).
16
N
Serayu
moun-
Kali
Bongbong
N
109.6613678
possibly
Kali
Betting
related
to
Worowari
Bagelen
Beds
Ta
tains
S
07.251677
17
N
Serayu
moun-
Kali
Bodas
N
109.74652
related
to
Worowari
Bagelen
Beds
Ta
tains
S
07.30946
18
N
Serayu
moun-
Worowari
N
109.795824
Bagelen
type
location
of
the
Bagelen
Beds
and
Ta
tains
S
07.356925
Nummulites
bagelensis.
Red
-
green,
ferric-ferrous
scaly
clay
with
deep
marine,
Cyclammina
,.
Ammodiscus,
Glo-
mospira
faunas.
Sparse
calcareous
fossils
have
dated
the
host
mudstone
as
Early
Oligocene,
but
with
numerous
small
to
very
large
boulders
of
Eocene
and
basement
lithologies.
19
N.
Lukulo
[Loh
Kali Gua
E
109.7746592
Related
to
Worowari
Bagelen
Beds.
Sample
in
Ta
Uloh,
Loh
Oelo]
S
07.46626176
block/boulder
suspended
in
scaly
clay
dated
as
Early
Oligocene.
S.
Lukulo Kali
Gorang
E
109.593236
Kali
Soeroean
Obscure
location
only
shown
on
maps
of
Verbeek
&
S
07.528869
Fennema.
Important
location
in
type
descriptions
of
some
forms
of
N.
iavanus
-bagelensis.
20
Karangsambung,
Karangsambung
E
109.671201
LIPI
Fieldstation,
above
N.
javanus
limestone,
next
Ta
S.
Lukulo
S
07.545968
to
road
21
Karangsambung,
Jatibungkus
E
109.685897
see
remarks
on
P.
crasseornatus
Ta
S.
Lukulo
S
07569221
22
Nanggulan
Kali
Santen
E
110.20118
Kali
Anten
Ta
S
07.72676
23
Nanggulan
Kali
Watu
Puru,
E
110.
1969316
in
the
lowest
part
also
called
Kali
Semah
Ta
S
07.732182
24
Nanggulan
Kali
Songo
E
110.200102
Songgo
one
of
the
main
stream
sections
in
the
centre
of
Ta
S
07.36438
Nanggulan
25
Nanggulan
Kali
Kunir
E
110.188324
stream
section
in
a
western
tributary
of
Kali
Songo
Ta
S
07.739183
26
Nanggulan
Kali
Seputih
&
E
110.18903
Ta
‘Kali
Semah’
S
07.7414368
27
Nanggulan
Niten
E
110.196778
reworked
into
basal
Sentolo
fin
Tb
S
07.78238
Nanggulan
Kali
Balong
E
110.19600
upper part
of
the
Kali
Kotes
Ta
S
07.72767
Nanggulan
Kali
Kotes
E
110.200926
Kali
Kottes
Ta
S
07.728514
28
WestofYogya
Gunung
Gamp-
E
110.6727812
G.
Gamping,
Djokja
apparently
lost
due
to
complete
use
of
limestone
for Tb
ing
S
07.7752116
in
Doomink
(1932)
building.
Reefal
limestone
locally
rich
in
Pella-
lisoira.
Not
related
to
Gamping
Beds.
29
Jiwo
Hills
Gunung
Wung-
E
110.6206963
Woengkal
small
quarry,
fallen
into
disuse.
Type
location
of
Ta
kal
S
07.768430
Wungkal
Beds.
30
Jiwo
Hills
Gunung
Cakaran
E
110.6225534
Ta
S
07.772625
31
Jiwo
Hills
Watu
Perahu
E
110.6695416
Gunung
Jokotuwa-
Ta
S
07.767167
Tegalsari
32
Jiwo
Hills
Pendul
&
Pada-
E
110.669578
G.
Pendoel
Ta
san
sections
S
07.7719238
32
Jiwo
Hills
Padasan
E
110.662731
small
outcrop,
almost
as
western
extension
of
Warn
Ta
S
07.769231
Perahu section
33
Jiwo
Hills
Gamping
E
110.6727812
Kampung
Gamping
Type
location
of
the
Gamping
Beds,
previously
Ta
S
07.7752116
Ketiil
considered
Late
Eocene.
Jiwo
Hills
Kali
Dowo
E
110.663025
small
location
just
Wof
G.
Pendul.
Gunung
Ko-
Ta
S
07.774994
nang,
given
as
the
first
named
location
for
type
localities
of
N.
javanus
forms
is
the
hill
(of
base-
ment
lithologies)
just
west
of
Kali
Dowo.
Jiwo
Hills
Gunung
Jabalkat
E
110.63062
Ta
S
07.782070
34
Sangiran
E
110.83730
At
the
centre
of
this
uplift
are
/
were
boulders
of
S
07.455967
limestone
with
Nummulites,
Pellatispira
and
Bi-
planispira.
but
these
are
now
reduced
to
rubble
by
tvoe
location
S
07.021350
Beds
14
N
Serayu
moun-
tains
Sigugur
Lst
E
109.5302
S
07.174711
in
places
as
old
as
Td
with
Nummulites.
(Td-Te)
Td
15
N
Serayu
moun-
tains
Sigugur
Eocene
E
109.53969
S
07.1862304
mudstone
yielding
boulders
of
Eocene
Nummulites
related
to
Kali
Bongbong,
Kali
Bodas
and
Worawari
(Bagelen
Beds).
Ta
16
N
Serayu
moun-
tains
Kali
Bongbong
N
109.6613678
S
07.251677
possibly
Kali
Betting
related
to
Worowari
Bagelen
Beds
Ta
17
N
Serayu
moun-
tains
Kali
Bodas
N
109.74652
S
07.30946
related
to
Worowari
Bagelen
Beds
Ta
18
N
Serayu
moun-
tains
Worowari
N
109.795824
S
07.356925
Bagelen
type
location
of
the
Bagelen
Beds
and
Nummulites
bagelensis.
Red
-
green,
ferric-ferrous
scaly
clay
with
deep
marine,
Cyclammina
,
Ammodiscus
,
Glo-
mospira
faunas.
Sparse
calcareous
fossils
have
dated
the
host
mudstone
as
Early
Oligocene,
but
with
numerous
small
to
very
large
boulders
of
Eocene
and
basement
lithologies.
Ta
19
N.
Lukulo
[Loh
Uloh,
Loh
Oelo]
Kali
Gua
E
109.7746592
S
07.46626176
Related
to
Worowari
Bagelen
Beds.
Sample
in
block/boulder
suspended
in
scaly
clay
dated
as
Early
Oligocene.
Ta
S.
Lukulo
Kali
Gorang
E
109.593236
S
07.528869
Kali
Soeroean
Obscure
location
only
shown
on
maps
of
Verbeek
&
Fennema.
Important
location
in
type
descriptions
of
some
forms
of
N.
iavanus
-baselensis.
20
Karangsambung,
S.
Lukulo
Karangsambung
E
109.671201
S
07.545968
LIPI
Fieldstation,
above
N.
javanus
limestone,
next
to
road
Ta
21
Karangsambung,
S.
Lukulo
Jatibungkus
E
109.685897
S
07569221
see
remarks
on
P.
crasseomatus
Ta
22
Nanggulan
Kali
Santen
E
110.20118
S
07.72676
Kali
Anten
Ta
23
Nanggulan
Kali
Watu
Puru,
E110.1969316
S
07.732182
in
the
lowest
part
also
called
Kali
Semah
Ta
24
Nanggulan
Kali
Songo
E
110.200102
S
07.36438
Songgo
one
of
the
main
stream
sections
in
the
centre
of
Nanggulan
Ta
25
Nanggulan
Kali
Kunir
E
110.188324
S
07.739183
stream
section
in
a
western
tributary
of
Kali
Songo
Ta
26
Nanggulan
Kali
Seputih
&
‘Kali
Semah’
E
110.18903
S
07.7414368
Ta
27
Nanggulan
Niten
E
110.196778
S
07.78238
reworked
into
basal
Sentolo
fin
Tb
Nanggulan
Kali
B
along
E
110.19600
S
07.72767
upper part
of
the
Kali
Kotes
Ta
Nanggulan
Kali
Kotes
E
110.200926
S
07.728514
Kali
Kottes
Ta
28
West
of
Yogya
Gunung
Gamp-
ing
E
110.6727812
S
07.7752116
G.
Gamping,
Djokja
in
Doomink
(1932)
apparently
lost
due
to
complete
use
of
limestone
for
building.
Reefal
limestone
locally
rich
in
Pella-
lispira.
Not
related
to
Gamning
Beds.
Tb
29
Jiwo
Hills
Gunung
Wung-
kal
E
110.6206963
S
07.768430
Woengkal
small
quarry,
fallen
into
disuse.
Type
location
of
Wungkal
Beds.
Ta
30
Jiwo
Hills
Gunung
Cakaran
E
110.6225534
S
07.772625
Ta
31
Jiwo
Hills
Watu
Perahu
E
110.6695416
S
07.767167
Gunung
Jokotuwa-
Tegalsari
Ta
32
Jiwo
Hills
Pendul
&
Pada-
san
sections
E
110.669578
S
07,7719238
G.
Pendoel
Ta
32
Jiwo
Hills
Padasan
E
110.662731
S
07.769231
small
outcrop,
almost
as
western
extension
of
Warn
Perahu section
Ta
33
Jiwo
Hills
Gamping
E
110.6727812
S
07.7752116
Kampung
Gamping
Ketiil
Type
location
of
the
Gamping
Beds,
previously
considered
Late
Eocene.
Ta
Jiwo
Hills
Kali
Dowo
E
110.663025
S
07.774994
small
location
just
W
of
G.
Pendul.
Gunung
Ko-
nang,
given
as
the
first
named
location
for
type
localities
of
N.
javanus
forms
is
the
hill
(of
base-
ment
lithologies)
iust
west
of
Kali
Dowo.
Ta
Jiwo
Hills
Gunung
Jabalkat
E
110.63062
S
07.782070
Ta
34
Sangiran
E
110,83730
S
07.455967
At
the
centre
of
this
uplift
are
/
were
boulders
of
limestone
with
Nummulites,
Pellatispira
and
Bi-
olanisnira.
but
these
are
now
reduced
to
rubble
bv

-78-
over-enthusiastic collectors.
May
be
genetically
related
to
Bagelen
Beds,
with
limestone
boulders
suspended
in
scaly
clay.
35
Pelang
E
110.75076
unpublished,
Td
with
common
N.fichteli
Td
S
07.194626
36
Lutut
E
110.15888
N.
fichteli-intermedius
commonly
reworked
into
Tc
S
07.12198
Early
Miocene
Lutut
beds
37
Kujung
N
112.181531
an
old
Dutch
bore
with
reported
Td
Nummulites.
Td
S
06.961767
Recent
field
work
within
a
few
kilometres
of
the
suspected
location
has
found
Nummulites
(Td)
on
the
surface
over-enthusiastic collectors.
May
be
genetically
related
to
Bagelen
Beds,
with
limestone
boulders
suspended
in
scalv
clav.
35
Pelang
E
110.75076
S
07.194626
unpublished,
Td
with
common
N.
fichteli
Td
36
Lutut
E
110.15888
S
07.12198
N.
fichteli-intermedius
commonly
reworked
into
Early
Miocene
Lutut
beds
Tc
37
Kujung
N
112.181531
S
06.961767
an
old
Dutch
bore
with
reported
Td
Nummulites.
Recent
field
work
within
a
few
kilometres
of
the
suspected
location
has
found
Nummulites
(Td)
on
the
surface
Td