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Contribution to the study of fimicolous fungi. XXVII. A new Chaetomidium from Italy with a cephalothecoid peridium
Abstract
A new species of Chaetomidium with a cephalothecoid peridium, obtained in culture on bovine dung in Italy, is described and illustrated. A dichotomous key to the Chaetomidium species with cephalothecoid peridia is provided.
... The peridium wall of fossil-species Adendorfia miocenica is similar to the extant Chaetomidium leptoderma (Booth) Greif et Currah. For the genera Chaetomidium and Chaetomium hairs covering ascomata are also typical (Doveri et al. 1998;Stchigel et al. 2004;Greif et al. 2009;Doveri 2013). Fragments of these hairs are preserved with remains of A. miocenica typically showing a characteristic verrucose ornamentation of the cell walls. ...
Some fragments of cephalothecoid fructifications (peridia) were encountered during palynological investigations of Neogene deposits in Mizerna-Nowa/Poland and Adendorf/Germany. Isolated plates of cephalothecoid ascoma which shape and cellular structure similar to the extant members of the family Cephalothecaceae were described as Cephalothecoideomyces neogenicus fossil gen. et sp. nov. while remnants of fungal sporocarps with cephalothecoid wall with indistinct lines of dehiscence, similar in structure to peridia with cephalothecoid morphology of extant representatives the family Chaetomiaceae (mainly genus Chaetomidium) were assigned to Adendorfiella miocenica fossil gen. et sp. nov. We propose the new interpretation of some previously described fossil fungal taxa now considered as remnants of cephalothecoid ascomata. We suppose that both Cephalothecoideomyces neogenicus and Adendorfiella miocenica were probably saprophytic possibly on decaying wood or other plant remains.
... The peridium wall of fossil-species Adendorfia miocenica is similar to the extant Chaetomidium leptoderma (Booth) Greif et Currah. For the genera Chaetomidium and Chaetomium hairs covering ascomata are also typical (Doveri et al. 1998;Stchigel et al. 2004;Greif et al. 2009;Doveri 2013). Fragments of these hairs are preserved with remains of A. miocenica typically showing a characteristic verrucose ornamentation of the cell walls. ...
Fragments of cephalothecoid fructifications (peridia) were encountered during palynological
investigations of Neogene deposits in Mizerna-Nowa/Poland and Adendorf/Germany.
Isolated plates of cephalothecoid ascoma in shape and cellular structure similar to the extant
members of the family Cephalothecaceae are described as Cephalothecoidomyces neogenicus
fossil gen. et sp. nov. while remnants of fungal sporocarps with cephalothecoid walls
with indistinct lines of dehiscence, similar in structure to peridia with cephalothecoid morphology
of extant representatives the family Chaetomiaceae (mainly genus Chaetomidium)
are assigned to Adendorfia miocenica fossil gen. et sp. nov. We also propose a new interpretation
of some previously described fossil fungal taxa that we consider to be remnants of
cephalothecoid ascomata.
... were later published, C. galaicum Stchigel & Guarro and C. triangulare Stchigel & Guarro, isolated from granite rock and soil. The former is similar to C. khodense Cano et al. (1993) and to C. megasporum Doveri et al. (1998a) on account of its cephalothecoid peridium and ellipsoidfusiform ascospores, but differs from C. khodense in having less hairy ascomata and longer ascospores (14-19 × 5-7 µm vs. 11-13 × 6.5-7 µm, Stchigel et al. 2004), from C. megasporum in having smooth hairs and smaller ascospores (19-21.5 × 11-13 µm in C. megasporum); C. triangulare belongs to the group lacking a cephalothecoid peridium and can be easily distinguished from all the others by its glabrous ascomata and triangular ascospores. ...
... Chephalothecoid peridia are considered to be an adaptation for cleistothecial fungi to liberate the ascospores (Greif & Currah 2007). Doveri et al. (1998) provided a dichotomous key for the identification of four species of the genus with cephalothecoid peridia (C. cephalothecoides, C arxii, C. megasporum and C. khodense). ...
Chaetomidium arxii was recovered from dead, overwintering adults of Eurygaster integriceps in northern Iran. The species was identified based on morphological characteristics as well as sequence data from LSU and ITS-rDNA regions. This is first report on the occurrence of C. arxii on sunn pest and a new record of C. arxii for Iran. The fungus is fully illustrated and described.
... Ascospores. Scale bars: 6 = 100 m, 7 10 = 20 m.Notes: The morphologically closest species to C. galaicum are C. khodenseCano, Guarro & El Shafie (1993) and C. megasporumDoveri, Guarro, Cacialli & Caroti (1998). All have a cephalothecoid peridium and ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores. ...
Two new species of Chaetomidium, C. galaicum isolated from a granite rock sample collected in Galicia (Spain), and C. triangulare isolated from a soil sample collected on Salta province (Argentina), are described and illustrated. The former species has a cephalothecoid ascomatal wall with flexuous hairs, subglobose to broadly fusiform asci, and large fusiform ascospores, with a terminal germ pore. Chaetomidium triangulare is characterised by non-cephalothecoid, glabrous ascomata, clavate asci and triangular ascospores in upper view, with a terminal germ pore surrounded by a dark area. A key for the accepted species of Chaetomidium is provided. Taxonomic novelties: Chaetomidium galaicum Stchigel & Guarro sp. nov., Chaetomidium triangulare Stchigel & Guarro sp. nov.
... that are devoid of distinct hairs or seta-like ornamentation, dark chocolate brown ascospores and a thick-walled textura intricata ascomatal wall (Dreyfuss 1976, Cannon 1986, Rodriguez et al. 2004). Subramaniula also lacking seta-like ornamentation can be differentiated by its thin-walled ascomata of textura epidermoidea cells and a wide ostiole surrounded by a collar of thin-walled hyaline cells (Cannon 1986, von Arx et al. 1988), while Chaetomidium is differentiated by its nonostiolate globose ascomata and being evenly hairy (von Arx et al. 1988, Doveri et al. 1998). According to Greif et al. (2009) a Fig. 2 ...
In our studies to document the diversity and distribution of coprophilous ascomycetes in Kenya, we collected several species in Chaetomium. This genus, comprises a large group of saprobic ascomycetes growing on dung and other cellulose-rich substrates. In the present study we collected wild animal dung from different ecosystems in Kenya. The dung substrate was laboratory cultured using a moist chamber method. Five taxa, Chaetomium convolutum, C. globosum, C. muelleri, C. seminis-citrulli a new record and Chaetomium sp., probably a novel species, are examined, described and illustrated. Chaetomium convolutum and C. globosum are the most common taxa in the dung studied. Chaetomium seems to have a preference of growing on browser animal dung. Introduction Chaetomium Kunze belongs to the family Chaetomiaceae G. Winter (www.indefungorum.org/Names/Names.aspOc tober 2012). Species of this genus are very homogenous making intra-species differentiation very difficult. Chaetomium species grow on a variety of substrates such as plant remains, decomposing textiles, seeds, dried spices and sugar cane, with many species preferring materials with high cellulose content (von Arx et al. 1986, Doveri 2004, 2008, Bell 2005, Abdullah & Saleh 2010). The genus is characterized by superficial perithecioid, rarely cleistothecioid, ostiolate dark ascomata, usually adorning flexuous, spirally coiled or uncinate, rigid, straight or slightly curved setae and warted or verruculose, rarely smooth, wavy branched hairs over the entire ascoma and connected to the substrate by rhizoidal hyphae. Species of this genus have a relatively wide ostiolar pole whose apex is lined with periphyses and completely covered by terminal hairs making it almost obscure (von Arx et al. 1986, Doveri 2004, 2008, Bell 2005). The relatively ephemeral asci develop in basal fascicles and are stalked, clavate, fusiform, obovate or narrow with a somewhat thin unitunicate evanescent wall. The ascospores are single-celled, pigmented, pale when young, brown or grey olivaceous at
... higel & Guarro, C. khodense Cano, Guarro & El Shafie, C. megasporum Doveri, Guarro, Cacialli & Caroti (Stchigel et al. 2004) and C. leptoderma (Booth) Greif & Currah (Greif & Currah 2007) have cephalothecoid peridia. Chephalothecoid peridia are considered to be an adaptation for cleistothecial fungi to liberate the ascospores (Greif & Currah 2007). Doveri et al. (1998) provided a dichotomous key for the identification of four species of the genus with cephalothecoid peridia (C. cephalothecoides , C arxii, C. megasporum and C. khodense). Stchigel et al. (2004) provided a key for the identification of 11 accepted morphospecies of Chetomidium. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Chaetomidium, however, ha ...
Data on anatomical, morphological, ecological features, and distribution of 10 species of Sporormiella (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) of Ukraine are presented. Three species of Sporormiella (S. australis (Speg.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain, S. minima (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain, S.vexans (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain) were not previously described for the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The detailed description of all the species, synonyms, substrates, and localities in Ukraine and world distribution are also provided as well as the identification key.
Abstract: Elephant dung, when compared with other dungs from mammalian herbivores, was regarded as
an ideal substrate for cellulolytic fungi. One sample of Indian elephant dung, examined for detecting coprophilous ascomycetes, was found to have developed three different Cercophora species. Cercophora elephantina, Cercophora sp. of the complex-sordarioides, and a new species, C. cephalothecoidea, were classified based on morphological characteristics. C. elephantina was described in detail and compared with species having the so called “pseudobombardioid” peridium. Cercophora sp. and C. cephalothecoideawere described, compared and placed in keys with species having a membraneous or carbonaceous peridium, respectively. Bombardia mutabilis and B. rostratawere recombined in Cercophora. Following recent phylogenetic analyses, the morphological and physiological features of family Lasiosphaeriaceae, Cercophora and related genera were re-examined and discussed.
Keywords: cellulases, coprophilous fungi, exoperidium, morphological study, phylogenetic studies, Sordariales.
Twenty-one species of Chaetomium known from Iran were compared on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. Six new species are recognized, five isolated from cereals and one from nematode cysts. A combined sequence dataset of the ITS region, partial LSU rDNA, and β-tubulin gene sufficiently resolved five species groups of Chaetomium that are largely concordant with combined features of peridium structure, ascospore shape and germ pore position. Among the new species C. undulatulum is a close relative of C. globosum, C. rectangulare is close to C. elatum, C. interruptum and C. grande are close to C. megalocarpum, altogether forming the C. globosum species group. Chaetomium iranianum and C. truncatulum are members of the C. carinthiacum species group, characterized by spirally coiled ascomatal hairs and fusiform ascospores. A chrysosporium-like anamorph is newly described for C. acropullum.
Four new species of Ascomycetes are described and discussed: Chaetomium deceptivum, isolated from wood-rat dung, Thielavia californica, from an old rug, and T. cephalothecoides, from mouse dung, are members of the Chaetomiaceae. Lasiobolidium orbiculoides, from deer dung, is a member of the Eoterfeziaceae and is only the second species of this genus to be described. Pleuroascus nicholsonii Massee & Salmon, isolated from wood-rat dung, previously known only from the original 1901 report from England, also is characterized and discussed.