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PERS
OONIA
Published
by
Rijksherbarium/Hortus
Botanicus,
Leiden
Volume
16,
Part
4,
pp.
537-540
(1998)
First
report
of
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
in
Europe
C.B.
Uljé
A.
Gennari
F.
Doveri
G.
Cacialli
&
V.
Caroti
The
first
record
of
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
Van
De
Bogart
in
Europe
is
described.
A
study
of
the
type
and
that
of
Coprinus
roseistipitatus
Van
De
Bogart
revealed
that
both
are
conspecific,
and
accordingly
the
latter
name
is
considered
synonymous.
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
Van
De
Bogart
—
Fig.
1
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
Van
De
Bogart,
Mycotaxon
4
(1976)
245.
Coprinus roseistipitatus
Van
De
Bogart,
Mycotaxon
4
(1976)
262.
Pileus
up
to
20
x
14
mm
when
still
closed,
20-50
mm
when
expanded,
ellipsoid-
ovoid
at
first,
later
campanulate,
finally
applanate
or
even
revolute
at
deliquescence.
Cap
cuticle
whitish
at
first,
soon
with
a
brown
or
dark
grey-brown
disc,
then
cream-hazelnut
coloured,
progressively
greying,
pronouncedly
grooved
up
to
the
centre,
covered
with
a
fibrous-woolly,
whitish
veil,
which
appears
more
crowded
at
the
centre,
split
up
toward
the
periphery
in
small
upturned
browning
scales.
Lamellae
fully
deliquescent,
ascending,
free,
narrow,
very
crowded,
2-5
mm
high,
white
at
first,
then
grey
and
finally
blackish,
with
a
lighter,
whitish
but
turning
to
pink,
scurfy
edge.
Stipe
20-80
x
3-5
mm,
up
to
8
mm
at
the
base,
cylindrical
or
slightly
tapering
towards
the
apex,
at
first
bulbous-clavate,
later
slightly
bulbous,
solid,
becoming
hollow,
fully
white,
thinly
striate
and
vaguely
floc-
culose,
provided
with
a
thoroughly
differentiated
median
annulus,
white
above,
cream
D
Van
Dijkstraat
21,2405
XE
Alphen
aan
den
Rijn,
The
Netherlands.
2)
Via
Anconetana
35/A,
52100
Arezzo,
Italy.
Via
Baciocchi
9,
57126
Livorno,
Italy.
4
)
Via
Aloisi
3,
57128
Livorno,
Italy.
5
>
Via
Zola
51,
57122
Livorno,
Italy.
Some
of
us
have
spent
many
years
studying
the
taxonomy
and
distribution
of
coprophil-
ous
fungi
in
Italy.
So
far
108
species,
19
belonging
to
the
genus
Coprinus,
have been
collected
and
described.
Many
of
these
species
are
quite
common
and
widespread,
others
are
typical
of
temperate
climates,
and
some
are
undoubtedly
rare.
Among
the
rare
ones
is
C.
spadiceisporus
Van
De
Bogart,
an
American
species,
which
is
here
reported
for
the
first
time
from
Europe.
The
morphological
characteristics
of
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
are
described
and
compared
with
some
related
taxa,
including
C.
roseistipitatus,
another
American
species
described
by
Van
De
Bogart
(1976),
but
which
we
consider
synony-
mous
with
Coprinus
spadiceisporus.
In
the
following
description
the
notation
[100,4,2]
stands
for
'100
spores
from
4
basi-
diocarps
in
2
collections'.
L
x
B
x
W
means:
length
x
breadth
in
frontal
view
x
width
in
side
view.
Q
stands
for
'length
of
the
spores
divided
by
breadth
in
frontal
view'.
538
PERSOONIA
Vol.
16,
Part
4,
1998
Fig.
1.
Coprinus
spadiceisporus.
Sp.
=
spores,
x
2000;
Bas.
=
basidia;
Ch.
=
cheilocystidia;
Ve.
=
veil
(Bas.,
Ch.
&
Ve.
x
800).
Ulje\
Gennari,
Doveri,
Cacialli
&
Caroti:
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
in
Europe
539
ochraceous
on
the
lower
surface.
Context
white,
quite
firm,
fibrous,
devoid
of
particular
smell
and
taste.
Spores
[100,
5,
2]
6.7-9.3
x
5.3-6.8
x
4.7-5.4
pm
(L
x
B
x
W);
Q
=
1.20-1.45;
av.
Q
=
1.35;
av.
L
=
8.0-8.4,
av.
B
=
6.0-6.3
pm,
submitriform,
rhomboid
or
ovoid
and
somewhat
truncate
in
frontal
view,
ellipsoid
in
side
view,
dark
red-brown,
with
conspicu-
ous
hilar
appendage
and
a
distinct,
central
or
slightly
eccentric,
1.5-1.8
pm
wide
germ
pore.
Basidia
24-43
x
8-10
pm,
4-spored,
present
in
three
forms:
claviform
and
short-
stalked,
cylindrical-clavate
or
elongated
cylindrical
with
a
distinct
median
narrowing.
Each
basidium
is
surrounded
by
(3-)4-6(-8)
pseudoparaphyses.
Pleurocystidia
and
caulocys-
tidia
absent.
Cheilocystidia
30-65
x
15-23
pm,
abundant
(edge
sterile),
polymorphous:
(sub)globose,
ovoid,
ellipsoid,
oblong,
utriform,
subcylindrical.
Veil
made
up
of
elongate
elements
in
chains,
cylindrical
or
somewhat
inflated,
often
constricted
at
septum,
30-125
x
6-25
pm,
with
fusiform,
ovoid
or
cylindrical
terminal
cells.
Pileipellis
a
cutis,
made
up
of
cylindrical,
more
or
less
parallel,
repent
hyphae.
Clamp-connections
absent.
Pseudo-
clamps
present,
difficult
to
observe
because
of
the
very
thin
walls.
Habitat
&
distribution
—
Several
solitary
or
fasciculate
specimens
on
dung
of
fallow
deer.
Only
known
from
the
type
locality
(State
of
Washington,
USA)
and
from
the
finds
described
in
this
paper
(Italy).
Collections
examined.
USA:
State
of
Washington,
no
other
annotations,
F.
Van
De
Bogart
217
(holo-
type,
WTU);
Lewis,
Cispus
Centre,
25
Oct.
1975,
F.
Van
De
Bogart
3369
(holotype
of
C.
roseistipita-
tus,
WTU).
—
ITALY:
Grosseto,
Ansedonia-Orbetello
(Tombolo
di
Feniglia),
26
Dec.
1995,
A.
Gennari,
MCVE
571
(private
herb.);
27
Nov.
1996,
A.
Fani,
L.
Casetti,
A.
Gennari,
MCVE
572
(private
herb.).
The
macroscopic
and
microscopic
features
of
our
collections
were
independently
de-
scribed
by
each
of
us
before
they
were
compared.
It
was
immediately
apparent
that
this
taxon
fitted
none
of
the
recognised
European
species.
To
place
what
was
a
new
European
taxon
or,
possibly,
a
species
known
elsewhere,
we
searched
the
literature
and
found
a
fairly
good
structural
likeness
and
similarity
of
habitat
between
our
Italian
specimens
and
the
taxon
described
by
Van
De
Bogart
(1976).
To
confirm
the
identification,
the
type
material
was
studied
by
one
of
us
(C.B.
Ulje).
The
microscopic
and
macroscopic
characters
were
indeed
similar
to
those
in
our
collec-
tions.
The
spores
were
slightly
larger
in
the
type
material
(8.2-10.3
x
5.8-7.3
pm;
Q
=
1.25-1.45;
av.
Q
=
1.35;
av.
L
=
9.1,
av.
B
=
6.7
pm),
but the
quotient
and
shape
were
in
good
agreement.
The
study
dispelled
any
doubt
and
confirmed
that
our
species
de-
serves
the
name
C.
spadiceisporus.
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
was
described
as a
new
species
by
Van
De
Bogart
(I.e.)
in
the
first
part
of
a
study
devoted
to
the
genus
Coprinus
in
western
North
America.
He
placed
the
new
taxon
in
section
Coprinus,
after
acknowledging
that
he
based
his
system-
atics
on
Kiihner
&
Romagnesi
(1953).
Uljd
&
Noordeloos
(1997)
divided
section
Coprinus
in
four
subsections
(based
on
Singer,
1986),
mainly
on
the
basis
of
characters
in
the
veil:
subsect.
Coprinus
(=
Annulati
J.
Lange),
subsect.
Atramentarii
(Fr.)
Konr.
&
Maubl.,
subsect.
Alachuani
Sing.,
and
subsect.
Lanatuli
Sing.
In
this
scheme,
Coprinus
spadiceisporus
has
to
be
placed
in
the
subsection
Coprinus,
on
account
of
the
presence
of
a
ring
together
with
the
adpressed,
hyphoid
veil.
PERSOONIA
Vol.
16,
Part
4,
1998
540
The
other
species
belonging
to
subsection
Coprinus
are
C.
comatus
and
C.
sterquili-
nus.
Coprinus
comatus
differs
from
C.
spadiceisporus
in
having
much
larger
basidio-
carps,
larger
spores
and
a
habitat
on
soil,
while
C.
sterquilinus,
though
growing
on
dung,
has
larger
basidiocarps
and
spores
twice
as
large.
A
second
taxon,
that
was
also
first
described
and
placed
in
sect.
Coprinus
by
Van
De
Bogart
(I.e.),
is
C.
roseistipitatus.
Its
distinguishing
characteristics
were
given
as
pink-
coloured
cystidia
and
stipe
apex,
basidia
with
a
median
grey
pigment
band
and
spores
that
are
slightly
larger
than
C.
spadiceisporus.
In
the
type
collection
of
this
species
the
spores
were
indeed
found
to
be
slightly
larger
(less
than
Van
De
Bogart
found)
than
in
C.
spadi-
ceisporus
(8.7-10.7
x
6.3-7.9
pm),
but
of
similar
shape
and
quotient.
The
slight
dif-
ference
in
spore
size
is
not
unusual
in
species
of
Coprinus
and
not
sufficient
in
itself
to
maintain
two
species.
The
pink
colour
of
the
cheilocystidia
could
not
be
not
found
in
the
dried
material
of
the
type
collection,
nor
could
the
median
grey
band
on
the
basidia. The
pink-coloured
apex
of
the
stipe
does
not
seem
to
us
to
be
a
usable
macroscopic
feature
because
of
the
fact
that
white
colours
often
become
pinkish
in
mushrooms,
especially
under
wet
conditions.
For
these
reasons
we
consider
C.
roseistipitatus
synonymous
with
C.
spadiceisporus.
Although
C.
spadiceisporus
and
C.
roseistipitatus
are
each
based
upon
only
one
col-
lection,
Van
De
Bogart
described
both
species
as
occurring
on
rabbit
and
deer
dung
(no
annotations
were
added
to
the
type
collections).
For
C.
spadiceisporus
he
described
clamp-connections
as
being
present,
for
C.
roseistipitatus
as
being
absent.
We
found
only
pseudoclamps
in
both
species.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The
authors
are
indebted
to
Else
C.
Vellinga
for
critical
reading
and
for
correcting
the
manuscript
and
to
John
Lennie
for
correcting
the
English
text.
The
director
of
the
herbarium
of
WTU
is
thanked
for
the
loan
of
type
material.
REFERENCES
Kiihner,
R.
&
H.
Romagnesi.
1953.
Flore
analytique
des
champignons
superieurs.
Paris.
Singer,
R.
1986.
The
Agaricales
in
modern
taxonomy,
Ed.
4.
Koenigstein.
Uljd,
C.B.
&
M.E.
Noordeloos.
1997.
Studies
in
Coprinus
IV.
Persoonia
16:
265-333.
Van
De
Bogart,
F.
1976.
The
genus
Coprinus
in
Western
North
America,
Part
I:
section
Coprinus.
Myco-
taxon
4:
233-275.
