A floristic inventory of east-central Idaho, U.S.A.

Abstract

A vascular plant inventory was completed in east-central Idaho during the summers of 2010 through 2012, providing a comprehensive update to a similar flora published in 1992. The area encompassed includes the Salmon-Challis National Forest and all intervening public land for a total of 10,552 mi² (27,330 km²). This portion of Idaho is geographically diverse, containing six mountain ranges with over a mile of vertical relief (1,609 m) and average annual precipitation ranging from less than 8 in (24.4 cm) to over 50 in (152 cm). A total of 11,237 voucher specimens were collected from 1,196 sites. The annotated checklist documents 1,349 unique taxa from 459 genera and 93 families. A total of 157 populations of species of conservation concern were located, representing 45 taxa. 44 populations of noxious weeds were recorded from 12 species. One species new to science, Polemonium elusum J. J. Irwin & R. L. Hartm., was discovered and subsequently published in 2012. Biogeographic review includes discussions of past botanical inventories, climate, geology, and vegetation. A limited spatial analysis was performed to assess sampling adequacy. Detailed specimen data are provided in the annotated checklist as well as online (http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu). A complete set of specimens are housed at the Rocky Mountain Herbarium with duplicates sent to the Salmon-Challis National Forest and Idaho regional herbaria.

Full text

To the University of Wyoming:
The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Joshua Irwin presented on October
27, 2014.
Ronald L. Hartman, Chairperson
Brian A. Mealor, External Department Member
Greg K. Brown, Committee Member
APPROVED:
David G. Williams, Department Chair, Department of Botany.
Paula M. Lutz, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences

1
Irwin, Joshua J. A floristic inventory of east-central Idaho, U.S.A., M.S., Department of Botany,
December, 2014.
A vascular plant inventory was completed in east-central Idaho during the summers of
2010 through 2012, providing a comprehensive update to a similar flora published in 1992. The
area encompassed includes the Salmon-Challis National Forest and all intervening public land
for a total of 10,552 mi
2
(27,330 km
2
). This portion of Idaho is geographically diverse,
containing six mountain ranges with over a mile of vertical relief (1,609 m) and average annual
precipitation ranging from less than 8 in (24.4 cm) to over 50 in (152 cm). A total of 11,237
voucher specimens were collected from 1,196 sites. The annotated checklist documents 1,349
unique taxa from 459 genera and 93 families. A total of 157 populations of species of
conservation concern were located, representing 45 taxa. 44 populations of noxious weeds were
recorded from 12 species. One species new to science, Polemonium elusum J. J. Irwin & R. L.
Hartm., was discovered and subsequently published in 2012.
Biogeographic review includes discussions of past botanical inventories, climate,
geology, and vegetation. A limited spatial analysis was performed to assess sampling adequacy.
Detailed specimen data are provided in the annotated checklist as well as online
(http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu). A complete set of specimens are housed at the Rocky Mountain
Herbarium with duplicates sent to the Salmon-Challis National Forest and Idaho regional
herbaria.

A FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO, U.S.A.
by
Joshua J. Irwin
A thesis submitted to the Department of Botany
and the University of Wyoming
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
BOTANY
Laramie, Wyoming
December, 2014

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Funding for this project was provided by the Salmon-Challis National Forest. Thanks to
Theresa Prendusi, Forest Service Region Four botanist (formerly) and Bruce Smith, wildlife
program manager (formerly) on the Forest. They were instrumental in securing these funds. I am
especially grateful to Ronald L. Hartman, my graduate advisor, for driving the floristics tradition
and sending me to central Idaho. I acknowledge the time and interest of my committee members
in improving this thesis. Assistance provided in the herbarium by B.E. Nelson improved the
efficiency and quality of the project.
I was aided by a number of people in the field, Dr. Hartman foremost among them. Craig
Scott, Wendy Irwin, and Jessica Macy accompanied me on collecting trips. Ben Legler located
and identified most of the Botrychium documented herein. Lucinda Haggas, on the Salmon
District of the Forest was invaluable for her logistical support. Lastly I want to recognize my
fellow graduate students, Joseph Charboneau, Michael Kirkpatrick, Lori Brummer, and Emma
Stewart for their esprit de corps.

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Botanical history…….…………………………………………………………………. 4
Climate…………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Geology……..………………………………………………………………………… 8
II. Methods…………………………………………………………………………………… 14
Field Work……………………………………………………………………………… 14
Data Collection…………………………………………………………………………. 16
Identification and Evaluation…….…………………………………………………… 19
III. Results and Discussion………..……………………………………………………………. 22
Summary……..…………………………………………………………………………. 22
Vegetation…….………………………………………………………………………… 22
Taxa of Conservation Concern…………………………………………………………. 35
Introduced and Noxious Taxa………………………………………………………….. 40
IV. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………. 43
V. Annotated Checklist……..………………………………………………………………….. 45
References…….………………………………………………………………………………… 87

iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Physiography and boundaries of east-central Idaho…………………………… 2
Figure 2. Land status and principal highways in the area………………………………… 3
Figure 3. Mean monthly temperature and precipitation at four locations………………... 6
Figure 4. Climate space and corresponding weather stations…………………………….. 9
Figure 5. Surficial geology……………………………………………………………….. 10
Figure 6. Geographic and climatic analysis of sampling adequacy…………………….. 20
Figure 7. Species accumulation and rarefaction curves………………………………… 21
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Mean annual precipitation and temperature for 22 weather stations…………… 7
Table 2. Number of herbarium specimens collected from east-central Idaho…………… 15
Table 3. Hierarchical and categorical summaries of taxa……………………………….. 22
Table 4. Summary of collections and taxa according to vegetation type……………….. 25
Table 5. Summary of occurrences for species of conservation concern…………………. 36
Table 6. Categories of introduced species and a summary of noxious weeds…………… 41

1
"Do not jump into your automobile next June and rush out…hoping to see some of that which I
have attempted to evoke in these pages. In the first place you can't see anything from a car;
you've got to get out of the [expletive] contraption and walk, better yet crawl, on hands and
knees…When traces of blood begin to mark your trail you'll see something, maybe. Probably
not.”
- Edward Abbey in Desert Solitaire
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
I report on the vascular flora of east-central Idaho. For this project, the region is defined
as encompassing the Salmon-Challis National Forest and all intervening land. This includes all
of Lemhi and Custer counties, as well as portions of Blaine, Butte, and Clark counties at the
southern extent of the Pioneer, Lost River, and Lemhi ranges (Fig. 1). Also within the boundary
are the Salmon River, the Beaverhead, and the White Knob Mountains. The total area
encompassed is 10,552 mi
2
(27,330 km
2
), but most of the inventory took place on non-
wilderness land administered by the Forest (Fig. 2). A more limited effort extended to the Frank-
Church River of No Return Wilderness and land administered by the Bureau of Land
Management with the intent of locating species not expected elsewhere. It is a geologically,
topographically, and climatically complex region containing species characteristic of the Great
Basin, as well the Middle and Northern Rocky Mountains. It is home to a significant array of
local endemics. The northwestern half of the area has the lowest elevations and is characterized
by continuous mountain chains, narrow valleys, and deep canyons. The southeastern half of the

2
Figure 1. Physiography and boundaries of east-central Idaho. Elevations indicate the
highest and lowest elevations within the area. The highest point in Idaho is indicated by the
elevation in feet. Only towns with retail services are indicated.
area has Idaho’s tallest peaks and is characterized by northwest trending fault-block mountains
separated by broad alluvial valleys. Local relief is high in each of the six ranges, with it often
exceeding a vertical mile (1,609 m).
©J.Irwin 2014

3
Portions of three ecological sections identified by the Idaho Department of Fish and
Game occur within the area: Idaho Batholith, Challis Volcanics, and the Beaverhead Mountains
Figure 2. Land status and principal highways in the area. While only 8% of the total area is
private or has restricted access, these areas disproportionately represent valley bottom
wetland habitat.
©J.Irwin 2014

4
(IDFG 2005). Following the ecoregions utilized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the
region is classified as Middle Rocky Mountain Steppe-Coniferous Forest-Alpine Meadows
(Bailey 1995).
Botanical History
The region’s botanical history began in the summer of 1805. The Lewis and Clark
expedition crossed into east central Idaho via Lemhi Pass where it traveled northwest along the
Lemhi and then Salmon Rivers. At a point where the Salmon River makes an abrupt westward
curve, the expedition encountered a rocky gorge impassible for horses. Instead, they traveled
northward and re-entered Montana at Lost Trail Pass. While in Idaho, Lewis and Clark gathered
specimens of three species near the Salmon and North Fork Salmon Rivers: Angelica arguta,
Lonicera utahensis, and Sorbus scopulina (Earle & Reveal 2003). Unfortunately the specimens
have been lost or destroyed, but they represented the first collections from the region.
Ninety years later, the U.S. Department of Agriculture commissioned Louis F. Henderson
and Charles L. Kirtley to collect botanical specimens from east central and west central Idaho
(Love 2011). The expedition began in June of 1895 in the town of Moscow, but they did not
arrive in east central Idaho until mid-summer. On August 4, the pair arrived in Challis, having
traveled through present day Sun Valley and Stanley (Love 2011). A portion of their route
through the Salmon River Mountains may be retraced via the “Custer Motorway”, a historic
route used by wagon trains during the 1879-1910 mining boom. From Challis, they journeyed a
circuitous route to the town of Salmon by traveling south to present day Arco, and then north
through Birch Creek Valley (Love 2011). While this is the first notable botanical exploration of
the region, most of their specimens were from established travel routes and valley bottoms.
©J.Irwin 2014

5
Following the Henderson expedition, herbarium collections began to increase
sporadically over the next several decades. A few noteworthy botanists to visit the region include
J. Francis McBride and Aven Nelson in 1911, followed by Edwin B. Payson in 1916. In the
1930s, various localities were visited by C. Leo Hitchcock, Ray J. Davis, and J. H. Christ. In
1944, 1946, and 1947 Hitchcock conducted the most thorough floristic inventory to date, with
several thousand specimens on record.
Douglass Henderson, a former student of Hitchcock’s, began working on a more
comprehensive inventory in 1979. Accompanied by graduate students, he surveyed the region
during a 13 year period and published his checklist in 1992 (Henderson 1992).
Botanical work following Henderson’s publication became limited to targeted rare plant
surveys and periodic forays by the Idaho Native Plant Society. Still, several new species have
been published since 1992, including Erigeron salmonensis, Eriogonum soliceps, and
Polemonium elusum.
Climate
Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation vary widely across the area (Fig.
3). The Köppen-Geiger climate system classifies the region into four categories: cold with
droughtless warm summers, cold with warm drought summers, cold arid desert, and cold arid
steppe (Peel et al., 2007). Low elevation mountain valleys and canyons tend to experience the
highest temperatures. For example, a maximum high of 114 °F (45.6 °C) has been reported for
the lower Salmon River, but such locations frequently experience up to a 40 °F (22.2 °C) daily
fluctuation in the summer (Finklin 1988). The coldest recorded temperatures occur both in high
elevation basins and alpine cirques with the lowest of -42 °F (-41 °C) reported at the Grouse
station (CCDS 2013).

6
Average annual precipitation across the region shows a complex pattern that is both
orographic and latitudinal. Low altitude fall-winter cyclonic storms traveling east from the
Pacific Ocean have a mean track to the north of the area (Mass 2008). Those storm systems that
do pass over the region encounter increasingly higher mountain ranges toward the south and east
of the area. The effect is that equivalent elevations receive greater mean annual precipitation on
the western and northern extremes. In the summer, high altitude convective storms deliver a
varying accumulation of rain (Moseley & Bernatas 1992). The greatest precipitation received in
a single year was 60.1 in. (152.7 cm) reported at Banner Summit
Figure 3. Mean monthly temperature and precipitation at four locations. Shaded portions
as mean minimum and maximum temperatures and bars represent precipitation.
Locations chosen to reflect A) high precipitation at Banner Summit (1982-2010), B) low
precipitation at Chilly-Barton Flat (1981-2010), C) low temperature at Meadow Lake
(1982-2010), and D) high temperature at Shoup (1981-2010).
©J.Irwin 2014

7
(SNOTEL 2013). Conversely, the lowest precipitation received in a year was 2.6 in. (6.6 cm)
reported in Challis (CCDS 2013).
There are 22 weather stations in the region for which long term data are available (Table
1). Of these, 12 belong to the Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) overseen by the National
Table 1. Mean annual precipitation and temperature for 22 weather stations in east-central
Idaho with comparisons to the 1981-2010 800m Parameter Regression Independent Slopes
Model (PRISM 2012). Positive error values indicate an over-estimate by PRISM.
Station Type
Ppt. begin/
end
Temp.
begin/ end
Elev.
(ft.)
Mean
Temp.
(F)
Mean
Ppt. (in.)
PRISM
ppt.
error
PRISM
temp.
error
Stickney Mill SNOTEL 1982-2010 1989-2010 7430 35.0 19.5 9.2% 0.7%
Banner
Summit SNOTEL 1982-2010 1988-2010 7040 36.3 41.5 -0.5% 2.6%
Bear Canyon SNOTEL 1982-2010 1983-2010 7900 33.5 27.7 1.3% 2.1%
Hilts Creek SNOTEL 1982-2010 1988-2010 8000 36.8 23.6 -0.1% -1.9%
Lost-Wood
Divide SNOTEL 1982-2010 1983-2010 7900 34.5 31.9 -3.2% 4.7%
Meadow Lake SNOTEL 1982-2010 1989-2010 9150 33.7 31.7 4.5% 0.8%
Mill Creek
Summit SNOTEL 1983-2010 1989-2010 8800 33.5 29.0 24.9% 6.4%
Moonshine SNOTEL 1982-2010 1988-2010 7440 33.9 22.7 -1.3% 3.0%
Moose Cr SNOTEL 1982-2010 1989-2010 6200 36.1 30.8 -1.0% 2.8%
Morgan Cr SNOTEL 1982-2010 1989-2010 7600 35.3 24.9 1.2% 2.6%
Arco 3SW COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 5330 43.8 10.4 -11.0% -3.0%
Leadore 2 COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 6000 38.8 9.3 -10.2% 3.3%
Challis COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 5180 45.5 8.4 -15.7% -4.3%
Salmon KSRA COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 3930 43.9 9.5 -3.9% 2.9%
Shoup COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 3400 46.7 15.4 -10.8% -1.7%
Mackay
Ranger Station COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 5900 41.2 9.8 -5.9% -0.5%
Howe COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 4820 43.9 7.8 -8.7% -1.6%
May COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 5110 41.7 8.7 -6.2% 4.0%
Gibbonsville COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 4460 42.0 17.4 -4.1% -0.2%
Chilly-Barton
Flat COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 6260 40.2 8.0 3.6% -1.0%
Grouse COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 6100 39.3 13.7 -8.7% 0.8%
Stanley COOP 1981-2010 1981-2010 6270 34.9 12.3 35.0% 4.6%

8
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. COOP stations represent low elevation locations and
have a published climate normal for 1981-2010. The remaining 10 weather stations are
administered by the National Resource Conservation Service and are automated reporting
stations that use Snow Telemetry technology. These stations represent high elevation locations
and provide complete raw data beginning in 1982. I have summarized climate means from these
stations using this raw data for the period of 1982-2010.
Spatial models designed using historical weather observations allow for the inference of
climate at locations without weather stations. One of the more widely accepted of these models
are those published by the Parameter Regression Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) Climate
Group (Daly et al., 2008). With a reliable climate model, it becomes possible to characterize the
area in climate space. I have compared the 800 m 1981-2010 PRISM data (PRISM 2012) with
each of the 22 weather stations and found several notable trends. First, mean annual temperature
is highly consistent between model values and weather stations, with model values differing by a
mean of ca. 2.5%. Second, model values for mean annual precipitation are less reliable and differ
from actual values by a mean of ca. 7.8%. After removing one of the outliers, 21 of 22 weather
stations still differ from PRISM by a mean of ca. 6.0%. This degree of error between actual
weather stations and model values allows for an adequate characterization of available climate
space (Fig. 4).
Geology
Next to climate, geology is one of the most important controlling factors influencing
plant diversity (Kruckeburg 2002). The following overview of regional geology is separated into
six general categories according to composition (Fig. 5). Along with a brief narrative on the

9
origin and distribution of major rock types, I have included comments relating back to species
diversity.
Precambrian sedimentary and metamorphosed rocks of the Belt Supergroup are found in
the Beaverhead Mountains, northern Salmon River Mountains, and the northern Lemhi Range
(USGS 2005). This geologic unit forms much of the Northern Rocky Mountains, and reaches
thicknesses of up to 18 km. Locally composed of mostly quartzite and meta-argillite, these rocks
originate as sand and mud deposited between 1.39 and 1.47 billion years ago in the largest basin
Figure 4. Climate space and corresponding weather stations (SNOTEL 2013, CCDS 2013,
PRISM 2012). Light shaded dots represent modelled climate across the entire area. Dark
triangles represent weather stations. The number of years calculated for SNOTEL data
varies by site, but is a minimum of 21 years (Table 1). All other data are for the period of
1981-2010. The outlier weather station in the bottom left of the cluster represents Stanley,
ID and is a location in which the climate model overestimated average annual precipitation
by 35%.
©J.Irwin 2014

10
of a supercontinental precursor of Rodinia (Winston & Link 1993). The Idaho-Wyoming Thrust
Belt, which occurred in the Cretaceous concurrently with batholith formation, is responsible for
much of the present displacement of the Belt Supergroup (Link & DeGray 2008). In the last
several decades, there has been notable confusion among geologists regarding the history of the
Belt Supergroup specific to central Idaho. A detailed review of this debate is provided in
Winston et al. (1999).
Figure 5. Surficial geology of east-central Idaho adapted from the USGS (2005). Map tiles
are separated according to A) metamorphic rock, B) siliclastic sedimentary rock, C)
carbonate sedimentary rock, D) plutonic rock, E) volcanic rock, and F) alluvium.
©J.Irwin 2014

11
Precambrian rocks outside of the Belt Supergroup are associated with the Pioneer Core
Complex, located in the southwestern edge of the area. These rocks are dated at 2 billion years
old and are composed of gneiss, marble, and quartzite (Wust & Link 1988). The Pioneer
Mountains host a particularly high species richness, as affirmed by a 1992 botanical inventory of
an approximately 1,400 acre (567 ha) area surrounding Kane Lake (Moseley 1992). This
inventory documented 180 species of vascular plants, including many rare alpine plants such as
Carex incurviformis, Draba fladnizensis, Ranunculus pygmaeus, and Parnassia kotzebuei
(Moseley 1992).
Paleozoic sedimentary carbonate rocks comprise most of the Lost River Range, the
southern Lemhi Range, and a portion of the White Knob Mountains. These mountains were
uplifted by a series of northwest-southeast trending faults associated with basin and range crustal
extension (Link et al., 1988). The carbonate rocks, predominantly dolostone and limestone, were
formed in shallow ocean waters as part of the ancient continental margin over a period of 240-
570 million years ago (Link & Janecke 1999). Siliclastic sandstone and shale were also deposited
over this same period but are much less abundant in the area. Due to the porous nature of the
carbonate deposits, many large cirques and glacial valleys composed of this material are
completely lacking in surface water (Johnson et al., 2007). In the course of performing surveys, I
observed that the absence of hydrophytic plant species contributed to a lower species richness
compared to areas of differing geology. Nevertheless, a number of rare upland species are
associated with carbonate rocks and this includes Cymopterus douglassii, Astragalus amnis-
amissi, Kelseya uniflora, and Draba hitchcockii (Ahlenslager 2007, Moseley 1989, and Moseley
1995a)

12
Cretaceous plutonic rocks are found throughout the Salmon River Mountains on the
western edge of the region and in isolated satellites elsewhere (Johnson et al., 1988). These rocks
consist largely of granite, granodiorite, and quartz monzodiorite (USGS 2005), commonly
referred to as the Idaho Batholith. The batholith was initially formed by the subduction of the
Farallon Plate against the North American Plate. Isostatic rebound occurring 50-65 mya caused
uplift and exposure of the formation (DeGray & Link 2008). Dozens of hydrothermal springs are
found in central Idaho in association with the batholith. These springs are created by non-
magmatic fracture systems that circulate water and minerals deep underground (Welhan et al.,
2012). There are three rare plant species associated with some of these springs; Epipactis
gigantea, Epilobium palustre, and Primula incana (Moseley 1995b). Some of the springs in the
Basin Creek watershed carry a high concentration of uranium and other heavy metals, and these
have local habitats dominated by bryophytes (Shacklette & Erdman1982).
Tertiary volcanic rocks in central Idaho, known as the Challis Volcanic Group, belong to
a larger volcanic belt stretching from the Middle Rocky Mountains in Wyoming northward into
southern British Columbia (Moye et al., 1988). These volcanic rocks are scattered throughout the
area, but are most abundant near the town of Challis. Their stratigraphy and composition are
particularly diverse with deposits ranging from magnesium rich basalt to alkali rhyolite and tuff
(Fisher & Johnson 1995). All of the eruptions in Idaho took place between 44 mya and 51 mya,
with some of the more remarkable eruptions reaching a thickness up to 1500 m and depositing
ash over 80 km away. The original landforms; stratovolcanoes, calderas, domes, lava flows and
dike swarms are now highly eroded and discontinuous (Moye et al., 1988). A significant number
of rare and disjunct species occur in areas with volcanic deposits and these have become
colloquially referred to as the “Challis endemics”. A few examples of these endemics include

13
Astragalus amblytropis, Oxytropis besseyi var. salmonensis, and Thelypodium repandum
(Moseley 1989, and Caicco 1988).
Three periods of Pleistocene glaciation have been described for the Pioneer Mountains
and proposed as a model for all of Idaho (Evenson et al., 1982). Cirques, horns, arêtes, and
moraines are evident in all six of the region’s ranges, suggesting a once widespread presence of
alpine glaciers. During the greatest extent of glaciation, valley glaciers in the Pioneer Mountains
created ice-dammed lakes and subsequent outburst floods in two separate locations (Rathburn
1993, Evenson et al., 1982). Today, many rock glaciers remain active in the Lost River and
Lemhi Ranges, as indicated by the presence of large rock fields featuring protalus lobes and
downslope flow features (Johnson et al., 2007). An analysis of 48 such glaciers in the Lemhi
Range concluded that many of them originate from permafrost rather than as buried cirque
glaciers (Johnson et al., 2007).
Holocene mass wasting events are prevalent in the area, illustrated by the presence of at
least five landslide-dammed lakes and many hundreds of talus fans. Large landslides, such as the
4,400 m long Carlson landslide, begin at a contact between two major rock types and are
triggered by loading caused by springs or by seismic activity (Shaller 1991). Numerous large
landslides and liquefaction of alluvial fans were documented following the 7.3 richter scale
Borah Peak Earthquake of 1983 (Keefer et al., 1985).

14
CHAPTER II
METHODS
Field Work
The overall goal of this project was to document the taxa of vascular plants occurring in
the research area (USFS 2009). Secondary goals included determining geographic coordinates
for each taxon on the RM website, locating new populations of species of conservation concern,
and documenting the occurrence of exotic plants (USFS 2009).
During the summers of 2010-2012, Ron Hartman and I collected 11,235 specimens over
144 days interspersed with 72 days of plant processing. The inventory is composed of many
surveys that varied in size from less than an acre or up to many miles along routes traveled,
depending on the habitats and species richness. While performing a survey, the meander search
technique was employed in keeping with previous floristic studies at the Rocky Mountain
Herbarium (RM) (Hartman & Nelson 2008, Goff et al., 1982). Thus, while hiking a specific
route, habitats were selected based on diversity of substrate and species assemblages. Between
100 and 400 plants were collected, then pressed and dried every one to three days. Plant presses
were built using alternating sheets of newspaper and corrugated cardboard. These were
compressed with locking straps and placed on a plant drier.
Plants were collected only if in an identifiable state, usually flower or fruit. More
common taxa were repeatedly collected over the course of many surveys, providing a coarse
record of ecological distribution. This repeated collection also increased the likelihood of
discovering taxa that might otherwise be mistaken for more common species.
Surveys were divided geographically between each of the six major mountain ranges.
With limited resources and a complex area, I used a survey-gap approach in selecting

15
destinations to sample (Funk et al., 2005). Prior to each field season, I generated a pool of
potential destinations through an analysis of aerial imagery, historical records, and GIS data for
vegetation, geology, and climate. Vegetation communities were targeted during the period of
expected peak bloom, with limited visits during early and late Periods of the growing season. A
comparison of the number of historical specimens with those of this project shows the abundance
of herbarium material and a degree of geographic bias (Table 2).
Many surveys were performed where not every taxon observed was collected. Such
surveys were referred to as “targeted collecting.” Targeted collecting was especially useful in the
Table 2. Number of herbarium specimens collected from east-central Idaho. Historical
records were obtained from the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria online database
(Consortium 2013) and reclassified according to location descriptions.
land area
mi
2
(km
2
)
2010-2012
#
specimens
2010-2012
specimens/ area
mi
2
(km
2
)
Historic #
specimens
Total
specimens
/area mi
2
(km
2
)
Salmon River Mts,
Lemhi County
2,111
(5,467) 1,991 0.94 (0.36) 2,304 1.09 (0.42)
Salmon River Mts,
Custer County
2,774
(7,185) 1,736 0.63 (0.24) 3,406 1.23 (0.48)
Beaverhead
Mountains
873
(2,261) 559 0.64 (0.25) 1,518 1.74 (0.67)
Lemhi Range
1,976
(5,118) 1,689 0.85 (0.33) 5,238 2.65 (1.02)
Lost River Range
1,595
(4,131) 1,849 1.16 (0.45) 4,180 2.62 (1.01)
Pioneer & White
Knob Mountains
1,224
(3,169) 2,079 1.67 (0.66) 1,930 1.58 (0.61)
Unplaced 1,334 0
Total:
11,237
Mean:
0.99
(0.38)
Total:
18,576
Mean:
1.76
(0.68)

16
discovery of extremely infrequent taxa and significantly increased the total number of species in
this inventory. In some cases, targeted surveys were used to relocate historic populations of
sensitive plants. The proportion of targeted versus general surveys increases significantly from
2010 to 2012. Specimens of species of conservation concern were collected only when the
population numbered at least 20 individuals. This includes sensitive taxa identified by both the
Idaho Native Plant Society (INPS 2011) and the Forest Service Region 4 lists (USFS 2013).
Noxious weeds were identified according to the Idaho State Department of Agriculture Noxious
Weed lists (ISDA 2014). These plants were collected opportunistically during general surveys
and were only the object of targeted survey if the location appeared to be an early-stage invasion.
Data Collection
Similarly to previous RM inventories (e.g., Charboneau 2013; Legler 2010; Larson
2008), collections are grouped into sites. Information associated with each site consists of
geographic coordinates, location, Township, Range, Section (TRS), and a narrative description
of the location. Coordinates in this inventory were generated with an accuracy no greater than 30
m (ca. 100 ft). This standard ensures that any researcher has a high likelihood of relocating a
specific population within 30m of its given coordinates, supposing the original population
persists. In the past, RM inventories have had much greater locational uncertainty; often up to
400m. The increased accuracy in this project required the recording of coordinates much more
frequently. Thus, a total of 1,196 unique locations were recorded. The locations of sites were
marked on 1:24,000 scale U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps. Accuracy of marked
locations was improved with the use of a Garmin Dakota 10 global positioning system (GPS)

17
and 1m aerial imagery (USDA 2009). The marked points were recorded in decimal degree
format, North American Datum 1983 (NAD83).
Ecological information was estimated categorically for individual specimens. This
includes soil moisture, substrate texture, population estimate, and vegetation community. A five
character coding system was devised for field classification of specimens. These were later
translated into narrative statements and included on herbarium labels.
The first character in a code represents soil moisture and this was given as H, M, or X. These
translate to hydric, mesic, or xeric, respectively. Hydric soils meet the criteria given by the
Natural Resource Conservation Service (Vasilas et al., 2010) for the purpose of wetland
delineation. Mesic and xeric categories were applied relative to the range of moisture variation
observed in the field.
The second character in a code was reserved for substrate texture, represented by either F,
L, C, or R. These translate as the following: (F) fine material composed mostly of clay or silt,
(L) soil containing loam and an ‘A’ horizon, (C) coarse material composed mostly of sand, or
gravel, and (R) cobbles, boulders, or bedrock. Both soil moisture and soil texture were estimated
at a scale of about 1m, and represent conditions in which plants were rooted.
Population estimates were placed in the third character. This information was initially a
requirement for collections of Forest Service sensitive species (USFS 2009), but these estimates
were conveniently applied to all collections. Estimates are given in the following broad
categories: (S) 1-25 individuals, (I) 26-75 individuals, (B) 76-150 individuals, (T) greater than
150 individuals, and (D) dominant. The dominant category was used to describe large
populations clearly extending beyond the range of observation, but the others were recorded at a

18
scale of approximately 100 m
2
. When making these population estimates, I did not account for
clonal or rhizomatous growth-forms and this should be considered when interpreting values.
Collectively the first three characters have a unique set of letters and this approach greatly aided
identification of typos, omissions and transpositions which often occur when entering large
volumes of data. The forth and fifth characters were used for a hierarchical numbering system
adapted from the National Landcover Datasat (Fry et al., 2011) and the National Gap Analysis
Program (GAP 2013). Following their standard, the first digit indicates a broad grouping, such as
coniferous forest, rangeland, or disturbed land. The second digit indicates more specific types,
such as Douglas-fir dominated forest. The vegetation types which were assigned in the field are
explained below in the vegetation section.
In 2011 and 2012, the primary mode of data entry was onto a laptop computer using
Microsoft Excel. Excel data consisted of two relational tables, one for sites and the other for
specimen codes. A traditional handwritten collecting book was also maintained in 2010 and
2011. All other data, including TRS coordinates, location description, surficial geology,
elevation, slope angle, and slope aspect, were developed at the end of each field season. These
were generated using ArcMap 10.0 software with the Spatial Analyst Extension (ESRI 2010).
Elevation, slope steepness, and slope angle were each required by the cooperative agreement,
and these were calculated from the 1 arc-second (30m) National Elevation Dataset (USGS 2002).
Distance and azimuth to the nearest town were calculated using the Near (Analysis) tool in
ArcMap, with the resulting values converted into narrative format. A 1:500,000 scale geology
shapefile for the state of Idaho was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS 2005). A
shapefile with Township Range, and Section coordinates was acquired from the Salmon-Challis

19
National Forest GIS department (unpublished). The resulting specimen database was formatted
for compatibility and imported into the Rocky Mountain Plant Specimen Database.
Identification and Evaluation
In the herbarium following each field season, all specimens were identified by family,
then species, and finally to infraspecific rank. Use of an “assembly-line” process led to increased
efficiency accuracy of determinations. Standard references that were used included the Flora of
the Pacific Northwest (Hitchcock & Cronquist 1973), Intermountain Flora (Cronquist et al.,
1977, Cronquist et al., 1994, Cronquist et al., 1997a, 1997b, Holmgren et al., 2005, Holmgren et
al., 2012), and Flora of North America (1993+). For many taxa, additional references were used.
Where possible, specimens were compared with annotated specimens at RM. Barbara Ertter
reviewed all specimens of Potentilla, and Ron Hartman did likewise for the Apiaceae and
Caryophyllaceae. Final nomenclature conforms to the RM Plant Specimen Database (Hartman et
al., 2009).
To evaluate the thoroughness of field sampling, I performed several simple analyses.
First, I identified the size of geographic gaps between collection sites using the Euclidian
distance tool (Fig 6A-B) found in ArcMap 10.0. I then evaluated the distribution of sites in
climate space (Fig 6C). The presence of gaps between sites indicates that a portion of the climate
found in the region was not surveyed. I then selected gaps on the outer portions of climate space
and mapped those locations (Fig 6D). In terms of climate, these are locations most likely to host
species not found in the inventory.
I generated species accumulation and rarefaction curves as described by Colwell
(2009)(Fig 7). The rarefaction curve is included to show an ideal species accumulation, given the

20
number of taxa and number that each was collected. For the rarefaction curve, a random set
without replacement was generated using 10,000 specimens and averaged across 50 repetitions.
Figure 6. Geographic and climatic analysis of completeness of sampling adequacy. A)
Distribution of collection sites. B) Euclidian distance from collection sites with darker
©J.Irwin 2014

21
Figure 6 (continued). shading indicating larger gaps. Numbered areas represent
noteworthy gaps between sites. C) Climate space model for the region with collection sites.
Made using the 800m 1981-2010 data produced by the Parameter Regression Independent
Slopes Model Group (PRISM 2012). Dark points represent collection sites and light points
represent the region. Gaps between sites represent climate conditions that were not
surveyed, and therefore have a higher potential of hosting undocumented taxa. D) Gaps on
the outer edges of climate space from (C) as mapped geographically. Areas numbered 1-2
represent warm extremes and areas numbered 3-5 represent cold extremes.
Figure 7. Species accumulation and rarefaction curves. There are a total of 11,235
specimens and 1,347 unique taxa. The rate of discovery of new taxa is initially high and
tapers over time. Progression of the growing season plus new habitats increase the rate of
discovery in late June to early July 2010, and in late July to early August of 2011. Taxa
added in 2012 are largely the result of targeted surveys. The rarefaction curve is provided
as an idealized attenuation of species accumulation based on the number and frequency
that each taxon was collected (Colwell 2009).
©J.Irwin 2014

22
CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Summary
Survey efforts yielded a total of 1,347 unique taxa representing 454 genera from 93 families
(Table 3). Of the eight putative hybrids identified, seven of these are named. Determination of
the unnamed hybrid was inferred by its morphological intermediacy and adjacency to putative
parents. Life history, introduced status, and growth form were assigned to all taxa according to
the USDA Plants database (USDA 2014). There are four first reports for Idaho; three are
introduced species and the fourth is a newly described novelty. Within the region, there are 74
additions to the flora, and 16 of these are introduced species. 85% of the total diversity consists
of forbs, and most of these are perennials. Of the 116 introduced taxa, there are 85 forbs, 21
graminoids, 8 shrubs, and one tree. 11 of the state’s 64 noxious weed species were collected in
the area.
Vegetation
A pattern of three broad vegetation zones is visible in much of the region. In the south
and east, basins and foothills are dominated by Artemisa spp., middle elevations dominated by
Pinus spp. and upper elevations appear mostly barren with only sparse forb cover. In the north
and west, the lowest elevations are dominated by Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii
woodlands mixed with openings of dry grassland, middle elevations are dominated by Pinus
spp., and upper elevations are composed of subalpine parklands. According to land cover
mapping by the Forest (unpublished data), the region is composed of approximately 42%
shrubland and grassland, 43% forest cover, and 3% alpine, with remaining percentage consisting
of other land cover types.

23
Table 3. Hierarchical and categorical summaries of taxa. Percentages are given relative to
the total number of unique taxa. Species of conservation concern are those tracked by the
Idaho Native Plant Society (INPS 2009), and Region 4 of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS
2013). Noxious weeds are those identified by the Idaho State Dept. of Agriculture (ISDA
2014). For numbers of taxa endemic to each of three regions, a somewhat arbitrary
definition was constructed as follows: taxa considered endemic to each region have state
level distributions confined to within some or all of the indicated states.
# of taxa by major plant group
# of taxa by special
category:
Ferns and fern allies 25
Introduced 117 (8.7%)
Gymnosperms 12
Noxious weeds 12 (0.9%)
Angiosperms 1312
Species of cons. Concern 45 (3.3%)
Idaho endemics 24 (1.8%)
# of hierarchical taxa: Additions to the flora 74 (5.5%)
Families 93
Genera 454
# of taxa by growth
form
Species 838
Annual forbs 144 (10.7%)
Infraspecies 503
Perennial forbs 868 (64.3%)
Hybrids 8
Graminoids 201 (14.9%)
Unique taxa (incl. hybrids) 1349
Shrubs 121 (9%)
Trees 15 (1.1%)
Largest families by # of taxa
Largest genera by # of
taxa
Asteraceae 207
Carex 60
Poaceae 115
Astragalus 31
Brassicaceae 91
Erigeron 25
Fabaceae 82
Eriogonum 25
Cyperaceae 68
Penstemon 22
*26 families represented by one taxon *240 genera represented by one taxon
# of taxa endemic to geographic regions
Pacific N.W. (ID, WA,OR,BC) 45
Southwest (ID,CA,NV,UT,AZ) 29
Rocky Mts (ID,MT,WY,CO,UT) 93

24
A variety of vegetation classifications have been developed in recent decades which
include all of east-central Idaho, or portions therein. Two widely recognized national level
classification systems include the 2006 National Land Cover Dataset (Xian et al., 2009), and the
Gap Analysis Program (GAP 2013). Both are raster-based systems which rely on spectral
attributes of individual cells in remote sensing products. The former was produced with an
emphasis on land-use planning. The latter was designed to model habitats and species
distributions for a variety of organisms, including plants. Gap Analysis datasets are now widely
used land cover models that have been in development for over two decades (Scott et al., 1993).
The current Gap Analysis model incorporates a hierarchical classification developed by
Natureserve for use in conservation planning (Comer et al., 2003). Both classification systems
have a 30m resolution and rely on a probabilistic approach. With this approach, the assigned
cover type for a given 30 m by 30 m grid cell often contains elements of more than one
vegetation type. Therefore the community type assigned is that which is considered most
representative of the entire cell.
Traditional plot based classification systems have been produced for central-Idaho’s
forest associations (Steele et al., 1981) and to a limited extent, for alpine communities
(Urbanczyk 1993, Caicco 1983). Such systems are highly descriptive at a fine scale (<30 m) and
are beyond the scope of this inventory.
In light of the guidance provided in the cooperative agreement, I adopted the system
described in Idaho Fish and Game planning documents (IDFG 2005). A total of 8,499 collections
were assigned to one of the 16 vegetation types identified in the region (table 4). This makes
possible an estimate of the frequency of all species for each vegetation type. A more detailed
statistical evaluation of community composition would be problematic because the number of

25
collections for any given taxon was not properly controlled for. Also, many vegetation
classifications provide “indicator species” for each community type. These are species or groups
of species that, whenever present, define the presence of one community or another. I attempted
to determine indicator species using a simplistic method and found that methodalso problematic.
There are a total of 303 taxa exclusive to one of the vegetation types. Of these, 282 were
collected only once. Thus, most of the taxa which are unique to a vegetation type are so rare as to
be of little value as indicators. I have instead developed a brief review of defining characteristics
for vegetation type, with observations on sub-communities and variation within. These
descriptions are intended to complement those provided in the IDFG (2005) planning document.
Table 4. Summary of collections and taxa according to vegetation type. These data were
analyzed using 8,499 specimens that I collected and individually assigned vegetation types.
Imbalance in the number of collections for vegetation type is probably the result of the
unstratified survey design, as well asspecies richness, species turnover, and areal extent.
Northern Mesic Conifer Forest is so rare in the region that it was encountered only once.
Vegetation Type # collections
Total #
of taxa
# taxa unique to
vegetation type
Alpine 369 175 14
Aspen forest 84 69 1
Disturbed 341 195 29
Douglas-fir forest 731 323 18
Lodgepole pine forest 391 210 10
Mesic pacific northwestern conifer forest 28 28 2
Montane grassland 364 184 8
Montane meadow 508 361 23
Mountain mahogany and juniper woodland 197 117 4
Ponderosa pine forest 186 117 7
Riparian woodland 942 379 33
Rockland and talus 822 352 31
Shrub-steppe, mesic 627 307 21
Shrub-steppe, xeric 1155 364 39
Spruce-fir-whitebark forest 546 265 14
Wetland 989 429 62

26
The 3-letter code next to each vegetation type below refers to the codes assigned to
individual taxa in the annotated checklist. At the end of each description, I provide a list of the
most frequently collected taxa. Numbers in parenthesis following each taxon indicate the number
of collections in the given vegetation type over the total number of collections. For example,
“Melilotus officinalis (7/13)” means that seven out of 13 collections were made from the
indicated vegetation type.
Disturbed (dis)Disturbed plant communities are those with altered soil and/or moisture
conditions due to human related activity. These habitats are usually dominated by non-native
forbs or annual grasses. Native species may be present, but these often as disturbance tolerant
taxa. Long lived natives may persist as local relicts. Locations identified as disturbed habitat
include roadsides, trailheads, corrals, sidewalks, and primitive recreation sites such as
campgrounds. The Salmon River corridor downstream of the town of Salmon hosts a variety of
agricultural and horticultural escapees. These are often associated with the ruins of long
abandoned cabins and mines. In some cases, species were discovered along roads which are
native elsewhere in North America, but not within the study area. Discussion with local residents
supports the notion that these were seeded as part of restoration efforts following construction
activity. Region-wide, the most frequent associated species include Agropyron cristatum var.
cristatum (8/16), Melilotus officinalis (7/13), Chorispora tenella (7/13), Lappula squarrosa
(6/14), Trifolium repens (6/16), and Malcolmia africana (6/9)
Wetland (wet)
A defining characteristic for wetlands is the presence of soils that are water saturated for
at least part of the growing season. This condition imposes severe physiologic stress to plants
which require special adaptations to overcome (Cowardin et al., 1979). Special care was taken in

27
the planning and survey phases of the project to locate a wide variety of wetland types. Wetland
types that were surveyed include lacustrine, palustrine and riverine systems as defined by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Cowardin et al., 1979). Riverine systems that supported a woody
canopy were classified as riparian woodland vegetation. Among wetlands, emergent palustrine
types were most commonly encountered, with sedges dominant.
Extensive spring-fed alkali wetlands occur in the intervening valleys between the Lost
River, Lemhi, and Beaverhead Ranges. These host several endemic species, including Astragalus
diversifolius, Primula alcalina, and Phlox kelseyi. Iron Bog is a peat moss dominated marsh
located in the southern Pioneer Mountains and is the only such wetland in the region. Valley
wetlands west of Stanley are variously supplied by flowing streams and groundwater. Here, peat
moss co-dominates with sedges and perennial forbs. Subalpine wetlands were abundant wherever
carbonate rocks were absent. Among the different community types identitied in the project,
wetlands have the largest number of unique taxa. The most frequent associated species include
Veronica americana (16/32), Mimulus guttatus (15/38), Carex vesicaria (14/18), Carex
microptera (14/44), Saxifraga odotoloma (13/29), and Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis (13/18).
Riparian woodland (rip)
Vegetation that is hydrologically influenced by a nearby stream and supports a woody
canopy is classified as riparian woodland. These communities often have an abrupt ecotone with
surrounding vegetation, where the difference between riparian and upland soils is differentiated
by a span one or two meters. At lower elevations and gradients, the smaller streams are
dominated by Salix spp. and larger streams by Populus spp. Higher elevation and higher gradient
streams often have a canopy dominated by conifers and a woody deciduous understory. Region
wide, the most frequent associated species include Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare (17/25),

28
Salix boothii (17/24), Salix geyeriana var. geyeriana (16/27), Ribes lacustre (16/35), Prunus
virginiana var. melanocarpa (15/40), and Ribes oxyacanthoides var. setosum (15/21).
Shrub-steppe, mesic (ssm)
This vegetation is dominated by Artemisia tridentata and various species of bunchgrass.
It is widespread at most elevations throughout the region. Varieties of A. tridentata (var.
tridentata, var. vaseyana, and var. wyomingensis) are locally dominant according to small
changes in soil depth or texture and slope position. At the lowest elevations mesic shrub-steppe
is restricted to northerly aspects and it gradually shifts to south aspects climbing up through
timberline. In the White knob Mountains and portions of other nearby ranges, a forest belt is
largely absent and shrub steppe vegetation grades into alpine. The most frequent associated
species include Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus (16/61), Balsamorhiza sagittata (13/50),
Lithospermum ruderale (12/41), Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (10/53), Antennaria rosea (10/78),
and Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. utahensis (10/28).
Shrub-steppe, xeric (ssx)
This vegetation type is most extensive in each of the broad alluvial valleys south of the
town of Salmon. In this habitat, precipitation is scarce year-round. At higher elevations, wind
and southerly exposures stunt vegetation, creating localized patches of xeric shrub-steppe. It also
occurs into the lower timberline on south aspects and rock outcrops. Most often, xeric shrub-
steppe is dominated by Artemisa arbuscula or A. nova, but some areas near the Salmon River
support communities co-dominated by Atriplex confertifolia and A.spinosa. In a few isolated
areas there are poorly drained depressions or washes dominated by Sarcobatus vermiculatus.
Overall, the most frequent associated species include Stenotus acaulis (27/66), Elymus spicatus

29
(20/69), Erigeron pumilus var. gracilior (19/44), Eremogone kingii var. glabrescens (18/44),
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. purpureum (18/34), and Poa secunda ssp. secunda (18/81).
Rockland and talus (roc)
Habitats with estimated vegetative cover of less than 10% were classified as the rockland
and talus cover type. Slopes were usually steep, rocky, and unstable, but not always so. Rock
outcrops, volcanic gravel barrens, and cliff walls were also classified here. Rocky bentonite
exposures just south of the town of Salmon were included here as well. On stable slopes, shrubs
tended to dominate. On unstable slopes, perennial forbs tended to dominate and were found to
have greatly elongated root systems to accommodate downslope movement. At high elevations,
this cover type grades into alpine vegetation. Ecotones with montane meadow vegetation are also
sometimes unclear. In low elevation areas of volcanic rock near the Salmon River, there are
occasionally patches of mostly barren ground with a sparse coverdominated by forbs. These
peculiar habitats occur within the xeric shrub-steppe matrix but were classified as rockland and
talus vegetation. The most frequent associated species include Heuchera grossulariifolia var.
grossulariifolia (15/39), Phacelia hastata var. hastata (15/61), Rubus idaeus var. aculeatissimus
(14/28), and Penstemon montanus var. montanus (14/20).
Montane grassland (mgr)
Montane grasslands are found along lower canyon and mountain slopes in the northwest
portion of the region where it forms a matrix with Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir systems. It is
found in dry openings and meadows at high elevation throughout the region, including the south-
east. A combination of summer soil moisture availability and infrequent wildfire supports this
community to the exclusion of shrub-steppe. The most frequent associated species include

30
Zigadenus venenosus var. venenosus (10/25), Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (7/53), Astragalus
atropubescens (7/29), Elymus spicatus (7/69), and Castilleja pallescens var. pallescens (7/20).
Montane meadow (mdw)
Montane meadows represent habitats that are too dry for wetlands to develop, too mesic
for grasses or shrubs to dominate and where trees are excluded. Montane meadows occur as a
result of past wildfires, heavy snow deposition, fine textured but well drained soils, or wind
swept conditions. Forbs dominate and may occur as thickets 1 m (3.3 ft) tall or in sparse fields
less than 0.2 m (8 in) tall grading into the rockland and talus cover type. In subalpine areas just
below 10,000 ft (3047 m) elevation, dry meadow may dominate a local landscape. The most
frequent associated species include Potentilla diversifolia var. diversifolia (10/28), Bistorta
bistortoides (9/26), Viola adunca var. adunca (8/32), Mertensia ciliata var. ciliata (7/35), and
Carex microptera (7/44).
Aspen forest (asp)
Large stands of Populus tremuloides are absent from the region, although the species is
nearly ubiquitous throughout. In the north, it occurs in small seral pockets surrounded by dry
conifer forest. These groves are associated with natural disturbances such as wildfire, blowdown,
avalanche, disease, and insect outbreak affecting more dominant conifer stands. P. tremuloides
has a relatively high soil moisture requirement and is thus confined to locations with seepage or
an otherwise shallow water table. Toward the south of the region, higher elevations progressively
give way to shrub-steppe vegetation. Here, groves occur in conditions suggesting that aspen is a
climax community (Meuggler 1985). Stands grow in the complete absence of conifers, foothill
slopes are less steep, and the surrounding vegetation is fire intolerant. In numbers of collections

31
(table 4), this community is under-represented. Although I deliberately visited a large number of
P. tremuloides groves during my surveys, I found that species turnover with adjacent community
types was quite low. Due to the generally low species turnover, there are too few collections to
provide a numerical summary. That said, a few common understory species that I can
subjectively provide include Juniperus communis, Purshia tridentata, Rosa woodsii var.
ultramontana, Geranium viscosissimum var. incisum, Arnica cordifolia, and Senecio serra var.
serra.
Mountain mahogany and juniper woodland (mmj)
This community occurs at the lower limit of treeline in isolated patches throughout the
region. It also forms large stands in the the Lost River, Lemhi, and southern Beaverhead Ranges.
It is distinguished by an open, almost monoculture canopy to about 4 m high (13.1 ft) and is
dominated by either Cercocarpus ledifolius or Juniperus spp. Soils are shallow, well drained,
and contain a high percentage of rock fragments. At its upper elevations, this vegetation becomes
more restricted to southerly exposed rock outcrops and is surrounded by dry conifer forest.
Lower ecotones are generally more distinct with abrupt transitions to shrub steppe. This
community type often has a low species-richness and thus the number of collections made is
rather low. Nevertheless, the most frequent associated species include Descurainia
longepedicellata (6/33), Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis (5/32), Penstemon humilis var.
humilis (5/56), and Hackelia patens var. patens (3/20).
Douglas-fir forest (dff)
Douglas-fir dominated forest is the most abundant of the forest types in the region and is found
on a wide range of soils and slope positions. To the north and west it typically occurs as mixed

32
stands with Pinus ponderosa, P. contorta, P. flexilis, or Picea engelmannii. Toward the south
and east, decadent monoculture stands become more prevalent. Understory vegetation follows a
similar trend, with more diverse assemblages in the north and west. Some Douglas-fir stands in
the Lost River Range lack an understory altogether, supporting a mere five to ten understory
species. Overall, the most frequent associated species include Arnica cordifolia (25/49), Poa
wheeleri (19/45), Ribes cereum (16/72), Achillea millefolium (16/65), Juniperus communis var.
depressa (15/34), and Carex geyeri (15/26).
Ponderosa pine forest (ppf)
Ponderosa pine forest may occur at elevations up to 1,800 m (6,000 ft), but its distribution is
limited to portions of the Salmon River and tributaries where base elevation is below about 1,400
m (4,500 ft). Two ecological conditions seem to favor the presence of Ponderosa pine forest at
elevations lower than shrub-steppe ecosystems found elsewhere in the region. First, the low
elevations allow for milder winter conditions. Second, toward the north and west, maritime air
masses are able to deliver more precipitation to low elevations. Within its range, stands occur on
south slope aspects and alternate with Douglas-fir stands on northerly slope aspects. Toward the
south and east in the region, Ponderosa gives way to Douglas-fir and shrub-steppe ecosystems.
The most frequent associated species include Berberis repens (6/23), Phacelia linearis (5/37),
Penstemon humilis var. humils (4/56), Heuchera grossulariifolia var. grossulariifolia (4/39), and
Balsamorhiza sagittata (4/50).
Mesic pacific northwestern conifer forest (pnf)
This forest type is described as being dominated by Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, Tsuga
heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Abies grandis, and Picea engelmannii. It occupies toe slopes and

33
valley bottoms that are climatically influenced by mild, wet Pacific maritime air masses. Winter
precipitation is high and generally in the form of wet snow or even rain. Unfortunately, these
conditions are not completely met anywhere in the region. It is included here because vegetation
maps indicate sporadic occurrances in the mountains adjacent the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness
to the north. A single grove of Abies grandis was historically documented on Colson Creek, 13
air miles west of Shoup, and I visited this location in 2010. Notable species I found include
Trillium ovatum var. ovatum, Mitella stauropetala var. stauropetala, Dryopteris filix-mas,
Linnaea borealis var. longiflora, and Goodyera oblongifolia. At the northwestern edge of the
region, near Lost Packer Lake, I discovered isolated populations of Coptis occidentalis, Tiarella
trifoliate var. unifoliata, and Clintonia uniflora. These forbs occur at the southern limit of their
distribution and are common in typical Pacific Northwestern forests. The populations I found
were growing under a dense canopy of Picea engelmanii however.
Lodgepole pine forest (lpf)
Mid-montane elevations that receive moderate snowpack and have a significant fire frequency
are dominated by Pinus contorta. Stands were highly variable in composition in many locations,
with Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii variously codominant. Lodgepole forest is
most prevalent in the north and west of the region. In Lost River Range, the species is entirely
absent. Most frequent associated species include Vaccinium scoparium (13/29), Hieracium
scouleri (9/25), Valeriana sitchensis (8/21), Achillea millefolium (7/65), and Carex geyeri (7/26).
Spruce-fir-whitebark pine forest (sff)
This forest vegetation forms the upper limit of forest canopy and grades into alpine vegetation by
forming open parklands at sheltered sites and dwarfed krumholz at exposed sites. Vegetation is

34
influenced by short growing seasons, deep snowpack, snow avalanches, and shearing winds. In
cirque basins, subalpine valleys, and north slopes, forest canopy is dominated by Picea
engelmannii, with Abies bifolia becoming most prominent at the alpine ecotone. On drier slopes
the subalpine forest is dominated by Pinus albicaulis. In many areas, there may be a co-dominant
matrix of P. albicaulis and P. flexilis, with the latter occupying the driest sites. North of the
Salmon River, near the Selway-Bitterroot wilderness, there are two (possibly more) areas with
greater than 50 hectares dominated by Larix lyallii. These locations on the Salmon-Challis Forest
are the southwestern-most limit of the species distribution. The most frequently collected
associated species include Ledum glandulosum (11/23), Phyllodoce empetriformis (11/15),
Erigeron glacialis var. glacialis (11/24), and Vaccinium scoparium (8/29).
Alpine (alp)
The gradation of several habitat types such as meadow, talus, and shrub-steppe made distinction
of this community type rather problematic. Most often, 10,000 ft (3,047 m) was used as a cut-off
to distinguish alpine vegetation from the above mentioned types. Thus, this community occurs at
high elevation where extreme cold, wind, a short growing season and shallow soil result in a
mostly barren landscape devoid of trees. Scattered perennial forbs and sedges are found growing
in coarse gravels, boulder-fields, and in cracks of solid rock. Many of the tallest mountains are
composed of porous carbonate rock and lack surface water altogether. In a few exceptional
locations, there are small patches of sedge dominant turf growing in cirque basins or cliff-side
seeps. Outside of the Lost River and southern Lemhi Ranges, small headwater streams and
rivulets support isolated alpine wetlands. In deep cirques and north aspects, this community type
may descend to about 9,000 ft (2,743 m) elevation. The most frequent associated species include

35
Polemonium viscosum (10/19), Erigeron compositus (9/53), Astragalus kentrophyta var.
tegetarius (9/19), Smelowskia calycina var. americana (8/10), and Oxyria digyna (8/20).
Taxa of Conservation Concern
This project documents 156 populations of rare plants representing 42 taxa. A subset of
these is managed by the Salmon-Challis National Forest as sensitive species. Among the
potential sensitive species occurring in the region, 73 populations were documented, representing
13 taxa. It should be noted that not all populations were located on Forest Service land. Some of
these taxa are known to occur exclusively on BLM or state land but are tracked by the Forest
Service as a precautionary measure. There are no documented occurrences of federally
threatened or endangered plants in the region (Mancuso 1997). For specifics on the distribution
of sensitive taxa encountered, see Figure 9.
The Idaho Native Plant Society (INPS) ranks taxa according to combinations of
frequency, distribution, and threats to guide conservation efforts. Plants ranked and tracked by
the INPS are thus referred to as rare plants. As of 2014, the INPS adopted the ranking system
developed by NatureServe and such is reflected in the ranks provided in Table 5.
Following is a brief description of characteristics and habitat for each of the Forest
Service sensitive species that were documented, I provide ecological or taxonomic observations
whenever applicable. At the end of each taxon are the voucher numbers preceded by the
collector’s initials: RLH for Ron L. Hartman and JJI for Joshua J. Irwin.
Agoseris lackschewitzii (Asteraceae) was found in the meadow portion of a cattle exclosure
surrounding a montane wetland. Additional surveys should take place in aspen and wetland

36
Table 5. Summary of occurrences for species of conservation concern. Taxa labeled
sensitive are managed as such by the Salmon-Challis National Forest. All other taxa
tracked by the Idaho Native Plant Society as well as the Idaho Natural Heritage Program.
Taxon
#
occurrences
status Conservation Rank
Agoseris lackschewitzii 1 sensitive G4 S2
Astragalus amblytropis 3 sensitive G3+ S3
Astragalus amnis-amissi 0 sensitive G3+ S3
Astragalus aquilonius 7 sensitive G3+ S3
Astragalus diversifolius 2 sensitive G2 S1
Astragalus vexilliflexus var. nubilus 0 sensitive G4T2+ S2
Carex incurviformis 0 sensitive G4G5 S1
Collomia debilis var. camporum 4 sensitive G5T2 S2
Cymopterus douglassii 0 sensitive G3+ S3
Draba globosa 0 sensitive G3 S2
Draba trichocarpa 0 sensitive G2+ S2
Eriogonum capistratum var. welshii 8 sensitive G4T2Q+ S2
Eriogonum meledonum 0 sensitive G2+ S2
Lewisia sacajaweana 0 sensitive G2+S1
Oxytropis besseyi var. salmonensis 6 sensitive G5T3+ S3
Penstemon lemhiensis 2 sensitive G3 S3
Physaria didymocarpa var. lyrata 2 sensitive G5T1+ S1
Poa abbreviata ssp. marshii 3 sensitive G5T2 S1
Thelypodium repandum 2 sensitive G3+ S3
Thlaspi idahoense var. aileeniae 2 sensitive G3G4T3+ S3
Astragalus gilviflorus var. gilviflorus 1 rare G5 S2
Botrychium crenulatum 1 rare G3 S1
Botrychium lunaria 2 rare G5 S1
Botrychium minganense 2 rare G4G5 S3
Botrychium simplex var. simplex 1 rare G5 S2
Calochortus nitidus 3 rare G3 S3
Carex abrupta 1 rare G5 S1
Carex idahoa 1 rare G2G3 S2
Carex occidentalis 1 rare G4 SH
Carex rostrata 3 rare G5 S2
Carex straminiformis 1 rare G5 S2
Cleomella hillmanii var. goodrichii 1 rare G4G5 SNR
Cryptantha celosioides 4 rare G5 S3
Cymopterus hendersonii 2 rare G5 S2
Cymopterus ibapensis 2 rare G4 S2
Draba fladnizensis var. pattersonii 2 rare G4 S1

37
Table 5 (continued).
Draba hitchcockii 4 rare G3+ S3
Draba oreibata var. oreibata 3 rare G4T4 SNR
Epipactis gigantea 1 rare G4 S3
Erigeron salmonensis 2 rare G3+ S3
Eriogonum soliceps 1 rare G2 S1
Gentianella propinqua var. propinqua 1 rare G5 S2
Hackelia davisii 3 rare G3+ S3
Kobresia myosuroides 1 rare G5
Lomatium idahoense 5 rare G4 SNR
Phacelia lyallii 2 rare G3 S2
Pinus albicaulis 30 rare G3G4 S3
Polemonium elusum 9 rare G1+ S1
Primula alcalina 1 rare G2 S2
Sandbergia perplexa 15 rare G4T3 S3
Sedum borschii 4 rare G4? S2
Sedum rupicola 3 rare G4 S2
Silene scaposa 3 rare G4 S3
margins within actively grazed pastures for the purpose of locating new and potentially impacted
populations. JJI 8461.
Astragalus amblytroptis (Fabaceae) was found on unstable slopes and banks of dry washes on
mostly barren chalky volcanic substrate. Vouchers JJI 1044, 5534, 8459,
Astragalus aquilonius (Fabaceae) was found on flat to rolling slopes in sparsely vegetated
sagebrush-steppe and salt-scrub. The number of new populations and their non-specific habitats
suggest that additional surveys would yield outstanding results. Vouchers JJI 1800, 5230, 5231,
5264, 6699 and RLH 91694, 91711.
Astragalus diversifolius (Fabaceae) was found only in previously documented locations and is
closely associated with Phlox kelseyi. Their habitat appears restricted to valley wetlands which
are controlled by groundwater supplied from adjacent mountains of dolomite and limestone.

38
While plants were relocated at historic populations, there are still no known occurrances on
Forest Service land. The potential habitat I did locate on Forest Service land was isolated and of
poor quality. Vouchers JJI 6273, 6615
Collomia debilis var. camporum (Polemoniaceae) was found on open slopes in small talus and
gravel near Douglas-fir woodlands at middle and lower elevations. One collection (JJI 8365)
significantly extends the distribution southward onto BLM land near the town-site of Ellis.
Vouchers JJI 2101, 3287, 6772. 8365.
Eriogonum capistratum var. welshii (Polygonaceae) was found on rocky, low elevation
volcanic substrate in xeric sagebrush steppe. Taxonomy for these plants is subject to confusion
as it was originally separated from Eriogonum chrysops Rydb. and is now synonymized into E.
crosbyae Reveal. I recommend that the INPS, IDFG, and Forest Service update their
nomenclature. Vouchers JJI 565, 957, 5901, 5964, 6512, 6589, 8473 and RLH: 91702.
Oxytropis besseyi var. salmonensis (Fabaceae) was found in scattered, isolated populations at all
elevations in the dry mountains of the East Fork Salmon River and Big Lost River watersheds.
This taxon was previously unknown from alpine-subalpine elevations and additional surveys are
warranted. Vouchers JJI 2442, 5271, 5527, 6516, 8039 and RLH 91968.
Penstemon lemhiensis (Plantaginaceae) was found in dry meadows adjacent to ponderosa pine
and douglas-fir woodlands in northern Lemhi County. Vouchers JJI 1482, 8842.
Physaria didymocarpa var. lyrata (Brassicaceae) was found on steep gravel slopes surrounded
by shrub-steppe and Douglas-fir vegetation in eastern Lemhi County. One collection (JJI 8239)
represents the first documented high elevation population. Consequently there are large areas of
potential habitat at high elevation; additional surveys are warranted. Vouchers JJI 6071, 8239.

39
Pinus albicaulis (Pinaceae) was found in dry habitats throughout the region at the upper limit of
tree-line. Large stands often had high mortality rates while small stands and krumholz
populations exhibited little or no mortality. Regeneration in impacted stands was sometimes
observed to be quite vigorous. Vouchers JJI 2235, 2666, 2770, 2938, 3215, 3517, 3910, 4082,
4291, 4396, 5208, 6231, 6537, 6584, 6658, 6954, 7002, 7314, 7800, 7852, 7977, 8242, 8607,
8810, 8890 and RLH 90731, 90764, 91032, 91929.
Poa abbreviata ssp. marshii (Poaceae) was found on mostly barren rocky alpine slopes very
near or above 10,000ft (3048m) elevation. Vouchers JJI 2937, 3206, 6532.
Thelypodium repandum (Brassicaceae) was found on sparsely vegetated desert scrub at low
elevation in volcanic substrates between the towns of Clayton and Challis. Vouchers JJI 2453,
5265.
Thlaspi idahoense var. aileeniae (Brassicaceae) was found on open slopes composed of soil and
gravel in foothills and middle elevations west of Stanley. A 1988 Idaho Fish and Game report
indicates that this taxon grades morphologically and ecologically with its congener, Thlaspi
fendleri var. idahoense (recorded in the checklist as Noccaea fendleri ssp. idahoensis) and is
subject to taxonomic confusion (Moseley 1988). I concur with this opinion. Ihsan Al-Shebhaz, a
premier expert on the Brassicaceae, has combined both taxa into Noccaea fendleri ssp.
idahoensis (FNA 1993+). Thus, it is my recommendation that INPS, IDFG, and the Forest
Service re-evaluate management of this taxon using the updated nomenclature. Vouchers JJI
3876, 3977.
Polemonium elusum (Polemoniaceae) was a previously undescribed species that I discovered in
June of 2010 growing in a few drainages and mountain foothills between Salmon and Challis.

40
Ron Hartman and I published the new species shortly thereafter (Irwin et al., 2012) in
collaboration with Rebecca Stubbs, a student at San Francisco State University. P. elusum is not
presently a Forest Service Sensitive species, but was given a conservation ranking of S1 at the
2014 Idaho Rare Plant Conference. This rank represents the highest vulnerability for a taxon and
is a reflection of the small population size, narrow distribution, and potential impacts from
disturbances. A key question regarding the fate of this species is whether the species range is
expanding, contracting, or stable. At one location where cattle were actively grazing, I found
plants only in the shelter of Rosa woodsia crowns. In other areas where cattle may visit, I found
plants growing abundantly and unsheltered. Herbivory of flower petals was observed by an
unknown species of beetle at several locations as well.
Molecular analysis suggests that P. elusum belongs to a clade including P. pauciflorum,
P. mexicanum, P. carneum, and P. grandiflorum (Irwin et al., 2012), none of which approach the
area geographally. Thus, sympatric congeners found in central Idaho are only distantly related.
A key feature not found in other Polemonium is the whitish scarious connective
membranes between calyx lobes (Fig 10). The combination of white to bluish-white corolla and
rather long (4-28 mm) two-parted pinnae provide further distinguish it. The leaf structure has the
appearance of being whorled, a trait similar to P. viscosum, but leaflets are long like that of P.
occidetale (Fig. 11). P. elusum occupies a wide variety of montane habitats ranging from
sagebrush gullies, to high elevation rock outcrops or Douglas-fir.
Introduced and Noxious Taxa
Introduced species compose a relatively small proportion (8.6%) of the overall flora.
Included here are state designated noxious weeds, horticultural escapees, deliberately planted
introduced species for restoration purposes, and unmanaged ruderale taxa (Table 6). Idaho

41
further classifies noxious weeds according to management priority. From highest to lowest, these
priorities include Early Detection Rapid Response, Control, and Containment. Three taxa found
in the region are on the control list and 9 are on the containment list.
Several additional noxious weeds are reported for the region but no populations were
found, particularly Cardaria draba (L.) Desv, Chondrilla juncea L., and Acroptilon repens (L.)
DC. The only noxious weed that has dispersed greatly beyond transportation corridors is
Centaurea stoebe spp. micranthos but its distribution is largely confined to Lemhi County.
Cirsium arvense is widespread in the region but confined to mesic to moist habitats in grazed
areas and along forest roads.
Downstream of the town of Salmon, in the Salmon River Canyon, there are numerous
abandoned settlements that appear to have been established during the gold rushes of the late
1800s (ISHS 1965). These settlements, sometimes with no more than a foundation remaining,
Table 6. Categories of introduced species and a summary of the number of collections for
each noxious taxon.

42
host several ornamental and agricultural plants that are self-sustaining, yet apparently not
spreading. Instead of an invasion threat, these taxa simply contribute to the overall diversity of
the canyon. The most common species that settlers and placer miners appear to have planted
include Malus pumila (apple) and Syringa vulgaris (lilac). An unmaintained population of
Sorbaria sorbifolia (false spiraea), was found at the historic guard station of Indianolaand this
isthe first record of occurrence for Idaho.
Several other species were located which are native to North America but not to east-
central Idaho and these are included in the introduced category. It appears that state and federal
project managers chose species for restoration that were either readily available (Dalea
purpurea, Atriplex canescens) or have ornamental value (Penstemon eatonii, Penstemon
palmeri). The occurrence of Dalea purpurea along State Route 22, south of the Lemhi Range is
the first record for Idaho to be documented in herbaria. Using convenient species for restoration
is now discouraged in favor more regionally-sourced natives (Lesica & Allendorf 1999).
Many introduced species cause relatively small ecological impacts (Ricciardi & Cohen
2007). For genetic and ecological reasons, some introduced species may become invasive after a
prolonged period, referred to as a lag phase in invasion ecology (Theoharides & Dukes 2007).
Eighty-six introduced taxa were documented in the region that are neither noxious, ornamentalor
restoration related. Some of these are understood to be of minimal threat, such as Taraxacum
officinale (dandelion) or Trifolium repens (white clover). Other taxa are worth monitoring
because they are beginning to cause impacts elsewhere in the U.S. (USDA 2014). Potentially
noxious species include Hypericum perforatum, Verbascum blattaria, Hesperis matronalis, and
Gypsophila paniculata.

43
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS
This inventory builds upon surveys led by Douglass Henderson from 1979-1992
(Henderson 1992). His inventory reported 976 species. We report an increase of 38% in the
documented flora. This increase is especially remarkable when considering the relatively low
percentage of introduced taxa and further suggests that the 1992 flora had significant ecological
gaps. Conversely, Henderson’s inventory indicates the discovery of eight novelties while this
project revealed only one. Most of the vouchers recorded between 1979 and 1992 appear to come
from along road corridors while most of the present work took place in remote locations. It is my
opinion that future botanical work be focused on the Frank-Church River of No Return
Wilderness or specific habitats, such as the alpine-subalpine ecotones. There are perhaps 20 to 40
historically documented taxa which we were not able to locate. I estimate there are another 20 to
40 undocumented taxa which represent further range extensions or novelties. Any undiscovered
novelties remaining in the region are likely to have a narrow geographic range or have cryptic
morphological differences.
Despite a long-term decline in biological collecting, floristic inventories provide an
invaluable contribution to science (Pyke & Ehrlich 2010). These inventories are well suited to
document the genetic and morphological diversity of taxa as well as their general distribution.
Such data provide a foundation for phylogenetic studies, conservation management, and invasive
species ecology (Särkinen et al., 2012, Shaffer et al., 1998, Crawford & Hoagland 2009). In this
project, I have improved the accuracy of specimen coordinates enabling more detailed species
distribution modeling than previously possible with herbarium specimens (Vítězslav & Šímová
2012). Inventories performed by the Rocky Mountain Herbarium since 1978 have added greatly
to our understanding of the Southern and Middle Rockies, but other portions of the American

44
West still require intensive survey. Furthermore, with the passage of time, previously inventoried
regions will require comprehensive updates.

45
CHAPTER V
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST
The Checklist is organized first by major plant group and then alphabetically by Family
and species. Collections data are also available online at: http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu.
Vegetation types were assigned using 8,499 specimens that received individual
vegetation codes in the field. There were 50 taxa for which no vegetation type was coded. For
these records, vegetation types were assigned by reviewing available habitats adjacent to the
collection locality and assigning the vegetation most likely associated with the taxon. There were
136 taxa collected from which habitats include a broad combination of all available types. In
most cases these taxa are found in 6 or more habitats and have been reclassified as ‘generalist’.
The key below explains additional data regarding each taxon. Each entry uses the following
syntax:
Symbols Taxon Authority (number of collections) county; elevation range; vegetation type(s).
County Abbreviations:
BL Blaine BU Butte CU Custer CL Clark
LE Lemhi
Vegetation Types:
alp Alpine mmj Mountain mahogany and juniper
asp Aspen forest ppf Ponderosa pine forest
dis Disturbed; roadside and rural rip Riparian
dff Douglas-fir forest roc Rockland and talus
gen Generalist sff Spruce-fir-whitebark forest
lpf Lodgepole pine forest ssm Shrub-steppe, mesic
mdw Montane meadow ssx Shrub-steppe, xeric
mgr Montane grassland wet Wetland
pnf Mesic pacific northwestern conifer forest

46
Symbols Preceeding Taxa:
^ Taxon of conservation concern
! Taxon not previously known from east-central Idaho
+ Endemic to Idaho
* Taxon introduced to east-central Idaho
x Putative hybrid
# Noxious weed
FERN ALLIES
Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense L. (33) LE, CU; 2939-8810'; wet, rip, dff, sff
Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton (6) LE; 3805-4872'; dis
Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun (9) LE, CU; 4345-7253'; wet, rip, ssx
Isoëtaceae
Isoëtes bolanderi Engelm. var. bolanderi (1) LE; 7409'; wet
Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodium annotinum L. (1) LE; 6725'; lpf
Ophioglossaceae
^! Botrychium crenulatum W. H. Wagner (1) CU; 7461'; rip
^ Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. (2) LE, CU; 7461-7880'; rip
^ Botrychium minganense Vict. (2) CU; 8031-8064'; wet, mdw
^ Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. var. simplex (1) LE; 6083'; rip
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella densa Rydb.
(6)
LE, CU; 3800-10117'; ssx, roc, mgr,
alp
Selaginella wallacei Hieron.
(12)
LE; 2939-4488'; wet, rip, mgr,
ppf
Selaginella watsonii Underw.
(5)
LE, CU; 6074-10494'; mdw,
alp
FERNS
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pubescens Underw. (3) LE; 3987-4534';
Dryopteridaceae
Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Clairv. var. americanum Butters (1) LE; 7548'; roc
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mert. var. californicum Butters (3) LE; 3317'; rip
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (19) BU, LE, CU; 3296-9989'; gen
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (3) LE; 3189-4818'; rip, pnf
Polystichum kruckebergii W. H. Wagner (1) CU; 9088'; roc
Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth (3) LE, CU; 5057-10196'; rip, roc, alp
Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton (13) BU, LE, CU; 2939-9368'; gen
Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton (33) LE, CU; 3282-10343'; rip, roc, ppf, lpf, dff, alp
Pteridaceae

47
Cheilanthes feei T. Moore (6) BU, LE, CU; 5924-7494'; , roc
Cheilanthes gracillima D. C. Eaton (1) CU; 8413'; roc
Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. (14) LE, CU; 3282-10343'; roc, mdw, alp
Pellaea breweri D. C. Eaton (6) LE, CU; 8471-9487'; roc
GYMNOSPERMS
Cupressaceae
Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh (34) CL, BU, LE, CU; 5932-9692'; gen
Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little (6) BU; 5136-5519'; moj, mgr
Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (19) BU, LE, CU; 3901-8425'; rip, ssm, ssx, roc, mgr, dff
Pinaceae
Abies bifolia A. Murray bis (15) BU, LE, CU; 5164-9508'; wet, lpf, sff
! Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. (1) LE; 4804'; pnf
Larix lyallii Parl. (2) LE; 7954-7990'; mdw, sff
Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. var. engelmannii (26) LE, CU; 4744-9361'; gen
^ Pinus albicaulis Engelm. (31) BU, LE, CU; 5666-10396'; wet, roc, mgr, dff, sff
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. (31) LE, CU; 4844-9353'; gen
Pinus flexilis E. James (10) BU, LE, CU; 4598-9919'; ssx, mgr, dff, sff
Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson & P. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.
(7)
LE; 3183-5885';
ssm, mgr, ppf, dff, lpf
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
(52)
BL, BU, LE, CU;
3336-9231'; gen
ANGIOSPERMS
Adoxaceae
Sambucus racemosa L. var. melanocarpa (A. Gray) McMinn
(13)
BL, LE, CU; 3570-
8810'; rip, roc, mdw, ssm,dff
Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa (3) LE; 3983-4783'; dis, wet, dff
Alliaceae
Allium acuminatum Hook. (6) BU, LE, CU; 5384-7569'; ssx
Allium brandegeei S. Watson (4) LE, CU; 6551-9936'; , roc, mdw, ssx
Allium brevistylum S. Watson (16) BL, LE, CU; 6051-10343'; gen
Allium cernuum Roth var. cernuum (10) LE, CU; 4872-8071'; ssm, ssx, lpf, dff
Allium geyeri S. Watson var. tenerum M. E. Jones
(5)
BL, LE, CU; 6476-8320'; wet, rip,
mdw
Allium simillimum L. F. Hend. (9) BL, LE, CU; 6795-11133'; , roc, mdw, ssx,ssf, alp
Allium textile A. Nelson & J. F Macbr.
(32)
CL, BU, LE, CU; 4041-8206'; ssm, ssx, mgr,
alp
Allium tolmiei Baker var. tolmiei (5) LE, CU; 4133-8202'; ssm, mgr, dff
Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. (6) LE; 2939-4624'; mgr, ppf, dff
Amaranthaceae
* Amaranthus albus L. (1) BU; 5823'; dis
* Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson (1) LE; 3585'; dis

48
* Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens (1) CU; 4736'; ssx
Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Frém.) S. Watson (13) BU, LE, CU; 4041-7248'; ssx
Atriplex gardneri (Moq.) D. Dietr. var. falcata (M. E. Jones) S. L. Welsh
(6)
BU, LE;
4041-6475'; ssx
* Chenopodium album L. var. album (3) CU; 6287-7188'; dis, wet
Chenopodium atrovirens Rydb. (2) CU; 7469'; dis
Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi (5) LE; 6176-7731'; dff
Chenopodium fremontii S. Watson (5) BU, LE, CU; 6606-8543'; dis, dff
Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Watson (2) BU, CU; 5144-5384'; ssx
Chenopodium rubrum L. (1) LE; 6824'; dff
* Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (3) LE; 2857-4570'; wet, rip
Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. (11) BU, LE, CU; 4597-7658'; ssx
* Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C. A. Mey. (1) CL; 5689'; dis
* Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (6) LE, CU; 3412-6065'; dis, wet
Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A. Meeuse & A. Smit
(12)
BU, LE, CU; 3890-7139';
ssx, roc
Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene (7) LE, CU; 4263-7838'; dis, roc
Anacardiaceae
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene (3) LE; 3243-4277'; wet
Apiaceae
Angelica arguta Nutt. (7) LE, CU; 5057-8005'; wet, rip, mdw, lpf
Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville var. incisa (Torr.) Cronquist (1) LE; 3871'; rip
Bupleurum americanum J. M. Coult. & Rose (2) LE; 7080-9054'; ssm, ssx
Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J. M. Coult. & Rose (1) LE; 6475'; wet
Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Raf. (6) CU; 4888'; ssx
Cymopterus glaucus Nutt. (7) BL, LE, CU; 6484-9295'; ssx, roc, dff
^ Cymopterus hendersonii (J. M. Coult. & Rose) Cronquist (2) CU; 5648'; ssm, roc
^ Cymopterus ibapensis M.E.Jones (2) CU; 8731-9818'; roc
Cymopterus nivalis S. Watson (25) BU, LE, CU; 5571-10190'; ssm, ssx, roc, mgr, dff, alp
Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray var. foeniculaceus (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.
Gray) Cronquist (13) LE, CU; 3685-6636'; ssx, roc, mgr, dff
Heracleum maximum Bartr. (5) LE, CU; 4445-7880'; wet, rip
Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Watson (10) LE, CU; 6772-8841'; wet, mdw, lpf
Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) J. M. Coult. & Rose (2) LE; 6791'; ssx
Lomatium cusickii (S. Watson) J. M. Coult. & Rose (3) LE; 3987-4060'; mgr
Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias &
Constance (8) BU, LE, CU; 4866-6873'; roc, mgr, mgr
Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) J. M. Coult. & Rose var. macdougalii (J.M.Coult. &
Rose) Cronquist (17) CL, BU, LE, CU; 3820-9293'; , mgr,
^ Lomatium idahoense Mathias & Constance (5) CU; 6813-9291'; ssx, roc, mdw, ssf, lpf
Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) J. M. Coult. & Rose (1) CU; 6439'; ssm
Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) J. M. Coult. & Rose ssp. platycarpum (Torr.) Cronquist
(15)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 4866-7554'; ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw, ssf
Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) J. M. Coult. & Rose var. triternatum (6) LE, CU; 4103-

49
6518'; rip, ssx, mgr, dff
Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (1) CU; 5666'; wet
Osmorhiza chilensis Hook. & Arn. (8) BL, LE, CU; 3336-7809'; rip, ppf, lpf, dff
Osmorhiza depauperata Phil. (6) LE, CU; 5057-9131'; wet, rip, sff
Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Torr.
(4)
BL, LE, CU; 5057-7594'; rip,
mdw
Perideridia montana (Blank.) Dorn (3) LE; 5495-6345'; ssm, mdw, lpf
Apocynaceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium L. (4) LE, CU; 3936-8177'; ssm, roc
Apocynum cannabinum L. (2) LE; 3412-4637'; dis
Asclepias speciosa Torr. (2) BU, LE; 3559-4882'; wet, mgr
Araceae
Lemna minor L. (2) LE, CU; 5339-7751'; wet
Asparagaceae
*! Asparagus officinalis L. (1) LE; 4637'; ssm
Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link var. amplexicaule (Nutt.) Dorn
(25)
BL, LE, CU;
2939-7137'; rip, ssm, pnf, ppf, dff
Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link (31) BU, LE, CU; 3262-8064'; gen
Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium L. (65) CL, LE, CU; 3101-10196'; gen
! Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. (1) LE; 3987'; ppf
Ageratina occidentalis (Hook.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (2) CU; 8633-9231'; roc
Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene var. aurantiaca
(13)
LE, CU; 4844-9651'; ssm, mdw,
sff, lpf
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. dasycephala (Torr. & A. Gray) Jeps.
(13)
BL, LE, CU;
6809-9712'; ssx, mdw, sff, dff
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. glauca (9) LE, CU; 3463-8868'; rip, ssm, mgr, mdw, dff
^ Agoseris lackschewitzii D. M. Hend. & R. Moseley (1) LE; 7614'; mdw
Agoseris parviflora (Nutt.) D. Dietrich
(19)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 3980-7558'; dis, ssm, ssx,
mgr, ppf
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. (9) LE, CU; 4190-8811'; dis, rip, ppf, lpf, dff
Antennaria anaphaloides Rydb. (19) LE, CU; 4460-9651'; ssm, mgr, mdw, sff, lpf, dff
Antennaria corymbosa E. E. Nelson (9) LE, CU; 6588-10272'; dis, wet, ssm, lpf, alp
Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray
(23)
BU, LE, CU; 3101-8800'; , mgr, mdw,
mgr,
Antennaria lanata (Hook.) Greene (2) LE; 8806-9353'; mdw, sff
Antennaria media Greene (7) LE, CU; 8681-10360'; wet, roc, mdw, alp
Antennaria microphylla Rydb. var. majus Hook. (32) BU, LE, CU; 3463-9068'; gen
Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. (10) LE; 3684-4656'; ssx, ppf, dff
Antennaria pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene (1) CU; 8868'; mdw
Antennaria racemosa Hook. (24) LE, CU; 3987-8320'; gen
Antennaria rosea Greene (78) BU, LE, CU; 3800-10178'; gen
Antennaria umbrinella Rydb. (10) LE, CU; 8325-10494'; roc, mdw, alp
* Anthemis cotula L. (4) LE, CU; 4872-7160'; dis

50
Arnica chamissonis Less. (3) LE; 6642-7473'; wet, mdw
Arnica cordifolia Hook. (49) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3499-8941'; gen
Arnica fulgens Pursh (2) LE; 4440-6108'; ssm, mgr
Arnica gracilis Rydb. (4) LE, CU; 5746-7425'; roc, mgr
Arnica latifolia Bong. (12) LE, CU; 7076-9508'; ssf, lpf
Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton (8) LE, CU; 6176-9145'; gen
Arnica mollis Hook. (12) LE, CU; 6593-10093'; gen
Arnica ovata Greene (7) LE, CU; 6533-10343'; roc, sff, alp
Arnica rydbergii Greene (1) LE; 9354'; lpf
Arnica sororia Greene (15) LE, CU; 3463-8841'; ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw
* Artemisia annua L. (1) CU; 5695'; dis
Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ssp. thermopola A. A. Beetle (2) BU, LE; 4780-5500';
Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. var. arbuscula (11) BU, LE, CU; 6313-8543'; ssm, ssx
Artemisia cana Pursh var. viscidula Osterh. (3) LE, CU; 7464-8066'; wet, ssm
Artemisia dracunculus L. (2) BU, CU; 6782-6983'; dff
Artemisia frigida Willd. (4) LE, CU; 5924-7838'; ssx, roc
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. incompta (Nutt.) Cronquist
(9)
LE, CU; 6070-9416'; ssx,
roc, mdw, lpf
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. latiloba Nutt. (9) BU, LE, CU; 3541-8964'; gen
Artemisia michauxiana Besser (7) LE, CU; 3412-8412'; roc, sff, dff
Artemisia nova A. Nelson (7) LE, CU; 6399-6446'; ssx
! Artemisia spiciformis Osterh. (2) CU; 8306-9284'; ssm
Artemisia spinescens D. C. Eaton (8) LE, CU; 4041-6128'; ssx
Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. tridentata (38) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3183-9651'; gen
Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. vaseyana (Rydb.) B. Boivin
(9)
LE, CU; 5290-9365'; ssm,
ssx
Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. wyomingensis (Beetle & Young) S. L. Welsh
(7)
BU, CU;
5136-9011'; ssx, mgr, lpf
Artemisia tripartita Rydb. var. tripartita (5) LE, CU; 3980-5591'; ssx
x Balsamorhiza ×tomentosa Rydb. (2) LE; 4289'; ppf
! Balsamorhiza hispidula Sharp (2) BU, LE; 4027-6454'; ssx, mgr
x! Balsamorhiza hispidula Sharp ×sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. (2) BU, LE; 4027-6454'; mgr
Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. (4) LE; 4120-4639'; mgr, ppf
Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. (50) BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-9651'; gen
Bidens cernua L. (1) BU; 5164'; wet
Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. (3) BU, LE, CU; 4934-8633'; dis, roc
*# Carduus nutans L. (3) LE, CU; 5900-7152'; dis
*#
Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S. G. Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek
(12)
LE, CU; 3412-
6983'; dis, rip, ssx, mdw
Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. var. alpina A. Gray
(6)
LE, CU; 9231-10181';
roc, alp
Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. var. douglasii
(21)
BU, LE, CU; 3688-7852';
ssx, roc, mgr, lpf
+ Chaenactis evermannii Greene (4) CU; 6901-8292'; roc, lpf, dff

51
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. var. lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene
(3)
CU; 6983-
8294'; ssm, ssx
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. var. puberulus (D. C. Eaton) Jeps.
(5)
LE, CU;
6979-7610'; ssx
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. var. viscidiflorus (2) BU, CU; 6065-6680'; ssx
*# Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (8) BU, LE, CU; 4714-8265'; dis, wet, rip, mdw
Cirsium cymosum (Greene) J. T. Howell var. canovirens (Rydb.) D. J. Keil
(6)
LE, CU;
6692-8846'; ssm, ssx, roc, dff
Cirsium eatonii (A. Gray) B. L. Rob. var. murdockii S. L. Welsh
(7)
LE, CU; 5799-8950';
gen
Cirsium inamoenum (Greene) D. J. Keil var. inamoenum
(24)
BU, LE, CU; 3685-9764';
gen
Cirsium scariosum Nutt. var. scariosum (12) LE, CU; 6051-10343'; gen
Cirsium scariosum Nutt. var. thorneae S.L. Welsh (2) LE; 6471-7431'; wet, mdw
* Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (2) BU, LE; 4872-5164'; wet
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (3) LE; 3412-3948'; dis, mgr
Crepis acuminata Nutt. (18) BU, LE, CU; 4409-9365'; ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw, asp, dff
Crepis atribarba A. Heller (17) LE, CU; 3823-9073'; ssm, ssx, roc, mgr, ppf, dff
Crepis intermedia A. Gray (5) BU, LE; 6659-7247'; ssx, dff
Crepis modocensis Greene var. modocensis
(41)
BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 3877-9412'; ssm,
ssx, mgr
Crepis nana Richardson (4) CU; 9878-10912'; roc, alp
Crepis occidentalis Nutt. var. costata A. Gray (9) LE, CU; 3877-7227'; ssx
Crepis runcinata (E. James) Torr. & A. Gray var. glauca (Nutt.) B. Boivin
(2)
LE, CU;
6287-6473'; wet
Crepis runcinata (E. James) Torr. & A. Gray var. runcinata (2) CU; 5606-6289'; wet
Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. (1) BU; 5322'; ssx
Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens (8) BU, LE, CU; 6450-9175'; dis, ssx, mgr
Enceliopsis nudicaulis (A. Gray) A. Nelson (7) LE, CU; 4837-6080'; ssx, roc
Ericameria greenei (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom (2) CU; 6398-9651'; ssm, ssx
Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird var. graveolens (Nutt.)
Reveal & Schuyler (4) CU; 7469-8846'; ssm, ssx
Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird var. nauseosa
(2)
CU;
5258-6398'; ssx
Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird var. oreophila (A.
Nelson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird (1) CU; 7162'; ssx
+
Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird var. salmonensis (L.C.Anderson)
G.L.Nesom & G.I.Baird (1) CU; 7530'; lpf
Ericameria suffruticosa (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom (14) LE, CU; 8236-10099'; ssx, roc, sff, alp
Erigeron asperugineus (D. C. Eaton) A. Gray
(10)
LE, CU; 8488-9917'; roc, mdw, sff, dff,
alp
Erigeron bloomeri A. Gray var. bloomeri (7) CU; 6123-9412'; ssx, roc, dff
Erigeron caespitosus Nutt. (11) BU, LE, CU; 3189-9710'; dis, ssx, roc, mgr, dff
Erigeron compositus Pursh (53) BU, LE, CU; 3877-11587'; gen
Erigeron corymbosus Nutt. (6) BU, LE, CU; 6176-7622'; ssm, ssx, mdw

52
Erigeron coulteri Porter (8) LE, CU; 6593-9145'; wet, rip, sff, lpf, dff
Erigeron divergens Torr. & A. Gray (3) LE; 2850'; roc
Erigeron eatonii A. Gray var. eatonii (1) LE; 5932'; rip
Erigeron eatonii A. Gray var. villosus (Cronquist) Cronquist
(5)
LE, CU; 6617-8941'; ssx,
mgr, mdw
Erigeron evermannii Rydb. (2) CU; 8732-9492'; roc
Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt. var. filifolius (1) BU; 5319'; mgr
Erigeron glabellus Nutt. var. glabellus (1) CU; 6428'; rip
Erigeron glacialis (Nutt.) A. Nelson var. glacialis
(24)
LE, CU; 4872-10093'; wet, mdw,
sff, lpf, alp
Erigeron gracilis Rydb. (2) LE, CU; 8941-9684'; ssm
Erigeron grandiflorus Hook. (5) LE, CU; 8993-11025'; roc, mdw, alp
Erigeron leiomerus A. Gray (1) BU; 10781'; alp
Erigeron linearis (Hook.) Piper (11) CU; 5645-9104'; ssx, roc, lpf
Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook. (8) LE, CU; 5932-8031'; wet, rip, ssx, mdw, asp
Erigeron nivalis Nutt. (7) LE, CU; 6469-8677'; dis, rip, sff, dff
Erigeron pumilus Nutt. var. gracilior Cronquist
(44)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 3843-9170'; ssm,
ssx, mgr, dff
Erigeron pumilus Nutt. var. intermedius (Cronquist) Cronquist
(17)
BU, LE, CU; 3101-
7554'; ssm, ssx, mgr
^+
Erigeron salmonensis Brunsfeld & G.L.Nesom (2) LE; 3302-3568'; roc
Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. (14) LE, CU; 4844-9145'; rip, ssm, ssx, mdw, lpf
Erigeron subtrinervis Rydb. ex Porter & Britton (5) LE, CU; 5900-7800'; rip, lpf
Erigeron tweedyi Canby (8) BU, LE, CU; 5064-8206'; ssx, roc, alp
Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes var. integrifolium (Hook.) Smiley
(14)
BL, BU, LE,
CU; 5848-9487'; gen
Eucephalus elegans Nutt. (3) LE, CU; 6987-7494'; ssm, lpf
Eurybia integrifolia (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom
(10)
LE, CU; 6313-9284'; wet, rip, ssm, ssx,
mdw, lpf
Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. (2) BU; 5302-5936'; wet, rip
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (5) BU, LE, CU; 4570-6680'; dis, rip
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby (1) CL; 5689'; ssx
Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray (7) LE, CU; 5900-9073'; ssm, mdw, dff
* Helianthus annuus L. (4) BU, LE; 3412-5390'; dis, wet
Helianthus nuttallii Torr. & A. Gray ssp. nuttallii (3) LE; 4637-7804'; ssm, mdw
Hieracium albiflorum Hook. (10) LE, CU; 4844-8810'; sff, lpf
Hieracium scouleri Hook. (25) LE, CU; 4844-9077'; gen
Hieracium triste Willd. ex Spreng. (10) LE, CU; 7668-9487'; roc, mdw, sff, lpf
Hulsea algida A. Gray (12) BU, LE, CU; 7091-11133'; roc, alp
+
Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var. idahoensis B. L. Turner
(10)
LE, CU; 4447-6036'; ssx,
roc, mgr
Hymenoxys grandiflora (Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray) K. L. Parker
(2)
LE, CU; 9383-
9502'; roc, mdw
Ionactis alpina (Nutt.) Greene (25) LE, CU; 3817-7227'; ssm, ssx

53
Ionactis stenomeres (A. Gray) Greene (2) LE; 7359'; mdw
Iva axillaris Pursh (4) BU, CU; 4882-7622'; dis, wet,
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald (1) LE; 4193'; wet
* Lactuca serriola L. (3) LE; 3102-3947'; dis
*# Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (2) LE, CU; 3412-6112'; dff
Logfia arvensis (L.) Holub (5) LE; 3412-6673'; dis, ssx, mgr
Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray var. dianthopsis (Eaton) S.L.Welsh
(1)
BU; 5758'; ssx
Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook. (1) BU; 5346';
Madia glomerata Hook. (4) LE; 6285-7420'; dis, mdw
Malacothrix torreyi A. Gray (5) CU; 4858-5764'; ssx, roc
Matricaria discoidea DC. (9) LE; 3412-7800'; dis
Microseris nutans (Hook.) Sch. Bip. (9) BL, LE, CU; 6336-8331'; ssm, ssx, lpf, dff
* Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) G. Don (4) BU, LE, CU; 3802-7622'; dis, wet
Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene (1) CU; 6289'; wet
Nothocalais nigrescens (L. F. Hend.) A. Heller
(15)
BU, LE, CU; 5997-9912'; ssm, ssx,
mdw, alp
Nothocalais troximoides (A. Gray) Greene
(21)
LE, CU; 3183-7543'; ssm, ssx, mgr, ppf,
dff
Oreostemma alpigenum (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene var. haydenii (Porter) G. L. Nesom
(5)
CU; 8800-9951'; mdw, alp
Packera cana (Hook.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve (25) BU, LE, CU; 3964-10505'; gen
Packera cymbalaria (Pursh) Á. Löve & D. Löve (2) LE, CU; 7409-8324'; wet, mdw
Packera debilis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve (4) LE, CU; 5606-6475'; wet, rip
Packera dimorphophylla (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve var. paysonii (T. M. Barkley)
Trock & T. M. Barkley (4) LE, CU; 6027-9754'; rip, mdw, alp
Packera paupercula (Michx.) Á. Löve & D. Löve (2) LE; 6931-7498'; mdw
Packera pseudaurea (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve var. pseudaurea
(11)
LE, CU;
4844-7809'; wet, rip, lpf, dff
Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve
(15)
LE, CU; 6588-9077'; wet,
ssm, roc, mdw, lpf, dff
Packera subnuda (DC.) Trock & Barkley (6) LE, CU; 7631-10196'; wet, mdw
Packera werneriifolia (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve
(12)
BU, LE, CU; 7578-11129';
ssm, roc, dff, alp
Pleiacanthus spinosus (Nutt.) Rydb. (1) BU; 5390'; ssx
! Pseudognaphalium microcephalum (Nutt.) Anderb. (1) CU; 6901'; dff
! Pseudognaphalium viscosum (Kunth) W. A. Weber (1) LE; 5763'; ssx
Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. var. cusickii (A. Gray) Kartesz & Gandhi
(1)
LE; 6313';
ssx
Pyrrocoma integrifolia (Porter ex A. Gray) Greene (1) LE; 6457'; rip
Pyrrocoma uniflora (Hook.) Greene var. uniflora (9) LE, CU; 5610-8828'; wet, ssm, ssx
Saussurea americana D. C. Eaton (1) CU; 6778'; lpf
Senecio crassulus A. Gray (1) LE; 7650'; dis
Senecio fremontii Torr. & A. Gray var. fremontii (10) LE, CU; 9088-10543'; roc, alp

54
Senecio integerrimus Nutt. var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronquist
(61)
BL, CL, BU, LE, CU;
3800-9936'; gen
Senecio serra Hook. var. serra (10) LE, CU; 5900-8861'; wet, ssm, mdw, asp, dff
Senecio sphaerocephalus Greene (2) LE, CU; 7115-8915'; wet, rip
Senecio triangularis Hook. (24) LE, CU; 5939-9174'; wet, rip, mdw, sff
*! Senecio vulgaris L. (1) CU; 5905'; dis
Solidago canadensis L. (4) LE, CU; 3412-8210'; rip, ssm
Solidago gigantea Aiton (2) LE, CU; 4637-4714'; rip, ssm
Solidago missouriensis Nutt. (6) LE, CU; 3412-6176'; rip
Solidago multiradiata Aiton (30) LE, CU; 6331-10360'; gen
Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex (1) LE; 8236'; ssm
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (1) LE; 3802'; dis
Sphaeromeria argentea Nutt. (12) BU, LE, CU; 5179-7088'; ssx, roc
Sphaeromeria potentilloides (A. Gray) A. Heller var. nitrophila (Cronquist) A. H.
Holmgren, L. M. Shultz, & Lowrey (4) BU, LE, CU; 5648-8104'; ssx, alp
Stenotus acaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. (66) CL, BU, LE, CU; 3701-9923'; gen
Stenotus lanuginosus (A.Gray) Greene var. andersonii (Rydb.) C. A. Morse
(14)
LE, CU;
3684-9917'; gen
Stenotus lanuginosus (A. Gray) Greene var. lanuginosus
(4)
BL, LE, CU; 6074-9823'; ssx,
mdw, alp
Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Raf.) H. M. Hall (8) BU, LE, CU; 4570-7536'; dis, ssm, ssx, roc
Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) G. L. Nesom
(5)
BU, LE, CU; 5322-7469'; dis, rip,
ssx
Symphyotrichum campestre (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom (3) LE, CU; 6024-7622'; rip, ssm, ssx
Symphyotrichum eatonii (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom (2) LE; 3412-6027'; rip
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom var. pansum (S. F. Blake) G. L. Nesom
(1)
LE; 5863'; dis
Symphyotrichum foliaceum (DC.) G. L. Nesom var. canbyi (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom
(1)
CU;
7838'; ssx
Symphyotrichum foliaceum (DC.) G. L. Nesom var. parryi (D. C. Eaton) G. L. Nesom
(11)
LE, CU; 4844-7536'; wet, rip, mdw
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom
(4) BU, LE, CU; 5322-6809'; wet, ssx, lpf
Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindl.) G. L. Nesom var. spathulatum
(11)
BU, LE, CU;
4714-8732'; gen
* Tanacetum vulgare L. (2) LE; 3594-3802'; dis, rip
*
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser
(8)
LE, CU; 4100-9754'; dis, rip, ssm, ssx,
alp
* Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg. (14) LE, CU; 3890-10132'; gen
Taraxacum scopulorum (A. Gray) Rydb. (1) CU; 9445'; roc
Tetradymia canescens DC. (7) BU, LE, CU; 5319-7536'; ssm, ssx, mgr, sff
Tetradymia glabrata Torr. & A.Gray (1) LE; 4263'; ssx
Tetradymia spinosa Hook. & Arn. (1) CU; 4905'; ssx
Tonestus aberrans (A.Nelson) G.L.Nesom & D.R.Morgan (3) LE; 5117'; dis

55
Tonestus lyallii (A. Gray) A. Nelson (2) CU; 9803'; mdw
Townsendia florifer (Hook.) A. Gray (9) BU; 5136-6463'; ssx, mgr
Townsendia hookeri Beaman (2) LE; 6864-7454'; alp
Townsendia leptotes (A. Gray) Osterh. (3) CU; 9049-10338'; roc, sff, alp
Townsendia montana M. E. Jones (4) CU; 9049-9642'; roc, mdw,
Townsendia parryi D. C. Eaton (17) LE, CU; 6123-10291'; ssm, ssx, roc, sff, dff, alp
* Tragopogon dubius Scop. (27) BU, LE, CU; 3317-8236'; gen
* Tragopogon pratensis L. (4) LE; 3412-7580'; dff
Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. (5) BL, BU, LE, CU; 6379-6983'; wet, ssm, ssx, mdw
Wyethia helianthoides Nutt. (1) CU; 6712'; mdw
! Xanthium strumarium L. (2) BU, LE; 2857-5236'; wet
Balsaminaceae
! Impatiens aurella Rydb. (1) LE; 3871'; rip
! Impatiens ecalcarata Blank. (1) LE; 3802'; dis
Berberidaceae
Berberis aquifolium Pursh (6) LE, CU; 3364-7646'; dff
Berberis repens Lindl. (23) BL, LE, CU; 2939-7562'; ssm, roc, sff, pnf, lpf, dff
Betulaceae
Alnus incana (L.) Moench var. occidentalis (Dippel) C. L. Hitchc.
(9)
BL, LE, CU; 3336-
7650'; wet, rip, mdw, asp
Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. var. sinuata Regel
(15)
LE, CU; 3412-8268'; wet, rip,
ssm, sff, lpf
Betula glandulosa Michx. (7) CU; 6336-7586'; wet, rip, mdw, asp
Betula occidentalis Hook. (16) BU, LE, CU; 3412-7459'; wet, rip
Boraginaceae
Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr. var. menziesii
(3)
CL, LE, CU;
3039-6409'; dis, wet
* Asperugo procumbens L. (3) BL, LE; 3039-7594'; dis, ssx
Cryptantha affinis (A. Gray) Greene (7) LE, CU; 6372-7650'; dis, sff
Cryptantha ambigua (A. Gray) Greene (7) LE, CU; 4409-7469'; dis, ssx, mgr
^ Cryptantha celosioides (Eastw.) Payson (5) BU, LE, CU; 4445-6235'; dis, ssx, ppf
Cryptantha circumscissa (Hook. & Arn.) I. M. Johnst. var. circumscissa
(2)
CU; 4888-
5634'; ssx
Cryptantha gracilis Osterh. (2) BU; 5136'; mgr
Cryptantha humilis (A. Gray) Payson (4) BU, LE, CU; 5384-7557'; ssx
+ Cryptantha salmonensis Payson (3) LE, CU; 4450-6031'; ssx, roc
Cryptantha scoparia A. Nelson (1) BU; 5344'; dis
Cryptantha sobolifera Payson (15) BU, LE, CU; 4837-11133'; ssx, roc, mgr, alp
Cryptantha spiculifera (Piper) Payson
(37)
BU, LE, CU; 3628-7521'; dis, ssm, ssx, roc,
mgr
Cryptantha torreyana (A. Gray) Greene
(9)
BU, LE, CU; 5384-7838'; wet, ssx, roc, mdw,
dff
Cryptantha watsonii (A. Gray) Greene (10) LE, CU; 3536-7966'; dis, ssx, mgr, dff
*# Cynoglossum officinale L. (2) BU; 5302'; ssm

56
Eritrichum nanum (Vill.) Schrad. ex Gaudin var. elongatum (Rydb.) Cronquist
(3)
LE;
9433-10481'; roc, alp
Hackelia cinerea (Piper) I. M. Johnst. (17) LE, CU; 2939-6051'; gen
^+
Hackelia davisii Cronquist (3) LE; 3302-5506'; roc
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz var. americana (A. Gray) Fernald & I. M. Johnst.
(1)
CU; 7403'; roc
Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I. M. Johnst. (14) BL, BU, LE, CU; 4844-9365'; gen
Hackelia micrantha (Eastw.) J. L. Gentry (1) CU; 9194'; roc
Hackelia patens (Nutt.) I. M. Johnst. var. patens
(20)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 5939-9510'; ssx,
roc, mgr, sff, lpf, dff
Hesperochiron californicus (Benth.) S. Watson (1) CU; 5666'; wet
Hesperochiron pumilus (Griseb.) Porter (10) BL, LE, CU; 6336-7594'; ssm, mdw, lpf, dff
Hydrophyllum capitatum Douglas ex Benth. var. capitatum (17) LE, CU; 2939-9318'; gen
! Hydrophyllum fendleri (A. Gray) A. Heller var. fendleri (1) LE; 3262'; rip
Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) L. C. Higgins
(13)
BU,
LE, CU; 3773-6631'; dis, ssm, ssx, mgr
Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. occidentalis
(32)
BL, CL, BU, LE, CU;
2939-8425'; dis, wet, ssx, roc, mgr
* Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. (14) LE, CU; 5541-8222'; dis, ssx, mgr
Lithospermum ruderale Douglas ex Lehm.
(41)
CL, BU, LE, CU; 3684-9012'; ssm, ssx,
roc, mgr, ppf, dff
Mertensia ciliata (E. James ex Torr.) G. Don var. ciliata (35) BL, LE, CU; 5019-9651';
wet, rip, mdw, sff
! Mertensia longiflora Greene (1) LE; 5942'; dff
Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (28) BU, LE, CU; 3698-8543'; gen
Mertensia paniculata (Aiton) G. Don (3) BU, LE, CU; 6096-8064'; wet, rip
Mertensia viridis (A. Nelson) A. Nelson (17) BU, LE, CU; 6125-9784'; gen
Myosotis alpestris F. W. Schmidt (2) LE, CU; 9283-9383'; mdw, sff
Myosotis laxa Lehm. (1) LE; 4844'; dis
* Myosotis micrantha Pall. ex Lehm. (14) LE; 2939-5571'; wet, mgr, ppf, dff
Nama densum Lemmon var. parviflorum (Greenm.) C. L. Hitchc. (1) BU; 4800';
Nemophila breviflora A. Gray (6) BL, LE, CU; 7002-8320'; mdw, asp, ssm
Nemophila kirtleyi L. F. Hend. (12) LE; 2939-4586'; rip, roc, mgr, ssm
Pectocarya penicillata (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (1) LE; 5535'; dis
Phacelia franklinii (R. Br.) A. Gray (5) LE, CU; 7495-8882'; wet, rip, sff, dff
Phacelia glandulifera Piper (1) BU; 4800'; ssx
Phacelia glandulosa Nutt. var. glandulosa (1) CU; 5194'; roc
Phacelia hastata Douglas ex Lehm. var. hastata
(61)
BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 3101-11025';
gen
Phacelia heterophylla Pursh var. heterophylla
(19)
LE, CU; 3425-7878'; ssx, mgr, mdw,
mgr, dff
+ Phacelia idahoensis L.F.Hend. (1) CU; 6396'; lpf
Phacelia incana Brand (1) CU; 5764'; ssx
Phacelia leptosepala Rydb. (6) LE, CU; 5566-9175'; ssx, roc, mgr

57
Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holz. (37) LE, CU; 2939-7247'; gen
^ Phacelia lyallii (A. Gray) Rydb. (2) LE; 8826-9625'; roc
Phacelia sericea (Graham ex Hook.) A. Gray var. ciliosa Rydb. (1) LE; 8003'; ssx
Phacelia sericea (Graham ex Hook.) A. Gray var. sericea
(14)
BU, LE, CU; 5244-10481';
gen
Plagiobothrys leptocladus (Greene) I. M. Johnst. (1) CU; 6358'; wet
Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hook. & Arn.) I. M. Johnst. var. hispidulus (Greene) Dorn
(8)
LE,
CU; 6804-9538'; wet, ssm, mdw, sff
Brassicaceae
* Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. (2) LE; 5334'; ssx
* Alyssum desertorum Stapf (31) BU, LE, CU; 3800-7560'; dis, ssx, mgr, dff
Anelsonia eurycarpa (A. Gray) J. F. Macbr. & Payson
(7)
BU, LE, CU; 9592-11587'; roc,
alp
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. glabrata Torr. & A. Gray
(4)
BU, LE, CU; 6210-8013'; ssm,
ssx
Arabis nuttallii B. L. Rob. (1) LE; 7543'; ssm
* Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (1) LE; 7320'; dis
*# Berteroa incana (L.) DC. (4) LE; 3412-4872'; dis
Boechera collinsii (Fernald) Á. Löve & D. Löve
(20)
LE, CU; 3101-8229'; dis, ssm, ssx,
roc, mgr, ppf, lpf, dff
Boechera divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Á. Löve & D. Löve
(7)
BU, LE, CU; 5315-9073'; ssm,
mdw, lpf, dff
! Boechera drepanoloba (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz (2) LE, CU; 9754-9939'; roc, alp
Boechera holboellii (Hornem.) Á. Löve & D. Löve var. secunda (Howell) Dorn
(45)
BU,
LE, CU; 2939-9145'; gen
Boechera lemmonii (S. Watson) W. A. Weber var. lemmonii
(12)
LE, CU; 9194-11587';
roc, alp
Boechera lignifera (A. Nelson) W. A. Weber (8) BU, LE, CU; 5900-9840'; dff
Boechera lyallii (S. Watson) Dorn (1) CU; 8928'; roc
Boechera macounii (S. Watson) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
(5)
BU, LE, CU; 4460-8118';
ssx, mgr, dff
Boechera microphylla (Nutt.) Dorn (20) LE, CU; 2939-10093'; roc, mgr, ppf, dff, alp
Boechera pauciflora (Nutt.) Windham & Al-Shehbaz (17) LE, CU; 3189-9011'; gen
Boechera pendulocarpa (A. Nelson) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
(6)
LE, CU; 3890-9194';
ssx, roc, ppf
Boechera puberula (Nutt.) Dorn (4) LE, CU; 6222-7622'; ssm, ssx
Boechera saximontana (Rollins) Windham & Al-Shehbaz (4) LE, CU; 5138-9122'; ssm
Boechera sparsiflora (Nutt.) Dorn (6) LE, CU; 4460-8320'; ssx, sff
Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz (20) LE, CU; 5452-9878'; gen
Boechera suffrutescens (S. Watson) Dorn (3) CU; 9012-9291'; ssx, sff
* Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. (21) CL, BU, LE, CU; 3820-7247'; ssx, mgr, ppf
* Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (7) LE, CU; 3701-6949'; dis, rip
Cardamine breweri S. Watson (6) BU, LE, CU; 5469-7880'; wet, rip
Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. var. oligosperma (2) LE, CU; 5951-7033'; rip, roc

58
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (9) LE, CU; 5900-7650'; wet, rip, lpf
* Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. (13) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3800-7594'; dis, ssx, mgr
* Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. (2) LE, CU; 6031-7033'; rip, ssx
Descurainia incana (Bernh. ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Dorn
(28)
BU, LE, CU; 4100-9293';
gen
Descurainia longepedicellata (E. Fourn.) O. E. Schulz
(33)
CL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-7658';
gen
Descurainia nelsonii (Rydb.) Al-Shehbaz & Goodson
(9)
BU, LE, CU; 4460-8633'; rip,
ssx, mgr, ppf, dff
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton var. brachycarpa (Richardson) Fernald
(1)
BU;
6635'; ssx
* Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl (8) LE, CU; 3039-7096'; dis, wet, ssm
Draba albertina Greene (11) LE, CU; 5323-9068'; wet, sff, dff
Draba cana Rydb. (1) LE; 7880'; rip
Draba crassifolia Graham var. crassifolia (4) LE, CU; 8782-9912'; roc, mdw, lpf, alp
Draba densifolia Nutt. (10) BL, LE, CU; 6824-10873'; roc, dff, alp
^
Draba fladnizensis Wulf var. pattersonii (O. E. Schulz) Rollins
(2)
BU, CU; 6428-7426';
roc
^+
Draba hitchcockii Rollins (4) BU; 6769'; roc
Draba lonchocarpa Rydb. var. lonchocarpa (5) CU; 8928-12561'; roc, alp
Draba nemorosa L. var. nemorosa
(20)
BU, LE, CU; 2939-7779'; wet, rip, ssm, ssx, roc,
mgr
Draba oligosperma Hook. var. oligosperma
(15)
BU, LE, CU; 7545-10505'; ssm, ssx, roc,
sff, dff, alp
^+
Draba oreibata J.F.Macbr. & Payson var. oreibata (3) CU; 6374-9657'; roc, mgr
Draba paysonii J. F. Macbr. var. treleasii (O. E. Schulz) C. L. Hitchc.
(4)
LE, CU; 9624-
10494'; roc, alp
Draba praealta Greene (6) LE, CU; 7497-8848'; wet, rip, mdw, sff
Draba verna L. (1) LE; 2939'; rip
Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene var. capitatum
(2)
CU; 8413-10396';
mdw, alp
Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene var. purshii (T. Durand) Rollins
(18)
BU,
LE, CU; 5136-10543'; gen
* Erysimum cheiranthoides L. ssp. altum Ahti (2) CU; 7033-7177'; rip
Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMill.
(11)
LE, CU; 5244-9710'; rip, ssx, mgr, sff,
dff
Halimolobos virgata (Nutt.) O. E. Schulz (7) BU, LE, CU; 5331-7543'; rip, ssm, ssx, roc
*! Hesperis matronalis L. (1) LE; 3963'; wet
* Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. (2) LE; 3412-6176'; dis,
* Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. var. macrocarpum G. A. Mulligan (1) LE; 2850'; roc
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. var. pubicarpum (A. Nelson) Thell.
(5)
LE, CU; 3701-
5668'; wet, ssx
* Lepidium perfoliatum L. (15) BU, LE, CU; 3817-6427'; dis, ssx, mgr
Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson var. bourgeauanum (Thell.) Rollins (1) CU; 7199'; dis
Lepidium virginicum L. var. pubescens (Greene) Thell. (7) LE; 3412-6456'; dis

59
* Malcolmia africana (L.) R. Br. (9) BU, LE, CU; 3568-6949'; dis
* Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (6) BU, LE, CU; 5164-6475'; wet, mdw, asp
Noccaea fendleri (A. Gray) Holub ssp. idahoensis (Payson) Al-Shehbaz & M. Koch
(
4
)
LE, CU; 6208-9813'; , roc, mgr, ssm, sff
Noccaea montana (L.) F. K. Mey var. montana (1) LE; 5531'; ssx
Noccaea parviflora (A. Nelson) Holub (2) CU; 7586-7837'; rip, ssm
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt. (2) CU; 8915-9412'; ssx, roc
Physaria carinata (Rollins) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (1) LE; 6979'; roc, dff, sff
Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray var. didymocarpa (1) LE; 3628'; roc
^+
Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray var. lyrata C. L. Hitchc.
(2)
LE, CU; 6833-8601';
mgr, dff
Physaria geyeri (Hook.) A. Gray var. geyeri (5) LE; 3628-5064'; roc, ppf
+ Physaria geyeri (Hook.) A. Gray var. purpurea Rollins (2) LE, CU; 3820-6584'; ssx, roc
Physaria kingii (S. Watson) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. cobrensis (Rollins & E.A.Shaw)
O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (1) BU; 7740'; ssx
Physaria occidentalis (S. Watson) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. occidentalis
(6)
BL, CU;
6518-8438'; ssx, roc
Physaria pycnantha Grady & O'Kane (8) LE, CU; 5653-6737'; ssx, roc
Rorippa curvipes Greene (2) CU; 4714-7173'; dis, rip
Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey ex Britton (5) LE, CU; 6083-8320'; wet, rip
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser var. palustris (1) BU; 5302'; rip
^ Sandbergia perplexa (L.F.Hend.) Al-Shehbaz (15) LE; 3101-5885'; dis, ssx, mgr, ppf
* Sisymbrium altissimum L. (21) BU, LE, CU; 3412-7247'; dis, wet, ssm, ssx, mgr, ppf
Sisymbrium linifolium Nutt. (17) BU, LE, CU; 3701-6071'; ssm, ssx, mgr
* Sisymbrium loeselii L. (1) CU; 4888'; ssx
Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.) C. A. Mey. var. americana (Regel & Herd.) Drury
& Rollins (10) LE, CU; 9104-10505'; roc, sff, alp
Stanleya viridiflora Nutt. (4) BU, LE, CU; 4450-7772'; ssx, mgr
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. integrifolium (1) CU; 6287'; ssx
Thelypodium laciniatum (Hook.) Endl. ex Walp. (3) LE; 3559-3874'; mgr
Thelypodium milleflorum A. Nelson (2) BU; 5407'; ssx
^+
Thelypodium repandum Rollins (2) CU; 5648-6202'; ssx
Thelypodium sagittatum (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. sagittatum
(3)
CL, LE, CU; 5741-
8066'; wet, ssm, ssx
Thlaspi arvense L. (13) CL, LE, CU; 4460-8473'; wet, ssm, ppf, mgr, mdw, dff
^ Thlaspi idahoense Payson var. aileeniae (Rollins) Rollins (2) CU; 7095-8030'; roc, sff
Turritis glabra L. (22) LE, CU; 3336-8005'; gen
Cactaceae
Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (1) CU; 5533'; ssx
Opuntia polyacantha Haw. var. polyacantha (4) BU, LE, CU; 5390-6692'; ssx
Pediocactus simpsonii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose (20) LE, CU; 3800-7554'; ssx, mgr
Campanulaceae
Campanula parryi A. Gray var. idahoensis McVaugh (6) LE; 4844-9692'; roc
Campanula rotundifolia L. (3) LE; 5951-7080'; ssm, roc, lpf

60
Campanula scabrella Engelm. (3) LE; 7768-9119'; roc
! Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. (2) LE; 3536'; roc
Cannabaceae
*! Humulus lupulus L. var. lupuloides E. Small (1) LE; 3539'; rip
Caprifoliaceae
Linnaea borealis L. var. longiflora Torr. (4) LE; 4804-6331'; lpf, dff pnf
Lonicera caerulea L. var. cauriana (Fernald) B. Boivin (1) CU; 6667'; mdw
Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng. var. involucrata
(17)
LE, CU; 4804-
8064'; wet, rip, pnf, sff
Lonicera utahensis S. Watson (5) LE, CU; 4744-7469'; sff, lpf
! Plectritis macrocera Torr. & A. Gray (3) LE; 3189-4345'; wet, ssm, mgr
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S. F. Blake var. laevigatus (Fernald) S. F. Blake
(5)
LE; 3570-
6285'; dis, ppf, lpf
Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray var. utahensis (Rydb.) A. Nelson
(28)
BL, CL, LE,
CU; 3823-9365'; ssm, roc, mdw, lpf, dff, sff
Valeriana acutiloba Rydb. var. pubicarpa (Rydb.) Cronquist
(7)
BU, LE, CU; 5213-9510';
wet, dff, sff
Valeriana dioica L. var. sylvatica (Sol. ex Richardson) S. Watson
(18)
LE, CU; 4252-
10055'; roc, mdw, lpf, dff, sff
Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray var. edulis
(9)
LE, CU; 6358-8058'; wet, rip,
mdw
Valeriana occidentalis A. Heller (4) LE, CU; 6973-7954'; wet, dff, sff
Valeriana sitchensis Bong. (21) BL, LE, CU; 6027-9651'; wet, rip, mdw, lpf, dff, sff
Caryophyllaceae
* Arenaria serpyllifolia L. var. serpyllifolia (3) LE; 4103-4277'; wet, mgr
* Cerastium arvense L. var. arvense (8) LE, CU; 3302-9947'; gen
Cerastium beeringianum Cham. & Schltdl. (4) LE, CU; 8826-10932'; roc, mdw, alp
*
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
(3)
LE, CU; 6345-
7461'; wet, roc, mdw
Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans (14) LE, CU; 4345-8633'; dis, wet, ssm, dff, sff
Eremogone aculeata (S. Watson) Ikonn. (15) LE, CU; 7064-9846'; gen
Eremogone capillaris (Poir.) Fenzl var. americana (Maguire) R. L. Hartm. & Rabeler
(2)
LE, CU; 5571-6666'; mgr
Eremogone congesta (Nutt.) Ikonn. var. cephaloidea (Rydb.) R. L. Hartm. & Rabeler
(5)
LE, CU; 7320-10093'; sff, alp
Eremogone congesta (Nutt.) Ikonn. var. congesta
(12)
LE, CU; 6571-9913'; ssm, ssx, roc,
lpf, dff, sff
Eremogone congesta (Nutt.) Ikonn. var. lithophila (Rydb.) Dorn
(31)
LE, CU; 3570-9878';
gen
Eremogone franklinii (Douglas ex Hook.) R.L.Hartm. & Rabeler
(4)
BU; 4900-5300'; ssx,
moj
! Eremogone hookeri (Nutt.) W. A. Weber var. hookeri (1) CU; 5700'; roc
Eremogone kingii (S. Watson) Ikonn. var. glabrescens (S. Watson) Dorn
(44)
CL, BU, LE,
CU; 3980-8515'; , mgr, alp
*! Gypsophila paniculata L. (1) BU; 5322'; dis

61
* Holosteum umbellatum L. ssp. umbellatum (1) LE; 2939'; rip
Minuartia austromontana S. J. Wolf & Packer (1) LE; 10451'; alp
Minuartia nuttallii (Pax) Briq. var. nuttallii (21) BU, LE, CU; 6712-10494'; roc, dff, alp
Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House (10) LE, CU; 8866-10390'; roc, sff, alp
Minuartia rubella (Wahlenb.) Hiern (3) LE, CU; 7650-12561'; alp
Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl (6) LE, CU; 5323-6703'; wet, rip, mdw, asp, sff
Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Fenzl (7) LE, CU; 3296-7320'; wet, rip, dff, pnf
Pseudostellaria jamesiana (Torr.) W. A. Weber & R. L. Hartm.
(8)
BL, LE; 3262-7002';
rip, ssm, ppf, dff
*! Sagina procumbens L. (3) CU; 7461'; wet
Sagina saginoides (L.) H. Karst. (2) LE; 4844-5900'; dis
Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. (2) LE; 9801-10653'; roc, alp
Silene douglasii Hook. var. douglasii (7) LE, CU; 5951-9878'; ssm, roc, mdw
Silene drummondii Hook. (5) LE; 3412-7473'; mgr, dff
Silene latifolia Poir. (8) BU, LE, CU; 3708-7162'; dis, rip, mdw, asp, dff
Silene menziesii Hook. (23) BU, LE, CU; 3708-9445'; wet, rip, ppf, lpf, dff, sff, alp
Silene oregana S. Watson (2) LE; 4103-6285'; dis, mgr
Silene parryi (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. & Maguire (6) LE, CU; 7800-9939'; ssm, roc, mdw
Silene repens Patrin ex Pers. (6) CU; 6800-10196'; ssm, ssx, roc, alp
^ Silene scaposa B. L. Rob. (3) BU, LE; 5848-7949'; ssm, mdw
* Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (2) LE; 2857-3823'; wet, mgr
* Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl (10) LE, CU; 5535-8543'; dis, lpf
Stellaria borealis Bigelow var. borealis (1) LE; 5218'; dff
Stellaria crispa Cham. & Schltdl. (2) LE, CU; 7957-8810'; rip, sff
Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. (3) LE, CU; 4844-7008'; wet, dff
Stellaria longipes Goldie var. longipes (23) LE, CU; 5323-11025'; gen
Stellaria umbellata Turcz. (5) LE, CU; 7238-9297'; wet, mdw, asp, dff
Chenopodiaceae
* Salsola kali ssp. tragus (L.) Aellen (2) LE; 3412-4570';
Cleomaceae
Cleome serrulata Pursh (1) LE; 4450'; roc
^+
Cleomella hillmanii A.Nelson var. goodrichii (S.L.Welsh) P.K.Holmgren
(1)
LE; 4263';
roc
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. var. trachysperma (Torr. & A. Gray) H. H. Iltis
(1)
LE;
4570';
Clusiaceae
Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Schltdl. (1) CU; 6975'; wet
*! Hypericum perforatum L. (1) CU; 5969'; rip
Hypericum scouleri Hook. (1) LE; 8736'; roc
Convolvulaceae
*# Convolvulus arvensis L. (2) BU, CU; 5541-5909'; dis
Cornaceae
Cornus sericea L. var. sericea (26) BU, LE, CU; 2939-7027'; wet, rip, ssm, dff

62
Crassulaceae
^ Sedum borschii (R. T. Clausen) R. T. Clausen (4) LE; 3302-4200'; roc, mgr, ppf
Sedum debile S. Watson (6) LE, CU; 6469-9295'; roc, sff, dff
Sedum lanceolatum Torr. (43) BU, LE, CU; 4489-9923'; gen
^ Sedum rupicola G. N. Jones (2) LE; 3861-5244'; dff
Sedum stenopetalum Pursh (8) LE; 4245-7319'; ssm, ppf, lpf, dff
Crossosomataceae
Glossopetalon spinescens A. Gray var. aridum M. E. Jones
(12)
LE; 3101-4656'; rip, ssx,
roc, mgr
Cyperaceae
^ Carex abrupta Mack. (1) LE; 5799'; mdw
Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. var. aquatilis (18) LE, CU; 5323-8324'; wet, rip, mdw
Carex athrostachya Olney (1) LE; 5799'; mdw
Carex atrata L. (6) LE, CU; 6450-9936'; wet, rip, mdw
Carex aurea Nutt. (10) LE, CU; 6088-9012'; wet, rip, mdw
Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. (1) CU; 6784'; wet
Carex canescens L. var. canescens (9) LE, CU; 5323-8255'; wet, rip
Carex deweyana Schwein. var. deweyana (3) LE; 5323-6059'; wet, rip
! Carex diandra Schrank (2) LE, CU; 6473-7663'; wet
Carex disperma Dewey (17) LE, CU; 4280-8810'; gen
Carex douglasii Boott (11) BU, LE, CU; 2939-8222'; dis, ssm, ssx
Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey. (9) BU, LE, CU; 3890-7152'; dis, ssm, ssx, dff
Carex elynoides Holm (1) CU; 10338'; alp
Carex filifolia Nutt. (2) LE; 4460-5585'; mgr
Carex geyeri Boott (26) LE, CU; 3364-9508'; ssm, pnf, ppf, lpf, dff, sff
Carex haydeniana Olney (1) CU; 10072'; alp
Carex hoodii Boott (21) BL, LE, CU; 3703-9754'; gen
^ Carex idahoa L. H. Bailey (1) CU; 7586'; rip
Carex illota L. H. Bailey (5) LE, CU; 7631-9567'; wet, rip, mdw, sff
Carex interior L. H. Bailey (4) LE, CU; 6588-7631'; wet
Carex lanuginosa Michx. (6) LE, CU; 4872-7461'; wet, rip
Carex lenticularis Michx. var. lenticularis (3) LE, CU; 4872-6703'; wet, rip
Carex lenticularis Michx. var. pallida (Boott) Dorn (1) CU; 6772'; wet
Carex leporinella Mack. (1) LE; 8677';
! Carex limosa L. (2) LE, CU; 6939-7643'; wet
Carex luzulina Olney var. ablata (L. H. Bailey) F. J. Herm.
(6)
LE, CU; 6784-8848'; wet,
mdw, sff
! Carex luzulina Olney var. atropurpurea Dorn (1) LE; 8806'; wet
Carex microptera Mack. (44) BL, BU, LE, CU; 4624-9951'; gen
Carex multicostata Mack. (2) LE, CU; 7008-8320'; wet
Carex nardina Fr. var. hepburnii (W. Boott) Kük. (3) LE, CU; 9823-10451'; alp
Carex nebrascensis Dewey (8) CL, BU, LE, CU; 4872-7586'; wet, rip
Carex neurophora Mack. (4) LE, CU; 6593-7650'; wet, lpf

63
Carex nova L. H. Bailey var. nova (8) LE, CU; 7753-10360'; wet, roc, sff, alp
^! Carex occidentalis L. H. Bailey (1) LE; 6027'; rip
Carex pachystachya Cham. ex Steud. (2) LE, CU; 8003-8112'; sff
Carex paysonis Clokey (1) LE; 7809'; ssm
Carex petasata Dewey (11) LE, CU; 3980-8941'; ssm, mgr, mdw
Carex phaeocephala Piper (11) LE, CU; 5531-10093'; wet, rip, roc, mdw, alp
Carex praeceptorum Mack. (1) LE; 7631'; wet
Carex praegracilis W. Boott (3) CU; 6289-7837'; wet, rip
Carex praticola Rydb. (14) LE, CU; 3463-9283'; gen
Carex proposita Mack. (9) CU; 8928-10494'; wet, roc, alp
Carex raynoldsii Dewey (1) LE; 8320';
Carex retrorsa Schwein. (1) CU; 4714'; wet
Carex rossii Boott (13) LE, CU; 3701-9492'; mdw, lpf, sff
^ Carex rostrata Stokes (3) LE, CU; 6070-7643'; wet, rip
Carex scirpoidea Michx. var. pseudoscirpoidea (Rydb.) Cronquist (2) CU; 6358'; wet
Carex scirpoidea Michx. var. scirpoidea (1) LE; 6473'; ssx
Carex scopulorum T. Holm var. prionophylla (T. Holm) L. A. Standl.
(8)
LE, CU; 7388-
9564'; wet, rip, sff
Carex scopulorum T. Holm var. scopulorum (23) LE, CU; 6588-9989'; dis, wet, mdw, lpf
Carex siccata Dewey (1) LE; 5799'; mdw
Carex simulata Mack. (3) LE, CU; 6483-7586'; wet
Carex stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela (4) LE, CU; 6450-8915'; wet, rip, mdw
Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata (2) LE, CU; 4714-4844'; wet
^ Carex straminiformis L. H. Bailey (1) CU; 7850';
Carex subfusca W. Boott (2) LE; 5461'; wet
Carex subnigricans Stacey (3) LE, CU; 9368-9894'; roc, mdw, alp
Carex utriculata Boott (13) BL, LE, CU; 5323-8324'; wet, rip, mdw
Carex vallicola Dewey (8) LE, CU; 6088-8521'; wet, rip, mdw, ssm, dff
Carex vesicaria L. (18) LE, CU; 4714-7753'; wet, rip
Eleocharis macrostachya Britton (1) LE; 4570'; wet
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. (1) CU; 10343'; alp
! Eriophorum chamissonis C. A. Mey. (1) LE; 7643'; wet
^! Kobresia myosuroides (Vill.) Fiori & Paoli (1) CU; 9951'; alp
Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack. (1) CU; 7173'; rip
Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) Á. Löve & D. Löve var. acutus
(2)
BU, LE;
5164-6920'; wet
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K. C. Gmel.) Palla (3) LE, CU; 4277-6287'; wet
Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl (1) CU; 4714'; wet
Elaeagnaceae
* Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (3) BU, CU; 4714-5149'; dis, rip
Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. (14) LE, CU; 5064-8707'; ssm, mdw, asp, dff
Ericaceae
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (14) LE, CU; 4844-10311'; gen

64
Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) G. Don var. gracilis (Piper) C. L. Hitchc.
(3)
LE; 9353-
9648'; roc, mdw, sff
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. P. C. Barton var. occidentalis (Rydb.) S. F. Blake
(8)
LE,
CU; 4758-7067'; lpf, dff, pnf, sff
Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydb. (2) LE, CU; 7906-8413'; roc, mdw
Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) A. Heller (5) LE, CU; 7643-9989'; wet, mdw, sff
Ledum glandulosum Nutt. (23) LE, CU; 6784-10196'; gen
Menziesia ferruginea Sm. (5) LE; 5057-8255'; roc, sff
Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray (9) LE, CU; 5323-8064'; wet, sff
Orthilia secunda (L.) House (17) LE, CU; 4804-8255'; rip, pnf, lpf, dff, sff
x Phyllodoce ×intermedia (Hook.) Rydb. (2) LE, CU; 8681-9912'; rip, roc
Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sm.) D. Don (15) LE, CU; 7906-9989'; wet, mdw, sff
Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) Coville (9) LE, CU; 8030-9989'; wet, rip, roc, sff
Pterospora andromedea Nutt. (1) LE; 4082'; ppf
Pyrola asarifolia Michx. var. asarifolia (11) LE, CU; 4915-7586'; wet, rip, lpf, dff, sff
Pyrola chlorantha Sw. (4) LE, CU; 5191-7753'; lpf, dff
Pyrola minor L. (9) LE, CU; 5323-8255'; wet, rip, lpf, sff
Pyrola picta Sm. var. dentata (Sm.) Dorn (2) CU; 7302-7646'; lpf
Vaccinium cespitosum Michx. (4) LE, CU; 4844-6899'; lpf
Vaccinium membranaceum Douglas ex Torr. (8) LE; 3987-7668'; , ppf, lpf, dff, sff
Vaccinium myrtillus L. var. oreophilum (Rydb.) Dorn (1) LE; 6931'; lpf
Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg ex Coville (29) LE, CU; 5718-9353'; lpf, sff
Vaccinium uliginosum L. (4) CU; 6588-7037'; wet
Euphorbiaceae
Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small (4) LE; 3412-4570'; dis,
Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small (2) LE; 3921-4637'; wet, rip
*# Euphorbia esula L. var. esula (5) BU, LE, CU; 3890-6631'; ssm, roc
Fabaceae
Amorpha fruticosa L. (1) LE; 3235'; ppf
Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don (11) LE, CU; 5019-8543'; gen
Astragalus alpinus L. var. alpinus (19) LE, CU; 5315-10343'; gen
^+
Astragalus amblytropis Barneby (3) CU; 5521-6235'; ssx, roc
^+
Astragalus aquilonius (Barneby) Barneby (7) BU, CU; 5588-8431'; ssx, dff
Astragalus argophyllus Nutt. var. martinii M. E. Jones (1) LE; 6481'; mdw
Astragalus atropubescens J. M. Coult. & Fisher
(29)
BU, LE, CU; 3698-8204'; rip, ssm,
ssx, mgr, ppf, dff
Astragalus australis (L.) Lam. var. glabriusculus (Hook.) Isely
(6)
LE, CU; 8119-10426';
ssx, roc, alp
+
Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & A. Gray var. sulcatus Barneby
(10)
LE, CU; 3890-6420';
ssm, ssx
Astragalus calycosus Torr. ex S. Watson var. calycosus
(18)
BU, LE, CU; 4674-7200'; ssx,
roc, mgr
Astragalus canadensis L. var. brevidens (Gand.) Barneby (2) CU; 4683-7096'; wet
Astragalus cibarius E. Sheld. (13) CL, BU, LE, CU; 5939-6880'; ssm, ssx, mgr

65
! Astragalus cicer L. (2) BU, LE; 5309-6241'; dis
Astragalus convallarius Greene var. convallarius (4) LE, CU; 6521-7696'; ssx
^ Astragalus diversifolius A. Gray (2) LE, CU; 6287-6471'; wet
! Astragalus drummondii Douglas ex Hook. (1) CL; 6640'; ssm
Astragalus filipes Torr. ex A. Gray (11) BU, CU; 6454-8473'; ssm, ssx, mdw, asp
^ Astragalus gilviflorus E. Sheld. var. gilviflorus (1) LE; 6935'; dff
Astragalus kentrophyta A. Gray var. tegetarius (S. Watson) Dorn
(19)
BU, LE, CU; 8800-
11133'; gen
Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hook. var. salinus (Howell) Barneby
(9)
BU, LE, CU;
5064-7160'; dis, ssx, mgr
Astragalus miser Douglas var. crispatus (M.E.Jones) Cronquist
(7)
LE; 4100-7247'; ssm,
mgr
Astragalus miser Douglas var. hylophilus (Rydb.) Barneby
(7)
CL, LE, CU; 7160-8781';
ssm, dff
Astragalus miser Douglas var. tenuifolius (Nutt.) Barneby
(25)
CL, BU, LE, CU; 5762-
9073'; ssm, ssx, mdw, lpf, dff
Astragalus platytropis A. Gray (9) BU, LE, CU; 5775-8431'; ssx, roc, dff, alp
Astragalus purshii Douglas ex Hook. var. concinnus Barneby
(41)
BU, LE, CU; 3684-
7734'; ssx, mgr, ppf, alp
Astragalus purshii Douglas ex Hook. var. glareosus (Douglas ex Hook.) Barneby
(2)
LE;
3890-3911'; mgr
Astragalus purshii Douglas ex Hook. var. purshii (9) BU, LE, CU; 3851-6669'; ssx, mgr
Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) A. Gray var. minor (Hook.) Barneby
(4)
LE, CU; 5469-
7461'; rip
Astragalus scaphoides (M. E. Jones) Rydb. (3) LE; 3701-4300'; ppf
Astragalus terminalis S. Watson (4) BL, CU; 7449-9175'; ssx, roc, sff
Astragalus utahensis (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray (1) LE; 4780'; ssx
Astragalus whitneyi A. Gray var. sonneanus (Greene) Jeps. (3) CU; 6617-9618'; ssx, sff
*! Dalea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea (1) CL; 5114'; dis
Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh (3) LE, CU; 4637-5169'; dis, rip
Hedysarum boreale Nutt. var. boreale (2) CU; 6720-7966'; dis, wet
Hedysarum boreale Nutt. var. cinerascens (Rydb.) Rollins
(3)
LE, CU; 6983-9175'; ssm,
ssx, dff
! Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydb. (2) LE; 7364-8283'; ssx, sff
! Lathyrus laetivirens Greene ex Rydb. (1) BL; 6726'; ssm
* Lotus corniculatus L. (1) LE; 6859'; dis
Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl. (7) BL, LE, CU; 6409-8861'; , ssm, ssx, lpf, dff
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus (20) CL, BU, LE, CU; 5701-10196'; gen
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argophyllus (A. Gray) S. Watson
(7)
LE, CU; 6456-9846';
mdw, dff, alp
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. depressus (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc. (3) CU; 9823-11025'; alp
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S. Watson) Barneby (1) LE; 7388'; dis
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. holosericeus (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Barneby
(4)
BL,
CU; 6586-7805'; ssx, mdw, asp, dff

66
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. laxiflorus (Douglas ex Lindl.) Dorn
(4)
LE, CU; 3684-9618';
ssx, mgr, ppf
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. parviflorus (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) C. L. Hitchc.
(4)
LE,
CU; 7461-7809'; rip, mdw, lpf
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S. L. Welsh
(4)
LE, CU; 4498-7162';
rip, mdw, asp, ppf, lpf
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S. Watson) Barneby (3) LE; 6176-7296'; dff
Lupinus lepidus Douglas ex Lindl. var. utahensis (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc.
(7)
CU; 6887-
8861'; wet, rip, mdw, ssm, ssx, dff
Lupinus leucophyllus Douglas ex Lindl. (6) LE, CU; 5900-9445'; wet, ssx
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. burkei (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc.
(2)
LE; 6027-6276'; rip,
sff
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. humicola (A. Nelson) Barneby
(44)
CL, BU, LE, CU;
3800-9983'; rip, ssm, ssx, mgr, ppf, dff, alp
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. prunophilus (M. E. Jones) L. Ll. Phillips
(7)
LE, CU;
5549-7227'; ssm, ssx, roc
Lupinus pusillus Pursh var. intermontanus (A. Heller) C. P. Sm. (1) BU; 4800';
Lupinus sericeus Pursh (14) LE, CU; 4789-9077'; ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw, ppf, lpf, dff
Lupinus sulphureus Douglas ex Hook. (1) LE; 2850'; rip
* Medicago lupulina L. (8) LE, CU; 3820-7008'; dis, wet, ppf
* Medicago sativa L. (5) BU, LE, CU; 3820-6680'; dis, dff
* Melilotus albus Medik. (3) LE, CU; 3412-6070'; dis, rip
* Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (13) BU, LE, CU; 4277-7152'; dis, wet, ssm, ssx, mgr
! Oxytropis besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. var. argophylla (Rydb.) Barneby (1) CU; 5700'; roc
^+
Oxytropis besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. var. salmonensis Barneby
(6)
CU; 5589-9928'; ssx, roc,
mdw
Oxytropis borealis DC. var. viscida (Nutt.) S. L. Welsh
(7)
BU, LE, CU; 6427-8114'; wet,
rip, ssm, mdw, asp
Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. gracilis (A.Nelson) Barneby
(9)
LE, CU; 8114-10585';
roc, mdw, alp
Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. spicata Hook. (3) LE, CU; 8731-10181'; roc, sff, alp
Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC. var. deflexa (2) BU, CU; 9445-9840'; roc, alp
Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC. var. sericea Torr. & A. Gray (3) CU; 7461-7838'; rip, ssm
Oxytropis lagopus Nutt. var. lagopus (6) CL, LE, CU; 5741-8543'; wet, ssx, alp
Oxytropis parryi A. Gray (1) CU; 10478'; alp
Oxytropis sericea Nutt. var. sericea (2) BU, LE; 8523-9102'; sff
Thermopsis montana Nutt. var. montana (3) LE; 6450-7809'; rip, mdw
Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson var. ovata (B. L. Rob. ex
Piper) Isely
(6) CL, LE; 4280-7473'; wet, rip
Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt. var. gymnocarpon
(10)
BU, LE, CU; 3890-7152'; ssm, ssx,
mgr, dff
Trifolium haydenii Porter (2) LE; 8482-8521'; mdw, sff
* Trifolium hybridum L. (3) LE; 3412-6456'; dis, mdw
Trifolium latifolium (Hook.) Greene (5) LE; 3570-5254'; mgr, ppf, pnf, dff

67
+ Trifolium longipes Nutt. var. pedunculatum (Rydb.) Isely (1) CU; 8600'; wet
Trifolium longipes Nutt. var. reflexum A. Nelson (14) LE, CU; 5957-9297'; gen
* Trifolium pratense L. (8) LE, CU; 4844-7388'; dis, lpf, dff, sff
* Trifolium repens L. (16) LE, CU; 3983-7878'; dis, wet, sff
Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. var. americana (1) LE; 6031'; ssx
Gentianaceae
Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. albicaulis
(10)
LE; 3463-6313'; dis, ssx, mgr,
ppf, lpf
+ Frasera montana Mulford (1) CU; 6469'; ssm
Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Griseb.
(14)
LE, CU; 5224-9365'; ssm, roc, mgr, ppf, lpf,
dff, sff
Gentiana affinis Griseb. (8) LE, CU; 5495-8066'; wet, ssm, mgr, mdw, lpf
Gentiana calycosa Griseb. (3) CU; 6975-9564'; rip, mdw
Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner var. acuta (Michx.) Herder (8) LE, CU; 6585-9951'; gen
^ Gentianella propinqua (Richardson) J. M. Gillett var. propinqua (1) CU; 7463'; wet
Swertia perennis L. (6) CU; 6588-9894'; wet, rip, mdw, alp
Geraniaceae
* Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton (1) LE; 3890'; dis
! Geranium bicknellii Britton var. longipes (S. Watson) Fernald (1) LE; 2850'; rip
Geranium pusillum L. (1) LE; 4277'; wet
! Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. (1) LE; 7880'; rip
Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex C. A. Mey. var. incisum (Torr. & A.
Gray) N. H. Holmgren (12) BL, LE, CU; 3701-8053'; rip, ssm, mdw, asp, ppf, lpf, dff
Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex C. A. Mey. var. viscosissimum
(11)
LE,
CU; 5149-8841'; rip, ssm, mdw, ppf, lpf, dff
Grossulariaceae
Ribes aureum Pursh var. aureum (15) BU, LE, CU; 3800-7779'; rip, ssm, ssx
Ribes cereum Douglas (72) BU, LE, CU; 2939-9365'; gen
Ribes hudsonianum Richards. var. petiolare (Douglas) Jancz.
(25)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 3805-
8964'; wet, rip, dff
Ribes inerme Rydb. var. inerme (3) LE, CU; 4586-8732'; wet, rip
Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. (35) CL, LE, CU; 3282-8810'; gen
Ribes montigenum McClatchie
(14)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 6820-10008'; wet, mdw, sff, lpf, dff,
alp
Ribes oxyacanthoides L. ssp. irriguum (Douglas) Q.P.Sinnott (1) LE; 5213'; dff
Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. cognatum (Greene) Sinnott (2) LE; 3536-5057'; rip, mgr
Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. hendersonii (C. L. Hitchc.) P. K. Holmgren
(8)
LE, CU;
8928-10677'; roc, mdw, alp
Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. setosum (Lindl.) Dorn (21) BU, LE, CU; 3364-7837'; gen
Ribes velutinum Greene (10) LE; 2939-4371'; gen
Ribes viscosissimum Pursh (9) LE, CU; 4783-7822'; wet, dff, lpf, pnf, sff
Haloragaceae
! Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom. (3) CU; 7586-7920'; wet
! Myriophyllum verticillatum L. (2) LE, CU; 4714-6483'; wet, rip

68
Hyacinthaceae
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene var. utahensis (Gould) C. L. Hitchc.
(1)
CU; 6667';
mdw
Hydrangeaceae
Philadelphus lewisii Pursh (6) LE; 3423-6456'; rip, roc, ssx, dff
Hydrocharitaceae
Elodea canadensis Michx. (2) LE, CU; 3948-4714'; wet
Iridaceae
Iris missouriensis Nutt. (20) BU, LE, CU; 5019-8066'; gen
Sisyrinchium idahoense E. P. Bicknell var. occidentale (E. P. Bicknell) D. M. Hend.
(12)
BU, LE, CU; 5666-7463'; wet, rip
Juncaceae
Juncus arcticus Willd. var. balticus (Willd.) Trautv. (19) BU, LE, CU; 5348-8732'; gen
Juncus bufonius L. (1) LE; 4872'; dis
Juncus confusus Coville (1) LE; 5799'; mdw
Juncus drummondii E. Mey. (4) LE, CU; 7629-10360'; dis, wet, alp
Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. var. ensifolius (7) CL, LE; 4844-7753'; wet, rip, mdw
Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. var. montanus (Engelm.) C. L. Hitchc. (1) LE; 6024'; rip
! Juncus howellii F. J. Herm. (1) LE; 6483'; wet
Juncus longistylis Torr. (2) LE; 6920'; wet
Juncus mertensianus Bong. (13) LE, CU; 6027-10343'; gen
Juncus nevadensis S. Watson (2) LE, CU; 6887-7473'; wet
Juncus nodosus L. (1) CU; 4714'; rip
Juncus parryi Engelm. (14) LE, CU; 7666-10026'; roc, mdw, sff
Juncus regelii Buchenau (3) LE, CU; 6024-6784'; wet, rip
Juncus tenuis Willd. (3) LE; 2927-7629'; dis, wet
Juncus torreyi Coville (1) CU; 4714'; wet
Luzula comosa E. Mey. (4) LE, CU; 6588-7629'; dis, wet, lpf
Luzula hitchcockii Hämet-Ahti (4) LE; 7877-8682'; sff
Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. (27) LE, CU; 5323-9989'; wet, rip, lpf, dff, sff,
Luzula piperi (Coville) M. E. Jones (6) LE, CU; 6486-10072'; gen
Luzula spicata (L.) DC. (12) LE, CU; 8846-10360'; roc, mdw, alp
Juncaginaceae
Triglochin maritima L. (3) LE, CU; 6289-6457'; wet, rip
Lamiaceae
Agastache cusickii (Greenm.) A. Heller (5) LE, CU; 5564-9618'; roc
Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze var. urticifolia
(9)
LE, CU; 3541-8964'; wet, roc,
mdw, dff
Mentha arvensis L. (1) LE; 3412'; dis
Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata (W. P. C. Barton) Fernald (2) LE; 4844-6024'; rip
Scutellaria antirrhinoides Benth. (1) CU; 6469'; ssm
Scutellaria galericulata L. (1) LE; 3871'; rip
Stachys palustris L. var. pilosa (Nutt.) Fernald (1) CU; 4683'; wet

69
Liliaceae
Calochortus bruneaunis A. Nelson & J. F. Macb. (1) BU; 5454'; ssx
Calochortus elegans Pursh var. elegans (10) LE; 3698-8003'; ssm, ssx, mgr, ppf
Calochortus eurycarpus S. Watson (13) LE, CU; 6571-9487'; ssm, roc, mdw, dff
Calochortus macrocarpus Douglas var. macrocarpus (1) BU; 6782'; ssx
^ Calochortus nitidus Douglas (3) LE, CU; 7247-9011'; ssm
! Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex Shult. & Shult. f) Kunth (1) LE; 6015'; sff
Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh var. grandiflorum
(5)
LE; 4866-8730'; wet, mgr, mdw
dff, sff
Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. (11) BU, LE, CU; 3800-9077'; ssm, mgr, dff
Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. (3) LE; 3800-4525'; ssm
Lloydia serotina (L.) Rchb. var. serotina (3) CU; 9009-9642'; wet, mdw
! Prosartes trachycarpa S. Watson (5) LE; 3262-5389'; rip, ppf, dff
Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. (6) LE, CU; 3364-7668'; wet, rip
Limnanthaceae
Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. (2) LE; 7650-8320'; mdw
Linaceae
Linum lewisii Pursh var. lewisii (12) BU, LE, CU; 6623-9923'; dis,ssm, ssx , roc, dff, sff
Loasaceae
Mentzelia albicaulis (Douglas ex Hook.) Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray
(4)
BU, LE, CU;
3101-5589'; dis, mgr
Mentzelia dispersa S. Watson (4) LE; 4489-5900'; , roc, mgr
Mentzelia laevicaulis (Douglas ex Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray var. laevicaulis
(2)
LE, CU;
5589-6399'; ssx
Malvaceae
Iliamna rivularis (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene var. rivularis (1) LE; 6059'; rip
Malva neglecta Wallr. (1) LE; 3040'; dis
Sphaeralcea munroana (Douglas ex Lindl.) Spach. ex A. Gray
(6)
BU, CU; 4683-7248';
ssm, ssx
Melanthiaceae
Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray (1) LE; 7548'; roc
Trillium ovatum Pursh var. ovatum (2) LE; 4804-6276'; pnf, sff
! Veratrum californicum T. Durand (2) CU; 6872-9405'; wet, rip
Veratrum viride Aiton var. eschscholzianum (Roem. & Schult.) Breitung
(3)
LE, CU;
7091-8061'; sff
Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. (4) LE; 6456-8736'; mdw, sff
Zigadenus elegans Pursh (12) CU; 7961-10343'; wet, roc, mdw, sff, alp
Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Watson (2) BU, CU; 6210-6374'; ssm
Zigadenus venenosus S. Watson var. gramineus (Rydb.) O. S. Walsh ex M. Peck
(8)
LE,
CU; 4100-8306'; ssm, mgr, ppf
Zigadenus venenosus S. Watson var. venenosus (25) LE; 3183-7247'; rip, ssm, mgr, dff
Menyanthaceae
Menyanthes trifoliata L. (1) CU; 6939'; wet
Myrsinaceae

70
Glaux maritima L. (2) CU; 5606-6287'; wet, ssx
Nartheciaceae
Triantha occidentalis (S. Watson) R. R. Gates ssp. montana (C. L. Hitchc.) Packer
(2)
LE,
CU; 7409-8324'; wet, mdw
Nymphaeaceae
Nuphar polysepala Engelm. (3) LE, CU; 6580-7409'; wet
Oleaceae
*! Syringa vulgaris L. (2) LE; 3183-3638'; dis, wet
Onagraceae
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub var. angustifolium (19) LE, CU; 4844-9139'; gen
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub var. canescens (A. W. Wood) N. H. Holmgren & P.
K. Holmgren (2) LE; 3541-4872'; wet
Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub (3) CU; 7461-8788'; wet, roc
Chylismia scapoidea (Torr. & A. Gray) Small ssp. brachycarpa (P. H. Raven) W. L.
Wagner & Hoch (7) LE, CU; 4858-6202'; ssx, roc
Chylismiella pterosperma (S. Watson) W. L. Wagner & Hoch (1) BU; 4900'; mgr
Circaea alpina L. var. pacifica (Asch. & Magnus) M. E. Jones
(4)
LE; 4193-5865'; wet,
rip, dff, pnf
Clarkia rhomboidea Douglas ex Hook. (2) LE; 5761-5763'; , roc
Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. (2) CU; 9295-9951'; roc, alp
Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl (14) LE, CU; 4872-8265'; gen
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. var. ciliatum (18) LE, CU; 3412-8399'; wet, rip, mdw
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. var. glandulosum (Lehm.) Dorn (8) LE, CU; 6809-9538'; wet, dff
Epilobium clavatum Trel. (4) LE, CU; 9764-10669'; roc, alp
Epilobium glaberrimum Barbey var. fastigiatum (Nutt.) Trel. ex Jeps. (1) LE; 4915'; sff
Epilobium halleanum Hausskn. (9) LE, CU; 7033-9361'; wet, rip, mdw, sff
Epilobium hornemannii Rchb. var. hornemannii
(12)
LE, CU; 5939-9174'; wet, rip, mdw,
dff
Epilobium lactiflorum Hausskn. (5) LE, CU; 7142-8112'; wet, mdw, sff
Epilobium obcordatum A.Gray (1) CU; 9088'; roc
Epilobium saximontanum Hausskn. (7) LE, CU; 6024-8915'; wet, rip, mdw
Eremothera minor (A. Nelson) W. L. Wagner & Hoch (3) BU, CU; 5384-5764'; ssx
Gayophytum decipiens F. H. Lewis & Szweyk. (4) LE, CU; 7650-9563'; mdw
Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & A. Gray var. strictipes (Hook.) Dorn
(9)
LE, CU; 3536-
8011'; rip, ssx, roc, mdw, lpf
Gayophytum racemosum Torr. & A. Gray (1) LE; 7320'; dis
Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & A. Gray
(11)
LE, CU; 4888-9293'; ssm, ssx, lpf, dff,
sff
Oenothera cespitosa Nutt. var. cespitosa (45) BU, LE, CU; 3628-10272'; gen
Oenothera cespitosa Nutt. var. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz
(6)
BU, CU;
5348-6674'; ssx
! Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett (1) CL; 5741'; wet
Oenothera pallida Lindl. var. pallida (2) BU; 5412'; ssx
Oenothera villosa Thunb. var. strigosa (Rydb.) Dorn (4) BU, LE; 3412-5758'; dis, wet, ssx

71
Taraxia breviflora (Torr. & A. Gray) Nutt. ex Small (2) CU; 7668-8222'; dis, roc
Taraxia subacaulis (Pursh) Rydb. (3) BL, LE, CU; 5531-6476'; rip, ssm
Orchidaceae
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. occidentalis (Holz.) B. Boivin (1) LE; 4744'; sff
Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. occidentalis (Lindl.) Ames (1) LE; 5158'; dff
! Corallorhiza mertensiana Bong. (2) LE; 5566-7345'; lpf, dff
! Corallorhiza striata Lindl. var. striata (1) LE; 3336'; ppf
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. (2) CU; 7957-8064'; sff
^ Epipactis gigantea Douglas ex Hook. (1) LE; 4245'; wet
Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. (3) LE; 4804-6456'; dff, pnf
Listera borealis Morong (5) LE, CU; 4804-8112'; pnf, sff
Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. var. nephrophylla (Rydb.) Hultén
(4)
LE, CU; 5701-7643'; wet,
sff
Piperia unalascensis (Spreng.) Rydb. (3) LE; 5566-7388'; dff
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak (9) LE, CU; 4844-7591'; wet, rip, mdw, asp
Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L. C. Beck var. albiflora (Cham.) Ledeb.
(1)
CU;
8220'; sff
Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L. C. Beck var. dilatata
(15)
BU, LE, CU; 6024-
8455'; wet, rip, mdw, lpf, dff, sff,
Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L. C. Beck var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer
(3)
LE;
5158-7296'; rip, dff
Platanthera stricta Lindl. (12) LE, CU; 4915-8324'; wet, rip, mdw, dff, sff
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. (6) LE, CU; 6772-8151'; wet, mdw
Orobanchaceae
Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don var. angustifolia
(23)
BU, LE, CU; 3980-7105'; ssx,
alp
Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don var. dubia A. Nelson
(6)
LE, CU; 5718-6336'; ssm,
ssx, roc, mgr
Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don var. flavescens (Pennell ex Edwin) N.H.Holmgren
(6) LE, CU; 3890-6737'; ssx, mgrf
Castilleja applegatei Fernald var. pinetorum (Fernald) N. H. Holmgren
(2)
CU; 7581-
8732'; roc, lpf
Castilleja covilleana L. F. Hend. (6) LE, CU; 4252-9917'; ssx, roc, ppf, lpf, sff
Castilleja cusickii Greenm. (10) CU; 6759-9681'; wet, ssm, mdw
Castilleja flava S. Watson var. rustica (Piper) N. H. Holmgren
(30)
BL, CL, LE, CU;
3877-9878'; ssm, ssx, mgr, dff, sff
Castilleja hispida Benth. var. acuta (Pennell) Pennell ex M. Peck
(9)
BU, LE, CU; 4103-
9073'; mgr, mdw, ppf, dff, sff
Castilleja linariifolia Benth. (6) LE, CU; 7204-9009'; ssm, dff, sff
Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hook. var. miniata (35) LE, CU; 4844-9989'; gen
Castilleja pallescens (A. Gray) Greenm. var. inverta (A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr.) Edwin
(11) BU, LE; 4911-10268'; ssm, ssx, mgr, lpf, alp
Castilleja pallescens (A. Gray) Greenm. var. pallescens
(20)
LE, CU; 3698-8941'; ssx,
mgr, sff
Castilleja pilosa (S. Watson) Rydb. var. longispica (A. Nelson) N. H. Holmgren (3) CU;

72
6140-9068'; ssm, ssx, roc
Castilleja rhexifolia Rydb. (12) LE, CU; 7877-10196'; mdw, lpf, sff
Castilleja sulphurea Rydb. (1) CU; 6809'; rip
Castilleja viscidula A. Gray (1) CU; 9492'; roc
Cordylanthus ramosus Nutt. ex Benth. (4) BU, LE, CU; 5319-7139'; ssx, mgr
Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. (15) BU, LE, CU; 5454-9175'; ssm, ssx, lpf
Orobanche uniflora L. (1) LE; 4109'; ssm
Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. (4) LE; 6475-7406'; ssm, mdw
Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. var. siifolia (Rydb.) Cronquist
(4)
LE, CU; 5865-8392'; wet,
sff, dff
Pedicularis contorta Benth. var. contorta (11) LE, CU; 6478-8941'; ssx, roc, dff, sff
Pedicularis contorta Benth. var. rubicunda N. Reese (2) LE; 7457-7764'; lpf, sff
Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. (21) LE, CU; 6024-9989'; wet, rip, mdw, sff
Pedicularis parryi A. Gray var. purpurea Parry (2) LE, CU; 9368-10268'; mdw, alp
Pedicularis racemosa Douglas ex Benth. var. alba (Pennell) Cronquist
(12)
LE, CU; 4976-
8730'; lpf, dff, sff
Paeoniaceae
Paeonia brownii Douglas ex Hook. (1) BL; 6677'; ssm
Papaveraceae
Corydalis aurea Willd. var. aurea (7) BU, LE, CU; 4041-7871'; dis, rip, ssx, dff
Dicentra uniflora Kellogg (1) LE; 6596'; mdw
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia fimbriata König var. fimbriata (12) LE, CU; 4915-9894'; wet, rip, mdw, sff, alp
Parnassia palustris L. var. montanensis (Fernald & Rydb. ex Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc.
(1)
LE;
6457'; wet
Phrymaceae
Mimulus floribundus Lindl. (2) LE; 3685-4100'; roc
Mimulus guttatus DC. (38) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3486-9416'; gen
Mimulus lewisii Pursh (11) LE, CU; 5865-8964'; wet, rip, mdw, dff, sff
Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl. var. moschatus (5) LE; 4844-7650'; wet, rip, mdw
Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn. ssp. nanus (5) LE; 3525-4371'; ssx, mgr, ppf
Mimulus primuloides Benth. var. primuloides (4) CU; 6588-8324'; wet, mdw
Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray (8) BU, LE, CU; 5733-7425'; ssm, ssx, roc
Mimulus tilingii Regel var. caespitosus A.L.Grant (1) CU; 8324'; mdw
Plantaginaceae
Besseya wyomingensis (A. Nelson) Rydb. (3) LE; 6081-8528'; ssm, mgr, dff
Callitriche palustris L. (2) CU; 7463-9538'; wet
Chionophila tweedyi (Canby & Rose) L. F. Hend. (11) LE, CU; 7877-9273'; lpf, sff
Collinsia parviflora Lindl. (56) BL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-9009'; gen
Hippuris vulgaris L. (3) LE, CU; 6287-7463'; wet
Limosella aquatica L. (2) BU, CU; 4714-5302'; dis, rip
*# Linaria vulgaris Mill. (2) CL, CU; 5541-5741'; dis, wet
Penstemon albertinus Greene (3) LE, CU; 6469-7461'; rip, lpf, sff

73
Penstemon aridus Rydb. (3) BU, LE; 3890-7374'; ssm
Penstemon attenuatus Douglas ex Lindl. var. militaris (Greene) Cronquist
(17)
LE, CU;
6572-9881'; gen
Penstemon attenuatus Douglas ex Lindl. var. pseudoprocerus (Rydb.) Cronquist
(9)
LE,
CU; 4100-8841'; rip, mdw, lpf, dff
Penstemon cyaneus Pennell (10) CL, BU, LE, CU; 5384-9144'; wet, ssm, ssx, dff
Penstemon deustus Douglas ex Lindl. var. deustus
(17)
BU, LE, CU; 3101-7666'; ssm, ssx,
roc, mgr, lpf, dff
Penstemon diphyllus Rydb. (6) LE; 3536-7137'; roc, mdw, lpf, dff
* Penstemon eatonii A. Gray var. eatonii (1) CU; 6737'; dis
Penstemon ellipticus J. M. Coult. & Fisher (2) LE, CU; 7764-8471'; roc, sff
Penstemon eriantherus Pursh var. redactus Pennell & D. D. Keck
(26)
BU, LE, CU; 3628-
9142'; dis, ssm, ssx, roc, mgr
Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene var. fruticosus
(10)
LE, CU; 6070-9651'; roc, lpf, dff,
sff
Penstemon globosus (Piper) Pennell & D. D. Keck (4) CU; 6778'; mdw
Penstemon humilis Nutt. ex A. Gray var. humilis (56) BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 3101-9560';
ssm, ssx, roc, mgr, ppf, lpf, dff
^ Penstemon lemhiensis (D. D. Keck) D. D. Keck & Cronquist (2) LE; 4409-7264'; ssm, mgr
Penstemon montanus Greene var. montanus (20) BU, LE, CU; 6833-10800'; ssx, roc, alp
* Penstemon palmeri A. Gray var. palmeri (2) CU; 5169-7160'; dis
Penstemon procerus Douglas ex Graham var. formosus (A.Nelson) Cronquist
(5)
CU;
9803-10360'; wet, mdw, alp
Penstemon procerus Douglas ex Graham var. procerus (14) LE, CU; 4489-9361'; gen
+ Penstemon pumilus Nutt. (13) BU, LE, CU; 5349-6737'; ssx
Penstemon radicosus A. Nelson (8) BU, LE, CU; 5311-7804'; ssm, ssx, mgr, dff
Penstemon rydbergii A. Nelson var. aggregatus (Pennell) N. H. Holmgren
(2)
LE; 7800-
8993'; roc
Penstemon wilcoxii Rydb. (8) BU, LE, CU; 3688-6456'; rip, mgr, lpf, dff
Plantago eriopoda Torr. (1) CU; 6287'; wet
* Plantago major L. (7) BU, LE, CU; 4714-7137'; dis, rip
Plantago patagonica Jacq. (3) LE; 4277-4460'; mgr
Synthyris missurica (Raf.) Pennell ssp. missurica (1) LE; 7790';
Synthyris pinnatifida S. Watson var. canescens (Pennell) Cronquist
(5)
LE, CU; 8928-
10426'; roc, sff, alp
Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth. (32) CL, LE, CU; 3890-8841'; gen
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (4) BU, LE, CU; 5164-6473'; wet, rip
Veronica biloba L. (10) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3817-8300'; dis, wet, ssx, mdw, mgr
Veronica peregrina L. var. xalapensis (Kunth) H. St. John & F. W. Warren
(3)
BU, LE,
CU; 3851-5302'; wet, rip, ssx
Veronica serpyllifolia L. var. humifusa (Dicks.) Vahl (8) LE, CU; 6450-7650'; wet, rip, dff
Veronica wormskjoldii Roem. & Schult. (17) LE, CU; 6571-10343'; gen
Poaceae
Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth (33) BU, LE, CU; 3890-9231';

74
ssx, roc, mgr
Achnatherum lettermanii (Vasey) Barkworth (4) LE, CU; 7464-8828'; dis, ssx, roc
Achnatherum nelsonii (Scribn.) Barkworth ssp. dorei (Barkworth & J. Maze) Barkworth
(11) BU, LE, CU; 3800-8320'; wet, mdw, lpf, dff
Achnatherum nelsonii (Scribn.) Barkworth ssp. nelsonii (13) LE, CU; 4872-9347'; gen
Achnatherum occidentale (Thurb.) Barkworth (6) LE, CU; 6580-7675'; ssm, lpf
Achnatherum thurberianum (Piper) Barkworth (2) CU; 5761-6518'; ssx
*
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. var. cristatum
(16)
BU, LE, CU; 3570-7199'; dis, ssx,
mgr
* Agropyron triticeum Gaertn. (2) LE; 4041-4100'; dis
* Agrostis capillaris L. (13) LE, CU; 5900-7753'; wet, rip, mdw, lpf
Agrostis exarata Trin. (4) LE, CU; 6027-7154'; wet, rip
Agrostis pallens Trin. (1) LE; 3412';
Agrostis scabra Willd. (8) LE, CU; 5799-8732'; dis, wet, rip, roc, mdw
* Agrostis stolonifera L. (2) LE, CU; 6024-6973'; wet, rip
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis (5) LE, CU; 5339-8265'; wet, rip, mdw, asp
Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. (4) LE, CU; 5035-8053'; wet, ssm, ppf
* Alopecurus pratensis L. (1) LE; 4836'; pnf
* Apera interrupta (L.) P. Beauv. (1) LE; 2850'; roc
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald (3) BU, LE, CU; 4714-6642'; wet, rip, mdw
Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. (13) LE, CU; 4345-8265'; ssm, mgr
Bromus ciliatus L. (9) LE, CU; 6024-8112'; rip, mdw, lpf, sff
* Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus (1) LE; 4345'; mgr
* Bromus inermis Leyss. (16) LE, CU; 3980-7943'; gen
Bromus porteri (J. M. Coult.) Nash (5) LE, CU; 6285-9077'; ssm, mdw, asp, lpf
Bromus pumpellianus Scribn. (3) CU; 5391-7253'; dis, rip, dff
* Bromus squarrosus L. (4) BU, LE, CU; 4263-7469'; dis, ssx
* Bromus tectorum L. (34) BL, LE, CU; 2939-7804'; gen
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis
(10)
LE, CU; 4872-7461';
wet, rip, lpf
Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. (3) LE, CU; 9507-9874'; roc, mdw, sff
Calamagrostis rubescens Buckley (4) LE, CU; 5064-9170'; roc,
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler (1) LE; 7753'; wet
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. (9) LE, CU; 5339-7650'; wet
Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. (2) LE, CU; 4193-7033'; wet, rip
Dactylis glomerata L. (11) LE, CU; 3374-7650'; dis, rip, mdw, ppf, pnf
Danthonia intermedia Vasey (7) LE, CU; 7076-8732'; ssm, mdw, lpf, sff
Danthonia unispicata (Thurb.) Munro ex Macoun (2) LE; 7319-7406'; mdw
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. cespitosa
(10)
LE, CU; 6176-9989'; wet, mdw,
lpf, sff
Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro (2) LE, CU; 6456-8324'; mdw
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.)
Freckmann (1) LE; 4277'; wet
! Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould (1) LE;

75
2850'; rip
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (2) CU; 5606-6287'; wet, ssx
* Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (2) LE, CU; 3921-5969'; wet, rip
x Elymus ×saundersii Vasey (1) LE; 7406'; ssm
Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr. (15) BU, LE, CU; 5169-7496'; ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw, dff
Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey var. brevifolius (J. G. Sm.) Dorn
(36)
LE, CU; 4100-
10099'; gen
Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey var. elymoides (24) LE, CU; 4041-9754'; gen
! Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey var. hordeoides (Suksd.) J.P.Sm. (1) LE; 10072'; alp
Elymus glaucus Buckley var. glaucus (7) LE, CU; 6027-7977'; rip, lpf, sff
Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) Gould var. lanceolatus
(5)
LE, CU; 6336-7469';
dis, ssx, mgr
Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) Gould var. riparius (Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) Dorn
(5) LE, CU; 4872-9077'; dis, rip, ssm
Elymus multisetus M. E. Jones (1) BU; 5407'; ssx
Elymus repens (L.) Gould (2) LE; 5057-6285'; dis, rip
Elymus salinus M. E. Jones (12) BU, LE, CU; 4837-6180'; ssm, ssx, mgr
Elymus scribneri (Vasey) M. E. Jones (8) LE, CU; 7800-10853'; roc, alp
Elymus spicatus (Pursh) Gould (69) CL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-9365'; gen
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) Á. Löve & D.
Löve (2) LE, CU; 6070-6176'; rip
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners var. trachycaulus
(16)
LE, CU; 5391-
9042'; dis, rip, ssm, ssx, mdw, sff
Elymus triticoides Buckley (2) CU; 5144-5749'; ssx
* Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. (3) LE; 2857-3585'; dis, wet
* Eragrostis minor Host (1) LE; 4872'; dis
Festuca baffinensis Polunin (1) LE; 8846'; roc
! Festuca campestris Rydb. (1) BU; 7740'; ssx
Festuca idahoensis Elmer (42) BL, LE, CU; 3336-9934'; gen
! Festuca minutiflora Rydb. (1) CU; 9912'; alp
Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra (2) CU; 5391'; rip
Festuca saximontana Rydb. var. saximontana (6) LE, CU; 5799-9823'; mdw, lpf, alp
! Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch. (2) LE; 6483-6920'; wet
Glyceria grandis S. Watson var. grandis (3) LE, CU; 6899-7753'; wet
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. (6) CL, LE, CU; 5339-7586'; wet, rip
Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth var. comata
(18)
BU, LE, CU; 3463-
6420'; ssm, ssx, mgr
Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth var. intermedia (Scribn. & Tweedy) Dorn
(5) BU, LE, CU; 4409-7374'; ssx, mgr
Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski (11) LE, CU; 6778-9538'; wet, mdw
Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. jubatum (6) LE, CU; 3412-7115'; dis
*! Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev (1) LE; 4277'; wet
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. (19) LE, CU; 3293-9684'; wet, ssm, ssx, mgr, ppf, dff
Leucopoa kingii (S. Watson) W. A. Weber (13) BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 6304-9863'; gen

76
Melica bulbosa Geyer ex Porter & J. M. Coult. (6) BL, LE, CU; 6339-9194'; gen
Melica spectabilis Scribn. (3) LE; 7296-7650'; mdw, dff
Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trin.) Parodi (1) CU; 5606'; wet
Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S. Watson) Rydb. (4) CU; 6580-8324'; wet, mdw
Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. (2) LE; 6457-7374'; rip
Panicum capillare L. (2) LE; 3585-4872'; dis
* Phalaris arundinacea L. (3) LE; 4384-4570'; rip
Phleum alpinum L. var. alpinum (25) LE, CU; 6593-10343'; gen
* Phleum pratense L. var. pratense (9) LE, CU; 4844-7406'; dis, wet, rip, mdw
*# Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (1) LE; 3182'; rip
Piptatherum exiguum (Thurb.) Dorn (14) LE, CU; 5768-10026'; roc, mdw, lpf, dff, sff
Piptatherum shoshoneanum (Curto & Douglass M.Hend.) P.M.Peterson & Soreng
(3)
BU,
LE; 3874-7054'; roc, dff
x! Poa ×nematophylla Rydb. (1) BU; 6204'; ssx
^ Poa abbreviata R. Br. ssp. marshii Soreng (3) LE, CU; 9913-10653'; roc, alp
Poa alpina L. var. alpina (2) CU; 9934-10360'; alp
* Poa annua L. (1) LE; 7650'; dis
* Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. (16) BL, LE, CU; 2939-8040'; gen
* Poa compressa L. (4) LE; 5064-7320'; dis
Poa cusickii Vasey var. cusickii (8) LE, CU; 7583-9989'; ssm, ssx, mdw, sff, alp
Poa cusickii Vasey var. pallida (Soreng) Dorn (8) LE, CU; 6208-10478'; gen
Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey ssp. fendleriana (6) LE; 4280-9042'; roc, mgr, dff
Poa glauca Vahl var. glauca (2) CU; 9361-9818'; roc, sff
Poa interior Rydb. (17) BU, LE, CU; 3189-10099'; gen
Poa leibergii Scribn. (1) CU; 10093'; alp
Poa palustris L. (4) LE, CU; 6176-7469'; wet, rip
* Poa pratensis L. (34) BU, LE, CU; 3091-8732'; gen
Poa secunda J. Presl ssp. juncifolia (Scribn.) Soreng (8) LE; 3570-7731'; rip, ssx, mgr
Poa secunda J. Presl ssp. secunda (81) BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-9852'; gen
Poa wheeleri Vasey (45) BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 3708-10360'; gen
Podagrostis humilis (Vasey) Björkman (1) CU; 9564'; wet
* Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. (2) LE; 4394-4872'; dis
* Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (4) LE; 3412-4570'; dis
Spartina gracilis Trin. (3) LE, CU; 6287-6471'; rip, ssx
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray (1) LE; 2857'; wet
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Church var. pauciflora (J. Presl) J. I. Davis
(1)
CU;
9538'; mdw
! Trisetum canescens Buckley (1) LE; 5566'; dff
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt. (35) LE, CU; 5900-10669'; gen
Trisetum wolfii Vasey (2) LE, CU; 7498-8732'; mdw, lpf
Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartman (1) LE; 7643'; wet
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. hirtella (Piper) Henrard
(6)
LE; 3463-5290'; rip, ssx,
mgr, mdw

77
Polemoniaceae
Aliciella leptomeria (A. Gray) J. M. Porter (1) BU; 4800';
^ Collomia debilis (S. Watson) Greene var. camporum Payson (4) LE; 5768-8061'; roc
Collomia debilis (S. Watson) Greene var. debilis (7) BU, LE, CU; 8118-9939'; roc
Collomia debilis (S. Watson) Greene var. trifida Payson (9) LE, CU; 9073-11025'; roc, alp
Collomia linearis Nutt. (37) BL, LE, CU; 2939-9563'; gen
Collomia tenella A. Gray (2) BL; 7548'; mdw
Collomia tinctoria Kellogg (9) LE, CU; 4872-9194'; ssx, roc, dff
Eriastrum wilcoxii (A. Nelson) H. Mason (2) LE, CU; 4888-5708'; dis, ssx
Gilia sinuata Douglas ex Benth. (3) BU; 5344-6659'; dis, ssx
Gilia tweedyi Rydb. (6) CU; 4888-6641'; dis, ssx
Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. E. Grant ssp. aggregata
(33)
BU, LE, CU; 3101-9077';
gen
Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. E. Grant var. congesta (3) BU, CU; 5136-5589'; , mgr
Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. E. Grant var. palmifrons (Brand) S.L.Welsh
(4)
CU; 5997-
7453'; ssx, roc
Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. E. Grant var. viridis (Conquist) Reveal (1) CU; 8561'; roc
Ipomopsis spicata (Nutt.) V. E. Grant var. orchidacea (Brand) Dorn
(3)
BU, CU; 7392-
8543'; ssx, roc
Langloisia setosissima (Torr. & A. Gray. ex Torr.) Greene ssp. punctata (A. Gray ex
Coville) imbrook (1) CU; 4888'; ssx
Lathrocasis tenerrima (A. Gray) L. A. Johnson
(11)
LE, CU; 3570-7804'; ssm, ssx, mgr,
ppf
Leptosiphon harknessii (Curran) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
(7)
LE, CU; 5535-7580';
dis, ssx, dff
Leptosiphon nuttallii (A. Gray) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson ssp. nuttallii
(8)
LE, CU;
5093-9077'; ssm, mdw, asp, ppf, lpf, dff
Leptosiphon septentrionalis (H. Mason) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
(2)
LE, CU; 7058-
7650'; ssm
Linanthus pungens (Torr.) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
(26)
CL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-
9657'; rip, ssm, ssx, mgr
Linanthus watsonii (A. Gray) Wherry (1) BU; 7426'; roc
Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene var. humilior (Hook.) Cronquist
(8)
BL, LE, CU;
3877-7650'; ssx, dff
Navarretia breweri (A. Gray) Greene (5) BL, LE, CU; 6409-7519'; dis,
Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. var. propinqua (Suksd.) Brand (1) CU; 6583'; mdw
Phlox albomarginata M. E. Jones (4) CU; 6036'; roc
Phlox austromontana Coville ssp. austromontana (17) BU, LE, CU; 5213-9698'; gen
! Phlox diffusa Benth. ssp. longistylis Wherry (1) LE; 7877'; sff
Phlox hoodii Richardson (12) BL, BU, CU; 5733-7572'; ssm, ssx, roc, mgr
Phlox kelseyi Britton (5) LE, CU; 5666-6473'; wet, ssx
Phlox longifolia Nutt. ssp. longifolia (63) BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 3570-9073'; gen
Phlox multiflora A. Nelson ssp. multiflora
(13)
BU, LE, CU; 3980-10264'; wet, ssm, ssx,
roc, alp

78
Phlox muscoides Nutt. (27) BU, LE, CU; 3980-8331'; ssx, mgr, alp
Phlox pulvinata (Wherry) Cronquist (9) LE, CU; 6457-10478'; gen
Polemonium californicum Eastw. (2) LE; 5057-9507'; rip, roc
^+
Polemonium elusum J. J. Irwin & R. L. Hartm.
(3)
LE, CU; 1440-8400'; rip, ssm, ssx, roc,
dff
! Polemonium micranthum Benth. (1) LE; 4657'; dff
Polemonium occidentale Greene var. occidentale
(20)
BU, LE, CU; 5323-8590'; wet, rip,
mdw, sff
Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook. var. calycinum (Eastw.) Brand (1) LE; 7548'; mdw
Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook. var. pulcherrimum (7) LE, CU; 5315-8061'; gen
Polemonium viscosum Nutt. (19) BU, LE, CU; 5798-11587'; roc, sff, alp
Polygonaceae
Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small (26) LE, CU; 5935-10196'; gen
Bistorta vivipara (L.) Delarbre (2) CU; 7461-10196'; rip, mdw
Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt. (10) BL, CU; 6334-10396'; ssm, ssx, roc, alp
+ Eriogonum capistratum Reveal var. capistratum (1) CU; 9923'; alp
^+
Eriogonum capistratum Reveal var. welshii Reveal
(8)
BU, LE, CU; 6031-8439'; ssx, roc,
mgr
Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. (1) BU; 5390'; ssx
Eriogonum flavum Nutt. var. piperi (Greene) M. E. Jones
(9)
LE, CU; 5718-8941'; ssm,
ssx, roc, mgr
Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides (12) LE, CU; 3570-8732'; gen
Eriogonum mancum Rydb. (6) BU, CU; 5477-7088'; ssx
Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook.
(12)
BU, LE, CU; 4450-7536'; ssm,
ssx, roc
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. depressum Blank.
(21)
LE, CU; 6705-10272'; ssx, roc,
sff, alp
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium (13) BU, LE, CU; 3890-9361'; ssx, roc, sff
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. pansum Reveal (1) CU; 7350'; mdw
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. purpureum (Nutt.) T. Durand
(34)
CL, BU, LE, CU;
4394-10256'; ssm, ssx, mgr, dff, alp
Eriogonum pyrolifolium Hook. Ex A.Murray var. pyrolifolium (1) CU; 8471'; roc
Eriogonum pyrolifolium Hook. var. coryphaeum Torr. & A. Gray (1) CU; 9295'; roc
^ Eriogonum soliceps Reveal & Björk (1) LE; 6979';
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Douglas ex Benth. var. sphaerocephalum (1) CU; 6403'; ssx
Eriogonum strictum Benth. var. proliferum (Torr. & A. Gray) C. L. Hitchc.
(3)
LE; 5064-
6656'; ssx, roc
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. aureum (Gand.) Reveal
(9)
LE, CU; 7137-9383'; ssm,
roc, mdw, dff
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. deserticum Reveal
(5)
BU, CU; 5384-9764'; rip, ssm,
roc, dff
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. devestivum Reveal (1) LE; 6311'; ssx
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. dichrocephalum Gand. (17) LE, CU; 3800-9698'; gen
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. ellipticum (Nutt.) Reveal (1) CU; 6085';

79
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. majus Hook. (6) LE; 5315-7578' ;ssm, lpf
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. umbellatum (8) LE; 3423-7666'; roc, dff
+ Eriogonum verrucosum Reveal (1) CU; 6403'; ssx
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill (20) BU, LE, CU; 7548-10873'; roc, sff, alp
! Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (1) LE; 7644'; wet
* Persicaria maculosa Gray (1) LE; 3921'; mdw
Polygonum achoreum S. F. Blake (1) CU; 7838'; dis
* Polygonum aviculare L. (9) LE, CU; 3412-7838'; dis
Polygonum buxiforme Small (1) LE; 7364'; wet
Polygonum douglasii Greene (25) LE, CU; 6409-9504'; gen
Polygonum majus (Meisn.) Piper (2) LE; 5900-6027'; lpf
Polygonum phytolaccifolium Meisn. ex Small (3) CU; 7095-9295'; roc
Polygonum polygaloides Meisn. ssp. confertiflorum (Nutt. ex Piper) J. C. Hickman
(1)
LE;
7420'; mdw
Polygonum polygaloides Meisn. ssp. kelloggii (Greene) J. C. Hickman
(6)
LE, CU; 6975-
9912'; dis, wet, mdw
* Rumex acetosella L. (6) LE, CU; 3936-6336'; rip, ssx, lpf, dff, pnf
* Rumex crispus L. (4) LE, CU; 4277-7586'; wet, mdw
Rumex fueginus Phil. (1) CU; 6065'; wet
Rumex occidentalis S. Watson (1) CU; 8265'; wet
Rumex paucifolius Nutt. (12) BL, LE, CU; 6083-9989'; wet, ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw, lpf
Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. f.
(12)
BU, LE, CU; 3412-8031'; dis, wet, rip, roc,
lpf
Portulacaceae
Cistanthe umbellata (Torr.) Hershkovitz (14) LE, CU; 6610-11129'; roc, mdw, sff, lpf, alp
Claytonia arenicola L. F. Hend. (6) LE; 2939-4180'; rip, ssm
Claytonia cordifolia S. Watson (8) LE, CU; 5701-7949'; wet, rip, dff
Claytonia lanceolata Pursh (8) LE, CU; 5942-8832'; mdw, ppf, lpf, dff, sff
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. ssp. intermontana J. M. Mill. & K. L. Chambers
(8)
BL, LE, CU; 2939-9983'; rip, roc, ssm, dff, alp
Lewisia columbiana (Howell ex A. Gray) B. L. Rob. var. wallowensis C. L. Hitchc.
(1)
LE; 5057'; roc
Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) B. L. Rob.
(15)
LE, CU; 8324-9912'; dis, roc, mdw, sff, alp
Lewisia rediviva Pursh var. rediviva (24) BU, LE, CU; 3851-7800'; wet, ssx, mgr
Montia arenicola Howell (3) LE; 3282-3296'; rip, roc
Montia chamissoi (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Greene (5) LE, CU; 6585-8590'; wet, rip, dff
! Montia linearis (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene (1) LE; 7634'; sff
! Portulaca oleracea L. (1) LE; 3950'; dis
Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton alpinus Balb. (1) CU; 8600'; wet
Potamogeton gramineus L. (1) CU; 6772'; wet
Potamogeton natans L. (5) LE, CU; 6483-7668'; wet
Potamogeton pusillus L. var. tenuissimus Mert. & W. D. J. Koch (1) CU; 7668'; wet

80
Potamogeton richardsonii (A. Benn.) Rydb. (2) LE, CU; 7160-7473'; wet
Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner ssp. alpina (Blytt) R. R. Hayes, Les, & M. Král
(1)
CU;
7463'; wet
Zannichellia palustris L. (1) BU; 5164'; wet
Primulaceae
Androsace filiformis Retz. (12) LE, CU; 6568-8841'; wet, rip, mdw, dff
Androsace septentrionalis L. (12) CL, BU, LE, CU; 5531-10286'; gen
^ Primula alcalina Cholewa & Douglass M.Hend. (1) CU; 6380'; wet
!
Primula conjugens (Greene) A. R. Mast & Reveal var. conjugens
(2)
LE; 7490-7543'; ssm,
dff
Primula jeffreyi (Van Houtte) A. R. Mast & Reveal (16) LE, CU; 6887-9361'; wet, rip,
mdw, lpf, sff
Primula parryi A. Gray (1) BU; 9900'; roc
Primula pauciflora (Greene) A. R. Mast & Reveal var. cusickii (Greene) A. R. Mast &
Reveal (4) LE; 4460-6083'; dff
Primula pauciflora (Greene) A. R. Mast & Reveal var. pauciflora
(12)
LE, CU; 4100-
10072'; wet, mdw, ppf, alp
Ranunculaceae
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. ssp. columbianum
(11)
LE, CU; 4915-8324'; wet, rip, mdw,
lpf, sff
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. (21) BL, LE, CU; 3189-7637'; gen
Anemone drummondii S.Watson var. drummondii (2) LE; 9625'; roc
Anemone multifida Poir. var. multifida (12) BU, LE, CU; 5531-9504'; gen
Anemone multifida Poir. var. tetonensis (Porter ex Britton) C. L. Hitchc.
(5)
CU; 8868-
9642'; wet, roc, mdw,
Anemone parviflora Michx. (1) CU; 9365'; alp
Aquilegia coerulea E. James var. coerulea (1) BU; 10256'; alp
x
Aquilegia flavescens S. Watson var. ×miniata Nels. & Macbr.
(14)
LE, CU; 5459-9303';
gen
Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. var. formosa
(28)
BL, CL, BU, LE, CU; 5323-10343';
gen
Caltha leptosepala DC. (9) CU; 6887-10008'; wet, alp
Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray var. columbiana
(6)
LE; 2939-6198'; dis, rip,
ppf, dff
Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima (4) LE, CU; 7085-8455'; rip, ssm
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. (6) LE, CU; 3412-5391'; rip, roc
! Coptis occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray (1) LE; 4915'; sff
Delphinium andersonii A. Gray (24) BU, LE, CU; 3823-9084'; ssm, ssx, mgr, sff
Delphinium bicolor Nutt. ssp. bicolor (14) BU, LE; 4120-8003'; ssm, ssx, mgr, mdw, ppf
Delphinium depauperatum Nutt. (6) LE, CU; 6551-9405'; wet, ssm, mdw, asp
Delphinium glaucescens Rydb. (9) BU, LE, CU; 5900-10008'; gen
Delphinium glaucum S. Watson (9) LE, CU; 5865-7892'; rip, ssm, mdw, lpf, dff
Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. (6) BL, CU; 6336-9651'; ssm, mdw
Myosurus apetalus Gay var. borealis Whittem. (1) CU; 9912'; wet

81
Ranunculus acriformis A. Gray var. montanensis (Rydb.) L. D. Benson
(9)
BL, CU; 6551-
7837'; wet, rip, mdw, asp
* Ranunculus acris L. (1) CU; 5391'; rip
Ranunculus alismifolius Geyer ex Benth. var. hartwegii (Greene) Jeps.
(5)
LE, CU; 5600-
8841'; wet, mdw, dff
Ranunculus andersonii A.Gray var. andersonii (3) BU; 5828-6800';
Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With. (4) LE, CU; 6331-7463'; wet
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh (12) BU, LE, CU; 5339-8058'; wet, rip
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schltdl. var. eschscholtzii (7) LE, CU; 8648-10360'; wet, mdw
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schltdl. var. suksdorfii (A. Gray) L. D. Benson
(3)
CU; 8064-
9492'; roc, sff
Ranunculus flammula L. var. reptans (L.) E. Mey. (2) LE, CU; 6345-6772'; wet
Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. var. ellipticus (Greene) Greene
(11)
BU, LE, CU; 5064-
9784'; ssm, ssx, roc, dff
Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. var. glaberrimus (1) LE; 5203'; dff
Ranunculus gmelinii DC. (2) LE; 5339-6483'; wet
Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottb. (5) LE, CU; 5664-7805'; wet, mdw, asp
Ranunculus inamoenus Greene var. inamoenus (2) LE, CU; 7668-8521'; mdw
Ranunculus repens L. (2) CL, CU; 4714-5741'; dis, rip
Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. multifidus Nutt. (2) BU, CU; 5302-7160'; wet, rip
* Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz (8) BL, LE, CU; 2939-7594'; dis, rip, ssx
Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don (13) LE, CU; 4586-8841'; dis, wet, rip, mdw, sff
Ranunculus verecundus B.L.Rob. (2) CU; 9361'; wet
Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray (21) BL, LE, CU; 3582-8064'; gen
Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
(6)
LE, CU; 6051-7663'; wet, rip,
mdw, asp, lpf
! Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walter) Vail (1) CU; 6809'; sff
Trollius albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. (7) LE, CU; 6609-8682'; wet, rip, mdw
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh (1) LE; 2900'; rip
Ceanothus velutinus Douglas ex Hook. var. velutinus
(9)
BL, LE, CU; 4127-7878'; ssm,
mgr, ppf, lpf, dff
Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper (1) LE; 2939';
Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her. (2) CU; 6547-6875'; lpf
Rosaceae
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. var. alnifolia
(21)
BL, BU, LE, CU;
3980-8268'; rip, ssm, ppf, dff
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. var. pumila (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Nelson
(13) LE, CU; 2939-6372'; rip, ssm, sff, lpf, dff
Amelanchier utahensis Koehne var. utahensis (8) LE, CU; 3800-6585'; rip, mgr
Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. var. intercedens C. K. Schneid.
(4)
BU, CU; 6585-9175'; ssx,
mgr
Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. var. ledifolius (43) BU, LE, CU; 3091-8425'; gen
Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. (5) BU, CU; 5236-7682'; ssx, roc, mgr, dff

82
! Comarum palustre L. (1) CU; 6939'; wet
Crataegus douglasii Lindl. var. douglasii (5) LE; 2939-4844'; wet
Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. (24) LE, CU; 5746-10343'; gen
Dryas octopetala L. (1) LE; 9433'; sff
Drymocallis convallaria (Rydb.) Rydb. (9) LE, CU; 3861-8882'; ssm, dff, sff
Drymocallis glabrata Rydb. (14) LE, CU; 3536-8964'; gen
Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rydb. ssp. nevadensis (S.Watson) Soják
(3)
LE; 3293-
7137'; mdw, ppf
Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rydb. var. glandulosa (16) BL, LE, CU; 3927-9145'; gen
Drymocallis pseudorupestris (Rydb.) Rydb. var. pseudorupestris
(28)
LE, CU; 3701-
10800'; gen
Fragaria vesca L. (19) LE; 3570-7137'; rip, mdw, ppf, dff, pnf, sff
Fragaria virginiana Mill. (29) BL, LE, CU; 4460-9361'; gen
Geum macrophyllum Willd. var. macrophyllum (3) LE, CU; 6224-7076'; rip, sff
Geum macrophyllum Willd. var. perincisum (Rydb.) Raup
(30)
BL, LE, CU; 4844-8590';
wet, rip, lpf, sff
Geum rossii (R. Br.) Ser. var. turbinatum (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc.
(5)
LE; 9507-10055'; roc,
sff
Geum triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett (53) CL, BU, LE, CU; 3293-9894'; gen
! Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. (1) LE; 5763'; ppf
Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Heller (5) CU; 7166-9231'; roc
Horkelia fusca Lindl. var. capitata (Lindl.) Wawra (2) CU; 6887-7770'; ssm, mdw
Ivesia gordonii (Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray (6) LE, CU; 6979-10478'; roc, alp
Kelseya uniflora (S. Watson) Rydb. (4) BU, CU; 9170-9919'; roc,
*! Malus pumila Mill. (1) LE; 4078’; ppf
Petrophyton caespitosum (Nutt.) Rydb. (6) BU, LE, CU; 3302-9170'; ssx, roc
Physocarpus alternans (M. E. Jones) J. T. Howell var. alternans (1) BU; 6413'; mgr
Physocarpus malvaceus (Greene) Kuntze (18) LE; 3262-6673'; rip, mgr, ssm, ppf, dff, sff
Potentilla anserina L. (5) LE, CU; 6289-7177'; wet, rip
Potentilla biennis Greene (14) LE, CU; 3486-7469'; dis, wet, rip, mgr, ppf, dff
Potentilla brevifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (2) CU; 9564-10853'; roc, alp
Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. var. diversifolia (28) BU, LE, CU; 5600-10360'; gen
Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. var. perdissecta (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc.
(3)
LE, CU; 8800-
10451'; wet, mdw, sff, alp
Potentilla flabellifolia Hook. ex Torr. & A. Gray (6) LE, CU; 7409-8826'; wet, mdw, sff
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. var. brunnescens (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc.
(5)
LE; 4190-
7323'; wet, ssm, mdw
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. var. elmeri (Rydb.) Jeps.
(3)
LE, CU; 6471-7622';
wet, ssm, mdw
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. var. fastigiata (Nutt.) S. Watson
(17)
LE, CU; 4872-
8066'; gen
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. var. flabelliformis (Lehm.) Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray
(4) LE, CU; 6457-8066'; rip, mgr
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. var. pulcherrima (Lehm.) Fernald (2) LE, CU; 6551-

83
8236'; ssm, mdw, asp, dff
Potentilla nivea L. var. pentaphylla Lehm. (1) CU; 8066'; ssm, mgr
Potentilla norvegica L. ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Asch. & Graebn. (1) LE; 3412'; dis
Potentilla ovina Macoun var. ovina (14) BU, LE, CU; 7545-10505'; ssm, ssx, roc, dff, alp
Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. pensylvanica (2) LE; 7800'; dis
* Potentilla recta L. (23) CU; 6872'; rip
*! Prunus avium (L.) L. (1) LE; 3524'; dis
Prunus virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sarg. (40) BL, BU, LE, CU; 2939-
8265'; gen
Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. (24) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3843-8438'; ssm, ssx,, roc, mgr, lpf
*x! Rosa ×harisonii Rivers (1) LE; 3183'; dis
*! Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. (2) LE; 4981-5158'; dff, sff
Rosa woodsii Lindl. var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jeps.
(30)
BU, LE, CU; 3296-8438';
gen
Rosa woodsii Lindl. var. woodsii (2) LE; 5339-7080'; rip, dff
Rubus idaeus L. var. aculeatissimus Regel & Tiling (28) BU, LE, CU; 3364-9625'; gen
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. parviflorus (15) LE, CU; 3262-8268'; wet, rip, sff, dff
Sibbaldia procumbens L. (16) LE, CU; 8325-10343'; wet, roc, mdw, sff, alp
*! Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Braun (1) LE; 3488'; dis
Sorbus scopulina Greene (3) LE; 3638-4818'; wet, rip
Spiraea betulifolia Pall. var. lucida (Douglas ex Hook.) C. L. Hitchc.
(12)
LE; 4245-7137';
mdw, ppf, lpf, sff
Spiraea douglasii Hook. var. douglasii (3) CU; 6571-6975'; rip,
Spiraea splendens Baumann ex K. Koch var. splendens (1) LE; 7409'; wet
Rubiaceae
Galium aparine L. (21) BL, LE, CU; 2939-7033'; gen
Galium bifolium S. Watson (4) BU, LE, CU; 6007-7805'; mdw, asp, mgr
Galium boreale L. (8) LE, CU; 5469-7731'; rip, ssm, ssx, mdw, dff
Galium mexicanum Kunth var. asperulum (A. Gray) Dempster
(7)
LE, CU; 4844-6070';
rip, dff
Galium trifidum L. var. subbiflorum Wiegand (6) LE, CU; 6345-7463'; wet
Galium triflorum Michx. (4) LE, CU; 6454-8112'; wet, rip, sff
Galium watsonii (A. Gray) A. Heller (11) BL, BU, LE, CU; 5334-8846'; roc
Kelloggia galioides Torr. (2) CU; 6112'; dff
Salicaceae
x Populus ×acuminata Rydb. (1) CU; 7464'; mdw, asp
Populus angustifolia E. James (2) CU; 5701-6484'; rip, ssm
Populus balsamifera L. var. californica S. Watson
(23)
BU, LE, CU; 3412-7497'; wet, rip,
roc
Populus tremuloides Michx. (44) BL, BU, LE, CU; 3890-8473'; gen
Salix arctica Pall. var. petraea (Andersson) Bebb (3) CU; 9365-9989'; mdw, alp
Salix barclayi Andersson (2) CU; 6547'; lpf
Salix bebbiana Sarg. (12) BU, LE, CU; 3412-7650'; wet, rip
Salix boothii Dorn (24) BL, LE, CU; 4872-8054'; wet, rip, mdw, asp

84
Salix brachycarpa Nutt. var. brachycarpa (2) CU; 7663-8058'; wet
Salix commutata Bebb (1) LE; 8848'; sff
Salix drummondiana Barratt ex Hook. (10) LE, CU; 4844-10032'; rip, alp
Salix exigua Nutt. ssp. exigua (8) BU, LE, CU; 3412-6816'; rip,
Salix fragilis L. (1) BU; 5936'; wet
Salix geyeriana Anderss. var. geyeriana (27) LE, CU; 4844-8915'; dis, wet, rip, mdw
Salix lasiandra Benth. var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudw.
(7)
CL, LE, CU; 3837-7536'; wet, rip,
mgr, mdw
Salix lemmonii Bebb (2) LE; 8846'; rip
Salix lutea Nutt.--intermediate (5) CL, LE, CU; 4384-7536'; wet, rip
Salix melanopsis Nutt. (5) CU; 6065-8054'; wet, rip
Salix planifolia Pursh (11) LE, CU; 6588-9912'; wet, rip, mdw
Salix reticulata L. var. nana Andersson (6) LE, CU; 9009-10343'; wet, mdw, alp
Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. (6) LE; 5064-6456'; rip, mdw
Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) C. R. Ball (1) CU; 8788'; rip
Salix wolfii Bebb (12) LE, CU; 6588-9297'; wet, rip
Santalaceae
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. var. pallida (A. DC.) M. E. Jones
(5)
CL, LE; 4394-7871';
ssm, ssx
Sapindaceae
Acer glabrum Torr. var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel
(23)
BL, LE, CU; 3262-7137'; rip, mgr,
ssm, pnf, dff, sff
Acer glabrum Torr. var. glabrum (4) BU, CU; 6782-6983'; dff
Acer negundo L. var. interius (Britton) Sarg. (2) LE; 3539-3590'; wet
Sarcobataceae
Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. (5) LE, CU; 5258-6287'; wet, ssx
Saxifragaceae
Heuchera cylindrica Douglas ex Hook. var. alpina Sw. (13) LE, CU; 5798-10494'; gen
Heuchera cylindrica Douglas ex Hook. var. cylindrica
(13)
LE, CU; 3374-7800'; ssm, roc,
mgr, lpf, dff
Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb. var. grossulariifolia (39) LE, CU; 2939-10072'; gen
Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray
(13)
BU, LE, CU; 3800-8523'; wet, rip, ssm,
mgr, dff
Lithophragma glabrum Nutt. (8) CU; 6813-9989'; wet, mdw, lpf, sff
Lithophragma parviflorum (Hook.) Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray
(30)
BL, LE, CU; 2939-
8003'; gen
Lithophragma tenellum Nutt. (7) LE, CU; 6074-9068'; gen
Mitella caulescens Nutt. (1) LE; 4915'; rip
Mitella pentandra Hook. (18) LE, CU; 4758-8810'; wet, rip, dff, sff
! Mitella stauropetala Piper var. stauropetala (2) LE; 4783-4818'; wet, pnf
Saxifraga bronchialis L. var. austromontana (Wiegand) Piper ex G. N. Jones
(11)
LE, CU;
6478-9625'; roc, sff
Saxifraga idahoensis Piper (3) LE, CU; 5598-8782'; lpf, dff
Saxifraga nidifica Greene var. claytoniifolia (Canby ex Small) Elvander (2) LE, CU; 5064-

85
10008'; alp
Saxifraga nidifica Greene var. nidifica (11) LE, CU; 3698-9194'; wet, mgr, mdw, ppf, lpf
Saxifraga occidentalis S. Watson (7) LE, CU; 4060-10360'; roc, mgr, dff, sff, alp
Saxifraga odontoloma Piper (29) LE, CU; 4915-9563'; wet, rip, roc, dff, sff
Saxifraga oppositifolia L. (5) LE, CU; 9947-12561'; alp
Saxifraga oregana Howell (10) LE, CU; 6588-8648'; wet, mdw
Saxifraga rhomboidea Greene (6) LE, CU; 6208-9462'; ssm, mgr, mdw, ssf
Saxifraga rivularis L. var. debilis (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Dorn
(2)
LE, CU; 8993-10072';
roc, alp
! Tiarella trifoliata L. var. unifoliata (Hook.) Kurtz (2) LE; 4915-6276'; sff
Scrophulariaceae
*! Verbascum blattaria L. (1) LE; 2954'; roc
* Verbascum thapsus L. (8) LE, CU; 3412-8438'; dis, rip, ssx
Solanaceae
*# Hyoscyamus niger L. (2) CU; 5928-6720'; dis
* Lycium barbarum L. (1) BU; 5322'; dis
Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Watson (1) BU; 5823'; dis
Solanum dulcamara L. (2) LE; 3594-4385'; rip
* Solanum physalifolium Rusby var. nitidibaccatum (Bitter) Edmonds (1) LE; 3921'; wet
Solanum triflorum Nutt. (1) LE; 3921'; wet
Typhaceae
Sparganium emersum Rehmann (1) LE; 6483'; wet
Sparganium natans L. (1) CU; 7037'; wet
Typha latifolia L. (3) LE, CU; 3948-4993'; dis, wet
Ulmaceae
*! Ulmus pumila L. (1) LE; 3684';
Urticaceae
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (8) BU, LE; 3296-6631'; wet, rip, roc, mgr
Urtica dioica L. var. occidentalis S. Watson
(16)
BU, LE, CU; 4190-8861'; wet, rip, roc,
mdw, dff
Urtica dioica L. var. procera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wedd.
(12)
BL, BU, LE, CU; 3424-8005';
gen
Verbenaceae
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. (7) LE, CU; 3412-6313'; dis, wet
Violaceae
Viola adunca Sm. var. adunca (32) LE, CU; 3582-9989'; gen
Viola glabella Nutt. (1) LE; 4758'; wet
Viola macloskeyi Lloyd var. pallens (Banks ex DC.) C. L. Hitchc.
(4)
LE, CU; 4280-9321';
wet, rip, mdw, sff
Viola nephrophylla Greene (3) BU, LE, CU; 3262-6380'; wet, rip, mdw, asp
Viola palustris L. (7) LE, CU; 3805-8648'; wet, rip, sff
Viola praemorsa Douglas ex Lindl. (3) BL, LE, CU; 4300-6820'; wet, ppf, dff
Viola purpurea Kellogg var. venosa (S. Watson) Brainerd
(8)
BL, LE, CU; 6336-9813';
ssm, roc, mdw, dff, sff

86
Viola vallicola A. Nelson (20) BU, LE, CU; 3701-7382'; gen

87
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