Three species of Phallus (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes: Phallaceae) from Jammu & Kashmir, India

Abstract

p>In this paper, three species of Phallus viz., P. macrosporus, P. rubicundus and P. hadriani are described, illustrated and discussed along with habitat photographs and line drawings of microscopic features. Out of these, P. macrosporus is new to India. P. rubicundus is new to Jammu & Kashmir whereas P. hadriani constitutes a new report of its occurrence from the Jammu Province. A key to the investigated species is also provided.

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Full text

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d«ÙÝÖ®ÝÊ¥W«½½çÝ;Ý®®ÊÃùÊã͗¦Ù®ÊÃùãÝ͗
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Harpreet Kour, Rigzin Yangdol, Sanjeev Kumar & Yash Pal Sharma
26 January 2016 | Vol. 8 | No. 1 | Pp. 8403–8409
ϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬũŽƩ͘Ϯϭϳϯ͘ϴ͘ϭ͘ϴϰϬϯͲϴϰϬϵ
dŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚTaxa
ůůĂƌƟĐůĞƐƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂĂƌĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚƵŶĚĞƌƌĞĂƟǀĞŽŵŵŽŶƐƩƌŝďƵƟŽŶϰ͘Ϭ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂͲ
ƟŽŶĂů>ŝĐĞŶƐĞƵŶůĞƐƐ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ͘:Ždd ĂůůŽǁƐƵŶƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚƵƐĞŽĨ ĂƌƟĐůĞƐŝŶĂŶLJŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ
ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞĐƌĞĚŝƚƚŽƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘
KWE^^
Partner
ǁǁǁ͘ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐ
/^^EϬϵϳϰͲϳϵϬϳ;KŶůŝŶĞͿͮ/^^EϬϵϳϰͲϳϴϵϯ;WƌŝŶƚͿ
dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůũŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚĂdžŽŶŽŵLJ
:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂ
WƵďůŝƐŚĞƌͬ,ŽƐƚ
&Žƌ&ŽĐƵƐ͕^ĐŽƉĞ͕ŝŵƐ͕WŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐǀŝƐŝƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͬďŽƵƚͺ:Ždd͘ĂƐƉ
&ŽƌƌƟĐůĞ^ƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐǀŝƐŝƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͬ^ƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶͺ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͘ĂƐƉ
&ŽƌWŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐDŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚǀŝƐŝƚ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͬ:ŽddͺWŽůŝĐLJͺĂŐĂŝŶƐƚͺ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐͺDŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͘ĂƐƉ
&ŽƌƌĞƉƌŝŶƚƐĐŽŶƚĂĐƚфŝŶĨŽΛƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐх

d«ÙÝÖ®ÝÊ¥W«½½çÝ;Ý®®ÊÃùÊã͗¦Ù®ÊÃùãÝ͗
W«½½Ϳ¥ÙÊÃ:ÃÃçΙ<ݫîÙ͕/Ä®
,ĂƌƉƌĞĞƚ<ŽƵƌ1͕ZŝŐnjŝŶzĂŶŐĚŽů2͕^ĂŶũĞĞǀ<ƵŵĂƌ3ΘzĂƐŚWĂů^ŚĂƌŵĂ4
1,2,3,4 Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
1 harpreet.mushrooms@gmail.com, 2 rigzinmushroom7145@gmail.com, 3 sanjeevkoul222@gmail.com,
4 yashdbm3@yahoo.co.in (corresponding author)
8403
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online)
ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
KWE^^
^«ÊÙãÊÃÃçÄ®ã®ÊÄ
:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂͮǁǁǁ͘ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͮϮϲ:ĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϲͮϴ;ϭͿ͗ϴϰϬϯʹϴϰϬϵ
K/͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĚdž͘ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬũŽƩ͘Ϯϭϳϯ͘ϴ͘ϭ͘ϴϰϬϯͲϴϰϬϵ
ĚŝƚŽƌ͗Z͘<͘sĞƌŵĂ͕dƌŽƉŝĐĂů&ŽƌĞƐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ͕:ĂďĂůƉƵƌ͕/ŶĚŝĂ͘ĂƚĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͗ 26 January 2016 (online & print)
DĂŶƵƐĐƌŝƉƚĚĞƚĂŝůƐ͗Ms # 2173 | Received 21 July 2015 | Final received 06 January 2016 | Finally accepted 11 January 2016
ŝƚĂƟŽŶ͗ Kour, H., R. Yangdol, S. Kumar & Y.P. Sharma (2016). Three species of Phallus ;ĂƐŝĚŝŽŵLJĐŽƚĂ͗ŐĂƌŝĐŽŵLJĐĞƚĞƐ͗WŚĂůůĂĐĞĂĞͿfrom Jammu & Kashmir, India.
Journal of Threatened Taxaϴ;ϭͿ͗8403–8409; ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĚdž͘ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬũŽƩ͘Ϯϭϳϯ͘ϴ͘ϭ͘ϴϰϬϯͲϴϰϬϵ
ŽƉLJƌŝŐŚƚ͗ © Kour et al. 2016͘ƌĞĂƟǀĞŽŵŵŽŶƐƩƌŝďƵƟŽŶϰ͘Ϭ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů>ŝĐĞŶƐĞ͘:ŽddĂůůŽǁƐƵŶƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚƵƐĞŽĨ ƚŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞŝŶĂŶLJŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞĐƌĞĚŝƚƚŽƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘
&ƵŶĚŝŶŐ͗hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ'ƌĂŶƚƐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕EĞǁĞůŚŝh'Ͳ^W'ƌĂŶƚEŽ͘&͘ϯͲϭϰͬϮϬϭϭ;^WͲ//ͿͲĚĂƚĞĚϭϵͬϬϯͬϮϬϭϱ͖
ĂŶĚZ'E&͗&ϭͲϭϳ͘ϭͬϮϬϭϯͲϭϰͬZ'E&ͲϮϬϭϯͲϭϰͲ^dͲ:DͲϯϳϯϲϮ&Ğď͘ϮϬϭϰ͘
ŽŶŇŝĐƚŽĨ/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͗dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĚĞĐůĂƌĞŶŽĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͘
ĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͗dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐǁŝƐŚƚŽƚŚĂŶŬƚŚĞ,ĞĂĚ͕ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŽƚĂŶLJ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ:ĂŵŵƵĂŶĚh'Ͳ^WĨŽƌƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐůĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů
ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘dŚĞ ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƵƚŚŽƌ ;ĂŶZ'E& ĨĞůůŽǁͿĂůƐŽ ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐƚŚĞ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĂƐ Ă ^ĞŶŝŽƌZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ&ĞůůŽǁƐŚŝƉ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ'ƌĂŶƚƐ
ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕EĞǁĞůŚŝ͘
Phallus ŝƐ Ă ǁĞůůͲŬŶŽǁŶ ŐĂƐƚĞƌŽŝĚ ŐĞŶƵƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ
ƚŚĞ ĨĂŵŝůLJ WŚĂůůĂĐĞĂĞ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϴ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ
ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ;<ŝƌŬĞƚĂů. ϮϬϬϴͿ͘/ŶĚĞdž&ƵŶŐŽƌƵŵĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐ
ĨŽƌϭϳϱƌĞĐŽƌĚƐĨŽƌƚŚŝƐŐĞŶƵƐ͘ŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐĂůůLJ͕ƚŚĞƐĞ
ƐƟŶŬŚŽƌŶƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ĨƌŽŵ ƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŽ ŽǀĂů ĞŐŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ
ĂŶ ŝŶŶĞƌ ŐĞůĂƟŶŽƵƐ ůĂLJĞƌ͕ ƵŶďƌĂŶĐŚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵƉƌŝŐŚƚ
ĨƌƵŝƟŶŐ ďŽĚŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ Ă ĨŽƵů ƐŵĞůůŝŶŐ ŐůĞďĂ ;ƌŽƌĂϭϵϴϲͿ͘
Predominantly occupying the tropical and subtropical
habitat, some species occur in temperate areas as
ǁĞůů;>ĞĞ ϭϵϱϳ͖ >ŝ Ğƚ Ăů͘ ϮϬϬϮ͖ĂƌƌĞƩΘ ^ƚƵĐŬĞLJϮϬϬϴ͖
Hemmes & Desjardin 2009; Dash et al. 2010; Mohanan
2011). In India, a number of Phallus species have been
ǁŝĚĞůLJƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĨƌŽŵǀĂƌŝŽƵƐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ;ŚĂŐǁĂƚ Ğƚ Ăů͘
ϮϬϬϱ͖ĂŬƐŚŝΘDĂŶĚĂůϮϬϬϲ͖^ǁĂƉŶĂĞƚĂů͘ϮϬϬϴ͖ĂƐŚ
Ğƚ Ăů͘ ϮϬϭϬ͖ DŽŚĂŶĂŶ ϮϬϭϭ͖ ƵƩĂ Ğƚ Ăů͘ ϮϬϭϮ͖ ^ƌŝĚŚĂƌ
Θ<ĂƌƵŶϮϬϭϯ͖dŝǁĂƌŝĞƚĂů͘ϮϬϭϯͿ͘ dŚŝƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ
ĚĞĂůƐǁŝƚŚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŽĨ Phallus ĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚǁŽ
ŚŝŐŚůLJ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝĮĞĚ ƚĞƌƌĂŝŶƐ ŽĨ :ĂŵŵƵ Θ <ĂƐŚŵŝƌ ^ƚĂƚĞ͕
ǁŚŝĐŚ ĚŝīĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ ƚŽ ĂůƟƚƵĚŝŶĂů ĂŶĚ ůĂƟƚƵĚŝŶĂů
njŽŶĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĞĚĂƉŚŝĐĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ͘
^ãçùÙ
:ĂŵŵƵΘ<ĂƐŚŵŝƌŚĂƐǀĞƌLJƌŝĐŚďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůǁĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚ
ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ ƵŶŝƋƵĞ ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ
ĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌƐĞĐůŝŵĂƟĐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝƚŝƐĂŶĂďŽĚĞ ƚŽĂ ůĂƌŐĞ
ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨŵĂĐƌŽͲĨƵŶŐŝ͘dŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƐƚƵĚLJ ǁĂƐĐĂƌƌŝĞĚ
ŽƵƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐ ĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚǁŽ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ
ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐŽĨ:ĂŵŵƵΘ<ĂƐŚŵŝƌ͗WŽŽŶĐŚĂŶĚ>ĞŚ;&ŝŐ͘ϭͿ͘
The district Poonch, cradled in the peaks of the Pir
WĂŶũĂů,ŝŵĂůĂLJĂŶƌĂŶŐĞƐ͕ůŝĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶϳϯ058’–74035’E &
33025’–34001’N. It is bounded by the Kashmir Valley in
the northeast, district Rajouri in the south and Pakistan
ŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚ <ĂƐŚŵŝƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĞƐƚ͘  dŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ
ƐƵďͲƚƌŽƉŝĐĂů ƚŽ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚĞ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ƌĞŐŝŵĞ͘  ǀĞƌĂŐĞ
temperature during the summer months is around 300C
ǁŚŝůĞŝŶƚŚĞ ǁŝŶƚĞƌŵŽŶƚŚƐŝƚŝƐ ĂƐ ůŽǁ ĂƐϴʹϭϬ0C. The
annual rainfall ranges from 1,635–1,796 mm, the bulk
ŽĨǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŵŽŶƐŽŽŶƉĞƌŝŽĚ;:ƵůLJƚŽ
ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗In this paper, three species of Phallus viz., P. macrosporus,
P. rubicundus and P. hadriani are described, illustrated and discussed
ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝŶĞ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ ŽĨ ŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉŝĐ
features. Out of these, P. macrosporusŝƐŶĞǁƚŽ/ŶĚŝĂ͘P. rubicundus is
ŶĞǁƚŽ:ĂŵŵƵΘ<ĂƐŚŵŝƌǁŚĞƌĞĂƐP. hadriani ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐĂŶĞǁƌĞƉŽƌƚ
ŽĨŝƚƐŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ:ĂŵŵƵ WƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ͘ŬĞLJƚŽƚŚĞŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞĚ
species is also provided.
<ĞLJǁŽƌĚƐ͗ >ĂĚĂŬŚ͕ ŶĞǁ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ WŚĂůůĂĐĞĂĞ͕ WŽŽŶĐŚ͕ ƐƟŶŬŚŽƌŶ͕
ƚĂdžŽŶŽŵLJ͘

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8403–84098404
Three Phallus species from Jammu & Kashmir Kour et al.
September). Silty loam and alluvial soil are the major
soil types of Poonch.
KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ ŚĂŶĚ͕ >ĞŚ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͕ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽůĚĞƐƚ
ĂŶĚ ŵŽƐƚ ĞůĞǀĂƚĞĚ ƉůĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ŝƐ ƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚ
ŝŶ ƚŚĞ >ĂĚĂŬŚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂŶ dƌĂŶƐͲ,ŝŵĂůĂLJĂ͘  /ƚ ŝƐ
ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϯϮ015’–36000’ & 75015’–800ϭϱ͛ ǁŝƚŚ
ĂŶ ĂůƟƚƵĚĞ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬʹϱ͕ϵϬϬ ŵ͘  dŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ
ŝƐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚ ďLJ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞ ŚĞĂƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůĚ͕ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞ
ďĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĚƌLJŶĞƐƐ͕ ůŽǁ ŽdžLJŐĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐ
ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ͘ dŚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ŇƵĐƚƵĂƚĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϯϱ0C
during summer to a minimum of -350ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞ
ǁŝŶƚĞƌ͘dŚĞĂŶŶƵĂůƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶŝƐǀĞƌLJůŝƩůĞŝ͘Ğ͕͘ϴϬʹϯϬϬ
mm and thus the absence of rainfall over the greater
ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ LJĞĂƌ ŚĂƐ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ džĞƌŽƉŚLJƟĐ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ͘
The soil is predominantly sandy to sandy loam and pure
ĐůĂLJǁŝƚŚůŽǁŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ͘
Dã«ÊÝ
dŚĞ ƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐ ĞdžĂŵŝŶĞĚ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ
study area during 2014–2015. Habitat details and
ĮĞůĚ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŚĂďŝƚ͕ ŽĚŽƵƌ͕ ĐŽůŽƵƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŝnjĞ
ŽĨƚŚĞƉŝůĞƵƐ ;ĐĂƉͿ͕ƉƐĞƵĚŽƐƟƉĞĂŶĚǀŽůǀĂ͕ ƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽƌ
ĂďƐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŝŶĚƵƐŝƵŵ Žƌ ǀĞŝů ǁĞƌĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ
ĨƌĞƐŚ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘ dŚĞ ŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉŝĐ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞĚ
from dried specimen, revived in 5% KOH, and stained
ŝŶ ϭй ŽŶŐŽ ƌĞĚ͘  DŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉŝĐ ůŝŶĞ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ ǁĞƌĞ
ŵĂĚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂŝĚ ŽĨ Ă ĐĂŵĞƌĂ ůƵĐŝĚĂ͘  DŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉŝĐ
ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐĂ^ŽŶLJEϱϬĐĂŵĞƌĂ
ĂƩĂĐŚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂŶ KůLJŵƉƵƐ , ϮϬŝ ďŝŶŽĐƵůĂƌ ŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ
ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ
ĨŽƌ ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ͘  dŚĞ ŵĞĂŶ
ƋƵŽƟĞŶƚ;YͿŽĨƚŚĞƐƉŽƌĞůĞŶŐƚŚĚŝǀŝĚĞĚďLJƐƉŽƌĞǁŝĚƚŚ
ǁĂƐ ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ϮϬ ŵĂƚƵƌĞ
ďĂƐŝĚŝŽƐƉŽƌĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ĞdžĂŵŝŶĞĚ ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĚĞƉŽƐŝƚĞĚ
in the Herbarium of Botany Department, University of
Jammu (HBJU).
ZÝç½ãÝÄ®ÝçÝÝ®ÊÄ
ϭ͘WŚĂůůƵƐŵĂĐƌŽƐƉŽƌƵƐ͘>ŝƵ͕͘z͘>ŝΘƵ;ϭϵϴϬͿ
DĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĞdžĂŵŝŶĞĚ͗ ,:h ϰϬϮ͕ Ϭϯ͘ǀŝŝŝ͘ϮϬϭϰ͕
WŚĞLJ sŝůůĂŐĞ͕ >ĞŚ͕ :ĂŵŵƵ Θ <ĂƐŚŵŝƌ͕ /ŶĚŝĂ͕ ƐŽůŝƚĂƌLJ͕
ŚƵŵŝĐŽůŽƵƐ͕ŝŶ ĂĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚĮĞůĚŽĨďĂƌůĞLJ ;dŽŚͿ͕ĐŽůů͘Z͘
Yangdol and Y.P. Sharma.
džƉĂŶĚĞĚ ďĂƐŝĚŝŽŵĂƚĂ͗ ϭϰ͘ϬĐŵ ŚŝŐŚ͕ ƐŽůŝƚĂƌLJ͘
ZĞĐĞƉƚĂĐůĞ͗ ĐŽŶǀĞdž͕ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ĚĞĞƉůLJ ƌĞƟĐƵůĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ
ƉĞƌĨŽƌĂƚĞĚ ĂƉĞdž͘ 'ůĞďĂ͗ KůŝǀĞ ďƌŽǁŶ͕ ŵƵĐŝůĂŐŝŶŽƵƐ͘
WƐĞƵĚŽƐƟƉĞ͗ ĐLJůŝŶĚƌŝĐĂů͕ ϴ͘ϱ п Ϯ͘Ϯ Đŵ͕ ƐƉŽŶŐLJ͕ ŚŽůůŽǁ͕
ǁŚŝƚĞ ǁŚĞŶ ĨƌĞƐŚ͕ ůŝŐŚƚ LJĞůůŽǁ ǁŚĞŶ ĚƌŝĞĚ͘ sŽůǀĂ͗
ƐĂĐĐĂƚĞ͕ ϯ͘ϱ dž Ϯ͘ϲ Đŵ͕ ŵĞŵďƌĂŶŽƵƐ͕ ƌĞĚĚŝƐŚ ƟŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ
ƉƵƌƉůĞ͘ KĚŽƵƌ͗ ƉƵŶŐĞŶƚ͘ ĂƐŝĚŝŽƐƉŽƌĞƐ͗ ĞůůŝƉƐŽŝĚĂů͕
ϲ͘ϰʹϴ͘Ϭ п ϰ͘Ϭʹϰ͘ϴ ʅŵ͕ Ăv> с ϳ͘Ϯ͕ Ăvt с ϰ͘ϰ͕ Y с ϭ͘ϲʹ
ϭ͘ϳ͕ ƐƵďŚLJĂůŝŶĞ ƚŽ ůŝŐŚƚ ŐƌĞĞŶŝƐŚ͕ ƐŵŽŽƚŚ͘ ĂƐŝĚŝĂ͗ ŶŽƚ
ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘ WŝůĞƵƐ ŚLJƉŚĂĞ͗ ƐĞƉƚĂƚĞ͕ŚLJĂůŝŶĞ͕ ƚŚŝŶ ǁĂůůĞĚ͕
ďƌĂŶĐŚĞĚ͕ĐůĂŵƉĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͕ϭ͘ϲʹϯ͘ϮʅŵǁŝĚĞ͘
WƐĞƵĚŽƐƟƉĞ͗ ĐŽŵƉŽƐĞĚ ŽĨ ŚLJĂůŝŶĞ ŚLJƉŚĂĞ͕ ϭ͘ϲʹϰ͘ϴʅŵ
&ŝŐƵƌĞϭ͘^ƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂͲ:ĂŵŵƵĂŶĚ<ĂƐŚŵŝƌ
ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐŝƚĞƐ
India
&ŝŐƵƌĞϮ͘WŚĂůůƵƐŵĂĐƌŽƐƉŽƌƵƐ͘ĂŵĞƌĂůƵĐŝĚĂĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ͗;ĂͿ
ĂƐŝĚŝŽƐƉŽƌĞƐ͖;ďͿWŝůĞƵƐŚLJƉŚĂĞ͖;ĐͿ^ƟƉĞŚLJƉŚĂĞĂŶĚĐĞůůƐ͖;ĚͿ
sŽůǀĂůŚLJƉŚĂĞ͘^ĐĂůĞďĂƌƐĂ͕ď͕Ěсϭϱђŵ͕ĐсϮϬђŵ͘ΞZŝŐnjŝŶzĂŶŐĚŽů
a
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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8403–8409 
Three Phallus species from Jammu & Kashmir Kour et al.
wide and sub-globose cells measuring 18.0–48.0×
14.0–44.0 μm. Volva: composed of septate, branched,
hyaline, thick walled hyphae, 2.4–16.0 μm wide, clamp
connecons present (Image 1, Fig. 2).
Taxonomic remarks: The present specimen of P.
macrosporus is similar to the descripon given by
Calonge (2005), with reculate receptacle, reddish to
purple volva and large sized basidiospores. The overall
morphology of the basidiomata resembles P. hadriani
but the presence of large sized basidiospores clearly
dierenates it from the laer. This is a new report for
India.
Distribuon: Earlier reported from China (Liu et al. 1980)
Phallus rubicundus (Bosc) Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(2):
284 (1823)
Synonymy: Satyrus rubicundus Bosc, Mag.
Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 5: 86 (1811)
Phallus rubicundus (Bosc) Fr., Syst.
mycol. (Lundae) 2(2): 284 (1823) var. rubicundus
Ithyphallus rubicundus (Bosc) E. Fisch., Syll.
fung. (Abellini) 5: 11 (1888) var. rubicundus
Phallus rubicundus var. gracillimus Dring & R.W. Rayner,
(1967)
Material examined: HBJU 403, 10.viii.2014, Khorinar,
Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, India, solitary, humicolous,
in a culvated eld, coll. H. Kour and Y.P. Sharma.
Eggs: ovate, white, smooth, 2.0–3.0 cm wide, mycelial
strands aached to the base. Mature basidiocarp: 14.0–
19.0 cm long. Pseudospe: decurved, peach coloured,
spongiose, tapering towards the apex, deeply reculate.
Receptacle: conical, with a at p with conspicuous
pore at the apex. Gleba: olivaceous, covering the whole
length of the receptacle. Volva saccate, 14.0–17.0
cm, creamish-white. Odour: pungent. Basidiospores:
ellipcal, 3.2–4.8 × 1.6–2.4 μm, avL = 4.0 avW = 2.0, Q
= 2.0, hyaline, smooth, greenish nted in KOH. Pileus
hyphae: septate, hyaline, branched, 1.6–3.2 μm wide.
Spe cells: sub-globose, hyaline, 28.0–60.0 × 28.0–52.0
μm. Volva: composed of septate hyphae, 3.2–4.8 μm
wide. Rhizomorph hyphae: hyaline, septate, 1.6–3.2 μm
wide (Image 2, Fig. 3).
Phallus macrosporus 

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8403–8409
Three Phallus species from Jammu & Kashmir Kour et al.
Taxonomic remarks: P. rubicundus, commonly
known as Devil’s snkhorn, can easily be confused
with Munus elegans but a close examinaon reveals
that P. rubicundus has a clearly disnguished, separate
head that holds the spore containing olive green slime
whereas the species of Munus bear their slime on the
upper part of a stem that lacks a clearly disnguished
head. Earlier, this species was found on the ground and
on dead roots of grass but our examined species was
found inhabing the lier and dead logs. It is new to
Jammu & Kashmir.
Distribuon: Previously reported from West Africa
and Brazil (Dring 1964; Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009)
and Dua et al. (2012) reported it from West Bengal,
India.
Phallus hadriani 
Synonymy: Hymenophallus hadriani (Vent.)
Nees, Syst. Pilze (Würzburg): 251 (1816)
Phallus hadriani Vent., Mém. Inst. nat. Sci. Arts 1:
Phallus rubicundus

517 (1798) f. hadriani
Phallus iosmos Berk., in Smith, Engl. Fl., Fungi (Edn 2)
(London) 5(2): 227 (1836)
Phallus imperialis Schulzer, in Kalchbrenner, Icon. Sel.
Hymenomyc. Hung.: 63, pl. 40, g. 1 (1873)
Material examined: HBJU 401, 18.v.2015, Khorinar,
Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, India, solitary, humicolous,
in a culvated eld among the trees of Melia azardicta
and Prunus domesca, coll. H. Kour and Y.P. Sharma
Eggs: sub-globose to pyriform, 4.0–6.0 × 4.0–5.0
cm, inially white in colour, later turned pink to purple
colour with scales forming reculate paern on the
surface, partly subterranean, aached to the substrate
by a mycelial cord; when cut found the snkhorn to be
enclosed in a gelanous substance. Mature basidiomata:
20.0–25.0 cm high. Receptacle: 2.5–4.0 cm wide,
strongly reculated with a perforaon at its p. Gleba:
Olive green, with the disappearance of gleba receptacle
appeared pure white. Pseudospe: cylindrical, 7.0–10.0
cm long and 1.2–2.5 cm wide, hollow, spongy, white
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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8403–8409 
Three Phallus species from Jammu & Kashmir Kour et al.
Phallus rubicundus.



when fresh, became light yellow when dried. Volva:
2.0–3.0 cm wide, light purple. Basidiospores: 2.4–3.2
(4.8) × 0.8–1.6µm, avL = 3.2, avW = 1.2, Q= 2.7, ellipcal,
smooth, subhyaline, greenish nge in KOH. Basidia:
elongated, cylindrical, a bit broader at centre, 14.4–16.0
× 2.4–3.2 µm, Sterigmata 8 in number. Receptacle:
composed of hyaline, septate and branched hyphae and
measures about 2.4–3.2 µm. Pseudospe: comprises
subglobular cells, 1.6–4.8 µm. Volval hyphae: hyaline,
septate, branched, 1.6–4.8 µm (Image 3, Fig. 4).
Taxonomic remarks: Macro- and microscopic
features of the present specimen corroborates well
with the descripon given by Calonge (2005). Phallus
impudicus is a closely related species but diers only
in the colour of the volva which is white in the former
and purplish in our described species. This snkhorn
species is somemes mistaken for an old morel owing
to its pied head, somewhat similar in shape with a
lack of slimy spores mass (which may be lost in old
age). Although, this species had earlier been enlisted
by Abraham (1991) from Kashmir but we are describing
it for the rst me. Thus, it constutes a new record for
Jammu province.
Distribuon: Earlier reported from Turkey and Poland
(Zabawski 1976; Demirel & Uzun 2004)

   Kashmir fungal ora - An overview. Indian
Mushroom Florisc Studies 13-24.
Mushrooms Demysed. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley,
California, USA, 936pp.
      Acvies of some catabolic
and anabolic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism during
developmental phases of fruit-bodies of Dictyophora indusiata and
Geastrum fornicatum. Current Science 90: 10621064.
Phallus merulinus newly reported for
the top end. Fungimap Newsleers 36: 116.
 
The role of informal protected areas in maintaining biodiversity in
the Western Ghats of India. Ecology and Society 10: 1–40.
A tentave key to idenfy the species of Phallus.
Bulleno del Circolo Micrologo 29: 9–18.
          Phallus indusiatus
Vent. & Pers. (Basidiomycetes) - a new generic record from Eastern
Ghats of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(8 ): 1096–1098; hp://
dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2305.1096-8
      Two new records of Phallales for the
mycoora of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 213–214.
   Gasteromycetes of West Tropical Africa.
Mycological Papers 98: 1–60.
         
Phallales of West Bengal, India. II. Phallaceae: Phallus and Munus.
Researcher 4: 2125.
     Snkhorns of the Hawaiian
Islands. Fungi 2: 8–10.
Ainsworth
and Bisby‟s “Diconary of the Fungi - 10th Edion. CAB Internaonal,
Wallingford, UK, 771pp.
Two new phalloids from Taiwan. Mycologia 49: 156
Phallus hadriani



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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8403–84098408
Three Phallus species from Jammu & Kashmir Kour et al.
Phallus hadriani



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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8403–8409 
Three Phallus species from Jammu & Kashmir Kour et al.
Phallus
1. Receptacle granulose or rugulose .................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Receptacle reculate ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
2. Receptacle conical, pseudospe reddish to orangish, basidiospores 3.2–4.8 × 1.6–2.4 µm, volva white ...........................
............................................................................................................................................... Phallus rubicundus (Bosc) Fr.
3. Basidiospores size less than or equals to 5µm ................................................................................................................. 4
3. Basidiospores size more than 5µm ................................................................................................................................... 5
4. With spores of 2.4–3.2 (4.8) × 0.8–1.6 µm, volva purple with scales .............................................. Phallus hadriani Vent.
5. With spores of 6.4–8.0 ×4.0–4.8 µm, volva pale reddish to purplish nge ............ Phallus macrosporus B. Liu, B. Li & Du
158.
      Three taxa of Phallaceae in HMAS,
China. Fungal Diversity 11: 123127.
”Phallus macrosporus new species”. Acta
Microbiologica Sinica (in Chinese) 20: 124126.
   Macrofungi of Kerala. Kerala Forest Research
Instute, Kerala, India.
On the Basket Snkhorn Mushroom
Phallus merulinus (Phallaceae) in Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(5): 3985–3988; hp://dx.doi.
org/10.11609/JoTT.o3312.3985-8
 Diversity of macrofungi
in semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest of Shimoga District,
Karnataka. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 38: 2126.
      Atlas of
Wood Decaying Fungi of central India. Tropical Forest Research
Instute, Jabalpur, India.
   
An emendaon of Phallus glunolens. Mycological Progress
8: 377380; hp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0603-7
 New localies of Phallus hadriani, new record in
the northwest Poland. Fragmenta Florisc et Geobotanica 22: 623–
26.


All articles published in the Journal of Threatened Taxa are registered under Cre-
ative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License unless otherwise mentioned.
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January 2016 | Vol. 8 | No. 1 | Pages: 8309–8420
Date of Publicaon: 26 January 2016 (Online & Print)
DOI: 10.11609/jo.2016.8.1.8309-8420
www.threatenedtaxa.org
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
OPEN ACCESS
Threatened Taxa
Arcle
Habitat quanty of Red-cockaded Woodpecker Picoides
borealis (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in its former historic
landscape near the Big Thicket Naonal Preserve, Texas, USA
-- Vivek Thapa & Miguel F. Acevedo, Pp. 8309–8322
Communicaons
The conservaon status of the Fishing Cat Prionailurus
viverrinus Benne, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) In Koshi Tappu
Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
-- Iain Rothie Taylor, Hem Sagar Baral, Prava Pandey & Prava
Kaspal, Pp. 8323–8332
Avifauna of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, India with
emphasis on Kalatop-Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary and its
surroundings
-- Tariq Ahmed Shah, Vishal Ahuja, Marna Anandam &
Chelmala Srinivasulu, Pp. 8333–8357
Status and populaon of vultures in Moyar Valley, southern
India
-- R. Venkitachalam & S. Senthilnathan, Pp. 8358–8364
Short Communicaons
First record of Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 (Chiroptera:
Vesperlionidae) from Nepal
-- Dibya Dahal, Sanjan Thapa & Khadga Basnet, Pp. 8365–8368
Avifaunal diversity in Assam University Campus, Silchar,
India
-- Biswajit Chakdar, Parthankar Choudhury & Hilloljyo Singha,
Pp. 8369–8378
New locality record of the Travancore Bush Frog Raorchestes
travancoricus Boulenger, 1891 (Amphibia: Anura:
Rhacophoridae) from Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India
-- K.P. Rajkumar, T.S. Prasad, Sandeep Das, R. Sreehari, P.S.
Easa & K.A. Sreejith, Pp. 8379–8382
Descripons of four new species of Dicopomorpha Ogloblin
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from India with a
key to Indian species
-- A. Rameshkumar & S. Manickavasagam, Pp. 8383–8388
Taxonomic studies on Acridinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea:
Acrididae) from the northeastern states of India
-- Mohammed Imran Khan & Mohammed Kamil Usmani,
Pp. 8389–8397
Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot. in West Khasi
Hills of Meghalaya, northeastern India: re-collecon and
implicaons for conservaon
-- Aabid Hussain Mir, Viheno Iralu, Ngakhainii Trune Pao,
Gunjana Chaudhury, Clarence G. Khonglah, K.L. Chaudhary,
B.K. Tiwari & Krishna Upadhaya, Pp. 8398–8402
Three species of Phallus (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes:
Phallaceae) from Jammu & Kashmir, India
-- Harpreet Kour, Rigzin Yangdol, Sanjeev Kumar & Yash Pal
Sharma, Pp. 8403–8409
Notes
Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus (Aves: Passeriformes:
Sylviidae) in Sanjay Gandhi Naonal Park, Maharashtra -
a rare record for peninsular India
-- Parvish Pandya, Vikrant Choursiya & Jyo James, Pp. 8410–
8411
Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf.
(Orchidaceae), new addion to the ora of Gujarat, India
-- Mital R. Bha & Padamnabhi S. Nagar, Pp. 8412–8414
Response & Reply
Comments on the list of marine mammals from Kerala
-- R.P. Kumarran, Pp. 8415–8416
Checklist of Marine Mammals of Kerala - a reply to
Kumarran (2016) and the updated Checklist of Marine
Mammals of Kerala
-- P.O. Nameer, Pp. 8417–8420