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Barriers to putting businesses on the Internet in Malaysia
... Security is perhaps the most feared problem on the internet. Banks and customers take a very high risk by dealing electronically (Mukti,[35]; Chung and Paynter, [36]. It is noted that although consumer's confidence in their bank was strong, yet their confidence in the technology was weak [37]. ...
... Online banking was launched in Finland in the year 1996. It has become common place across that country International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 2, April 2012 with penetration rates of over 50 per cent, with penetration rates of over 60 per cent among private bank customers and in some age categories (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) in the year 2004 according to the Finnish Banking Association's survey of usage of credit, the penetration rate is over 70 percent [22]. As per the latest results about 84 percent of the Finns use internet today with the usage of internet banking at 67 percent for activities such as bill payments. ...
... Previous study suggests that perceived risk is an important ingredient in consumer decision making process regarding the adoption of information technology [13,48]. The review of literature suggest that most of the studies have been done on issues related to Internet banking in countries like Australia [17], Malaysia [35]; [36] and [41] , Singapore [32], Turkey vs. ...
Financial liberalization and technology revolution have allowed the developments of new and more efficient delivery and processing channels as well as more innovative products and services in banking industry. A strategic challenge facing banking institutions today is the growing and changing needs and expectations of consumers in tandem with increased education levels and growing wealth. Consumers are becoming increasingly discerning and have become more involved in their financial decisions. This study determines the factors influencing the consumer's adoption of e-banking in India and hence investigates the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk on use of e-banking. It is an essential part of a bank's strategy formulation process in an emerging economy like India. Survey based questionnaire design with empirical test was carried out. The results have supported the hypothesis that banks need to highlight the benefits of e-banking, make it easy to use, and enhance its security to improve consumers' trust. Index Terms-e banking, perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk.
... With the identification of those weaknesses and strengths, there are possibilities of better planning to EC adoption and implementation in order to acquire its numerous advantages. There are numerous models or frameworks about EC adoption (Akkeren & Cavaye, 2000; Daniel & Grimshaw, 2002; Fiona & Cathy, 2000; Grandon & Michael, 2004; Jun, 2003; Ling, 2001; Mehrtens, Cragg, & Mills, 2001; Molla & Licker, 2005b; Mukti, 2000; Tan, Tyler, & Manica, 2007; Wang & Tasi, 2002; Zhu, Kracmir, & Xu, 2002), eReadiness (APEC, 1999APEC, , 2000 Budhiraha, 2004; CSPP, 1998; Julta, Bodorick, & Dhaliwad, 2002; Kirkman, Osorio, & Sachs, 2002; Mcconnell, 2000; Molla & Licker, 2005a; Rao, Truong, Senecal, & Le, 2007; Rashid & Qirim, 2001; Ruikar, Anumba, & Carrillo, 2006; Siemieniuch & Sinclair, 2004), and EC implementation (Zulkifli, 2001). Beyond the criteria mentioned in the current models and frameworks, it is necessary to consider and evaluate the important criteria such as compatibility, Internet security, interoperability, leadership and management, financial structure, organizational culture and competitors, which no models or frameworks to date have covered all of them. ...
... Going through articles and researches,Table 2 indicates the technical criteria for EC adoption. Based onTable 2, issue of Internet security (APEC, 1999; Jun, 2003; Mukti, 2000; Turban, Kelly, Porter, & Richard, 2002; Wang & Tasi, 2002) and then compatibility (Heck & Ribbers, 1999; Ling, 2001; Rashid & Qirim, 2001; Trouong, 2002) are the frequent criteria for the technical dimension. ...
a b s t r a c t In order to acquire the numerous advantages of electronic commerce, issue of evaluating electronic com-merce adoption has its own importance. For this purpose, based on the scientific research and literature reviews, technical, organizational and inter-organizational are identified as the three dimensions for eval-uating electronic commerce adoption of the companies. Thereafter, expert viewpoints were put forward about criteria and indicators in each of the above-mentioned dimensions. On the basis of identified indica-tors and criteria, a framework was developed for evaluating the electronic commerce adoption in Iranian companies. Furthermore in this research, the framework is tested in 27 Iranian companies. The result indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between degree of electronic commerce adoption and stages of electronic commerce development in the companies. Based on the findings and test of the framework, it will present necessary guidelines for evaluating electronic commerce adoption.
... A careful study of these barriers and necessary support led to the model shown inFigure 1. The adoption is dependent on the barriers the SMEs are faced with and the support provided to overcome them.Van Akkeren, 1999a;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;Straeder, 2000;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002;Jacobs, 2000;Elsammami, 2001;Panagariya, 2000;Bolongkikit, 2006;Mukti, 2000;Cloete, 2002Fears & concerns over securityAuger, 1997;Asia Foundation, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Jacobs, 2000;El-Nawawy, 1999;Bolongkikit, 2006;Mukti, 2000;Cloete, 2002;Looi, 2005;Elkin, 2001;Anigan, 1999;Van Akkeren, 1999b;Jensen, 2004Lack of knowledge, education and trainingAuger, 1997;Kotwica, 2001;PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2000Lack of knowledge of technologyJacovou, 1995;El-Nawawy, 1999;OECD, 1998;Schmid, 2001;SLBDC, 2002;Cloete, 2002;Kirby, 1993less use of e-commerce by customers and suppliersCloete, 2002;Lewis, 2002;Ihlstrom, 2001;PriceWaterhouse Coopers, 1999;Sukovskis, 2002Inadequate infrastructure telecommunication, financial, transportationBingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;Asia Foundation, 2000;Straeder, 2000;Smith, 2000;Chappel, 1999;Dedrick, 2001;El-Nawawy, 1999;Panagariya, 2000;Looi, 2005;Schmid, 2001;OECD, 1997;Zhuang, 2003Lack of skills among consumers in Internet usePanagariya, 2000;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999low bank account and credit card penetrationPanagariya, 2000;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;SLBDC, 2002;Dedrick, 2001Poor product match or 'not suited to my type of businesses.Ihlstrom, 2001;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002;Jacobs, 2000;Bolongkikit, 2006;OECD, 1997;Poon & Storm, 1997;Yellow Pages, 2002the owner's lack of awareness of perceived benefitsCloete, 2002;Jacovou, 1995;OECD, 1998Lack of financial resource & VanAkkeren, 1999a;Smith, 2000;Chappel, 1999;Dedrick, 2001;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002Kotwica, 2001;Lawson, 2001;Cloete, 2002;OECD, 1998;El-Nawawy, 1999;Auger,1997Return on investmentLooi, 2005;Cloete, 2002;Dedrick, 2001;Van Akkeren, 1999bInsufficient information into benefits, how to implementVan Akkeren, 1999b;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Elsammami, 2001Lack of awareness of the potential of e-commerce for their businessKotwica, 2001;PriceWaterhouse Coopers, 1999;Lawrence, 1997;Quayle, 2002;Walczuch, 2000, low computer and Internet penetrationPanagariya, 2000;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;SLBDC, 2002;Dedrick, 2001;Jacovou, 1995Insufficient time and the amount of work required to maintain e-commerceVan Akkeren, 1999;Straeder, 2000;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002;Jacobs, 2000;Elsammami, 2001Jacovou et al., 1995;Kirby et al., 1993;Looi, 2005;Molla et al., 2005a;Lawrence, 1997Firm Characteristics Thong et al., 1996Looi, 2005;Chong, 2006;Mehrtens et al., 2001 ...
... A careful study of these barriers and necessary support led to the model shown inFigure 1. The adoption is dependent on the barriers the SMEs are faced with and the support provided to overcome them.Van Akkeren, 1999a;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;Straeder, 2000;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002;Jacobs, 2000;Elsammami, 2001;Panagariya, 2000;Bolongkikit, 2006;Mukti, 2000;Cloete, 2002Fears & concerns over securityAuger, 1997;Asia Foundation, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Jacobs, 2000;El-Nawawy, 1999;Bolongkikit, 2006;Mukti, 2000;Cloete, 2002;Looi, 2005;Elkin, 2001;Anigan, 1999;Van Akkeren, 1999b;Jensen, 2004Lack of knowledge, education and trainingAuger, 1997;Kotwica, 2001;PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2000Lack of knowledge of technologyJacovou, 1995;El-Nawawy, 1999;OECD, 1998;Schmid, 2001;SLBDC, 2002;Cloete, 2002;Kirby, 1993less use of e-commerce by customers and suppliersCloete, 2002;Lewis, 2002;Ihlstrom, 2001;PriceWaterhouse Coopers, 1999;Sukovskis, 2002Inadequate infrastructure telecommunication, financial, transportationBingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;Asia Foundation, 2000;Straeder, 2000;Smith, 2000;Chappel, 1999;Dedrick, 2001;El-Nawawy, 1999;Panagariya, 2000;Looi, 2005;Schmid, 2001;OECD, 1997;Zhuang, 2003Lack of skills among consumers in Internet usePanagariya, 2000;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999low bank account and credit card penetrationPanagariya, 2000;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;SLBDC, 2002;Dedrick, 2001Poor product match or 'not suited to my type of businesses.Ihlstrom, 2001;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002;Jacobs, 2000;Bolongkikit, 2006;OECD, 1997;Poon & Storm, 1997;Yellow Pages, 2002the owner's lack of awareness of perceived benefitsCloete, 2002;Jacovou, 1995;OECD, 1998Lack of financial resource & VanAkkeren, 1999a;Smith, 2000;Chappel, 1999;Dedrick, 2001;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002Kotwica, 2001;Lawson, 2001;Cloete, 2002;OECD, 1998;El-Nawawy, 1999;Auger,1997Return on investmentLooi, 2005;Cloete, 2002;Dedrick, 2001;Van Akkeren, 1999bInsufficient information into benefits, how to implementVan Akkeren, 1999b;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Elsammami, 2001Lack of awareness of the potential of e-commerce for their businessKotwica, 2001;PriceWaterhouse Coopers, 1999;Lawrence, 1997;Quayle, 2002;Walczuch, 2000, low computer and Internet penetrationPanagariya, 2000;Bingi, 2000;Anigan, 1999;SLBDC, 2002;Dedrick, 2001;Jacovou, 1995Insufficient time and the amount of work required to maintain e-commerceVan Akkeren, 1999;Straeder, 2000;Smith, 2000;Moussi, 2000;Lewis, 2002;Jacobs, 2000;Elsammami, 2001Jacovou et al., 1995;Kirby et al., 1993;Looi, 2005;Molla et al., 2005a;Lawrence, 1997Firm Characteristics Thong et al., 1996Looi, 2005;Chong, 2006;Mehrtens et al., 2001 ...
Research into e-commerce and eTransformation indicates viable and practical solutions from e-commerce for organizations to meet challenges of a predominantly changing economic environment. Much of this research relates to developed countries ready to pounce on new approaches. However, developing countries seem to fall far behind. The few available studies related to SMEs in developing countries reveal a delay or failure on the part of SMEs to adopt ICT and e-commerce technologies. Various factors identified as causes for this reticence can be broadly classified as Internal Barriers and External Barriers. Exploring the identified barriers further, with an exploratory pilot study and interviews, this paper answers the question how barriers for adoption of e-commence impact the SMEs at different stages of sophistication. The paper also presents a framework to determine the current stage of an SME on a roadmap, which tracks eTransformation, and assists in overcoming barriers for moving between stages. Proceeding further, it identifies barriers predominant at various levels for different SMEs on the roadmap. Accordingly, SMEs at discrete stages need to be supported differently to suit requirements pertaining to level of ICT Sophistication. The proposed framework is a pointer in this direction to assist SMEs, policy makers and other stakeholders in addressing issues impeding adoption of e-commerce technologies in SMEs in developing countries.
... Although it has been acknowledged widely that the adoption and diffusion of eCommerce by businesses in developing countries is an important economic indicator of growth [53,54], there are few empirical studies [19,23,45,57,75] and only one comprehensive model [53,54]. This model was tested once, in development. ...
... The Chinese Government controls, censors and monitors all aspects of the Internet, and the international gateway, which connects China to the World Wide Web. This is done in order to restrict access to politically harmful information and to safeguard national security [57]. In summary, the increasing number of Internet users and Government guidelines promoting adoption of Internet Technology in companies is facilitating the development of eCommerce in China. ...
There is an absence of research on business-to-business eCommerce in developing countries which covers wide-ranging issues beyond contextual imperatives. This paper analyzes eCommerce adoption by businesses in China from internal, external and contextual perspectives.The contributions of this paper are to extend and adapt the Perceived eReadiness Model [A. Molla, P.S. Licker, eCommerce adoption in developing countries: a model and instrument, Information & Management (42) 2005, pp. 877–899; A. Molla, P.S. Licker, Perceived E-Readiness factors in e-Commerce adoption: an empirical investigation in a developing country, International Journal of Electronic Commerce 10(1), 2005, pp. 83–110] to eCommerce in China in an empirical study of 134 Chinese SME's. This study validates the Perceived eReadiness Model [53,54]. It further analyzes the contextual and organizational factors that affect business-to-business eCommerce adoption in China. Findings show that the important inhibiting factors in China are restricted access to computers, lack of internal trust, lack of enterprise-wide information sharing, intolerance towards failure, and incapability of dealing with rapid change. These variables are analysed in the context of Chinese culture.
... However, SMEs also face many challenges in ICT. For example, Internet security has been regarded as the key to e-commerce diffusion (Alam et al. 2004;Mukti 2000;Udo 2001). A number of studies (Limthongchai and Speece 2003;Kendall et. ...
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contributes a significant portion in the economic pie both in the developed and developing countries. The development and growth of SMEs in Malaysia has significant impact in social development, boosting productivity and increasing employment. Training is one of the issues and challenges faced by SMEs studied by previous researchers. Studies also finds training as one of the potential tools for capacity building of SMEs. Hence, to ensure the sustainability of the SMEs, an understanding towards their training status is worth studying for. This chapter identifies the background of SMEs in Malaysia, provides an indicator on the training requirement and type of training received by SMEs in different fields. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire that involved questions regarding the type of training received and needed by SMEs in different fields of business. A total of 344 respondents were surveyed and then analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as SPSS software. More than half of the respondents did not have any prior business experience. Training gap was measured by looking into the differences between the training received and training requirement by SMEs. From the analysis and observation, a significant training gap was revealed among the SMEs in terms of what they have received and what they require currently as well as in future. This difference was further confirmed by ‘t-test’. A significant correlation was found between training received and training requirement of SMEs. Higher training requirement was associated to higher training received. Majority of the respondents required training in all the mentioned fields in both current and future times. It was also found that there was an increase in training requirement comparing to what they received. This finding supports the training gap and correlation realized in this chapter.
... The main contribution of this study is to add to the dearth literature of the users' perceptions of e-commerce study in the context of Malaysia in general and in particular to the study of e-commerce experiences and challenges. This study revisits the bad experiences face by Malaysian customers and interestingly identified that security or unsecured operation in e-commerce transaction is no longer a serious issue to Malaysian customers although it was on the top of the list in the studies conducted in the last decade (Alam et al. 2008, Khatibi et al. 2003, Lallmahamood 2007, Mukti 2000, Paynter and Lim 2001). The burning issue for the customers today is slow internet followed by slow delivery of the products, poor quality products, complicated method of payments and unfriendly website. ...
The main objective of the current study is to explore the challenges the Malaysian consumers face in terms of e-commerce experiences with small businesses in general. In addition, the study looks into the potential impacts of demographic profiles of respondents on the e-commerce experiences in general and bad experiences in particular. The results suggest that e-commerce users face highest challenges with after purchase services followed by overall quality, usage experience, value, and installation. Regarding bad experiences, slow internet appears on the top of the list followed by slow delivery of the products, unfriendly website, poor quality products, complicated payment system, and unsecured operations. Also, this study reveals that security issue is no longer serious issue for Malaysian customers. The demographic characteristics have significant impacts on the level of satisfaction perceived in the e-commerce transaction while regarding bad experiences the demographic profiles have little or no impacts.
... The development of e-commerce exerts a positive influence on economy, especially in developing countries. A number of researchers give an overview of the development trends in today's Russian internet market [1][2][3], examine the barriers to and drivers of the expansion of e-commerce in Russia [4][5][6], and undertake surveys of companies on challenges to be tackled while adapting business to the conditions in the Russian ecommerce market [7]. Using the power of the Internet, companies are able to gain access to foreign markets and expand distribution channels creating an effective system of association between suppliers JIBC November 2016, Vol. ...
Russian commercial enterprises operate in conditions of increased competition and global effects of the world economic crisis. Limited financial resources, instability of the economic environment, escalating demands of consumers for the quality of services make it necessary to search for additional sales channels. With the popularization of the Internet and integrated automation of economic sectors, the role of e-commerce is becoming increasingly important. In 2015, the B2C e-commerce turnover in Russia increased by 6.6% compared to the previous year and amounted to 21.621 million euros. Russia is ranked first in Europe in terms of the number of e-shoppers (30 million people in 2015), and this number keeps on growing steadily. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the obstacles to and the opportunities for the development of the Russian e-commerce market. High practical importance and lack of theoretical basis underlie the relevance of the article’s subject.
... Therefore, Syrian respondents have not given high rates to these both impediments which have social and culture nature. However, in order to identify the primary inhibitors to the development of e-commerce in Syria, we have identified the barriers according to their importance and presented in Table 7. Nonetheless, in terms of the significance of the different inhibitors, our findings were in line with the results of previous related studies (Jarvenpaa & Todd, 1996-1997 Furnell & Karweni, 1999; Hoffman et al., 1999; Mukti, 2000; Fenech & O " Cass, 2001; Udo, 2001) in the sense that online security was perceived as the single most important barrier. But interestingly, the lack of available online payment methods barrier was ranked second in terms of significance as a major impediment to embracing Internet commerce in Syria. ...
p>The number of Internet users in the world has been mounted over the years. By the end of 2011, more than one-third of the population was online, i.e., 2.3 billion people, and this growth has provided the impetus and the opportunities for global and regional e-commerce. However, all countries are not likely to benefit equally from the virtuous circle of Internet diffusion created by globalization and multiple revolutions in information and communication technologies. The e-commerce can reduce the economic disparity between the developing and developed countries. Despite the promises made by various international organizations, the developing countries are encountering difficulties in realizing the benefits of e- commerce. It is argued that many factors are still confound and challenging the adoption of e-commerce. In order to derive the benefits of e-commerce, region specific /country specific diagnosis of the associated factors and barriers leading to the problem is an immense necessity. Keeping in view the various initiatives undertaken by the Syrian government viz., E-Signature Legislation Project, Intellectual Property Protection Project and the National Programme for Promoting Information Technology Initiatives etc.; and considering the multifaceted issues relating to e-commerce in Syria viz., formation of contracts, cyber contracts, validity of e-transactions, dichotomy of offer and invitation to treat, mutual mistake, identity of parties etc, a study on e-commerce adoption in Syria is fascinating academic focus. Hence, the paper is an attempt to detect the main barriers to e- commerce in Syria.</p
... This study have shown that many barriers prevent the electronic manufacturing companies from adopting electronic commerce, which are mainly, security, lack of set-up cost, and hackers intervention. In common with previous research of EC users (Mukty, 2000), security remains the prime concern of EC users. First concern of security is that their payment details such as credit card number. ...
This study examines the major barriers that prevent manufacturing companies in Malaysia from adopting e-commerce. The major barriers of e-commerce expansion were security of payment and uncertain nature of legal and regulatory frameworks. Also the empirical findings reveal that doing business over Internet involves high start-up cost. In fact it is costly to set-up business electronically, because so many technological appliances are involved. Computers are quite expensive to buy limited maintenance facility issue to take advantage of EC. This issue is really affecting small businesses. Therefore, in order to attract and motivate the adoption of EC, the government has to support this sector fully by providing bank loans or subsidiaries.
... Security is perhaps the most feared problem on the internet. Banks and customers take a very high risk by dealing electronically (Mukti, 2000; Chung and Paynter, 2002). Similarly, (Nahar et al., 2000) describe, that IT manger contributed to the discussion, by saying, " security implementation over the internet is still considered as a big risk by many financial organizations that are skeptical about the technologies available " . ...
Internet banking is a form of self service technology. The numbers of Internet users have increased dramatically, but most of them are reluctant to provide sensitive personal information to websites because they do not trust e-commerce security. This paper investigates the factors which are affecting the acceptance of e-banking services among adult customers and also indicates level of concern regarding security and privacy issues in Indian context. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents, above the age of 35, through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis, descriptive statistics was used to explain demographic profile of respondents and also Factor and Regression analyses were used to know trend of internet use and factors affecting e-banking services among adult customer in India. The finding depicts many factors like security & privacy, trust, innovativeness, familiarity, awareness level increase the acceptance of ebanking services among Indian customers. The finding shows that in spite of their security and privacy concern, adult customers are willing to adopt online banking if banks provide him necessary guidance. Based on the results of current study, Bank's managers would segment the market on the basis of age group and take their opinion and will provide them necessary guidance regarding use of online banking.
... From the discussion above, it is hypothesized that: H3: Risks will be negatively related to EDI adoption Organizations often perceive the lack of security enforcement in electronic transactions as a significant barrier to the adoption of electronic commerce and interorganizational information systems [2, 37, 52], e-procurement [21] and e-commerce [35, 48]. Similar concerns were expressed by 70% of the respondents in a survey of e-business in Malaysian companies who identified security as the most important barrier to e-commerce adoption [36]. Gunasekaran and Ngai [21] argued that having security systems will encourage adoption of e-procurement by allowing stakeholders to develop enough confidence for electronic exchanges. ...
This study empirically examines determinants of electronic data interchange (EDI) adoption. The research model for this study was developed based on factors that influence EDI adoption including Technological factors (Benefits, Costs, Risks, Security, Complexity), Organizational factors (Size, Top Management Support, IT capability, Internal Championship, Compatibility), and Environmental factors (External pressure, Interorganizational trust, Critical Mass, Legal/Policy Framework). This study is the first to conceptualize an integrated relationship between EDI) adoption, Technological factors, Organizational factors, and Environmental factors in one model. The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to EDI adopters in Malaysia and in total, 284 responses were collected and analyzed. The findings show that interorganizational trust, external pressure, costs, and size of adopting companies have significant impact on EDI adoption. The study provides a clear understanding of manager’s perception about EDI adoption in their businesses. EDI adopting firms and managers could gain an understanding of the complexities inherent in EDI adoption to avoid barriers and increase the likelihood of achieving desired benefits. Besides, this study is important in a global context, as companies in Malaysia are going for exporting their product in the global marketplace.
... Several studies have been done looking at basic infrastructure requirements in developing countries that are relevant to offshore outsourcers. Mukti (2000) identified issues in Malaysia with security concerns, payment, Internet access, and technical skills of workers. Cloete and Courtney (2002) discussed SMEs in South Africa. They found issues associated with factors within the organization such as a lack of access to computers, software, other hardware, and telecommunications at a reasona ...
This paper investigates key factors affecting the success of small to medium organizations providing offshore software development, usually to companies in the United States. Five success factor groups (people factors, technical infrastructure, client interface, business infrastructure, and regulatory interface) with a total of 31 critical success factors were identified through a literature review. The critical success factors were assessed for importance by surveying individuals in organizations that outsource system development or that provide system development services. The survey found that the critical success factors of workers’ skills, client knowledge, trust in the client-outsourcer relationship, telecommunications, and intellectual property protection are the most critical to the success of offshore software development outsourcers. Somewhat surprising was that cost was not the most critical success factor. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of these findings to outsourcers and outsourcing clients.
... Research shows that the adoption of e-commerce leads to various benefits such as, product quality improvement, cost reduction, new customer or supplier contacts and the creation of new ways of selling existing products (Schneider and Perry, 2000;Chaudhury and Kuilboer, 2002). E-commerce benefits are being realized in developed countries such as Australia (Berrill, Goode & Hart 2004), as well as in developing countries such as Malaysia (Mukti, 2000) and Chile (Grandon and Pearson, 2003). In 2004, The United Nations concluded that e-commerce is a reality and is on its development path in both developed and developing countries. ...
... From the discussion above, it is hypothesized that: H3: Risks will be negatively related to EDI adoption Organizations often perceive the lack of security enforcement in electronic transactions as a significant barrier to the adoption of electronic commerce and interorganizational information systems [2, 37, 52], e-procurement [21] and e-commerce [35, 48]. Similar concerns were expressed by 70% of the respondents in a survey of e-business in Malaysian companies who identified security as the most important barrier to e-commerce adoption [36]. Gunasekaran and Ngai [21] argued that having security systems will encourage adoption of e-procurement by allowing stakeholders to develop enough confidence for electronic exchanges. ...
This study empirically examines determinants of electronic data interchange (EDI) adoption. The research model for this study was developed based on factors that influence EDI adoption including technological factors (benefits, costs, risks, security, complexity), organisational factors (size, top management support, IT capability, internal championship, compatibility), and environmental factors (external pressure, inter-organisational trust, critical mass, legal/policy framework). This study is the first to conceptualise an integrated relationship between EDI) adoption, technological factors, organisational factors, and environmental factors in one model. The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to EDI adopters in Malaysia and in total, 284 responses were collected and analysed. The findings show that inter-organisational trust, external pressure, costs, and size of adopting companies have significant impact on EDI adoption. The study provides a clear understanding of manager's perception about EDI adoption in their businesses. EDI adopting firms and managers could gain an understanding of the complexities inherent in EDI adoption to avoid barriers and increase the likelihood of achieving desired benefits. Besides, this study is important in a global context, as companies in Malaysia are going for exporting their product in the global marketplace.
... It is also noteworthy to attest that the benefits of Internet Marketing have been realised in developed countries such as New Zealand (Ramsey and McCole, 2005) and Australia (Berril et al., 2004) as well as in developing nations such as Chile (Grandon and Pearson, 2003); China (Morgan et al., 2006) and Malaysia (Mukti, 2000). This study seeks to validate whether similar or dissimilar paybacks to those enjoyed by their international counterparts have been realised within the context of Zimbabwean SMEs and also establish the extent to which the identified paybacks have contributed towards overall productivity of the small and medium enterprise sector. ...
This study sought to explore the influence of internet marketing benefits among SMEs in Zimbabwe. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying the paybacks (benefits) emanating from the adoption of Internet marketing as well as examining the relationship between these benefits and SME productivity. A structured survey questionnaire was administered to a conveniently selected sample of 189 SMEs in the two largest cities of Zimbabwe; namely, Harare and Bulawayo. Using exploratory factor analysis, four factors; namely, intelligence gathering, promotion, communication and customer relationship management were extracted. Mean scores and standardized Z-values revealed that promotion was the most important among the extracted factors. Pearson correlation tests showed strong positive relationships between SME productivity and two factors which are intelligence gathering and promotion. SME productivity and communication were moderately associated while the relationship between SME productivity and customer relationship management was weak. Intelligence gathering, promotion and communication emerged as statistically significant predictors of SME productivity.
DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n8p21
... This paper aims to achieve three objectives: To find out the level of eCommerce adoption in Saudi Arabia To identify the factors that affect and contribute to the level of adoption of eCommerce To identify the distinctive factors for initial adoption of eCommerce and then its institutionalization 2. Literature Review It has been widely recognized that the adoption and diffusion of eCommerce by businesses in developing countries is an important economic indicator of growth due to the perceived potential of the internet in reducing transaction cost (Molla and Licker, 2005), however the adoption of eCommerce in developing countries has fallen below expectation, and there have been several studies to explain the barriers and motivators (Molla and Licker, 2005). There are a very few analytical eCommerce studies in the developing countries (Davis, 1999;Enns and Huff, 1999;Jennex and Amoroso, 2002;Mukti, 2000;Moodley and Morris, 2004). Most of the studies focused on macro level and environmental constraints (physical, technological, institutional and socio-economical eReadiness and eCommerce barriers), but that should not be considered as the only source of barriers; from the literature of developed countries regarding eCommerce adoption decision, they are influenced by organizational readiness (the managerial, organizational and eCommerce related resources) (Beatty, Shim and Jones, 2001;Daniel and Grimshaw, 2002). ...
Some sectors in Saudi Arabia are slow in adopting eCommerce technologies for running their business transactions, and that is due to an internal set of factors (related to organizations) or an external set of factors (related to infrastructure and governmental support). We have noticed that most of the studies in this subject covered either internal factors or external factors, but not both. Moreover, most of the papers that studied eCommerce adoption factors in developing economies center on the environmental, infrastructural and governmental areas only, and overlook the organizational factors, while the focus of the subject studied and researched on developed economies was organizational (SMEs and large enterprises) related adoption factors by considering the technology infrastructure and government support as taken for granted, which is not the case in developing economies. The objectives of this study are 1) to find out the level of eCommerce adoption in Saudi Arabia, and 2) to identify the factors that affect the adoption of eCommerce. By this, the output of the study can help the policy maker of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in Saudi Arabia to direct the related activities toward the most effective local factors that will enable and leverage eCommerce potential and usage on one hand, and on the other hand the study will identify the promising local opportunities for eCommerce infrastructure providers (local banks, system integrators, IT solution providers, and major telecom operators) by discovering the distinctive eCommerce adoption factors.
... ICT usage by SMEs in emerging markets To date, most of the research has focussed on key issues that determine ICT adoption and usage by SMEs in many countries affiliated with the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (Raymond, 2001; Lawson et al., 2003; Jun and Cai, 2003; Grandon and Pearson, 2004; Simmons et al., 2007). Likewise, many studies have analyzed ICT adoption and usage behavior by SMEs in emerging market economies, including China (Tan et al., 2007), Costa Rica (Travica, 2002), Malaysia (Mukti, 2000), Sri Lanka (Kapurubandara and Lawson, 2008), and Turkey (Kula and Tatoglu, 2003). There is an expectation that new information technologies will enable SMEs in developing countries to establish contact with and participate in the world economy (Rayport and Jawaorski, 2003). ...
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possession of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economy of the Democratic Republic (DR) of the Congo.
Design/methodology/approach
– A survey of Congolese SMEs in two major cities was conducted.
Findings
– The results of the study demonstrate that nearly 51 percent of SMEs in the sample reported a cell phone number, making this tool the most popular among SMEs studied. In total, 31 percent of SMEs reported an e-mail address while only 3 percent of them reported having a firm web site. Far <1 percent reported a fax number, while none of the SMEs in the sample used a fixed telephone line. The telecommunications sector demonstrated the highest rate of ICT usage. The findings give consistency to what the body of research has concluded relative to the use of mobile telephone by SMEs in developing economies.
Originality/value
– This study fills a gap in the research into ICT usage by SMEs in developing countries by analyzing a sample of SMEs in the DR Congo ever attempted.
... Based on these core issues, usually business leader perceive the security risk of web-based electronic commerce to be quite high, and many are reluctant to engage in it. Based on survey on Malaysian companies' interest in e-business, 70% believed that security was the most important barrier to EC development (Mukti, 2000;Mansor and Abidin, 2010). In addition, Thaw et al. (2009) studied that to identify the main security and privacy issues concerns and the trustworthiness of the web vendors to engage in EC transaction and the effectiveness of security methods and applications in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and privacy of EC transactions. ...
Security, privacy and trust issues have become a major concern for vendors and consumers due the growth of the internet and the complex nature of e-commerce. This study investigates the challenges of security, privacy, trust and integrity and their influence of consumers' protection toward e-commerce transactions in Malaysia. The results show that out of ten variables, six variables are at significant level (p < 0.05) which are authentication, cookies, browsers, consumer perceived control, personal integrity and organisational integrity. The remaining four variables which are encryption, protection, http and consumer trust are not significant. Based upon the research findings, recommendations, limitations, future of study and conclusions are drawn which include a proposition of a way forward in addressing consumers' protection in e-commerce in Malaysia.
... It basically entails the usage of the Internet and allied technologies to conduct business transactions and has been adopted in private, public, and not-for-profit sectors in both industrialized and developing country (DC) contexts. The potential value of e-commerce has received extensive coverage in research and trade publications with the reportage of several successful e-commerce stories (Berrill et al., 2004; Grandson and Pearson, 2003, 2004; Mukti, 2000). It would seem, however, that e-commerce successes occur more in developed than in DCs and several factors could account for this. ...
We undertook a review and classification of research on electronic commerce (e-commerce) in developing countries. We analyzed 181 articles published in a broad range of journals covering e-commerce, global information technology, and development issues. The analysis provides a roadmap that not only indicates the current state of e-commerce for development research but also identifies gaps and priorities for future research. This will be of significant value to both academics and practitioners who are working on, or plan to work on, e-commerce in developing countries.
... The potential value of e-commerce is well documented and shows e-commerce reduces costs, improves product quality, helps in reaching new customers or suppliers, and creates new ways of selling existing products (Schneider and Perry, 2000;Saloner and Spence, 2002;Scupola, 2003). E-commerce benefits are being realized in both developed countries (Scupola, 2003) and developing countries (Grandon and Pearson, 2003;Mukti, 2000) leading to global e-commerce growth. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the link between the determinants of perceived strategic value (PSV) of e‐commerce and e‐commerce adoption among Ghanaian small and medium size enterprises (SMEs), defined as businesses that employ a maximum of 200 employees.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors randomly sampled SME owners/managers from the membership of the Ghana Club 100 (GC 100) and non‐traditional exporters (NTEs). Established databases are not the norm in Ghana, and GC 100 and NTEs had membership databases that were accessible to the local co‐author. Investigating e‐commerce adoption issues among these companies was warranted. The authors used a structured instrument developed and validated in prior studies to collect the data in a face to face interview. A pilot study was conducted to ascertain the clarity and reliability of the questionnaire. Of the SME owners/managers: 200 were contacted; 112 agreed to participate in the study; 107 responses were obtained – representing a 53.5 per cent response rate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 14.
Findings
Factor analysis demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity and construct reliability. PSV construct resulted in four factors: Strategic Decision Support (SD), Information Management (IM), Organizational Support (OS) and Decision Aids (DA). This finding is both consistent and inconsistent with prior research. The adoption construct yielded five factors: Perceived Usefulness (PU), Ease of Use (EU), Compatibility (C), Organisational Readiness (OS) and External Pressure (EP). There was more congruence between our results and those of prior research.
Research limitations/implications
Limitations stem from small sample size, the population and locale from which the sample was drawn.
Practical implications
The study has research and practical implications, and these are discussed fully in the paper.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the knowledge of perceived strategic value and adoption of e‐commerce by SMEs in an under‐researched part of the world.
... The review of literature suggest that most of the studies have been done on issues related to Internet banking in countries like USA, UK, Malaysia, Singapore Finland, Australia (Sathye, 1999; Mukti, 2000; Wang et al, 2003; Gerrard and Cunningham, 2006 etc.) However, not sufficient work has been done in India with regard to ATM service and customer satisfaction issues. ...
... Internet security has been regarded as the key to e-commerce diffusion (Alam et al. 2004; Mukti 2000; Udo 2001; Aldridge et al. 1997; Bauman et al. 1996). A number of studies (Limthongchai and Speece 2003; Shi and Salesky 1994; Kendall et. ...
This study empirically examines determinants of E-commerce adoption by Malaysian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Research model for this study was drawn on the literature on information and communication technology, Information system, and electronic data interchange. This study tested seven hypotheses on factors that influence e-commerce adoption with empirical data from a sample of 200 SMEs in Malaysia. The findings show that relative advantage, compatibility, organizational readiness, manager's characteristics, and security have significant impact on e-commerce adoption. The study provides a clear understanding of manager's perception about e-commerce adoption in their businesses. This study is important in a global context, as SMEs in Malaysia are going for exporting their product in the global marketplace.
Santrauka
Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas empirinis tyrimas, kuriame analizuojamas e.-komercijos principų taikymas Malaizijos smulkiojo ir vidutinio verslo įmonėse. Tyrimo modelis pristatytas šiame straipsnyje, buvo sudarytas remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize. Autoriai iškėlė 7 hipotezes, kurias vėliau bandė pagrįsti. Iškeltoms hipotezėms patvirtinti (arba paneigti) buvo atliekamas tyrimas. Tyrime dalyvavo 200 smulkiojo ir vidutinio verslo įmonių, taikančių savo veikloje e.-komercijos principus. Pristatyto tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta ir tai, kad sėkmingam e-komercijos principų taikymui didelę reikšmę turi ne tik technologiniai sprendimai, bet ir žmogiškasis veiksnys. Autoriai pažymi, kad šis tyrimas yra labai svarbus Malaizijoje įsikūrusioms smulkiojo ir vidutinio verslo įmonėms, nes jame buvo vertinamos tarptautinio verslo perspektyvos globalizacijos kontekste.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: e.-komercija, smulkusis ir vidutinis verslas, santykinis pranašumas, Malaizija
... Likewise, past researchers who examined online shopping found some of the most common barriers which hinder online shopping. Among these are security, privacy, and trust [1], [36], [55], [3], [41], [26]. Trust is one of the single most important factors influencing online shopping behaviour [30]. ...
This study examines online brand trust and its influencing factors in the specific context of online air ticket buyers in Malaysia. Summarizing academic literature on online brand trust drivers, it was found that there is a need to conduct research on online brand trust. Accordingly our hypotheses is that word-of-mouth, online experience, security/privacy, perceived risk, brand reputation and quality information have significant influence on online brand trust. Our hypothesis is being tested in terms of mentioned variables, on online airline ticket buyers in Malaysia. Using survey methodology, data was collected from 289 online air ticket buyers through questionnaire; validity and reliability tests and causality analysis (multiple regression analysis) had been conducted. According to the findings of the study, security/privacy, word-of-mouth, online experience, quality information and brand reputation appear to have a significant and positive relationship with online brand trust. The results are compared with earlier findings and limitation and further research are discussed. This study provides insightful understanding of consumer's online brand trust.
Online banking is nerve center of a nation which helps to achieve the objectives of a country. Banks provide E-banking services to the customer through telephone lines and computer channels. Banking activities have shifted to new paradigm with the demand in various services in the banking industry with the urge of globalization. The evolution of online banking activities in the industry has attained new heights with the competitive environment. It is the need of the hour that technology is fundamental requirement for everyone in financial sector. A survey has been conducted to find the determinants of trust, security, privacy and risk factors in adoption of online banking services around Muscat City. A pilot study was conducted to verify the reliability and validity of the questions included in the research instrument, to ensure the scale development of the questions and to ensure internal consistency. PLS-SEM v 3.0 has been used to evaluate the conceptual model and to test the speculated hypothesis on the determinants of trust, security, privacy and risk factors in adoption of online banking services. The study concluded that customer’s trust factors and risk factors while using online banking services have significant positive relationship in adoption of online banking services and at the same time privacy factors and security factors have insignificant relationship with weak and negative impact in adoption of online banking services.
The adoption of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has facilitated sound business relationships between manufacturers and customers by customizing new functions that are unique to business transaction which provides reliable support that improves its technological features. These advances earned from e-commerce adoption has paves way for numerous technical enhancements for merchants with unique business needs and has provided supportive enablement to business transaction with isolated location. These versed benefits has increased market expectations among variety of generic consumer as well as the duality of manufacturers and customers. Base on the increasing need for e-commerce integration in business network, this paper explores the role and relevance of policy intervention on the adoption of e-commerce among developing countries base on Libyan business environment. In quantifying the managerial potential of e-commerce as a business enabling technology, Resource Base View theory were used to assess e-commerce capability of e-commerce over traditional mode of transaction.
The growth of information technology in the business world is spreading at a phenomenal rate. The
success of a business organization stands at the usage of IT in their business. Growth of e-commerce
is the new born business method, which has originated through an extensive usage of IT in their
business. This study will focus on the level of adoption of e-commerce in a population of 30 SMEs
under the BOI, the relationship between firm-based characteristics and the adoption of e-commerce
and also more importantly find out the critical success factors and discover potential benefits of
adoption of e-commerce in SMEs. The results on the adoption of e- commerce showed a significant
relationship with the two firm-based characteristics. That is management involvement and adoption
of IT. The study also identified e- marketing and supplier service as the critical success factors in
adoption of e-commerce.
This study examines the relationship between perceived security and acceptance of online banking with the mediating effect of perceived risk and trust in Internet banking in Iranian customers. Researchers used structural equations model (SEM) to examine their hypotheses and conceptual model. Statistical data were gathered via a questionnaire from 395 randomly selected customers of Bank Saderat Iran in Semnan. Cronbach?s alpha and internal compatibility were used to check the reliability of the questionnaire. The justifiability of the research variables was checked and confirmed using the first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. According to the SEM results, the variables of perceived security and trust in Internet banking had a significantly positive impact on the acceptance of online banking. Although perceived risk had no significant impact on the acceptance of online banking, the results showed that perceived risk had a significantly negative impact on trust in Internet banking.
The impacts of telecommunications on businesses include a varieties of activities often lumped together under the term e-commerce, which includes both business-to-business (B2B) transactions as well as those linking firms to their customers (B2C) and customers-to-businesses (C2B). E-commerce takes a variety of forms, including electronic data interchange (e.g., inventory data, digital invoices and contracts, purchase orders, and product updates), internet recruiting and advertising, web-based banking and stock trading, electronic retail shopping, and digital gambling. For the most part, this activity is restricted to large commercial actors, although many observers hope that the internet will open opportunities for small and medium sized establishments to reach out to national and global markets. Digital convergence of hitherto distinct media has opened new possibilities in internet video and telephony. Advocates maintain that the internet will open opportunities for undercapitalized small and medium sized establishments (SMEs) to access national and global markets.
This paper presents a model for understanding the maturity of offshore IT outsourcing locations with respect to the location readiness and attractiveness. Offshore of IT software development to low cost development regions has gained increased popularity in US and Western Europe since year 2000. Through a literature review 32 critical success factors were identified, that were divided into five factor groups. The first two factor groups (technical infrastructure, and business infrastructure) were identified to determine readiness and the other three factor groups (people factors, societal interface, and regulatory interface) were identified to determine attractiveness. This study identified four possible maturity levels based on the readiness and attractiveness framework.
The research project was conducted to investigate the understanding of E-commerce Application among the SMEs in one of the state in Malaysia. Focusing on the population of registered members of Dewan Perniagaan Melayu Malaysia, Kelantan, a total of 302 respondents were selected to participate in our study. Moving in line with the general assumption of world business community it is agreed that e-commerce application is highly relevant for the survival and meeting the challenges of borderless economy. At the same time, the process of acquiring knowledge and understanding the environment, coping with changes, and speeding up the business decision, able to further enhance the competitive advantage of the SMEs. Using the established model, our investigation focused on 5 identifiable variables to demonstrate its usefulness towards motivating SMEs to adopt ecommerce. Our analysis indicated that all the selected variables were significant towards enhancing the application of e-commerce and thus maintaining competitive advantage in the industry.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has been utilised as a vehicle to rapidly transform the world into an information society. Yet despite the proven potential of e-commerce in the small business sector, studies have shown that it is the larger businesses that have reaped the benefits, with small/medium enterprise (SME) adoption remaining relatively low by comparison. This slow growth of e-commerce adoption by SMEs has been attributed to various adoption barriers that are faced by small business owners/ managers. While many recent studies have begun examining the relationship between the perceptions of adoption barriers in developed economies, the relationship between the perceptions of these barriers has not been fully examined in developing economies. This chapter firstly presents the authors' understanding of what defines an SME and then highlights our current understanding of the similarities and differences in barriers to e-commerce adoption by SMEs in developed and developing economies. It then describes and discusses a study which examines differences in the groupings and priorities, of barriers to adoption of e-commerce as perceived by SME owner/managers in a developing economy (Indonesia) and two developed economies (Sweden and Australia). The chapter finally describes the implications of these findings for practitioners and researchers.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development’s E-Commerce and Development Report 2002 provides a great deal of information on e-commerce from a variety of countries. The purpose of the report is to influence the expansion of e-commerce in small to medium sized companies in developing countries. Unfortunately, the data provided does not support many developing countries and does not address e-commerce infrastructure critical success factors.
[SENG CHEE LIM, AHMAD SUHAIMI BAHARUDIN, RONG QUAN LOW (2015). A PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES METHOD TO DETERMINE FACTORS INFLUENCE SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES TO ADOPT E-COMMERCE. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES [ISSN: 1991-8178], VOLUME : 9, ISSUE : 4 SPECIAL ISSUE 2015, PAGES 1- 8.] ----------> There are many literature reviews claimed that e-Commerce bring benefits to Small Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs), unfortunately there is a little information about technology barriers. Malaysia is one of the developing countries enjoy the country economic growth. In developing countries, SMEs do not enjoy benefits from e-Commerce technology. According to ACCCIM, the e-Commerce adoption is low, which is 28%. In this propose framework, there are 5 predictor variables used to investigate the potential factors influence e-Commerce adoption. SmartPLS ver2.0 M3 statistical software used to process the data. Among these variable, 4 variables are significant, the R2 value is 0.578 for the model, which is 57.8% of variance in e-Commerce adoption can be explain with Management support (β=0.381, t-value=4.136), Organization Readiness (β= 0.162, t-value=1.654) , competitor pressure is (β= 0.164, t-value= 1.905) and Government Support(β=0.250,t-value= 2.933). Based on the statistical result, it shows the parsimony model has good predictive power and useful in explain factors that influence SMEs to adopt e-Commerce. © 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Seng Chee Lim, Ahmad Suhaimi Baharudin and Rong Quan Low., A Partial Least Squares method to determine factors influence Small Medium Enterprises to adopt e-Commerce. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 9(4): 1-8, 2015
AbstRAct This chapter undertakes a meta-analysis of the published literature on e-commerce in developing econo-mies (DEs). The aim is to take stock of the literature, identify enduring research themes, classify the existing work based on such themes and review the theoretical and conceptual approaches used. The analysis covers 245 articles published between 1993 and 2006 in 76 different journals on electronic commerce, information systems, global information technology, development and developing countries. The findings indicate that the research area is rapidly growing and relatively well-spread across the as-sessment of e-commerce potential and its adoption and implementation issues in DEs. We make a case for future research to focus on developing a broad development perspective of e-commerce benefits and a strategic understanding of how to achieve and sustain these benefits. The chapter thus serves both as a synthesis of current research, and as a road map providing future directions for both academics and practitioners.
The adoption of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has facilitated sound business relationships between manufacturers and customers by customizing new functions that are unique to business transaction which provides reliable support that improves its technological features. These advances earned from e-commerce adoption has paves way for numerous technical enhancements for merchants with unique business needs and has provided supportive enablement to business transaction with isolated location. These versed benefits has increased market expectations among variety of generic consumer as well as the duality of manufacturers and customers. Base on the increasing need for e-commerce integration in business network, this paper explores the role and relevance of policy intervention on the adoption of e-commerce among developing countries base on Libyan business environment. In quantifying the managerial potential of e-commerce as a business enabling technology, Resource Base View theory were used to assess e-commerce capability of e-commerce over traditional mode of transaction.
This paper aims to empirically examine the factors that affect the adoption of Internet banking in Tunisia. In order to explain the factors, this paper extends the “Technology Acceptance Model” by adding additional external factors such as security and privacy, self efficacy, social influence, and awareness of services and its benefits. The findings of the study suggests that the security and privacy, self efficacy, social influence, and awareness of services and its benefits have significant effects on the perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and attitude toward Internet banking acceptance. Age and education have also significant impact on the attitude towards the likelihood of adopting online banking. These findings may provide for banks useful guidelines for developing Internet banking services and for marketing Internet banking.
Acceptance of the Internet has paved the way towards the development of virtual communities that keep increasing in the current information society making it imperative for business, especially the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which form the backbone of any economy, to keep abreast with e-commerce and remain competitive. To stimulate and facilitate SME participation in business activities through the Internet, it is necessary, therefore, to provide clear guidance and direction with suitable models and frameworks specifically tailored for the purpose.
This paper highlights an attempt to develop a suitable framework for the e-transformation of SMEs in Sri Lanka. In the belief that new models and frameworks can help SMEs to equip themselves to better understand their current stage and identify the main barriers at each stage of the adoption process, this attempt starts with an initial exploratory study of 17 SMEs, followed by a regional survey involving 625 SMEs from various industry sectors, along with interviews with the SME intermediary organisations. The proposed model facilitates establishing the current stage of an SME with regard ICT and e-commerce sophistication using five stage variables. It also assists to determine current position with regard to barriers towards the adoption of e-commerce and helps determine the support necessary to overcome such identified barriers. The research detailed in this Chapter establishes that barriers show variance when SMEs proceed to more advanced stages in the adoption process. Likewise, the necessary support required indicates a similar trend.
Going further, the Chapter proposes a model for adoption of e-commerce for SMEs in Sri Lanka and identifies the essential need for support while acknowledging available support. Finally, it proposes an initial framework to e-transform SMEs in developing countries.
User satisfaction is a crucial factor for continual usage of e-Government services and for the success or failure of e-Government projects. The main challenge for Jordanians is what are the key determinants of their satisfaction? This paper aims to identify the key factors that determine Jordanians' e-Satisfaction with Jordan's e-Government services portal. Based on an extensive review of relevant literature, five hypotheses are formulated and five factors are identified (i.e., security and privacy, trust, accessibility, awareness of public services, and quality of public services) that may affect the Jordanians' level of satisfaction towards using the Jordan e-Government portal (www.jordan.gov.jo). Survey data from 400 employees in four universities in the northern region of Jordan were collected and used to test the proposed hypotheses. Based on multiple linear regression and factor analyses, our empirical analysis demonstrates several key findings. These findings indicate the usefulness and importance to unveil the key drivers of e-Satisfaction so as to provide feedback in a set of recommendations that will enable creating e-Government portals which are compatible with citizens' needs, desires, and expectations. They also provide insights for both practitioners and governmental policy-makers to enhance e-Government portals via accounting diverse factors of technical, behavioral, managerial, and motivational aspects. Finally, implications and recommendations of these findings were discussed.
This study attempted to investigate the determinants that affecting current Internet shoppers' intention to continually purchase online in one of biggest states in Malaysia. A total of 150 respondents were selected form Johor state, Malaysia and the questionnaires were being personally distributed to the respondents. The data collected is analyzed by statistical methods, such as mean analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results indicate that the two most important attributes to current Internet shoppers to make online purchase are perceived self-efficacy and influential. These two factors show the significant results in this study. The findings provide strategic recommendations and suggestions in the online retail business sector.
Internet banking is a relatively new area and there are several issues, which have been generally untouched and are therefore open to further investigation, especially in the developing countries. Hence, this study is a step in this direction. This research has been focused on investigating to identify and highlight the main potential factors or impediments that are currently inhibiting the incorporation or adoption of electronic commerce (EC) applications expansion in the Omani banking sector. Data, obtained for the first time, were collected using semi-structured interviews and a survey questionnaire as well as by reviewing some bank documents. The study explores the slow uptake of EC application in the banking industry. The objectives of the research, therefore, were to identify factors enabling or inhibiting the successful adoption and use of e-commerce applications within the banking industry of Oman. The results provide a pragmatic picture of the adoption of EC applications in the country's core financial sector domain. One of its main findings is that security and privacy issues were found to be a serious inhibiting factor. Other factors such as power relationships (as conflict between managers can often emerge during the process of IS/IT adoption). Banks adopting and implementing Internet banking services and applications face several management and social problems and challenges. Although the research context is quite specific, it is believed that the findings are of relevance to other industries and other developing countries.
Purpose
– This paper sets out to examine the relationship between the perceptions of the strategic value of e‐commerce and e‐commerce adoption among 107 owners/managers of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in a transitional economy, Ghana.
Design/methodology/approach
– The membership of the top 100 Ghanaian businesses, called the Ghana Club 100 (GC 100), and non‐traditional exporters (NTEs) was surveyed using a structured questionnaire in face‐to‐face interviews. Principal axis factoring with varimax rotation was employed to identify and estimate the constructs in the model, followed by an exploratory factor analysis to test for the inclusion of all items in the model. Finally, canonical analysis was employed to study the interrelationships among the sets of multiple dependent and multiple independent variables. By so doing control for moderator effects existing among various variables was effected.
Findings
– Organizational support was the strongest predictor on the perceived strategic value (PSV) construct, followed by managerial productivity, and decision aids. Perceived usefulness, compatibility, external pressure and organizational pressure were found to be statistically significant determinants of e‐commerce adoption. These findings are consistent with prior studies. Additionally, it was found that ease of use was also influential in the e‐commerce adoption decision of Ghanaian SMEs.
Originality/value
– The study shows the value that SME owners/managers in a transitional economy place on e‐commerce, and the role envisaged for it. The study also provides an insight into the e‐commerce adoption in a transitional economy context. Owners/managers of SMEs in other developing countries may find the study useful in making decisions relating to e‐commerce adoption. The impact of the perceptions of e‐commerce and e‐commerce adoption on firm performance in transitional economies is a worthy area for future research. Replication of the study in other transitional economies is therefore warranted.
Research indicates that e-commerce offers a promising way for organizations to meet challenges of an ever-changing environment. However, the few available studies related to SMEs in developing countries reveal that they lag behind and are skeptical about adopting the technologies irrespective of their effectiveness. Literature reveals many significant reasons contributing towards this reluctance. The various factors identified as causes for the reticence can be broadly classified as Internal Barriers and External Barriers. Internal Barriers can be resolved within the organization by the organization itself, while External Barriers need to be addressed either by government intervention or by collaboration of SMEs. This paper presents a model for barriers to adoption of ICT and e-commerce, collected from the available literature and the results of an exploratory pilot studies and subsequent survey. In addition to the barriers facing SMEs, this research identifies the relevant support required by SMEs in a developing country, Sri Lanka. The methodology and initial issues found in the study are also discussed.
A country's e-readiness is essentially a measure of its business environment, a collection of factors that indicate how amenable a market is to Internet-based opportunities. An e-readiness assessment is based on several quantitative criteria, and among them the ICT market development indicators are considered as the most influential. Studies in the past have shown that the well-known indicators used for assessing the level of ICT market development in countries with emerging economy are not directly applicable. This paper provides another insight into the level of ICT market development in an emerging economy by analysing the adoption of web-hosting services in the country's business sector. The potential of such assessment to be as an indicator of the level of ICT development in a country is analysed. The underlying study of the web-hosting development was carried out as part of the European project WEBHOSTS. The approach applied and the findings were intended to be used as a decision support in locating and managing some of the risks in e-business development and potential investment by new entrants in a region that is accessing the developed part of Europe.
This paper looks into the key infrastructure factors affecting the success of small companies in developing economies that are establishing B2B e-commerce ventures. The factors were identified through a literature review and a pilot study carried out in two organizations. The results of the pilot study and literature review reveal five factors that contribute to the success of B2B e-commerce. These factors were later assessed for importance using a survey. The outcome of our analysis reveals that workers' skills, client interface, and technical infrastructure are the most important factors to the success of a B2B e-commerce relationship.
Several studies of eCommerce in developing countries have emphasized the influence of contextual impediments related to economic, technological, legal, and financial infrastructure as major determinants of eCommerce adoption. Despite operating under such constraints, some organizations in developing countries are pursuing the eCommerce agenda while others are not. However, our understanding of what drives eCommerce among businesses in developing countries is limited by the absence of rigorous research that covers issues beyond contextual imperatives. This paper discusses a holistic and theoretically constructed model that identifies the relevant contextual and organizational factors that might affect eCommerce adoption in developing countries. It provides a research-ready instrument whose properties were validated in a survey of 150 businesses from South Africa. The instrument can be used as a decision tool to locate, measure, and manage some of the risk of adopting eCommerce. Implications of the study are outlined; they indicate a need to consider eCommerce, micro, meso, and macro issues in understanding the adoption of eCommerce in developing countries.
The author belongs to a developing country and identified the factors contributed in the failure of ebusiness in his country i.e. Pakistan. This paper investigates why e-business is not so successful in developing countries as compared to developed countries. The author investigated that customer is not willing to do online shopping because of different factors in Pakistan. The security is one of them in online transaction. The majority of e-business sites are unable to provide facility of security socket layer in online transactions which creates hinders in the promotion and usage of online business in Pakistan. This paper analyzed the role of security socket layer from the transaction perspective and highlights the factors to establish customer trust in ebusiness so that he/she can feel free to order online by using his/her master/visa cards. The author done a comparative study and concluded the performance of online business in developing countries.
Purpose
Based upon the E‐VALUE model developed, this paper aims to investigate the impact of e‐commerce usage on business performance in the tourism sector.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross‐sectional survey is carried out on 165 Malaysian firms involved in the tourism sector (hotels, resorts, and hospitals engaged in health tourism) through the use of a structured questionnaire.
Findings
The structural equation modeling results indicate that technology competency, firm size, firm scope, web‐technology investment, pressure intensity, and back‐end usage have significant influence on e‐commerce usage. Among these variables, back‐end integration is found to function as a mediator. E‐commerce experience (in years) is found to moderate the relationship between e‐commerce usage and business performance.
Research limitations/implications
The paper focuses on the tourism sector in Malaysia and concentrates only on the management perspective of e‐commerce adoption.
Practical implications
The results provide insights to the Malaysian tourism sector and other organizations of similar structures of how they could improve upon their e‐commerce adoption and/or usage for improved business performance.
Originality/value
This paper is perhaps one of the first to investigate e‐commerce usage in the tourism sector using a comprehensive set of variables through an interactive, comprehensive and multi‐dimensional theoretical model (the E‐VALUE model) in investigating their influences on business performance.
Despite the proven potential of e-commerce in the small business sector, studies have shown that larger businesses have reaped the benefits, with SME adoption remaining relatively low by comparison. This slow growth of e-commerce adoption in SMEs has been attributed to various adoption barriers that are faced by small business owners/managers. These barriers have been well documented in numerous research studies. While these studies have gone some ways to determine the nature and role of barriers to e-commerce adoption, there is a suggestion that as most have been conducted in developed economies, their value for developing economies remains in question. This article compares the perception of barriers to e-commerce adoption in a developed and a developing economy. Two hundred forty-seven non-adopters in Australia are compared to 96 non-adopters in Indonesia. The data shows that the perception of importance of barriers to e-commerce adoption differs across the two locations.
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