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CONTRIBUTION TO STUDY OF MYCOFLORA.OF TURKEY
TI.
ASCOMYCtrTOUS
AND EASIDIOMYCETOUS
MICROFUNGI
OF FOREST TREES AND SHRUBS
IN THE BLdCK SEA COA.ST
(RIZE PROVII\CE)
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The research
of fungi were development
on the forest kinds very irnportant
because
these
are evaluate
provide phytopathogenic
state
of forests.
Microfungi *ere less in-
vestigated
in Turkey. The most of data
on these
fungi refer to agricultural
crops (Bre-
mer et al., 1952; Karel, 1958). There are only. a few inforrnalion about miirofungi
on forest plants (Gbbelez, 1963;
Baydar, l9B2 Oner et al., 1984).
We have regularly
investigated
microfungi of forest trees and shrubs since 1998 (Huseyinov, Selguk,
1999, 2000). Deuteromycetous
phyllotrophs from orders Melanconialei and
Sphabro-
psidales
from forest kinds of Rize province were given in our first article (Huseyinov,
Selguk,
2001).
Materials for this paper was provided from mycological excursions
in the forests
area of Rize province in 1998-2000.
As a result of field and laboratory studies 110 species
belonging to i classis,
10 orders and 47.genera from phyliotrophs microfungl were identifiea. These fungi
found on 40_
species
frgm 32 genera
of forest trees
lnd shrubs.
In the forest ph|-
tocoenoses
of Rize province the diversity and widely distributed species were Oiitin-
guish oneself by the Deuteromycotina
(84 species).
Ascomycetous
and basidiomyce-
tous microfungi were represented
by 22 species
from 11 genera.
_-.
T!: powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae)
are represented
bt 6 species:
Microsphaera
(3), Phyllactinia (l), (Incinula (i) and Sawadaea
(1). From theie fungi we have to
record
.Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl., because
it infects all oak species
in the investigated
region. Phytlactinia guttata (Wallr.: Fr.) L6v. recorded
in moirntain
zone and most of forest plants like beech,
alder, birch, hornbeam,
hazelnut,
chestnut
els-
Mtcrosphaera
penicillata (Wallr.: Fr.) L6v. on Alnus glutinosa and
Sawadaea
bi-
cornis (Wallr.: Fr.) Homma on Acer platanoides
are relatively rare species.
Develop-
ment of powdery mildews show differences
which depend
on tempeiature
and rains.
But -
generally the powdery mildews on lowlands appear in the first half on May.
On higher areas
(vertical zone)
their development
wai recorded 1-1.5 months later.
Therg are important differences in period of development between the specie
s of Mic-
rosphaera and Phyllactinia. Species of Microsphaera appear in the first decade of
Yu_y, species
of Phyltactinia start to develop in the r..onO half of vegetation period
(July-August) and both of them stop development
in November-December. For-
mation of cleistothecia
depends
on weather on these
months.
13
The powdery mildews developed
intensively on the trees growing along the mo-
torways, for exarnple
Microsphaera
platani Flowe.
Perhaps it is the result of gas-du.st
transport contamination.
Morenoina clarkii J.
P.
Ellis (Asterinaceae)
and
Dennisiella babingtonii (Berk.) Bat.
et Cif. (Cociocliniaceae) from Loculoascomycetes
developed on high altitude. More-
noina clarkii with anarnorph from Marssonina developed on living leaves of Rubus
idaeus.
Dennisiella babingtonii is recorded
on leaves
of Rhododendron
ungerni. Ana-
morph of this species belongs to genus Microxyphium.
fhe mernbers of Mycosphaerella genus
developed
on dying leaves
of forest trees and
shrubs
during winter. Among these
,M.
fagi (Auers.)
Lindau and
M. punctifurmis (Fers.:
Fr.) Starb.
were recorded
usually on plants of Fagus, Castanea
and Quercus.
M" clintont-
ana (House)
Hou.se was found only on living leaves and caused spots
of l-3 crn diam.
on Rhododendron
luteum.
Lasiobotrys
lonicerae
(Fr.) Kuntze (Cucurbitaceae) v.ras dist-
ributed and developed
abundantly
on living leaves of Lonicera caucasica
in mountain
zone (> 2000 m ali.;. Mamiqnia fimbriata (Pers.:
Fr.) Ces. et De Not. and M. coryli
(Batsch:
Fr.) Hoehn.
were
found on living leaves
of Carpinus and Corylus spp.
in middle
mountain
zone but they did not cause
serious
damage of the plants.
R.ust
fungi are
widely distributed in region. Among these
Melampsora species
are
common on Salix and Fopulus from lowlands up to high mountain zone.
From rust
fungi Cerotelium fici {Cast.) Arthur damages
Ficus carica in the seaside areas.
Me-
tampsoridium
betulinum
(Fr.) Kleb. (on living leaves of Betula
pendula) and
M. carpini
(Fuckel) Dietel (on living leaves
of Carpinus
betulus)
were found in localities
between
800-2200 m altitude. Degree of the distribution of these rust fungi are 3-5 Vo, in-
fection degree of it - 90-957o. Gymnosporagium
cornutum Arthur ex F. Kern (on
living leavis of Sorbus
aucuparia),
Pttccinia
coronata Corda
(on living leaves
of Fran-
gula ainus) and P.
festucoe Plowr. (on living leaves of Lonicera caucasica)
are rare
ipecies. Because of subtropical conditions fungi on evergreen
trees and shrubs de-
vbloped here during the winter too. Microstroma album Sacc. from Exobasidiales is
widely distributed iungus on most of oak species and causes
exfoliation before the
usual (normal) time.
Most of ascomycetes
and basidiomycetes
have been recorded
in zone of 1000-
1800 m altitude, ar the lesser extant 180A-2200 m altitude.
Ascomycetous and basidiomycetous
microfungi in studied territory usually were
recorded on the different species
of Betulaceae,
Caryophyllaceae,
Ericaceae,
Fagaceae
and Rosaceae.
Most of recorded
micromycetes
have
not strong
relationships
with host-
plants. Cerotelium
fici, Melampsoridium betulinum, M. carpini and Mtcrostroma album
are in negative interrelations with host-plants.
In coriclusion we want to emphasize that from reavealed species of Denntsiella
babingtonii, Morenotna clarkii, Mycosphaerella clintoniana, M.fagi, Cerotelium fici,
Melampsoridiwm betulinum, M. carpini, Gymnosporangium
cornutum and Puccinia fes-
tucae apparently were recorded for the first tirne in Rize province.
The^authors wish to express
their thanks for the financial support from TUBITAK
(Project no. TARP-2345).
REFERENCES
B aydar S.
The fungi species
of Ascomycetes
from
Trabzon ad
Rize Province
// Atattirk
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Huseyinov E.,
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T4
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New
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Huseyinov 8., Selguk F.
Contribution
_to
study
of
mycoflora
of Turkey.
I.
Coelomycetes
of
orders
Melanconiales
and-sphaeropsidales
on fbrest
tiees
and
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gtack Sea
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(Rize
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rrabzon
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f;arel9.4.nt"liminary list
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A3fa3: eyyiloiz
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44 p.
Oner M',
D izbay-M.,
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F.,
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p.401-404 (in Turkish).
Department
of Biology, Sciences
and Arts Facultv
Inonu University, Malatya-Turkey-
Department
of Biology, Sciencei and Arts Faculty
Firat University, Elazig-Turkey
Received
6II 2001
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