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Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracardia) of the Gulf of Mexico. X. The Question of Being Male
Abstract
Three new species Parafilitanais mexicana, Collettea elongata, and Paragathotanais medius are described from deep-sea localities in the Gulf of Mexico. The male of Parafilitanais does not vary conspicuously from the female, except for possessing pleopods. Male Paragathotanais reveal that the mouthparts display some degree of sexual dimorphism. Males of all 3 species possess functional mouthparts. The problems identifying male Tanaidacea are discussed. The number of terminal spiniform setae on the maxillule is considered invalid as a diagnostic character. Keys to the species of Parafilitanais and Paragathotanais are given.
... This genus was erected by Lang (1971b) to accommodate his new species P. typicus (by monotypy) from the Vema Expedition in the Caribbean Sea. Paragathotanais is also a cosmopolitan genus to be found in any deep-water sampling around the world (Kudinova-Pasternak 1970; Bird & Holdich 1988;Larsen 2002). The most recent key to the genus is given by Larsen (2005) but the addition of new taxa requires a modification of that key. ...
... However, as quite often within Tanaidacean systematics, things are not quite as simple as expected. The labium of Paragathotanais does indeed have a setulate medial seta or projection, but is hardly 'as in Agathotanais' as it is lacking the prominent process on the outer lateral corners found in the labium of Agathotanais (Bird & Holdich 1988;Larsen 2002Larsen , 2005. Regarding the uropod exopodal process, this is much more obvious and often acute in Paranarthrura but still, such a structure is visible in certain species of Paragathotanais (Bird & Holdich 1988; Gurreo-Kommritz 2003) albeit very reduced. ...
... As for the cheliped pseudocoxa the situation is not quite clear cut either. Larsen (2002) described P. medius as having a pseudocoxa, although later he (2005) withdrew that character, stating that this was the result of a bad dissection. It is now clear that the Paragathotanais cheliped is attached to the carapace via a large sclerite (which often comes off with the cheliped during dissection). ...
The family Agathotanaidae was represented in the trench material by one new species of Agathotanais, A. hadalis; one new species of Paragathotanais, P. abyssorum and one previously described species of Paranarthrura. The new species are described and both genders of P. vitjazi Kudinova-Pasternak, 1970 are re-described. Paranarthrura zevinae Kudinova-Pasternak, 1970 is transferred to Paragathotanais.
... Wi et al. (2015) gave a key to the identification of Collettea species; in this, C. agnesi fails at couplet 4 as pereonites 2-3 are neither shorter or longer than wide. Unlike C. agnesi, the two described species at this point, C. elongata Larsen, 2002 andC. lilliputa Blazewicz-Paszkowycz &Larsen, 2005, both lack a distinct subdistal ventral expansion on the unguis of pereopods 2-3 (Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Larsen 2005;Larsen 2002). ...
... Unlike C. agnesi, the two described species at this point, C. elongata Larsen, 2002 andC. lilliputa Blazewicz-Paszkowycz &Larsen, 2005, both lack a distinct subdistal ventral expansion on the unguis of pereopods 2-3 (Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Larsen 2005;Larsen 2002). This unguis expansion is also found in C. arnaudi (Shiino, 1978), C. cylindratoides Larsen, 2000, or C. longipleona Błażewicz-Paszkowycz & Larsen, 2005(Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Larsen 2005Larsen 2000Larsen , 2002Shiino 1978). ...
... lilliputa Blazewicz-Paszkowycz &Larsen, 2005, both lack a distinct subdistal ventral expansion on the unguis of pereopods 2-3 (Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Larsen 2005;Larsen 2002). This unguis expansion is also found in C. arnaudi (Shiino, 1978), C. cylindratoides Larsen, 2000, or C. longipleona Błażewicz-Paszkowycz & Larsen, 2005(Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Larsen 2005Larsen 2000Larsen , 2002Shiino 1978). Moreover, C. agnesi differs from C. elongata by having only single ventral seta on the cheliped fixed finger and from C. lilliputa by having a smooth incisor on the left mandible. ...
Four new species of deep-sea Tanaidacea taken from the Gulf of Guinea as part of the Ghanaian marine environmental monitoring programme in 2012 are described. One of the species, which was classified to the family Anarthruridae, differed substantially from the other members of the family, and was accommodated to the newly erected genus – Olokun n. gen. Each of the three other species belongs to a different family: Parakanthophoreus guineus n. sp. – Akanthophoreidae, Collettea agnesi n. sp. – Colletteidae, and Araphura studens n. sp. – Tanaellidae. A key for genera of Anarthruridae is given.
... Thirdly, the labium is devoid of medial or lateral projections. Among other members of Agathotanaidae, this type of labium can only be found in Paragathotanais medius Larsen, 2002 and several Paranarthrura species (i.e. P. bispinosa Larsen, 2005, P. coimbrai Bird, 2013, P. fortispina andP. ...
Three new species of agathotanaids belonging to the genera Agathotanais, Bunburia and Paranarthrura are described. The descriptions were based on material collected from southwestern Java, Indonesia, Indian Ocean during the research cruise SJADES in 2018. The specimens were obtained using a box corer from lower bathyal depths of 836-2,355 m. These three genera are recorded from Southeast Asia for the first time.
... Araphura is also a cosmopolitan genus with a similar wide depth range (17-4280 m). The male of Araphura is recorded for the first time and -to a degree -follows the sexual dimorphism pattern described for Tanaella (Lang 1968, Larsen & Heard 2004, Agathotanais (Lang 1971, Bird & Holdich 1988, Collettea, Parafilitanais, and Paragathotanais (Larsen 2002) in that it possess pleopods and a different antennule structure. However, the pattern is not identical as the antennule does not appear thicker in the male than in the female (opposite in Tanaella and other genera) but the distal article is longer (as also seen in male Agathotanais) and article 4 is also longer in the male than in the female. ...
Both male and female of two new species, i.e. Araphura arvedlundi n. sp. and Tanaella kroyeri n. sp. were collected from the continental slope of the Atlantic coast off northern Brazil and are described. This is the first record of the male of Araphura. An updated key is given to genus Araphura. Araphura io is transferred to the genus Araphuroides.
... Th e sexual dimorphism of Collettea, know from the species, which have described male (C. minima (Larsen, 2000) C. elongate (Larsen, 2002) and C. lilliputa (Błażewicz-Paszkowycz & Larsen, 2005) indicate only minor diff erences between the sexes in the antennule and absence of pleopods in the females. Th e remarkable uniramous pleopods and their equally remarkable setae of this species separate it from any other male described. ...
Three new species of Tanaidacea are described from the manganese nodule province between the Clarion and the Clipperton Fracture Zone of the equatorial North Pacific Ocean. The specimens were collected during the Nodinaut expedition on board the r/v lAtalante in the summer of 2004. The new species belongs to the genera Stenotanais (S. arenasi) and Typhlotanais (T. froufesae, T. pereosetulosa). Stenotanais arenasi is believed to be the first male Stenotanais reported. A key to the genus Stenotanais is presented. The anterior pleopods of T. pereosetulosa were found to be dissimilar from the posterior.
Four new species or morphospecies of tanaidaceans, all of small size (c. 1 mm), from the Rangitâhua-Kermadecs component of the Southwest Pacific Expedition 2017 survey are recorded and described: Collettea coralensis n. sp., leptocheliid sp.RK#1, Psalidichelia concinna n. g. & n. sp., and Stachyops cf. sebparri. Six had been described or recorded from the earlier Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011: Aparatanais tetradonta, Chondrochelia acrolophus, Metatanais progenitor, Paradoxapseudes floppae, Tanais sp., and Zeuxo kermadecensis. This brings the number of known tanaid species from the Rangitâhua/Kermadecs group to ten. The records of the Collettea species are notable for the shallow depths from which they were collected, 4-18 m, and the habitats sampled: coral rubble, coral encrusts on rocks, and red algae.
One new genus is erected and four new species of paratanaoidean tanaidaceans are described from deep waters in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: one in each of the genera Collettea, Tanaella, and Pseudomacrinella,
and one as a new genus in the family Anarthruridae. Keys to species in the genera Collettea, Tanaella, and the
genera of the Anarthruridae are provided.
Two new genera and species, Isopodidus janum and Cetiopyge mira were found during an investigation of the deep-sea tanaidacean fauna of the Gulf of Mexico. Isopodidus janum is characterized by an isopod-like body shape and fused abdomen. Cetiopyge mira superficially resembles Expina typica and Mirandotanais vorax due to the enlarged abdomen, but is unique in that the abdomen is laterally compressed in Cetiopyge and cylindrical in the two other taxa. Despite the unresolved nature of tanaidacean phylogeny, both new genera can tentatively be assigned to the family Colletteidae.
The crustacean order Tanaidacea was not treated in Gulf of Mexico, Its Origin, Waters, and Marine Life (edited by Galtsoff 1954). At the time of that publication, only a single tanaidacean, Hoplomachus (=Apseudes) propinquus (Richardson, 1903) had been reported from the Gulf of Mexico (GMx) (Richardson 1905). Since then, 72 nominal taxa have been described or reported from the GMx region (see Ogle, Heard, and Sieg 1982, Camp 1998, Escobar and Spears 2000, Heard, Hansknecht, and Larsen 2004, Larsen 2005). Because most tanaidaceans occur at depths greater than 300 m, it is not surprising that they make up one of the most diverse faunal groups in deep waters of the GMx (Pequegnat, Gallaway, and Pequegnat 1990, Larsen 2005).
Specimens collected during the ANDEEP I and II expeditions revealed three new species belonging to the family Anarthruridae and family incertae sedis. One new species of Anarthruridae, Ithyomus antarcticus n. sp. is described. Also described are two new species belonging to genera currently not assigned to a family; one in the genus Parafilitanais (P. denticulus n. sp.) and one in Pseudoarthrura (P. tuberculata n. sp.). The genus Cristatotanais is removed from Anarthruridae, while P. setoserrata is removed from Pseudoarthrura and elevated to genus rank under the name Selvagentanais gen. nov.
[introduction] The monitoring of environmental impacts of manganese nodule mining as required by the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (U.S. Congress Public Law 96-283) will require a strong baseline of information on the benthic fauna of the Equatorial Pacific. Knowledge needed on the descriptive community structure of this region specifically includes such basic data as the identities and abundances of species from this region. This document contains the macrofaunal crustacean data from several cruises, and presents a comparative analysis of their community structure. The crustaceans were taken from box corer samples from two sites in the manganese nodule province: Deep Ocean Mining Environmental Study (DOMES) site A (Piper and Blueford, 1982; Jumars and Self, unpublished) and the ECHO 1 locality (Spiess and Weydert, 1987; Wilson and Hessler, 1987a) near DOMES site C.
Although these data may be used for a variety of purposes, I wish to address two interrelated questions. Are widely separated sites in the manganese nodule province part of the same benthic community? This question is prompted by concerns of establishing stable reference areas (SRA) in the manganese nodule province for monitoring the impact of nodule mining activities. If there is a high degree of dissimilarity over the areas designated for mining, then SRAs will have to be more numerous than in a homogeneous area. Another study (Hecker and Paul, 1979) found substantial between-site differences although their results require further interpretation. I will show that the crustacean community structure, specifically the diversity and abundance relationships, is similar between sites, independent of species identities. However, species are different between the two sites, especially in the Isopoda, resulting in little faunal similarity between the two sites.
Other more theoretical questions also may be addressed with these data. Are differences and similarities between the sites ecological (including biotic or environmental interactions) or historical (evolutionary) in nature? The ecological and historical aspects of the data are pursued because the environmental similarity of sites A and C, and their geographic separation (1560 n.mi., 2890 km) allows tentative conclusions about relative roles of ecology and history in structuring the communities in the manganese nodule province.
Finally, in fulfillment of the NOAA contracts that supported this research, the raw crustacean species data for these DOMES-related programs are presented in Tables 1-11. These data are available in a variety of electronic forms [from the author]. These data will provide a strong baseline for further experimental studies of the diverse animal communities that make up the north Equatorial Pacific manganese nodule province.
The genus Collettea Lang, 1973 (previously
Strongylura Sars, 1882) is revised. Two new species,
C. humbolti, sp. nov. from Antarctica and
C. cylindratoides, sp. nov. from the southeast
Australian slope and Antarctica, are described.
C. minima (Hansen, 1913) is redescribed and additions
are included to the description of C. arnaudi (Shiino,
1978). A key to the genus is provided. The systematic position of
Collettea with respect to the subfamilies of
Anarthruridae is discussed.
New Pacific material of the cosmopolitan genus Agathotanais Hansen, 1913 has made a generic revision possible. Newly discovered character states for the antenna have made it necessary to modify the generic diagnosis. Three new species—A. manganicus and A. ahyongi from the central Pacific and A. spinipoda from the continental shelf and slope off southeastern Australia-are described, they increase the number of species in the genus to eight. A key to the females of Agathotanais species is provided. Sexual dimorphism is generally restricted to the presence of pleopods in the male. The characters defining Agathotanais are considered apomorphic within the Tanaidomorpha. The distribution pattern of Agathotanais is discussed.
This paper addresses the phylogeny of the superfamily Paratanaidoidea using computer-assisted parsimony methods. Our morphologically based, empirical analysis uses exemplar species from all families and most genera in the superfamily. Species of Apseudomorpha, Neotanaidomorpha and Tanaidoidea were employed as out-groups. The analysis supports most of the older systematics, including the monophyly of Paratanaididae, Leptocheliidae (in part), Nototanaididae, Pseudotanaididae and Pseudozeuxidae (excluding Heterotanaoides). The analysis does not support the monophyly of Typhlotanaididae and Anarthruridae and suggests that both families be split up. The core genera of Typhlotanaididae are combined with the Nototanaididae under the name Nototanaididae. Other genera of Typhlotanaididae are left without family designation. Anarthruridae is divided into five families, Agathotanaididae, Anarthruridae, Leptognathiidae, Tanaellidae fam. nov. and Colletteidae fam. nov., but a large part of the anarthrurid genera could not be designated to families. The Leptocheliidae could neither be rejected nor verified but a subfamilial division (Heterotanaidinae subfam. nov. and Leptocheliinae) seems appropriate. A new proposal for the higher-level taxonomy of the Paratanaidoidea is presented. Many tanaidacean names have been corrected to make them agree with the presumed Latin stem 'tanaid-'.
A combination of traditional taxonomic procedures and molecular techniques has provided new insight into the problems of cryptic species and sexual and ontogenetic polymorphism in the Tanaidacea. Using polymerase chain reaction and DNA markers, three cryptic species of Paratanais were identified. PCR primers were used to amplify the divergent internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of these species. Restriction digestion of the amplified rDNA generated species specific DNA banding. Male and five female stages of Paratanais maleticus sp. nov. and two other new species, P. malign us and P. perturbatius, are described. Morphological variation, both sexual and ontogenetic, was found in several generic characters of Paratanais and required the diagnosis to be modified. The identification of three undescribed cryptic species from a single microhabitat in a well studied, shallow water and easily accessible locality, demonstrate that the biodiversity of tanaid crustacean is significantly underestimated.
The characters of the genus Agathotanais are discussed and Hansen's incomplete generic diagnosis is completed. A new species, close to the type species, and a new genus, related to Agathotanais, are described.
The tanaidacean tribe Agathotanaini, which was formerly the family Agathotanaidae, is well-represented in the Rockall Trough and Bay of Biscay areas of the North-east Atlantic. Five species have been recorded from depths of 1160–4829 m. Agathotanais ingolfi is the most numerous and one of the most widely distributed tanaidacean species in the region, and is often predominant in epibenthic sled samples from 1500–2500 m. Less numerous and frequent are three new species of Paragathotanais: P. nanus, P. robustus and P. gracilis. The first two are bathyal in distribution, and the last is abyssal. A new monospecific genus is established for Metagathotanais insulcatus, which has been recorded from the deepest part of the study region (4600–4800 m). Males of this tribe are characterized by their rigid pleopods bearing short terminal setae, and are otherwise very similar to the females. A key is provided for the identification of agathotanaids from the North-east Atlantic, including Agathotanais hanseni, and the genera Allodaposia and Paranarthrura, which should also be classified in the Agathotanaini.
