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A Reassessment of Sporidesmium (Hyphomycetes) and some Related Taxa
Abstract
A Reassessment of Sporidesmium (Hyphomycetes) and some Related Taxa
... The taxonomy of Sporidesmium Link has long been a contentious issue especially since Subramanian (1992) rearranged its many taxa in different genera based on the type of conidial septation, presence or absence of conidiophores and whether they extend percurrently including certain characteristics of these extensions. However, these morphological features have been repeatedly shown to be irrelevant for phylogenetically delineating these genera (Shenoy et al. 2006;Su et al. 2016;Yang et al. 2018;Wu and Diao 2022). ...
... The Texas strains of E. brachypus grouped together with five other strains, whose sequences are available in GenBank or retrieved from NBRC with maximum support (100% BS, 1 BPP). They were sister to the only strain available of the morphologically similar E. aquirostrata J. Yang, Jian K. Liu Descriptions and illustrations: Ellis (1958); Subramanian (1992); Wu and Zhuang (2005) Notes: In view of the results of our phylogenetic analyses together with their shared morphological features, Ellisembia is restricted here to the members of that novel lineage within Sporidesmiaceae that includes E. coronata. The species is represented by a specimen obtained on its original host at the type locality in Germany, and the lineage also includes some other morphologically similar taxa having distoseptate conidia and conidiophores producing none or a few percurrent extensions. ...
... The species is represented by a specimen obtained on its original host at the type locality in Germany, and the lineage also includes some other morphologically similar taxa having distoseptate conidia and conidiophores producing none or a few percurrent extensions. This is in agreement with the original generic concept of Subramanian (1992) but different from Hyde et al. (2019) and Wu and Diao (2022) who recently adopted Ellisembia for those taxa within the distant family Chaetosphaeriaceae. Therefore, we propose the following four new combinations within the genus and amend the description of E. coronata. ...
The sensu stricto concept of the large and polyphyletic genus Ellisembia is revealed based on a recent collection of its type species, E. coronata, on the original host at the type locality in Germany. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated ITS, LSU, and RPB2 sequence data suggest that the fungus belongs to Sporidesmiaceae (Sordariomycetes) where it groups together with other morphologically similar ellisembia-like taxa in a distinct monophyletic lineage distant from Sporidesmium. Ellisembia is therefore restricted to those members of this novel group having distoseptate conidia and producing none or a few percurrent conidiophore extensions. Its previous synonymy under Sporidesmium is revised, and four novel combinations are proposed including E. pseudobambusae comb. nov., recently collected on a dead branch of Arundinaria sp. (Poaceae) in Texas, USA. The holotype illustration of S. coronatum, the basionym of E. coronata, is considered ambiguous due to the depiction of eusepta instead of distosepta. Consequently, Ellisembia is epitypified with the fresh specimen from Germany after comparing it with authentic materials preserved at G and IMI. Additionally, the genus Lomaantha, typified by L. pooga, is expanded and emended to include E. brachypus and related ellisembia-like taxa grouping together in a distinct lineage within Chaetosphaeriaceae (Sordariomycetes) distant from Sporidesmiaceae. A reassessed taxonomy for members of this monophyletic clade is proposed including six new combinations, and the presence of distinct pores in their conidial distosepta was evaluated. Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris, which typifies the genus Anasporidesmiella, is reduced to synonymy of L. folliculata upon examination of its type material.
... Repetophragma, typified by R. biseptatum (≡Sporidesmium biseptatum), was introduced by Subramanian (1992), to accommodate Sporidesmium-like species with holoblastic, annellidic, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and phragmoseptate conidia and initially included nine species previously known in Sporidesmium. Subsequently, many species were accommodated in Repetophragma based solely on morphological characterizations (McKenzie, 1995;Mena-Portales et al., 2000;Wu and Zhuang, 2005;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2006;Marincowitz et al., 2008;Silvera-Simoń et al., 2009;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2011;Rambelli et al., 2011;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2013;Ma et al., 2014;Buyck et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2017;Ai et al., 2019). ...
... Morphologically, R. zygopetali is similar to R. biseptatum in having monoblastic, enteroblastic, conspicuously percurrent conidiogenous cells. However, R. zygopetali can be distinguished from the rest of Repetophragma in having integrated, monoblastic, conspicuously percurrent but irregularly distanced conidiogenous cells with wavy or uneven apices after each conidial secession [ Figure 29a in Buyck et al. (2017)] rather than equidistantly laid annellidic conidiogenous cells with even apices after each conidial secession (Subramanian, 1992;Seifert et al., 2011). Based on the morphological differences in the conidiogenous cells and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce the new genus Pseudorepetophragma to accommodate R. zygopetali as P. zygopetali comb. ...
... Buyck et al. (2017) treated R. zygopetali in Micropeltidaceae (Micropeltidales, Lecanoromycetes) based on phylogenetic evidence that R. zygopetali formed a basal clade with Sporidesmajora pennsylvaniensis (CPC 16112), Houjia pomigena (CPC 16109), and H. yanglingensis (CPC 16110, CPC 16111, CPC 16113, and CPC 16114) in their analysis. Unfortunately, most Repetophragma species were identified based solely on morphological characteristics that distinguished them from Sporidesmium in having conidiophores with terminal annellations, suggestive of repeated percurrent proliferative conidiogenous cells (Subramanian, 1992). Whereas Sporidesmium species have non-hyphopodiate mycelium, simple non-proliferating conidiophores, or with irregularly distanced percurrent proliferations (Subramanian, 1992). ...
Yunnan, located in southwestern China, is known for its high fungal diversity, and many of which are endemic to the region. As part of our ongoing studies on fungi in Yunnan, we introduce two new genera in Phaeothecoidiellaceae (Mycosphaerellales), to accommodate one Repetophragma-like and another Stomiopeltis-like taxa. Pseudorepetophragma gen. nov. is introduced herein as a monotypic genus to accommodate P. zygopetali comb. nov.(≡ Repetophragma zygopetali), whereas Pseudostomiopeltis gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate Ps. xishuangbannaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Ps. phyllanthi comb. nov.(≡ Stomiopeltis phyllanthi), based on a new collection from Yunnan. In addition, Stomiopeltis sinensis is transferred to Exopassalora as E. sinensis comb. nov. due to its phylogenetic affinity and grouped with E. zambiae, the generic type of Exopassalora. This study provides new insights into the biodiversity of fungal species in this region and adds to our understanding of their ecological roles, as well as the resolution to ambiguous taxa in Phaeothecoidiellaceae.
... Notes: Subramanian (1992) segregated Ellisembia from the speciose, heterogeneous genus Sporidesmium sensu lato based on its distoseptate conidia. However, the subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed that the euseptate and distoseptate conidia used to delimit sporidesmium-like genera do not appear significant Yang et al. 2018a). ...
... Notes: Given the diagnostic value of euseptate and distoseptate conidia, absence, or presence of conidiophores and percurrent proliferation of conidiophores, Subramanian (1992) redefined the heterogenous genus Sporidesmium with the majority of species distributed in seven genera. Stanjehughesia is one of the genera introduced in Subramanian's reassessment of Sporidesmium. ...
... Stanjehughesia is one of the genera introduced in Subramanian's reassessment of Sporidesmium. Stanjehughesia species lack conidiophores and have obclavate to obclavate-rostrate, euseptate, smooth or verrucose conidia that are produced directly on simple, monoblastic conidiophores (Subramanian 1992;Wu and Zhuang 2005;Seifert et al. 2011). So far, Stanjehughesia comprises 20 species (Hsieh et al. 2021). ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... According to the broad circumscription, more than 400 Sporidesmium species were introduced, mostly based on morphology alone. To deal with a heterogeneous assemblage of species under Sporidesmium, Subramanian [13] reassessed the genus and introduced seven new genera, namely, Acarocybellina, Ellisembia, Gangliophora, Hemicorynesporella, Penzigomyces, Repetophragma and Stanjehughesia, to accommodate some species on the basis of conidial septation (euseptate vs. distoseptate) and conidiogenesis. Wu and Zhuang [14] placed Penzigomyces in Sporidesmium and Imicles in Ellisembia, thereby expanding the generic concepts of Sporidesmium (euseptate) and Ellisembia (distoseptate) to include fungi with no percurrent conidiophores or lageniform, doliiform or nodose percurrently extending conidiophores. ...
... The Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work program and the Oplenic program were used to measure the fungal structures. Adobe Photoshop CS6 extended v. 13.0 software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA) was used to process images. Single-spore isolation was obtained following the method described in Chomnunti et al. [26]. ...
... (Figure 2). Notes: Sporidesmium adscendens was synonymized as Ellisembia adscendens on the basis of pseudoseptate conidia and conidiophores with irregular percurrent proliferation [13]. An ascomycetes, Miyoshiella triseptata (≡Lasiosphaeria triseptata), collected in Hungary, was found to be associated with S. adscendens in the host of Platanus orientalis and therefore reported as its sexual morph [40,41]. ...
Twelve new specimens of sporidesmium-like taxa were collected from freshwater habitats in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of nuc 28S rDNA (LSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data, combined with morphological data, revealed that they are Distoseptispora species. Among them, six new species, including D. aqualignicola, D. aquamyces, D. crassispora, D. curvularia, D. nonrostrata and D. pachyconidia, are introduced. Two new combinations, D. adscendens and D. leonensis, are transferred from Ellisembia. A new habitat and geographical record are reported for D. clematidis, collected from a freshwater habitat in China. New RPB2 sequence data for D. dehongensis are provided.
... Ellisembia was introduced by Subramanian (1992) to accommodate Sporidesmium-like species with determinate or irregularly percurrently extending conidiogenous cells that produce distoseptate conidia. Wu & Zhuang (2005) merged Imicles Shoemaker & Hambl. ...
... at the base. (Matsushima 1975, Subramanian 1992, Wu & Zhuang 2005 & al. 2012). However, E. appendiculata differs from E. brachypus, E. filia and E. magnibrachypus in its number of conidial distosepta and conidial size, and from E. flagelliformis in its wider conidia with fewer distosepta (Table 1). ...
Ellisembia appendiculata is described and illustrated as a new species from a specimen collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Hainan Province. The fungus is characterized by distinct, unbranched conidiophores with monoblastic conidiogenous cells that produce distoseptate, obclavate or ellipsoidal conidia with 1 – 2 filiform, hyaline, aseptate, simple or branched appendages.
... Most Sporidesmiella species were found in terrestrial habitats (Kirk et al. 1982, Subramanian et al. 1992, Kuthubutheen et al. 1993, McKemy et al. 1996, Castañeda-Ruíz et al. 1998, Wu et al. 2005, Braun et al. 2010, Zhang et al. 2012, Heredia et al. 2015, Ma et al. 2016, Luo et al. 2019, Dong et al. 2021, Li et al. 2021, Tan et al. 2022, and only six species (S. aquatica, S. hyalosperma, S. lignicola, S. novae-zelandiae, S. obovoidia and S. parva) were described from submerged wood in freshwater habitats (Luo et al. 2019, Dong et al. 2021, Li et al. 2021, of which two species (S. novae-zelandiae and S. hyalosperma) have been recorded from Tibetan Plateau, China (Luo et al. 2019). In this study, a new species, S. motuoensis, is proposed, which was found on decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream in the Tibetan Plateau, China. ...
During an investigation of freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau, China, a new hyphomycetous fungus, Sporidesmiella motuoensis, was isolated from submerged decaying wood in freshwater habitat. Sporidesmiella motuoensis is characterized by cylindrical, straight or slightly flexuous conidiophores, hyaline, smooth conidiogenous cells, and obovoid, hyaline to pale brown, 3-euseptate conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequence data indicated that S. motuoensis formed a highly supportive monophyletic lineage within Sporidesmiella. A full description, illustrations, and phylogenetic analyses results of S. motuoensis, along with comparisons to other affinities within Sporidesmiella are provided here.
... (Fig. 6) In view of the results of our phylogenetic analyses together with their shared morphological features, Ellisembia is restricted here to the members of that novel lineage within Sporidesmiaceae which includes E. coronata and some other morphologically similar species having distoseptate conidia and conidiophores producing none or a few percurrent extensions. This is in agreement with the original generic concept of Subramanian (1992) but different from Hyde et al. (2019) and Wu and Diao (2022) who recently adopted Ellisembia for those taxa within the distant family Chaetosphaeriaceae. Therefore, we propose the following four new combinations within the genus and amend the description of E. coronata based on the study of its freshly collected material. ...
The generic limits of the large and polyphyletic genus Ellisembia are redefined in a strict sense based on a recent collection of its type species, E. coronata , on the original host at the type locality in Germany. Multigene phylogenetic analyses revealed that the fungus belongs to Sporidesmiaceae ( Sordariomycetes ) where it groups together with other morphologically similar ellisembia-like taxa in a distinct monophyletic lineage distant from Sporidesmium . Ellisembia is therefore restricted to those members of this novel group having distoseptate conidia and producing none or a few percurrent extensions. Its previous synonymy under Sporidesmium is rejected and four novel combinations are proposed including E. pseudobambusae comb. nov., recently collected on a dead branch of Arundinaria sp. ( Poaceae ) in Texas, USA. To further stabilize the application of this generic name, Ellisembia is lectotypified with an authentic specimen of S. coronatum , the basionym of E. coronata , preserved at G. Additionally, the genus Lomaantha , typified by L. pooga , is expanded and emended to include E. brachypus and related ellisembia-like taxa grouping together in a distinct lineage within Chaetosphaeriaceae ( Sordariomycetes ) distant from Sporidesmiaceae . A reassessed taxonomy for members of this monophyletic clade is proposed including six new combinations. The presence of distinct pores in the conidial distosepta was assessed for this group of species and their developmental processes are described for L. brachypus and L. folliculata based on fresh and herbarium specimens. Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris , which typifies the genus Anasporidesmiella , is reduced to synonymy of L. folliculata upon examination of its type material.
... allowing the generic circumscription of Distoseptispora to be expanded. Subramanian (13) segregated the species with distoseptate conidia from Sporidesmium and introduced seven new genera, namely, Acarocybellina, Ellisembia, Gangliophora, Hemicorynesporella, Penzigomyces, Repetophragma, and Stanjehughesia, to accommodate some species based on conidial septation (euseptate/distoseptate) and conidiogenesis. However, considering the non-taxonomic value of euseptate and distoseptate conidia in sporidesmium-like species, Su et al. (6) proposed Ellisembia as synonymous with Sporidesmium. ...
Plant debris are habitat favoring the growth of various microbial species. Over the course of our mycological surveys in Jiangxi and Yunnan Provinces, China, eight new Distoseptispora species, viz. D. gasaensis , D. guanshanensis , D. jinghongensis , D. longnanensis , D. menghaiensis , D. menglunensis , D. nanchangensis , and D. yichunensis collected on dead branches of unidentified plants, were introduced by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Multi-locus (LSU, ITS, TEF1 , and RPB2 ) phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference to infer their taxonomic positions within Distoseptispora . Both molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters supported them as eight independent taxa within Distoseptispora . This work improves our understanding of the diversity of Distoseptispora in southern China.
IMPORTANCE
Distoseptispora as a single genus in Distoseptisporaceae was introduced by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Members of this genus occur mainly as asexual morphs, forming effuse, hairy colonies on decaying wood, plant stems, bamboo culms, and fallen leaves and shafts in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. In the present study, saprobic hyphomycetes from plant debris were investigated, and eight new Distoseptispora species were introduced based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, TEF1 , and RPB2 sequence data. This study provides important data on the species diversity, ecological environment, and geographical area of Distoseptispora , greatly updates the classification of Distoseptispora , and improves our understanding of the taxonomy of Distoseptispora .
Over the past three decades, a wealth of studies has shown that palm trees (Arecaceae) are a diverse habitat with intense fungal colonisation, making them an important substratum to explore fungal diversity. Palm trees are perennial, monocotyledonous plants mainly restricted to the tropics that include economically important crops and highly valued ornamental plants worldwide. The extensive research conducted in Southeast Asia and Australasia indicates that palm fungi are undoubtedly a taxonomically diverse assemblage from which a remarkable number of new species is continuously being reported. Despite this wealth of data, no recent comprehensive review on palm fungi exists to date. In this regard, we present here a historical account and discussion of the research on the palm fungi to reflect on their importance as a diverse and understudied assemblage. The taxonomic structure of palm fungi is also outlined, along with comments on the need for further studies to place them within modern DNA sequence-based classifications. Palm trees can be considered model plants for studying fungal biodiversity and, therefore, the key role of palm fungi in biodiversity surveys is discussed. The close association and intrinsic relationship between palm hosts and palm fungi, coupled with a high fungal diversity, suggest that the diversity of palm fungi is still far from being fully understood. The figures suggested in the literature for the diversity of palm fungi have been revisited and updated here. As a result, it is estimated that there are about 76,000 species of palm fungi worldwide, of which more than 2500 are currently known. This review emphasises that research on palm fungi may provide answers to a number of current fungal biodiversity challenges.
Chaetosphaeriaceae is one of the largest families in Sordariomycetes with its members commonly found on decaying leaf, fruit, branch, bark and wood in both terrestrial and submerged environment in nature. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae in China, which is based on a systematic study with an integrated approach of morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for a large collection (> 1300 herbarium specimens and 1100 living strains). The family Chaetosphaeriaceae is expanded to accommodate 89 accepted genera, including 22 new genera and 10 newly assigned genera. Most of these genera (except for Chaetosphaeria and several other relatively large genera) are delimitated as monophyletic genera with well-defined diagnostic characters in morphology. The phylogenetic connection of non-phialidic Sporidesmium -like fungi is further confirmed and expanded to 10 different genera. The polyphyletic Codinaea / Dictyochaeta/Tainosphaeria complex is further resolved with a taxonomic framework of 28 monophyletic genera by redelimitation of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta with narrower concept, acceptance of the 16 established genera, and finally introduction of 10 new genera. Chloridium is phylogenetically redefined as monophyletic genus with narrower concept as typified by the type species, but a systematic review in both generic and species level is still needed. For biodiversity of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi, a total of 369 species in 76 genera, including 119 new species, 47 new combinations, and one new name, are documented. The identification keys are provided for most genera, especially the large genera such as Codinaea s. str., Codinaeella , Stilbochaeta , Cryptophiale , Thozetella , Dinemasporium and Pseudolachnella . In addition, ten known species were excluded from the family and reclassified. Systematic revision of several relatively large polyphyletic genera should be conducted in future studies, including Bahusutrabeeja , Ellisembia , Stanjehughesia , Cacumisporium , Chaetosphaeria , Chloridium , Craspedodidymum , Cryptophiale , Cryptophialoidea , Dictyochaetopsis , Minimidochium , and many published species of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta .
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