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Zonation of molluscs in a mangrove swamp in the Kimberley, Western Australia
... In the present study, the vegetated habitats (Avicennia and Rhizophora) had greater diversity than the unvegetated mudfl at and channel zones. Similar fi ndings were made by Sasekumar (1974), Frith et al. (1976; Wells & Slack-Smith (1981); Henriques (1980); Sheriden (1997) and Sasekumar & Chong (1998). The Thai mangrove areas studied here had greater diversity (28 species) in the vegetated zones than the 8 species recorded in the Kimberley, Western Australia (Wells & Slack Smith, 1981), the 6 species found at Klong Nga, Ranong, Thailand (Macintosh et al., 2002), and the 21 species in the Bay of Rest, Western Australia (Wells, , 1984(Wells, , 1986a and was close in diversity to Sai Keng, Hong Kong, where 23 species were found (Wells, 1986b(Wells, , 1986c. ...
... Similar fi ndings were made by Sasekumar (1974), Frith et al. (1976; Wells & Slack-Smith (1981); Henriques (1980); Sheriden (1997) and Sasekumar & Chong (1998). The Thai mangrove areas studied here had greater diversity (28 species) in the vegetated zones than the 8 species recorded in the Kimberley, Western Australia (Wells & Slack Smith, 1981), the 6 species found at Klong Nga, Ranong, Thailand (Macintosh et al., 2002), and the 21 species in the Bay of Rest, Western Australia (Wells, , 1984(Wells, , 1986a and was close in diversity to Sai Keng, Hong Kong, where 23 species were found (Wells, 1986b(Wells, , 1986c. Molluscan diversity in Rhizophora (19 species) was lower than in Avicennia, but was still higher than in other Rhizophora areas: 7 species each in the Kimberley, Western Australia (Wells & Slack-Smith, 1981) and in the Bay of Rest (Wells, , 1984, 11 species in a Malaysian mangrove (Sasekumar & Chong, 1998) and 6 species at Ranong (Macintosh et al., 2002). ...
... The Thai mangrove areas studied here had greater diversity (28 species) in the vegetated zones than the 8 species recorded in the Kimberley, Western Australia (Wells & Slack Smith, 1981), the 6 species found at Klong Nga, Ranong, Thailand (Macintosh et al., 2002), and the 21 species in the Bay of Rest, Western Australia (Wells, , 1984(Wells, , 1986a and was close in diversity to Sai Keng, Hong Kong, where 23 species were found (Wells, 1986b(Wells, , 1986c. Molluscan diversity in Rhizophora (19 species) was lower than in Avicennia, but was still higher than in other Rhizophora areas: 7 species each in the Kimberley, Western Australia (Wells & Slack-Smith, 1981) and in the Bay of Rest (Wells, , 1984, 11 species in a Malaysian mangrove (Sasekumar & Chong, 1998) and 6 species at Ranong (Macintosh et al., 2002). However, the pattern of greater diversity in the vegetated zones was the opposite of that found by Wells ( , 1984 in the Bay of Rest, where the mudflat had the greatest diversity. ...
Molluscs were studied in mangroves at six sites in the upper Gulf of Thailand from March to June 2004. At each site, density, diversity, and biomass of molluscs were measured in replicate samples made in four habitats: Avicennia and Rhizophora tree zones, and the unvegetated mudfl at and channel. There is no Rhizophora zone at the site at Ang Sila. A moderate diversity of 47 species (31 gastropods and 16 bivalves) was collected. There was considerable variation in population characteristics between sites and between habitats at a site. Mangrove tree habitats tended to have greater diversity than unvegetated habitats. Mean density varied from 9.4/m 2 at Ban Num Chieo to 841.5/m 2 at Bangpoo, a difference of almost two orders of magnitude. There was no clear pattern of density in the different habitats. Three habitats (mudfl at, Avicennia and Rhizophora tree zones) each had one site where there were no molluscs found. The greatest densities were recorded in three different habitats: 1,120.6/m 2 in the channel at Laem Chabang; 1,235.8/ m 2 in Rhizophora at Khlong Khon; and 3,289.6/m 2 in Avicennia at Bangpoo. The high densities in these three habitats were contributed entirely by three different species, one at each of the habitats. The greatest biomass was found at different sites from the greatest density. A single species of bivalve was responsible for the high biomass at the three sites with the greatest biomass; the dominant species differed at the three habitats. Three assemblage groupings were found. The largest comprised molluscs from all Avicennia and Rhizophora habitats and the channel habitats at Bangpoo and Bang Ya Phreak. All fi ve mudfl at and two channel habitats formed a second group, and the Leam Chabang channel formed an isolated group. Gastropods were mostly epifaunal (24 species) or arboreal (7 species); most bivalves were infaunal. All 16 bivalves were fi lter feeders, and 23 gastropods were herbivores. In general, fi lter feeders and detritivores dominated density and biomass. This is consistent with the ecological role of molluscs being intermediate between the mangroves as primary producers and the higher trophic levels in the food web. Marine species dominated the salinity preference.
... C. obtusa hidup pada rawa mangrove di atas substrat yaitu pada akar dan batang mangrove (FAO, 1988). Jenis tersebut juga banyak dijumpai di zona Ceriops kawasan hutan mangrove Kimberley, Australia Barat dengan kelimpahan 1,65 ind./m 2 (Wells & Slack-Smith, 1981 (Hogarth, 1986). Kelimpahan gastropoda di Klaces menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara stasiun I, II, dan III. ...
... Jenis ini ditemukan merayap pada akar dan batang mangrove dan di atas substrat pada saat pasang rendah. Wells & Slack-Smith (1981) menyebutkan bahwa di hutan mangrove Kimberley, Australia Barat, N. lineata ditemukan di atas pohon dari batas substrat dasar sampai kira-kira 2m diatasnya dan merupakan jenis paling dominan di zona Rhizophora. Jenis lain yang banyak ditemukan pada akar dan batang mangrove di Sapuregel adalah N. planospira. ...
... The class Gastropoda was mostly found (69%), followed by Bivalvia (16%), Echinoidea, Scapopoda, and Malacostraca (4% of each), Polychaeta and Ophiuroidea (2% of each). The high composition of Gastropoda is closely related to the biological and ecological characteristics of Gastropoda that prefer muddy habitat with high organic matter content [11]. Bivalvia is widely distributed in the coastal area of Indonesia, particularly in many water aquatic ecosystems [12]. ...
Superintensive shrimp farming ( Litopeneus vannamei ) has been developed since 2012 in Barru district, South Sulawesi. Organic waste from uneaten shrimp feed has been discarded into Labuange waters during superintensive farming development. Accumulated organic waste in the sediment of Labuange sediment has an impact on the presence of macrozoobenthos. The study aims to analyze the structure of the macrozoobenthos community and its potential as a bioindicator of organic waste pollution in Labuange waters, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted using a survey method. A sampling of Labuange sediment for macrozoobenthos analysis was carried out at six stations with six replications, respectively. The type of identified macrozoobenthos was then analyzed by CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis) using PAST (Paleontological Statistics) software to calculate the strength of the relationship between the characteristics of the sediment and the macrozoobenthos indicator. Species and abundance of macrozoobenthos were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out the differences of species and abundance of macrozoobenthos in each station. The results showed differences in macrozoobenthos abundance in each station, and found ten types of macrozoobenthos which had potential as an organic waste bioindicator, whose presence was directly related to the characteristics of sediments, in the form of organic carbon, organic matter, phosphate, pHf, redox potential and N-total namely Nassarius absconditus , Tenagodus sp., Nassarius sp., Tellina radiata , Tellina sp., Pinna sp., Vexillum sp., Arenicola sp., Cerithium sp., and Cerithium salebrosum . Based on the macrozoobenthos diversity index, heavy pollution was occurred at stations 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, while station 2 was in moderate pollution.
... However, Vermeij (1973) attributed the absence of infaunal molluscs to the acidic conditions in the mangrove sediments. Berry (1963), Mac Nae (1967), Brown (1971, Sasekumar (1974), Wells and Slack-smith (1981) and Wells (1984) have also stated that the absence of infaunal molluscs is a consistent feature of mangrove habitat. ...
Mangrove or Mangal vegetation are typical wetland ecosystems found in coastal deposits
of mud and silt throughout the tropics and some distance into the sub-tropical latitude. Species
diversity, distribution, seasonal abundance in population and behavioral responses of mangrove
associated molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) were investigated in two mangal areas: Sandspit
and Korangi, along the Karachi coast of Pakistan. For sampling, a fixed route was followed
throughout the study period and the samples were collected and observations were made from
HTZ to LTZ. Fourteen species of molluscs (5 Prosobranchia; 6 Pulmonata; 1 Opisthobranchia
and 2 Lamellibranchia) belonging to ten families were recorded. Family Ellobiidae, Potamididae,
and Onchididae were found extensively distributed in both sites. All the recorded species are
belonging to the epifaunal mode of life. Analysis of the data shows that ten of the recorded
species are common to both sites, while four are exclusively found at the Korangi site. Seven of
the representative species are exclusively mangrove associated; five are common to mangrove
and non-mangrove areas, while two are non-mangrove dwellers. The low species diversity can
be attributed either to the study techniques, a small number of study sites or possibly to the
geographical locations of the study sites. Seasonal variations were noticed in species diversity
and density distribution, indicating higher values in summer and autumn and lower in spring and
winter.
... More recent accounts have been published by Johnstone (1990), Messel et al. (1977), Saenger (1996), Semeniuk (1980Semeniuk ( , 1982Semeniuk ( , 1985, and Thom, Wright and Coleman (1975). Their zonation and structure are described by Semeniuk, Kenneally and Wilson (1978), Wells (1982), Hutchings and Saenger (1987), Johnstone (1990) and Wells and Slack-Smith (1981). The distribution of mangroves around the Western Australian coast has been assessed by Pedretti and Paling (2001) and by Bridgewater and Cresswell (1999). ...
This chapter describes studies carried out on the terrestrial flora of the Maret Islands and adjacent islands in the Bonaparte Archipelago and, on a broader scale, in the Mitchell Subregion of the Northern Kimberley Bioregion as delineated in the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA). It is based on the results of surveys carried out in 2006 and 2007 by a team of botanists and environmental consultants to provide the baseline biological data necessary for the preparation of an environmental impact statement for the establishment of an industrial operation on the Maret Islands.
The surveys focused on the Maret Islands (the main study site), with secondary studies carried out on Berthier Island, East Montalivet Island and West Montalivet Island (the “reference islands”) for comparative purposes. These three islands lie close to the Maret Islands, are of comparable size, have elements of similar lateritic geology and were expected to have similar floras and vegetation communities. A dry‑season survey was later conducted on Lamarck Island to the south of the Maret Islands, again for comparative purposes because it has dissimilar (sandstone) geology.
The vegetation of the Maret Islands comprises dune associations above the beaches, coastal vine thickets on the slopes around the edges of the laterite plateaux and savannah woodland on the plateau surfaces.
While these vegetation types are well represented in the wider region, the extent of the contiguous vine thicket on South Maret Island makes it one of the largest intact thickets in the Kimberley region. Preliminary observations of the vine thickets on sandstone islands in the region indicate that they contain different species assemblages and structures from the vine thickets on the lateritic islands.
Floristically, there are many similarities among the islands. Although community composition varies between islands, much of the flora is widely distributed in the region. No Western Australian “Declared Rare Flora” were found on any of the surveyed islands. Two “Priority” species were collected on the Maret Islands and appear to be in stable populations in the region. Several potentially “new” (= undescribed) plant species or variants were collected from the Maret Islands, for example a herb of the genus Gomphrena. While none of these plant taxa are likely to be restricted to the Maret Islands, further taxonomic and survey work is needed to determine their conservation significance.
While not a required aspect of the survey effort, opportunistic collections were made of fungi encountered during the survey program. One new fungus variety of the genus Protoxerula was described from specimens collected during the 2007 survey on North Maret Island; the variety was also collected on South Maret Island and is known from similar habitats on mainland Australia.
... This study concerns Molluscs in particular, because they are one of the dominant groups of the mangrove community that plays a significant ecological role in the structure and function of mangrove systems (Berry, 1963;Coomans, 1969;Sasekumar, 1974;Firth et al., 1976;Wells and Slack-Smith 1981;Wells, 1983;1984;Lee, 1998;Ng and Sivasothi, 2001;Tan and Chou, 2000;Macintosh et al., 2002;Ashton et al., 2003). Also it is the most important group in terms of number of species, density and biomass (Morton and Morton, 1983;Wells, 1984;Macintosh et al., 2002). ...
The chain of 21 islands in the Gulf of Mannar and the corals around
them have acted as baffles in absorbing the energy of the tsunami of 26
December 2004 and protected the shoreline of the coastal districts of
Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Ramanathapuram and Sivagangai in Tamilnadu.
However, the live coral cover of 48.5% in the Gulf of Mannar has been
reduced to 36% after the tsunami. The corals also suffered partial
bleaching, infestation with disease, silt deposition, breakage and
uprooting in many places. Shingle, Mulli, Valai, Thalaiyari, Upputhanni, Van,
Kasuwar and Karaichalli islands experienced shore erosion and landscape
alterations. Similar suffering was experienced by the corals of Palk Bay
where the live coral cover reduced from 26.7% to 19.2% after the tsunami.
However, there was no change in landscape structure in the Palk Bay
region. The sedimentation rate was high after the tsunami in the Palk Bay
showing 54 mg/cm2/d .
ABSTRACT - This paper is part of a series compiling data on the biodiversity of the shallow water (< 30 m) marine and estuarine flora and fauna of the Kimberley region of coastal northern Western Australia and adjacent offshore regions out to the edge of the Australian continental shelf (termed the ‘Kimberley Project Area’ throughout this series – see Sampey et al. 2014). This series of papers, which synthesise species level data accumulated by Australian museums to December 2008, serves as a baseline for future biodiversity surveys and to assist with future management decisions. This present paper deals with the molluscs of the classes Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda. The molluscs, the most numerically diverse of all of the groups analysed in the Project Area, comprise a total of 1,784 species. Given that (a) the present collation is tightly constrained in terms of locations sampled, depth ranges, dates and institutional databases, (b) there are many under sampled groups (perhaps the majority of families), and (c) the rate of species discovery for molluscs within the Project Area is rising at a rate of approximately 18% per year (according to two independent analyses outlined herein), it is predicted that the eventual total for the Project Area will exceed 5000 species. The molluscan fauna of the Project Area is almost entirely tropical in composition with almost no attenuation of numerical diversity southward, either inshore or offshore. Neither does any pronounced difference exist in numerical diversity across the shelf, despite only 25.32% of species being common to both inshore and offshore locales; the low percentage probably being due to inadequate sampling. A total of 183 species (10.28%) is endemic to Australian waters, with the majority of these endemics (9.32%) occurring only at inshore localities.
A mangrove forest at Wellington Point (south-east Queensland) was sampled between February and September 1978 for information on distribution and abundance of gastropod molluscs. Thirty species of gastropod were collected. The mangal could be divided into zones determined by floral species. Greatest variety of gastropods was recorded from the central Avicennia swamp and seaward edge zones. Variety declined in the Rhizophora and upshore zones. The highest population recorded was for juvenile Salinator fragilis (3,000 individuals per m2) on the Suaeda salt flat.
The spatial zonation of macrobenthic fauna in the core region of Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserve was studied with two transects vertical to the shoreline. The first transect was near Deyao Village where three faunal zones of the mangrove swamp could be divided into the following types from the high tide part to the low tide part: the Assiminea lutea-Uca arcuata-Paracleistostoma crassipilum zone, the Cleistostoma dilatatum-Macrophthalmus erato-Littoraria melanostoma zone, and the Paracleistostoma depressum-Cerithidae cingulata zone. Mollusck and crustacean exhibited the highest individual density in this transect. Mollusck mainly influenced the dynamics of community biomass as well as the species diversity index. In the second transect near Hongzhai Village, the following four faunal zones could be determined: the Littoraria melanostoma-Pseudoringicula sinensis-Ceratonereis burmensis zone, the Assiminea lutea-Cleistostoma dilatatum zone with a dominant species belonging to the Ellobiidae, Upogebia sp.-Paracleistostoma depressum zone, and the Metaplax sheni-Cerithidae cingulata zone. The crustacean showed the highest individual density in this transect. Similar to the Deyao transect, dynamics of community biomass and the species diversity index of the Hongzhai transect were mainly influenced by mollusck. By hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, the macrobenthic fauna communities could be divided into three and four groups in the Deyao and Hongzhai transects, respectively. These groups corresponded to different types of vegetation of the mangrove swamp. Taken together, our observations indicated that the spatial zonation of the macrobenthic fauna was mainly affected by the characteristics of the mangrove community, sediment characteristics and the tidal line.
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