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Les goniatites du Carbonifère du Maroc et des confins Algéro-Marocains du sud (Dinantien-Westphalien)
... It is, therefore, possible that the ammonoid fauna from below the level of the Merocanites Limestone still belongs to the Progoniatites Zone. In Morocco, ammonoids of this age are known from Jebel Erfoud (Delépine 1941). Becker (2019) reported that new collections and a revision of Delépine type material deposited at Lille show that Muensteroceras, Dzhaprakoceras, Rotopericyclus, Hammatocyclus and Merocanites come from a very rare, uppermost Tournaisian siderite fauna from Jebel Erfoud and recorded Dzhaprakoceras, Nautellipsites, Ammonellipsites, Merocanites and Michiganites from a breccia unit at Jebel Begaa discussed by Aretz et al. (2013). ...
... In North Africa, occurrences in the Entogonites-Maxigoniatites Zone show the co-occurrence of Entogonites saharense and Goniatites lazarus (in Dar Kaoua) ); the assemblage also contains Bollandoceras, Beyrichoceras, Beyrichoceratoides, Calygirtyoceras and Merocanites (Delépine 1941;Pareyn 1961;Korn et al. 2005, suggesting a level close to the Entogonites grimmeri Zone. ...
... In North Africa, a fauna with Homoceras was reported from eastern Morocco (Jerada) (Delépine 1941;Bouckaert and Owodenko 1965). Pareyn et al. (1984) and Manger et al. (1985) indicated the presence of the Homoceras Zone in the Béchar Region (Algeria) in the lower part of the Tagnana Formation with Homoceras, Isohomoceras, Syngastrioceras, Ramosites and Anthracoceras. ...
Considerable progress has been made by international teams in refining the traditional ammonoid zonation that remains the backbone of Carboniferous stratigraphy. The Carboniferous ammonoid genozones, with a few gaps, are now recognized throughout the entire system in most successions worldwide. Refined collecting and documentation of occurrences in Western Europe, North Africa, the Urals, China, and North America, aimed to establish the first evolutionary occurrences, and facilitated correlation with foraminiferal and conodont scales for most of the Carboniferous. From ten to eleven ammonoid genozones are now recognized in the Mississippian, and eight to nine genozones in the Pennsylvanian. Of these, the established lower boundaries of the subsystems are reasonably well correlated with the ammonoid zonation, whereas correlations with the ratified foraminiferal-based lower boundary of the Viséan and other stage boundaries, currently under discussion, need further research. Future success in the ammonoid geochronology will also depend on accurate identification and re-illustration of the type material, including material described by pioneers of ammonoid biostratigraphy.
... Hall 1860). A more extensive description of ammonoids from north-western Algeria was provided by Menchikoff (1930), before Delpine (1941) summarised the knowledge of that time in his monograph on the Carboniferous ammonoids from North Africa. His descriptions are mainly based on material assembled in the 1930s by the field investigators Clariond, Owodenko, Menchikoff, Neltner, andparticu-larly H. Termier (1936a, 1936b). ...
... He investigated the area of the Chebket el Hamra in the vicinity of Touissit during field excursions in 1933 and 1934 and collected ammonoid material, which he sent to Delpine for interpretation. Few specimens were described and figured by Delpine (1941), but the fossil list gives an impression of the rather diverse fauna from that locality. ...
... It was studied by a number of researchers (e.g. Brichant 1932Brichant , 1935Clariond 1933;Clariond & Termier 1933) and intensely investigated and mapped by Owodenko (1946), who used the age determination of the fossil-bearing rocks previously given by Delpine (1941). ...
Five Late Viséan ammonoid assemblages of North Variscan provenance are described from the locality Chebket el Hamra (Jerada Basin, north-eastern Morocco). These assemblages are composed of 27 species of the genera Eoglyphioceras, Girtyoceras, Sulcogirtyoceras, Metadimorphoceras, Goniatites, Arnsbergites, Hibernicoceras, Paraglyphioceras, Lusitanoceras, Sudeticeras, Neoglyphioceras, Lusitanites, Ferganoceras, Praedaraelites, and Pronorites. The new subfamily Arnsbergitinae is described, as well as the thirteen new species Eoglyphioceras minutum n. sp., Girtyoceras ibnkhaldouni n. sp., Metadimorphoceras anguinosum n. sp., Arnsbergites ferrus n. sp., Arnsbergites proiecturus n. sp., Arnsbergites rufus n. sp., Hibernicoceras touissitense n. sp., Hibernicoceras artilobatum n. sp., Paraglyphioceras celeris n. sp., Lusitanoceras zirari n. sp., Sudeticeras ibnbajjahi n. sp., Sudeticeras horoni n. sp., and Pronorites owodenkoi n. sp.
doi:10.1002/mmng.200800004
... The subdivision of the Carboniferous by means of ammonoid genera leads to a number of genus zones, which at least in part can be correlated with the chronostratigraphical stages (Davydov et al. 2012). A global zonation based on species Great Basin Youngquist 1949, Miller et al. 1952, Kullmann 1961, Wagner-Gentis 1963 Anti-Atlas Delépine 1941, Klug et al. 2006 Western Algeria Termier and Termier 1952, Pareyn 1961 Southern Algeria Conrad 1984, Ebbighausen et al. 2004, Korn et al. 2010b Donetz Basin Popov 1979 North Urals, Novaya Zemlya Librovitch 1938, Kusina 1974, Kusina and Yatskov 1999 South Urals Ruzhencev 1950, Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya 1970, 1971a, b, 1975 Karaganda, Semipalatinsk Librovitch 1940 Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan) Popov 1965 Popov , 1968 Tien Shan (Uzbekistan) Librovitch 1927, Pitinova 1974, Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya 1978 Pamirs (Tajikistan) Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya 1971a, Nikolaeva 1994 Xinjiang Liang and Wang 1991 South China Yang 1978, Ruan 1981b, a, Yang 1986, Ruan and Zhou 1987 is not applicable because of the limited geographical distribution of many of the species. The time resolution in terms of ammonoid zonation is highly variable for the duration of the Carboniferous. ...
... Time scale from Davydov et al. (2012) The Fascipericyclus-Ammonellipsites genus Zone, which probably ranges into the earliest Viséan, often appears as a uniform time interval with respect to ammonoid biostratigraphy. Diverse assemblages have been described from Belgium (Koninck 1878; Delépine 1940), the Rhenish Mountains (Holzapfel 1889; Schmidt 1925), Ireland (Crick 1899; Foord 1901 Foord , 1903), the Montagne Noire (Böhm 1935), the Anti-Atlas (Delépine 1941), the Harz Mountains (Schindewolf 1951 ), the Saoura Valley of Algeria (Pareyn 1961), the Tien Shan (Popov 1965Popov , 1968), Northern England (Riley 1996; Tilsley and Korn 2009) and the Mouydir of Algeria (Ebbighausen et al. 2010). A succession of ammonoid faunas is known from the North Urals, where Kusina (1974 Kusina ( , 1980) described assemblages of Late Tournaisian to earliest Viséan age. ...
... The paleogeographical separation of shelf areas in the Viséan was maintained during the Serpukhovian, thus discrete stratigraphical schemes had to be proposed for the various regions (compare Korn and De Baets 2015). The principal subdivision was developed by British researchers in the first half of the twentieth Century (Bisat 1924Bisat , 1950 Bisat and Hudson 1943; Hudson 1945) and adopted by workers on time-equivalent successions in other parts of Europe such as Ireland (Hodson 1957; Yates 1962), South Portugal (Korn 1997), the Netherlands (Dorsman 1945 ), Belgium (Dorlodot and Delépine 1930; Demanet 1938 Demanet , 1941 Demanet , 1943), northern France (Chalard 1960), the Rhenish Mountains (Schmidt 1934; Patteisky 1959; Horn 1960; Korn and Horn 1997b), North Moravia (Patteisky 1936), the Lublin Coal Basin of Poland (Bojkowski 1979), the Moroccan Meseta (Delépine 1941) and the Donetz Basin (Popov 1979 ). The stratigraphical subdivision of the sediments in these regions is mainly based on girtyoceratid, homoceratid, reticuloceratid and gastrioceratid ammonoids (Fig. 12.8). ...
The time interval between the Emsian (Early Devonian) and the end of the Permian is characterized by the rapid evolution of the Ammonoidea, and this evolution is reflected by the establishment of a detailed biostratigraphical scheme. Ammonoids are, together with the conodonts, the most important stratigraphical tools for this interval. The present time resolution in terms of ammonoid biostratigraphy is highest in the Devonian (one zone has a mean of 0.9 Ma) and in the Carboniferous (about 1 Ma), while the subdivision of the Permian is much coarser (about 2.5 Ma per ammonoid zone on average).
... Hall 1860). A more extensive description of ammonoids from north-western Algeria was provided by Menchikoff (1930), before Delpine (1941) summarised the knowledge of that time in his monograph on the Carboniferous ammonoids from North Africa. His descriptions are mainly based on material assembled in the 1930s by the field investigators Clariond, Owodenko, Menchikoff, Neltner, andparticu-larly H. Termier (1936a, 1936b). ...
... He investigated the area of the Chebket el Hamra in the vicinity of Touissit during field excursions in 1933 and 1934 and collected ammonoid material, which he sent to Delpine for interpretation. Few specimens were described and figured by Delpine (1941), but the fossil list gives an impression of the rather diverse fauna from that locality. ...
... It was studied by a number of researchers (e.g. Brichant 1932Brichant , 1935Clariond 1933;Clariond & Termier 1933) and intensely investigated and mapped by Owodenko (1946), who used the age determination of the fossil-bearing rocks previously given by Delpine (1941). ...
Five Late Viséan ammonoid assemblages of North Variscan provenance are described from the locality Chebket el Hamra (Jerada Basin, north-eastern Morocco). These assemblages are composed of 27 species of the genera Eoglyphioceras, Girtyoceras, Sulcogirtyoceras, Metadimorphoceras, Goniatites, Arnsbergites, Hibernicoceras, Paraglyphioceras, Lusitanoceras, Sudeticeras, Neoglyphioceras, Lusitanites, Ferganoceras, Praedaraelites , and Pronorites . The new subfamily Arnsbergitinae is described, as well as the thirteen new species Eoglyphioceras minutum n. sp., Girtyoceras ibnkhaldouni n. sp., Metadimorphoceras anguinosum n. sp., Arnsbergites ferrus n. sp., Arnsbergites proiecturus n. sp., Arnsbergites rufus n. sp., Hibernicoceras touissitense n. sp., Hibernicoceras artilobatum n. sp., Paraglyphioceras celeris n. sp., Lusitanoceras zirari n. sp., Sudeticeras ibnbajjahi n. sp., Sudeticeras horoni n. sp., and Pronorites owodenkoi n. sp.
doi:<a hrefCombining double low line"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200800004" targetCombining double low line"-blank">10.1002/mmng.200800004 .
... This was followed by the two famous monographs on all North African Devonian goniatites and clymeniids by PETTER (1959,1960). For Lower Carboniferous ammonoids, the earlier monograph of DELEPINE (1941) was the most significant contribution. In the last three decades, a wealth of papers has dealt with the taxonomy and stratigraphy of Anti-Atlas ammonoids. ...
... Visean DELEPINE (1941), KLUG et al. (2006, KORN et al. (1999KORN et al. ( , 2005KORN et al. ( , 2007, BECKER in HAHN et al. (2012). ...
Introduction to the geology of the Eastern Anti Atlas (Tafilalt and Maider), Morocco; with focus on Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata and Events.
... The Early Carboniferous sedimentary succession in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco has long been in the shadow of the much wider distributed, locally more fossiliferous, and therefore more intensely studied Devonian succession. Early Carboniferous macrofossils from the Anti-Atlas have been described only rarely until the 1990's; one of the contributions is the ammonoid monograph by Delpine (1941). Termier & Termier (1950) reported 18 species of various gastropod genera (Platyceras, Schizostoma, Straparollus, Microdoma, Anematina, Bellerophon, Euphemites, Worthenia, Ptychomphalina, Baylea, "Gosseletia" [objective synonym erroneously used by Termier & Termier for Gosseletina Fischer, 1885], and Zygopleura) from different Visan localities in Morocco, most in open nomenclature or in vague relation to gastropods from Belgium or Great Britain. ...
... The extensive studies of the Palaeozoic rocks of the Anti-Atlas by Wendt et al. (1984) and Wendt (1985Wendt ( , 1988 have motivated special focus on the biostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Devonian and Carboniferous sequences (Fig. 1). The re-discovery, in the mid-1990's, of the ammonoid-bearing localities described by Delpine (1941) resulted in a first monograph on the Late Visan ammonoid faunas from the area of Taouz (Korn et al. 1999), followed by a number of studies (Korn et al. 2002(Korn et al. , 2003(Korn et al. , 2005(Korn et al. , 2007Klug et al. 2006), during which the gastropod material described here was assembled. Therefore, all the material can precisely be assigned to distinct horizons in terms of ammonoid biostratigraphy (Fig. 2). ...
Diverse and well-preserved Late Viséan (Early Carboniferous) gastropod faunas from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco are described herein. The new genus Itimaspira n. gen. is described as well as the six new species Ananias weyeri n. sp., Itimaspira klugi n. sp., Nodospira krawczynskii n. sp., Baylea cordulae n. sp., Cinclidonema marocensis n. sp., and Schizostoma africanum n. sp., together with specimens of the genera Baylea, Orthonema, ?Knightella sp. and Macrochilina in open nomenclature.
doi:10.1002/mmng.200900006
... The Early Carboniferous sedimentary succession in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco has long been in the shadow of the much wider distributed, locally more fossiliferous, and therefore more intensely studied Devonian succession. Early Carboniferous macrofossils from the Anti-Atlas have been described only rarely until the 1990's; one of the contributions is the ammonoid monograph by Delpine (1941). Termier & Termier (1950) reported 18 species of various gastropod genera (Platyceras, Schizostoma, Straparollus, Microdoma, Anematina, Bellerophon, Euphemites, Worthenia, Ptychomphalina, Baylea, "Gosseletia" [objective synonym erroneously used by Termier & Termier for Gosseletina Fischer, 1885], and Zygopleura) from different Visan localities in Morocco, most in open nomenclature or in vague relation to gastropods from Belgium or Great Britain. ...
... The extensive studies of the Palaeozoic rocks of the Anti-Atlas by Wendt et al. (1984) and Wendt (1985Wendt ( , 1988 have motivated special focus on the biostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Devonian and Carboniferous sequences (Fig. 1). The re-discovery, in the mid-1990's, of the ammonoid-bearing localities described by Delpine (1941) resulted in a first monograph on the Late Visan ammonoid faunas from the area of Taouz (Korn et al. 1999), followed by a number of studies (Korn et al. 2002(Korn et al. , 2003(Korn et al. , 2005(Korn et al. , 2007Klug et al. 2006), during which the gastropod material described here was assembled. Therefore, all the material can precisely be assigned to distinct horizons in terms of ammonoid biostratigraphy (Fig. 2). ...
Diverse and well-preserved Late Viséan (Early Carboniferous) gastropod faunas from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco are described herein. The new genus Itimaspira n. gen. is described as well as the six new species Ananias weyeri n. sp., Itimaspira klugi n. sp., Nodospira krawczynskii n. sp., Baylea cordulae n. sp., Cinclidonema marocensis n. sp., and Schizostoma africanum n. sp., together with specimens of the genera Baylea, Orthonema, ?Knightella sp. and Macrochilina in open nomenclature.
doi:10.1002/mmng.200900006
... Homocera toides prereticulatus were recorded from the Geule Valley (Beds 8 , 13, 14), Flawinne, Hordin G allery (Bed 53), Java G allery (Beds 6 6 and 85) (Hodson, 1957;Bouckaert, 1960Bouckaert, , 1961). Delepine (1941), Bouckaert and Owodenko (1965) and others recorded a Homoce ras fauna from the Coalfield of Djerada (Eastern M orocco). The presence o f the Homoceras Zone is indicated by the find of Isohomoceras subglobosum and Homoceras beyrichianum in a single bed of shales in the Koudiat es Senn Section. ...
... The presence o f the Homoceras Zone is indicated by the find of Isohomoceras subglobosum and Homoceras beyrichianum in a single bed of shales in the Koudiat es Senn Section. Immediately below this bed Cravenoceratoides nitidus (P hillips) was recorded by Delepine (1941) which suggest the presence o f the M id -C a rb o n ife ro u s boundary in this section. a!., 1985). ...
... This age for Prolecanites appears to be anomalous, and disagrees with palaeontological and field evidence. Prolecanites is known from the Upper Mississippian of U.S.A. (Moore, 1948), and the Middle Visean of Europe and the Middle East (Delepine, 1941). ...
... Around the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, strong subsidence shifted suddenly to the Amessoui Syncline and Jdaid regions in the southern Tafilalt (Kaiser et al. 2011), extending there to the upper Tournaisian (Oued Znaiguï Formation). But in the northern Tafilalt, a transgression resumed pelagic siliciclastic facies, lying disconformably on uppermost Famennian nodular limestones, only right at the end of Tournaisian and beginning of the Visean (Jebel Erfoud, Delepine 1941). This provides a possible link with the main sequence of the Tisdafine Basin. ...
The Tisdafine Basin lies in the Eastern Anti-Atlas (southern Morocco), north of the Proterozoic Saghro-Ougnat massifs, in the Gondwana craton-western Variscid Meseta contact zone. Despite this crucial structural position, its allochthonous and autochthonous Devonian successions have been poorly studied. As an interdisciplinary tectono-sedimentary approach, field investigation, high-resolution biostratigraphy, microfacies analysis, clay mineralogy, and investigations of syn-and postsedimentary tectonic movements were used to reconstruct the Devonian basin history. Results from the wider Tinejdad region are used for comparisons with the Devonian south and east of the Proterozoic belt (northern Maïder and Tafilalt). In the western Bou Tisdafine region, the lower Emsian olistolite which is embedded in the upper Tournaisian-Visean Aït Yalla Formation remnants a shallow pelagic carbonate platform developed at the southern basin margin. A second olistolite preserved the transformation from Eifelian neritic trilobite limestone, resembling the northern Maïder region, to a condensed, mostly pelagic Givetian to middle Famennian platform. Breccia marker beds testify to the widespread Givetian/basal Frasnian synsedimentary tectonics from the Meseta to Eastern Anti-Atlas. During the FrasnianFamennian/boundary, the Upper Kellwasser Event interval is typically developed as dark goniatite limestone, followed after a sort gap by the occurence of Famennian griotte facies. The Bou Tisdafine Upper Devonian becames separated from the southern parts of the Eastern Anti-Atlas by the emerged Ougnat massif. In the eastern part of the basin, the Oued Ferkla Devonian is an isolated, large glide block derived from a western continuation of the Tafilalt Platform. Its fluctuating upper Emsian to middle Givetian pelagic facies records platform pro-and retrogradation phases, controlled by sea-level changes known from the Tafilalt, with a fine representation of the global Daleje, Choteč, Kačák, and Pumilio Events. Eifelian synsedimentary tectonic pattern correlates with the contemporaneous crustal disintegration of the whole region. The change from upper Givetian to middle Frasnian thick marls suggests a southern basin extension during the widespread tectonism of that interval. The adjacent Koudiat Inegh succession represents the true facies of the eastern Tisdafine Basin. It is characterized by black shales and distal turbiditic limestones, with a very strong diagenetic overprint (common late dolomitization) and a deformation style (with cleavage), which differs strictly from the contemporaneous beds of the glide blocks. The transition from platform to basin occurred close the base of the Eifelian, as part of the overall structural differentiation. Basinal facies persisted in the Upper Devonian. Unfortunately, the early (Emsian-middle Famennian) and main (upper Tournaisian-Visean) phases of the basin and its southern margin are separated by a gap of outcrop and strata.
... This required the introduction of closely related new species and subspecies for Moroccan populations, with still open consequences for palaeobiogeographic comparisons and palaeoecological interpretations. In summary, the following papers are essential to understand the current Tafilalt/Maïder ammonoid zonation: Givetian BENSAID (1974, , ABOUSSALAM & BECKER (2001), BECKER (2007 , , KORN et al. ( , 2013KORN et al. ( , 2015, HOLLARD (1971), , KORN et al. (2004KORN et al. ( , 2007, KAISER (2005) Visean DELEPINE (1941), KLUG et al. (2006), KORN et al. (1999KORN et al. ( , 2005KORN et al. ( , 2007, . ...
... Three distinctive ammonoid genera, Bilinguites, Cancelloceras, and Gastrioceras, serve as the best index fossils in this region. These genera have a nearly global distribution within the palaeotropical and palaeosubtropical zones and occur across the American West (Titus, 1997) and the American Midcontinent (Gordon, 1965;McCaleb, 1968;Manger and Saunders, 1980) to the British Isles (Bisat, 1924;Ramsbottom and Calver, 1962), South Portugal (Korn, 1997), the Netherlands and Belgium (Dorlodot and Delépine, 1930;Demanet, 1941Demanet, , 1943Dorsman, 1945;Bouckaert, 1961), the Rhenish Mountains of Germany (Schmidt, 1924;Schmidt, 1925;Patteisky, 1959Patteisky, , 1965Korn, 2007), the Lublin Coal Basin of Poland (Korejwo, 1969;Bojkowski, 1979), the Donets Basin of Ukraine (Popov, 1979), the South Urals of Russia (Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya, 1978), the Jerada Coal Basin of Morocco (Delépine, 1941), the Kenadsa Basin of North Algeria (Termier and Termier, 1952), Fergana in Uzbekistan (Pitinova, 1974;Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya, 1978), the Tien Shan in Kazakhstan (Nikolaeva, 1994) and North China (Ruan and Zhou, 1987;Sheng, 1987;Yang, 1987). ...
The ammonoid genera Cancelloceras and Gastrioceras are important index fossils for the subdivision of mid-Bashkirian strata; both are represented by species in the Qilian Mountain region of Gansu and Ningxia (North China). In the Xiaoyuchuan section, four successive ammonoid assemblages were recorded, in ascending order with Cancelloceras pachygyrum, Cancelloceras zhoungweiense, Gastrioceras stenumbilicatum and Gastrioceras wongi. These species are revised here, together with a description of the new species Homoceratoides wangchengi Korn and Wang, n. sp.
... Moroccan Meseta: SAID et al. 2007, 2013, ARETZ 2010, ARETZ & HERBIG 2010, whereas data are relatively scarce for others (e.g. Mouydir South-eastern Morocco (eastern Anti-Atlas) is among the second category, although Carboniferous macrofauna has been already known since the works of CLARIOND (1932CLARIOND ( , 1934 and DELÉPINE (1939DELÉPINE ( , 1941. This lack of data is even more striking when compared to well-known faunas of other Palaeozoic strata in that area. ...
... In this paper, we want to explore these links using the well preserved Carboniferous materials from Morocco. After some quiescence following the pioneering works on Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) ammonoids from northern Africa (e.g., Delépine 1941;Pareyn 1961;Hollard 1958), research on these fossils is currently experiencing a renaissance (Korn et al. 1999;2002, 2003a, b, 2005, 2010Ebbighausen et al. 2004Ebbighausen et al. , 2010Bockwinkel and Ebbighausen 2006;Klug et al. 2006;. Possibly due to the quality of the outcrop (large plains covered in loose gravel with fossils aligned according to their source rock), several Carboniferous ammonoid assemblages (including the Entogonites-bearing assemblage described by Korn et al. 2005; see map in Fig. 1) had been overlooked in the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) although they are often well preserved, sometimes rather highly diverse and the contained forms display an impressive disparity. ...
Early late Viséan ammonoid assemblages of the Tafilalt (Morocco) are composed of diverse and well-preserved specimens. Here, we describe mass-occurrences of juvenile specimens. Some of the juveniles display a conch morphology that differs fundamentally from the adult stages. Accordingly, we emend the species diagnoses of Goniatites lazarus as well as Calygirtyoceras darkaouaense, introduce the species Entogonites bucheri sp. nov., and discuss possible ecological implications of the morphologic changes throughout ontogeny. In particular, we compare the changes in conch morphology
through ontogeny in the light of Pareto Optimisation. Although shape is not a proof of function, it appears plausible that juvenile conchs were selected rather for compactness while adult conchs were positively selected for conchs with improved hydrodynamic properties.
... Data on macrofaunas from the Mississippian succession of eastern Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas, south-eastern Morocco) ( Fig. 1) were long-time restricted to the faunal lists and brief descriptions in the pioneer studies of the regional geology of Clariond (1932Clariond ( , 1934 and Delépine (1939Delépine ( , 1941. Quite recently, this area has regained some attention, especially for its rich cephalopod and gastropod faunas (Korn et al., 1999;Klug et al., 2006;Heidelberger et al., 2009;Korn et al., 2013). ...
Late Viséan brachiopods from the eastern Tafilalt (Morocco), and more precisely from the area comprised between the Jebel Begaa to the southwest, and Gara El Itima to the northeast (close to the Algerian border), are described systematically for the first time. Despite the limited material available, 18 species belonging to 17 genera have been recognized within the limestone beds of the Merdani and Zrigat formations, in which the productides (Productidina) and spiriferides are the most diverse. Representatives of the subfamily Gigantoproductidinae, which are close, if not conspecific, to those present in contemporaneous rocks of the nearby Béchar Basin (Algeria), occur in the late Viséan Zrigat Formation. Additional research based on more abundant material is necessary to investigate thoroughly the relationships existing between the Béchar Basin and the Tafilalt, which may have been part of the former during the Carboniferous.
... Huge allochthonous mud-mound boulders (lower Viséan) occur in the southeastern Tafilalt (Jebel Bega and farther east, PAREYN 1961). The youngest preserved Palaeozoic strata of the east- ern Anti-Atlas are lower Namurian shales (DELÉPINE 1941), which are exposed near the ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;;; northwestern edge of Erg Chebbi. The geological history of the Anti-Atlas between the Namurian and the continental Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) is unknown. ...
During the Devonian, the eastern Anti-Atlas formed a part of the northwestern continental margin of Gondwana which was a mid-latitudinal (30 40°S), temperate-water carbonate province. In the Mader region, ten carbonate mounds (one reef-mound and nine mud-mounds), distributed over five discrete localities, are intercalated within a 200-400 m thick Middle Devonian succession. The arid climate of the northwestern margin of the Sahara has exhumed these mounds which display perfectly their original morphologies and relations to off-mound lithologies. The carbonate mounds of the Mader area consist of massive, stromatactis-bearing boundstones (wackestones and floatstones in a purely descriptive manner) with the bulk of the mound volume consisting of fine-grained carbonate (microspar). High accumulation rates (0.2-0.8 m/1000 a), purity of mound carbonates (> 95% CaCO3) and homogeneous Mg-calcite mineralogy strongly argue for in situ carbonate production by microbial (cyanobacterial/bacterial) communities. In addition, other indications (calcified cyanobacteria in the immediate neighbourhood of stromatactis fabrics, dark crusts surrounding stromatactis fabrics and alignment of stromatactis fabrics parallel to the accretionary mound surfaces) suggest a close relationship between stromatactis formation and carbonate production. Microbial communities probably flourished on the mound surfaces, precipitating fine-grained carbonates and consolidating the steep mound flanks by their mucilages. Once embedded, these communities decayed and were successively replaced by calcite cements, finally resulting in stromatactis fabrics. The facies model proposed for the three most conspicuous mound occurrences (Aferdou el Mrakib, Guelb el Maharch, Jebel el Otfal) is a 40 km wide, tectonically-controlled homoclinal ramp, which developed between an area of uplift (Mader Platform) and another area of strong subsidence (depocentre of the Mader Basin). The bathymetric gradient of this ramp is reflected by a Middle Devonian facies pattern varying from shallow to deeper water environments and by different faunal associations of the carbonate mounds. The Aferdou el Mrakib reef-mound was established at moderate water depth (midramp setting), because it contains abundant frame-builders (stromatoporoids, colonial rugose corals) but lacks indications for euphotic conditions, like calcareous algae and micritic envelopes. The Guelb el Maharch and Jebel el Otfal mud-mounds contain a much more impoverished fauna, dominated by crinoids and tabulate corals (auloporids), indicating a deeper bathymetric position (outer ramp setting) on the ramp. Further, but rather unspectacular mud-mounds (SE' Zireg, Jebel Ou Driss) are situated apart from the ramp at localities in the southern and the southwestern Mader area respectively. Mound growth was possibly initiated by hydrothermal seepage at the seafloor though no evidences for hydrothermal activity, like mineralizations or depleted δ13C values, have been found to date. Slightly elevated temperatures may have stimulated the benthic fauna, especially crinoids, forming flat in situ lenses, which in turn served as substrates for microbial colonization. Termination of mound growth in the Mader Basin is connected with the subsidence-caused drowning of the carbonate ramp. Poorly-fossiliferous, laminated mudstones overlie the mounds and suggest a southward-directed extension of basinal facies onlapping the ramp and its mounds and resulting in poorly oxygenated seafloor conditions. Diagenesis of the Mader Basin carbonate mounds includes early marine, shallow marine burial and deeper burial cementation, recrystallization of the fine-grained mound carbonates, stylolitization and dolomitization. Radiaxial calcites (RC precipitated in the marine environment and are believed to have preserved a nearly primary marine stable isotopic composition of the Mader Basin seawater with mean values of δ18O = -2.6 (±0.2)‰ PDB and δ13C = +2.7 (±0.5)‰ PDB. The exceptional high δ18O values, compared with other Middle Devonian data derived from North American studies, are interpreted as resulting from the mid-latitudinal, temperate-water settings of the Mader Basin carbonate mounds. The diagenetic history is characterized by progressive burial conditions. Meteoric influences can be ruled out because the progressively deepening bathymetric evolution of the Mader Basin excludes subaerial exposure. All diagenetic events, especially cement zones, are probably diachronous and therefore cannot be correlated within the Mader Basin and not even within individual mounds. Fault-related dolomitization, postdating Variscan compression was the last diagenetic event which affected the carbonate mounds of the Mader area.
... The first of these periods is the Late Tournaisian (see for instance Kusina 1980 for an overview), an interval from which approximately 140 ammonoid species have been described from various regions including Ireland, Central Europe, the North Urals, the Tyan' Shan', and North Africa (e.g. Foord 1901Foord , 1903Delépine 1940Delépine , 1941Holzapfel 1889;Schindewolf 1951;Kusina 1980;Librovitch 1927;Popov 1968;Pareyn 1961). After a rather rapid decrease in the Early and Middle Viséan (about 30-40 species; see Riley 1996), diversity increased almost continuously towards the latest Viséan to early Serpukhovian. ...
Palaeozoic ammonoids are not only valuable index fossils, but are also valuable for discriminating global crises in biodiversity such as the end-Eifelian Kacák Event, the Frasnian Kellwasser Events, the late Famennian Hangenberg Event, and the Permian-Triassic Event. They are also useful for solving various questions in palaeobiology; their suture lines and conch geometry permit morphometric studies using multivariate and shape analyses. Results from such analyses accord with results derived from taxa-based diversity curves (Hangenberg Event), but may contrast with them in other cases (the Kellwasser and Permian-Triassic Events). The disparity curve of conch shapes in Palaeozoic ammonoids is markedly discontinuous. Character unfolding at the beginning of their evolutionary history in the Early Devonian was rapid; the subsequent evolutionary development exhibits phases of wide morphologic extent (i.e. high disparity: middle to late Famennian, late Viséan to Bashkirian, Artinskian to Wordian) alternating with intervals of less morphologic extent (i.e. low disparity: earliest Famennian, earliest Tournaisian). Palaegeographic distribution of morphospace occupation is discussed in the context of the early rediversification and the end-Permian endemism and diversity-decline.
... The first of these periods is the Late Tournaisian (see for instance Kusina 1980 for an overview), an interval from which approximately 140 ammonoid species have been described from various regions including Ireland, Central Europe, the North Urals, the Tyan' Shan', and North Africa (e.g. Foord 1901Foord , 1903Delépine 1940Delépine , 1941Holzapfel 1889;Schindewolf 1951;Kusina 1980;Librovitch 1927;Popov 1968;Pareyn 1961). After a rather rapid decrease in the Early and Middle Viséan (about 30-40 species; see Riley 1996), diversity increased almost continuously towards the latest Viséan to early Serpukhovian. ...
... The subsequent history of the Early Carboniferous ammonoids is markedly discontinuous; high diversity and low-diversity intervals alternate. The first of these periods is the latest Tournaisian ( Fascipericyclus-Ammonellipsites Genus Zone), an interval from which approximately 220 ammonoid species have been described from various regions including Ireland, Central Europe, the North Urals, the Tyan' Shan', North Africa and North America (e.g., Holzapfel 1889; Foord 1901Foord , 1903Librovitch 1927;Delépine 1940Delépine , 1941Schindewolf 1951;Pareyn 1961;Popov 1968;Kusina 1980;Work et al. 2000;Ebbighausen et al. 2010). ...
The Ammonoidea are well represented in terms of numbers of species over a large range of time and they have survived many extinction events. The time interval from the Early Devonian through to the Triassic has seen ammonoid groups evolve and become extinct. The evolutionary history of the Paleozoic ammonoids was punctuated by some extinction events with near extinction events and subsequent recoveries. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) based on the conch width index (CWI), umbilical width index (UWI) and whorl expansion rate (WER) parameters from 4834 ammonoid species of Devonian to Triassic age produced an empirical morphospace this time interval. The morphospace of Paleozoic ammonoids shows some subtle changes between the periods, but generally, the occupied area is remarkably similar.
... The first of these periods is the Late Tournaisian (see for instance Kusina 1980 for an overview), an interval from which approximately 140 ammonoid species have been described from various regions including Ireland, Central Europe, the North Urals, the Tyan' Shan', and North Africa (e.g. Foord 1901 Foord , 1903 Delépine 1940 Delépine , 1941; Holzapfel 1889; Schindewolf 1951; Kusina 1980; Librovitch 1927; Popov 1968; Pareyn 1961). After a rather rapid decrease in the Early and Middle Viséan (about 30–40 species; see Riley 1996), diversity increased almost continuously towards the latest Viséan to early Serpukhovian. ...
Palaeozoic ammonoids are not only valuable index fossils, but are also valuable for discriminating global crises in biodiversity such as the end-Eifelian Kačák Event, the Frasnian Kellwasser Events, the late Famennian Hangenberg Event, and the Permian-Triassic Event. They are also useful for solving various questions in palaeobiology; their suture lines and conch geometry permit morphometric studies using multivariate and shape analyses. Results from such analyses accord with results derived from taxa-based diversity curves (Hangenberg Event), but may contrast with them in other cases (the Kellwasser and Permian-Triassic Events). The disparity curve of conch shapes in Palaeozoic ammonoids is markedly discontinuous. Character unfolding at the begin-ning of their evolutionary history in the Early Devonian was rapid; the subsequent evolutionary development exhibits phases of wide morphologic extent (i.e. high dis-parity: middle to late Famennian, late Viséan to Bashkirian, Artinskian to Wordian) alternating with intervals of less morphologic extent (i.e. low disparity: earliest Famennian, earliest Tournaisian). Palaegeographic distribution of morphospace occu-pation is discussed in the context of the early rediversification and the end-Permian endemism and diversity-decline.
... The species composition of the ammonoid assemblages of the Verkhnyaya Kardailovka Section is typical of the South Urals, but is different from the assemblages of Western Europe (Bisat 1924;1928;1930;1932;Dorlodot and Delépine 1930;Delépine 1943;Moore 1946;Currie 1954;Horn 1960;Kullmann 1961;Yates 1962;Wagner-Gentis 1963;Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya 1971;Riley 1987;Korn 1988;1997;Tisley 2002, Kullmann et al. 2008 and others), North Africa (Delépine and Menchikoff 1937;Delépine, 1941;Korn et al. 1999;2006, and others) and North America (Miller and Furnish 1940;Miller and Youngquist 1948;Miller et al. 1952;Gordon 1965;McCaleb et al. 1964;Manger 1979;Saunders 1973;Saunders et al. 1977;Rambottom and Saunders 1989;Meeks et al. 1997;Meeks and Manger 1999;Saunders and Work 1999;Titus 1999Titus , 2000Titus and Manger 2001, and others), although the generic composition is similar. ...
A uniquely complete carbonate sequence spanning a large portion of the Viséan and the entire Serpukhovian is exposed on the Ural River, opposite the village of Verkhnyaya Kardailovka (South Urals, Bashkortostan, Russia). The Upper Viséan and Serpukhovian beds in this section are composed of deep-water carbonates containing ammonoids, conodonts, ostracodes and foraminifers. The section is well-sampled, measured, its lithology is now described, and a sedimentary environment near the seaward end of a carbonate platform and deep shelf is suggested. Abundant fossils allow the recognition of four successive ammonoid and four successive conodont zones, which allow reliable correlations of the regional Serpukhovian stages outside the South Urals, although the type section of the Serpukhovian in the Moscow Basin is in the shallow-water facies. The base of the Serpukhovian in the Moscow Basin and in the South Urals is defined by the first appearance datum (FAD) of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri. This level coincides with the base of the Kosogorskian in the Urals, correlates with the entry of the foraminifer "Millerella" tortula near the base of the Tarusian in the Moscow Basin and is close to the earliest occurrences of Dombarites paratectus and Cravenoceras at the base of the Uralopronorites-Cravenoceras Genozone and of the latter genus at the base of the British E1 Zone. Because of its accessibility, abundant fossils, and its well studied lithology, the Verkhnyaya Kardailovka Section is an excellent candidate for the GSSP of the Viséan-Serpukhovian boundary.
... These authors referred to Cancelloceras nine species, established by BISAT (1923,1924,1940), SCHMIDT (1925), WRIGHT (1926) and PATTEISKY (1959), all from the Yeadonian of Western Europe and which had been previously assigned to the genus Gastrioceras: Cancelloceras branneroides (BISAT), C. cancellatum (BISAT), C. crencellatum (BISAT), C. crenulatum (BISAT), C. cumbriense (BISAT), C. demaneti (PATTEISKY), c. herbe dense (PATTEISKY), C. lineatum (WRIGHT), and C. rurae (SCHMIDT). Most of these species were used extensively for the biostratigraphy of Upper Namurian sediments in England (BISAT 1924, 1928RAMSBOTTOM & CALVER 1962), Germany (SCHMIDT 1925;PATTEISKY 1959PATTEISKY , 1965, Belgium (DEMANET 1943), Poland (KOREJWO 1969), Marocco (DELEPINE 1941) and Algeria (PAREYN 1961;LEGRAND-BLAIN 1967) as index fossils typifying the G I Zone. ...
The genusCancelloceras (family Gastrioceratidae) comprises three subgeneraCancelloceras, Crencelloceras n. subgen. andMonitoceras differing in conch ornamentation.Cancelloceras is cosmopolitan and regarded as the index genus for the Upper Namurian G1 Zone, the Yeadonian. The lower boundary of the G1 Zone is defined by the entry ofCancelloceras (Crencelloceras) branneroides, whereas the first representatives of the genus appeared earlier, in the Middle Namurian R2 Zone. The upper boundary of the G1 Zone is marked by the extinction ofCancelloceras and the entry of its descendant genusGastrioceras. Cancelloceras comprises 27 species.
Die GattungCancelloceras (Fam. Gastrioceratidae) umfaßt die drei UntergattungenCancelloceras, Crencelloceras n. subgen. undMonitoceras, die sich hauptsächlich durch Skulptur-Merkmale unterscheiden.Cancelloceras ist kosmopolitisch und gilt als Leitgattung des Ober-Namurs (G1, Yeadonium). Die Untergrenze der G1-Stufe ist durch das Auftreten vonCancelloceras (Crencelloceras) branneroides definiert; die ältesten Angehörigen der Gattung setzten schon in der R2-Zone des Mittel-Namurs ein. Die Obergrenze der G1-Zone wird durch das Aussterben vonCancelloceras und das Einsetzen der Folge-GattungGastrioceras markiert.Cancelloceras umfaßt derzeit 27 Arten.
The Jebel Begaa region of the eastern Anti-Atlas in SE Morocco yielded a single, very well-preserved goniatite that is closely related to Helicocyclus divergens Riley, 1996 from the lower Viséan (Chadian) of northern England. Both are placed in a new genus, Tectocyclus n. gen., with the Moroccan T. herbigi n. sp. as the type species. Characteristic are its subtriangular suture elements, which distinguish it strongly from Helicocyclus gracillimus Schindewolf, 1951, which is revised based on the re-examination of its types. The type-species of Helicocyclus is characterized by wide, bell-shaped lateral lobes, unlike as in described helicocyclids from the upper Tournaisian and Viséan of North Africa, Russia, and Central Asia. These are assigned, partly with reservation, to Serpenticyclus n. gen., with the oldest species, Helicocyclus fuscus Korn, Bockwinkel, Ebbighausen, and Klug, 2003, as the type-species. All three genera form the Helicocyclinae n. subfam., which first appeared in North Africa, migrated at the end of the Tournaisian across the Variscan Sea to the southern shelf of Laurussia, to Central Asia, and to the Urals seaway, where it survived into Arundian levels of the Viséan.
Eleven late Bashkirian ammonoid taxa (Anthracoceratites sp., Cymoceras sp., Melvilloceras rotaii (Librovitch in Popov, 1979), Gastrioceras angustum Patteisky, 1964, G. lupinum Popov, 1979, G. kutejnikovense Popov, 1979, ?Agastrioceras sp., Bisatoceras sp., ?Owenoceras sp., Branneroceras sp. A, and Branneroceras sp. B), are described from the Mospyne Formation of the Donets Basin, eastern Ukraine. Representatives of the genera Cymoceras, Agastrioceras, Bisatoceras are first recorded from the Carboniferous of the Donets Basin. Early Westphalian (G2 ammonoid zone, Langsettian) ammonoids Gastrioceras listeri, G. angustum and Branneroceras spp. indicate the attribution of the Mospyne Formation to the Gastrioceras-Branneroceras Genozone.
Carboniferous ammonoids purchased by the Zoology Department of the British Museum in 1841 from W. Gilbertson and presently housed in the Palaeontology Department of the Natural History Museum, London were the core material for the ammonoid descriptions in "Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Volume 2" (Phillips, 1836). Phillips' monograph contained a geological map, sections of outcrops, systematic descriptions and plates of fossils from the Mountain Limestone District in Yorkshire. Phillips' descriptions were much abbreviated, while his original illustrations were pencil and ink drawings. Lack of information on the type species described by Phillips made their identifications in Carboniferous faunas for over 150 years uncertain. Re-examination of ammonoids from the Gilbertson Collection revealed that the type specimens contained in the collection after being re-described and re-figured provide much additional information. There are 182 specimens representing 35 species (3 holotypes, 15 lectotypes, and 58 paralectotypes), the identity of which was confirmed as a result of this study. Examination of Phillips' original drawings and notes in the Library of Oxford University Museum of Natural History and their comparison with the material from the Gilbertson Collection revealed that some illustrations based on specimens from the Gilbertson Collection were omitted from the final publication. These specimens are here re-described and illustrated, and their status as types is confirmed.
The ammonoids from two very prolific horizons in the upper Kahla Sandstone (Tournaisian, Early Carboniferous) of Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria) are described monographically. Nine new ammonoid species are introduced: Imitoceras altilobatum n. sp., Triimitoceras amplisellatum n. sp., Kazakhstania inequalis n. sp., Acrocanites imperfectus n. sp., Xinjiangites scalaris n. sp., and Becanites canalifer n. sp. from the North African Kazakhstania-Acrocanites Assemblage as well as Acrocanites recurvus n. sp., Becanites singularis n. sp., and Becanites inflateralis n. sp. from the Pericyclus-Progoniatites Assemblage. The first of these is one of the most diverse ammonoid faunas known from this time interval.
doi:10.1002/mmng.200900009
The Imo Formation of northeastern Arkansas and the Rhoda Creek Formation of south-central Oklahoma contain rich ammonoid assemblages of approximately equivalent age. The Imo ammonoids include Anthracoceras discus Freeh, 1899; Cravenoceras friscoense (Miller and Owen, 1944); Cravenoceras mapesi n. sp.; Cravenoceras bransoni n. sp.; Rhadinites n. gen. (type species: Cravenoceras miseri Gordon, 1965); Eumorphoceras richardsoni McCaleb, Quinn and Furnish, 1964; Eumorphoceras imoense n. sp.; Peytonoceras ornatum Saunders, 1966; Syngastrioceras imprimis n. sp.; Somoholites cadiconiformis (Wagner-Gentis, 1963); Delepinoceras bressoni Ruzhencev, 1958, and Paradimorphoceras sp. Of these, the Rhoda Creek assemblage contains Cravenoceras friscoense; Cravenoceras bransoni n. sp; Rhadinites miseri; Eumorphoceras imoense n. sp. (?); Somoholites cadiconiformis and Delepinoceras bressoni. Ammonoid faunas which include common or similar elements are known from the British Isles, France, Spain, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Poland, Yugoslavia; from the Soviet Union, in the Donetz Basin, the Southern Urals, Novaya Zemlaya and Central Asia, and from the Algeria-Morocco border area.
The interval represented by the Imo-Rhoda Creek ammonoid fauna should be known as the Eumorphoceras richardsoni-Cravenoceras friscoense Assemblage Zone. This overlies the well-known Eumorphoceras bisulcatum-Cravenoceras richardsonianum Zone, represented in the Sand Branch Member of the Caney Formation in Oklahoma, and in the upper portion of the Pitkin Limestone, north-eastern Arkansas. The E. richardsoni-C. friscoense Zone correlates to the Arnsbergian Stage (upper Eumorphoceras, E2) of the lower Namurian, between the E. bisulcatum s.s. (E2a) and Nuculoceras nuculum (E2 c) Zones of the standard European succession.
The geographic distribution of five successive ammonoid assemblages (Early Bashkirian, Late Bashkirian, Moscovian, Kasimovian and Gzhelian) located on the modern map and palinspastic reconstruction is analysed. Six ammonoid-based paleobiogeographic realms and 11 provinces have been recognised in the Late and Middle Carboniferous.
The evolution of the ammonoid fauna in the Tournaisian and at the Tournaisian-Visean boundary is discussed. The study of the dynamics of the species diversity revealed two peaks (in the Early Tournaisian and at the Tournaisian-Visean boundary). The comparison of these events with eustatic fluctuations showed no obvious correlation between the transgressive-regressive cycles and increase in the taxonomic diversity of ammonoids. The morphogenetic radiations were apparently to a large extent connected to the appearance of diverse sedimentological settings and, hence, diverse ammonoid habitats. Changes in sedimentary settings could have occurred both early in the Early Tournaisian transgression and during the regression at the Tournaisian-Visean boundary.
The distribution of the five successive ammonoid assemblages (Early Bashkirian, Late Bashkirian, Moscovian, Kasimovian, and Gzhelian) is analyzed based on modern geographic and palinspastic maps. A scheme of the biogeographic zonation of marine basins in the Middle and Late Carboniferous is proposed. Six ammonoid-based paleobiogeographic realms and 11 provinces are recognized. The paleolatitude and paleoclimatic characteristics of some realms obtained by plate tectonic reconstructions do not concur well with the ammonoid data.
Fifteen ammonoid assemblages can be distinguished in the Tournaisian and Viséan succession of Morocco and Algeria; these are (in ascending order): Gattendorfia-Eocanites Assemblage, Gattendorfia-Kahlacanites Ass., Goniocyclus-Protocanites Ass., Acrocanites-Kazakhstania Ass., Pericyclus-Progoniatites Ass., Ammonellipsites-Merocanites Ass., lower Bollandites-Bollandoceras Ass., upper Bollandites-Bollandoceras Ass., Entogonites-Maxigoniatites Ass., Goniatites tympanus Ass., Goniatites rodioni Ass., Goniatites gerberi Ass., Dombarites granofalcatus Ass., Platygoniatites rhanemensis Ass., and Ferganoceras torridum Ass. Several of these faunal complexes can be subdivided into species zones, which can be correlated with ammonoid successions in other regions such as Central Europe. The new family Acrocanitidae is erected and placed in the Prionoceratoidea. Additional new taxa are Acrocanites smidensis n. sp., Jdaidites serpentinus n. gen. n. sp., Beyrichoceras merzougense n. sp., and Goniatites tympanus n. sp.
About more than forty papers on cephalopods have been published in the ninety one issues of the “Annales” during one century. Most are monographs contributing to enlarge our knowledge on the biodiversity of these Molluscs which play an important part in the fossil record. Jurassic and Cretaceous ammonites are well illustrated; Palaeozoic and Triassic ones, Orthoceratoidea, Nautiloidea and Dibranchiata are seldom studied. As successive issues are published, hypothesis concerning palaeontological and geological applications are proposed by authors: systematics, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography. However, these ones cannot be argued every time because of incomplete knowledge or adapted concepts. Several years or decades later, these hypothesis, reconsidered in a different context and other scientific publications, are the starting point of new ideas, at once developed and then accepted. From this point of view and by their contents, the “Annales” have answered to there vocation of publishing data, carried on year by year and enriched with the discoveries of each new palaeontologists generation.
The thermal and burial history of the eastern Anti-Atlas during Late Palaeozoic time is investigated using conodont colour alteration data and the electron spin resonance technique (ESR). Both the conodom colour alteration index (CAI) patterns and the results of ESR investigations indicate that the Devonian rocks of the eastern Anti-Atlas attained their present-day maturation level during Carboniferous time prior to Variscan uplift. The observed CAI values from 3 m 5 reflect heating to temperatures of 120 °C and 310 °C, respectively. The conodont CAI pattern observed in rite Devonian rocks is a product of burial and loading by thick Carboniferous cover but the maturation level is too high to be accounted for by burial beneath the known stratigraphical overburden under normal heat flow conditions. The analysis of palaeotemperatures inferred from conodont CAI values shows variation in heat flow during Carboniferous time, with an average geothermal gradient of 30 */km in the Bechar Basin and higher gradiems in the region of the Mader and Tafilalt. The style of the observed CAI patterns suggests that depositional trends in the Carboniferous cover, now largely removed by erosion, followed the Devonien subsidence pattern.
Ammonoids from the Chadian Waulsortian mud-mounds of the Peak District (Derbyshire and Staffordshire) have been examined utilizing new collections and additional museum material. The genera Fascipericyclus, Ammonellipsites, Helicocyclus, Dzhaprakoceras, Eonomismoceras, Polaricyclus and Merocanites are present. One new species, Eonomismoceras wettonense sp. nov., is described. The independent status of Fascipericyclus fasciculatus and F furcatus is confirmed.
The ammonoid faunas from the Goniatites Zone (Late Visean; Mississippian) of the Camp Canyon Member (Chainman Formation) are described for the first time. The assemblage shows close relationships to time equivalent occurrences in Alaska and the American Midcontinent, but differs markedly from occurrences in Europe, North Africa, and the South Urals. Seven successive ammonoid biozones are proposed for this interval in North America, in ascending order: (1) Calygirtyoceras confusionense Ammonoid Biozone, (2) Calygirtyoceras arcticum Ammonoid Biozone, (3) Girtyoceras primum Ammonoid Biozone, (4) Girtyoceras gordoni Ammonoid Biozone, (5) Goniatites deceptus Ammonoid Biozone, (6) Goniatites eganensis Ammonoid Biozone, and (7) Goniatites multiliratus Ammonoid Biozone. The following ammonoid species are revised or newly described: Bollandoceras occidentale sp. nov., Entogonites burbankensis sp. nov., Entogonites borealis (Gordon, 1957), Entogonites acus sp. nov., Calygirtyoceras confusionense sp. nov., Calygirtyoceras arcticum Gordon, 1957, Girtyoceras primum sp. nov., Girtyoceras gordoni sp. nov., Girtyoceras hamiltonense sp. nov., Dimorphoceras worki sp. nov., Dimorphoceras rileyi sp. nov., Metadimorphoceras mangeri sp. nov., Metadimorphoceras richardsi sp. nov., Kazakhoceras bylundi sp. nov., Goniatites americanus Gordon, 1971, Goniatites deceptus sp. nov., Goniatites eganensis sp. nov., Goniatites sowerbyi sp. nov., and Praedaraelites loeblichi (Miller & Furnish, 1940).
An early Late Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous/Mississippian) ammonoid fauna is described from the Tafilalt of south-eastern Morocco. Twelve genera, four of which are new, and eleven new species are represented: Becanites africanus sp. nov., Triimitoceras epiwocklumeriforme gen. et sp. nov., Irinoceras minutum sp. nov., Muensteroceras quadriconstrictum sp. nov., Eurites bouhamedensis sp. nov., Ouaoufilalites ouaoufilalensis gen. et sp. nov., Helicocyclus fuscus sp. nov., Pericyclus mercatorius sp. nov., Orthocyclus(?) sp., Bouhamedites enigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., Winchelloceras antiatlanteum sp. nov., and Progoniatites maghribensis gen. et sp. nov. Palaeogeographic analysis of Late Tournaisian ammonoid assemblages shows strong endemism at the species-level, but genera and families had a nearly global distribution in the equatorial seas. The new fauna contains the stratigraphically oldest known representatives of the important Carboniferous goniatite families Girtyoceratidae and Goniatitidae.
Evolutionary lineages within the Carboniferous ammonoid superfamily Goniatitaceae can be recognized using cladistic and stratophenetic analyses, showing that both approaches lead to coinciding results. In the late Visean and Namurian A, ammonoid provinces can be defined by the distribution of lineages within the goniatite superfamily Goniatitaceae. The first province corresponds to the Subvariscan Realm (where the superfamily became extinct near the Visean-Namurian boundary), and the second embraces the majority of the occurrences, e.g. the South Urals, Central Asia, and North America (where the superfamily with different independent lieages continued up into the late Namurian A). In the Visean, the superfamily was, in two short epochs, globally distributed with major transgressions, which probably led to migration events. The first is at the end of the late Visean A (G. fimbriatus and G. spirifer Zones, when the genus Goniatites had a world-wide distribution with various species), and the second at the beginning of the late Visean C (L. poststriatum Zone, when Lusitanoceras is globally distributed).
Six ammonoid species belonging to the Fayettevillea-Delepinoceras Genus Zone are recorded from the Aspandou and Zidadara formations of the Khyrsdara Section (late Viséan and Serpukhovian in the Southwest Darvaz, Tajikistan). A new genus, Zidadarites n. g. is established for a group of rhymmoceratids closely related to the genus Fayettevillea. Zidadarites leveni n. g. n. sp. occurs in association with Fayettevillea sp., Eumorphoceras kullmanni n. sp. and Cravenoceratoides sp. This association suggests a correlation of the Upper Serpukhovian in the Khyrsdara Section with the Namurian E2b-E2c zones in Western Europe.
The occurrence of ammonoids in the Lower Carboniferous rocks of eastern Australia is reviewed within a biostratigraphic framework provided by the brachiopod zones that have been summarized most recently by Jones & Roberts (1976). Ammonoid abundance is low at all stratigraphic levels. Nowhere are more than 20 specimens known at a locality, and usually there are only one or two. The group is too sparse to be used for local or regional correlation, and its main value is for the intercontinental correlation of a number of well separated horizons. The rocks dated range in age from middle Tournaisian (Tn2a) to late Visean V3c). Some relatively minor differences between ammonoid and conodont ages remain to be resolved. The biogeography is briefly discussed.The type specimens of all available previously described species have been examined and where necessary they are re-illustrated. New species described are Irinoceras tuba, Muensteroceras jenkinsi, M. delepinei, M. merlewoodense, Beyrichoceras mackellari, B. bootibootiense, Nomismoceras pseudocyclus, Goniatites mundubberensis, G. cuniculus, Protocanites careyi, and Cantabricanites jelli. Several species that are probably new are described under open nomenclature.
The ammonoids from the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) Dalle à Merocanites of Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria) are described. The following new ammonoid taxa are introduced: subfamily Hammatocyclinae n. subfam., Hammatocyclus pollex n. sp., Hammatocyclus corrugatus n. sp., Neopericyclus arenosus n. sp., Ammonellipsites pareyni n. sp., Ammonellipsites menchikoffi n. sp., Ammonellipsites conradae n. sp., Muensteroceras fabrei n. sp., Eurites commutatus n. sp., Eurites pondus n. sp., subfamily Trimorphoceratinae n. subfam., Trimorphoceras n. gen., Trimorphoceras crassilens n. sp., Trimorphoceras absolutum n. sp., Trimorphoceras molestum n. sp., Obturgites n. gen., Obturgites polysarcus n. sp., Obturgites oligosarcus n. sp., Dzhaprakoceras dzhazairense n. sp., and Merocanites merocanites n. sp. These species occur in one very prolific horizon and can be attributed to the North African Ammonellipsites -Merocanites Assemblage (Fascipericyclus -Ammonellipsites Genus Zone; Late Tournaisian to Early Viséan). They represent one of the most diverse ammonoid faunas known from this time interval. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The ammonoids from two very prolific horizons in the upper Kahla Sandstone (Tournaisian, Early Carboniferous) of Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria) are described monographically. Nine new ammonoid species are introduced: Imitoceras altilobatum n. sp., Triimitoceras amplisellatum n. sp., Kazakhstania inequalis n. sp., Acrocanites imperfectus n. sp., Xinjiangites scalaris n. sp., and Becanites canalifer n. sp. from the North African Kazakhstania-Acrocanites Assemblage as well as Acrocanites recurvus n. sp., Becanites singularis n. sp., and Becanites inflateralis n. sp. from the Pericyclus-Progoniatites Assemblage. The first of these is one of the most diverse ammonoid faunas known from this time interval.
doi:10.1002/mmng.200900009
Lower Carboniferous deposits from Eastern Morocco are located in small depressions within a more or less mountainous Jurassic area. Sections from Tafechna, Flouch and Oued Korima (Debdou and Mekam basins, Eastern Morocco) are accurately described. Owing to detailed field examination, misinterpreted lithological aspects are corrected, i.e. volcano-sedimentary deposits are very important and carbonate deposits almost absent.
Debdou yields alternations of blackish shales and sandstones with intercalations of tuffites overlain by volcanoclastic or calcareous sandstones, whose turbiditic origin is indicated by graded-bedding and scour casts, and also by reworked oolites and Foraminifera. Mekam shows slumped limestones and conglomerates with basement pebbles, cemented by carbonates, and with some reworked Foraminifera, overlain by alternations of greenish shales, tuffaceous siltstones and ashes.
The stratigraphical background of these sections is also explicited or modified. Existence of Tournaisian beds is excluded. Assemblages of Foraminifera are always uppermost Visean or lowermost Serpukhovian in age. New palynological data agree with this fact; so do former Goniatites datings.
These series are paralleled with the well-known series of the area: Jerada, Tazekka, “Northern Olistostrome” (including Jorf Ouazzene, Zekkara and Tannecherfi outcrops). These comparisons concern at the same time the biostratigraphy, the environments, the volcanism, etc. The Uppermost Visean We stratigraphy of Jerada is established as well as the Serpukhovian E1-E2 stratigraphy from Tazekka and Northern Olistostrome, where V3c remains are reworked.
Importance of Brigantian (V3c) substage is emphasized at the regional scale, it is the maximal transgression time upon the Devonian epimetamorphic substrate; transgression probably begun in the Upper Asbian (V3bγ).
Knowledge of Serpukhovian (= Namurian A) within the various basins needs new investigations. This stage is still characterized locally by a volcanic activity and important tectono-sedimentary movements. Other periods of Namurian-Westphalian are only known at present within the Jerada basin.
Accurate datings, especially during the We, prove the diversity of paleoenvironments and their close juxtaposition: volcanoes, marshes, hills, carbonate platforms, paleocanyons, etc. This landscape seems to be divided into compartments by N30 and N70 faults producing horst and graben structures, which could also be strike-slip faults.
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