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Genus Solenopsora (lichenized Ascomycetes) in Slovakia
Abstract
Genus Solenopsora A. MASSAL. in Slovakia is discussed. The species S. candicans, not included in the checklists or overviews of Carpathian lichen-flora, is reported from Slovakia for the first time. Data on distribution of S. carpatica, having been known in Slovakia only from its locus classicus, were supplemented.
... The margins of the ranges of species are usually undersampled compared to the range centre (Sagarin & Gaines 2002). This is also the case for the species investigated and despite extensive biodiversity research, these relatively conspicuous lichens were almost unknown from their range margin (RL c ) (Vězda 1970, Guttová 2000. We overcame this methodological bias by systematic sampling their occurrence data since 1999 and thus filled this gap in their geographical pattern. ...
We studied the ecological requirements of two closely related species of lichens, Solenopsora cesatii and S. candicans, which grow predominantly on basic rocks in natural habitats.We determined the ecological niches they occupy at the centre of their distribution (Mediterranean Basin) where they occur sympatrically and in areas with a continental climate (Western Carpathians and Pannonia) at the limits of their ranges, where they are geographically segregated, in order to assess the level of differentiation across their distributions. Tests of niche equivalency and similarity revealed that the species colonize similar habitats both in the centre and the margin of their ranges, which indicate niche conservatism across their distribution. Geographical segregation between populations of S. cesatii and S. candicans at the range margin does not reflect niche differentiation, but a lower availability of suitable habitats. For the Western Carpathians, we developed predictive habitat suitability maps using a Climate Space Model based on presence-absence data, which indicated the potential distribution of suitable sites. The reconstruction of habitat suitability under past climatic scenarios indicates presence of suitable sites in Last Inter-Glacial and Mid-Holocene and absence in Last Glacial Maximum. Predictions for the years 2050 and 2070 show horizontal habitat tracking and far fewer suitable sites. This case study is an example of how the conditions at the limits of their range can contribute to the finetuning of the ecological requirements of species.
... The margins of the ranges of species are usually undersampled compared to the range centre (Sagarin & Gaines 2002). This is also the case for the species investigated and despite extensive biodiversity research, these relatively conspicuous lichens were almost unknown from their range margin (RL c ) (Vězda 1970, Guttová 2000. We overcame this methodological bias by systematic sampling their occurrence data since 1999 and thus filled this gap in their geographical pattern. ...
... Do roku 1992 bola jediná lokalita jeho výskytu známa z Belianskych Tatier (Pišút 1992). V roku 1996 sme ho našli v Slovenskom raji (Pišút & Guttová 1997), a neskôr v Malých Karpatoch (Guttová 2000), na Muránskej planine (Guttová & Palice 1999) a v Cerovej vrchovine (Fačkovcová et al. 2014). Areál tohto druhu sa rozprestiera od Stredozemného mora po ostrovy Öland a Gotland vo Švédsku až po južné Fínsko (Wirth et al. 2013). ...
We present the outputs of a pilot lichenological survey of the Nature Reserve Klapy (NW Slovakia; 6.22 ha), an elevation point topped with limestone cliffs and outcrops, being a part of a klippen-belt which lines the Inner Western Carpathians. The list comprises 122 taxa recorded in forest biotopes and xerotherms, on tree bark, rocky substrates and on soil. The most interesting entries are: Agonimia vouauxii, so far not reported from Slovakia, and species with few records until now, e. g. Piccolia ochrophora, Xanthoria sorediata, Dirina stenhammari and Leptogium turgidum. Distinct macrolichen components of limestone rock faces include Anaptychia ciliaris, Physconia muscigena, Phaeophyscia sciastra, Physcia dimidiata, P. tribacia, Psora testacea, Ramalina pollinaria. Species of rock fissures include e.g. Leptogium schraderi, Toninia aromatica and T. taurica.
... Saxikolný druh rastúci hlavne na mierne zatienených až zatienených previsoch a vertikálnych stenách vápencových skál, vzácne sa môže vyskytovať aj na silne bázických silikátoch, najmä v blízkosti pobrežia, kde sa substrát stáva zásaditejší vplyvom soli (Tehler 1983 (Tehler et al. 2013). Na Slovensku je známy výskyt druhu v Belianskych Tatrách (Pišút 1992, Purvis et al. 1993, Malých Karpatoch (Guttová 2000a), na Muránskej planine (Guttová & Palice 1999) a v Slovenskom raji (Pišút & Guttová 1997). ...
The list of 211 lichen taxa recorded from the Cerová vrchovina Mts is presented. This mountain range is specific because of the occurrence of volcanic outcrops, which form volcanic cones, diatreme and lava sheets and streams. The lichen flora was investigated on five localities – Natural Monuments Belinské skaly and Soví hrad, Nature Reserves Hajnáčsky hradný vrch and Steblová skala, and Ragáč National Nature Reserve. In this paper, we present the list of recorded species. We also included brief notes on nine noteworthy species – Acarospora irregularis, Caloplaca molariformis, C. raesaenenii, C. tominii, C. xerica, Catillaria fungoides, Diploicia canescens, Dirina stenhammari, Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, as well as Aspicilia intermutans, Caloplaca flavocitrina and Leptogium magnussonii, which are reported for the first time from Slovakia.
... Solenopsora candicans (for detail description see e.g. Gilbert et al. 2009) shows a sub-Mediterranean-sub-Atlantic distribution in Europe with two extensions into the continent: 1) to Germany through France, Belgium and Luxembourg, where it occupies suboceanic habitats (Diederich and Sérusiaux 2000, Schindler 1937 ); 2) to the Carpathian Basin up to the Western Carpathians in Slovakia (via Croatia and Hungary), where it grows on calcareous conglomerate and dolomite rocks (Guttová 2000, Guttová et al. 2006). In Hungary the first Solenopsora candicans specimen was found in Mt Nagy-Szénás (in Buda Mts near Budapest) by Vilmos Gyelnik in 1934. ...
Solenopsora candicans was an overlooked lichen species in Hungary. The two old localities were revisited (one of them could be confirmed) and five new occurrences were discovered. Its current distribution in Hungary is presented and discussed.
... Po klasickej lokalite vo Veľkej Fatre a prielome Hornádu v Slovenskom raji je Muránska planina tretím geomorfologickým celkom na Slovensku, v ktorom sa tento saxikolný druh vyskytuje(GUTTOVÁ 2000). Okrem Karpát ho zazna− menali už len v sudetskej časti Českej republiky (hadce u Raškova v Jeseníkoch; VĚZDA & LIŠKA 1999) a v talianskej časti Álp(NIMIS 1993). ...
Contemporary knowledge of the lichen−flora of Mt Cigánka (the Muránska Planina National
Park) based on recent field research and compilation of existing data is summarized. So far 338 species
have been recorded here. 14 of them were not recorded from Slovakia so far: Agonimia globulifera,
Caloplaca adriatica, Candelariella efflorescens, Collema ligerinum, Lecania turicensis, Lecanora
thysanophora, Pterygiopsis umbilicata, Scoliciosporum gallurae, Staurothele orbicularis, Verrucaria
endocarpoides, V. fuscoatroides, V. helveticorum, V. sorbinea and V. tuerkii. They are discussed in detail
together with other taxa which were believed to be extinct and species of national, phytogeographic or
ecological importance/pecularity (viz Arthonia calcicola, Caloplaca proteus, Cyphelium notarisii, Lepto−
gium hildenbrandii, Solenopsora carpatica, Usnea glabrata, Verrucaria macrostoma). Unique cha−
racter of the local lichen−flora is supported by the fact that Mt Cigánka shelters 96 red listed species:
Cyphelium notarisii and Usnea glabrata (so far reported as EX), 31 critically endangered species (CR),
12 endangered (EN), 20 vulnerable (VU), 28 lichens of LR:nt rank and 4 species of DD category. It is
very likely that Cigánka Mt. is the richest small−scale area in lichens in Slovakia. A report on occurrence
of 5 species of lichenicolous and lichen−allied fungi is also presented, Cercidospora caudata and
Melaspilea gibberulosa seem to be reported for the first time from the country.
The article brings information on a lichen species Leptogium ferax newly recorded for the territory of Hungary. So far known distribution of the species in Europe is discussed, so as the phytogeographical significance of the locality in Mt Nagy-Szénás in the Buda Mts.
The lichen genus Solenopsora occurs predominantly in temperate and subtropical regions of the world, and the centre of diversity and distribution is in the Mediterranean, Macaronesian, and Madrean floristic regions. Taxonomic treatment of several taxa has varied over time and the concepts lack clarity. Focusing on multilocus sequence data, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, and ecological preferences, the present study investigates European Solenopsora taxa to obtain the first insights into their genetic variation and relationships. Our results show discrepancy between the number of currently recognized taxa in Europe and the number of genetic entities identified. We recognize eight species in the genus in Europe: Solenopsora candicans, Solenopsora cesatii (including Solenopsora carpatica), Solenopsora grisea, Solenopsora holophaea, Solenopsora liparina, Solenopsora marina, Solenopsora olivacea, and Solenopsora vulturiensis. We gathered evidence to recognize S. liparina, an edaphic vicariant of S. candicans confined to ultramafic rocks, as a separate species. We disclosed a previously unknown sister relationship between S. grisea and S. vulturiensis. Taxonomic synopses, geographical distribution, and an identification key for the treated taxa are provided. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two major lineages among the European Solenopsora spp., differentiated by thallus organization, the presence/absence of rhizines on lower side of the thallus, secondary chemistry, and anatomy of upper cortex. The generic circumscription and phylogenetic position, however, appear problematic and additional studies with increased sampling including related genera are needed. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, ●●, ●●–●●.
A list with data on localities, ecology and taxonomical notes of 32 species new for Crimea is proposed below. Among them, Aspicilia coronate (A. Massal.) B. de Lesd., Bacidia fraxinea Korber, Candelariella oleaginescens Rondon, Catapyrenium psoromoides (Borrer in Hook.) R. sant. in D. Hawksw., P. James & Coppins, Leptogium diffractum Kremp ex Korber, L. burnetiae Dodge, Lithothelium phaeosporum Aptroot, Collema fragile Taylor, Hymenelia prevostii (Duby) Krempelh., Melaspilea urceolata (Fr.) Almb., Protoparmelia ochrococca (Nyl.) P.M. Jorg., Rambold & Hertel, Mycomycrothelia confuse D. Hawksw., Solenopsora olivacea (Fr.) Kilias, Sphinctrina tubaeformis A. Massal., Verrucaria pinquicola A. Massal. are for the first time reported for Ukraine.
The examination of the surface deposit of various lichens with X-ray diffraction methods, correlated with scanning electron microscopical (SEM) studies, have shown that calcium oxalate is present as two different hydrates; weddellite (CaC2O4-(2 + x)H2O), in three slightly different morphologies, and whewellite (CaC2O4H2O). The reason for the formation of calcium oxalate is not known and the presence of the various crystal forms is yet to be explained. However, the various hydrates may have some role in the water balance as they are different in dry and humid sites.
Sipman, N. & Raus, Th.: A lichonological comparison of the Paros and Santorini island groups (Aegean, Greece), with annotated checklist. – Willdenowia 29: 239-297. 1999. – ISSN 0511-9618. A lichen inventory on the Aegean islands of Paros and Antiparos, both with a long history of land vegetation and a wide variation in bedrock, revealed the presence of 268 species. This flora is compared with the 182 species known from the nearby Santorini island group, comparable in size and surface morphology, but a volcanic archipelago with few limestone inclusions, which was completely devastated by an eruption about 3000 years ago. The higher species number of Paros is explainable by the difference in size and substrate availability. Lichen species inhabiting siliceous-crystalline rock and epiphytic lichen species are more strongly represented on Paros, while species of volcanic rock are more numerous on Santorini, in accordance with the frequency of these substrates. There is no evidence for an influence of the uninterrupted history of the plant cover of Paros on the α-diversity of its lichen flora. Differences in species composition other than those depending on substrate availability appear to be of a random type. Vegetative reproduction seems slightly less frequent on Paros, and pioneer species of lava, which, on Santorini, are restricted to young lava fields, are absent from Paros. An annotated list of lichen species for Paros and an updated checklist for Santorini are presented. Among the encountered species, 28 appear to be unrecorded for Greece. All species reported from Paros are new for this island, from where no species were reported before. Pertusaria parotica is described as a species new to science and the new combination Protoparmelia psarophana var. reagens is made.
Four molecular data sets are available for the diploid intersterile genera of the cereal grain tribe Triticeae, and there are numerous differences among the four published trees. All six pairwise combinations of data sets were examined using tree comparisons, the incongruence length difference test, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and a permutation test. We describe some advantages, disadvantages, and properties of the different comparison methods. Test results provide no evidence for significant differences in the phylogenetic signal among the three nuclear data sets, with the exception of the placement of a single taxon. The chloroplast DNA restriction site data, however, support a significantly different tree, and the differences probably reflect a separate evolutionary history of the chloroplast genome.
An information on new localities of several rare or overlooked lichenized fungi in Slovakia is given. Three species (Bacidina chloroticula, Bacidina delicata, Gonohymenia schleichen) are refered as new records for Slovakia here; ParmeJia flaventior, missing since 1933, was found in Pieniny Mts. Some critically endangered lichenized ascomycetes (e.g. Normandina pulchella, Thelotrema lepadinum, Parmelia pastillifera, Arthonia leucopellaea) or overlooked species (e.g. Dirina stenhammari, Biatora vernalis, Caloplaca biatorina, Caloplaca cerinelloides, Verrucaria bryoctona) are mentioned.
Discovery of the unpublished report of the Berkhamsted School lichenological expedition to Turkey in 1971 and a reappraisal of the complementary (almost complete) collections in The Natural History Museum, London (BM), have added considerably to our knowledge of the Turkish lichen flora. In all, 171 taxa are listed, of which 21 species are new to Turkey and 220 records are new to one ore more of the 11 provinces; many additional records pre-date those made as a result of the upsurge of interest in the Turkish lichen flora over the past decade.
The species Solenopsora elixiana Verdon & Rambold, a small-foliose lichen from south-east Queensland and La Réunion, is described as new to science. It shares several similarities with S. holophaea (Mont.) Samp., the probably closest species of the genus. The differences between the two species include color and pruina of thallus, the shape of lobes, structure of thallus cortex and of rhizines, as well as secondary compounds.
The present work analyses the morphology, anatomy, water relations and chlorophyll content of thalli of the lichenRamalina capitatavar.protectafrom two different populations exposed to contrasting microclimatic conditions due to differences in the orientation of the rock surface. The population on the north-facing rock surface (NFS) was exposed to lower photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), remained at high relative humidities for longer periods of time and was exposed to lower temperatures than the population on the south-facing surface (SFS). We proposed the hypothesis that the shadier the habitat the greater the ecological advantage for enhanced light harvesting. Thalli from the SFS had shorter and wider lacinia, thicker thalli, mostly due to increased medulla thickness, a higher water-retention capacity, a higher percentage of thallus volume occupied by the algal cells and a higher chlorophyll content than thalli from NFS. The phenotypic plastic response of the traits studied inR. capitatavar.protectawas not directly related to differences in the light availability, at least for the range of PPFD experienced by the two populations studied, since the population exposed to higher PPFD exhibited larger amounts of light harvesting pigments. Both populations exhibited the same intrathalline distribution of algal cells and chlorophylls, which were more abundant in the apical than in the basal zones of all thalli studied. Periods of water-induced metabolic activity were shorter in the SFS than in the NFS, and structural and chlorophyll data indicated that thalli from the SFS were better prepared for the photosynthetic exploitation of these briefer periods and for maintaining thallus hydration into dry periods. These results suggest that differences in selective pressure between the two populations ofR. capitatavar.protectastudied involved maximization of the photosynthetic exploitation of the periods of metabolic activity when they are brief, as has been described for certain vascular plants from xeric environments.
On the thalline lobes of Pyxine subcinerea there are delimited patches of pruina consisting of bipyramidal prisms, bipyramids and druses of weddellite, i.e. calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), as revealed by X-ray analysis and SEM observations. The disappearance of the crystals from older thalline areas is preceded by an increase in the frequency of corrosion figures, in the form of etch square pits, and a decrease in the number of crystals occurring on the thalline surface. These features follow a dissolution gradient from the lobe apex towards the proximal edges of the patches. The corrosion figures are linked to the thermodynamic metastability of COD. Partial dissolution of the crystals, performed in water and in EDTA, has confirmed this latter assumption. It is thought that the disappearance of pruina, which interferes with the transmission of light to the algal layer, may allow the formation of soredia in mature thalline portions.
CO2 exchanges, morphology and chlorophyll content of epiphytic and epilithic populations of Parmelia pastillifera growing in the same locality (Bristol, UK) were investigated. Epilithic samples had reduced net photosynthetic rates and
a lower chlorophyll content, apparently caused by the high levels of irradiance of the exposed habitat, not completely buffered
by the increased thickness of the upper cortex. These samples also had much more developed rhizinae; this modification is
interpreted as a mechanism to increase the water storage capacity of the thallus. Physiological differences between the two
populations seem to be due to the more extreme environmental conditions of the epilithic population.Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press
A standardized method for the identification of compounds by thin layer chromatography uses three solvent systems and RF classes coded on punched cards. This method, applied to the study of secondary products of lichen-forming fungi, has been imporoved and expanded to include easily prepared hydrolysis and O-methylation products. The data reported allow the confirmation of many substances previously difficult to identify and the proposal of structures for certain types of new compounds extrated from fragments of herbarium specimens. New data are given for 220 compounds and derivatives chromatographed in three standard solvent systems.
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