Content uploaded by Michał Ginter
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Michał Ginter on Jan 05, 2016
Content may be subject to copyright.
Early carboniferous xenacanthids (chondrichthyes) from eastern Europe
Abstract
New chondrichthyan material from the Lower Carboniferous of Poland, the Urals and the Moscow Syneclise has been described. The studied shark teeth represent two species of the genus Bransonella (Xenacanthida, chondrichthyes) : B. nebraskensis (JOHNSON) and B. lingulata sp. n. The teeth bear a well defined, chevron-shaped ornament, which distinguishes them from all hitherto described early Carboniferous xenacanthids. The possible relationships of Bransonella with the phoebodontids are suggested.
... Krainer et al. (2015), where the complete Pennsylvanian section is illustrated. Ivanov & Ginter, 1996; A -NMMNH P-72263, occlusal view; B, C -NMMNH P-72264, occlusal (B) and labial (C) views; D -NMMNH P-72265, occlusal view; E -NMMNH P-72266, occlusal view; F -NMMNH P-72267, labial view; G -NMMNH P-72268, basal view; H -NMMNH P-72269, basal view; I-M -NMMNH P-72270, oblique occlusal (I), labial (J) and basal (K) views, view with transparent dental tissue (L) and virtual section of tooth base (M). • N-P -Bransonella nebraskensis (Johnson, 1984), NMMNH P-72271, labial (N), lingual (O) and occlusal (P) views. ...
... The species of the xenacanthimorph Bransonella are recorded in the lower Carboniferous-middle Permian. B. lingulata Ivanov & Ginter, 1996 has been found in the lower Viséan of the Kuznetsk Basin, Russia; the lower Serpukhovian of the Moscow Region, Russia (Hampe & Ivanov 2007); the lower Bashkirian of the South Urals, Russia (Ivanov & Hampe 2015); and the Middle to Upper Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma, USA ). Possible finds were described from the Bashkirian (Lower Pennsylvanian) of Arizona, USA (Johnson & Thayer 2009). ...
... Teeth of Bransonella lingulata Ivanov & Ginter, 1996 and the tooth of Sphenacanthus sp. occur in the Flechado Formation (Desmoinesian) of Talpa (NMMNH locality 1382), Taos Canyon, northern New Mexico. ...
We describe a very diverse and rich assemblage of fossil fishes from the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) interval of the Horquilla Formation in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. The assemblage includes bransonelliforms, symmoriiforms, a ctenacanthiform, a jalodontid, euselachians, neoselachians, an orodontiform, a helodontiform, an eugeneodontiform, a petalodontiform, a psephodontid, an acanthodian and actinopterygians. For the first time, the vascularization system of the teeth of Adamantina, Bransonella, Helodus and Agassizodus has been studied using a micro-CT. Besides the diverse fish assemblage from the Robledo Mountains, some other new records
of Paleozoic chondrichthyans in New Mexico are documented. • Key words: fishes, Late Devonian–early Permian, New Mexico.
... Although the Surprise Canyon specimens are fragmentary, features of the orolingual button identify which species of Bransonella they belong to. In B. lingulata the lingual margin of the orolingual button is merged with the lingual rim of the tooth base (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). In B. nebraskensis the orolingual button is forward of the lingual rim and has a basal canal between the orolingual button and the lingual rim (Johnson, 1984;Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). ...
... In B. lingulata the lingual margin of the orolingual button is merged with the lingual rim of the tooth base (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). In B. nebraskensis the orolingual button is forward of the lingual rim and has a basal canal between the orolingual button and the lingual rim (Johnson, 1984;Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). The orolingual button in the Surprise Canyon specimens does not merge with the lingual rim and has a basal canal between the orolingual button and the lingual rim, indicating that they are B. nebraskensis. ...
... The oldest xenacanthids are Diplodoselache woodi Dick, 1981 from the Visean of the Oil Shale groups of Scotland, which comes from a lagoonal deposit that had both marine and brackish influences (Dick, 1981), and Reginaselache morrisi Turner and Burrow, 2011 from the mid-Visean Ducabrook Formation of central Queensland, which comes from estuarine deposits (Turner and Burrow, 2011). Bransonella itself is primarily known from marine environments (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996;Elliott and Hodnett, 2013), but was also recovered from the estuarine Lower Pennsylvanian Black Prince Limestone in the Swisshelm Mountains in Southern Arizona, together with the xenacanths Triodus and Orthacanthus and lepospondyl amphibians (Thayer, 1985;Johnson and Thayer, 2009). The Watahomigi Formation has no indication of brackish or fresh water influences and so we consider Hokomata parva n. gen. ...
Two chondrichthyan assemblages of Late Mississippian/Early Pennsylvanian age are now recognized from the western Grand Canyon of northern Arizona. The latest Serpukhovian Surprise Canyon Formation has yielded thirty-one taxa from teeth and dermal elements, which include members of the Phoebodontiformes, Symmoriiformes, Bransonelliformes, Ctenacanthiformes, Protacrodontoidea, Hybodontiformes, Neoselachii (Anachronistidae), Paraselachii (Gregoriidae, Deeberiidae, Orodontiformes, and Eugeneodontiformes), Petalodontiformes, and Holocephali. The euselachian grade taxa are remarkably diverse with four new taxa recognized here; the Protacrodontidae: Microklomax carrieae new genus new species and Novaculodus billingsleyi new genus new species, and the Anchronistidae: Cooleyella platera new species and Amaradontus santucii new genus new species The Surprise Canyon assemblage also has the youngest occurrence of the elasmobranch Clairina , previously only known from the Upper Devonian. The Surprise Canyon Formation represents a nearshore fluvial infilling of karstic channels, followed by a shallow marine bioherm reef, and finally deeper open water deposition. The early Bashkirian Watahomigi Formation represents open marine deposition and contains only two taxa: a new xenacanthiform, Hokomata parva new genus new species, and the holocephalan Deltodus . The relationship between the Surprise Canyon and Watahomigi chondrichthyan assemblages and other significant coeval chondrichthyan assemblages suggests that there may have been eastern and western distinctions among the Euamerican assemblages during the Serpukhovian due to geographic separation by the formation of Pangea.
UUID: http://zoobank.org/54a906b6-4873-4f84-92b5-ca0752de01aa
... Although the Surprise Canyon specimens are fragmentary, features of the orolingual button identify which species of Bransonella they belong to. In B. lingulata the lingual margin of the orolingual button is merged with the lingual rim of the tooth base (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). In B. nebraskensis the orolingual button is forward of the lingual rim and has a basal canal between the orolingual button and the lingual rim (Johnson, 1984;Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). ...
... In B. lingulata the lingual margin of the orolingual button is merged with the lingual rim of the tooth base (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). In B. nebraskensis the orolingual button is forward of the lingual rim and has a basal canal between the orolingual button and the lingual rim (Johnson, 1984;Ivanov and Ginter, 1996). The orolingual button in the Surprise Canyon specimens does not merge with the lingual rim and has a basal canal between the orolingual button and the lingual rim, indicating that they are B. nebraskensis. ...
... The oldest xenacanthids are Diplodoselache woodi Dick, 1981 from the Visean of the Oil Shale groups of Scotland, which comes from a lagoonal deposit that had both marine and brackish influences (Dick, 1981), and Reginaselache morrisi Turner and Burrow, 2011 from the mid-Visean Ducabrook Formation of central Queensland, which comes from estuarine deposits (Turner and Burrow, 2011). Bransonella itself is primarily known from marine environments (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996;Elliott and Hodnett, 2013), but was also recovered from the estuarine Lower Pennsylvanian Black Prince Limestone in the Swisshelm Mountains in Southern Arizona, together with the xenacanths Triodus and Orthacanthus and lepospondyl amphibians (Thayer, 1985;Johnson and Thayer, 2009). The Watahomigi Formation has no indication of brackish or fresh water influences and so we consider Hokomata parva n. gen. ...
Two chondrichthyan assemblages of Late Mississippian/Early Pennsylvanian age are now recognized from the western Grand Canyon of northern Arizona. The latest Serpukhovian Surprise Canyon Formation has yielded thirty-one taxa from teeth and dermal elements which include members of the Phoebodontiformes, Symmoriiformes, Bransonelliformes, Ctenacanthiformes, Protacrodontoidea, Hybodontiformes, Neoselachii (Anachronistidae), Paraselachii (Gregoriidae, Deeberiidae, Orodontiformes, and Eugeneodontiformes), Petalodontiformes, and Holocephali. The euselachian grade taxa are remarkably diverse with four new taxa recognized here; the Protacrodontidae: Microklomax carrieae n. gen. n. sp. and Novaculodus billingsleyi n. gen. n. sp., and the Anchronistidae: Cooleyella platera n. sp. and Amaradontus santucii n. gen. n. sp. The Surprise Canyon assemblage also has the youngest occurrence of the elasmobranch Clairina, previously only known from the Upper Devonian. The Surprise Canyon Formation represents a nearshore fluvial infilling of karstic channels, followed by a shallow marine bioherm reef, and finally deeper open water deposition. The early Bashkirian Watahomigi Formation represents open marine deposition and contains only two taxa: a new xenacanthiform, Hokomata parva n. gen. n. sp., and the holocephalan Deltodus. The relationship between the Surprise Canyon and Watahomigi chondrichthyan assemblages and other significant coeval chondrichthyan assemblages suggest that there may have been eastern and western distinctions between the Euamerican assemblages during the Serpukhovian due to geographic separation by the formation of Pangea.
... Thrinacodus cf. incurvus (Newberry and Worthen, 1866), bransonelliform Bransonella lingulata Ivanov and Ginter, 1996, symmoriiforms Stethacanthus altonensis, Denaea wangi and D. williamsi, ctenacanthiforms Glikmanius sp. and Saivodus striatus, the hybodontiform Reesodus wirksworthensis, the anachronistids Cooleyella fordi, Ginteria fungiforma and Anachronistid gen. et sp. ...
... et sp. indet., and numerous undescribed taxa (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996;Duffin and Ivanov, 2008;. The assemblage from the Upper Serpukhovian (Heath Formation) of Bear Gulch (Montana, USA includes the phoebodontiform Thrinacodus gracia, symmoriiforms Falcatus falcatus Lund, 1985, Damocles serratus Lund, 1986, Denaea wangi Wang, Jin and Wang, 2004, Orestiacanthus fergusi Lund, 1984, Stethacanthus altonensis and S. productus Newberry, 1897, the squatinactiform Squatinactis caudispinatus, and diverse euchondrocephalians (Grogan and Lund, 2008;Ginter, 2021). ...
... However, occurrences in Europe come mainly from pelagic sediments, whereas in North America it occurs typically in shallow water, or even in estuarine environments. Thus, B. nebraskensis has been reported from deep-water facies of Europe: Holy Cross Mountains, Poland; Derbyshire, England (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996;Ginter et al., 2015); the Dinant synclinorium in Belgium (Derycke et al., 2005); the Urals (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996); and Siberia, the Kuznetsk Basin (Hampe and Ivanov, 2007). In North America, however, B. nebraskensis occurs mostly in more coastal facies (e.g., Schultze, 1985;Hodnett and Elliott, 2018), or even in estuarine environments (Johnson and Thayer, 2009). ...
... However, occurrences in Europe come mainly from pelagic sediments, whereas in North America it occurs typically in shallow water, or even in estuarine environments. Thus, B. nebraskensis has been reported from deep-water facies of Europe: Holy Cross Mountains, Poland; Derbyshire, England (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996;Ginter et al., 2015); the Dinant synclinorium in Belgium (Derycke et al., 2005); the Urals (Ivanov and Ginter, 1996); and Siberia, the Kuznetsk Basin (Hampe and Ivanov, 2007). In North America, however, B. nebraskensis occurs mostly in more coastal facies (e.g., Schultze, 1985;Hodnett and Elliott, 2018), or even in estuarine environments (Johnson and Thayer, 2009). ...
... The fish assemblage of the Finis Shale outcrop, considering the published data but with some new determinations, includes the following taxa: bransonelliform xenacanthimorph Bransonella lingulata Ivanov and Ginter 1996; symmoriiforms Denaea sp., Stethacanthus sp. and undefined taxa; ctenacanthiforms Heslerodus divergens (Trautschold 1879), Glikmanius occidentalis (Leidy 1859), Ctenacanthus sp. and undefined taxa; euselachian Sphenacanthus sp.; anachronistid neoselachian Cooleyella cf. amazonensis Duffin et al. 1996; eugeneodontiforms Campyloprion sp., Arpagodus sp. and undefined taxa; petalodontiforms Peripristis semicircularis Newberry and Worthen 1866, Petalodus ohioensis Safford 1853 and Antliodus sp.; cochliodontiform Deltodus sp.; undefined helodontiform and euchondrocephalian; uncertain chondrichthyan Physonemus mirabilis (St. ...
A diverse assemblage of fish microremains is reported from the Virgilian (Gzhelian), Upper Pennsylvanian Finis Shale outcrop at Lost Creek Lake near Jacksboro (Texas, USA). The assemblage contains diverse remains of chondrichthyans, rare acanthodians and actinopterygians. The chondrichthyans are represented by a xenacanthimorph, ctenacanthiforms, symmoriiforms, an euselachian, a neoselachian, a petalodontiform, eugeneodontiforms, a helodontiform and euchondrocephalian taxa. The teeth of Bransonella dominate the chondrichthyan microremains. The occurrence of Bransonella lingulata in the Gzhelian Finis Shales of Texas is the youngest in the world. The assemblage includes widely distributed taxa of chondrichthyans. The chondrichthyan fauna from the Finis Shale outcrop differs from the rich faunas of the Kasimovian–Gzhelian from other regions such as New Mexico and Nebraska in the USA, Moscow, Samara and Volgograd regions of Russia, Spain, Germany and the Czech Republic by the dominance of bransonelliform remains and the set of diverse ctenacanthiforms and euchondrocephalians. The new assemblage of fishes demonstrates the presence of chondrichthyan taxa with different food specialisation in the Virgilian faunal community.
... The specimens used in those unpublished studies were recovered from rocks personally by the authors or obtained from other researchers, particularly those who had searched for conodonts at Polish Devonian and Carboniferous sites. Parts of these materials were published in the following papers: Ginter (1990Ginter ( , 1995Ginter ( , 2002Ginter ( , 2004, Ginter and Ivanov (1992, 1995a, b, 1996, Ivanov and Ginter (1996), Ginter and Turner (2010), Ginter et al. ( , 2015, Turner and Ginter (2018), Ginter and Złotnik (2019). The other part of the collection was the result of scientific cooperation with a few Polish scientists: Ginter and Piechota (2004), Ginter and Niedźwiedzki (2019), Ginter and Skompski (2019); also the specimens published in earlier studies (Kulczycki, 1957;Racki, 1985;Liszkowski and Racki, 1993) were re-examined. ...
... 9), as in Xenacanthimorpha e.g. (Hampe 1989, Turner 1993, Ivanov & Ginter 1996, Johnson 1999, Hampe 2003, Johnson & Thayer 2009, in Phoebodontiformes (Ginter & Ivanov 1992, Ginter 1999, Ginter et al. 2008, in Cladodontomorphi (Ginter 2002 and even in Protacrodontoidea with very regressed articular devices of cladodontomorph type (Ivanov & Lucas 2011). These linking pores are therefore interpreted as the prints of connective fibrous ligaments that ensure the cohesiveness between two consecutive teeth of a same file. ...
Xenacanthids were a very successful group of elasmobranchs that ranged from the Lower Carboniferous to the Upper Triassic. The history of discovery of the xenacanthids, which is closely connected with the history of coal prospecting in England, began with the finding of the type specimen of Xenacanthus laevissimus in the Westphalian B of the West Midlands. In this first review of British Carboniferous xenacanthids, the number of taxa, mainly erected during Victorian times, is reduced to 14 species distributed among six genera. Determinable remains are recorded from at least 96 localities in the British Isles. Unique characteristics of the Dinantian Diplodoselache suggest that the lineage to which this taxon belongs marks a dead end in xenacanthid evolution. This investigation also shows that the Pendleian Dicentrodus, formerly described as Cladodus, belongs to the xenacanthids. The occurrence of Orthacanthus cf. kounoviensis in the Pennines, also known from the German Saar-Nahe basin, the Saale depression and from Bohemia, indicates a faunal exchange between these intramontainous basins during the Carboniferous. The genus Triodus is identified from British deposits for the first time. A cladistic analysis of the xenacanthids suggests that they evolved from phoebodontid elasmobranchs. This analysis also confirms separation of the Middle Devonian Antarctilamna from a relationship with xenacanthid sharks.
The use of Paleozoic ichthyoliths in geology has been extremely limited due, in part, to the taxonomic problems involved in their identification and the lack of adequate documentation affording comparisons of elements from various studies. Part II of a catalog of 156 Late Pennsylvanian ichthyoliths consists of diagnoses and illustrations mainly of teeth. Each ichthyolith has been identified by a coded, utilitarian classification system.