Content uploaded by Nermin Sökmen
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Nermin Sökmen on Dec 16, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
October 2009
TOKYO
THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
RESEARCH COUNCIL OF TURKEY
( TÜBİTAK)
Turkish Electronics Industry
Nermin SÖKMEN
Information Technologies Institute
TÜBİTAK MAM
Running R&D institutes to perform RTD activities in line with
national priorities
About TÜBİTAK
Formulating S&T policies of Turkey
Promoting, funding and monitoring academic R&D
Promoting, supporting and monitoring industrial RTD &
innovations
Fostering academia-industry cooperation
Discovering the talents and supporting the scientists of the
future
Awarding annual prizes, serving as incentives for scientific
excellence
Organising and running international S&T cooperation
Marmara Research Center (MAM)- Information
Technologies Institute
National Electronics & Cryptology Research Institute
(UEKAE)
Space Technologies Research Institute (UZAY)
Defence Industries R&D Institute (SAGE)
Topics Covered
Turkish Electronics Industry
Production
Export and Import
Firm Characteristics
R&D Funds
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities
International Cooperation
3
About Electronics Industry
The industry is comprised of six major sectors:
4
Components
Consumer Electronics
Computers
Printed Circuits, Circuit
Elements , Coils and
Transformers
Color TV, Video, Player,
Cash Registers, Monitors
Telecommunication
Equipments
Telephone Exchanges, Private
Exchanges,GSM Telephone
Systems, Radyolink, Analog-
Digital Multp., Cables
Other Professional and
Industrial equipment Defence Electronics
Power Suppliers, Induction Ovens,
Automotive Electronics, Signalization
& Alarms, Test & Measuring Set
Wireless Comm., Radar,
Navigation&Avonics System, Mine
Detector, Cyrpto Equipment,
Simulator&Training
Printing Machinery, Data
Processing
Machines&Units
About Electronics Industry
Turkish Electronics industry and ICT industry mostly
develop products for local market.
5
Electronics Industry
(electronics
production
companies)
Total employees (manufacturing, R&D,
sales, marketing etc.):~45.000 people[1]
The R&D expenditures in the sector:
about 180 million USD (excluded the
public expenditures)[1]
It is ~1.9% of the production volume[1]
Not: Defence Electronics sector numbers are excluded.
About ICT Industry
The # of Turkish ICT
companies producing both
stand alone software and
software as a part of product or
system (such as embedded
software etc.) is ~1600.
6
ICT companies producing both stand
alone software and software as a part of
product or system (such as embedded
software etc.)
Total employees (product
development, R&D, sales,
marketing etc.):~ 50608 people[2] .
The # of SW developers in ICT
industry is ~14000 [2]
~730
Not: Electronics sector manufacturers, not dealing with SW development activities
are excluded.
Electronics Sector Production
Production volume of Turkish Electronics sector is
calculated 9.5 billion usd in 2008 [1] .
The Turkish Electronics industry has experienced growth
since 2002.
7
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
PRODUCTION
(1000 $)
2401600
2910645
2298720
2663710
3544230
6814640
8150000
9481917
9513032
9507570
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
9000000
10000000
PRODUCTION
(1000 $)
%92.27
Electronics Sector Production
Production volumes of Turkish Electronics subsectors [1]:
8
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Production Volume of Total Industry
COMPONENTS
CONSUMER ELECTRONIC
TELECOMMUNICATION EQ.
OTHER PROF.& END EQ.
DEFENCE ELECTRONICS
COMPUTERS
Electronics Sector Production
The consumer electronics subsector has the largest share in total
production of electronics in Turkey.
The telecommunication equipment subsectors comes after the
consumer electronics subsector [1].
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
COMPONENTS
CONSUMER
ELECTRONIC
TELECOMMUNI
CATION EQ.
OTHER PROF.&
END EQ.
DEFENCE
ELECTRONICS
COMPUTERS
2005
4
58
15
12
6
6
2006
4
56
14
12
6
9
2007
5
45
16
17
7
10
2008
6
38
17
19
9
12
Subsector*100
/Electronic Sector
BREAKDOWN OF ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY PRODUCTION BY
SUBSECTORS
Leading Companies of Consumer Electronic
Subsector
10
Leading Companies-Telecommunication Equipment
SubSector
11
Leading Companies-Other Professional and Industrial
Equipment Subsector
12
Leading Companies-Defence Sector
13
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
The export volumes of Turkish Electronics industry shows an
increase since 1990s.
Export volume has increased by 59 percent in 2002, 49 percent in
2004, 10 percent in 2005 and 12 percent in 2007.
14
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
EXPORT
(1000 $)
1163926
1391894
1515710
2411528
2833079
4029329
4445489
4420591
4961361
4822787
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
EXPORT
(1000 $)
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
Import/Export share of the Electronics Industry[1]:
15
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
Distribution of Turkish Electronics industry production, export and
import by years [1]:
16
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
Turkish Electronics sector exports are mostly directed to the
European Market. The total value of exports of electronics is
calculated 4,82 billion USD and 63,84% of total electronics export
volume belong to countries in EU [1].
17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
North
America
European
Union
Non-EU
European
North
Africa
Middle
East
Caucasus
Middle
East
(AZERBA
IJAN,
KAZAKH
STAN,
TURKME
NISTAN …
Middle
and
South
America
Far East
(CHINA,
SOUTH
KOREA,
JAPAN ..)
Other
Countries
Import Ratio (%)
5.75
37.24
1.81
0.92
0
0.95
52.57
0.76
Export Ratio (%)
1.38
63.84
7.2
16.26
3.65
0.42
1.65
5.6
%
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL EXPORT and IMPORT
BY COUNTRIES IN 2008
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
The figure shows the total export and import share of European
countries.
18
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL
EXPORT and IMPORT SHARE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Import Ratio (%)
Export Ratio (%)
England has 16 percent share of total export volume of Turkish
Electronics industry,
Germany has 13 percent.
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
Electrical and electronics components and goods sourced from
China, South Korea , Japan , Germany, Hungry,France and Italy [1].
19
While China has 63.9 percent import share of far east countries, it
has over 33.57 percent import share of the total Turkish Electronics
market.
Germany represents second in Turkish import market share with
8.25 percent (22,2 percent import share of European countries).
South Korea :5.24 percent import share of total market (10
percent of far east countries).
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
Consumer electronics and telecommunication equipments are the
major items of the export volume [1].
20
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
COMPONENT
S
CONSUMER
ELECTRONIC
TELECOMMU
NICATION
EQ.
OTHER
PROF.& END
EQ.
DEFENCE
ELECTRONIC
S
COMPUTERS
2006
11.0
68.9
13.0
4.3
1.3
1.4
2007
15.8
52.7
21.2
6.4
1.3
2.5
2008
21.6
44.5
21.0
8.6
1.5
2.8
%
DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORT SHARES OF ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
SUBSECTORS BY YEARS
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
European Union countries hold 90.55 percent of total export
volume of consumer electronics equipments [1].
21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
North
America
European
Union
Non-EU
European
North
Africa
Middle
East
Caucasus
Middle
East
(AZERBAI
JAN,
KAZAKHS
TAN..)
Middle
and
South
America
Far East
(CHINA,
SOUTH
KOREA,
JAPAN ..)
Others
Import Ratio (%)
2.69
47.03
0.36
2.2
0
0.22
46.15
1.35
Export Ratio (%)
0.06
90.55
4.42
2.97
1.17
0.01
0.15
0.67
%
DISTRIBUTION of CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SUBSECTOR
EXPORT and IMPORT by COUNTRIES in 2008
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
93.7 percent of consumer export volume goes to “reception
apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast
receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus; video
monitors and video projectors”.
22
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
%
CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SUBSECTOR IMPORTS and EXPORTS BY PRODUCTS
IMPORT (1000 $) in 2008
EXPORT (1000 $) in 2008
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
European Union countries hold 62.54 percent of total export
volume of telecommunication equipments.
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
North
America
European
Union
Non-EU
European
North Africa
Middle East
Caucasus
Middle East
(AZERBAIJ
AN,
KAZAKHST
AN,
TURKMENIS
TAN ..)
Middle and
South
America
Far East
(CHINA,
SOUTH
KOREA,
JAPAN ..)
Others
Import Ratio (%)
3.56
44.16
0.7
0.59
0.01
1.25
48.91
0.82
Export Ratio (%)
1.3
62.54
4.89
17.73
5.39
0.48
1.48
6.19
%
DISTRIBUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
EXPORT and IMPORT BY COUNTRIES IN 2008
Far East countries hold 48.91 percent and European Union
countries hold 44.16 percent of total import volume of
telecommunication equipments.
Export & Import of Electronics Sector
55.6 percent of telecommunications equipment import volume goes
to wireless transmitters and receivers .
86.9 percent of telecommunications equipment export volume goes
to cables[1].
24
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Telephone
Automatic
Exchanges
User End
Equipments
(telephone,
telefax, data)
Transmissio
n Equipment
(Analog,
Digital,
Multiplex,
TV
Transmitters)
Transmitter /
Receivers
Wireless
Receiver/Tra
nsmitter
Antennas for
Wireless
Equipments
Cables
IMPORT (1000 $) 2008
2.2
8.3
14.4
55.6
2.8
16.7
EXPORT (1000 $) 2008
0.6
3.9
2.2
4.3
2.1
86.9
DISTRIBUTION OF THE TELECOMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
SUBSECTOR EXPORT and IMPORT BY PRODUCTS
ICT Sector Production
25
56.4 percent of SW developing companies, dealing with technology
development activities, sell technology to the others.
Total technology sales value of the sector is 599.843.972 USD (2007)
0
200000000
400000000
600000000
800000000
1000000000
1200000000
1400000000
1600000000
1800000000
The average turnover of
the four consecutive years
The average export value
of the four consecutive
years
The average technology
sales value of the four
consecutive years
USD
ICT Industry Size calculated with the numbers taken from only SW
Developing Companies
1.789.996.558
599.843.972
Total number of SW related project is ~71480 (2007)
Total number of SW related products, ready for the marketing, is
~6400 (2007).
ICT Sector Production
26
Distribution of Software ICT Firms by Sector Types
40.4 % of the software producers serve in
manufacturing & automation sector, ~30 % serve in
telecom sector and finance&banking&insurance sector.
40.4
30.4
26.7
24.0
19.9
19.9
16.7
13.7
11.4
11.2
10.0
5.5
2.5
41.3
19.6
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Sectors
Firm Characteristics of Electronics Sector and ICT
Sector
27
The data implies that 96.6% of software producers in Turkish
ICT sector are domestic companies.
Distribution of Software ICT Sector by Firm Profile
~20% of electric&electronics companies located in Turkey are
foreign joint/subsidary companies or domestic companies with
foreign partnerships.
ICT Sector Export
28
Only 30 percent of SW developing companies deal with export
activities (2007). On the hand, ~ 36,3 percent of ICT companies producing
software as a part of main product or system (such as embedded system) has
been dealing with export activities[2].
National Strategies in Software and Information Services (SIS) Sector
( adapted from „Chudnovsky and L´opez, 2005‟)
Country
Market
Orientation
Nature of SIS
provided
Type of Firms
Key Assets
India
Export
Services (body
shopping-
outsourcing)
Domestic & Foreign
Low wages and English speaking professionals
Ireland
Export
Products
(adaptation-
localization)
Mostly Foreign
Access to European Market and English speaking
professionals
Israel
Export
Products
(innovative)
Mostly Domestic
High skill professionals
R&D capabilities and Army demand
Brazil
Inward
Products & Services
Mostly Domestic
Large domestic market
Argentina
Inward
Products & Services
Mostly Domestic
Domestic market
Turkey*
Inward
Products
(custom-built
software)
Domestic
Large domestic market, experienced sw
developers, field knowledge on
telecommunication and defence area,
Growing demand on public and defence sectors
* Software Quality and Management Project results
Firm Characteristics of Electronics Sector and ICT
Sector
~49 % of ICT
and Electronics
companies located
in Istanbul.
29
~35 % of ICT
and Electronics
companies have
a branch in TDZ.
(# of companies:
~560)
Firm Characteristics of Electronics Sector and ICT
Sector
30
~19% of ICT companies having a branch in TDZ located in
İstanbul(119)
~46% of ICT companies having a branch in TDZ located in Ankara
(258)
~12% of ICT companies having a branch in TDZ located in Kocaeli
(Marmara) in a TDZ (65)
Firm Characteristics of Electronics Sector and ICT
Sector
31
Distribution of Software ICT and Electronics Companies by
Technology Development Zones
Ankara
Firm Characteristics of Electronics Sector and ICT
Sector
32
~ 32 percent of software
producers located inTurkish
ICT sector has quality
certification.
~ 41,5 percent of ICT
companies producing
software as a part of main
product or system (such as
embedded system) has
quality certification[2].
The large scale electronics manufacturers have a quality
certification.
Growth of R&D Intesity, 2000-2006
33
According to the the result of R&D activities survey, conducted by
Turkish Statistic Institute;
The share of Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) in the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (base year 1997) was
0.76% in 2006
0.71% in 2007
In 2007, 48,2% of R&D expenditure was performed by higher
education sector, 41.3% by business enterprises composing state
economic enterprises and private sector, and 10.6% by government.
Total number of R&D personnel (full time equivalent) worked in
2007 was 63,377.
Regarding to R&D personnel distribution within sectors, of total
R&D personnel, 46.6% was employed in higher education sector,
38.3% in business enterprise sector, and 15.1% in government sector
in 2006.
Growth of R&D Intesity, 2000-2006
34
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (TÜBİTAK) and The State Planning Organization
of TURKEY (SPO) aim to support and conduct research
and development activities.
Technology and Innovation funding programmes (TEYDEB)
monitors the research projects of industrial establishments
Public Research Grant Committee (KAMAG)
Defence & Security Technologies Research Grant
Committee(SAVTAG)
The Basic Sciences Research Group (TBAG)
Electrical, Electronical and Informatics Research
Group Funds:
Growth of R&D Intesity by TEYDEB, 1995 - 15 October
2009
Exp: R&D Support Shares of TEYDEB Funds for computer
science projects:
Exp: R&D Support Shares of TEYDEB Funds for
Electric&Electronics projects:
Growth of R&D Intesity by TEYDEB, 1995 - 15 October
2009
36
The # of ICT project
applications
The # of ICT projects
supportted
Electric&Electronics
Science
Computer
Science
Electric&Electronics
Science
Computer
Science
1.480
2.106
993
1.309
Total Budget from 1995 to 15
October 2009 (Electric&Electronics
Science)
Total Budget from 1995 to 15
October 2009 (Computer Science)
194,5 million USD
258,2 million USD
452.7 million USD
Growth of R&D Intesity by KAMAG, 2007- 2009
37
Growth of R&D Intesity by KAMAG, 2007 - 15 December 2009
31.12.2008
30.04.2009
31.12.2009
(prospect)
Nr.
Budget
(Million USD)
Nr.
Budget
(Million
USD)
Nr.
Budget
(Million
USD)
Project Proposals
634
1498
634
1512
735
1753
Supported Projects
114
266
121
308
132
348
# of Project
Budget (Million
USD)
Total
367
~922
~303 for ICT projects
Growth of R&D Intesity by TEYDEB, 1995 - 15 October
2009
38
Exp: R&D Support Shares of TEYDEB Funds:
Exp: R&D Support Shares of KAMAG Funds:
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Budget (%)
Business Areas of KAMAG Funds
32.9% of total budget: 303 million USD
37%
Technology and
Innovation funding
programmes
Public
Research Grant
Committee
R&D Opportunities in Turkey
39
“e-Transformation Turkey Project” , established by
SPO, aims to accelerate Turkey‟s transition to information
society.
The project requires research on:
Technical infrastucture and information security
“egovernment” for introducing electronic services to citizens
eHealth, which is one of the important thematic issues in
eEurope
eCommerce for the development of eBusiness environment,
Mobile Phone Subscribers: 61.1 million (09/07) and
mobile Phone Penetration: 86.6% (09/07).
Turkey accepted third-generation (or 3G) mobile
technology.
Home land security keeps its importance.
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
40
Security & Trust in Networks & Services
Cripto mobile phone, data cripto equipments, network
security equipments, security management equipments,
Digital radio systems, digital radiolink systems,voice
multiplexer
Receivers and transmitter using HF-VHF-UHF
transmission environment,
Radar systems for coast surveillance, vessel tracking
Signal analyzers/testers
Cryptographic security tests
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
41
Microsystems & Optoelectronics
Imaging technologies for forensic investigation of
documents
Optical communications: Laser technologies for
quality control (such systems detecting bubbles,
stones, tin films, glass intentions..)
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
42
Embedded Systems, Computing & Control
RFID tags for factory automation, Supply Chain Management,
emergency management
Digital, analog and RF receiver/transmitter desing such as RF-IF
microwave
Solutions supporting sustainable development
objectives, for the environment
For environment observations, sensor-based observations, data
transfer methodologies
An active RFID system for
earthquakes,consist of wearable beacons
and search devices, is developed to
detect, identify and locate victims, and
analyze victims‟ state of health.
Laboratory emergency alarm system is
desiged with using RFID tech.
Products are developed by Tubitak MAM
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
43
SKAAS is a large scale digital media
archiving and content management
project.
The client :Radio and Television
Supreme Council of Turkey
Feature: Product monitors more than
300 TV channels and 900 radio stations
which constitutes all the broadcast
content of Turkey to collect specific
broadcast content data.
Such as system detects commercials in
TV broadcast utilizing jingles and logo
changes, and reports for analysis by an
operator
Networked Media and 3D Internet
Audio/image/video processing and pattern recognition
Tubitak Space Institute with
its expertise on
audio/image/video
processing and pattern
recognition developed the
product.
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
44
Networked Media and 3D Internet
Audio/image/video processing and pattern recognition
3DTV is aFP7 project.
A consortium of 19 entities,
led by Bilkent University
(TURKEY). Main functional
components of 3DTV are,
“capture and representation of
3D scene information”,
“complete definition of digital
3DTV signal”, “storage and
transmission of this signal”, and
finally the “display of the
reproduced 3D scene”.
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
45
ICT for transportation,
transportation safety:
Vehicle manufacturs have
been equipped vehicles with
communications capabilities
to support safety, mobility
and driver convenience
applications such as
emergency assistance to
drivers, route assistance..
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
46
ICT for transportation, transportation safety
Protocols for signalling, control, and management in an ICT-enabled
transportation system
Wireless communications technologies for vehicle to vehicle,
vehicle-to-insfrastructure, vehicle-to-road, vehicle-to-pedestrian
communicatons.
Computing and software technologies for ICT-enabled transportation
systems
Applications for ICT-enabled transportation systems such as
applications to support active vehicle safety, to improve vehicle
mobility, to reduce traffic congestion, to improve driver convenience
Sensor technologies for vehicle and transportation systems
Autonomies vehicles
Security technolojies for ICT-enabled trasportation systems
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
47
ICT for transportation, transportation safety
Integration of different modals of transportation (car, train)
Technologies for supporting safe driving throughout the lifespan
(method. for older drivers to drive more safety)
Modeling, analysis, and simulation of ICT-enabled transportation
systems.
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
48
Sustainable & Personalised Healthcare:Hospital
management systems, patient tracking systems, medical
imaging/diagnosis equipments, multimedia walk-support
system for patients/elderly people
eHealth technology and devices
Telemedicine software and devices
Diagnostic/monitoring systems and devices
Electronic health cards
Home monitoring services and equipment
Telemedicine equipments
Online instruments supporting independent living
eHealth telecommunication services
eHealth wireless data communications
Strategic Cooperation Opportunities with Japan
49
Sustainable & Personalised Healthcare:
eHealth data records
Digital imagery and films
Internet imaging localization and archiving
Personal, adaptive, and content-based image
retrieval imaging
Privacy and accuracy communications of patient
records
Secure patient data storage
Secure communications of patient data
eHealth information processing
Medical image processing
Video techniques for medical images
Computer vision and resolution
Rapid evaluation of patient's status
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
International Fellowships and Grant Programmes
10 support programmes by 2009
FOR TURKISH RESEARCHERS
•Overseas PhD Fellowship Programme
•Overseas MSc Fellowship Programme
•Overseas Research Fellowship Programme
•Overseas Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Programme
•Overseas Scientific Meetings Fellowship Program
FOR FOREIGN RESEARCHERS
•PhD Fellowship Programme For Foreign Citizens
•Research Fellowship Programme For Foreign Citizens
•Visiting Scientists Fellowship Programme
EXCHANGE PROGRAMMES
• TÜBİTAK-GERMANY (DFG) Scientific Exchange Programme
• TÜBİTAK-HUNGARY (HAS) Scientific Exchange Programme
51
Not: Visiting Scientists Fellowship Programme supported 18 Japanese
researchers
The Institutions with which TÜBİTAK has Bilateral Agreements Based on
Conducting Joint Projects
•USA -NSF (National Science Foundation)
•BELARUS –National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
•BULGARIA –Academy of Sciences of Bulgaria
•CHINA –Ministry of Science and Technology
•GERMANY - DFG (Deutsche Forchungsgemeinschaft)
- BMBF
•FRANCE - CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
•SOUTH KOREA - KRF (Korea Research Foundation)
•INDIA - CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research)
•ITALY - CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
International Relations –Bilateral
•HUNGARY –National Research and Technology Office
(NKTH)
•MACEDONIA –Ministry of Education and Science
•MONGOLIA –Mongolian Academy of Sciences
•PAKISTAN –Ministry of Science and Technology
•ROMANIA –National Authority for Scientific Research of
Romania (ANCS)
•RUSSIAN FEDERATION –Russian Foundation for Basic
Research (RFBR)
•SLOVAKIA –Academy of Sciences
•SLOVENIA –Ministry of Higher Education, Science and
Technology
•TUNISIA –Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific
Research and Technology
•UKRAINE - Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Education and Science
•GREECE - GSRT (General Secretariat for Research
and Technology)
Total: 20 countries/24 institutions
International Relations –Bilateral
International Relations - Multilateral
54
-ICGEB
-ECO
-IEA
-OECD
-NATO
-UN
-ICSU
-EU
-ESA
-COST
-ESF
-EuroHORCS
-EUREKA
-EMBC
-BSEC
-OIC
GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
EU 7th Framework Programme
•CO-OPERATION: to fund
collaborative projects between
research teams
•IDEAS: to fund excellent
individual researchers in cutting-edge
frontier science through European-level competition
•PEOPLE: to fund training, mobility and career development of
researchers
•CAPACITIES: to enhance research and innovation capacity
throughout Europe
References
[1]TESİD Electronic Industry Almanac,2009
[2]TUBITAK MRC ITI, SYONIL Project Outputs
[3] Turkish Statistic Institute
[4] Chudnovsky D. and A. L´opez“The Software and
Information Services Sector in Argentina: The Pros and
Cons of an Inward-Oriented Development Strategy,”
Information Technology for Development, Vol.11 (1) 59–
75 (2005)
THANK YOU
57