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Accepted by M. Malipatil: 2 Nov. 2015; published: 16 Dec. 2015
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN
1175-5334
(online edition)
Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 4058 (2): 278
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286
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Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.2.9
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6D77B01B-45C2-47E9-8A14-BA51CEDA5370
On the synonymy of Dymantis Stål, 1861 and Eomyrochea Linnavuori, 1982 and
resulting nomenclatural changes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
PETR KMENT
1
& DAVID A. RIDER
2
1
Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9 – Horní Počernice, Czech Republic.
E-mail: sigara@post.cz
2
Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 7650, P. O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050,
USA. E-mail: david.rider@ndsu.edu
Abstract
The Afrotropical genus-group taxa Dymantis Stål, 1861 and Eomyrochea Linnavuori, 1982 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pen-
tatomidae: Pentatominae: Myrocheini) are confirmed as objective synonyms, both sharing the same type species: Dyman-
tis subvittata Stål, 1861. As a result, Dymantis (= Eomyrochea, syn. confirm.) is downgraded to a subgenus of Myrochea
Amyot and Serville, 1843 and a new genus, Neodymantis gen. nov., is established for Dymantis sensu Linnavuori (1982)
(type species Halys plana Fabricius, 1803). The following new combinations are proposed: Myrochea (Dymantis) subvit-
tata (Stål, 1861), comb. nov., Neodymantis aias (Linnavuori, 1982), comb. nov., Neodymantis grisea (Jensen-Haarup,
1931), comb. nov., Neodymantis plana (Fabricius, 1803), comb. nov., and Neodymantis relata (Distant, 1898), comb.
nov. The known distribution of the species involved is reviewed and the following new records are provided: Neodymantis
aias from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, N. plana from Ghana and Togo.
Key words: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Myrocheini, objective synonymy, new genus, new
combination, Afrotropical Region
Nomenclature
The Afrotropical genus Dymantis was described by Stål (1861: 199, 200) originally including three species (Halys
planus Fabricius, 1803, Paramecocoris binotatus Stål, 1855, and Dymantis subvittata Stål, 1861), but none of these
was cited as type species. Kirkaldy (1909: 182) subsequently designated D. subvittata as the type genus. Later
Hesse (1925: 18) listed Halys planus as the type species of Dymantis without any comments; however, this
subsequent type species designation is invalid (see ICZN 1999: Articles 69.1, 70.2).
Linnavuori (1982: 70) established Eomyrochea, a new subgenus of Myrochea Amyot & Serville, 1843, with
Dymantis subvittata as its type species, considering it a bridge in the gap between Myrochea s. str. and Dymantis.
Linnavuori (1982) further confirmed placement of Dymantis in Myrocheini, provided a generic key and a
comprehensive diagnosis of the genus, as well as a key and redescriptions of the four included species, one of them
described as new. For unknown reasons, Linnavuori (1982) did not list any type species for Dymantis.
The fact that both Eomyrochea and Dymantis share the same type species was noted for the first time by
Ahmad & Zahid (2004: 142) in the abstract and introduction of their paper. However, instead of proposing the
synonymy of both taxa, they provided only these confused and erroneous statements: ‘Myrochea appears to be a
monotypic genus and the type genus of the tribe Myrocheini Stål including the genera Dorpius [Distant, 1900] and
Stysicoris [Ahmad & Kamaluddin, 1985] but Dymantis with its type species D. subvittatus is clearly excluded from
this tribe and Eomyrochea is synonymised with Myrochea as a superfluous and unnecessary subgeneric name.’ and
‘Linnavuori (op. cit. [= 1982]) who transferred … Dymantis subvittatus Stål, type species of Dymantis and type
species of Linnavuori’s new subgenus Eomyrochea (thus inadvertently synonyrnising [sic!] the entire genus
Dymantis Stål with Myrochea, which he did not do because he also transferred Dymantis (excluding subvittatus)
into his Myrocheini.’
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SYNONYMY OF DYMANTIS AND EOMY ROCHEA
To clarify the nomenclatural situation we confirm here the following objective synonymy pointed out by
Ahmad & Zaidi (2004), Dymantis Stål, 1861 = Eomyrochea Linnavuori, 1982, syn. confirm., resulting in the
following changes. i) Dymantis is relegated and treated as valid subgenus of Myrochea Amyot and Serville, 1843.
ii) A new genus, Neodymantis gen. nov., is established for Dymantis sensu Linnavuori (1982) non Stål (1861). iii)
Five new combinations are proposed. The nomenclatural changes are summarized below.
Collection acronyms
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA;
BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;
DARC David A. Rider collection, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA;
NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden;
NMPC National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic;
TMSA Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa;
ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
ZMUK Zoological Museum, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Myrochea Amyot and Serville, 1843
Myrochea Amyot and Serville, 1843: xxv (as Myrochée), 135 (original description). Type species: Myrochea vittata Amyot &
Serville, 1843 (= Pentatoma aculeata Westwood, 1837), by monotypy.
Subgenus Dymantis Stål, 1861, stat. nov.
Dymantis Stål, 1861: 199 (key to genera), 200 (species included), stat. nov. Type species: Dymantis subvittata Stål, 1861,
subsequent designation by Kirkaldy (1909: 182).
Dymantis (partim): Stål (1865): 79 (key to genera), 110–111 (redescription, species included); Stål (1876): 51–52 (key to
genera, catalogue); Lethierry & Severin (1893): 109 (catalogue, distribution); Distant (1898): 298 (comparison with
Pretorius Distant, 1898); Kirkaldy (1909): 182 (catalogue, type species designation); Hesse (1925): 18–19 (catalogue;
type species designation).
Eomyrochea Linnavuori, 1982: 70 (as subgenus of Myrochea Amyot and Serville, 1843), syn. confirm. Type species:
Dymantis subvittata Stål, 1861, by original designation. Junior objective synonym of Dymantis Stål, 1861.
Eomyrochea: Rider (2006): 323 (catalogue).
Note. Derjanschi & Péricart (2005: 117, 234–235) keyed the genus Dymantis in their monograph of West
Palaearctic Pentatomidae, placing the genus in Sciocorini. However, this is in error because this in fact concerns
the genus Phaeocoris Jakovlev, 1887, that has been synonymized with Dymantis by Kerzhner (1972) based on
similar habitus, but restored from the synonymy and transferred tentatively to Myrocheini by Gapon & Baena
(2005).
Myrochea (Dymantis) subvittata (Stål, 1861), comb. nov.
Dymantis subvittata Stål, 1861: 199 (generic placement), 200 (original description, comparison with D. plana). Lectotype
(designated by Linnavuori 1982: 7, as holotype): ♂, South Africa: ‘Caffraria’ (NHRS).
Dymantis subvittata: Stål (1865): 111 (redescription, comparison with D. plana, distribution); Stål (1876): 52 (catalogue,
distribution); Lethierry & Severin (1893): 109 (catalogue, distribution); Distant (1898): 299 (comparison with D. relata);
Distant (1901): 25 (record); Kirkaldy (1909): 182 (catalogue, distribution); Schouteden (1909): 41 (record); Schumacher
(1913): 58 (record); Hesse (1925): 19 (catalogue, record); Göllner-Scheiding (2012): 99 (faunistic record).
Sciocoris subvittatus: Walker (1867): 176 (catalogue).
Myrochea (Eomyrochea) subvittata: Linnavuori (1982): 67–70 (redescription, key to species, figures, inadvertent lectotype
designation).
Myrochea subvittata: Robertson (2009): 301 (catalogue, distribution).
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FIGURES 1–4. Neodymantis sp. (♂, Namibia, Windhoek—Seeis, coll. NMPC). 1—habitus (body length 11.8 mm). 2–4—
pygophore (2—ventral view, 3—posterior view, 4—lateral view). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Distribution. Namibia (Schumacher 1913, Hesse 1925, both without exact locality), Republic of the Congo
(Distant 1901, Schouteden 1909, Göllner-Scheiding 2012), South Africa (Stål 1861, 1865; Linnavuori 1982),
Zimbabwe (Kirkaldy 1909, as Mashonaland, no exact locality record).
Neodymantis gen. nov.
(Figures 1–4)
Dymantis (misidentification, partim): Stål (1861): 199 (key to genera), 200 (species included); Stål (1865): 79 (key to genera),
110–111 (redescription, species included); Stål (1876): 51–52 (key to genera, catalogue); Lethierry & Severin (1893): 109
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SYNONYMY OF DYMANTIS AND EOMY ROCHEA
(catalogue, distribution); Hesse (1925): 18–19 (catalogue); Distant (1898): 298 (comparison with Pretorius Distant, 1898);
Kirkaldy (1909): 182 (catalogue, type species designation); Hesse (1925): 18–19 (catalogue; type species designation).
Dymantis (misidentification): Villiers (1952a): 66–67 (diagnosis, figure); Gillon (1972a): 269, 271, 273, 277, 278, 281, 290,
298, 318–320 (redescription, key to adults, key to larvae, egg, larva, figures); Linnavuori (1982): 66–70 (redescription,
key to genera and species, phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, figures); Gapon & Ribes (2005): 62–66 (morphology,
taxonomy, figures); Robertson (2009): 275–276 (catalogue, distribution).
Type species. Halys planus Fabricius, 1803, here designated.
Diagnosis. The genus was keyed and comprehensive diagnosis was provided by Linnavuori (1982: 67–68) as
follows: ‘Body robust. Head parabolic; gena extending slightly beyond tylus, not recurved mesad apically, apex of
tylus therefore not concealed. 2nd rostral joint much longer than 3rd and 4th joints together, 3rd joint tumid. Lateral
margins of pronotum slightly curved or nearly straight, humeral angles rounded. Under surface of femora with
small setigerous tubercles. Scent gland orifices (Fig. 86f) very small, evaporatoria large, opaque, ± punctate. Male
genitalia: Pygofer robust; ventral surface usually with ± distinct setose medio-apical tubercle. Hypophysis of style
digitate, basal plate large and provided with numerous long hairs. Theca very large, globose. Spermathecal bulb
(Fig. 84d) simple.’
Etymology. The new name is composed of the prefix Neo- (= new) and Dymantis; the gender is feminine.
Neodymantis aias (Linnavuori, 1982), comb. nov.
Dymantis aias Linnavuori, 1982: 67–69 (original description, key to species, figures, records). Holotype: ♂, Ivory Coast: Foro-
Foro (coll. R. Linnavuori, Finland → AMNH).
Dymantis aias: Robertson (2009): 276 (catalogue, distribution).
Material examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: ♂, “B. Congo: 10 mi. W of Mitwaba
1570 m. I-16-58, E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech collectors”, D.A. Rider det. 1991 (compared with holotype) (DARC); ♀,
“Belg. Congo, 20 mi. E. of Kibombo VIII-13-1957, E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech collectors”, D.A. Rider det. (DARC).
Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo (new record), Ivory Coast (Linnavuori 1982), Nigeria
(Linnavuori 1982).
Neodymantis grisea (Jensen-Haarup, 1931), comb. nov.
Dymantis grisea Jensen-Haarup, 1931: 329 (original description, comparison to D. plana). Syntypes: ♂♀, Guinea, coll. Krieger
(ZMUC). Note. Jensen-Haarup (1931) based the description on at least two specimens (♂♀) but he also wrote: ‘Antennæ
strongly mutilated in type specimen’. We do not consider that statement as holotype designation.
Dymantis grisea: Schouteden (1963): 398 (record); Schouteden (1964): 93 (record); Gillon (1972a): 269, 271, 273, 278, 281,
290, 298, 319–320 (redescription, key to adults, key to larvae, morphology, egg, larva I–V, figures); Gillon (1972b): 380,
387, 390, 392, 395–397, 399, 401, 404–409, Figs 5, 10B (ecology, figures); Gillon (1974a): 218, 233, 235, 246–249, 252–
255, 257–260, 263, 266, 267, 269–280, 282–283, 290–291, 293, 296–299, Fig. 7 (ecology); Gillon (1974b): 48–50, 53–56
(ecology); Pollet (1974): 337, 338, 353 (ecology); Gillon (1978): 92, 95, 98–100, 102–103, 105–109, 113, 117–118, 120–
123, 143–144, 149, 152–157, 162–163, 166–168, 172–173, 183–185 (ecology); Linnavuori (1982): 66, 68–69
(redescription, key to genera, figures, records); Nuamah (1982): 11–12 (karyotype, record); Kerzhner et al. (2004): 20
(karyotype); Gapon & Ribes (2005): 62–66 (morphology of male and female genitalia, taxonomy, figures); Rebagliati et
al. (2005): 202 (karyotype); Robertson (2009): 276 (catalogue, distribution).
Distribution. Angola (Linnavuori 1982), Burkina Faso (Linnavuori 1982), Ghana (Linnavuori 1982, Nuamah
1982), Guinea (Jensen-Haarup 1931), Ivory Coast (Schouteden 1963, 1964; Gillon 1972a,b, 1974a,b; Linnavuori
1982), Nigeria (Linnavuori 1982).
Neodymantis plana (Fabricius), comb. nov.
Halys plana Fabricius, 1803: 183 (original description). Syntypes: Guinea (Mus. Lund) (ZMUC (4 specimens), and ZMUK
[currently deposited in ZMUC] (1 specimen)—see Zimsen 1961: 319).
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Halys plana: Thunberg (1823): 5 (list); Herrich-Schaeffer (1840): 75, Plate CLXIX: Fig. 519 (redescription, figure); Zimsen
(1961): 319 (catalogue of types).
Paramecoris planus: Stål (1856): 55–56 (comparison with P. binotatus).
Dymantis plana: Stål (1861): 199–200 (generic placement, comparison with D. subvittata); Stål (1865): 110–111
(redescription, synonymy, distribution); Stål (1868): 21 (catalogue, type depository); Stål (1876): 51–52 (catalogue,
distribution); Lethierry & Severin (1893): 109 (catalogue, distribution); Kirkaldy (1909): 182 (catalogue, distribution);
Distant (1901): 25 (records); Schouteden (1909): 41 (records); Schouteden (1912a): 72 (record); Jeannel (1913): 35 (list);
Schouteden (1913a): 194 (record); Schouteden (1913b): 328 (record); Bergroth (1914): 448–449 (comparison with D.
confusa, distribution); Lehmann (1922): 13 (record); Hesse (1925): 18–19 (catalogue, records); Mancini (1939): 197
(record); Villiers (1950): 326 (record); Leston (1952): 902 (record); Villiers (1952a): 67 (diagnosis, figure, distribution);
Villiers (1952b): 303 (records); Villiers (1952c): 1207 (record); Villiers (1954): 916 (record); Villiers (1967): 1790 (record,
distribution); Gillon (1972a): 277, 281, 290, 298, 318–320 (redescription, key to adults, key to larvae, egg, larva I–V,
figures); Gillon (1972b): 380, 386, 404, 405 (ecology); Gillon (1974a): 218, 241, 246, 248, 253–254, 258–259, 266, 269,
283, 290–291, 296 (ecology); Pollet (1974): 337, 338, 353 (ecology); Gillon (1978): 116–118, 156–157 (ecology); Medler
(1980): 125 (checklist); Linnavuori (1982): 67–69 (redescription, key to species, figures, records); Robertson (2009): 275–
276 (catalogue, distribution); Göllner-Scheiding (2012): 99 (record); Agboton et al. (2014): 10 (host plant, record).
Dymantis plana var. b: Stål (1861): 111 (variation).
Sciocoris planus: Dallas (1851): 136 (catalogue, distribution); Dohrn (1859): 10 (catalogue); Walker (1867): 174 (catalogue,
distribution); Casale (1981): 49 (collection catalogue, record).
Paramecoris binotatus Stål, 1855: 181–182 (original description). Syntype(s): Sierra Leone (NHRS). Synonymized by Stål
(1865: 111).
Paramecoris binotatus: Stål (1856): 55–56 (redescription, comparison with P. plana, distribution); Dohrn (1859): 11
(catalogue).
Dymantis binotata: Stål (1861): 199–200 (generic placement, distribution); Stål (1865): 111 (synonymy).
Dymantis plana var. binotata: Lethierry & Severin (1893): 109 (catalogue); Kirkaldy (1909): 182 (catalogue).
Material examined. GHANA: ♂, “Legon, A.D., Ghana, 14.I.69” (DARC), ♂, same except “27.IIII. [sic] 72”
(DARC); ♀, Aburi, Ghana, 25-10-80, Allotea, J” (DARC). TOGO: ♂, “Bismarckburg, 11.-16.IX.92, L. Conradt
S.”, Dymantis plana F. Karsch det.” (DARC), ♀, same except “7.-12.IX.92 (DARC).
Distribution. Angola (Hesse 1925, locality Namacunde), Benin (Bergroth 1914, without exact record; Villiers
1952c; Agboton et al. 2014), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Distant 1901; Schouteden 1909, 1912a, 1913a;
Lehmann 1922), Ethiopia (Mancini 1939), Ghana (new record); Guinea (Fabricius 1803; Thunberg 1823; Villiers
1952b, 1954), Guinea-Bissau (Schouteden 1913b), Ivory Coast (Gillon 1972a,b, 1974a; Linnavuori 1982),
Namibia (Hesse 1925, locality Ovamboland–Mafa), Niger (Villiers 1950), Nigeria (Meddler 1980), Republic of the
Congo (Villiers 1967, Göllner-Scheiding 2012), Sierra Leone (Dallas 1851, Walker 1867, both as Sciocoris planus;
Stål, 1855, 1856, no exact record, as Paramecocoris binotatus), South Africa (Walker 1867, without exact record;
Casale 1981), South Sudan (Bergroth 1914, locality Sobat [river] on the White Nile), Togo (new record).
Herrich-Schaeffer’s (1840) record from Brasil is apparently a mistake. The record of Dymantis plana from
Tanzania (Gerstaecker 1873) apparently represents a misidentification, most probably of D. relata.
Nonnaizab (1995) listed Dymantis plana from China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai), as well as from
Mongolia and ‘the former Soviet Union’. The provided redescription, habitus and paramere drawing appears to us
to be identical with Phaeocoris ellipticus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840) as illustrated by Ahmad et al. (1996, as
Lodosia gonocoxa) and Gapon & Baena (2005), who figured the paramere from nearly the same aspect. The
illustrations from both of the above papers fit well with the drawings by Nonnaizab (1990). Later, Nonnaizab et al.
(1988) and Nonnaizab (1999) listed Dymantis elliptica (Herrich-Schaeffer) from Inner Mongolia, which is a
species recently reinstated in the genus Phaeocoris (see Gapon & Baena 2005), which leaves no doubt about the
record of D. plana by Nonnaizab (1995) is a misidentification of that species.
Neodymantis relata (Distant, 1898), comb. nov.
Dymantis plana (misidentification): Gerstaecker (1873): 397 (catalogue, record: Tanzania). Note. The specimen examined by
Gerstaecker had body length 11.5 mm and differed from West African representatives of D. plana only by somewhat paler
coloration.
Dymantis relata Distant, 1898: 298–299 (original description, compared to D. subvittata). Syntypes: 3 specimens (number
specified by Distant 1914: 331), South Africa: Transvaal, Lydenburg District (coll. Pretoria Mus. [= TMSA] and coll.
Distant, BMNH).
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Dymantis relata: Bergroth (1908): 157 (catalogue); Kirkaldy (1909): 182 (catalogue, distribution); Schouteden (1910): 95
(record); Schouteden (1912b): 106 (record); Jeannel (1913): 35 (record, ecology); Schouteden (1913a): 194 (record);
Distant (1914): 331 (synonymy, records, distribution); Villiers (1967): 1790 (record, distribution); Linnavuori (1982): 68–
70 (redescription, key to species, figures, record); Robertson (2009): 276 (catalogue, distribution).
Dymantis velata (incorrect subsequent spelling): Leston (1952): 902 (record).
Dymantis confusa Bergroth, 1914: 448–450 (original description, comparison with D. plana). Syntypes: 2 ♂♂, Malawi:
‘between Fort Mangoche and Chikala Boma’, about 4000 ft [= 1219 m a.s.l.] (BMNH). Synonymized by Distant (1914:
331).
Dymantis confusa: Distant (1914): 331 (synonymy); Linnavuori (1982): 68 (listed as valid species unknown to the author,
diagnostic characters repeated).
Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo (Schouteden 1913a), Malawi (Bergroth 1914, as D. confusa;
Distant 1914), Republic of the Congo (Villiers 1967), South Africa (Distant 1898, 1914; Schouteden 1912b; Leston
1952, as ‘British Caffraria’), Tanzania (Schouteden 1910, Jeannel 1913, Linnavuori 1982), Zimbabwe (Distant
1914, Leston 1952).
Neodymantis sp.
Sciocoris planus (misidentification): Herrich-Schaeffer (1844): 86, 88, Plate CCXLIII: Fig. 755 (generic placement,
redescription, figure, record).
Distribution. South Africa (Herrich-Schaeffer 1844).
Comment. The drawing of Sciocoris planus by Herrich-Schaeffer (1844: Plate CCXLIII: Fig. 755) differs
markedly from that given for Halys plana by Herrich-Schaeffer (1840: Plate CLXIX: Fig. 519) and undoubtedly
represent different species.
Discussion
The tribal placement for Dymantis has been somewhat confused in the past. At one time or another, Dymantis has
been associated with the Aeliini, Caystrini, Myrocheini, or Sciocorini. It is definitely not a member of the Aeliini
(different overall shape and lacks the expanded propleura characteristic of that group) or the Sciocorini (again
distinctly different appearance lacking the expanded pronotal margins and less depressed body form). In general
appearance, the members of the Caystrini and the Myrocheini are very similar. Most of the recent works on these
two tribes have been on the Indo-Pakistani (Ahmad and Afzal 1979, Ahmad and Kamaluddin 1987, Ahmad and
Zahid 2004) and the African genera (Linnavuori 1982). In general, three characteristics have been used to separate
the two tribes, although none of these characteristics seem to be fully reliable all the time. The three characteristics
are the structure of the mesosternum (sulcate without a medial carina in the Myrocheini, carinate in the Caystrini),
the structure of the metathoracic scent gland peritreme (obsolete to very short in the Myrocheini, longer in the
Caystrini), and the armature of the fore femora (provided with several small teeth or spines in the Myrocheini,
unarmed in the Caystrini). In species of Dymantis and Neodymantis, the mesosternum is shallowly but distinctly
sulcate (no sign of medial carina), the peritreme is short and auriculate (spout-shaped), and the anterior femora are
armed subapically with several black teeth. Until a more thorough phylogenetic study is completed, it is best to
retain these genus-group taxa in the Myrocheini.
Despite the present solution of the nomenclatural problems involved, the taxonomic knowledge of
Neodymantis is far from satisfactory. Some of the specimens examined differ substantially in the shape of
pygophore from the drawings given by Linnavuori (1982) (see Figs 2–4), suggesting the existence of at least six
Neodymantis species (at present only four are recognized). This means that revision of this genus is badly needed.
However, this can also be said for nearly all of the non-monotypic Pentatomidae genera of the Afrotropical Region
except for a few that have been recently revised (see Davidová-Vilímová 1993, 1999; Grazia & Schwertner 2008;
Kment & Jindra 2009; Ferrari et al. 2010); we must leave this task for the future.
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2015/14, National
Museum, 00023272). We thank Dávid Rédei (Nankai University, Tianjin, China) for translation of Nonnaizab’s
(1995) text from Chinese and critical reading of the manuscript.
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