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MIDDLE URALS
CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMIAN
MARINE AND CONTINENTAL
SUCCESSIONS
MIDDLE URALS.
CARBONIFEROUS
AND PERMIAN
MARINE AND
CONTINENTAL
SUCCESSIONS
FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK
OF XVIII INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS OF THE
CARBONIFEROUS
AND PERMIAN
(ICCP 2015)
Editors:
G.Yu. Ponomareva
O.L. Kossovaya
I.S. Khopta
PERM,
2015
УДК 551.26
ББК 26.32
M 57
Middle Urals. Carboniferous and Permian marine and continental successions:
Field trip guidebook of XVIII International Congress of the Carboniferous and Permian (ICCP
2015). Perm: August 16-19, 2015/ Perm: Printing house "Aster", 2015. – 112 p.
The descriptions and biostratigraphic analyses of the important type and reference
sections of the Famennian, Carboniferous and Lower Permian. The foraminifers, conodonts,
Rugosa corals are illustrated. For geologists and paleontologists who study Carboniferous
and Permian stratigraphy, paleontology.
Reviewers:
Candidate of geol.-min. sciences, I.Yu. Gerasimova
General Director Deputy “KamNIIKIGS”, geology department, T.V. Alexandrova
Editors:
G.Yu. Ponomareva
O.L. Kossovaya
I.S. Khopta
On the cover: the sketch by Roderick I. Murchison 'The Gurmaya Hills, South Urals,
approaching from the Steppes' (Murchison et al., 1845).
© Perm State University, 2015
ISBN 978-5-7944-2571-0
ISBN 978-5-7944-2571-0
M 57
УДК 551.26
ББК 26.32
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 6
CHEKARDA SECTION 17
KUNGUR AREA
MEZHEVOI LOG SECTION 24
GUBAKHA SECTION 34
KHOLODNY LOG SECTION 36
BELAYA GORA SECTION 48
YADRO SECTION 62
MARIINSKY LOG SECTION 66
LADEYNAJA MOUNTAIN 92
6
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
AND CARBONIFEROUS AND
PERMIAN STRATIGRAPHY
OF THE MIDDLE URALIAN
TRIP AREA
(PERM REGION)
Area of Middle Urals excursion includes three structural zones: eastern part of the East-European
craton, Preuralian foredeep and West Uralian zone (g. 1–3).
East part of the East-European platform. Volgo-Uralian area
In this area two large structural stages can be distinguished (Puchkov, 2010). The ground stage
is Archean-Paleoproterozoic basement with Meso- and Neoproterozoic aulacogens. The upper stage
is the platform Vendian (Neoproterozoic) – Upper Paleozoic cover. The Vendian is overlapped by
the middle and upper series of Devon and by the Carboniferous and Perm systems. In the Early
Palaeozoic Volgo-Uralian area was upstanding. Starting from the late Emsian a thicker and continuous
sedimentary sequences start to form. Sedimentation was ruled by the interaction of the slow lowering
of the peripherals and eustatic movements. In general sedimentary complex is a combination of
the shallow water shelf carbonate (dolomitic limestones) and terrigenous sediments. One can see
a transition into lagoon and continental sediments. On the detailed seismic prole facies of reef
mass and abyssal trough of Kamskian-Kinelskian type are distinguished together with the terrigenous
clinoform facies of the lling these troughs (low Vise). Almost on the whole territory of the Volgo-
Uralian area carboniferous formation of the low Vise. Terrigenous-carbonate complex nishes with
the limestones of the Asselian- Artinskian age. Upper the lithology change is happening because of
the appearance of Kungur evaporite and Middle and Upper Permian terrigenous sediments (g. 4).
In the Volgo-Uralian area extensive isometric anteclises predominate with troughs which go around
them (g. 5). There are principal differences between the structure of the self section and the Ural
foreland. Differences are limited by the gradual increase of completeness and thickness of the section
to the continent side and presence of the barrier reefs which appeared in the regression conditions.
Western Ural represents the continental shelf which was entrained by the folded dislocations in the
end of Paleozoic.
The Urals are a Late Palaeozoic orogenic belt (Puchkov, 2009). It is located at the western ank of
a huge intracontinental Uralo-Mongolian mobile belt. The orogen developed mainly between the Late
Devonian and the Late Permian, with a brief resumption of orogenic activity in the Lower Jurassic
and Pliocene – Quaternary time.
7
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 1. Tectonic scheme of the Perm region (Permian krai, Chaykovsky, 2009)
Symbols. I – East-European platform; II – Preuralian foredeep; III – West Uralian folded zone;
IV – Central Uralian zone; • • • – Geological monuments of Perm region
8
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Perm region. After B.K. Ushkov (Symbols, see fig. 3)
9
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 3. Legend for Geological map
of the Perm region
10
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 4. Seismostratigraphic scheme of shelf complexes at the eastern margin of the Volgo-Uralian area (Puchkov,
2010) Symbols: 1 – terrigenous Formations, 2 – layered carbonates with intercalations of quartz sandstones,
siltstonesand shales, 3 – carbonate biogerms, 4 – Domanik facies and fill-ups of the Kama-Kinel basins
Fig. 5. A simplified structural scheme of the Volgo-
Uralian area (VUA) for the end of the Paleozoic
(Puchkov, 2010)
Symbols:
1 – outlines of the biggest structures: a – first
order, b – second order; 2 – fold-and-thrust
structures of the Uralides.
1–14 – structures for VUA: 1 - Preuralian foredeep,
2 – the margin of the Pricaspian basin,
3–6 – depressions: 3 – Upper Kama, 4 – Melekes,
5 – Buzuluk, 6 – Salmysh;
7 – Birsk saddle;
8–12 – swells: 8 - Upper Kama,
9 – Komi-Perm,
10 – Perm-Bashkirian,
11 – Tatarian,
12 – Pugachev;
13 – Vyatka inverted anticline;
14 – Sol-Iletsk uplift
11
INTRODUCTION
Preuralian foredeep – a typical foredeep, lled with Permian ysch and molasse of the Eastern
provenance, underlain Carboniferous shelf deposits. The western boundary is marked in the Middle
Urals by a chain of barrier reefs of Early Permian age. The eastern boundary was affected by westward
thrusting. The foredeep began with the establishment of a “preysch” deep-water basin on shelf
sediments. The basin was lled then by ysch and molasse sediments grading westward into deep-
water facies and still further west into reefs and biostromes. The basin was lled with depositional
evaporates of Kungurian stage. The Middle and Late Permian are represented in the foredeep in the
Perm region continental sediments, mostly terrigenous, red-colored. The outer (western) subzone of
the foredeep is characterized mostly by smooth, open nonlinear folds typical for platform areas. The
inner (eastern) subzone belongs to the foreland thrust and fold belt. Trough is divided into a series of
isolated or half isolated depressions by transverse upheavals. In the Middle Ural these are Yuresanian-
Sylvenian and Solikamskian depressions. There Kungur terrigenous evaporite mass with sulphates and
salt inuence the tectonic structure.
Fig. 6. The character of sedimentation in the Famennian at the eastern margin of the East-European platform
and Urals(Puchkov, 2000) Symbols: 1–3 – boundaries of structural-facial zones, 4 – Western boundary of the
West Uralian zone, 5 – chain uplift, 6 – shallow-water shelf, 7 – the Domanik deep shelf, 8 – barrier reefs,
9 – shallow-water and continental sediments of the cover of the Microcontinent, 10 - deep-water sediments
of the cover of the Microcontinent, 11 – Upper Devonian island-arc complexes, 12 – alkaline complexes of
the Magnitogorsk arc, 13 – flysch. Kb – Kizel basin of the Kama-Kinel system of deep-water troughs,
K-Sh b - Kolva-Shchugor basin of the Kama-Kinel system of deep-water troughs
12
INTRODUCTION
e West Uralian folded zone comprises predominantly intensely folded and thrusted Upper
Palaeozoic sediments characterizing the former passive margin of the East European continent. Zone
composed mostly of Paleozoic shelf, continental slope and rise carbonate and terrigenous sediments.
Constitutes the bigger part of the west-vergent foreland thrust and fold belt.
Shelf sediments are up to 2.5-3 km in the Middle Urals. In the western sections of zone Lower
Palaeozoic and Lower Devonian sediments are absent, so the Middle Devonian strata unconformably
overlie Riphean and Vendian (Meso- and Neoproterozoic). In the Frasnian time in the eastern part
of the East European continent was established the Kama-Kinel system of deep-water troughs (g.
6). The trough can be observed from the platform to the folded zone of the modern western Ural
slope, which emphasizes the common past of these sharply different in structure zones. If we look
from Perm Pre-Urals to the Western Urals we can see Kizel palaeodepression. The basinal “domanik”
facies in the axial parts of the troughs represented by a starved, condensed unit of marls, cherts and
oil shales. Reef limestones border the troughs. This type of sediment distribution persisted trough
the Famennian and Tournaisian, related to the high stand of sea level across platform. The regressive
Lower Visean and transgressive Upper Visean sediments are characterized by the wide development
of terrigenous and carbonate-terrigenous facies, including quartzites, shales and siltstones with coal
layers. The Kama-Kinel troughs were lled with Early Visean sediments and ceased to exist. A strong
connection is again observed between Serpukhovian stage and Fransian-Tournasian structure plan. To
Fig. 7. Paleogeography of the West Urals during the Asselian (left) and the Late Artinskian (from Mizens,
1997) Symbols: 1 – mountains, 2 – platform (shallow-water sea); 3 – zone of the western shelf of the
foredeep; 4 – a slope of the active margin on the foredeep, 5 – upper part of the deep-water cone, 6 – middle
part of the deep-water cone, 7 – lower part of the deep-water cone and lower part of the passive margin on
the foredeep. Б–Б – line of the profile (fig. 8)
13
INTRODUCTION
the full extent Serpukhovian stage was developed only in the palaeodepression. Bottom part of the
Serpukhovian stage is represented by the depression type of section of Kurmakovskian formation.
The Kurmakovskian Formation traces the development only in the Kama-Kinel troughs: Кizel trough
and Kolva-Shchugor trough (Northern Urals, g. 6). The Late Visean, Serpukhovian and Bashkirian
stage in the West Uralian zone are represented mostly by shallow-water limestones.
In the middle Carboniferous, starting from the Moscovian age, due to the inversion of the Uralian
mobile belt a gradual restructuring happens, which formed structure of the Urals course.
A very important transgressive – regressive boundary of the stratigraphic sequences, marked
by unconformity and the deposition of terrigenous sediments is within the Moscovian. On the
territory of the Middle and partly Northern Ural, Early Moscovian formation is spread (Elovian and
Kremenian formation of Gubakha suburbs) which is carbonate-argillaceous mass with interbeds of
distal tempestites of polymictic composition. Formation reects a starting stage of the formation of
the trough in the Middle Urals (Mizens, 1997).
The Upper Carboniferous and a part of Lower Permian are represented predominantly by shallow-
water limestones. In the Asselian, Sakmarian, Early Artinskian ages abyssal ysch basins existed to the
South from the middle watercourse of Chusovaya river (the South of the territory observed) and in
the North Urals (g. 7, 8). In the middle of the Artinskian age a unied abyssal basin was formed
within the trough, the subtraction of the rudaceous material was reinforced. In the middle part of the
Artinskian stage in the sections of the Basin of Kosva River distal turbidites lay.
In the Kungurian age West Urals ysch basin was gradually lled with sediments and was emerged
above the sea level. The process of lling the basin was not even, it was accompanied with the strong
axis shift to the West. Folded Ural structures gradually were moving on the trough (g. 9). Starting
from the Middle Permian territory developed in the subaerial conditions.
Fig. 8. Schematic facies profile of the Late Artinskian Uralian foredeep (from Mizens, 1997)
14
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 9. Schematic geologic map and cross-section of the Gubakha area (after O.A. Shcherbakov)
Legend: 1–17 – section: 1 – Yadro (a core), 2 – Gubakha, 3 – Bunker, 4 – Ladeyny Log (Ladeyny
ravine), 5 – Kremennoy, 6 – Verkhnaya (upper) Gubakha, 7 – Kholodny Log (cold ravine), 8 – Ostanets
(relic), 9 – Mariinsky Log, 10 – Nizhnaya (lower) Gubakha, 11 – Povorot (turn), 12 – Belaya Gora
(Wheite Mountain), 13 – Maltsevka, 14 – Rassolny, 15 – Karpikha, 16 – Krestovaya Gora (Crusade
Mountain), 17 - Verkhnaya (upper) Karpikha. Faults: VVT – Vsevolodo-Vilvensky thrust, MU –
Maltsevsky upthrust, KU – Kosogorian upthrust, LChT – Lunyevsko-Chusovskoy thrust. Stratigraphic
indexes: P1arbr – Burtsevskian Substage, urP1ar – Urminskian Formation (Irginian and Saranian
substages), lkP1k – Lekskian Formation (Filippovian Substage)
15
INTRODUCTION
Table. 1. Stratigraphic subdivision of the Carboniferous System in the Perm region
16
INTRODUCTION
* - Formations developed only in the Silvian basin of the Preuralian foredeep.
The Burtsevskian – Kholodnologian substages represented in the Solikamskian basin by shallow marine
limestones (bioclastic imestones and boundstones with Palaeoaplysina and corals)
Table. 2. Stratigraphic subdivision of the Permian System in the Perm region
1. Mizens G.A. Upper Paleozoic ysch of the Western Urals. Ekaterinburg: UrD of RAS, 1997. 231 p.
2. Puchkov V.N. Paleogeodynamic of the Southern and Middle Urals. Ufa: Dauria, 2000. 146 p.
3. Puchkov V.N. Structure of the Urals (with a special reference of the Carboniferous complexes)
/ Carboniferous Type Sections in Russia and Potential Global Stratotypes: Proceedings of the
International Field Meeting “The historical type sections, proposed and potential GSSP of
the Carboniferous in Russia”. Southern Urals Session. Ufa – Sibai, 13–18 August, 2009. Ufa:
DesignPoligraphService, 2009. P. 7–11.
4. Puchkov V.N. Geology of the Urals and Cis-Urals (actual problems of stratigraphy, tectonics,
geodynamics and metallogeny). Ufa: DesignPoligraphService, 2010. 280 p.
17
The Chekarda section is known worldwide as the richest locations of the Early Permian entomofauna
and ora. The section is situated in the vicinity of the Chekarda village, near by the mouth of the
Chekarda River and the Sylva River, in the Suksun district of the Perm krai. The locality was discovered in
1925 by G. Mauer, a forestry specialist and amateur naturalist from the town of Kungur. His collections
were described by A.V. Martynov, M.D. Zalessky and Yu.M. Zalessky. The section represents a bedrock
exposure with a total length of about 650 m and a height of 0.5 to 14 m. The rocks form small at folds
with a dip to the north-west and north-east at angles of up to 20°.
Chekarda is located in the axial zone of the Sylva basin of the Preuralian foredeep and exhibits the
Chekardinian Pack (Chuvashov et al., 1990) of the Koshelevka Formation (Irenian Substage, Kungurian
Stage of the early Permian). The deposits were formed in the arid lithogenesis and represent submarine
fans delta of the Ural River.
The section consists of three outcrops. The rst outcrop is located 150 meters above the mouth of
the river Chekarda and has a length 50 m of frontage and forms a closed talus. The second outcrop begins
immediately behind the mouth of Chekarda River and extends for 550 m to the islands on the Sylva River.
The rst two outcrops overlap each other and contain a pack of ashy-gray marl with a unique complex
of fossils of insects and plants. A third outcrop, located to 850 meters down the Sylva River from the
mouth of the Chekarda River opposite Sylva’s islands, has a length of 120 m and ends at the mouth of a
large ravine. The outcrop builds upon the section of the rst two and contains the second pack marl with
well-preserved fossils.
The largest volume of all types of rocks occupy sandstones, which belong to the feldspar-quartz
greywackes (Mizens, 1997). The main cementing mineral is calcite with pore type cementation. Siltstones
differ with increased amount of grains of quartz and containing typically less than 10% rock fragments.
The latter are represented by siliceous varieties. The main clay minerals in argillites are dioctahedral
hydromica
and swelling chlorite, the latter are representing siliceous differences. The main clay minerals
in argillites are hydromica dioctahedral chlorite and swelling. The mixed clastic-carbonate rocks are
August 16
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CHEKARDA SECTION
G.Yu. Ponomareva¹, D.S. Aristov², S.V. Naugolnykh³
¹Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
²Borissiak Paleontological Institute
of Russian Academy of Sciences,
117997 Moscow, Profsoyuznaya st. 123, Russia
³Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences,
110017 Moscow, Pyzhevsy per. 7, Russia
KUNGURIAN
18
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marl and clay marl, among which are very coherent varieties, with the smell of bitumen at sliver enriched
dispersed organic matter, contains the remains of insects, and contain examples of the best preservation.
The Chekardinian Pack succession is represented by rst-order, second-order and third-
order sedimentary sequences (Ponomareva et al., 1997; Zhuzhgova et al., 2015). Mikrotsiklity (tape
cyclites) are very thin alternating shales and marl. Packages of micro species occur in conjunction
with graded-bedded sandstones and siltstones up to several centimeters. Cyclites III order include all
major petrographic and genetic types of rocks involved in the structure of the sedimentary massive
or intermittent horizontal stratication, with plenty of plant detritus and clay pebbles; top cyclites
complex I and II order (interbedded siltstones and sandstones with interbedded shales and marl tape).
Deposits are the rst element cyclite turbidite origin. Second, ne-clastic element, which is associated
olistostromes probably accumulated in desalinated deep lagoon, situated in the delta of the river.
Chekardinskaya Pack’s origin is associated with deep alluvial fans and characterizes the nal phase of
the ysch trough of the Ural (g. 1 – 5).
Fig. 10. Location of the Chekarda section
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Fig. 11. Columnar of the Chekarda section
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Fig. 12. Structure of the Chekarda section
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Fig. 13. Start of outcrop of 2 the Chekarda section. Cyclit III order (beds 1–4)
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Fig. 14. Structure of outcrop of 3 the Chekarda section
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The fossil ora of the Chekarda locality shows practically almost all high taxa of the plants,
which are characteristic of the Late Palaeozoicplant world. The most typical representatives of the
Chekarda ora include isoetalean lycopodiopsids Sadovnikovia belemnoides Naug.; equisetophytes
Equisetinostachys peremensis (Zalessky) Naug., Phyllotheca campanularis Zalessky emend. Naug.,
Paracalamites decoratus (Eichwald) Zalessky, etc; sphenophylls Bowmanites biarmensis Naug.,
Sphenophyllum biarmicum Zalessky emend. Naug.; calamostachyan Calamites gigas Brongniart; ferns
Acrogenotheca ramicata Naug., Convexocarpus distichus (Naug.) Naug., Corsinopteris dicranophorus
(Naug.) Doweld, Pecopteris uralica Zalessky, P. helenaeana Zalessky, P. anthriscifolia (Goeppert) Zalessky,
P. tchekardensis Vladimirovich; peltasperms Permocallipteris retensoria (Zalessky) Naug., P. artipinnata
(Zalessky) Naug., Peltaspermum spp.; pteridophylls of uncertain afnity Gracilopteris lonchophylloides
Naug.; ginkgophytes Psygmophyllum expansum (Brongniart) Schimper, P. intermedium Naug., P.
cuneifolium (Kutorga) Schimper, Alternopsis stricta Naug., Psygmophyllodendron uralensis Naug., Bardia
mauerii Zalessky, Kerpia macroloba Naug., Karkenia permiana Naug., Mauerites spp.; male reproductive
organs of ginkgoopsid afnity Permotheca disparis (Zalessky) Naug., P. mbriata (Zalessky) Naug.,
P. colovratica Naug., P. bifurcate Naug., P. deodara Naug.; angaropeltians Sylvocarpus armatus Naug.,
Permoxylocarpus trojanus Naug., Praephylladoderma leptoderma Naug., voinovskyopsids Astrogaussia
imbricata (Naug.) Naug., Vojnovskya sp., Ruoria derzavinii (Neuburg) S. Meyen, R. recta (Neuburg)
S. Meyen, R. lanata Gluchova, R. cf. rasskasovae S. Meyen, Nephropsis crinita Gluchova, Lepeophyllum
sabanakovae Vladimirovich; conifers Walchia appressa Zalessky, W. bardaeana Zalessky, Uralostrobus
voltzioides Naug., Bardella splendida Zalessky; various other gymnosperms and their isolated seeds.
In Koshelevka testing found more than 8,000 specimens of insects belonging to 25 orders and 99
families, comprising 205 genera and 284 species of insects. Work at Chekarda has uncovered one of
the largest and most diverse assemblages of Paleozoic insects. An objective assessment of diversity is
the ratio of the number of families found in the location, to the natural logorifmu number of copies of
this location. For Chekarda this value is 9.8 (this is the maximum value for the Permian) to Wellington
(USA) Location is 6,5 (Rasnitsyn et al., 2015). The high diversity in Chekarda can be explained by the
unique preservation of the material. In most Paleozoic locations arthropods represented by single,
separated wing, whilst in Chekarda these nds are rare and it is more typical to discover fossils of
complete insects.
1. Zhuzhgova L.V., Ponomareva G.Yu., Aristov D.S., Naugolnykh S.V. Chekarda – the locality of
Permian fossil insects and plants. Perm: Publishing house “Aster”, 2015. 160 p.
2. Mizens G.A. The Upper Paleozoic ysch Western Urals. Ekaterinburg. Ural Branch of Russian
Academy of Sciences, 1997. 230 p.
3. Ponomaryova G.Yu., Novokshonov V.G., Naugolnykh S.V. Chekarda – the locality of Permian
fossil plants and insects. Perm: Publishing Permian University, 1998. 92 p.
4. Chuvashov B.I,. Dyupina G.V., Mizens G.A., Chernykh V.V. The reference sections of the
Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian of the western slope of the Urals and the Urals.
Sverdlovsk: Ural Branch of the USSR, 1990. 370 p.
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KUNGUR AREA
MEZHEVOI LOG
SECTION
ARTINSKIAN
KUNGURIAN
STRATOTYPE OF THE
KUNGURIAN STAGE
G.Yu. Ponomareva¹, A.S. Alekseev², A.O. Ivanov³
¹Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
²Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Leninskie gory st. 1, Russia
³Institute of Earth Sciences, St.Petersburg State
University, 199034 St.Petersburg,
Universitetskaya nab. 7–9, Russia
Near Kungur town on a certain distance to Ust-Kishert village up the Sylva River there are typical
sections of the Artinskian and Kungurian stages. Here historical stratotype of the Kungur stage is
situated (g. 1).
Section Mezhevoy Log is situated in Kungur suburbs, where in 1890. A. Shtukenberg identied
Kungurian stage. Mezhevoy is a typical section of local and regional subdivisions of the upper part of
the Artinskian and Kungurian stages
The basic geomorphologic elements of the territory are deep canyon like incised valley of the
Sylva River and upstanding ridged and hilly plain Umian plateau with the absolute heights of the
surfaces up to 240-250 m.
Tectonically, Kungur town and its suburbs are situated in the eastern margin of the Volgo-Uralian
anteclises of the Russian plate of the East European Craton, on its contact with the Uralian foredeep,
in the northern part of the low angle anticlinal fold Umian shaft.
Mezhevoy Log section is situated on the right bank the Sylva River, 8 km upstream from Kungur.
It is represented by rocky outcrops up to 40 m height on the both sides of the mouth of Mezhevoy
ravine. Yermak Stone is situated on the right slope of Mezhevoy ravine. It is a bioherm of the Sylvanian
formation (Sylvanian reef). On the left slope upstream the Sylva River one can see low original outcrops
in the car hollow road which is nished with the Mezhevoy stone in 160 m near the mouth of the
ravine. Section is situated in the core of the anticline Umian shaft that is why there the most ancient
rocks of the Artinskian stage are cropped out. There is a description of this part of the section below
(it is described for the rst time).
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Fig. 15. Location of the Mezhevoy Log section and other mentioned Artinskian and Kungurian sections
Artinskian stage
Sargian substage
Kamaian formation
Kamaian formation is cropped out near the mouth of Mezhevoy ravine only on the right slope
of the ravine (under Yermak stone); on the left slope it does not reach the surface. Hollow monoclinal
folding is with the fall to the East. It is composed by interbedded limestones, highly dolomitic, silicied,
calcareous dolomites, silicied, bluish-light-gray, predominantly coarse- and middle-bedded (5-30 m),
turning into spongolite with interbeds of brown argillaceous limestones or dolomites (1-5 sm). In
all rocks spongioids, brachiopod shells, colonies of branching and fenestrate bryozoas, fragments of
crinoid stems, ostracodes and small foraminifers are found. Especially single stone spongioids of
spherical or attened form with the welded skeleton are widely spread in the Kamaian formation
Kazania elegantissima Stukenberg and Scheia tuberosa Tschernyschev. The description of fauna is given
according to the Guidebook (1991). Bryozoas Polypora sargaensis Trizna, Rhombotrypella arbuscula
(Eichw.), Permoheloclema dunaevae Ozhg., Lioclema heckeri Trisna, Batostomella tschikaliensis Trisna are
numerous (Guidebook, 1974).
Brachiopods: Waagenoconcha irginae (Stuck.), Buxtonia saraneanus (Frecks.), Liosotella septentrionalis
(Tschern.), Marginifera uralica Tschren., Jakovlevia artiensis (Tschern.), Chaoiella gruenewaltdi (Krot.),
Spiriferella saranae Vern., Dielasma elongata Schlot. The following corals are met: Amplexocarina muralis
Soshk., A. irginae Soshk., A. socialis Sochk., Umia aster celindroconica Soshk.
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The penetrated thickness is approximately 14 m; width of outcrop is approximately 70 m.
Stratotype of the Kamaian formation is situated on the left bank of the Sylva River, 3.8 km upstream
from the Mezhevoy stone, in the mouth of Kamaian ravine.
Kungurian stage
Kungurian stage (“classic” Kungur) is identied on the base of three substages (from lower to
upper): Saranian, Filippovian and Irenian.
Saranian stage
Saranian stage in the northern part of the Umian shaft consists of two formations of one age:
Sylvanian and Churtanian. But Mezhevoy log section differs from a standard scheme (g.2).
Fig. 16. Scheme of relations of the stratigraphic units and facies in the suburbs of Kungur town (according to the
Guidebook, 1991).
“Divya” formation
Divya formation is not typical for sections of Umian plate and it is not xed in Kungur suburbs.
It is a facial analogue of platform formations of Saranian and Sargian substages and it was developed
to the east form the Uralian foredeep.
On the observed territory only in two sections (Mezhevoy Log and Kamaian Log) a rock mass
is identied which does not correspond to any formation of the “classic Kungur”. Lithologically this
mass resembles Divya formation. These sediments are studied more precisely in the Kamaisky log 3.6
km upstream the Sylva river where they are well cropped out (g.17). Transition from the Kamaian
formation is gradual, which forces thickness of the argillaceous interbeds and reduces width of silicied
limestones. Divya formation is composed by argillaceous limestones, marls and argillites (in the upper
part). Rocks in the Mezhenoy ravine have got unclear bedding, ne and middle bedding is typical, and
surfaces of the bedding are uneven, hogbacked, with numerous burrow marks. Argillaceous limestones
are dark-gray, greenish-gray micro-grained, silicied, with nodules of black int, middle-bedded to
thick-bedded, with numerous spicules of spongioids (mainly monoaxonic, rarely with four or six axes),
brachiopods, ostracodes, crinoids, vegetative detritus, rare single rugosas, remains of sh and echinoids.
In Kamaisky ravine Kungur conodonts are received from such limestones Neostreptognathodus cf.
kamajensis Chernykh.
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Fig. 17. "Divya" Formation in the Kamaisky Log section
Marls and argillites, gray, greenish-gray, in the upper parts brown, silty, silicied, unclearly
bedded, in the upper part micro-bedded, platy, with the remains of small brachiopods, burrow marks,
numerous vegetative detritus, fragments of stems Paracalamites sp., remains of Chondrichthyes and
Actinopterygii (n spines, teeth, scale). Remains of sh in Mezhevoy Log section: teeth and scales
Janassa сf. bituminosa (Schlotheim), J. bituminosa (is known from the Middle Permian in Germany and
Great Britain), n spine of the Xenacanthus shark Anodontacanthus sp., scales of the Actinopterygii
shark paleonisc Elonichthys sp. Anodontacanthus is met in Russia (Arkhangelsk reg.), Great Britain,
Czech Republic, the USA (Middle Carboniferous – Kazanian stage, Middle Permian). Thickness is 7.5 m.
Divya formation is overlapped in the Mezhevoy log by rocks of biostrome of the Sylvanian
formation, in the Kamaisky Log – of the Churtanian formation.
Sylvanian formation
Organogenic buildups are identied in the Sylvanian formation. Generation of the Sylvanian
reefs was formed in the nishing stage of development of the Uralian foredeep (lling of the Uralian
foredeep) and it is situated on its west part. Sylvanian formation includes biostrom and bioherm
mass of a low thickness (approximately 40 m). The main reef builders are organisms of genus
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Fig. 18. Scheme of the eastern part of Mezhevoy Log section
Legend: 1 – bedded limestones, 2 – massive limestones 3 – hogbacked bedded argillaceous limestones and marls
4 – gray and black flints, 5 – argillites, 6 – scree; organic renains: 7 – bryozoas, 8 – brachiopods, 9 – algae.
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Tubiphytes, algae and bryozoas. Cores of bioherms with the sharp increase in thickness are composed
by light-gray limestones, gray, organogenic, massive, cavernous, algae and brachiopod-bryozoa-algae.
In the peripheral parts of bioherm masses alongside with organogenic-detrital limestones there are
shell limestones. Further following the lateral crinoids limestones are developed. Biostrome mass
are represented by gray, dolomitic, partly silicied, detrital or organogenic, bedded limestones with
fenestrate bryozoas, articulate brachiopods, fragments of crinoids, algae.
In Sylvanian formation there were algae, bryozoas, brachiopods, ostracodes, tetracoralla, crinoids,
bivalves, small foraminifers, gastropods, cephalopods, trilobites, conodonts.
For bioherms a sustainable community of bryozoas is typical (Guidebook, 1991): Polypora sargaensis
Trizna, Polyporella repens (Trizna), P. russiensis Sch.-Nest., Exfenestella marie (Trizna), Streblascopora
vulgaris (Sch.-Nest.). Small foraminifers form glomospira-nodosatiida-hemigordius complex with
geinitzina and small bradiin, 48 species are identied: Geinitzina chapmani sylvae Bar., G. spandeli
plana Lip., G. pusilla Grozd., Nodosaria catelliniformis Grozd, N. ninae Grozd., N. uralica Grozd.,
N. telum minima Schest., Hemigordius longus Grozd., H. chikalensis Grozd., H. permicus Grozd., H.
nalivkini Grozd., H. saranensis Bar., Trepeilopsis kasisbi irregularis Bar. For the rst time genus Ussania
appears, it is represented by Ussania reitlingerae Grozd. Single corals: Hexalasma hexaseptum Soshk.,
Amplexocarina irginae Soshk., A. muralis Soshk. Out of gastropods 14 are found, they are Plearotomaria
kungurensis Stuck., P. kyshertiana Stuck., P. permiana Stuck., Murchisonia angulata Phill., Capulus
permocarbonicus Stuck. 35 species of bivalves, the most typical are Pseudomonotis sexocostata Stuck.,
Aviculopecten elegantulis Stuck., Av. licharevi Fricks., Lithophaga gigantea (Stuck.), Pleurophorus braevis
Bogosl., Cardiomorpha striata Münst., C. sulcata Kon. Brachiopods: Derbyia regularis Waag., Krotovia
pseudoaculeata (Krot.), Waagenoconcha irginae (Stuck.), Liosotella septentrionalis (Tschern.), Chaoiella
gruenewaltdi (Krot.), Stenoscisma mutabilis (Tschern.), Rhynchopora variabilis Stuck., Hustedia remota
(Eichw.), Dielasma elongata Schlot., D. moelleri Tschern., Hemiptychina orientalis Tschern., Dictyoclostus
uralicus (Tschern.), Krotovia pustulata (Keys.), Kochiproductus porrectus (Kut.). Ostracodes are numerous:
Paraparchites delicates Kotsch., Polycope perminuta (Kellett.), P. paula Kotsch., Microcheilinella
tschikalensis Kotsch., Bairdia plebeia Reuss., B. aliger Guss., B. reussiana Kirkby, Basslerella rma Kellett,
Macrocypris lenticularis Cooper. Out of Nautiloidea Uraltoceras sp is known. Thickness of the Sylvanian
formation in Kungur town area is 25-66 m.
Rock mass lying between organogenic buildups and their tops is identied into Churtanian
formation. Churtanian formation is between reef facies, which overlap rocks of Divya formation in
the Kamaisky ravine. It is composed by light-gray, yellowish, pelitomorphic, middle- and ne-bedded,
with ostracodes, small articulate brachiopods, gastropods, rare fragments of crinoids, bryozoas, corals
and bivalves. Ostracodes are Paraparchites burkemis (Mart.O.), P. kamajicus Guss., P. sylvaeanus Guss.,
Healdia distributa Guss., H. enerviformis Guss. Thickness is up to 25 m.
Fig. 19. Sylvanian Formation
in the Stone Ermak
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Filippovian substage
Filippovian formation
Filippovian substage is represented not in the full volume of the Filippovian formation. Its
top is destroyed as a result of denudation during the after Permian period. Filippovian formation
and Filippovian substage have stratotype in the immediate proximity to Mezhevoy log section, near
Filippovka village. In the section formation is represented by two carbonate members: which are
cropped out in the upper part to the west from Yermak stone and in the Kamaisky ravine.
Petropavlovskian member is clearly identied in the section due to the oolitic structure of the
limestones and dolomites. Oolites in the rocks are spread not equally. There are eutaxic-detrital and
pelitomorphic differences. Texture is massive, in some areas there is cross bedding with the remains of
bivalves, bryozoas and ostracodes. Thickness is up to 12 m.
Ust-Kamenskian member consists of limestones and yellowish-gray pelitomorphic dolomites
with inclusions of gypsum, middle- and ne-bedded, with rare organic remains. It is developed in
the section of Filippovskian quarry, in the upper part of the slope, to the west from Yermak stone.
Thickness of the band is up to 30 m.
There is a road from Mezhevoy log section to Kungur city which goes along Filippovskian quarry (g.20).
Section Filippovskian quarry
Section is the stratotype of the Filippovian formation and Filippovian substage, it is situated on the
right bank of Sylva river near Filippovskoe village. Description of the section (g.21) is written according to
B. Chuvashov and V. Chernyh (2009). Filippovskian quarry is important for stratigraphy of Kungur stage as
a compound part of its stratotype. A successful correlation of different facies of Saranian and Filippovian
substages is made on the base of its ostracode and foraminifer complexes.
Plenty foraminifers of the genus Globivalvulina is typical for the Filippovian formation, fauna has
nodosatiida-frondicularia image. Filippovian outcrop is stratotype of the ostracode zone Paraparchites
numerous. For conodont correlation it species of the new genus Uralognathus cochleatus Chernykh are
important which were found in the limestones of the second bench of the quarry. Similar conodonts are
found in the carbonate terrigenous sediments of Mechetlino section on the Yuruzan River, which is stated
as the global stratotype of the lower border of Kungur stage.
At the base of the section near the roadbed bioherm of the Sylvanian formation is cropped out
which is similar to Yermak Stone and Mezhevoy.
Fig. 20. Filippovian Formation in the Filippovskian quarry
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Fig. 21. Columnar section of the Filippovskian
quarry (Chuvashov, Chernikh, 2009). 1 – flagstone
limestone; 2 – bedded limestone; 3 – tick-bedded
limestone; 4 - clayey limestone; 5a - stromatholitic
limestone; 5b – shell limestone; 6 – reef limestone;
7 – hummocky limestone; 8 – shale; 9 - detrital
limestone.
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Thickness is 12 m (8 m above the road and 4 m below the road level) on the level of 4 m from the
top of bioherm conodonts are found: Neostreptognathodus pequopensis Behnk., N. brevicaudatus Chern., rod
conodonts Hindeodella sp. Top part of the bioherm is combined with the bottom of the quarry and base
of the Filippovian substage.
Filippovian substage, Filippovian formation
e rst bench (beds 2-3, g. 21). Yellowish-gray, mottled, close- and ne-grained limestone
with black bitumen, thick-bedded (15-30 sm) with the remains of foraminifers, ostracodes, small
brachiopods, noncalcic algae. In the base of the quarry conodonts Neostreptognathodus pequopensis Behnk.
And (Sc-element), rod conodonts Hindeodella sp. nov., Hindeodella sp. are identied. Thickness is 12 m.
e second bench (beds 4-8) almost white, in the upper part gray, chalky or close-grained
limestones with organogenic-detrital interbeds, with mottles and lenses of bitumen, ne-bedded, platy
of hogbacked bedded, massive in the upper part of the bench, pore, cavernous with the remains of
bivalves (interbeds).
In beds 5-7 conodonts are indentied. In bed 5 there are rod conodonts Stepanovites sp. (Sb),
Roundina sp., Lonchodina sp., Hindeodella sp. In bed 7: Uralognathus cochleatus Chern., Lonchodina
sp., Hindeodella sp. Thickness is 11 m.
e third bench (beds 9-17, bottom 0.8 m) Limestones from light to dark-gray, opoka-like, close-
grained or stromatolithic, interbedded argillaceous, with lenses of bitumen, massive, up to the bench
interchange with platy and micro-bedded with the remains of algae, foraminifers, ostracodes and small
bivalves (interbeds of micro-shells). Thickness is 11 m.
e fourth bench (beds 14 (upper part) -22). Limestones gray, dark-gray, ne-grained, opoka-
like, pelitomorphic, interbedded argillaceous, thick-bedded (15-30 sm), pore, interbedded with
bioclastic grainstone (upper part of bed 19) with algae Tubiphytes and foraminifers. There conodonts
Neostreptognathodus сf. pequopensis Behnk are identied. Thickness is 17.7 m.
e fth bench (beds 23-26). The border is unclear. Limestones gray, white, close-grained,
pelitomorphic organogenic-detrital at the base (bioclastic grainstone), platy (3-10 sm) or massive-
bedded, pore, cavernous, interbedded remains of Tubiphytes, foraminifers, bivalves, brachiopods and
geophytes. Thickness is 11 m.
To the west Filippovian formation is covered with evaporites of Irenian formation. Irenian
formation in the west wing of the Umian shaft is represented by four thick members of gypsum
and anhydrite: ledyanopeshcherian, shalasniskian, demidkovian, lunezhskian. They interchange with
carbonate members nevolinian, yolkinskian and tuyskian. Gypsum-anhydrite masses lack organic remains
and differ by the location relatively to the carbonate members which play role of marking substages.
Excursion “Kungur Ice Cave”
Kungur Ice Cave is situated on the right bank of Sylva River in the eastern suburb of Kungur town.
Cave was formed at the base of the gypsum-anhydrite ice-cave member of Irenian formation. In the grotto
Vyshka-1, Vyshka-2 and Kosmichesky ceilings reach the rst carbonate member (Nevolinian member).
Entrance to the cave is situated at the bottom of the rocky bench of 25 m height (g.22). In the
rocky outcrops there is the following sequence of (according to the Guidebook, 1991 г.).
Irenian substage
Irenian formation
Ledyanopeshcherian member
1. Anhydrite bluish-gray with argillaceous-dolomite traces, massive. Thickness is 20 m.
2. White gypsum. Thickness is 4 m.
Nevolinian member
3. Dolomite gray, organogenic-oolitic, ne-bedded. Thickness is 2.33 m.
The rest part of the section is observed 70 to the east from the entrance to the cave. (g. 22)
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Fig. 22. Ledyanaya Gora section
4. Dolomite gray with inclusions of gypsum crystals, ne-bedded. Thickness is 1.3 m.
5. Dolomite gray, middle-bedded with cores of brachiopods. Thickness is 1.3 m.
6. Gypsum white, weatherworn. Thickness is 6.5 m.
7. Dolomite gray, dark-gray, ne-bedded. Thickness is 0.5 m.
8. Dolomite light-gray, oolitic. Thickness is 0.3 m.
9. Dolomite from light-gray to dark-gray, with inclusions of gypsum. Thickness is 1.85 m.
10. Dolomite yellowish-gray with ostracodes. Thickness is 0.2 m.
In the dolomites of Nevolinian member there are foraminifers (28%), ostracodes, bivalves (6.5 %),
brachiopods (47%) found. in the Nevolinian member there are 170 species of invertebrate mentioned.
A renewal of the fauna is observed compared to Filippovian substage.
Shalasniskian member
11. Gypsum light-gray, almost, massive. Thickness is 16.5 m.
1. International congress “Permian System of the Planet Earth”. Guidebook of geological
excursions. Part 3. Permian geological system of Perm Pre-Urals. Part. Sverdlovsk, 1991. 152 p.
2. Guidebook of excursions on lower Permian sediments on the rivers Kosva, Sylva, Kama. Perm
region. Perm, 1974. 102 p.
3. Chuvashov B.I., Chernykh V.V. Filippovskyan quarry / Geological monuments of Perm region:
Encyclopeda / Edited by. I.I.. Chaikovsky. / Mountain institute Ural department of Russian
Academy of Sciences Perm, 2009. p. 123–128.
34
August 17 — 19
GUBAKHA SECTION
UPPER TOURNAISIAN
KIZELOVSKIAN
AND KOSVINSKIAN
SUBSTAGES
Edited by
G.Yu. Ponomareva¹, I.S. Khopta¹
¹Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
The Gubakha Section is visible from the local hotel complex. It is located on the right bank of
the Kosva River near to the highway bridge, represents railway cutting between the Upper and Lower
Gubakha. It is geologically located to the east of the Main Kizel Anticline fold axis. It is composed of
argillites with interbedded siltstone and limestone of the upper part of the Tournasian stage. Rocks of
Tournasian stage are conformable with the Famennian. Given the complexity of the tectonic structure
of this section, and to improve the ease in understanding the stratigraphy, Smirnov G.A. gives the
names of some rocky outputs: Sisters, Ruslan and Lyudmila, Large tent, Slab.
The most ancient layers compose of the cliffs Sisters, Ruslan and the axial part folds in the
cliff Large tent, they belong to the top of the Kizelovsky substage, represented by limestone with
interbedded clastic rocks. Brownish-gray limestone, organogenic-detrital, have medium to heavy
bedding, with interbedded argillites containing abundant fauna typical of Kizel’s foraminifera, including
corals and brachiopods. In cliff Large tent the limestone up the section is replaced by calcareous
argillites with interbedded quartz siltstone and coal. Where argillites are identied, rare trilobites,
bivalves, brachiopods and corals are identied in a state of poor preservation. These are dened by
complex spores. In section use marking by guidebook (1972). At the Kizelovsky substage there are
beds 39-32 with a total thickness of 27.7 m.
Kosvinsky substage is associated with a gradual transition Kizel, exposed in the cliff Lyudmila
and in the wings of the anticline Large tent.
35
August 17 — 19 GUBAKHA SECTION
Beds 31-30. Limestone gray organogenic-detrital, tolstosloistye, with inclusions and interbedded
int, characterized by a complex of foraminifera, corals and brachiopods. Thickness 11,1m.
Beds 29-18. Terrigenous strata, tends to lean on the limestone cliff Large tent. calcareous Argillite
with occasional thin interbeds of quartz siltstone, dolomite limestone and clay, have been shown
to contain remains of brachiopods, foraminifers, corals tabulyatnyh. In the argillites base sequences,
clearly dened complex spores identify the Kosvinsky substage. Thickness of 35 m.
Directly to the east and stratigraphic ally above (beds 17-14) there is over 100 m of exposed quartz
siltstones and sandstones with interbedded coals containing Lower Visean (radaevsky) complex spores.
All thickness gathered in small disharmonic folds are complicated by tectonic fractures. In the
east it is bounded by plane thrust in allochthon that extends the limestones with subordinate interlayer
of siltstone allocated as titled "Slab" (beds 7-3). They form a series of rocky outcrops in the eastern
section and contain a rich fauna of brachiopods, corals, and foraminifera, are compared with those of
the limestone cliff Large tent.
1. Guidebook of stratigraphic excursions to Carboniferous the Urals. The western slope of the
Middle Urals, Kosva route. Perm, 1972. 110 p.
Fig. 23. Scheme of Gubakha section
36
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Stop 3
KHOLODNY LOG
SECTION
GZHELIAN
ASSELIAN
STRATOTYPE OF
KHOLODNOLOGIAN
SUBSTAGE
G.Yu. Ponomareva¹, A.S. Alekseev², T.N. Isakova ³, O.L. Kossovaya
4
¹Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
²Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Leninskie gory St. 1, Russia
³Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences,
110017 Moscow, Pyzhevsky per. 7, Russia
4
Karpinsky All-Russia Research Geological Institute of
Russian Academy of Sciences,
199106 St. Petersburg, Sredny Pr. 74, Russia
The Kholodny Log (Cold Ravine) section is a stratotype of the Kholodhologian Regional Substage
of the Asselian Stage and a parastratotype of some fusulinoid zones. The section is located on the
east ank of the Main Kizel anticline. It is situated on the right bank of the Kos’va River 5 kilometers
upstream from the Gubakha railway station. It is represented by rocky outcrops up to 120 meters high
on both sides of the ravine.
The layers have a south-east fall of 100 – 120° with an angle of 12-20 °. In the outcrop there are
carbonate rocks of the Gzhelian Stage and Asselain Stage (Kholodnologian and Shikhanian Regional
Substages) of the Cisuralian series, the Permian System. The description of the section was published
by O.A. Shcherbakov et al. (1972), Permian part of the section was studied in detail by V.P. Zolotov,
Yu. A. Ekhlakov and Y. Provorov (1974). Subsequently, the description has been supplemented and
corrected (Ekhlakov, Zolotov, 1986; Ekhlakov in "Guide …", 2010; Vilesov, 2000).
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The Lower Permian deposits of the Kos’va River is a good example of the entire succession of
the fusulinid complexes which contain both elements of the South Uralian assemblages and the genera
and species of "northern type". The boundary of the Carboniferous and Permian systems is studied
in detail in Outcrop 24. There is almost entirely open Melekhovian Regional Substage (Gzhelian).
The lower part of the Kholodnologian Regional Stage is also exposed. The latest description of the
outcrop with detailed bed-by-bed sampling for fusulinids was carried out in 1996–1999 by А.П. Vilesov
(Vilesov, 2000). Below there are mostly results of these investigations. Results of the sequences study
and microfacies analysis of the section were published at the same time by Izart et al., 1999.
Carboniferous System.
Upper Series
Gzhelian Stage
Melekhovian Regional Stage
Ultradaixina bosbytauensis - Globifusulina robusta Standard Zone
Occidentoschwagerina ancestralis local zones
Outcrop 24 (g. 24).
Bed 1. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, algal-detrital, or bryozoan-crinoid-detrital ne-grained
limestone. In the upper part the limestone is slightly bituminous. Limestone is solid and massive-
bedded. Fossil remains include calcareous algae, small foraminifers, reticulate and branched bryozoans,
solitary corals, crinoids, brachiopods. Schwagerinids are rare. Among them are: Globifusulina
vozhgalensis biconica (Poloz.), G. tumifacta (Echlak. Et Scherb.), G. robusta (Raus.), G. pechorica
(Volozh.), Occidentoschwagerina ancestralis Echlak., O. acerba Vilesov. Thickness is 4.9 m.
Fig. 24. Position the lower boundary of the Permian system in the outcrop 24 of the Kholodny log section.
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Fig. 25. Distribution of fusulinids in Outcrop 24 at the Kholodny Log section.
1-7 limestones: 1 - massively and heavy-bedded, algal, 2 - massively and heavy-bedded limestone with
Palaeoaplysina, 3 –association Palaeoaplysina and algae, 4 - detrital, 5 - mud-detrital, 6 - medium and thin-layer,
bituminous, clay, 7 - fusulinids; 8 - medium and thin-layer dolomite; 9 - dolomitic limestone; 10 - bryozoans; 11 -
crinoids; 12 - point sampling for fusulinids; 13 - number and thickness of the layer, m; 14 - covered areas and scree.
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Stop 3 KHOLODNY LOG SECTION
Occidentoschwagerina konovalovae local zone
Bed 2. Yellowish- gray and yellowish-light gray, algal-palaeoaplisina limestone. It is strongly
fractured and massive bedded. It includes calcareous algae Globuliferoporella symmetrica (John.),
Pseudoepimastopora sp., Giroporella dissecta Tchuv. Small foraminifera are represented by Tetrataxis sp.,
Ammovertella sp., Climacammina sp., Globivalvulina sp.. Fauna remains include crinoids, brachiopods,
gastropods, branched bryozoans. Schwagerinids are numerous in the upper part: Globifusulina aff.
pomposa (Sjom.), G. cf. tumifacta (Echlak. et Scherb.), G. versabile (Bensh), Rugosochusenella simplex
(Mikh.), Triticites (?) fornicatus (Kan.), T. (?) subschwagerinoides grandis (Grozd.), T. (?) uniensis (Grozd.
et Leb.), T. kreekensis Thom., Occidentoschwagerina cf. simplex (Volozh.), O. konovalovae Vilesov,
Praepseudofusulina propria (I. Thern.). Thickness is 2.5 m.
Bed 3. Gray, light gray limestone, rarely foraminiferal-algae, with abundant and varied detritus.
Cement is thin- and ne-grained, massive and porous. In the upper part of the bed, the limestone is
weakly bituminous. Fossils: calcareous algae Globuliferoporella sp., Pseudoepimastopora sp., Epimastopora
grandis Tchuv. et Anf., Giroporella sp., Tubiphytes sp .; small foraminifera Ammovertella sp., Bradyina
sp., Climacammina sp., Tikhinella sp., Mesolasiodiscus sp . Among the others: solitary rugose corals,
brachiopods, crinoids, branching and reticulate bryozoans. Schwagerinids: Globifusulina vozhgalensis
Raus., G. tumifacta Echlak. et Scherb., G. versabile (Bensh), G. berestyankica (Vilesov), Rugosochusenella
simplex (Mikh.), R. paragregaria (Raus.), Triticites (?) fornicatus Kanmera, T. (?) subschwagerinoides f.
grandis (Grozd.), Tr. cf. uniensis Grozd. et Leb., Occidentoschwagerina ancestralis Echlak., O. alpina
(Kahler et Kahler), O. kosvaensis Echlak., O. echlakovi Vil., O. a. simplex (Volozh.), O. konovalovae
Vilesov, Rugosofusulina subundulata Sjom., R. cf. aktjubensis Raus., Praepseudofusulina impersepta (Jagof.),
P. netkatchensis (Ketat), P. fastuosa (Ketat), Anderssonites triangulates (Zol.), Pseudofusulina (?) aff. diserta
Scherb. Thickness - 7,0 м.
Bed 4. Dark gray algal detrital indistinctly laminated limestone with ne-grained cement. In the
lower part, the limestone is clayey and bituminous. At the top, it is silicied and dolomitized. Fossil
remains include calcareous algae, small foraminifera (Bradyina, Ammodiscoides), large solitary rugose
corals, tabulate, brachiopods. Schwagerinids: Anderssonites ognevae Vil. Thickness is 1.2 m.
The most numerous fauna in biohermal limestone of the Melekhovian Regional Substage of the
Kholodny Log section is represented by swelled thin shells bearing a weak septal folding, thin walled
juvenarium and wide outer volutions: Occidentoschwagerina Genus and Triticites (?) fornicates Group.
Permian System
Cisuralian Series
Asselian Stage
Sphaeroschwagerina vulgaris – S. fusiformis Zone
Bed 5. Gray and light gray organogenic detrital limestone. It is thin- to medium-grained, thick-
bedded and highly recrystallized. At the bottom, there is brownish-gray, crinoid-fusulinoid limestone
interlayer of 0.20 m thick. Fossil remains: calcareous algae, palaeoaplisina, small foraminifera, crinoids,
brachiopods, tabulates. Schwagerinids are recrystallized and deformed. The assemblage includes:
Schwagerina sp., Anderssonites cognatus (Echlak.), Schellwienia biconica (Scherb.), Pseudofusulinoides ex gr.
kljasmicus (Sjom.), Pseudofusulina (?) ex gr. ascherinensis Sjom., Ps. (?) voseiskensis Konov., Globifusulina
nibelensis (Vol.). Thickness is 5,0 м.
Bed 6. Dark gray to black, organogenic-detrital limestone with ne-grained cement, bituminous,
micro and thin-bedded, with the remains of algae, Syringopora tabulate colonies, numerous crinoids
(often large fragments of stems), brachiopods, branched bryozoans and Tubiphytes sp. The assemblage
of numerous Schwagerinids includes: Schwagerina sp., Sch. poljarica (Grozd.), Schellwienia uberata
(Kon.), Rugosofusulina subundulata Sjom., R. cf. burkemensis Vol., Rugosochusenella shustovensis (Scherb.),
R. paragregaria (Raus.), Pseudofusulinoides ex gr. kljasmicus (Sjom.), Pseudofusulina (?) ex gr. ascherinensis
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Fig. 27. Kholodny Log section. View of the outcrops beds 24 and 18, where the border Carboniferous and Permian systems
Fig. 26. The draft of western part of the Kholodny Log section (outcrop 415 on materials of O.A. Shcherbakov (1972) and outcrops 24 and 22 (Zolotova et al., 1974))
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Sjom., P. (?) netchaevi Dav., P. (?) signata Kon., P. (?) vosejskensis Kon., Benshella subnathorsti (Lee),
Anderssonites cognatus (Echlak.), A. gregarius (Lee), Globifusulina uxa (Grozd.), G. sphaeroidea (Raus.), G.
a. nibelensis (Vol.). Thickness is 7.0 m.
Study of stratigraphic distribution of Schwagerinids in the Gzhelian – Asselian boundary
deposits in the vicinity of Gubakha town enabled A.P. Vilesov to identify local fusulinid zones and
correlate them with local zonal subdivisions of the South Urals and southern Timan. Representatives
of Occidentoschwagerina and Schwagerina were selected as zonal index species. This option allows
justifying the position of the Gzhelian - Asselian boundary based on phylogeny of Schwageriniidae
in the transition from Occidentoschagerina to Schwagerina. In species transition, the boundary is
within the phylogenetic lineage Occidentoschwagerina ancestralis Echlak. → O. konovalovae Vilesov →
Schwagerina fusiformis Krotow.
In the same location, there are small outcrops near the water edge at the base of the slope, with
section markings according to O.A. Shcherbakov et al. (1972). The Carboniferous – Permian deposits
are easily accessible there.
Carboniferous System
Upper Series (= Upper Pennsylvanian)
Gzhelian Stage
Noginskian Substage
Daixina sokensis Zone
Outcrop 415, Bed 13. Light gray, organogenic, palaeoaplysina thick- and massive-bedded
limestone. Some interlayers are crinoid. Fauna remains include: fusulinid, solitary rugose corals,
tabulates, small brachiopods, reticular and branched bryozoans. Fusulinids: Profusulinella annae
(Grozd.), P. pulchra (Raus et Bel.), P. mesopachys Raus et Bel., Rauserites stuckenbergi Raus., R. rossicus
(Schel.), R. pseudoarcticus Raus., R. dictyophorus Ros ., Daixina cf. sokensis (Raus.), D. cf. enormis Scherb.,
D. timanensis atypica Zol., D. recava Zol., Anderssonites anderssoni (Schel.), Pseudofusulina eliseevi Z.
Mikh. Thickness is 4.2 m.
Outcrop 415, beds 14, 15. Light gray organogenic and palaeoaplysina limestone. Structure is
massive. Remains of crinoids and brachiopods are rare. At the bottom, there is brownish-gray dolomite
with residual organogenic structure, calcareous and medium-bedded. Remains of small brachiopods
and solitary rugose corals occur. Fusulinids: Profusulinella annae (Grozd.), P. usvae (Dutk.), P. obtusa
(Grozd.), Triticites karlensis Ros., T. panteleevi Raus., T. dictyophorus Ros. Jigulites longus Ros., J. longus
Ros., J. cf. jigulensis Raus., Daixina sakmarensis Ros., D. cf. sokensis (Raus.), D. cf. enormis Scherb.,
Anderssonites subovata (Kon.), Pseudofusulina ascherinensis Sjom., Ps. excessa Alksne, Ps. fusina Scherb.
Thickness is 5.9 m. Further eastwards 39.4 m are grass-covered.
Daixina sokensis Zone
Outcrop 415, Bed 16. Dark gray, ne-grained, calcareous, argillaceous, laminated dolomite with
remnants of rugose corals Fomichevella sp., brachiopods, crinoids, fusulinids Daixina ex gr. tchernovi
Z. Mikh. Thickness is 1.0 m. 17.2 m are grass-covered.
Melekhovian Substage, Daixina bosbytauensis – Globifusulina robusta Zone.
Outcrop 415, Bed 17. Light gray, organogenic, palaeoaplysina, crinoid-palaeoaplysina-crinoid,
partly dolomitized limestone. Structure is massive. Fauna remains include crinoids, brachiopods
Dielasma sp., bryozoans, solitary rugose corals. Fusulinids: Triticites cf. uniensis Grozd. et Leb., T.
cf. astus Grozd., Rugosofusulina akjubensis Raus., R. cf. praevia Schlyk., R. agregia Schlyk., R. ex gr.
stabilis Raus., R. pandae Volozh., Daixina robusta (Raus.), D. robusta raznicini (Volozh.), D. vozhgalensis
(Raus.), D. pomposa (Sem.), Rugosochusenella paragregaria (Raus.), R. pechorica (Volozh.), Anderssonites
aff. anderssoni (Schel.), Occidentoschwagerina sp. Thickness 20,0 m.
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Carboniferous – Permian boundary deposits are exposed upstream the Kos’va River. In 2014, we
cleaned and measured part of the section labeled "Layer 18" outcropped near the water edge of the
Kos’va River. It was sampled for conodonts and fusulinids. The interval is subdivided into 4 beds (up
the section) (Fig. 28).
Carboniferous System
Upper Series
Gzhelian Stage
Melekhovian Regional Substage
Ultradaixina bosbytauensis – U. robusta Zone
Layer 1 is located at the top of Bed 17 described above (it corresponds to the upper part of Bed
3, Outcrop 24 according to Y.A. Ekhlakov, 2010 and Vilesov, 2000).
Limestone is light gray, algal-palaeoaplysina, massive, with the remains of solitary corals,
bryozoans, brachiopods. Foraminifers: Daixina robusta robusta Raus., Daixina robusta aff. raznicini
Volozh., Daixina cf. vozhgalensis Raus., Pseudofusulina ex gr. cognata Echl., Rugosofusulina aktjubensis
Raus., Rauserites sp., Occidentoschwagerina ex gr. simplex Vol., Lateenoglobivalvulina nassichuki (Pinard
et Mamet), Schubertella sphaerica Sul., Schubertella ex gr. paramelonica Sul., Tetrataxis bashkirica Mor.,
Bradyina lucida Mor. Penetrated bed thickness is 0.53 m.
Permian System
Cisuralian Series
Asselian Stage
Kholodnologian Regional Substage
Sphaeroschwagerina vulgaris – Sph. fusiformis Zone
Layer 2 is at the base of Bed 18 (corresponds to the bottom of Bed 4, Outcrop 24 according to
Y.A. Ekhlakov, 2010, A. Vilesov 2000). Dark gray to black organogenic detrital, or organogenic clastic,
clayey and bituminous limestone. The latter contains hydromica fragments. Cement is ne-grained.
There is abundant carbonaceous detritus in the form of akes and plates with fusinizated particles of
humus, with inclusions of iron hydroxides. The limestone is micro- and thin-bedded. In the middle
part, the structure is thick-bedded (one interlayer is up to 0.40 m). At the top, the limestone is foliated.
Fig. 28. Position lower boundary of the Permian system in Kholodny Log section on cleared fields
with marks PPI "415-18" near the water's edge Kosva River.
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Organic content in the foliated part is 0.5–1% up to 2%. Faunal remains are represented by algae
Tubiphytes sp., foraminifers, brachiopods, branched bryozoans, small solitary rugose corals, tabulates,
gastropods, rare ophiuroids, and echinoderm spines. Foraminifers in the middle part: Rugosochusonella
paragregaria (Raus.), Pseudofusulina cognata Echl., Ps. cf. dissimilis Scherb., Daixina robusta robusta
Raus., Quasifusulina longissima Moell., Schubertella ex gr. paramelonica Sul., Schubertella sphaerica Sul.,
Nodosinelloides ex gr. nechajevi (Tcherd.), Lateenoglobivalvulina nassichuki (Pinard et Mamet), Deckerella
elegans Mor., Climacammina aff. bashkadakensis Mor., Cl. gigas Sul., Bradyina major Mor., B. lucida
Mor., Pseudoendothyra sp. At the top the following species are found: Schwagerina (?) sp. pressed,
Rugosochusonella gregaria inconstans (Scherb.), Rugosochusonella paragregaria (Raus.), Globifusulina cf.
nux (Schellw.), Nodosinelloides nechajevi (Tcherd.), N. conspecies (Mor.), N. aff. longissimus (Sul.), N.
aff. grandis (Mor.), Climacammina bashkadakensis Mor. Conodonts – Adetognathus sp. (1 specimen). The
occurrence of Adethognathus evidenced the extremely shallow water environments. Thickness is 0.85 m.
Layer 3 (corresponds to the upper part of Bed 4 of Outcrop 24 according to Y.A. Ekhlakov,
10). Brownish-gray limestone. At the top it is gray organogenic detritus with ne-grained cement. The
limestone is dolomitizied, bituminous and weakly silicied. The structure is medium and thick-bedded
(10-34 cm). Remains of tabulates, solitary rugose corals, brachiopods, crinoids occur. Foraminifers:
Nodosinelloides sp., Globivalvulina sp. Conodonts were not found. Thickness is 1.5 m.
Layer 4. Limestone is black crinoid-polidetrital strongly bituminous, with characteristic smell,
stratied, with the remains of brachiopods and branched bryozoans. Thickness is 0.5 m.
Layer 5 (corresponds to the bottom of Bed 5, Outcrop 24 according to Y. A. Ekhlakov, 2010). Gray,
organogenic-detrital, palaeoaplysina limestone. Structure is massive. Remains of algae Tubiphites sp.
were found. Foraminifers: Pseudofusulina cognata Echl., Pseudofusulina antropovi Malk., Pseudofusulina
ex gr. fecunda Sham. et Scherb., Daixina dualis Echl., Rugosofusulina aktjubensis Raus., Schubertella
transitoria Staff et Wed., Climacammina ex gr. gigas Sul., Climacammina praecursor Mor., Bradyina cf.
major Mor. Penetrated bed thickness is 1.0 м.
The section of the Kholodnologian Regional stage is increased with organogenic detrital,
fusulinid, palaeoaplysina and algal limestone of outcrops 22 and 23 situated on the eastern slope of
the Kholodny Log. Deposits lie along the Kos’va River. Description of Outcrop 22 was given by Y.A.
Ekhlakov (2010).
Fig. 29. Eastern part of the Kholodny Log section.
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Outcrop 22
Bed 0. Gray fusulinid-crinoid limestone with rare palaeoaplysina and Tubiphytes. Fusulinids:
Triticites thompsoni Grozd., Rugosofusulina alpina (Schell.), R. pseudovalida Volozh., R. burkemensis
Volozh., Daixina rosovskayae Volosh., Schwagerina ex gr. vulgaris Scherb., Schw. kolvica Scherb., Schw.
ex gr. fusiformis Krot., Pseudofusulina anderssoni (Schellw.), Ps. pseudoanderssoni Sjom., Ps. paragregaria
Raus., Ps.cognata Echlak., Ps. barkhatovae Grozd., Ps. ex gr. gregaria (Lee). Thickness is 4.0 m.
Bed 1. Light gray, almost white with a yellowish tinge palaeoaplysina limestone. Structure is massive,
with joint blocks, thin cavernous. Remnants of fusulinid, echinoderm spines and plates, brachiopods,
crinoids and algae segments are recorded in the deposits. Following fusulinids were identied: Daixina
gracilis Sjom., Pseudofusulina cognata Echlak., Ps. a. gregaria (Lee), Ps. regularis (Schell.). Thickness is 8.9 m.
Bed 2. Light gray organogenic detrital, crinoid limestone with remains of rare fusulinids and
and large brachiopods. Fusulinids: Daixina cf. rosovskayae Volozh., Pseudofusulina cf. krotowi (Schell.).
Thickness is 0.9 m.
Bed 3. Gray with brownish tinge limestone. At the bottom, there is palaeoaplysina limestone, at
the top, crinoid and crinoid-fusulinid limestone. It is massive-bedded. Deposits contain small solitary
rugose corals, gastropods, branched bryozoans, brachiopods and fusulinids with thinly plicate wall.
Fusulinids: Triticites (?) sp., Pseudofusulina ex gr. gregaria (Lee). Thickness is 2.5m.
Bed 4. Gray with brownish tinge organogenic-detrital limestone. It is small- and medium grained
and ne-cavernous. The caverns are partially lled with calcite. The limestone contains remains of
branching tabulate, small solitary rugose corals, reticulate bryozoans, brachiopods (Martinia sp.),
stems of crinoids, and fusulinids. Fusulinid assemblage includes: Rugosofusulina cf. pandae Volozh.,
Schwagerina fusiformis Krot., Schw. fusiformis crassa Scherb., Schw. fusiformis elongata Bensh., Schw.
vulgaris vulgaris Scherb., Pseudofusulina aff. rhomboides Sham. et Scherb. Thickness is 1.5m.
Bed 5. Dark brownish-gray, almost black fusulinidal, partly algal, clayey, and bituminous limestone.
Some interlayers are foliated. Fossil remains include solitary rugose corals, tabulate, small brachiopods,
tubular algae and fusulinids. Assemblage of fusulinids includes: Quasifusulina cayeuxi (Deprat),
Schubertella ex gr. sphaerica Sul., Sch. ex gr. kingi Dunb. et Skin., Rugosofusulina stabilis Raus., R. a.
stabilis longa Raus., R. dastarensis Bensh., R. cf. burkemensis Volozh., R. cf. pandae Volozh., Schwagerina
vulgaris vulgaris Scherb., Schw. belajaensis Grozd., Schw. fusiformis Krot., Pseudofusulina subnathorsti
(Lee), Ps. ex gr. paragregaria Raus., Ps. cf. krotovi (Schell.). Thickness is 1.6 m.
Bed 6. Dark gray with brownish tinge limestone. Some interlayers are clayey and bituminous.
Remnants of fusulinids, solitary corals, tabulate, gastropods, rare brachiopods were found. Fusulinids:
Schubertella sphaerica Sul., Rugosofusulina angustospiralis Scberb., R. stabilis longa Raus., R. stabilis
stabilis Raus., R. pandae Volozh., Schwagerina vulgaris vulgaris Scherb., Schw. lagitima Grozd., Schw. cf.
fusiformis Krot., Pseudofusulina paragregaria paragregaria Raus., Ps. ex gr. rhomboides Sham. et Scherb.
Rugose corals: Bothrophyllum sp., Ferganophyllum sp. Brachiopods: Jurusania jurusanensis (Tschern.),
Dictyoclostus sp., Stenoscisma mutabilis (Tschern.). Thickness is 2.4 m.
Sphaeroschwagerina moelleri – Pseudofusulina fecunda Zone
Bed 7. Dark gray almost black fusulinid limestone with Quasifusulina cayeuxi (Deprat), Q. ex
gr. longissima (Moell.), Schwagerina lagitima Grozd., Schw. shamovi gerontica Scherb., Pseudofusulina
subnathorsti (Lee), Ps. cf. sphaeroidea Raus., Ps. rhomboides Sham. et Scherb., Ps. gregaria var. shustovensis
Scherb., Ps. cf. portentosa Sham., Ps. barkhatovae Grozd. Thickness is 0.6 m.
Bed 8–9. Light gray- and gray, algae, fusulinidal limestone. At the base, it is fusulinid- bryozoan,
medium-bedded with remains of brachiopods, gastropods and tabulate. Fusulinids: Rugosofusulina serrata
Raus., R. ex gr. prisca (Ehrenb. emend. Moell.) R. burkemensis Volozh., Schwagerina sр., Pseudofusulina
nux (Schell.), Ps. barkhatovae Grozd., Ps. paragragaria paragregaria Raus., Ps. anderasoni galinae Volozh.,
Ps. cf. fecunda Sham. et Scherb., Ps. cf. paradoxa Sham. et Scherb., Ps. ex gr. rhomboides Sham. et Scherb.
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Thickness is 10.2 m.
Bed 10–11. Gray and light gray crinoid-fusulinidal and fusulinidal limestone. It is thick- and
thin-bedded. At the top, the limestone is ne-cavernous. In Bed 10, there are bluish siliceous nodules
of irregular shape. Numerous fusulinids, segments of crinoids, branched and reticular bryozoans,
rare brachiopods, solitary and fasciculate rugose corals, massive and fasciculate tabulate colonies, and
algae were found. Fusulinids: Fusulinella (Pseudofusulinella) pulchra Raus. et Bel., Qussifusulina cayeuxi
(Deprat), Schubertella sphaerica Sul., Sch. ex gr. klngi Dunb. et Skin., Rugosofusulina sp., Pseudofusulina
anderssoni galinae Volozh., Ps. caudata Raus., Ps. globulus Raus., Ps. nux (Schell), Ps. sphaeroidea Raus.,
Ps. subnathorsti (Lee), Ps. krotowi (Schell.), Tabulates: Syringopora sp. Rugose corals: Tschussovskenia
vesiculosa Dobr. Thickness is 6.0 m.
Bed 12–15. Light gray with brownish tinge and gray algae limestone. Some interlayers are
organogenic detrital, thick-bedded with rare light gray siliceous nodules. Remnants of fusulinid,
solitary and fasciculate rugose corals, tabulates, and crinoid stems occur. Fusulinids: Quasifusulina
longissima (Moell.), Schubertella sphaerica Sul., Sch. kingi exilis Sul., Triticites subschwagerinoides Grozd.,
Schwagerina moelleri Raus., Pseudofusulina cf. accurata Volozh., Ps. caudata Raus., Ps. nux (Schell.), Ps.
sphaeroidea Raus., Ps. fecunda suleimanovi Sham. et Scherb., Ps. ex gr. rhomboides Sham. et Scherb.,
Ps. paragregaria Raus., Ps. conspecta Sham. et Scherb. Fasciculate rugose corals: Tschussovskenia (?) sp.
Thickness is 8.3 m.
Shikhanian Regional Substage is identied in the Sphaeroschwagerina sphaerica – Pseudofusulina
rma Zone. It is outcropped in the upper part of the slope (outcrops 29, 25, Fig. 29).
1. Guidebook of the stratigraphic excursion to Carboniferous deposits of the Urals. Western slope
of the Central Urals, Kosva trip. Perm, 1972. 110 р.
2. Ekhlakov Yu.A. “Kholodny Log” section / Guidebook of the geological excursion to the type
Carboniferous and Permian sections. Kosva trip. / Perm. State Univ. Perm, 2010. Р. 19–23.
3. Ekhlakov Yu.A., Zolotova V.P. Section of Carboniferous and Permian boundary deposits on the
Kosva and Beryozovaya rivers // Carboniferous and Permian boundary deposits of the Urals,
Cisurals and Central Asia. M. Nauka, 1986. Р. 12–18.
4. Izart, A., Kossovaya, O.,Vachard, D.,Vaslet, D. (1999) Stratigraphy, sedimentology and sequence
stratigraphy of the Early Permian along the Kosva River (Gubakha area, Central Urals, Russia).
Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 170: 799-820
5. Vilesov A.P. Zonal subdivisions of the Melekhovian Regional Stage (Upper Carboniferous,
Gzhelian Stage) of the Permian Cisurals from fusulinids. / Stratigraphy. Geological correlation. V.
8, No 5, 2000. M: Nauka. Р. 29–42.
6. Zolotova V.P., Ekhlakov Yu.A., Provorov Yu.A. “Kholodny Log” section / Guidebook of the
excursion to Lower Permian deposits on the Kosva, Cylva and Kama rivers. Perm. 1974. P. 25–34.
7. Vilesov A.P. Schwagerinids of Kholodnologian Substage of the Asselian Stage, the Lower Permian,
in the Permian Cisurals Perm, 1997. 240 p. Stock reference of Department of Regional and Oil
and Gas Geology Perm State National Research University (manuscript).
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Fusulinids from the Kholodny Log section. Scale 1 mm.
Fig. 1. Occidentoschwagerina konovalovae Vilesov in Vilesov, 2000; holotype № 24-2-3/3, axial section, Outcrop 24,
Bed 2; Melekhovian Substage (Gzhelian).
Fig. 2. Triticites (?) subschwagerinoides f. grandis (Grozdilova) in Vilesov, 2000; No 24-2-2/6, axial section, Outcrop 24,
Bed 2; Melekhovian Substage (Gzhelian).
Fig. 3. Rugosochusenella simplex (Z. Mikhailova), in Vilesov, 2000; No 24-3-3/17, axial section, Outcrop 24, Bed 3;
Melekhovian Substage (Gzhelian).
Fig. 4. Occidentoschwagerina echlakovi Vilesov in Vilesov, 2000; holotype No 24-2-2/5, axial section, Outcrop 24, Bed
2; Melekhovian Substage (Gzhelian).
Fig. 5. Rugosofusulina aktjubensis Raus., in Vilesov, 2000; No 24-3-8/3, subaxial section, Outcrop 24, Bed 3;
Melekhovian Substage (Gzhelian).
Fig. 6. Schwagerina kolvica Scherbovich in Vilesov, 1997; No 3034 – collection of Yu.A. Ekhlakov, axial section,
Outcrop 22, Bed 0; Kholodnologian Substage (Asselian).
Fig. 7. Globifusulina nibelensis (Volozhanina) in Vilesov, 1997; No 24-5-5/1, axial section, Outcrop 24, Bed 5;
Kholodnologian Substage (Asselian).
Fig. 8. Pseudofusulina (?) voseiskensis Konovalova in Vilesov, 1997; No 24-5-9/16, axial section, Outcrop 24, Bed 5;
Kholodnologian Substage (Asselian).
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Fusulinids from the Asselian of the Kholodny Log section. Scale 1mm.
Fig. 1. Anderssonites gregarious (Lee) in Vilesov, 1997; No 24-5-5/5, axial section, Outcrop 24, Bed 5; Kholodnologian
Substage.
Fig. 2. Pseudofusulina (?) cognata Echlakov in Vilesov, 1997; No 24-5-3/1, axial section, Outcrop 24, Bed 5;
Kholodnologian Substage.
Fig. 3. Rugosofusulina gubachica Echlakov et Vilesov in Vilesov, 1997; holotype No 24-5-9/17, axial section, Outcrop
24, Bed 5; Kholodnologian Substage.
Fig. 4. Schwagerina aff. kumajica Scherbovich in Vilesov, 1997; No 3234, collection of Yu.A. Ekhlakov, axial section,
Outcrop 22, Bed 4; Kholodnologian Substage.
Fig. 5. Schwagerina fusiformis Krotov in Vilesov, 1997; No 3236, collection of Yu.A. Ekhlakov, subaxial section, Outcrop
22, Bed 4; Kholodnologian Substage.
Fig. 6. Schwagerina shamovi Scherbovich in Vilesov, 1997; No 3220, collection of Yu.A. Ekhlakov, axial section,
Outcrop 22, Bed 7; Kholodnologian Substage.
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Stop 4
BELAYA GORA
SECTION
GZHELIAN
ASSELIAN
SAKMARIAN
ARTINSKIAN
Ju.A. Ekhlakov¹, A.S. Alekseev², O.L. Kossovaya³, G.Yu. Ponomareva
4
¹Kama Research Institute comprehensive research of deep and ultra-deep wells,
614016 Perm, Krasnophlotskaya st. 15, Russia
²
Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Leninskie gory St. 1, Russia
³
Karpinsky All-Russia Research Geological Institute of
Russian Academy of Sciences,
199106 St. Petersburg, Sredny Pr. 74, Russia
4
Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
Belaya Gora section is located on the right bank of the Kos’va River opposite the Belyi Island near
the railway bridge in the vicinity of the Gubakha town. It is represented by the cliff rock for the space
of over 1 km. The layers have a southwestern dip of 250-260º with a dip angle of 46-60º. Carbonate
deposits of the Upper Carboniferous Gzhelian Stage, upper Asselian, Sakmarian and Artinskian stages
of the Cis-Uralian Series of the Permian System are exposed in the section (Fig. 30, 31). Tectonically,
the section is in the west ank of the Main Kizel Anticline and the east ank of the Kos’vai Syncline.
Description is done stratigraphically bottom-upwards and downstream the river Kosva.
Shikhanian deposits are represented by shallowing upward sequence represented by small
foraminiferal wackstone-packstone-grainstone. Tastubian Substage was subdivided into two third
order sequences composed of small foraminiferal qackstone-grainstone-packstone with colonial
corals deposited in the inner ramp during the transgressive system tract. Palaeoaplysina small build-
ups – fusulinacean limestone deposited on the mid-ramp, fusulinacean limestone with colonial corals
deposited on mid-ramp during high system tract. Sterlitamakian represented by Palaeoaplysina small
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Stop 4 BELAYA GORA SECTION
Fig. 30. The begining of the Belaya Gora section near the railway bridge (Guidebook..., 1974)
build-ups-fusulinacean wackstone and bryozoan wack-packstone deposited in mid-ramp during
transgressive system tract and outer platform during maximal ooding period. During Sakmarian
and Artinskian the paleoenvironments evolve from mid-ramp to belt of build-ups, outer ramp and
turbidite basin with a migration of facies belt westwards (Izart et al., 1999)
Carboniferous System
Upper Series
Gzhelian Stage
Melekhovian Substage
Daixina bosbytauensis – Globifusulina robusta Zone
Upper Carboniferous is exposed in some rocky outcrops on the right bank of the Kosva River
near the railway bridge (g. 30). In the Belaya Gora section, the Melekhovian Substage is represented
by light gray, thick-bedded Palaeoaplysina limestone, a biostrome (Vilesov, 2002), which has a length
of about 400 m and a Thickness is of 13 m. The taxonomic composition of benthic assemblages
in the biostrome is poorer than in bioherms of the Kholodnyi Log section. The assemblage includes
foraminifers, palaeoaplysina, calcareous Pseudoepimastopora algae, rare brachiopods, bryozoans,
crinoids, gastropods. The Upper Carboniferous is exposed in the separate cliff outcrops on the left
bank of the Kos’va River near the railway bridge. Schwageriniid assemblage found by A.P. Vilesov in
the Palaeoaplysina biostromes of the Belaya Gora section includes ve genera: Praepseudofusulina,
Schelwienia, Anderssonites, Globifusulina, Pseudofusulinoides. The genetic impoverishment of the
assemblage is combined with essential species diversity of Praepseudofusulina, Schelwienia and
Globifusulina genera. All the types belong to the same environmental group – lithophilic benthos,
which lived on stony ground of the at bottom with active hydrodynamic regime. Rugose corals are
one of main components of the benthic association in this section.
The boundary of Carboniferous and Permian systems is not exposed. In 2012, all individual
rocky outcrops near the railway bridge were sampled for conodonts by O.L. Kossovaya (10 samples).
Conodonts were not found.
Permian System
Cisuralian Series
Asselian Stage
Shikhanian Substage
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Fig. 31. Stratigraphy of the Lower Permian in the Belaya Gora section (Ekhlakov, 2009)
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Beds 1-3 (g. 31, 32). Gray and dark gray, crinoid-algae, bituminous, thin- and medium bedded
limestone. At the top it is silicied. Limestone contains rare fusulinids, colonial and solitary, rugose
corals, gastropods, small brachiopods. Foraminifers: Tolypammina fraudulenta mоr., Bradyina
turgida Kon., Br.major var. ordinata Kon., Endothyra moelleri (Ozawa), Pseudoendothyra a. permiana
(Kon.), Ozawainella angulata (Col.), Schubertella sphaerica Sul., Rugosofusulina ex gr. shaktauensis Sul.,
Pseudofusulina sp., Nodosaria bella Lip., Cancrinella koninckiana (Vem.). Rugose corals: Protowentzelella
sp., Tschussovskenia minor Fed., Ferganophyllun uralicum Koss. Thickness is 11.9 m.
Beds 4–5. Light- and dark gray with brownish tinge partly crinoid limestone. With massive-
bedded structure. Some layers are silicied. Inclusions of calcite geodes are common. The limestone
includes fusulinids, solitary and colonial rugose corals (colonies are 1.0×0.1 m and 1.0×0.7 m), and
brachiopods. Foraminifers: Pseudoendothyra moelleri (Ozawa), P. pseudosphaeroidea (Dutk.), Ozawainella
ex gr. angulata (Col.), Bradyina major var. ordinata Kon., Br. subsphaerica var. milvica Kon., Glomospira
ovalis Kon.. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella vesiculosa (Porf.), Pr. byporiphaeum (Porf.), Pr. major (Dobr.).
Thickness is 12.9 m.
Bed 6. Light gray, slightly bituminous, crinoid-algae limestone with thick-bedded structure.
Some layers are gray with brownish tinge, ne-grained, highly bituminous. Some areas are silicied
with nodules of int, clay interlayers, thin-bedded. Fauna assemblage includes: foraminifers, solitary
rugose corals (diameter of corallite is 2 to 5 cm), large colonial rugose corals (colony is 2.0×0.6 m),
tabulates colonies, small brachiopods, gastropods. Identied: Psreudofusulina aff. polymorpha Sem.,
Schwagerina ex gr. moelleri Raus., Schw. sphaerica Scherb., Schw. sphaerica var. ovoides Scherb., Rugose
corals: Protowentzelella cystosum Dobr., Pr. major (Dobr.) (Plate 3). Thickness is 3,5 m.
Sakmarian Stage
Tastubian Substage
Pseudofusulina moelleri Zone
Bed 7. Limestone is dark gray with brownish tint, bituminous, partly foraminiferal-algae,
ne- grained. Some layers are crinoid-foraminiferal. Fauna remains include rare fusulinids, solitary
and colonial rugose corals and small brachiopods. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina moelleri (Schell.), Ps.
ex gr. moelleri (Schell.). Rugose corals: Protowentzelells major (Dobr.), Tschussovskenia captiosa Dobr.
Thickness is 7.3 m.
Beds 8–9. Dark gray with brownish tinge ne-grained bituminous limestone. Bedding is unclear.
Some layers are organogenic detrital. Siliceous nodules of loaf-like shape. Fusulinids occur mostly
in the upper part. Colonial and solitary corals are abundant. Colonies are 0.3×0.4 m. Reticular and
branched bryozoans, small brachiopods, gastropods also occur. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella simplex
Porf., Brachiopods: Liosotella septentrionalis (Tschern.), Phricodothyris pyriformis Раv1., Cleiothyridina
pectinifera (Sow.) Thickness is 17.1 m.
Beds 10–12. Gray and dark gray, bituminous limestone with unclear bedding. Large siliceous
nodules and lenses occur. Limestone hosts abundant fusulinids in the upper part. Fauna remains:
rare solitary corals with diameter up to 7 cm, large colonies of rugose corals, small tabulate colonies,
reticular bryozoans, brachiopods, and gastropods. Fusulinids: Fusulinella ex gr. pulchra Raus. et
Bel., Pseudofusulina ex gr. tschernyschewi (Schell.), Ps. tschernyschewi obtusa Grozd. et Leb., Ps. cf.
tschernyschewi oblonga Grozd. et Leb. Rugose corals Protowentzelella aseptatum (Dobr.), Pr. cystosum
(Dobr.) Brachipods: Calliprotonia sterlitamakensis (Step.), Krotovia curvirostris (Schell.), Liosotella
septentrionalis (Tschern.), Septacamera plicata (Kut.) Thickness is 11.0 m.
Bed 13. Gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, fusulinidae and crinoid-algae limestone. Structure
is massive-bedded. Solitary and colonial rugose corals (colony size is 0.7×0.3 m), tabulate, brachiopods,
and gastropods were found. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina ex gr. moelleri (Schell.), Ps. moelleri (Schell.),
Ps. aequalis (Schell.), Ps. moelleri implicata (Schell.), Ps. еx gr. sulcata Korzh., Ps. mirabilis Raus., Ps.
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blochini Korzh. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella aseptatum (Dobr.), Brachiopods: Septacamera plicata
(Kut.), Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shom.) Thickness is 10.0 m.
Bed 14. Light gray with brownish tinge, slightly bituminous, organogenic-detrital (crinoid-algae,
algal, foraminiferal, coral) limestone with thick bedding. Siliceous interlayers of 10 to 12 cm thick
occur. Fauna remains are represented by colonial rugose corals, gastropods, small brachiopods. Fusulinids:
Pseudofusulina moelleri (Schell.), Ps. ex gr. moelleri (Schell.), Ps. embolicus Jzot., Ps. ischimbajevi Korzh. Rugose
corals: Protowentzelella major (Dobr.), Pr. aseptatum (Dobr.), Pr. cf. regulare (Porf.). Thickness is 7.0 m.
Bed 15. Gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, medium- and massive-bedded limestone with
siliceous nodules of irregular shape. Fauna remains include: cerioid and fasciculate colonial rugose
corals, rare fusulinids, brachiopods, rare reticular bryozoans, and gastropods. Rugose corals: Tschussovskenia
captiosa Dobr. Brachiopods: Meekella recta Ivan., Derbyia regularis Waag. Thickness is 4.6 m.
Bed 16. Brownish-gray, bituminous, anisomerous medium-bedded limestone with streaks of
dark gray and strongly bituminous and silicied limestone. Bedding surfaces are wavy. Layers form
a microfold. Large solitary and colonial corals were found. Colonies are overturned. Fusulinids:
Pseudofusulina ex gr. blochini Korzh., Ps. aequalis (Schell.) Rugose corals: Protowentzelella hyporipaeum
(Porf.), Pr. cystosum Dobr., Pr. aseptatum (Dobr.), Pr. simplex Porf. Brachiopods: Septacamera plicata (Kut.)
Thickness is 12.5 m.
Bed 17–18. Gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, ne-grained, thick-bedded limestone. Rounded
and loaf-shaped siliceous nodules occur. Cerioid colonial corals (size of colonies is 2.0×1.5 m) are
in living and overturn position. Rare fusulinid, gastropods, small brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids
and algae also occur. Foraminifers: Bradyina subsphaerica milvica Kоn., Pseudoendothyra ex gr. moelleri
(Ozawa). Rugose corals: Protowentzelella cystosum (Dobr.), Pr. perpastum (Dobr.). Thickness is 11.8 m.
Beds 19–20. Gray and dark gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, ne-grained organogenic-
detrital (crinoid- algae - palaeoaplysina) limestone. Structure is thick-bedded. Clayey interlayers greatly
bituminous. Silicication is in the form of irregular spots partly silicied portions in the form of
irregular spots and nodules. Fauna remains: foraminifers, gastropods, colonial corals (0,5 × 0,7 m),
tabulate colonies (25 x 15 cm), small brachiopods, reticular bryozoans. Foraminifers: Bradyina delicata
Kon., Climacammina longissimoides Lee et Chen. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella major (Dobr.), Pr.
cystosum (Dobr.) Thickness is 8.6 m.
Beds 21–22. Gray, foraminiferal, crinoid, bituminous limestone with different thickness of
interlayers. Siliceous nodules of irregular shape. Fauna remains: gastropods, cerioid rugose corals (size
of colonies is 1.4×0.75 m), tabulates, brachiopods. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina ex gr. moelleri (Schell.),
Ps. cf. moelleri (Schell.), Protowentzelella cf. regulare (Porf.), Pr. major ( Dobr.), Kleopatrina grandis
(Dobr.) Thickness is 17.2 m.
Beds 23–26. From light gray to dark gray with a brownish tinge, organogenic-detrital (algae,
algae-crinoid, palaeoaplysina, crinoid-palaeoaplysina) cavernous limestone. Structure is thick-bedded.
Small siliceous nodules are oval. Remains of fauna include foraminifers, rugose corals, gastropods,
brachiopods. Foraminifers: Pseudofusulina eх gr. moelleri (Schell.) Rugose corals: Protowentzelella major
(Dobr.) Thickness is 8.5 m. Two meters are covered with vegetable soil.
Bed 27. Dark gray with brownish tinge, organogenic-detrital, thick-bedded limestone. Limestone
includes oval siliceous nodules. Fauna remains: large solitary corals, tabulate, gastropods, brachiopods
and small crinoids. Fusulinids: Globivalvulina arguta Коn. Fasciculate rugose corals: Tschssovskenia
captiosa Dobr. Brachiopods: Phricodothyris pyriformis Iavl. Thickness is 2.2 m. 5.7 m are covered with
vegetable soil.
Bed 28. Dark gray with brownish tinge, ne-grained limestone. Thickness of layers varies. Siliceous
nodules are of irregular shape. Limestone is interbedded with dark-gray clayey and organogenic-
detrital limestone with fauna represented by colonial rugose corals (size of colonies is 1.0-1.5 m),
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Fig. 32. Stratigraphic column and
fusulinids of the Belaya Gora section
(Ekhlakov, 2009)
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fasciculate tabulate, brachiopods. Cerioid rugose corals: Protowentzelella aseptatum Dobr. Thickness is
15.0 m. One meter is covered with vegetable soil.
Bed 29. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, organogenic-detrital (crinoid) thick-bedded limestone.
Fauna remains: brachiopods, palaeoaplysina, cerioid rugose corals. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella
cystosum (Dobr.). Thickness is 2.1 m.
Bed 30. The intercalation of dark gray with brownish tinge, algal and foraminiferal ne-grained,
silicied limestone characterized by variable thickness of layers and clayey, strongly bituminous,
foliated (10 to 25 cm thick) limestone. The latter includes oval and loaf-shaped siliceous nodules.
Fauna remains are small solitary and cerioid and astreoid colonial rugose corals, fasciculate tabulate.
Foraminifers: Bradyina major var. ordinata Kon., Pseudoendothyra permiana Kon., P. pseudosphaeroidea
(Dutk.), P. leei (Dutk.), P. preobrajenskyi (Dutk.), Pseudofusulina sp. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella
major (Dobr.), Pr. noinskyi vasiculosa Porf. Thickness is 12.0 m.
Bed 31. Intercalation of light gray and gray with a brownish tinge, detrital, thick-bedded, cavernous
limestone with a clayey limestone interlayer. Limestone is cavernous in the top. Fauna remains:
paleoaplysina, rare solitary and colonial rugose corals, brachiopods, crinoids and algae. Foraminifers:
Bradyina turgida Kon. Cerioid rugose corals: Protowentzelella simplex Porf. Thickness is 5.5 m.
Bed 32-33. Dark gray with brownish tinge, ne-grained to thin-grained, thin-bedded limestone
interbedded with clayey limestone enveloping coral colonies. Fauna remains: large colonies and small
colonies rugose colonies, tabulate, brachiopods, crinoids and algae. Foraminifers: Bradyina aff. delicata
Kon., Pseudofusulina aequalis (Schell.). Rugose corals: Protowentzelella cystosum (Dobr.), Pr. major
(Dobr.) Thickness is 9.0 m.
Pseudofusulina verneuili – Ps. uralica Zone
Bed 34–35. Gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, ne-grained, thick-bedded, organogenic-
detrital (crinoid-fusulinid) limestone. In the upper part, there is an interlayer of dark gray argillaceous
Fig. 33. Panoramic view of the Belaya Gora section
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limestone (5-10 cm). Fauna remains: solitary and colonial corals, foraminifers, crinoids. Foraminifers:
Pseudoendothyra pseudosphaeroidea (Dutk.), Triticites pensus Grozd. et Leb., Pseudofusulina pseudouralica
Jzot., Ps. ex gr. uralica (Krot.), Ps. uralica uralica (Krot.), Rugose corals: Protowentzelella major (Dobr.).
Thickness is 6.1 m.
Bed 36–37. Light gray, slightly bituminous, organogenic detrital (crinoid-algal-foraminiferal),
medium- and thick-bedded limestone. At the bottom, the limestone is light gray, brecciated (0.2 m).
Fauna remains: colonial (1.5×0.5 m) and solitary rugose corals, gastropods, palaeoaplysina. Foraminifers:
Pseudofusulina uralica uralica (Krot.), Ps. uralica volongaensis Grozd. et Leb., Ps. confusa Raus., Krotovia
tuberculata (Moell.) Brachiopods: Dictyoclostus sp., Septacamera plicata (Kut.). Thickness is 12.5 m.
Bed 38–39. Light - and dark gray with brownish tinge, ne-grained, bituminous, multilayer,
partly cavernous limestone. Thickness of interlayers varies. Siliceous streaks and nodules are common.
Fauna remains are represented by fusulinids, gastropods, brachiopods, crinoids. Foraminifers: Bradyina
subsphaerica milvica Kon., Brachiopods: Krotovia tuberculata (Moell.), Linoproductus cora (d,Orb.),
Liosotella septentrio-nalis (Tschern.), Retaria orientails (Fred.). Thickness is 5.1 m.
Bed 40-41. Light - and dark gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, ne-grained limestone with
abundant thin-layer argillaceous limestone interlayers. In the middle part, the limestone is detrital.
Thickness of interlayers varies. Fauna remains are algae, solitary and colonial corals, gastropods,
bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina blochini bellatula Korzh., Ps. ex gr. devexa
Raus., Ps. cf. devexa acuta Raus. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella cystosum Dobr., Pseudocystophora
complexa (Dobr.) Brachiopods: Derbyia regularis Waag., Krotovia tuberculata (Moell.), Linoproductus
cora (d,Orb.), Reticulatia moelleri (Stuck.), Stenoscisma mutabilis (Tschern.), Rhynchopora nikitini Тschern.,
Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shum.), Phricodothyris pyriformis Pavl., Nothothyris mediterrenea Gemm.,
Dielasma elongatum Schloth. Thickness is 3.0 m.
Bed 42–43. Dark gray with brownish-yellowish tint, bituminous limestone with variable
thickness of interlayers, with intercalations of silicied limestone up to 0.4 m thick. Fauna remains
are fasciculate rugose corals, foraminifera, brachiopods, crinoids. Foraminifers: Bradyina aff.
subsphaerica Mor., Globivalvulina paula Kon., Pseudoendothyra a. preobrajenskyi (Dutk.) Rugose corals:
Protolonsdaleiastraea biseptata (Dobr.), Permastraea campophylloides (Dobr.) (Plate 3, g. 6), P. solida
(Stuck.), Protowentzelella hyporiphaeum (Porf.). Thickness 8.5 m.
Bed 44. Light gray with a brownish tinge, bituminous, organogenic detrital (palaeoaplisyna)
limestone, medium-bedded. Fauna remains include fusulinids, colonial cerioid rugose corals (0.5×0.5 m),
crinoids. Thickness is 3.0 m. Further 5 m are covered with vegetable soil.
Bed 45. Dark - to light gray with a brownish tinge, strongly bituminous, medium-grained
massive limestone with palaeoaplysina silicied limestone interlayers hosting silica nodules of irregular
shape. Fauna remains: gastropods, large tabulate colonies (0.3×0.3 m), massive spherical colonies of
rugose corals. Rugose corals: Protowentzelella aseptatum (Dobr.), Permastraea campothylloides (Dobr.).
Thickness is 11.5 m.
Bed 46. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous, organogenic-detrital limestone.
Thickness of interlayers varies. Foraminifers: Bradyina major var. ordinata Kon., B. subsphaerica var.
milvica Kon., Pseudoendothyra pseudosphaeroidea (Dutk.), P. preobrajenskyi (Dutk.). Thickness is 2.4 m.
Further there is a talus of 3.0 m.
Bed 47–48. Dark gray with brownish tinge, ne-grained, bituminous limestone. Thickness of
interlayers varies. Some interlayers up to 1.4 m thick contain Palaeoaplysina. Siliceous nodules of
rounded and loaf-like shape are common. Fauna remains: foraminifers, tabulate colonies (size of
colonies is 0.3×0.25 m), astreoid rugose colonies, crinoids and algae. Foraminifers: Tetrataxis plana
mоr., Pseudoendothyra pseudosphaeroidea (Dutk.). Rugose corals: Permastraea campothylloides (Dobr.).
Thickness is 5.2 m.
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Bed 49. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, strongly bituminous, palaeoaplysina, ne-grained,
massive-bedded limestone with siliceous nodules. Fauna remains: rugose corals (size 0.2×0.3 m) and
tabulate, rare foraminifers, reticular bryozoans, crinoids. Thickness is 11.2 m.
Bed 50. Dark gray with brownish tinge, ne-cavernous, with interlayers of Palaeoaplysina
limestone. The limestone hosts siliceous nodules. Fauna remains: rare foraminifers, gastropods, colonial
corals, reticular bryozoans, crinoids. Thickness is 8.4 m.
Bed 51. Light gray- and gray with brownish tinge, slightly bituminous, ne-grained thick-
bedded limestone. Some interlayers include Palaeoaplysina. Siliceous nodules are common. Fauna
remains: Solitary and colonial corals, rare brachiopods, reticular bryozoans, and numerous crinoids.
Foraminifers: Tetrataxis hemisphaerica Mоr., Bradyina delicata Kon., Pseudoendothyra bradyi (Moell.),
P. aff. preobrajenskyi (Dutk.), Pseudofusulina callosa Rаus., Ps. cf. xa Kir., Ps. ex gr. urdalensis Raus.
Thickness is 6.5 m. Further, there is a talus of 1.4 m.
Bed 52–53. Dark-gray with brownish ting bituminous limestone with palaeoaplysina interlayers
and black siliceous nodules. Thickness of limestone varies. Fauna remains: foraminifers, tabulate
colonies (0.2×0.3 m), small colonies of cerioid rugose corals, solitary corals, brachiopods, algae and
crinoids. Thickness is 11.0 m.
Bed 54. Gray with a yellowish tinge, bituminous, organogenic detrital (crinoid-palaeoaplysina) limestone.
Some interlayers represented by dark-gray strongly bituminous. Fauna remains; algae, foraminifers, small
cerioid rugose coral colonies. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina aff. callosa Raus. Thickness is 9.0 m.
Sterlitamakian Substage
Pseudofusulina urdalensis Zone
Bed 55. Gray with brownish tinge, bituminous, granular, thick-bedded limestone. It is interbedded
with black int layers. Fauna remains: fusulinids, tabulate, small brachiopods. Foraminifers:
Pseudofusulina ex gr. callosa Raus., Ps. callosa. proconcavutas Raus. Thickness is 3.0 m.
Bed 56. Light gray with a brownish tinge, bituminous, organogenic detrital (palaeoaplysina,
crinoid), partly cavernous limestone. Thickness of interlayers varies. Fauna remains: fusulinids,
brachiopods, bryozoans, corals. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina ex gr. confusa Raus., Ps. callosa Raus., Ps.
cf. callosa proconcavutas Raus., Ps. callosa distenta Kir., Ps. cf. proplicatissima Raus., Ps. urdalensis Raus.,
Ps. urdalensiformis Kir. Colonial corals: Permastraea monoseptata (Dobr.), P. campophylloides Dobr.
Thickness is 6.5 m.
Bed 57. Light gray, slightly bituminous, palaeoplysina limestone. In some areas the limestone is
ne-grained, massive-bedded, includs large fasciculate tabulate colonies. Foraminifers: Ammodiscus
semiconstrictus regularis Waters. Brachiopods: Stenoscisma mutabilis (Tschern.), Phricodothyris pyriformis
Pavl. Thickness is 15.4 m.
Bed 58. Gray and dark gray with brownish tinge organogenic (palaeoaplysina, crinoid-fusulinid)
limestone. Inclusions of int form lenses or lenticular interlayers. Fauna remains: colonial corals,
fusulinids, brachiopods. Brachiopods: Cruritnyris planoconvexa (Shum.). Rugose corals: Permastraea
monoseptata (Dobr.). Thickness is 13.0 m.
Bed 59. Light- and dark-gray with brownish-yellow tinge bituminous, partly crinoid and
palaeoaplysina medium-grained, medium- to thick-bedded limestone. It bears caverns of organic
remains. Thickness of dark-gray, almost black siliceous intelayers is 0.1 to 0.4 m. Fauna remains:
gastropods, brachiopods. Brachiopods: Cleiothyridina pectinifera (Sow.). There is a cave in this bed.
Thickness is 8.2 m.
Bed 60. Light gray with yellowish tinge organic detrital partly brecciated limestone. Some layers are
darker. They are ne-grained and massive-bedded. Black siliceous nodules are common. Fauna remains
include crinoids, reticular bryozoans, solitary corals, brachiopods, foraminifers. Brachiopods: Septacamera
plicata (Kut.), Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shum.). Thickness is 21.0 m. Further, there is a talus of 8.0 m.
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Bed 61. Dark-gray with brownish tinge bituminous crinoid-foraminifera, granular limestone.
Thickness of interlayers varies from 5 to 30cm. Structure is medium-bedded. Fauna remains:
gastropods, brachiopods. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina callosa Raus., Ps. urdalensis Raus. Rugose corals:
Pseudocystophora wischeriana (Stuck.). Thickness is 1.0 m. Further, there is a talus of 5.0 m.
Bed 62-64. Light gray and gray with a yellowish and brownish tinge, granular, crinoid-fusulinid
bituminous limestone. Thickness of interlayers varies form 5 to 30 cm. Blue-gray siliceous streaks
are common. Fauna remains: small rugose colonies, brachiopods and bryozoans. Fusulinids:
Pseudofusulina urdalensis Raus., Ps. plicatissima Raus. Brachiopods: Krotovia curvirostris (Schell.),
K. wallaciana (Derby.), Cancrinella cancriniformis (Tschern.), Liosotella septentrionalis (Tschern.).
Thickness is 16.1 m.
Bed 65. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous limestone interbedded with dark gray
organogenic-detrital and bryozoan limestone with irregular inclusions and streaks of bluish-gray int.
Limestone is ne-grained, thin-bedded (0.1-0.2 m). Fauna remains: fusulinids, brachiopods, fasciculate
and reticular bryozoans, crinoids, rare sponges and solitary corals. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina urdalensis
Raus., Ps. cf. urdalensis abnormis Raus., Ps. plicatissima Raus. Brachiopods: Phricodothyris pyriformis Pavl.,
Krotovia tuberculata (Moell.), K. pustulata (Keys)., K. pseudoaculeata (Krot.), Linoproductus cora (d,Orb.),
Cancrinella cancriniformis (Tschern.), Liosotella septentrionalis (Tschern.). Thickness is 9.5 m. Further,
there is a talus of 2.0 m.
Bed 66. Light gray and gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous, ne-cavernous, medium
to thin-bedded limestone. Numerous inclusions and streaks of bluish int constitute 50% of the
limestone. Fauna remains: fusulinids, bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina cf.
confusa Kir., Ps. urdalensis Raus., Ps. plicatissima irregularis Raus., Ps. urdalensis abreviata Raus., Ps.
plicatissima Raus. Brachiopods: Cancrinella cancriniformis (Tschern.), Liostella septentrionalis (Tschern.).
Thickness is 19.0 m.
Bed 67. Gray and light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous, organogenic-detrital, ne-
cavernous, thin- to medium-bedded limestone. Inclusions and streaks of bluish-gray and dark gray
int constitute 50% of the rock. Fauna remains: fusulinids, bryozoans, small brachiopods, crinoids.
Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina urdalensis Raus., Ps. plicatissima Raus. Brachiopods: Krotovia pustulata
(Keys.), Liosotella septentrionalis (Tscher.) Thickness is 7.8 m.
Artinskian Stage
Burtzevkian Substage
Pseudofusulina concavutas – Ps. pedissequa Zone
Bed 68. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous, ne-grained, thick- to massive-
bedded limestone with small siliceous concretions and nodules. At the bottom, bryozoan-fusulinid
limestone changes to crinoid-fusulinid. Fauna remains: brachiopods. Fusulinids Pseudofusulina urdalensis
Raus., Ps. plicatissima Raus., Ps. schellwieni Viss., Ps. shidensis Raus. were found in the lower part of the
bed. Pseudofusulina fallax Raus., Ps. monstrata Viss., Ps. vissarionovae Raus., Ps. cf. kutkanensis Raus., Ps.
ех gr. concavutas Viss., Ps. concavutas minor Viss., Ps. paraconcavutas Raus. are recorded in the upper
part of the bed. Thickness is 14.5 m. Further, there is a talus of 1.0 m.
Bed 69. Light gray, crinoid, medium-grained, strongly silicied limestone. Fauna remains: solitary
and colonial corals, rare brachiopods. Rugose corals: Pseudocystophora pseudowischeriana (Porf.)
Thickness is 2.0m. Further, there is a talus of 4.5 m.
Bed 70. Gray, slightly bituminous, partly crinoid medium- to thick-bedded limestone with
numerous siliceous layers and nodules. Fauna remains: fusulinids, solitary and colonial rugose corals,
brachiopods. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina aff. curtata Raus., Ps. ex gr. pedissequa Viss. Rugose corals:
Pseudocystophora wischeriana (Stuck.). Brachiopods: Derbyia regularis Waag, Stenoscisma mutabilis
(Tschern.) Thickness is 9.2 m. 5.6 m are covered with vegetable soil.
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Fig. 34. Bed 74 in the
Belaya Gora section
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Irginian Substage
Pseudofusulina juresanensis – Eoparafusulina lutugini Zone
Bed 71. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous, crinoid-fusulinid limestone with
thin siliceous lenses and interlayers. Fauna remains include solitary corals, bryozoans. Fusulinids:
Pseudofusulina ex gr. concessa Viss., Ps. ex gr. concavntas Vies., Ps. substricta Kon., Ps. shidensis Raus., Ps.
cf. juresanensis Raus., Ps. aff. kutkanensis Raus. Brachiopods: Reticulatia moelleri (Stuck.) Thickness is
8.4 m. 5.6 m are covered with vegetable soil.
Bed 72. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous crinoid-bryozoans thin-bedded
limestone with siliceous lenses and layers. Fauna remains: fusulinids, colonial rugose corals, brachiopods,
single trilobites. Fusulinids: Pseudofusulina ex gr. schellwieni Viss., Ps. ех gr. concavutas Viss. Rugose corals:
Pseudocystophora wischeriana (Stuck.) Brachiopods: Liosotella septentrionalis (Tschern), Retaria orientalis
(Fred.), Stenoscisma mutabilis (Tschern), Neospirifer poststriatus neocameratus (Step.). Thickness is 22.4 m.
Sargian Substage
Sargian Formation
Bed 73. Light gray with a yellowish tinge, slightly bituminous crinoid medium- to massive-bedded
limestone with siliceous nodules and layers. Fauna remains: single fusulinids, small solitary corals,
brachiopods, bryozoans. Brachiopods: Krotovia pustulata (Keys.), K. pseudoaculeata (Krot.), Stenoscisma
pentameroides (Tschern.). Solitary corals: Soshkineophyllum artiense Soshk., Umia carbonaria Stuck.,
Umia sp. 1, Cyathocarinia multituberculata Soshk., Cyathaxonia ex gr. C. cornu Mich., C. dobrolyubovae
Sim., Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) magnocolumnare (Fedor.), L. (L.) cyathaxoniforme Fedor.,
Pseudowannerophyllum sp. 1. Ostracods: Healdia arcuata Coryell & Osario, Bairdia magna Kotsch.,
B. cf. B. kaschewarovae Mart., B. perlonga Kash., and B. aculeata Coope. (Kossovaya et al., 2001).
Thickness is 14.0 m. Five meters are covered with vegetable soil.
Urmy Formation
Bed 74. Along the river in the middle of the log, there are outcrops representing intercalation of
mudstone and greenish-gray marl, calcareous, partly ferruginized, micro- to thin-layered, with remnants
of poorly preserved goniatite, sh and terrestrial plants (fragments of Paracalamites sp. stems, seeds,
ne detritus). Exposed thickness of the rocks at the mouth of the log is 5 meters. In 2015, heavy
rainfall resulted in the opening of the 20 m of terrigenous rocks of the Sargian Substage (Fig. 34).
1. Vilesov A.P. Late Carboniferous Assemblages of Schwagerinids (Foraminifera, Schwagerinida) in
Two Types of Organogenic Structures of the Central Urals / Paleontological Journal, No 3. M:
Nauka, 2002. Р. 11–20.
2. Izart, A., Kossovaya O., Vachard, D., Vaslet, D. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and sequence
stratigraphy of the early Permian along the Kosva River (Gubakha area, Central Ural, Russia).
Bull.Soc. geol.France,1999,170,6,pp.799-820
3. Guidebook of the excursion to Lower Permian deposits on the Kosva, Cylva and Kama rivers.
Perm. 1974.102 p.
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9
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Plate 3
Corals
Fig. 1, 2. Protowentzelella sp. Specimen 1. Transverse and longitudinal sections. Section Belaya Gora, Asselian
Stage, Shikhanian Substage, bed 1. x 3.
Fig. 3. 4. Protowentzelella major (Dobr.) Specimen 30-1. Transverse and longitudinal sections. Section Belaya Gora,
Asselian Stage, Shikhanian Substage, bed 6. x3.
Fig.5. Pseudocystophora wischeriana (Stuck.). Transverse section. Specimen 113-2. Transverse section. Section
Belaya Gora, Sakmarian Stage, Sterlitamakian Substage, bed 61 (upper part). x3.
Fig. 6. Permstraea campophylloides (Dobr.) Specimen 95-1. Transverse section. Specimen 113-2. Transverse section.
Section Belaya Gora, Sakmarian Stage, Tastubian Substage, Pseudofusulina moelleri Zone , bed 42. x3.
Fig. 7, 8. Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidum) magnocolumnare Fedor., Specimen 134-58. Two successive transverse
sections. Section Belaya Gora, Artinskian Stage, Sargian Substage, bed 73. x3.
Fig.9. Ufimia carbonaria Stuck. Specimen 134-58. Transverse sections. Section Belaya Gora, Artinskian Stage,
Sargian Substage, bed 73. x3.
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YADRO SECTION
FAMENNIAN
Ju.A. Gatovsky¹
¹Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Leninskie gory St. 1, Russia
The Yadro (the Core) section includes bedrock outcrops on the left bank of the Kosva River, and
is located on a road adjacent to the road bridge, which is cut into the bedrock. The section composes
the core of the Main Kizel Anticline. The azimut frontage exposure varies from N 0º to NE 45º. It
is a stratotype Gubachinskaya Formation, with a capacity of which reaches 100-120 m, associated to
the Famennian stage. The section is composed of interbedded bituminous limestone, marl, clay shales
and ints, and containing remnants of thin-walled brachiopods, bivalves, ammonoids, tentaculites,
llopods, ostracods and radiolarians. Dark gray, micro and ne-grained limestone, which silicied and
clayey, platy and is densely bituminous. The marl and clay shales make comprise 50-60% of the section
thickness. They are dark to black, silicied portions with interlayers of black int. The rock can be seen
to be contorted into small isoclinal folds. The Gubachinskaya Formation refers to dipping Domanik
facies, which are rich in oil resources and mark the inner zone of the Kizel foredeep Kama-Kinel
system. This section is considered to be promising for the detection of the boundary of the Devonian
and Carboniferous.
Samples were studied to see if there was any evidence present of the remains of conodonts, and
samples were examined in the lower (8 samples), middle and upper (2 samples) parts of the section.
Conodonts were identied in 6 of the 10 samples. In the lower part of the section (Fig. 36) contained
within carbonate concretions, remains of following were positively identied: Palmatolepis regularis
Fig. 35. Panoramic view on the Yadro
Cooper, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata Ulrich et Bassler, Palmatolepis glabra glabra Ulrich et Bassler,
Palmatolepis subperlobata helmsi Ovnatanova, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata M. Sannemann,
Palmatolepis minuta wolskae Szulczewski, Palmatolepis minuta minuta Branson et Mehl, Polygnathus
nodocostatus Branson et Mehl. The middle portion of the section is dened by the following: Palmatolepis
cf. glabra pectinata Ziegler, Palmatolepis minuta minuta Branson et Mehl. The upper portion of the
section is dened by the following: Palmatolepis perlobata schindewol Muller, Palmatolepis inexoidea
Ziegler, Palmatolepis glabra acuta Helms, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata Ziegler, Palmatolepis glabra lepta
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Fig. 36. The oldest section of the Yadro (lower Famennian, zone Ра. crepida-rhomboidea)
Fig. 37. The upper section of sampling the Yadro
Ziegler et Huddle, Palmatolepis marginifera marginifera Helms, Palmatolepis marginifera utahensis Ziegler
et Sandberg, Palmatolepis minuta minuta Branson et Mehl, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea Ziegler,
Polygnathus glaber Ulrich et Bassler.
In the most ancient part of the section (Fig. 36) the following has been identied: Palmatolepis
regularis Coop., Pa. glabra glabra Ul. et Bas., Pa. subperlobata helmsi Ovn., Pa. quadrantinodosalobata M.
Sann., and Pa. minuta wolskae Szul. The age of the deposits can be considered to be from the lower
Famennian stage as identied by the crepida-rhomboidea.
Conodonts found at other points, help to identify the zonal type, including Palmatolepis marginifera
marginifera Helms and guide conodonts Palmatolepis marginifera utahensis Zieg. et Sand., Pa. glabra
pectinata Ziegl., Pa. glabra lepta Zieg. et Hud., Pa. perlobata schindewol Mul. These species all typical
of the middle Famennian, around the time of the marginifera-trachytera zone (Fig. 37).
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Plate 4
Conodonts
Figs. 1-13 - Upper Devonian, Famennian, Gubachinskaya Formation
fig. 1. Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata Ulrich et Bassler, 1926 (sample Ya-4)
fig. 2, 3. Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea Ziegler, 1962 (2 - sample Ya-1, 3 - sample Ya-9)
fig. 4. Palmatolepis inflexoidea Ziegler, 1962 (sample Ya-8)
fig. 5-7, 12. Palmatolepis minuta minuta Branson et Mehl, 1934 (5, 6 - sample Ya-8, 7, 12 - sample Ya-4)
fig. 8. Palmatolepis perlobata schindewolfi Muller, 1956 (sample Ya-1)
fig. 9. Palmatolepis minuta wolskae Szulczewski, 1971 (sample Ya-4)
fig. 10. Palmatolepis subperlobata helmsi Ovnatanova, 1976 (sample Ya-4)
fig. 11. Palmatolepis regularis Cooper, 1931 (sample Ya-4)
fig. 13. Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata M 1 Sannemann, 1955 (sample Ya-4)
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Conodonts
Figs. 1-14 - Upper Devonian, Famennian, Gubachinskaya Formation
fig. 1, 2, 4, 5. Palmatolepis marginifera marginifera Helms, 1959 (1, 2 - sample Ya-1,
4 - sample Ya-9, 5 - sample Ya-8)
fig. 3, 6. Palmatolepis marginifera utahensis Ziegler et Sandberg, 1984 (3, 6 - sample Ya-9)
fig. 7, 13. Palmatolepis glabra pectinata Ziegler, 1962 (7, 13 - sample Ya-1)
fig. 8. Polygnathus nodocostatus Branson et Mehl, 1934 (sample Ya-4)
fig. 9. Polygnathus glaber Ulrich et Bassler, 1926 (sample Ya-8)
fig. 10, 11. Palmatolepis glabra lepta Ziegler et Huddle, 1969 (10, 11 - sample Ya-1)
fig. 12. Palmatolepis glabra glabra Ulrich et Bassler, 1926 (sample Ya-4/5)
fig. 14. Palmatolepis glabra acuta Helms, 1963 (sample Ya-8)
Plate 5
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MARIINSKY LOG
SECTION
SERPUKHOVIAN
BASHKIRIAN
LOWER MOSCOVIAN
G.Yu. Ponomareva¹, A.S. Alekseev², O.L. Kossovaya³, T.N. Isakova
4
¹Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
²Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Leninskie gory St. 1, Russia
³Karpinsky All-Russia Research Geological Institute of
Russian Academy of Sciences,
199106 St. Petersburg, Sredny Pr. 74, Russia
4
Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences,
110017 Moscow, Pyzhevsky per. 7, Russia
The Mariinsky Log section is situated on the western bank of the Gubashka River, right tributary
of the. Kosva River. It is represented by natural rocky outcrops and abandoned quarries located on
the slopes of the Belaya Mountain (Fig. 38). Belaya Mountain is situated in 2-km north-east of the
mouth of the Ladeiny Ravine. White Mountain is composed of carbonate rocks of the Serpukhovian,
Bashkirian and Moscovian stages. The section is considered to be poorly known and previous studies
were not published. , The initial study was carried out in the summer of 1977 by the members of
the Department of Oil and Gas Geology of the Perm Polytechnic Institute (PPI) according to the
task of the Kizel Geological Prospecting Survey. In this guidebook, we mostly used the numbering
of outcrops and, in one case even the layers numbers of the previous study (Professional report:
"Lithological and stratigraphic study of coal deposits of the Belaya Mountain", 1978). The section is
of scientic interest because the outcrops are easily accessible there. "Mariinsky log" as well as sections
of "Ladeiny Log", "Upper Gubakha" and "Kremennoi " ( Guidebook, 1972) belong to the same structure
- the western wing of the Kosva syncline (Fig. 39), thereby enabling accurate correlation between Mariinsky
log section and mentioned above well-studied sections. Bed by bed description of the studied outcrops and
quarries see below.
The oldest rocks are exposed in the outcrop 1237. They are not visible on panoramic images of
the section, but is located directly below the Quarry Ist. Here the carbonate rocks of the Kurmakov
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Fig. 38. Top view of the Mariinsky Log section. The number of outcrops are used in the given Guidebook.
Fig. 39. Panoramic view of the Mariinsky Log section. The quarries 2, 3, 4, and some outcrops are visible.
Fig. 40. The draft of the Mariinsky Log section (Guidebook, 2010).
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Formation (Kosogorian Substage) are outcropped completely without covered intervals (in comparison
with Lodeinyi Log section). A part of the Kurmakov Fm. exposed at the bottom of the outcrop is the
Lower Serpukhovian. Marking of “PPI” is preserved nowadays in outcrop, so description is made on
its basis (Fig. 40). In 2012-2014 the section was re-studied. Conodonts, corals and foraminifera samples
were collected bed by bed.
Carboniferous System
Lower Series (= Missisipian)
Serpukhovian Stage
Kosogorian Substage
Kurmakov Formation
Outcrop 1237.
Bed 1. (It is located in a separate block.) Brown-gray, dark gray, clayey, bituminous, strongly
dolomitized, massive and thick-bedded limestone, with crinoids, echinoderm spines, ophiures,
holothurians, gastropods, brachiopods, bryozoans, indenable remnants of conodonts, sh, algae.
Micro- and ne-grained pore cement. In thin sections – bioclactic packstone. Algae: Ungdarella uralica
Masl. Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.), Earlandia sp., Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. gigas Raus.,
Paraarchaediscus stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus rugosus Raus., Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.),
Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Permodiscus
vetustus Dutk., Rugosoarchaediscus agapovensis (Iv.), Howchinia gibba (Moell.), Similisella similis
(Raus. et Reitl.), Endothyranopsis compressa (Raus. et Reitl.), Tetrataxis acutus Durk., Eostaella prisca
settella Gan., Pseudoendothyra illustria (Viss.). Conodonts: Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea
ziegleri Nemirovskaya et al., Lochriea senckenbergica Nemirovskaya et al., L. monocostata Pazukhin et
Fig. 41. The description of the beds 2 and 3 in the outcrop 1237.
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Nemirovskaya, Synclydognathus sp., Cavusgnathus sp., Kladognathus sp. Rock height is about 4 m. Dip
azimuth 270º W, angle of dip 18–20º. Advanced Lochriea were found in sample 1237-1.1 (base of the
rock). They correspond to sample 26.2 of the Ladeiny Log section (Protvian Substage). Thickness 4.0 m.
Covered - 3.2 m.
At the point and further along the outcrop asimut NE 23º.
Bed 2. Brown-gray, detrital limestone with silty pore cement, clay, bituminous, strongly dolomitized,
thick-bedded (15-27 cm), at the base - massive (50-53 cm) with crinoids, echinoderm spines (echinoderm
with the stereome structure), articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, bryozoans, gastropods. In
thin sections - bioclastic dolomitized packstone. Foraminifers are rather rare: Planospirodiscus sp.,
Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Rectocornuspira sp.
Conodonts are abundant at the top: Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea commutata (Branson et
Mehl), L. mononodosa (Rhodes et al.), L. ziegleri Nemirovskaya et al., Lochriea cruciformis (Clarke),
L. monocostata Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya, Vogelgnathus campbelli (Rexroad), Synclydognathus sp.,
Idioproniodus sp. Thickness is 2.1 m. Azimuth of dip E 85º, angle of dip 22–25º. According to the
fauna content, sample 1237-2.1 (top of bed 2) corresponds to sample 18.7 of the Ladeiny Log section.
The level is the base of reliable correlation.
Bed 3 is very thick and consists of different types of limestone. It is subdivided into several units.
Bed 3, unit 3a. Dark gray, slime-detrital limestone with basal thin grained cement, bituminous,
dolomitized, with dark gray int nodules. Massive in the lower part and middle-bedded in the upper
part, with rare crinoids, bryozoans, brachiopods, ostracods, and algae. In thin sections – bioclastic
wackestone, packstones. Foraminifers: abundant Eotuberitina reitlingerae M. Maclay, Paraarchaediscus
convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. koktjubensis (Raus.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), N.
Fig. 42. Bed 3. The exposure of the Kurmakov Formation of the Kasaya Gora Regional Stage (Serpukhovian) in
the outcrop 1237 of the Mariinsky Log section.
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incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides
(Brazhn. et Vdov.), Rugosoarchaediscus sp., Howchinia gibba (Moell.), Rectoendothyra ex gr. donbassica
Brazhn., Tetrataxis lata Bog. et Juf. Thickness 0.89 m.
Unit 3b. Brown-gray, ne-grained, bioclastic limestone with basal micro-grained cement, in
the middle part of the unit – algal, irregularly dolomitized, bituminous, with nodules of int, thick-
bedded and massive (20-70 cm), porous, with remains of crinoids, echinoderm spines, articulate
and inarticulate brachiopods, bryozoans, sh remains, trace fossils, and coprolites. In thin sections:
bioclastic wackestone. Algae: Girvanella wetheredii Chap., Fasciella ivanovae Salt., Calcifolium okense
Schw. et Bir., Aphralysia carbonaris Garw. Foraminifers: abundant Eotuberitina reitlingerae M. Maclay,
Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), Paraarchaediscus convexus (Grozd.
et Leb.), P. vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), P. koktjubensis (Raus.), Rectocornuspira sp., Howchinia gibba
(Moell.), Monotaxinoides subplanus (Brazhn. et Jar.), M. transitorius (Brazhn. et Jar.), Haplophragmina
angularis Brazhn., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Omphalotis omphalota (Raus. et Reitl.), Bradyina
modica Gan., Janischewskina rovnensis Gan., Endotaxis brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), Tetrataxis lata
Bog. et Juf., T. pusilla Conil et Lys, T. ex gr. conica Ehren., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), M. breviscula Gan.,
Endostaella fucoides Ros., Eostaella ex gr. postmosquensis Kir., Millerella pauperis Durk. Advanced
representatives of Monotaxinoides typical of the upper part of the Serpukhovian (Yuldabaevskian
Regional Stage of the South Urals) were found in the upper part of the Unit 3b. They occur rather
rarely in the sections of the Vishero-Chussovaya region of the Urals. Rare conodonts include Gnathodus
bilineatus (Roundy), L. mononodosa (Rhodes et al.), L. ziegleri Nemirovskaya et al., Synclydognathus sp.,
Kladognathus sp. Thickness 2.40 m.
Unit 3c. Dark gray, almost black, micro- and ne-grained limestone, with maximal detritus and
mud at the base of the layer, bituminous, irregularly clayey, with nodules and streaks of black int, thin-
and thick-bedded (5-38 cm), with remains of crinoids, echinoderm spines, ophiures, holothurians,
ostracods, brachiopods, sponge spicules, conulariids, small fragments of algae. Besides, numerous spiral
gastropods and trace fossils occur at the bottom. In thin sections - bioclastic mudstone, wackestone.
Foraminifers Eotuberitina reitlingerae M. Maclay, Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), N.
cf. postrugosus Reitl., N. volynicus Vdov., N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd.
et Leb.), Howchinia gibba (Moell.), Pseudoammodiscus sp., Omphalotis minima Raus., Mediocris breviscula
Gan., Eostaella prisca settella Gan. In the middle part of the unit – dark brownish gray to black dolomite
(dolomitic mudstone), thin and ne-grained cement, irregularly clayey and bituminous, calcareous,
micro- and thin-bedded, and micro- and thin-bedded limestone with structure of bioturbation. Fauna:
Fig. 43. Monotaxinoides (small foraminifera) from the Mariinsky Log section (outcrop 1237, bed 3b, specimen
3b.2-1) 1, 4 – Monotaxinoides subplanus (Brazhn. et Jar.), D = 0,4 mm. 2, 3 – Monotaxinoides transitorius
Brazhn. et Jar.; D (2) = 0,22 mm, D (3) = 0,4 mm.
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crinoids, bryozoans, and ostracods. Foraminifers: Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. postrugosus
Reitl. Conodonts are rare: Gnathodus sp., Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), L. ziegleri Nemirovskaya
et al., Lochriea senckenbergica Nemyrovskaya et al., Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl), L. nodosa
(Bischoff), L. mononodosa (Rhodes et al.), Lochriea monocostata Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya, Vogelgnathus
campbelli (Rexroad), Kladognathus sp., Idioproniodus sp. Thickness 6.47 m. In samples 3c.1 and 3c.2
(upper part of the Unit 3c) rather smooth advanced Gnathodus bilineatus typical of the upper part of
the Serpukhovian were found.
Unit 3d. Alternation of micro bedded, clayey, bituminous limestone and thick-bedded limestone
(14–23 cm). Dark gray, almost black, micro granular limestone, with detritus and mud, clayey,
irregularly dolomitic, with nodules and streaks of black int. Sludge contains crinoids, ophiures,
inarticulate brachiopods, ostracods, bryozoans, sh remains. In thin sections: mudstone with small
bioclasts. Foraminifers are rare: Paraarchaediscus sp., Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. volynicus Vdov.
Conodonts are also rare: Gnathodus sp., Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl), L. mononodosa (Rhodes
et al.), L. cruciformis (Clarke), L. monocostata Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya. Idioprioniodus sp. Thickness 2.4 m.
Unit 3e. Dark brownish-gray, thin and micro-grained limestone with detritus and mud, irregularly
bituminous, clayey, dolomitized, with int nodules and streaks, medium- and thick-bedded (7-
19 cm), with ne detritus and small fragments of crinoids, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods,
ostracods, bryozoans, sh remains. In thin sections – mudstone and wackestone with small bioclasts.
In the middle part of the unit – brownish-gray, ne-grained, clayey, bituminous, calcareous dolomite,
with rare fragments of crinoids and bryozoans. Foraminifers: Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.),
Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. postrugosus Reitl., Eostaella ex gr. postmosquensis Kir., E. prisca Raus.
Conodonts: Gnathodus ex gr. bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl), Kladognathus
sp., Synclydognathus sp. Thickness 4.50 m.
Unit 3f. Dark gray, almost black, brown, gray, spotted, micro-grained, clayey, bituminous, weakly
silicied limestone, with mud admixture. In the upper part detrital-sludge, micro and thin-bedded,
splintery, in some interlayers - brachiopod coquina with Martinia glabra. Crinoids, ophiures, echinoderms,
articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, ostracods, sh remains, algae debris are determined in the
detritus. In thin sections – mudstone and wackestone with small bioclasts. Foraminifers: Paraarchaediscus
convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. itinerarius (Schlyk.), P. koktjubensis (Raus.), P. vischerensis (Grozd. et
Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), A. baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), Neoarchaediscus
parvus (Raus.), N. volynicus Vdov., N. postrugosus Reitl., Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.),
Endostaella asymmetrica Ros., Eostaella prisca Raus. Among algae Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir.
Conodonts are rare: Gnathodus ex gr. bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl),
Kladognathus sp. Thickness is about 4 m.
Unit 3 g. Dark gray, almost black, micro grained limestone, with admixture of mud, bioclastic,
clayey, bituminous, irregularly dolomitized, from thin- to thick-bedded (1-28 cm), with remains of
articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, crinoids, echinoderm spines, ophiures, sh. In thin sections –
mudstone and wackestone with small bioclasts. Foraminifers: Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P.
vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. volynicus Vdov., N. postrugosus Reitl.,
Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Rectocornuspira cf. pseudoprisca Vdov., Eostaella schwetzovi
Gan. Singular conodonts: Gnathodus ex gr. bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl),
Lochriea monocostata Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya, Kladognathus sp., Synclydognathus sp. Thickness 3.4 m.
Total thickness of bed 3 is 24.1 m.
Bed 4 is subdivided into two units. Unit 4a. Dark gray limestone, with basal fume sludge cement,
interbeds are lighter, bioclastic, with micritic cement. Some layers are lighter, but also bioclastic,
irregularly bituminous and clayey, with int nodules and streaks, massive, bearing crinoid, ostracod, and
brachiopod remains. In thin sections – wackestone with small bioclasts, micro laminated. Foraminifers:
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Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus Grozd. et Leb., P. vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.),
Neoarchaediscus volynicus Vdov., Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Euxinita efremovi (Vdov.
et Rost.), Endostaella asymmetrica Ros., Eostaella oldae Durk. Thickness 1.20 m.
Unit 4b. Brownish-gray limestone, bioclastic or bio detrital with micritic cement. Limestone is
irregularly bituminous and silicied, medium to thick-bedded (8-29 cm), with remains of crinoids,
echinoderm spines, ophiures, holothurians, ostracods, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods,
conulariids. In thin sections – wackestone with small bioclasts, packstone, bioturbated packstones.
Foraminifers Neoarchaediscus volynicus Vdov., N. regularis (Sulei.), N. gregorii (Dain), N. incertus
(Grozd. et Leb.), N. latispiralis (Grozd. et Leb.), Eostaella ex gr. prisca Raus. Conodonts are rare:
Gnathodus ex gr. bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl), Vogelgnathus campbelli
(Rexroad), Synclydognathus sp., Kladognathus sp. Thickness 1.86 m. Thickness of bed 4 is 3.06 m.
Covered – 4.9 m (Thickness is based on Guidebook, 2010).
Bed 5. Alternation of brown-gray limestone, algal-bioclastic with biosparitic cement and bioclastic
limestone with bisparitic cement, unevenly silicied, clayey and bituminous. Middle and thick-bedded
(8-29 cm). Limestone contains remains of crinoids, echinoderms spines, ophiures, holothurians,
brachiopods, solitary rugose corals, tabulate corals - Michelinia. In thin sections – bioclastic packstone
and grainstone. Algae: Fasciella ivanovae Salt., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Pseudostacheoides loomisi
Petr. et Mam. Foraminifers: Eotuberitina reitlingerae M. Maclay, Paraarchaediscus convexus (Grozd. et
Leb.), P. koktjubensis (Raus.), P. vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), P. stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus
subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), A. rugosus Raus., A. baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), Neoarchaediscus regularis
Fig. 44. Quarry 1 (outcrop 1228) of the Mariinsky Log section.
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(Sulei.), N. gregorii (Dain), Howchinia gibba (Moel.), H. bradyana (How.), Pseudoammodiscus volgensis
(Raus.), Priscella prisca (Raus. et Reitl.), Tetrataxis quasiconica Brazhn., Endostaella asymmetrica Ros.,
Eostaella ex gr. pseudostruvei (?) (Raus.)., Eostaellina sp. Thickness of the studied part of the bed –
1.86 m. Small isolated outcrops with thickness about 0.5 m are visible above. Total thickness 7.0m
(based on Guidebook, 2010).
Beds 1-5 of the Mariinsky Log section correspond to beds 17-21 of the Ladeiny Log section.
Quarry I (Outcrop 1228 g x) continues the sequence of outcrop 1237. The succession starts
with dolomite (bed 1), which refers to the Kurmakov Formation. Gray, partly light gray and dark
gray, ne-grained, silicied, massive and thick-bedded dolomite. It contains productids shells of bad
preservation. Thickness 6.8 m.
Dolomite is overlain by breccia that is correlated with bed 22 of the Ladeiny Log section. Nowadays,
rocks are exposed badly and are partly covered. The quarry was not re-studied. The assemblage
of foraminifers: Earlandia minor (Raus.), Asteroarchaediscus rugosus (Raus.), Monotaxinoides sp.,
Omphalotis omphalota (Raus. еt Reitl.), Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis cf. sphaerica
(Raus.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip. (Guidebook, 2010)
Quarry II is not studded. Rocks outcrop along the strike, nearly horizontal. The quarry duplicates
and partly builds on section of Quarry I. Only the beds at the outcrop base are available.
Outcrop 1229 is at the base of the western wall of Quarry III. Two beds are distinguished
(from bottom to top). They are assigned to the upper part of the Kosogorian Substage (Lower
Serpukhovian).
Bed 1. Light yellowish-gray, bioclastic, clotted limestone, with sparitic cement, massive, at the
top with solitary and colonial rugose corals. Branched bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids, ostracods
are widely distributed in the bed. Under the microscope - packstones with small bioclasts, at the top
of the bed – packstone and grainstone. Algae: Koninckopora inata (Koninck), Calcifolium okense
Schw. et Bir., Sphaeroporella antropovi Berch., Ungdarella uralica Masl., Fourstonella fusiformis (Brady),
Masloviporidium delicata (Berch.). Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.), Pseudoammodiscus volgensis
(Raus.), Pseudoglomospira ulutchurica Rum., Rectocornuspira pseudovolgensis Vdov., Paraarchaediscus
convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. donetzianus (Sosn.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.),
N. postrugosus (Reitl.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd.
et Leb.), Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis compressa (Raus. et Reitl.), E. sphaerica (Raus.
et Reitl.), E. crassa (Raus. et Reitl.), Janischewskina rovnensis Gan., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip.,
Climacammina simplex Raus., Globivalvulina ex gr. granulosa Reitl., Eostaella pseudoovoidea Raus.,
Eostaella ex gr. ikensis Viss. Thickness 1.34 m.
Bed 2. Limestone is light gray, bioclastic with sparitic cement, irregularly dolomitized, strongly
silicied at the base, massive- and thick-bedded (23-78 cm), porous, with numerous solitary and colonial
rugose corals, branched bryozoans, brachiopods, interbedded with limy dolomite. In thin sections –
bioclastic packstone with concentration of smaller bioclasts at the top. Fauna: branched bryozoans,
brachiopods, rugose corals, crinoids, echinoderm spines, ostracods. Algae: Koninckopora inata
(Koninck), Beresella machaevi Kulik. Foraminifers: Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), Pseudoglomospira
ulutchurica Rum., Ps. elegans Lip., Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus
convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. itinerarius (Schlyk.), Permodiscus vetustus Dutk., Neoarchaediscus parvus
(Raus.), N. gregorii (Dain.), Endothyra bradyi Mikh., En. cf. phrissa (D. Zeller), En. ex gr. eostaelloides
Reitl., Similisella lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Endothyranopsis compressa (Raus. et Reitl.), E. crassa (Raus. et
Reitl.), Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis cf. sphaerica (Raus. еt Reitl.), Pojarkovella nibelis
(Durk.), Euxinita efremovi (Vdov. et Rost.), Climacammina padunensis Gan., Mediocris minima Durk.,
Eostaella pseudoovoidea Raus., E. ex gr. prisca Raus., Pseudoendothyra globosa Ros., Ps. parasphaerica
Reitl., Ps. averinensa Post., Parastaella angulata Raus., brachiopods: Actinoconchus adepressiora (Ein.).
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Thickness 2.3 m.
Outcrop 1230 is located in the eastern wall of Quarry III.
Bed 1. Light yellowish-gray limestone, bioclastic with biosparitic and micritic cement, porous,
with remains of algae, crinoids, echinoderm spines, spiral gastropods, large brachiopods Latiproductus
sp., ostracods, bryozoans. In thin sections - bioclastic packstones. Algae: Fourstonella fusiformis
(Brady), Praedonezella cespeformis Kul., Anthracoporella insolita R. Ivan., Fasciella sp., Crassikamaena
sp. Foraminifers: Eotuberitina reitlingerae M. Maclay, Earlandia (Quasiearlandia) vulgaris (Raus.),
Paraarchaediscus convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. donetzianus (Sosn.), Rugosoarchaediscus agapovensis
(Iv.), Endothyra ex gr. bradyi Mikh., Similisella lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et
Reitl.), Janischewskina rovnensis Gan., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Climacammina simplex Raus.,
Eostaella mosquensis Viss., E. proikensis Raus., E. tenebrosa Viss., E. cf. chomatifera Kir., Parastaella densa
Ros. Thickness 1.0 m.
Protvian Substage.
Bed 2. Limestone is light gray, slightly brownish, with sparitic and micritic cement, porous, massive-
bedded, bioclastic with bioclast of small size, with stylolite distributed along the bed surfaces. Pores
are lled with bitumen. Fauna remains: of algae, large brachiopods, solitary rugose corals, branched
bryozoans, crinoids, holothurians, ophiures. In thin sections - bioclastic packstones. Algae: Fasciella
kizilia R. Ivan., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Praedonezella cespeformis Kul. Foraminifers: Earlandia
vulgaris (Raus.), Rugosoarchaediscus agapovensis R. Iv., Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), Bradyina cf.
cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., Parastaella. concinna Schlyk. Conodonts: Gnathodus ex gr. bilineatus
(Roundy) juv., Cavusgnathus sp. Thickness 2.45 m.
Bed 3. Light gray limestone, in the middle part brecciated, in the upper part organogenic-detrital
with thin-grained cement, dolomitized, massive-bedded, at the top detrital with small bioclastic
fragments, dolomitized, massive-bedded, with stylolites distributed horizontally along the bed surfaces,
with remains of algae, large brachiopods, branched bryozoans, crinoids and solitary rugose corals. In
Fig. 45. The view of the Quarry III from its northern wall. The red limestone is corresponded with of the
reverse fault surface.
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thin sections - bioclastic packstones, wackestone with small bioclasts. Algae: Fasciella kizilia R. Ivan.,
Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.), Paraarchaediscus itinerarius (Schlyk.),
P. koktjubensis (Raus.), P. donetzianus Sosn., P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus
(Krest. et Theod.), Neoarchaediscus regularis (Sulei.), N. timanicus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.),
Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), T. hosiensis
Cozar, Betpakodiscus kentaralensis Marf., Endothyra excellens (D. Zeller), E. ex. gr. fominae Ros., Similisella
similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), En. intermedia Raus., En. plana
Brazhn., Globoendothyra globulus (Eich.), Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., Euxinita efremovi
(Vdov. et Rost.), Tetrataxis pusilla Conil et Lys, Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Climacammina ex gr.
simplex Raus., Eostaella pseudoovoidea Raus., Parastaella bona (Ros.) lata Vdov. Thickness 2.1 m.
Bed 4. Limestone is light gray, ne detrital, with thin-grained cement, in the upper part limestone
is detrital with small bioclastic fragments, dolomitized, thick-bedded (14-15 cm), with stylolite seams
lled with bitumen. Bioclasts: brachiopods, ostracods, crinoids, bryozoans, gastropods. In thin
sections – bioclastic packstones. Algae: Fasciella kizilia R. Ivan., Ungdarella uralica Masl., Aoujgalia
variabilis Term. et Term., Beresella sp., Kulikia sphaerica Gol. Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.),
Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd.
et Leb.), P. donetzianus Sosn., P. itinerarius (Schlyk.), P. stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus
subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Neoarchaediscus regularis (Sulei.), N. gregorii (Dain.), N. postrugosus Reitl., N.
timanicus (Reitl.), N. volynicus Vdov., N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et
Leb.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Eosigmoilina (?) explicata Gan., Brenkleina
sp., Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Betpakodiscus chuensis Marf., Endothyra cf. phrissa
(D. Zeller), E. tantala (D. Zeller), E. fominae Ros., Omphalotis minima (Raus.), Endothyranopsis plana
Brazhn., Endotaxis brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), Climacammina simplex Raus., Eostaella proikensis Raus.,
E. pseudoovoidea Raus., E. angularis Brazhn., Parastaella ornata Durk. Thickness 2.83 m.
Bed 5. Limestone is light gray, organogenic-clotted with micro-porous and ne-grained cement.
Fig. 46. Outcrop 1232 (The first rock of the III Quarry).
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Organogenic-detrital, thick-bedded. The interlayer of limestone breccia occurs in the middle part.
Numerous whole shells of brachiopods, solitary and colonial rugose corals occur in the upper part. In
thin sections - bioclastic-peloidal packstones. Algae: Fasciella kizilia R. Ivan., Calcifolium okense Schw.
et Bir., Ungdarella uralica Masl., Beresella machaevi Kulik. Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.),
Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Insoletitheca variabilis (Brazhn.), Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Pojarkovella
nibelis (Durk.), Tetrataxis regularis Brazhn., T. lata Bog. et Juf., T. izhimica Durk., Globivalvulina sp.,
Eostaella mosquensis Viss., E. mirica Brazh., E. rotunda Durk. Thickness 2.0 m.
Small rocky outcrops are located on the mountain slope in between III and IV quarries. According
to the Guidebook, 2010, they were assigned to different beds of outcrops 1232-1234. In this publication
the outcrops are considered as separate localities in the direction from west to east, along the transition
from III to IV quarry (g. 45).
Outcrop 1232 (The rst rock of III Quarry).
Bed 1. Limestone is light gray, organogenic-clotted with micro- and ne-grained pore cement,
irregularly dolomitized, massive-bedded, with numerous brachiopods, solitary and colonial rugose
corals, crinoids, echinoderm spines, bryozoans, ostracods, sh remnants. In thin section - bioclastic-
peloidal packstones. Algae: Girvanella wetheredii Chap., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Fasciella
kizilia R. Ivan., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Among foraminifera the fouling biloculine forms are
predominant: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus. et Reitl.), Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Pseudoglomospira elegans.
Lip., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), Rugosoarchaediscus sp., Haplophragmina beschevensis Brazhn.,
Haplophragmella tetraloculi Raus., Endothyra versabilis (D. Zeller), E. irregularis Reitl., Similisella
similis (Raus. et Reitl.), S. lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Planoendothyra spirilliniformis (Brazhn. et Pot.),
Mikhailovella sp., Rectoendothyra priscoidea Brazhn., Pojarkovella pura (Sim.), Endothyranopsis sphaerica
(Raus. et Reitl.), Janischewskina sp., Euxinita efremovi (Vdov. et Rost.), Consobrinella intermedia (Lip.),
Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., P. crassa Lip., Cribrostomum bradyi (Moell.), Koskinobigerina cf. confusa
(Durk.), K. postprisca (Brazhn. et Vinn.), Climacammina simplex Raus., Biseriella parva (N. Tchern.),
Mediocris breviscula (Gan.), Eostaella mutabilis Raus., E. parastruvei subvasta Gan., E. ex gr. ikensis
Viss., E. angusta Kir., Eostaellina paraprotvae Raus., Millerella pauperis Durk., Pseudoendothyra
averinensa Post., Ps. parasphaerica Reitl. Thickness 1.5 m.
Bed 2 (the cave layer, g. 46). Limestone is light gray, organogenic, organogenic-detrital, unevenly
silicicated, massive-bedded with crinoids and solitary corals. Large brachiopods shell bank occurs in
the middle part of the bed. In thin sections – bioclastic packstones. Algae: Mametella sp., Crassikamaena
sp., Beresella sp., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifera: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.), Pseudoglomospira
elegans Lip., P. postserenae Brazhn., P. subquadrata (Pot. Et Vak.), Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis
(Raus.), Haplophragmina beschevensis Brazhn., Omphalotis minima Raus., Endostaella fucoides Ros.,
Globivalvulina sp., Consobrinella intermedia (Lip.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Koskinobigerina
prisca (Lip.), Climacammina obsoleta Reitl. Thickness 2.3m.
Bed 3. Limestone is light gray, organogenic-detrital, bioclastic-clotted with micro-pore and ne-
grained cement in the bottom of limestone breccia consisting of small limestone fragments (0.6
m), and massive- and thick-bedded, with remains of crinoids, brachiopods and echinoderm spines,
many algae. In thin sections - bioclastic-peloidal packstones (just above the breccia) and bioclastic
packstones containing large crystals of dolomite. Algae: Girvanella wetheredii Chap., Calcifolium okense
Schw. et Bir., Praedonezella cespeformis Kulik., Claracrusta catenoides (Hom.), Ungdarella uralica Masl.
Foraminifers: Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), Endothyra
versabilis (D. Zeller), Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), Janischewskina minuscularia Gan.,
Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., Consobrinella intermedia (Lip.), Koskinobigerina prisca (Lip.),
Climacammina padunensis Gan., Eostaella angularis Brazhn. Thickness 1.6 m.
Bed 4. At the base of the bed - yellow-gray dolomite, ne- and medium-grained, incoherent, porous
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(0.48 m). Limestone is light gray, organogenic (brachiopod), organogenic-clotted with crustied-pore
cement, massive, with rugose corals, crinoids, bryozoans, and ostracods. In thin sections - bioclastic-
peloidal packstones, grainstones, with rare ooids, porous. Algae: Ortonella fruticulata R. Iv. Foraminifers:
Pseudoglomospira postserenae Brazhn., P. subquadrata (Pot. et Vak.), Ps. pusilliformis Reitl., Endothyra
irregularis Reitl., Globivalvulina kamensis Reitl., Eostaella parastruvei Raus., E. ex gr. pseudostruvei
(Raus.), E. mosquensis Viss., E. postmosquensis Kir., Eostaellina paraprotvae Raus., Parastaella moderata
Durk., P. nautiliformis Durk. Thickness 1.42 m.
Bed 5. Limestone is light gray, organogenic detrital, organogenic-clotted with pore and basal
cement, massive, with remains of crinoids, echinoderm spines, brachiopods, ostracods. Within the
bed the detritus is covered with cyanobacterial crust (Ortonella sp.). In thin sections - bioclastic-
peloidal wakstone, packstone. Foraminifers: Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Haplophragmina beschevensis
Brazhn., Endothyra irregularis Reitl., Globivalvulina sp., Eostaella pseudoovoidea (Raus.), Eostaellina
paraprotvae Raus. Thickness 0.92 m.
Bed 6. Limestone is light gray, almost white, organogenic detrital, stained, bioclastic-clotted with
basal or crustied micro-pore and ne-grained cement. It is thick-bedded (25 cm). Fauna remains
include crinoids, echinoderm spines, ostracods. In thin sections - bioclastic, bioclastic-peloidal
packstones. Algae: Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Praedonezella cespeformis Kulik., Beresella machaevi
Kulik., Dvinella secunda Kulik, Sphaeroporella antropovi Berch., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers:
Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), E. vulgaris (Raus.), Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Pseudoglomospira
subquadrata (Pot. et Vak.), Paraarchaediscus convexus Grozd. et Leb., P. grandiculus (Schlyk.), P.
itinerarius Schlyk., P. vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus ovoides (Raus.), A. subbaschkiricus
Reitl., Haplophragmina angularis Brazhn., Insoletitheca horridus (Brazhn.), Endothyra bradyi Mikh.,
Similisella lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Mikhailovella popleformis Durk., Rectoendothyra priscoidea Brazhn.,
R. donbassica Brazhn., Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et
Reitl., B. nana Pot., Globivalvulina kamensis Reitl., Consobrinella intermedia (Lip.), Palaeotextularia
longiseptata Lip., P. ex gr. angusta Reitl., Cribrostomum fortis Durk., Cr. bradyi (Moell.), Koskinobigerina
postprisca (Brazhn. et Vinn.), K. prisca (Lip.), Climacammina simplex Raus., Endostaella shamordini
(Raus.), Mediocris mediocris Viss., Eostaella ovesa Gan., E. pseudoovoidea (Raus.), E. parastruvei Raus.,
E. proikensis Viss., E. mosquensis acuta Raus., E. mosquensis attenta Gan., E. pseudostruvei chomatifera
Kir., E. pseudostruvei angusta Kir., E. postmosquensis Kir., E. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir.,
Millerella umbilicata Kir., Parastaella struvei (Moell.). Thickness 1.75 m.
Bed 7. Limestone is light gray, almost brown, bioclastic-clotted (lower 0.34 m) with crustied,
thin-, small- or medium pore cement, middle-bedded, with remains of echinoderms, crinoids,
gastropods, ostracods, trace fossils. It is overlapped by yellow-gray, ne-grained, soft, porous dolomite
(0.14 m). At the top of the bed, there is a bank of large solitary corals and brachiopods (1.29 m).
In thin sections of the basal part of the bed – bioclastic-spines grainstone, peloidal packstone with
trace fossils. Algae: Dvinella secunda Kulik. Foraminifers: Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), E. vulgaris
(Raus.), Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et
Reitl., B. nana Pot., Globivalvulina kamensis Reitl., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Cribrostomum
juditchevi Durk., Cr. bradyi (Moell.), Consobrinella intermedia (Lip.), Mediocris ovalis (Viss.), Eostaella
prisca Raus., E. parastruvei Raus., E. parastruvei chusovensis Kir., E. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir.,
E. pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir., Millerella umbilicata Kir., Parastaella crassa Ros. Thickness 1.77 m.
Bed 8 is dropped at the cliff of the eastern wall of Quarry III (in the highest part). Limestone
is light gray, almost white or slightly brownish, brachiopod coquina with rugose corals or algal with
thin- and micro-grained pore cement. Limestone is interbedded with organogenic detrital, clotted
with basal ne- and micro-grained cement, thick-bedded and massive (10-60 cm). In thin sections
– bioclastic-peloidal wackestone with cyanobacterial nodules, bioclastic packstone with crinoids,
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ostracods, brachiopods, gastropods, bryozoans, sh. Algal limestones are bafestone with brachiopods,
crinoids, echinoderm spines, rugose corals. Algae: Malachovella malachovae Mam. et Roux., Ortonella
sp., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Fasciella kizilia R. Ivan., Claracrusta catenoides Mam. et Roux.,
Stacheoides tenuis Petr. et Mam., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers: Earlandia elegans (Raus. et
Reitl.), Pseudoglomospira postserenae Brazhn., Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), Archaediscus moelleri
Raus., Asteroarchaediscus ovoides (Raus.), A. subbaschkiricus Reitl., Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N.
timanicus (Reitl.), Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Insoletitheca horridus (Brazhn.),
Endothyra bradyi Mikh., E. phrissa (D. Zeller), Similisella lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Endothyranopsis crassa
(Raus. et Reitl.), En. sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), En. plana Brazhn., Bradyina nana Pot., Euxinita
efremovi (Vdov. et Rost.), Globivalvulina scaphoidea Reitl., Consobrinella intermedia (Lip.), C. confusa
(Durk.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Cribrostomum fortis Durk., Cr. bradyi (Moell.), Climacammina
simplex Raus., Mediocris breviscula Gan., Endostaella shamordini (Raus.), Eostaella pseudoovoidea (Raus.),
E. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., Millerella pauperis Durk., M. anfractuosa Post., Parastaella struvei
(Moell.). Conodonts are rare: Gnathodus ex gr. bilineatus (Roundy) juv., Cavusgnathus sp. Thickness 3.60 m.
Covered interval. e second and third rocks of Quarry III duplicate each other. Two beds are
subdivided.
Bed 1. Light gray, almost white, yellow, organogenic detrital limestone, with pore or basal cement,
massive bedded, stylolite seams are developed parallel to bedding, with fragments and whole shells of
brachiopods, crinoids, with colonial rugose corals at the top. Foraminifers: Earlandia minor (Raus.),
Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. Et Reitl.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip. etc.; brachiopods Striatifera
striata (Fisch.), Actinoconchus adepressiora (Ein.). Thickness 2.90 m.
Bed 2. Light gray, mostly organogenic, brachiopod limestone with solitary and colonial rugose
corals, tabulates and Chaetetidae. At the top of the bed, there is an interlayer of limestone breccia
with small limestone fragments (30 cm), above - stromatolite limestone (40 cm) and at the top - coral -
brachiopod limestone (27 cm). Foraminifers: Earlandia minor (Raus.), Endothyranopsis sphaericus (Raus.
Et Reitl.), Palaeotextularia longisepatata Lip. etc. Thickness 2.77 m.
Further, up the hillside 9 m are covered. e fourth rock in quarry III is low stepped outcrops,
which are not distinguishable on panoramic pictures. By foraminifers data the limestones are attributed
to the Staroutkinskian Substage (Serpukhovian). Two beds were distinguished.
Staroutkinskian Substage
Bed 1. Brown-gray, bioclastic limestone, bioclasts of small size, pore ne-grained cement, pink
siliceous nodules, thick-bedded. Remains of bryozoans, crinoids, echinoderm spines, ostracods,
brachiopods occur. In thin sections - bioclastic packstones with bioclasts of small size. Breccia (30
cm) accumulated at the top is formed by dark gray rubbles up to 3 cm and detritus. Unevenly silicied,
cement is basal pore or ne-grained, breccia contains remains of algae, gastropods, echinoderms
spines, cyanobacterial nodules. Assemblage of foraminifers is typical of biocastic-detrital limestone:
Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), Ammovertella ex gr. inversa Schellw., Palaeonubecularia uniserialis
Reitl., Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. stilus
(Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.),
N. regularis (Sulei.), N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides
(Brazhn. et Vdov.), Eosigmoilina explicata Gan., Haplophragmina beschevensis Brazhn., Endothyra
bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Planoendothyra spirilliniformis (Brazhn. et Pot.),
Eostaella acuta nana Kir., E. mutabilis Raus., E. ex gr. mirica Brazhn. The fragments of the
algae Pseudostacheoides sp. were found. Assemblage of foraminifers, found in the limestone breccia
includes: Palaeonubecularia uniserialis Reitl., Pseudoglomospira subquadrata (Pot. et Vak.), Archaediscus
variabilis Reitl., A. krestovnikovi Raus., Planospirodiscus sp., Neoarchaediscus regularis (Sulei.), N.
postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), N. volynicus Vdov., N. timanicus (Reitl.), Tubispirodiscus
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attenuatus (Marf.), T. cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis
(Raus. et Reitl.), Globivalvulina bulloides (Brady), Mediocris breviscula Gan., Eostaella acuta nana
Kir., E. pseudostruvei angusta Kir., E. postmosquensis Kir., E. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir.,
Eostaellina paraprotvae Raus., Eos. vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Plectostaella reitlingeri Grov., P.
varvariensis lata Brazhn. et Vdov., Millerella pressula Gan., Parastaella utkaensa Post., P. bona Ros.,
P. nautiliformis Durk. Algae: Praedonezella cespeformis Kulik., Cuneiphycus sp., Masloviporidium delicata
(Berch.). Thickness 1.6 m. Bed 1 corresponds to bed 30 of the Ladeiny Log section.
Bed 2. Brown-gray, yellow-gray, spotted, organogenic-detrital limestone (fragments and gruss
were found throughout the layer; fragments at the top are rounded). Limestone is irregularly silicied,
thick-bedded and massive (11-45 cm), with fragments and whole shells of brachiopods, gastropods,
echinoderm spines, crinoids, ostracods, stromatolite nodules. Organic remains are often covered by
stromatolite crusts. Algae: Praedonezella cespeformis Kulik., Palaeoberesella sp., Masloviporidium delicata
(Berch.). Foraminifers: Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. gregorii (Dain), N.
timanicus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), N. volynicus Vdov., Planoendothyra spirilliniformis
(Brazhn. et Pot.), Pojarkovella sp., Biseriella parva (N. Tcher.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata magna Lip.,
Mediocris minima Durk., Eostaella pseudostruvei (Raus.), E. postmosquensis Kir., E. postmosquensis
acutiformis Kir., E. ulutchurica Rum., Eostaellina paraprotvae Raus., Plectostaella tenuissima
Brazhn. et Vdov., Pl. reitlingeri Grov., Pseudoendothyra averinensa complanata Post., Parastaella
struvei (Moell.), P. utkaensa Post., P. ornata Durk., P. nautiliformis Durk. Conodonts were not found.
Thickness 1.74 m.
Fifth Rock has the number 1234. This outcrop is a long ridge at the western wall of Quarry IV.
Three beds are measured.
Carboniferous system
Middle Series (= Lower Pennsylvanian)
Bashkirian Stage
Fig. 47. Fourth rock from the Quarry III. Staroutkinskian Substage of the Upper Serpukhovian.
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Akavasskian Substage (upper part)
Bed 1. Light gray, almost white, algal, foraminiferal-algal limestone, with pore, rare basal ne-
and middle-grained cement, with siliceous nodules, massive, rarely basal small- and medium-cement,
with nodules of int, massive, with remains of crinoids, bryozoans, brachiopods, and algae. In thin
sections - algal, foraminiferal-algal bindstone. Algae: Donezella lutugini Masl., Dvinella sp., Ungdarella
gracilissima Kulik. Foraminifers: Archaediscus variabilis Reitl., Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus
grandis Reitl., A. subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Neoarchaediscus postrugosus (Reitl.), Endothyra irregularis
Reitl., E. versabilis (D.Zeller), Planoendothyra spirilliniformis (Brazhn. et Pot.), Bradyina concinna
Reitl., Globivalvulina kamensis Reitl., Palaeotextularia primitiva Reitl., Climacammina aljutovica Reitl.,
Eostaella postmosquensis Kir., E. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., E. ex gr. pseudostruvei (Raus.), E. acuta
Fig. 48. Outcrop1234. Lower Bashkirian
Fig. 49.The Upper Bashkirian substage in outcrop 1236 (IV quarry).
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Grozd. Et Leb., Eostaellina protvae Raus., E. paraprotvae Raus., Plectostaella varvariensis (Brazhn. et
Pot.), Semistaella inconstans Reitl., S. variabilis (Reitl.), Pseudostaella antiqua (Dutk.). Conodonts -
Adetognathus lautus (Gunnell). Thickness 1.15 m.
Bed 2. Light gray, ne clotted limestone with rounded detritus of algae and foraminifera, with
thin- and ne-grained pore cement, interbedded with lenticular nodules and interlayers of stromatolite
limestone and lenticular siliceous interlayers. Algae: Donezella lutugini Masl., Beresella erecta Masl. et
Kulik, Dvinella sp., Pseudoungdarella linearis R. Iv. Foraminifers: Pseudoglomospira subquadrata (Pot. et
Vak.), Neoarchaediscus postrugosus (Reitl.), N. gregorii (Dain), N. gregorii acutiformis (Grozd. et Leb.), N.
incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), N. timanicus (Reitl.), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Planoendothyra
spirilliniformis (Brazhn. et Pot.), Bradyina ex gr. nautiliformis (Möller), Eostaella postmosquensis Kir.,
Plectostaella bogdanovkensis Reitl., P. jakhensis Reitl., P. cf. evolutica Rum., Semistaella variabilis (Reitl.),
Pseudostaella antiqua (Dutk.), Topilinia proozawai Kir., Parastaella sp. Thickness 0.21 - 0.30 m.
Askynbashyan Substage
Bed 3. Light gray, brownish, organogenic detrital limestone, detritus of large size, massive at
the bottom; algae and clotted with small rounded detritus, middle- and thick-bedded at the top, with
numerous crinoids, echinoderm spines, brachiopods, gastropods, rugose corals, fusulinids. All kinds
of limestone have sparitic cement. In thin sections: bioclastic grainstones dominate. At the base – a
plate of coral limestone with fasciculate colonial corals and Chaetetidae. Algae: Donezella lutugini
Masl., Anthracoporella sp., Beresella erecta Masl. et Kulik, Dvinella sp., Ungdarella gracilissima Kulik., U.
uralica Masl., Pseudoungdarella linearis R. Iv. Foraminifers: Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Pseudoglomospira
pusilliformis Reitl., Paraarchaediscus donetzianus Sosn., Neoarchaediscus postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus
(Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus grandis Reitl., A. subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Endothyra
irregularis Reitl., E. baschkirica Pot., Planoendothyra spirilliniformis evoluta Reitl., Bradyina concinna
Reitl., B. cf. pauciseptata Reitl., Tetrataxis parviconica Lee et Chen., Globivalvulina ex gr. mosquensis Reitl.,
G. kamensis Reitl., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., P. angusta elongata Reitl., P. gibbosaeformis Reitl.,
Climacammina fragilis Reitl., Eostaella postmosquensis Kir., E. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., Eostaella
acuta Grozd. et Leb., E. acuta nana Kir., E. pseudostruvei angusta Kir., E. ex gr. kashirica Raus., Millerella
uralica Kir., M. umbilicata Kir., Novella aperta Grozd. et Leb., Plectostaella ex gr. varvariensis (Brazhn.
et Pot.), Semistaella variabilis (Reitl.), Eoschubertella mosquensis (Raus.), Pseudostaella antiqua
(Dutk.), Ps. grandis Schlyk., Ps. varsanoevae (Raus.), Ps. praegorskyi Raus., Profusulinella parva
(Lee et Chen), Pseudoendothyra ex gr. parasphaerica Reitl., Parastaella dagmarae (Dutk.), P. keltmensis
Raus., P. preobrajenskyi (Dutk.), P. a. mathildae (Dutk.). Rugose corals: ?Heintzella singularis (Gorsky),
Amygdalophylloides bashkiricus (Gorsky). Conodonts: Adetognathus lautus (Gunnell), Idiognathoides cf.
sinuatus Harris et Hollingsworth. Thickness 2.8 m.
Occurrence of Adetognathus lautus in two specimens in out. 1234 shows very shallow water
environments.
IV Quarry (outcrop 1236, Fig. 49).
16 beds are distinguished.
Kamennogorian Substage
Mariinsky Formation
Lower subformation
Bed 1. Light gray, brecciated limestone. Fragments are covered with red clay. The fragments are
represented by organogenic clotted limestone with pore thin- and ne-grained crystalline cement, in
some parts organogenic-detrital with basal micro grained cement. Limestone is dolomitized. It includes
stromatolite nodules and remains of algae, brachiopods, ostracods, brachiopods. In thin sections:
bioclastic-peloidal grainstone, packstone. Algae: Donezella lutugini Masl., Dvinella sp. Foraminifers:
Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Globivalvulina kamensis Reitl., Plectostaella ex gr. varvariensis (Brazhn. et
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Pot.), Parastaella struvei (Moell.). Conodonts are not found. Thickness 0.40 m.
Bed 2. Light gray, brownish, organogenic detrital limestone, cement basal micro- and ne-
grained. Limestone grades into organogenic-clotted with ne-grained cement. Siliceous nodules
occur in the upper part. Massive-bedding or unclear thick-bedding is characteristic. Remnants of
algae, brachiopods, gastropods were found. At the top surface it is overcovered by a thin interlayer
of green clay. In thin sections – bioclastic wackestone, bioclastic-peloidal grainstone. The assemblage
of algae and foraminifera is similar with layer 1. Algae: Dvinella distorta Kulik., Kavaena sp., Dvinella
sp., Ungdarelloides cf. squalidis Tchuv et Anm, Stacheoides sp., Dvinella ex gr bifurcate Maslov et
Kulik, Ungdarella uralica Maslov. Foraminifers: Eostaella postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., Millerella
uralica Kir., Pseudostaella sp., Eostaella pseudoovoides Reitl., Eostaella pseudostruvei (Raus et Bel.),?
Archaediscus sp., Biseriella sp., Pseudoglomospira sp., Plectostaella sp., Biseriella parva (N. Tchernyscheva),
Pseudoglomospira sp., Mediocris sp., Palaeonubecularia sp. (ex gr rustica Reitl.). Conodonts were not
found. Thickness 1.04 m.
Bed 3. Light gray limestone breccia, with fragments of dark gray or brown-gray limestone.
Fragments are of rubble and gravel size. The amount of debris decreases upward. Cement is
crystalline, ne- to coarse-grained. Breccia is vaguely thick-bedded. The bedding surface is rough and
bumpy. Remains of crinoids, echinoderms spins, brachiopods were observed. Algae: Donezella lutugini
Masl., Dvinella sp., Ungdarella gracilissima Kulik., U. uralica Masl. Foraminifers: Tolypammina fortis
Reitl., Neoarchaediscus postrugosus (Reitl.), N. gregorii (Dain), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus (Reitl.),
Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., B. nana Pot., Globivalvulina kamensis Reitl., Climacammina sp.,
Eostaella postmosquensis Kir., Millerella uralica Kir., Parastaella dagmarae (Dutk.). In wreckage
of limestone Semistaella variabilis (Reitl.) and Pseudostaella sp. (Dutk.). Rugose corals: ?Heintzella
aff. singularis (Gorsky) (Plate 9, Fig. 9-10). Thickness 1.00 m.
Bed 4. Brown-gray, algal-foraminiferous, massive-bedded limestone (bindstone). Cement is pore
thin- , ne-and medium grained. Rocks are dolomitized. Remains of crinoids, echonoderms, branched
bryozoans, brachiopods, gastropods, with stromatolite nodules were found. The top is rough. The
interlayer surfaces are covered with green clay bearing limestone fragments. Bioclasts and algae fragments
are surrounded by crust of dark micro-grained calcite. Algae: Donezella lutugini Masl., Dvinella sp.,
Komia sp., Ungdarella gracilissima Kulik., U. uralica Masl., Pseudoungdarella linearis R. Iv. Foraminifers:
Paraarchaediscus donetzianus Sosn., Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Neoarchaediscus ex gr.
incertis (Grozd et Leb.), Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., Millerella umbilicata Kir., Parastaella
dagmarae (Dutk.), P. composita (Dutk.), Eostaella pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir., Pseudostaella aff.
krasnopolskyi (Dut.), Biseriella sp.,? Sponges: Chaetetes sheri Stuckenberg (Plate 9, Fig. 1). Pseudoendotyra
sp. Conodonts are not found. Thickness 0.80 m.
Bed 5. Light gray, organogenic detrital, clotted, massive-bedded limestone with some rounded
lithoclasts, bioclasts, and algae fragments. Cement is basal, micro- and ne-grained. Rocks are partly
dolomitized. Remains of fasciculate and solitary rugose corals, small brachiopods, gastropods,
crinoids, echinoderms, and sh occur. In thin sections: foraminiferal algae pack-grainstone with
rugose, corals, Chaetetidae, gastropods. Algae: Donezella lutugini Masl., Anthracoporella sp., Beresella
erecta Masl. et Kulik, Dvinella sp., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers: Eostaella pseudostruvei (Raus.
et Bel.), Eostaella pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir., Plectostaella sp (ex gr. orbiculata R. Ivan.), Millerella
uralica Kir., Biseriella sp., Tolypammina sp., Pseudoendotyra sp. Sponges: Chaetetes sheri Stuckenberg.
Conodonts are rare and represented by ramiform elements. Rugose corals: ?Heintzella kosvense (Gorsky)
(Plate 9, Fig. 2-3). Thickness 1.10 m.
Bed 6. Light gray and gray limestone, micro-grained in the lower part. It grades into clotted
limestone with ne-grained cement. In this part limestone bears isolated thin valves and whole shells
of ostracods. At the top - organogenic detrital limestone with thin, ne- and medium-grained cement,
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dolomitized, middle- and thick-bedded. All interlayer surfaces are underlined by stylolite seams and
are covered by very a thin seam of green clay (this gives a specic pattern to the bed). The remnants
of fasciculate rugose corals, brachiopods, crinoids, echinoderm spines, and algae were found. In
thin sections: brachiopod-crinoid grain – and rudstone with foraminifers, fasciculate rugose corals.
Foraminifers are represented by abundant Bradyina and Textulariidae. Rugose corals: ? Heintzella
stuckenbergi (Dobr.) (Plate 9, Fig. 12-13). Conodonts were not found. Thickness 2.1 m.
Akavassian Substage
Bed 7. Yellowish gray, organogenic detrital (detritus partly rounded), foraminiferal-algal limestone
with mixed cement. At the bottom limestone is ne-grained, pelitomorphic, with trace fossils. Upward
it grades into organogenic clotted one. Cement is pore ne-grained. At the top – stromatolite
limestone, with thick and massive bedding. Fauna remains include crinoids, echinoderms, brachiopods.
At the top interlayers are separated by green clay including more calcareous clots. Algae: Komia sp.
Foraminifers: Eostaella pseudostruvei (Raus. et Bel.), Pseudostaella antiqua (Dut.), Ps. antiqua posterior
Saf., Plectostaella varvariensis (Brazh. et Pot.). Thickness 1.65 m.
Bed 8. White, yellowish-gray organogenic detrital brecciated limestone bearing ne lumpy rounded
detritus. Cement is crystalline (ne, coarse) and basal ne-grained, medium. Limestone is thick-bedded
at the bottom. At the top it is massive-bedded. Remains of brachiopods, crinoids, bryozoans occur.
The upper limestone (1.60 m) bears siliceous nodules. At the top surface it is shown by stromatolite
limestone covered with green bentonite clay up to 15 cm (Fig. 50). In thin section: foraminifers
grainstone with remains of brachiopod valves, rare bryozoans, rugose corals, echinoderm spines,
sponges (Plate , Fig. 15), fragments of ooid-foraminifers pack- and wackestone. Algae: Kamaena cf
magna R. Ivan, Ungdarella uralica Maslov. Foraminifers: Neoarchaediscus ex gr incertis (Grozd et Leb),
Biseriella sp., Pseudoglomospira sp., Tolypammina sp. Rugose corals: Cyathopsidae gen. et sp. Indet., ?
Heintzella sp. (Plate 9, g.14) Conodonts were not found. Thickness 3.05 m.
Tashastinian Substage
Mariinskyi Formation
Upper Subformation
Bed 9. Strongly bioturbated, detrital, oolitic limestone with lithoclasts and numerous detritus.
Limestone is light brownish-gray with darker strips, with interlayers of limestone breccia in the lower
part, thick- and massive-bedded (23–66 cm), with siliceous nodules. Remains of crinoids, brachiopods,
algae and colonial rugose corals were found. At the bottom – algae grainstone with rare foraminifers,
pack-wackstone with ooids and lithoclasts. The number of foraminifers increases upwards. Algae:
Ungdarella uralica Maslov, Dvinella distorta Kulik, Foraminifers: Pseudostaella cf. antiqua (Dut.),
Eostaella vasta Ros., Eo.aff. paraprotva (Raus.), Plectostaella sp. Bradyina aff. cribrostomata Raus. et
Reitl , Climacammina sp. (ex gr. obsoleta Reitl.), Haplophragmina sp. Rare conodonts are represented
by Declinognathodus marginodosus (Grayson), Idiognathoides sinuatus Harris et Hollingsworth,
Idiognathodus cf. sinuosus Ellison et Graves. Thickness 2.31 m.
Bed 10. Light brownish-gray, oolitic limestone, with plenty of detritus, massive-bedded (50-
167 cm). The bed surface is shown by stromatolite crust. The remains of brachiopods, crinoids,
echinoderm spines, gastropods were found. At the top – yellowish-gray, ne-grained and medium-
grained, soft, porous dolomite. Thickness 0.84 m. Foraminifers: Eostaella vasta Ros., Plectostaella sp.,
Climacammina sp, Parastaella timanica Raus., Parast. moelleri (Ozawa) , Pseudostaella ex gr. antiqua
Dut., Ps. antiqua posterior Saf., Eostaella rotunda Dur., Eostaella pseudostruvei (Raus. et Bel.), Semistaella
sp., Glomospira pusilliformis Reitl., Bradyina sp. Conodonts were not found. Thickness 5.48 m.
Bed 11. Light, yellowish-gray, algal, massive-bedded (53-71 cm) limestone. Remains of crinoids,
brachiopods occur. In thin sections foraminifers-algae bioturbated grain-packstone, with small
crinoids. Algae: Dvinella sp, Donezella sp. Foraminifers: Archaediscus grandiculus Schlyk., Semistaella
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Fig. 50. The interlayer of benthonite clay between beds 8 and 9 in outcrop 1236
aff. primitive Reitl., Eostaella postmosquensis Kir., Pseudostaella antiqua posterior Saf., Pseudostaella
ex gr. antiqua Dut., Millerella aff. uralica Kir., Pseudoendothyra sp., Biseriella aff. parva (N. Tchern.),
Bradyina sp., Br. aff. cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl (abundant), Climacammina sp. Conodonts were not
found. Thickness 2.70 m.
Bed 12. Light gray, oolitic limestone with plenty of detritus. Limestone is dolomitized, thick- or
massive-bedded (11-48 cm). In the layers where dolomitization is stronger, the bed is represented
by yellow-gray dolomite, ne- and medium-grained, with detritus (0.54 m). Remains of crinoids,
echinoderm spines were found. The erosion surface of the top is marked with disintegrated weathered
dolomite. In thin sections: at the bottom – crinoid rudstone. At the top – porous dolomite. Conodonts
Idiognathoides sinuatus Harris et Hollingsworth. Thickness 1.13 m.
Bed 13. Yellowish-gray, almost white dolomite, with lenses and interlayers of organogenic
detrital limestone. Dolomite is thick-bedded (28-29 cm). Remains of brachiopods and crinoids are
characteristic. In thin sections: intercalation of dolomite or dolomitized mudstone with stromatolite
crusts. Conodonts were not found. Thickness 0.80 m.
Asatauian Substage
Bed 14. Brown-gray organogenic detritus and algal limestone. Rocks are brecciated, with clay
interlayers. Limestone is lenticular, medium- and thick-bedded (6-18 cm). Remains of brachiopods,
ostracods, gastropods, bryozoans, ostracosds, crinoids and algae were found. Foraminifers:
Planoendothyra sp., Eostaela mutabilis Raus., E. postmosquensis Kir., E. ex gr. parastruvei (Raus.),
Plectostaella ex gr. varvariensis (Brazh. et Pot.), Ozawainella umbonata Brazh. et Pot., Novella sp (?
evoluta mosquensis Raus.), Pseudostaella sp. (ex gr. larionovae?), Ps. a. nikolaevskiensis Man., Iliyna
et Serezh. Conodonts: Idiognathoides ouachitensis (Harlton), Idiognathodus aljutovensis Alekseev et al.,
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Fig. 51. Base of the Moscovian (bed 16) in outcrop 1236
Idiognathoides sinuatus Harris et Hollingsworth, Neognathodus cf. atokaensis Grayson, Neognathodus sp.,
Hindeodus minutus (Ellison). Thickness 1.14 m.
Bed 15. Limestone is banded, gray and dark-gray, organogenic-clastic, organogenic detrital,
brecciated, with a touch of green clay, medium and thick-lenticular-bedded (12-22 cm). Interlayer
of breccia is located at the base of the upper part of the bed (22 cm). Remains of brachiopods were
found. In thin sections: bioturbated wackestone and spiculous-foraminifers packstone with hummocky
palaeosoil surface. Conodonts were not found. Thickness 0.73 m.
Elovka Formation
Bed 16 (Fig. 51). Greenish-gray, green, pelitomorphic, thin-bedded, foliated marl and mudstone.
The interlayer surface is smooth. They are interbedded with gray organogenic detrital, sludge, clayey
limestone. Remains of sponge spicules, conulariid, small gastropods, crinoids, brachiopods, and sh
occur. The number of limestone layers increases in the upper part of the unit. Numerous pyrite cubes
occur. In thin sections: brachiopod bufestone. The space between shells is lled with mudstone
or foraminiferous grainstone. Small crinoids occur rather rarely. Foraminifers: Eostaela ex gr.
mutabilis Raus. (rare), Millerella sp., Novella ex gr. evoluta Grozd. et Leb., Endothyra ex gr. similis Raus.,
Planoendothyra sp., Pseudoglomospira sp.(numerous), Biseriella sp., Eotuberitina plana (Reitl.). Conodonts:
Idiognathoides fossatus (Harris et Hollingsworth) and ramiphorm elements. Thickness 2.7 m.
The block of rocks lithologically similar with Elovka Formation.was found in the debris of the
bed 16. It contains conodonts of the Kashirian Substage such as Idiognathodus aljutovensis Alekseev
et al., Id. voltesis Alekseev et al., Neognathodus tsnensis Alekseev et Gerelzezeg, N. aff. tsnensis Alekseev
et Gerelzezeg..
Probably the boundary with the Moscovian Stage is in the upper part of the outcrop of the Elovka
Formation in the Mariinsky Log section, but it has not been conrmed by biostratigraphic data.
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Plate 6
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Plate 7
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Explanation of Plate 6
Foraminifers
All figures with an increase of 75
Figs. 1, 2. Eostaffella postmosquensis Kir. (sample 10.1, 11.1)
Figs. 3, 4. Eostaffella postmosquensis acutiformis Kir. (sample 11.2b, 14.1)
Figs. 5, 6. Eostaffella pseudostruvei Raus. (sample А-7.2)
Figs. 7, 8. Eostaffella pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir. (sample 11.2b)
Fig. 9. Eostaffella pseudostruvei (Raus. et Bel.) (sample А-5.2)
Figs. 10-12. Eostaffella pseudoovoidea Reitl. (sample А-2.2, А-7.2)
Fig. 13. Eostaffella sp. (sample 11.1)
Fig. 14. Millerella elegantula (Raus.) (sample 11.1)
Figs. 15, 16, 26. Millerella variabilis Raus. (sample А-5.2, А-2.2, 11.1)
Figs. 17-19. Plectostaffella bogdanovkensis Reitl. (sample А-5.2, А-7.2)
Fig. 20. Plectostaffella sp. (sample 11.2b)
Fig. 21. Plectostaffella varvariensis (Brazh. et Pot.) (sample А-8.1)
Fig. 22. Eostaffella ex gr. mutabilis Raus. (sample 14.2)
Fig. 23, 24. Eostaffella mirifica Brazh. (sample 14.2, 14.1)
Fig. 25. Eostaffella sp. (sample 14.1)
Figs. 27, 28, 31, 32. Biseriella parva Tchern. (sample 11.2b, А-5.2, А-2.2)
Figs. 29, 30, 33, 34. Biseriella aff. moderata Reitl. (sample А-8.1, 11.2b, А- 4.1, А-5.2)
Figs. 35. Endothyranella gracilis Raus. (sample 1236-16)
Explanation of Plate 7
Foraminifers
Figures 1-20 with an increase of 50; figures 21-24 with an increase of about 30.
Figs. 1, 2. Novella aff. intermedia Raus. (sample 1236-16)
Figs. 3, 4. Pseudostaffella antiqua (Dut.) (sample А-7.2, 11.2b)
Figs. 5-7. Pseudostaffella primaeva Put. (sample 10.1, 11.2b)
Figs. 8, 9. Pseudostaffella uralica Kir. (sample 11.2b)
Figs. 10-12. Pseudostaffella antiqua grandis Shlyk. (sample А-7.2, 1236/ 10-2, 1236-11/2b)
Figs. 13, 14. Pseudostaffella nikolaevskiensis Man. (sample 11.1)
Figs. 15, 16. Pseudostaffella ex gr. needhani Thomps. (sample 11.1)
Fig. 17. Pseudostaffella aff. quadrata Deprat (sample 14.2)
Fig. 18, 19. Pseudostaffella subquadrata Grozd. et Leb. (sample 11.1)
Fig. 20. Pseudostaffella compressa (Raus.) (sample 11.1)
Fig. 21. Pseudoendothyra timanica (Raus). (sample 10.1)
Fig. 22. Pseudoendothyra moelleri (Ozawa) (sample 10.1)
Fig. 23. Pseudoendothyra keltmensis (Raus) (sample 10.1)
Fig. 24. Pseudoendothyra bradyi (Moell.) (sample 10.1)
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Explanation of Plate 8
Foraminifers
Figs. 1-5. Bradyina (x20): 1 - B. ex gr. cribrostomata Raus. et Bel. (sample 10-3.2), 2-4 - B. cf. pseudonautiliformis
Reitl. (sample 10-3.2, 11.1), 5- Bradyina sp. (sample 1236-9/2b)
Figs. 6-8. Climacammina sp. (sample 11.1 x50, 14.2 x50, 9.3 x40)
Figs. 9, 10. Brunsia(? ) aff. pseudopulchra (Lip.), x100. (sample. 11.2b, 14.2)
Figs. 11. Pseudoglomospira sp., x100 (sample 1236-16)
Fig. 12, 13. Ammovertella vaga Reitl., x100, слой 16, обр. 1236-16)
Fig. 15, 16. Archaediscus karreriformis Reitl., x100, нижняя часть слоя 10, обр. 10.1)
Fig. 17. Archaediscus sp., x100, (sample А-8.1)
Fig. 18, 19. Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis (Grozd.), x100, (sample 11.2b)
Fig. 20. Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), x100, (sample А-8.1)
Figs. 21-24. Algae: 21 - Dvinella (?) sp., (sample 1236/ 10-2); 22 - Ungdarella sp. (sample 9.3); 23 - Beresella sp.
(sample 10.1); 24 - Komia sp. (sample А- 4.1)
Plate 8
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1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10
11 12
13 14 15
Plate 9
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Plate 9
Corals
Fig.1. Chaetetes fisheri Stuckenberg, Specimen 5/1, x 4, Mariinsky Log section, Quarry IV, outcrop 1236, bed 5,
Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian Regional Substage,.
Fig.2 3. ? Heintzella kosvense (Gorsky) 2-Specimen 5/1-1 Transverse section of two corallies. X3, ,3 - specimen 5-1-
1a, oblique longitudinal section from the same fragment as fig.2, x3. Mariinsky Log section, Quarry 4, outcrop 1236,
bed 5, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian Regional Substage.
Fig. 4 -6. ? Heintzella singularis (Gorsky), specimen 1234-3-1, x 3. Mariinsky Log section, above the Quarry III,
outcrop 1234, bed 3, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian or Akavassian Regional Substage.
Fig. 7, 8. Koninckophylloides regularis (Gorsky), specimen 1234-3-2a, x 3, Mariinsky Log section, above the
Quarry III, outcrop 1234, bed 3, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian or Akavassian Regional Substage.
Fig. 9, 10. ? Heintzella aff. singularis (Gorsky) Mariinsky Log section, specimen A-3-1, x 3. Mariinsky Log section,
Quarry IV, outcrop 1236, bed 3, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian Regional Substage.
Fig. 11. Amygdalophylloides bashkiricus (Gorsky), specimen 1234-3-1, transverse section x 4. Mariinsky Log
section, above the Quarry III, outcrop 1234, bed 3, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian or Akavassian
Regional Substage.
Fig. 12-13. Heintzella stuckenbergi (Dobr.), specimen A-6-2-2. x 3. Mariinsky Log section, Quarry IV, outcrop 1236,
bed 6, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Kamennogorian Regional Substage (upper most part).
Fig. 14. Cyathopsidae gen. et sp. indet., Heintzella sp. x 5. Thin section 1236-8.1. Mariinsky Log section, Quarry IV,
outcrop 1236, bed 8, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Akavassian Regional Substage (uppermost part).
Fig. 15. Sponge. Real size 3 mm. Magnification here – x15. Thin section 1236-8-1. Mariinsky Log section, Quarry IV,
outcrop 1236, bed 8, Mariinskyi Formation, Bashkirian, Akavassian Regional Substage (uppermost part).
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LADEYNAJA
MOUNTAIN
UPPER VISEAN
SERPUKHOVIAN
LOWER BASHKIRIAN
STRATOTYPE OF
KURMAKOVSKIAN
FORMATION
G.Yu. Ponomareva¹, A.S. Alekseev²
¹Perm State National Research University,
614068 Perm, Bukirev st. 15, Russia
²Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Leninskie gory St. 1, Russia
Rocky outputs of Ladeinaya Mountain are part of the "Ladeiny Log" section. There are stratotypes
of the local units: Ladeinian substage and Kurmakovskian formation. Due to the inaccessibility of
the Kosogorian substage substage stratotype, section Lower Gubakha, Ladeinaya Mountain can be
classied as the potential gipostratotype of the Kosogorian substage of the Lower Serpukhovian
substage. Tectonically section is located in the east wing of the Main Kizel Anticline (Fig. 52).
“Ladeiny Log” section is located on the left bank of the Kosva River near Gubahka city. It
includes outcrops located in the Ladeiny Ravine and the adjoining slopes of Krestovaya and Ladeinaya
mountains, including the rocky outcrops of Ladeinaya Mountain itself. There Upper Visean substage
rocks, full Serpukhovian stage of the Lower Carboniferous period and the base of the Bashkirian stage
of the Middle Carboniferous period crop out. Beds 9-31 are cropped out in the rocky outcrops of the
Ladeinaya Mountain. They are discussed below.
Section was re-examined for several times, but mostly on the samples of the old data collected
in the 60s. In 2013-2014 Ladeinaya Mountain was again sampled and described. In the beds 9-31
samples for the analysis of micro fauna (conodonts - 70 samples and foraminifera - 110 samples) and
geochemical investigations of organic matter (for pyrolysis) were taken. Section is marked, so there is
a connection of the samples to the substages of Guide to Carboniferous of the Urals (1972). For the
rst time conodont characteristic of the section is received.
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Carboniferous System
Visean Stage
Mikhailovsky substage
Zone Eostaella ikensis
Ladeinian suite (discovered for the rst time, beds 9–17.1)
Bed 9. Brown-gray, ne-grained, bituminous, massive-bedded dolomite. Thickness is 3.4 m.
Bed 10. Gray, organogenic-detrital, poor ne-grained cement, slightly silicied, bituminous,
massive-bedded limestone with the remains of brachiopods, crinoids, echinoid spines and algae
Koninckopora inata (Kon.), Palaeoberesella lahuseni (Moell.). Characteristic foraminifers: Earlandia
vulgaris Raus., Archaediscus moelleri Raus., Permodiscus sp., Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et
Theod.), A. ovoides (Raus.), A. rugosus (Raus.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), Brunsia irregularis
(Moell.), Forshia mikhailovi Dain., Lituotubella magna Raus., Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Similisella
similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Mikhailovella sp., Omphalotis minima Raus., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.),
G. numerabilis (Viss.), Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), Pojarkovella nibelis (Durk.), Janischewskina sp.,
Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), M. ovalis (Viss.), Tetrataxis eominima Raus., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip.,
Cribrostomum eximiformis (Lip.), Cr. bradyi (Moell.), Eostaella paraprisca Durk., E. mosquensis Viss., E.
proikensis Raus., Parastaella concinna Schlyk., P. schlykovae Durk., P. ornata Durk. Conodonts are not
found (1 sample). Thickness 1.0 m.
Bed 11. Gray organogenic-detrital limestone with crustied-pore cement, coral-brachiopod,
slightly silicied, bituminous, massive-bedded, with the remains of brachiopods, crinoids, echinoid
spines, in the upper half - oolitic limestone with ne-grained cement, with admixture of the rounded
fragments. The following algae were found: Koninckopora inata (Kon.), Palaeoberesella lahuseni
(Moell.), Anthracoporellopsis machaevi Masl., Anthracoporella insolita R. Iv. Foraminifers: Earlandia
vulgaris (Raus.), Archaediscus moelleri Raus., Paraarchaediscus itinerarius (Schlyk.), Permodiscus sp.,
Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), A. ovoides (Raus.), A. rugosus Raus., Neoarchaediscus
parvus (Raus.), Lituotubella magna Raus., Forshia mikhailovi Dain, Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Omphalotis
minima Raus., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), Janischewskina sp.,
Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), M. ovalis (Viss.), Endostaella parva (Moell.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata
Lip., Koskinobigerina prisca Lip., Eostaella parastruvei Raus., E. mosquensis Viss., E. proikensis Raus.,
Parastaella concinna Schlyk., P. bona (Ros.), P. struvei (Moell.). Thickness 1.25 m.
Bed 12. Gray, oolitic with ne-grained cement limestone at the bottom, organogenic-detrital
and organogenic-clotted with pore ne-grained cement and slightly silicied, massive-bedded, with
the remains of algae, brachiopods (massively), crinoids, echinoid spines, rare holothurians: in the
upper part there are rugose and tabulate corals. Algae are presented by: Koninckopora inata (Kon.),
Palaeoberesella lahuseni (Moell.), Anthracoporella insolita R. Iv. Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.),
Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. grandiculus
(Schlyk.), Permodiscus vetustus Dutk., Asteroarchaediscus rugosus Raus., A. baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.),
A. ovoides (Raus.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), Lituotubella magna Raus., Forshia mikhailovi Dain.,
Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Mikhailovella popleformis Durk., Omphalotis
minima Raus., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), E. cf. compressa (Raus.
et Reitl.), Mirica mirica (Raus.), Pojarkovella sarata Vdov., Janischewskina minuscularia Gan.,
Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Cribrostomum cribriformis Eick., Cr. eximiformis (Lip.), Mediocris
mediocris (Viss.), M. ovalis (Viss.), Eostaella parastruvei Raus., E. proikensis Raus., E. ikensis pressa
Durk., E. mosquensis attenta Gan., Millerella pauperis Durk., Parastaella bona (Ros.), P. struvei (Moell.),
P. angulata Raus. In the upper part (1.15 m from superface of the stratum, sample 12.5) there is
algal limestone, whith foraminifers found which are poorly preserved, but resembling Venev forms:
Eostaella sp. (cf. tenebrosa, no banded chromates, inherent to the group E. ikensis) and Pseudoendothyra
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Fig. 52. Ladeiny Log section scheme
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Fig. 52. Ladeiny Log section scheme
Fig. 53. Ladeinaya mountain. On the photographs one can see beds 9–12, 17–18, 22–23
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cf. averinensa Post. (peripherals of the last whorl which are one of the diagnostic features destroyed).
Thickness is (1 slab) 4.8 m.
Venev substage
Zone Eostaella tenebrosa – Endothyranopsis sphaericus
Bed 13. Brownish-gray, organogenic-clotted limestone with pore ne-grained cement, bituminous,
in the middle part argillaceous, stromatolite, silicied, massive-bedded, at the bottom thick-bedded (10-
15 cm), with nodules of Girvanella sp., with the remains of brachiopods, crinoids, echinoids and brittle
stars. Algae Koninckopora inata (Kon.). Foraminifers: Earlandia vulgaris (Raus.), Paraarchaediscus
convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus rugosus Raus., Forshia mikhailovi Dain, Mirica mirica
(Raus.), Omphalotis infrequentis Schlyk., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis crassa
(Brady), Biseriella parva (N. Tchern.), Consobrinella gibbosa minima (Lip.), Endostaella delicata Ros.,
En. fucoides Ros., Eostaella mosquensis Viss., Pseudoendothyra averinensa Post. Parastaella struvei
supressa Schlyk., P. nautiliformis Durk., P. ornata Durk., P. composita (Dutk. In Raus.). Conodonts are
not found (3 samples). Thickness is 2.6 m.
Bed 14. Brownish-gray, organogenic-detrital limestone with ne- and micro-graned cement,
interbedded with crinoids, brachiopods, corals, uneven bituminous with nodules of int in the lower half
thick and massive-bedded, with the remains of algae, brachiopods, ostracods, crinoids, echinoid spines
and brittle stars. Identied algae are: Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Palaeoberesella lahuseni (Moell.),
Anthracoporellopsis machaevi Masl., Anthracoporella insolita R. Iv. Numerous foraminifers Earlandia
spp., E. vulgaris (Raus.), Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), Archaediscus moelleri Raus., Ar. krestovnikovi
Raus., Paraarchaediscus convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. itinerarius Schlyk., Asteroarchaediscus rugosus Raus.,
Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. volynicus Vdov. Forschia sp., Forschiella prisca Mikh., Haplophragmina
angularis Brazhn., Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), S. lenociniosa (Schlyk.),
Mirica mirica (Raus.), Mikhailovella sp., M. popleformis Durk., Omphalotis minima Raus., Om.
pannusaeformis (Schlyk.), Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), G. a. elegantula Durk., Endothyranopsis
compressa (Raus. et Reitl.), E. crassa (Brady), Cribrospira mikhailovi Raus., Janischewskina sp., Bradyina
modica Gan., B. rotula (Eichw.), Consobrinella consobrina Lip., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., P.
breviseptata Lip., Cribrostomum ex gr. eximium (Moell.), Cr. juditchevi Durk., Koskinobigerina prisca Lip.,
Tetrataxis paraminima Viss., T. acutus Durk., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Endostaella parva (Moell.),
E. asymmetrica Ros., Eostaella ikensis Viss., E. proikensis Raus., E. tenebrosa Viss., E. mosquensis acuta
Raus., Pseudoendothyra carinata Post., Parastaella struvei (Moell.), P. angulata Raus., P. densa Ros., P.
spectata Durk. Conodonts are detected only at the substage’s base: Cavusgnathus sp., Lochriea sp. (only
6 samples). In the thin sections there are polybioclastic packstones and rudstones. Thickness is 19.4 m.
Bed 15. Brown-gray, organogenic-detrital limestone with pore or basal ne- and micro-grained
cement, detrital-slime with basal micro-grained cement, clotted-lumpy with crustiform pore cement with
nodules of cyanea, to varying degrees dolomitic, slightly bituminous, with small inclusions of uorite
with nodules and lenses of light gray int, thick- and massive-bedded (0.27-1.0 m), with numerous algae
(in all rocks), brachiopods, branched bryozoans, ostracods, crinoids, echinoid spines, tabulates, colonial
rugosas; at the bottom there is brownish gray and ne grained interbed of dolomite (1.5 m). Identied
algae are: Ortonella sp., Koninckopora inata (Kon.), Palaeoberesella lahuseni (Moell.), Anthracoporella
insolita R. Iv., Fourstonella irregularis Mam. et Roux. Foraminifers: Earlandia spp., Earlandia vulgaris
(Raus.), Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), Paracaligella sp., Archaediscus krestovnikovi Raus., A. supressus
Schlyk. forma involuta, Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. grandiculus
(Schlyk.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), A. ovoides (Raus.), Neoarchaediscus parvus
(Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), Rugosoarchaediscus agapovensis (Iv.), Forshia sp., Endothyra bradyi Mikh.,
Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), S. lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Mikhailovella gracilis (Raus.), Omphalotis
tantilla (Schlyk.), O. minima Raus., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), E.
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sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), Janischewskina typica Mikh., J. minuscularia Gan., Bradyina rotula (Eichw.),
Pojarkovella nibelis (Durk.), Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Endostaella shamordini (Raus.), Palaeotextularia
longiseptata Lip., P. crassa Lip., Cribrostomum eximiformis Lip., Cr. juditchevi Durk., Koskinobigerina
prisca Lip., Climacammina simplex Raus., Biseriella parva (N. Tchern.), Tetrataxis acutus Durk., T.
cf. regularis Brazhn., T. pusilla Conil et Lys., Eostaella tenebrosa Viss., E. ikensis pressa Durk., E.
interposita Post., E. oblonga Gan., E. mosquensis Raus., E. ex gr. parastruvei Raus., E. cf. constricta Gan.,
E. rotunda Durk., E. oldae Durk., E. prisca settella Gan., E. pseudoovoidea Raus., Eostaellina irenae
(Gan.), Pseudoendothyra carinata Post., P. illustria (Viss.), Parastaella struvei (Moell.), P. struvei
supressa Schlyk., P. nautiliformis Durk., P. angulata Raus., P. densa Ros., P. bella (Ros.), P. composita
(Dutk. in Raus.), P. ornata Durk. In thin sections there are polybioclastic and pelloid packstones and
wackstones, to varying degrees, dolomitic. Conodonts found are (5 samples from the upper 6.94 m)
Synclydognathus sp. Thickness is 15.5 m.
Bed 16. The bed consists of two rocks: 16A - the rst rock thickness is 9.63 m; 16B - the second
rock thickness is 2.36 m.
Rock 16A. Brownish-gray, gray, organogenic-detrital limestone with pore ne-grained cement,
areas with the contrusive texture, detrital-slime with pore micro-grained cement, interbedded with
organogenic-clotted with nodules of cyanea, to varying degrees dolomitic, bituminous, with inclusions
of uorite, slightly silicied, massive-bedded, with hogbacked and medium-bedded with numerous
algae, tabulates, bryozoans, remains of crinoids, echinoid spines, brittle stars, brachiopods, ostracods
and rare gastropods. Identied algae are: Girvanella sp., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Koninckopora
inata (Kon.), Palaeoberesella lahuseni (Moell.), Anthracoporellopsis machaevi Masl., Nanopora fragilissima
Masl., Exvotarisella index (Ehren. emend Moell.), Stacheia sp., Stacheoides tenuis Petr. et Mam., S.
polytrematoides Brady. Foraminifers: Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), Earlandia vulgaris Raus.,
Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), P. priscus (Raus.), Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. gigas Raus., A.
karreri Brady, A. krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P.
grandiculus (Schlyk.), Asteroarchaediscus rugosus Raus., A. baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), A. baschkiricus
pressulla (Grozd. et Leb.), A. ovoides (Raus.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), N.
volynicus Vdov., N. ex gr. timanicus (Reitl.), Rugosoarchaediscus agapovensis (Iv.), Planospirodiscus sp.,
Permodiscus vetustus Dutk., Haplophragmina angularis Brazhn., Forschia mikhailovi Dain, Lituotubella
magna Raus., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), S. lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Mikhailovella uchtovica Durk.,
(Raus.), Omphalotis tantilla (Schlyk.), O. omphalota (Raus. et Reitl.), Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.),
Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), E. sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), Cribrospira sp., Janischewskina typica Mikh.,
Bradyina rotula (Eichw.), Bradyina modica Gan., Euxinita efremovi (Vdov. et Rost.), Palaeotextularia
longiseptata Lip., P. crassa Lip., Cribrostomum paraeximia Lip., Climacammina simplex Raus., Cl. padunensis
Gan., Tetrataxis parviconica Lee et Chen, Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Endostaella shamordini (Raus.), En.
delicata Ros., Eostaella tenebrosa Viss., E. ikensis pressa Durk., E. proikensis Raus., E. mosquensis Viss., E.
pseudoovoidea Raus., E. rotunda Durk., E. parastruvei Raus., E. schwetzovi Gan., Parastaella struvei supressa
Schlyk., P. nautiliformis Durk., P. angulata Raus., P. kerka Durk., Millerella rossica Ros. In the thin sections
there are polybioclastic packstones and wackstones, to varying degrees dolomitic, interbedded with close
bioclastic pelloid packstones. Conodonts in rock 16A (lower 2.7 m) are presented by Synclydognathus sp.,
Kladognathus sp. total amont of conodont samples is 5. Thickness is 9.63 m.
Rock 16B. Brownish-gray, gray, organogenic-detrital limestone with pore or basal ne-grained
cement, in top algal, to varying degrees dolomitic, bituminous, slightly silicied, hogbacked and heavy-
bedded (12-46 cm), massive-bedded, with uneven bedding, with numerous algae, branched bryozoans,
remains of crinoids, echinoid spines, brachiopods, ostracods, sh, gastropods, single rugosas and
tabulates. Identied algae are: Girvanella sp., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Koninckopora inata
(Kon.), Palaeoberesella lahuseni (Moell.), Anthracoporellopsis machaevi Masl., Nanopora fragilissima Masl.,
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Fig. 54. Distribution of foraminifers and conodonts in the border interval of Visean and Serpukhov stages in the
sections of Ladeinaya Mountain.
Legend: 1 – limestone breccia; 2 – closed intervals; 3 – limestone; 4 – dolomite; 5 – argillous limestone; 6 – slime
limestone; 7 – nodules and interbeds of flint; 8 – hogbacked bedded limestone; 9 – crinoids and echinoid spines;
10 – brachiopods and bryozoans; 11 – foraminifers and algae; 12 – rogosa corals.
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Exvotarisella index (Ehren. emend Moell.), Stacheia sp., Stacheoides tenuis Petr. et Mam., S. polytrematoides
Brady. Foraminifers: Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), Earlandia vulgaris Raus., Pseudoammodiscus
volgensis (Raus.), Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. gigas Raus., A. krestovnikovi Raus., P. convexus (Grozd.
et Leb.), P. grandiculus (Schlyk.), Asteroarchaediscus rugosus Raus., A. baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.),
A. ovoides (Raus.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), Planospirodiscus minimus
(Grozd. et Leb.), Permodiscus vetustus Dutk., Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.),
Rectocornuspira pseudovolgensis Vdov., Howchinia gibba (Moell.), Haplophragmina angularis Brazhn.,
Forschia mikhailovi Dain, Lituotubella magna Raus., Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis (Raus.
et Reitl.), Mikhailovella gracilis (Raus.), Omphalotis omphalota (Raus. et Reitl.), Globoendothyra globulus
(Eichw.), Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), E. sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), E. compressa (Raus. et Reitl.),
Cribrospira sp., Janischewskina typica Mikh., J. cf. rovnensis Gan., J. minuscularia Gan., Bradyina rotula
(Eichw.), Bradyina modica Gan., Tetrataxis parviconica Lee et Chen, Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip.,
Climacammina simplex Raus., Cl. padunensis Gan., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Eostaella tenebrosa
Viss., E. proikensis Raus., E. mosquensis Viss., Eostaellina subsphaerica (Gan.), Pseudoendothyra
propinqua Viss., Ps. averinensa Post., Millerella rossica Ros. Conodonts are rare (4 samples) and found
mainly at the top of the bed: Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy) juv., Synclydognathus sp., Kladognathus sp.
Thickness of the rock 16B is - 2.36 m.
Thickness of the bed is 12.0 m.
Serpukhovian stage
Kosogorian substage
Zone Neoarchaediscus postrugosus
Bed 17. The base of the bed 17 (0.52 m) lithologically is similar to the rocks of the upper part of
the bed 16. These are algal limestones, which higher are replaced by organogenic-detrital and detrital-
slime limestones. By the presence of the Serpukhovian foraminifers Neoarchaediscus cf. postrugosus
(Reitl.) and Endotaxis sp. lower border of the Serpukhovian stage is xed at the base of the bed 17.
There are dened conodonts Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Synclydognathus sp., Kladognathus sp.,
Lochriea cf. monocostata Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya and ramiform elements.
Kurmakovskian formation
Bed 17 (upper part, plate x). Brownish-gray limestone, detrital-slime with micro-grained cement,
bituminous, silicied, slightly gypsied, thick- and massive-bedded (16-58 cm), with small nodules of
int, with the remains of algae, conularias, rugosas, ostracods, inarticulate brachiopods, gastropods,
bryozoans, crinoids, small echinoid spines, brittle stars (often), holothurians and sh. At the bottom
part and at the top there are organogenic-fragmental limestones, fragments are weakly rounded.
Foraminifers are: Earlandia vulgaris Raus., Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), Archaediscus
moelleri Raus., A. krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.),
P. ninae (Grozd. et Leb.), P. stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.),
Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.),
N. timanicus Reitl., N. latispiralis (Grozd. et Leb.), N. gregorii (Dain), Planospirodiscus minimus
(Grozd. et Leb.), Permodiscus vetustus Dutk., Haplophragmina angularis (Brazhn.), Pojarkovella sp.,
Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), S. lenociniosa (Schlyk.), Endothyranopsis ex gr. crassa (Brady), En.
sphaerica (Raus. et Reit.), Janischewskina typica Mikh., Euxinita efremovi Vdov. et Rost., Palaeotextularia
longiseptata Lip., Endotaxis brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), Eostaella tenebrosa Viss., E. pseudoovoidea
Raus., E. mosquensis Viss., E. constricta Gan., E. cf. postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., Eostaellina
paraprotvae Raus., Plectostaella eoseslavica Vdov., Millerella cf. anfractuosa Post., Millerella ex gr.
lyschnjanskiensis Brazhn., Parastaella ornata (Durk.). Determined conodonts (just 6 samples): Gnathodus
bilineatus (Roundy), Gnathodus sp. (narrow), Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin et Druce), L. nodosa
(Bischoff), L. monocostata Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya, L. ziegleri Nemyrovskaya et al. (sample 17.3), L.
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Fig. 55. Bed 16 of Ladeinaya mountain. Top of the Visean stage
Fig. 56. Bed 17 of Ladeinaya Mountain. Base of
the Serpukhov stage
Fig. 57. Bed 18 of Ladeinaya Mountain
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commutata (Branson et Mehl), Vogelgnathus campbelli (Rexroad), Cavusgnathus sp., Synclydognathus sp.,
Kladognathus sp., Idioprinoniodus sp. Thickness is 3.07 m.
Bed 18 consists of two rocky outcrops: 18A thickness is 8 m and thickness of 18B is 0.47 m. 5 m
are covered between two outcrops.
Rock 18A. Dark gray, brown-gray, detrital-slime limestone with micro-cement and ne-grained,
highly bituminous, with strong smell, unevenly argillaceous, slightly silicied, with inclusions of uorite
and glauconite, thick- and middle-bedded (10-34 cm), interbedded with massive-bedded (44-72 cm),
with the remains of crinoids, bryozoans, brachiopods, sh, rarely with the echinoid spines, brittle
stars, conularias, spicules, fragments of colonial rugosas. Foraminifers: (plate xx): Paraarchaediscus
koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. donetzianus (Sosn.), P. vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.),
P. ninae (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus Reitl., Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N.
regularis (Sulei.), N. timanicus Reitl., N. latispiralis (Grozd. et Leb.), N. volynicus Vdov., N. postrugosus
(Reitl.), N. gregorii (Dain), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis
(Grozd. et Leb.), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Rectocornuspira pseudovolgensis
Vdov., Howchinia gibba (Moel.), Haplophragmina beschevensis Brazhn., Euxinita efremovi Vdov. et
Rost., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Endothyranopsis compressa (Raus.
et Reitl.), E. crassa (Brady), Tetrataxis sp., Endotaxis brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), Palaeotextularia
longiseptata Lip., Eostaella pseudoovoidea Raus., E. proikensis Raus., E. pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir.,
Eostaellina vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Plectostaella eoseslavica Vdov., Millerella anfractuosa
Post. Conodonts (9 samples): Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Gnathodus sp. (narrow parapet),
Lochriea mononodosa Rhodes, Austin et Druce, L. nodosa (Bischoff), L. commutata (Branson et Mehl),
L. monocostata (Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya), L. costata (Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya), Cavusgnathus
unicornis Youngquist et Miller, Cavusgnathus naviculus (Hinde), Geniculatus sp., Synclydognathus sp.,
Kladognathus sp., Idioprinoniodus sp., ramiform elements.
Sample 18.7 (top of the the rock 18A) contains numerous remains of echinoderms, mostly ne-
pore, with clearly visible stereome identical to those of sample 1237-2.1 of Mariinsky Log section. This
allows a precise correlation of these two sections.
At the bottom and top of the rock 18A (samples 18A.2-18A.3 and 18A.8, Fig. 57) there are
two interbeds of algal limestone with a special complex of foraminifers, where Parastaella and
Pseudoendothyra are often found and no conodonts are found: Archaediscus moelleri Raus., Neoarchaediscus
parvus (Raus.), N. gregorii (Dain), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Valvulinella lata Grozd. et
Leb., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Pojarkovella nibelis (Durk.), Omphalotis sp., Endothyranopsis sphaerica
(Raus. et Reit.), Janischewskina typica Mikh., Tetrataxis pressula Mal., Globivalvulina sp., Eostaella
pseudoovoidea Raus., E. rotunda Durk., E. pseudostruvei angusta Kir., Parastaella ornata (Durk.), P. cf.
composita (Dutk.), P. bona (Ros.), Pseudoendothyra globosa Ros., Pseudoendothyra ex gr. parasphaerica
Reitl., Ps. averinensa Post.
A small rocky 18B is bedded with brown-dark gray dolomite, ne-grained, calcareous, with
fragments of articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, ostracods, with remains of sh and rare conodonts
Kladognathus sp.
In the old collections of the 1960s in bed 18 Eolasiodiscus sp. is dened as an important form to
state the lower boundary of Serpukhovian stage.
Thickness of the bed is 18 – 13.3 m.
● Out of the 20 samples of boundary interval conodonts were found in 11 of them, which are
dominated by ramiform. The general appearance of conodont fauna is quite unusual. Firstly, it is
dominated by small, juvenile elements. This also refers to this species of Gnathodus bilineatus, which
usually are quite big. Secondly, there are many elements of species Synclydognathus, which tends to exist
in the shallow water environment, for example, in Upper Kardailovka it is absent. Thirdly, typical shallow
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water Cavusgnathus are found only in the one level in two samples in the base of the bed. Fourthly,
Gnathodus girtyi Hass is completely absent - species that in a varying amount ubiquitously accompanies
Gnathodus bilineatus in this stratigraphic level. Important for determining of the boundaries of the
Serpukhov and Visean stages species of the genus Lochriea are not numerous.
Bed 19. Dark gray, brown, gray, black, micro- and ne-grained limestone with an admixture
of sludge (mudstone) interbedded with sludge (wackstone), highly bituminous, argillaceous, with
inclusions of uorite, from middle- to micro-bedded, with nodules and interbed of black int, with
small crinoids, echinoid spines, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, with remains of bryozoans,
holothurians, conularias and sh. In the bottom of the bed there is ne crushed stone limestone breccia.
Foraminifers are inconsiderable in number and presented by very small forms: Neoarchaediscus parvus
(Raus.), N. volynicus Vdov., Rectocornuspira pseudovolgensis Vdov., Endotaxis sp. Conodonts are not
numerous (6 samples): Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Gnathodus sp. (narrow parapet), Gnathodus sp.
juv., Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl), L. monocostata (Pazukhin et Nemirovskaya), Vogelgnathus
campbelli (Rexroad), Synclydognathus sp., Kladognathus sp.
Thickness is 6.3 m; in the lower half of substage 3 m are covered.
Bed 20. Gray, dark gray, ne- and micro-grained limestone, up through the bed it turns into slime
and detrital-slime with basal cement, dolomitic, tar, with a characteristic odour, silicied limestone, from
medium to massiv-bedded (8-67 cm), interbedded with ne-grained dolomite, with inclusions of uorite
and detritus of articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, conularias, crinoids, brittle stars, holothuria, small
gastropods, bryozoans and sh. Foraminifers are represented by small forms: Archaediscus krestovnikovi
Raus., Paraarchaediscus itinerarius Schlyk., P. koktjubensis (Raus.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest.
et Theod.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), N.
gregorii (Dain), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Rectocornuspira pseudovolgensis Vdov.,
Endostaella asymmetrica Ros. At the top the xed forms appear: Eotuberitina reitlingerae M-Mac.,
Fig. 59. Black bituminous limestones of the bed 19 of Ladeinaya mountain.
The most abyssal part of Kurmakovskian formation
Fig. 58. Foraminifers of the bed 19 of Ladeinaya Mountain:
1, 4–5. Neoarchaediscus volynicus Vdov. 1 – almost axial section, №.
19Б.1-2 (D= 0,1 мм); 4 – almost axial section, №. 19Б.1-2а (D= 0,12 мм);
5 – almost axial section, №. 19Б.2-1 (D= 0,12 мм). 2–3. Rectocornuspira
pseudovolgensis Vdov., 2 –axial section, №. 19Б.1-1б (D= 0,24 мм); 3 –
cross section, №. 19Б.1-1в (D=0,25 мм).
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Earlandia minima Bir. In the thin sections there are bioclastic wackstones and mudstones. Conodonts
are rare (3 samples in the lower half of the bed): Gnathodus sp. (narrow), Lochriea commutata (Branson
et Mehl), Vogelgnathus campbelli (Rexroad), Synclydognathus sp., Kladognathus sp., Idioprioniodus sp.
Thickness is 5.4 m. Upper 3.5 m. are covered.
Bed 21 (isolated rock). Yellowish-gray, ne-grained, bituminous massive-bedded (63-99 sm)
dolomite, with nodules and lenses of int and three interbeds of brownish-gray, ne fragmental,
slime-detrital with micro-grained cement, placic, hogbacked bedded limestones (3-4 sm), with the
remains of conularias, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, echinoids, holothurias, brittle stars and
sh. Microscopically there is dolomite and micro-bioclastic wackstone. Foraminifers are represented
by: Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), Neoarchaediscus volynicus Vdov.,
N. parvus (Raus.), N. gregorii (Dain), Tubispirodiscus hosiensis Cozar, Tchuisodiscus unduliformis Marf.,
Mediocris breviscula (Gan.), Endostaella parva (Moell.), En. delicata Ros., Eostaella praeacuta Durk., E.
proikensis Raus., E. schwetzovi Gan., Millerella infulaeformis Gan. Conodonts are numerous (1 sample
in the upper part of the rock): Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea commutata (Branson et Mehl),
Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin et Druce), Lochriea nodosa (Bischoff), Lochriea costata (Pazukhin
et Nemirovskaya), Lochriea cruciformis (Clarke), Vogelgnathus campbelli (Rexroad), Synclydognathus
sp. In sample 21.2 there are many well sculpted Lochirea ziegleri which are typical for Serpukhov stage.
Thickness is 3.7 m. It is followed by a covered area (17.0 m)
Kosogorian Formation (discovered for the rst time, beds 22–24)
Bed 22 is represented by thick rocky outcrop, which is crearly seen on every panoramic photo of
the upper part of Ladeinaya mountain. It stretches as a monolithic wall for more than 500 m in South
and North-East directions. It consists of two parts which are separated by uneven erosion surface with
pockets and cuts.
Limestone breccias, light-gray, almost white, coarse fragmental, less frequently ne fragmental,
massive. Fragments are angular, size of 0.4-1.5 m, less frequently 0.05-0.30 m. lithological features
of fragments and cement are the same. In the thin stection there are light-gray, organogenic-detrital
limestones with pore or crustied pore cement with the remains of algae, brachiopods, crinoids,
echinoid spines. Algae are: Praedonezella cespeformis Kulik., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminfers are:
Earlandia minor Raus., Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.), P. priscus (Raus.), Pseudoglomospira elegans
Lip, Archaediscus krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P.
grandiculus (Schlyk.), P. stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Neoarchaediscus
parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), N. volynicus Vdov., Haplophragmina angularis Brazhn., Endothyra
bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Planoendothyra spirilliniformis (Brazhn. et Pot.),
Mikhailovella gracilis (Raus.), Omphalotis sp., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.), Endothyranopsis sp.,
Pojarkovella sp., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Cribrostomum bradyi
Moel., Cr. paraeximia Lip., Climacammina simplex Raus., Koskinobigerina prisca Lip., K. confusa Durk.,
Globivalvulina eogranulosa Reitl., Eostaella proikensis Raus., E. mosquensis Viss., E. parastruvei
Raus., E. constricta Gan., E. postmosquensis Kir., E. ex gr. pseudostruvei (Raus.), Eostaellina paraprotvae
Raus., Eos. actuosa Reitl., Pseudoendothyra illustria (Viss.), Ps. globosa Ros., Ps. parasphaerica Reitl.,
Ps. parasphaerica stricta Reitl., Ps. propinqua Viss., Parastaella struvei (Moell.), P. spectata Durk., P.
ornata Durk., P. nodus Durk., Millerella rossica Ros. In the thin sections there are bioclastic packstones
grainstones. Thicknes is approximately 22 m.
Bed 23. Light-gray limestones with the yellowish shade, in the bottom half of the bed detrite-
slime with ne- and micro- grained cement, in the upper half organogenic clotted with ne-grained
cement, dolomitic with nodules of light-gray int, thick- and massive-bedded (0.14-1.22 м), with
nodules of cyanea, with the remains of bryozans, articulate and inarticulate brichiopods, crinoids,
echinoid spines, brittle stars, holothurias and sh. Algae are: Girvanella sp., Calcifolium okense Schw.
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et Bir., Koninckopora inata (Kon.), Anthracoporella baschkirica Rulik., Aoujgalia variabilis Term. et
Term., Nanopora fragilissima Masl., Stacheoides tenuis Petr. et Mam., Epistacheoides sp., Ungdarella
uralica Masl. Foraminfers are: Earlandia elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), Earlandia minor Raus., E. vulgaris
Raus., Pseudoammodiscus sp., P. volgensis (Raus.), P. priscus (Raus.), Pseudoglomospira elegans Lip.,
Archaediscus krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. vischerensis (Grozd. et
Leb.), P. ninae (Grozd. et Leb.), P. grandiculus (Schlyk.), P. stilus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus
subbaschkiricus Reitl., Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. regularis (Sulei.), N. volynicus Vdov., N.
postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), N. timanicus (Reitl.), N. gregorii (Dain), N. ex gr.
pohli Browne, Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis (Grozd.
et Leb.), Haplophragmina beschevensis Brazhn., Endotaxis cf. planiformis Brazhn., Endothyra ex gr.
bradyi Mikh., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Omphalotis sp., Globoendothyra globulus (Eichw.),
Endothyranopsis sp., Janischewskina cf. delicata Mal., Endostaella shamordini (Raus.), Palaeotextularia
longiseptata Lip., P. crassa Lip., Cribrostomum sp., Climacammina simplex Raus., Cl. cf. padunensis Gan.,
Koskinobigerina postprisca Brazhn. et Vinn., Tetrataxis pusilla Conil et Lys, Globivalvulina eogranulosa
Reitl., Eostaella rotunda Durk., E. mosquensis Viss., E. postmosquensis Kir., E. pseudostruvei (Raus.),
E. pseudostruvei angusta Kir., E. pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir., Eostaellina protvae minima (Grozd.
et Leb.), Pseudoendothyra illustria (Viss.), Ps. illustria grandis Reitl., Ps. ex gr. parasphaerica Reitl.,
Parastaella densa Ros. Microscopically it is represented by ne and close bioclastic wackstones, in the
upper part of the bed close bioclastic and pelloid packstones. Conodonts are rare (1 sample in the
bottom part of the bed): Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Ferganognathodus sp., Lochriea commutata
(Branson et Mehl), Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin et Druce), Synclydognathus sp., Idioprioniodus
sp. Thickness is 17.2 m. Covered area is 2.2 m.
Bed 24 (isolated rock). Light-gray, almost white, yellowish, organogenic-detrital limestones with
basal ne and close grained cement, dolomitic, interbedded with higly dolomitic, thick bedded (10-36
sm) with the remains of crinoids, brachiopods, ostracods, gastropods, bryozoans, there are numerous
algae in the interbeds: Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Beresella machaevi Kulik., Koninckopora inata
(Kon.), Stacheoides tenuis Petr. et Mam., Stacheia sp., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers: Earlandia
elegans (Raus. et Reitl.), Earlandia (Quasiearlandia) vulgaris (Raus.), Pseudoammodiscus volgensis (Raus.),
Archaediscus moelleri Raus., A. krestovnikovi Raus., Paraarchaediscus koktjubensis (Raus.), Asteroarchaediscus
baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), A. subbaschkiricus Reitl., Neoarchaediscus gregorii (Dain), N. volynicus
Vdov., N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.),
Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Howchinia gibba (Moel.), Forschia mikhailovi Dain,
Haplophragmina angularis Brazhn., Endothyra. bradyi Mikh., E. cf. pseudobradyi Brazhn., Haplophragmella
tetraloculi Raus., Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), E. compressa (Raus. et Reitl.), Globoendothyra
globulus (Eichw.), Janischewskina cf. typica Mikh., Mediocris mediocris (Viss.), Tetrataxis pusilla Conil et
Lys, T. ex gr. parviconica Lee et Chen., Palaeotextularia ex gr. longiseptata Lip., Cribrostomum sp., Cr.
ex gr. bradyi Moell., Climacammina cf. conquisita Gan., Koskinobigerina postprisca Brazhn. et Vinn.,
Biseriella parva (N. Tchern.), Eostaella postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., E. postmosquensis compressa
Brazhn., E. pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir., Pseudoendothyra globosa Ros. In the thin sections there are
dolomitic polybioclastic foraminifer-algae packstone, in some areas packstones grainstones. Conodonts
(3 samples) are represented by the only one species: Kladognathus sp. Thickness of the rocks is 6.2 m.
2.6 m are covered.
Bed 25 (bottom 2.84 m). Light-gray, almost white, organogenic-detrital, slime limestones with
basal ne- and close-grained cement, dolomitic, gypsied, thick- and massive-bedded (0.27-1.17
m) with the remains of crinoids, echinoid spines, holothurias, ostracodes, brachiopods and algae.
Algae are: Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir., Ungdarella uralica Masl. The amount of foraminifers is
small: Earlandia vulgaris Raus., Paraarchaediscus ninae (Grozd. et Leb.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.),
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Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Rectoendothyra donbassica Brazhn.,
Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), Tetrataxis ex gr. parviconica Lee et Chen., Climacammina
confusa Durk. Conodonts (1 sample) are represented by Hindeodella sp.
Bottom border of the Protvin substage is xed at the point where the sample 25.3 was taken (2.84
m from the base of the rock of the bed 25) because of the appearance of the via index Bradyina
cribrostomata in the bed 25.
Protvian Substage
Zone Bradyina cribrostomata
Bed 25 (upper 3.10 m). Light-gray, almost white, organogenic-detrital limestones with basal ne
and close grained cement, dolomitic, silicied, with the admixture of glauconite, massive bedded, with
the remains of bryozoans, gastropods, ostracodes, brachiopods, crinoids, echonoids and holothurias.
Foraminifers are numerous: Earlandia vulgaris Raus., Endothyranopsis crassa (Brady), Bradyina
cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., Janischewskina delicata Mal., Climacammina simplex Raus., Eostaella
mirica Brazhn., Pseudoendothyra averinensa Post., Parastaella struvei (Moell.). At the top of the bed 25
after dissolution of the conodont sample heavy residue with ore minerals is found (mainly brown iron
ore). Conodont is represented by only one sample: Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Synclydognathus sp.
10.5 m. are covered.
Bed 26. A large rocky outcrop. Light-gray, almost white organogenic clotted limestones with
basal ne- and close-grained (to middle grained) cement, interbedded with organogenic clotted with
pore cement clotted crumbling with crustied pore cement, in the middle part coral brachiopodal
(with rugosas and big brachiopods), slightly dolomitic, slightly silicied, from middle to massive
bedded (0.07-2.1 m), interbedded with yellowish-gray close-grained, loose, with nodules of cyaneas,
algae, ostracodes, crinoids, echinoid spines, bryozoanes and gastropods. The following algae are found:
Ortonella sp., Malachovella malachovae Mam. et Roux., Calcifolium okense Schw. et Bir. (sample 26,
organogenic-detrital limestone), Beresella polyramosa Kulik., B. machaevi Kulik., Stacheoides tenuis
Petr. et Mam., Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers are: Earlandia vulgaris Raus., Pseudoglomospira
elegans Lip., P. postserenae Brazhn., P. subquadrata (Pot. et Vak.), Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Archaediscus
moelleri Raus., Paraarchaediscus convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et
Theod.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), Haplophragmina
beschevensis Brazhn., Endothyra irregularis Reitl., Endothyranopsis sphaerica (Raus. et Reitl.), Euxinita
ex gr. efremovi (Vdov. et Rost.), Janischewskina delicata Mal., J. typica Mikh., Bradyina cribrostomata
Raus. et Reitl., Consobrinella consobrina Lip., C. consobrina intermedia Lip., Palaeotextularia longiseptata
Lip., P. crassa Lip., Climacammina simplex Raus., Cl. padunensis Gan., Koskinobigerina cf. confusa Durk.,
Biseriella parva (N. Tchern.), Globivalvulina eogranulosa Reitl., Eostaella mosquensis Viss., E. ex gr.
parastruvei Raus., E. subtilis Durk., E. angusta Kir., E. mirica Brazhn., E. pseudoovoidea Raus., E. sp.
(cf. postproikensis Vdov.), Eostaellina ovaliformis Meln., Eos. subsphaerica (Gan.), Parastaella struvei
(Moell.), P. ex gr. nautiliformis Durk., P. ornata Durk., P. cf. kremenskensis (Ros.). In the thin sections
there are close bioclastic pelloid packstones - grainstones, at the top there are slightly micried skeletal
elements. Conodonts are not found.
Thickness is approximately 16 m. Up to the hil 3 m are covered.
Bed 27 (small rock). Light-gray, almost white limestones, in the bottom part organogenic clotted
with ne- and micro-grained or crustied pore cement, micro- and ne-grained, organogenic detrital
with ne and close grained, dolomitic, hogbacked bedded, middle-bedded (7-9 sm) with the remains
of algae, echinoid spines, crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoanes and ostracodes. The following algae are
found: Dvinella secunda Kulik, Ungdarella uralica Masl. Foraminifers are: Earlandia vulgaris Raus.,
Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Haplophragmina beschevensis Brazhn., Endothyra bradyi Mikh., Similisella
similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Planoendothyra spirilliniformis (Brazhn. et Pot.), Endothyranopsis (?) sp., Euxinita
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efremovi (Vdov. et Rost.), Pojarkovella sp., Consobrinella ex gr. consobrina Lip., Cribrostomum eximiformis
Lip., Biseriella parva (N. Tchern.), Globivalvulina sp., Endostaella parva (Moell.), Eostaella pseudoovoidea
Raus., E. angusta Kir., E. ex gr. pseudostruvei (Raus.). In the thin sections there are close bioclastic pelloid
packstones, less frequently packstones grainstones and dolomitic polybioclastic wackestones. At the top
part limestone breccias, bulky crushed stone, lentiform and massive bedded (lenses of 0.7 m). Conodont
is not found (1 sample).
Thickness is 3.0 m. Approxemately 3 m are covered.
Bed 28 (isolated rocky outcrop). Light-gray limestone, close clotted with ne grained cement,
massive-bedded (80-85 sm), at the top part thick bedded (12 sm), at the bottom part limestone breccias
with ostracodes and brachiopod spines. Foraminifers identied are: Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Endotaxis
brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), Globivalvulina ex gr. granulosa Reitl. In the thin sections there are pelloid
packstone with bioclasts. Conodont is represented by only one sample: Kladognathus sp.
Thickness is 3.0m. 3 m are covered.
Staroutkinsk substage
Zone Monotaxinoides transitorius – Eosigmoilina explicata
Bed 29. At present time the bed is destroyed, there are only rock outbursts of slightly silicied
light-gray striatifera bearing limestone marked accordingly. In the old samples foraminifers are
identied: Eoplectostaella solida Post., Eop. acuminulata Post., Plectostaella cf. varvariensis Brazhn. et
Pot., Millerella anfractuosa Post. Conodont is not found.
Thickness according to the “Guide…” (1972) is 2.3 m. 2 m. are covered.
Bed 30. Gray, dark-gray, organogenic-detrital, organogenic clotted, with pore ne- and close-
grained cement limestones with nodules of light, pinkish int with an admixture of green clay, middle-
bedded (9-12 sm) with the remains of algae, echinoid spines, crinoids, barchiopods, bryozoanes,
ostracodes, sh and a few gastropodes. Rocks are similar to those in the bottom part of the fourth rock
between III and IV open cut mining of “Mariinsky log” section. Algae are: Girvanella sp., Donezella
delicata Berch., Beresella polyramosa Kulik., Ungdarella uralica Masl., Pseudostacheoides sp. Foraminifers:
Palaeonubecularia uniserialis Reitl., Pseudoglomospira postserenae Brazhn., Archaediscus moelleri Raus.,
Paraarchaediscus donetzianus (Sosn.), P. ninae (Grozd. et Leb.), P. convexus (Grozd. et Leb.), P. stilus
(Grozd. et Leb.), Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus (Reitl.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. incertus
(Grozd. et Leb.), N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. volynicus Vdov., Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.),
Rugosoarchaediscus akchimensis (Grozd. et Leb.), Eosigmoilina sp., Haplophragmina variabilis Brazhn.,
Endothyra ex gr. obsoleta Raus., Similisella similis (Raus. et Reitl.), Endothyranopsis ex gr. crassa (Brady),
Bradyina cribrostomata Raus. et Reitl., Bradyina sp., Palaeotextularia longiseptata Lip., Globivalvulina
eogranulosa Reitl., Endotaxis planiformis Brazhn., Tetrataxis cf. regularis Brazhn., T. cf. acuta Durk., E.
postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., E. mutabilis Raus., E. chomatifera Kir., E. pseudoovoidea Raus., Millerella
anfractuosa Post. Conodonts are (2 samples): Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Lochriea sp., Kladognathus
sp., Gnathodus cf bilineatus – 2, G. cf. bollandensis – G. postbilineatus – 5, Lochriea monodosa – 1, L.
ziegleri – 1, L. sp. indet. – 1, Sybclydognathus sp. – 2, Kladognathus sp. – 2, Idioprioniodus sp. – 1,
ramiforms – 20, fragments – 11. Thickness is 2.4 м.
After a covered area of 1.7 m there is bed 31, which nishes Ladeinaya mountain.
Middle part
Bashkirsky stage
Akvas substage
Zone Pseudostaella antiqua
Bed 31. Brown-gray, organogenic clotted limestone with nodules of cyaneas, in the middle
part stromatolithic, with bitum on the stiolites and admixture of int, with inclusion of greenish-
gray clay, gypsum, middle- and thick-bedded (7-20 sm), interbedded with limestone breccias. Out
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1. Guidebook of stratigraphic excursions to Carboniferous the Urals. The western slope of the
Middle Urals, Kosva route. Perm, 1972. 110 p.
of foraminifers bilocular forms predominate. The identied foraminifers are: Earlandia minima Bir.,
Tolypammina fortis Reitl., Pseudoglomospira subquadrata (Pot. et Vak.), Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus
(Krest. et Theod.), Neoarchaediscus parvus (Raus.), N. postrugosus (Reitl.), N. incertus (Grozd. et Leb.),
N. gregorii (Dain), Tubispirodiscus cornuspiroides (Brazhn. et Vdov.), Planoendothyra spirilliniformis
(Brazhn. et Pot.), Endotaxis brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), Globivalvulina ex gr. mosquensis Reitl., G.
kamensis Reitl., G. scaphoidea Reitl., Palaeotextularia ex gr. angusta Reitl., Climacammina volgensis Reitl.,
Mediocris evolutis Ros., Eostaella angusta Kir., Eostaellina paraprotvae Raus., Plectostaella cf. evolutica
Rum., Millerella umbilicata Kir., Semistaella sp., Pseudostaella antiqua (Dotk.), Parastaella cf.
mathildae (Dutk.), P. ex gr. struvei (Moell.), P. struvei umbilicata Raus. Brachiopods Choristites ex gr.
bisulcatiformis Semich., Ch. ex. gr. mansuyi Chao. Conodonts are not found (1 sample).
Thickness is 2.8 m.
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Plate 10. Foraminifers from the bed 17 (Kurmakovskian Formation) of the Ladeinaya section.
Fig. 1. Neoarchaediscus cf. postrugosus (Reitl.), № 17.1-1, subaxial section, D = 0,25 mm.
Fig. 2. Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), № 17.3-2, subaxial section, D = 0,15 mm.
Figs. 3, 6. Neoarchaediscus postrugosus (Reitl.); fig. 3 - subaxial section, № 17.3-3, D = 0,17 mm; fig. 6 - axial
section, № 17.6-1, D = 0,38 mm.
Fig. 4. Paraarchaediscus ninae (Grozd. et Leb.), № 17.3-4, subaxial section, D = 0,31 mm.
Fig. 5. Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus (Krest. et Theod.), № 17.4-4, subaxial section, D = 0,26 mm.
Fig. 7. Endotaxis cf. brazhnikovae (Bog. et Juf.), № 17.1-2, sagittal section, D = 0,16 mm.
Fig. 8. Eostaffella tenebrosa Viss., № 17.1-3, axial section, D = 0,56 mm.
Fig. 9. Millerella ex gr. lyschnjanskiensis Brazhn., № 17.4-2a, axial section, D = 0,32 mm.
Fig. 10. Plectostaffella eoseslavica Vdov., № 17.4-6, axial section, D = 0,34 mm.
Fig. 11. Pseudoendothyra globosa Ros., № 17.5-3, subaxial section, D = 0,34 mm.
Fig. 12. Millerella cf. anfractuosa Post., № 17.6-3, subaxial section, D = 0,51 mm.
Figs. 13, 14. Eostaffella postmosquensis acutiformis Kir., fig. 13 - axial section, № 17.6-4, D = 0,32 mm; fig. 14 -
subaxial section, № 17.6-4a, D = 0,33 mm.
Fig. 15. Euxinita efremovi Vdov. et Rost., № 17.4-3, axial section, D = 0,26 mm.
Plate 10
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Plate 11. Foraminifers from the bed 18 (Kurmakovskian Formation) of the Ladeynaja section.
Fig. 1. Plectostaffella eoseslavica Vdov., № 18.4-3, subaxial section, D = 0,37 mm.
Fig. 2. Eostaffella pseudostruvei chomatifera Kir., axial section, № 18A.1-2, D = 0,36 mm.
Fig. 3. Millerella anfractuosa Post., №18A.1-4, axial section, D = 0,43 mm.
Fig. 4. Dainella sp., № 18A.1-7, subaxial section, D = 0,32 mm.
Figs. 5, 10. Eostaffella pseudostruvei angusta Kir.; fig. 5 – subaxial section, № 18A.3-1, D = 0,33 mm; fig. 10 –
subaxial section, № 18A.3-4, D = 0,42 mm.
Figs. 6–8. Neoarchaediscus postrugosus (Reitl.); fig. 6 - axial section, № 18A.1-3, D = 0,33 mm; fig. 7 - axial section,
№ 18A.1-5, D = 0,33 mm; fig. 8 - subaxial section, № 18A.1-6, D = 0,27 mm.
Fig. 9. Pseudoendothyra globosa Ros., № 18A.2-1, axial section, D = 0,58 mm.
Fig. 11. Pseudoendothyra ex gr. parasphaerica Reitl., № 18A.2-10, subaxial section, D = 0,57 mm.
Fig. 12. Planospirodiscus minimus (Grozd. et Leb.), № 18A.3-3, axial section, D = 0,19 mm.
Fig. 13. Eostaffellina paraprotvae Raus., № 18A.3-5, axial section, D = 0,32 mm.
Figs. 14, 19. Neoarchaediscus gregorii (Dain); fig. 14 - subaxial section, № 18A.3-6, D = 0,28 mm; fig. 19 – axial
section, № 18A.4-3, D = 0,15 mm.
Fig. 15. Eostaffellina vischerensis (Grozd. et Leb.), № 18A.4-2, axial section, D = 0,20 mm.
Fig.16. Pseudoendothyra averinensa Post., № 18A.2-4, axial section, D = 0,30 mm.
Fig. 17. Asteroarchaediscus subbaschkiricus Reitl., № 18A.3-7, axial section, D = 0,32 mm.
Figs. 18, 20. Tchuisodiscus unduliformis Marf.; fig. 18 – axial section, № 18.4-2a, D = 0,32 mm; fig. 20 – subaxial
section, № 18A.4-2a, D = 0,31 mm.
Plate 11
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Corals
Fig. 1-5. Auloclisia sp. x3. Ladeiny Log section. Collection of Galina Ponomareva, 2013. Upper Visean.
Fig.6. Koninckophylloides sp. Mariinsky Log section, Quarry 4, outcrop 1236, bed 5, Mariinskyi Formation,
Bashkirian, Kamennogorian Regional Substage. Fig. 7-9. Aulophyllum fungites (Fleming) x3. Ladeiny Log section
Collection of Galina Ponomareva, 2015. Upper Visean
Plate 12
Scientific edition
Middle Urals. Carboniferous and Permian
marine and continental successions.
A Field Guidebook of XVIII International Congress on
Carboniferous and Permian (ICCP 2015)
Perm, August, 16–19, 2015
Computer layout by A.S. Perevoshchikova
Designed cover by A.S. Perevoshchikova
Signed for printing 11.08.15.
Format 205х290. Paper «VHI».
Conv. print sheets 14,0. Printing run 200 copies. Order 90776.
Printed from the original layout in printing house "Aster".
Russia, 614064, Perm, Usolskaya street, 15.
Perm State University.
Russia, 614990, Perm, Bukireva street, 15.
