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Wedelia trilobata L.: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review
Abstract
Studies on the traditional use of medicines are recognized as a way to learn about potential future medicines. Wedelia is an extensive genus of the family Asteraceae, comprising about 60 different species. Wedelia trilobata Linn. has long been used as traditional herbal medicine in South America, China, Japan, India and for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The aim of this review was to collect all available scientific literature published and combine it into this review. The present review comprises the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and therapeutic potential of W. trilobata. An exhaustive survey of literature revealed that tannin, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, terpenoids constitute major classes of phytoconstituents of this plant. Pharmacological reports revealed that this plant has antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, larvicidal, trypanocidal, uterine contraction, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and in the treatment of diabetes, menstrual pain and reproductive problems in women. W. trilobata seems to hold great potential for in-depth investigation for various biological activities, especially their effects on inflammation, bacterial infections, and reproductive system. Through this review, the authors hope to attract the attention of natural product researchers throughout the world to focus on the unexplored potential of W. trilobata, and it may be useful in developing new formulations with more therapeutic value.
... Wedelia has an approximately similar crude protein (CP) content to natural grass and lower fiber (Mo, 2017), so it can be a good alternative to natural grass for forage. However, due to the presence of secondary metabolites (Balekar et al., 2014), questions about its potential toxicity to animals need to be answered. Goats are, meanwhile, a species with a very wide feed spectrum, they can eat more poisonous plants than other ruminants due to the rapid adaptability of the rumen microbiota (Papachristou, 1997). ...
... This goat's DM intake is in line with other authors' observations, which ranged from 2.62 to 3.38% of LW Duyen et al., 2020;Truong et al., 2024). Therefore, it may be concluded that although Wedelia was said to contain toxic secondary metabolites (Balekar et al., 2014), feeding goats with it did not affect how much they consumed feed. This experiment found no effect of the F:C ratio on DM intake, similar to Lima et al. (2016), whereas Barbosa et al. (2018) showed a slight effect of the F:C ratio on goat's DM intake (P=0.044) with the forage source of Tifton-85 hay containing more NDF (71.2%). ...
... In this study, moreover, the concentrate in the diet was reduced and Wedelia increased. Wedelia has been shown to contain high levels of secondary metabolites (Balekar et al., 2014). These substances have the potential to inhibit enteric methane emissions in goats (Patra et al., 2017). ...
... WT thuộc họ cúc, là một loại cỏ dại, dây leo đất và thường tạo thành thảm dày, mọc phổ biến ở Việt Nam, nở hoa dường như liên tục quanh năm (Thaman, 1999). Từ lâu, WT đã được sử dụng làm thuốc thảo dược truyền thống ở Nam Mỹ, Trung Quốc, Nhật Bản, Ấn Độ, Việt Nam để điều trị nhiều loại bệnh (Balekar et al., 2014). Một số nghiên cứu trước đây đã chứng mình rằng trong chiết xuất từ hoa WT có chứa tanin, saponin, flavonoid, phenol, terpenoid tạo thành nhóm hợp chất polyphenol chính của loài này (Balekar et al., 2014). ...
... Từ lâu, WT đã được sử dụng làm thuốc thảo dược truyền thống ở Nam Mỹ, Trung Quốc, Nhật Bản, Ấn Độ, Việt Nam để điều trị nhiều loại bệnh (Balekar et al., 2014). Một số nghiên cứu trước đây đã chứng mình rằng trong chiết xuất từ hoa WT có chứa tanin, saponin, flavonoid, phenol, terpenoid tạo thành nhóm hợp chất polyphenol chính của loài này (Balekar et al., 2014). Các báo cáo dược lý cho thấy WT có tác dụng kháng oxy hóa, giảm đau, kháng viêm, kháng khuẩn, chữa lành vết thương, diệt ấu trùng, kháng ung thư, bảo vệ gan, chữa lành vết thương, điều trị tiểu đường và các vấn đề sinh sản ở phụ nữ (Balekar et al., 2014). ...
... Một số nghiên cứu trước đây đã chứng mình rằng trong chiết xuất từ hoa WT có chứa tanin, saponin, flavonoid, phenol, terpenoid tạo thành nhóm hợp chất polyphenol chính của loài này (Balekar et al., 2014). Các báo cáo dược lý cho thấy WT có tác dụng kháng oxy hóa, giảm đau, kháng viêm, kháng khuẩn, chữa lành vết thương, diệt ấu trùng, kháng ung thư, bảo vệ gan, chữa lành vết thương, điều trị tiểu đường và các vấn đề sinh sản ở phụ nữ (Balekar et al., 2014). Tóm lại, WT là một loại thảo dược có tiềm năng lớn để nghiên cứu sâu hơn về các hoạt động sinh học, đặc biệt là khả năng kháng oxy hóa tiềm năng của loài thực vật này. ...
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá khả năng tải các hợp chất polyphenol từ dịch chiết hoa sài đất ba thùy (Wedelia trilobata L. - WT) vào vi hạt fibroin tơ tằm và khảo sát hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa của các sản phẩm, sử dụng phương pháp DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Dịch chiết được nạp vào vi hạt bằng phương pháp đồng ngưng tụ. Hệ vi hạt fibroin chứa dịch chiết có kích thước trung bình là 7,11 µm, hiệu suất tải dịch chiết khá cao (74,13%) và có khả năng kiểm soát quá trình giải phóng polyphenol trong hệ đệm pH 7,4. Hơn nữa, dịch chiết WT có hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa rất cao (IC50=8,67 µg/mL) và vi hạt sau khi được tải dịch chiết cũng giữ được khả năng kháng oxy hóa (ở các mốc thời gian 30, 90, 180 phút, lần lượt là 27,89%, 44,75%, 52,61%). Do hệ vi hạt có khả năng giải phóng hoạt chất có kiểm soát, dẫn đến khả năng kháng oxy hóa của hệ phụ thuộc vào thời gian. Tóm lại, hệ vi hạt chứa cao WT là một ứng dụng tiềm năng cho các dạng thuốc phóng thích có kiểm soát.
... In addition, some kinds of literature mentioned that the Asteraceae family had been used for the treatment of kidney disease, colds, respiratory diseases/bronchitis, snakebite, stomach ache, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea and fertility enhancers (Taddei, dan Rosas-Romero, 1999;Mardina et al., 2019). Balekar et al. (2014) stated that this type of plant could cure hepatitis, restore digestion and infection. It contains secondary metabolites which have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-plasmodium, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antipyretic-analgesic and antitumor properties (Balekar et al., 2014;Chethan et al., 2012;Shankar dan Thomas, 2014;Verma dan Khasa, 2015). ...
... Balekar et al. (2014) stated that this type of plant could cure hepatitis, restore digestion and infection. It contains secondary metabolites which have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-plasmodium, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antipyretic-analgesic and antitumor properties (Balekar et al., 2014;Chethan et al., 2012;Shankar dan Thomas, 2014;Verma dan Khasa, 2015). ...
... Moreover, the geographical condition of this nation is very supportive of the spread of this plant. International research on S. trilobata is still limited to the potential of anticancer agents (Balekar et al., 2014). Further research on the utility of S. trilobata as a phytomedicine in terms of phytochemicals and pharmacology requires special studies that must be proven, specifically for the cases of breast cancer (Richard et al., 2015). ...
Abstract : Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F. Pruski is one of the perennial herbs that is widely used by the national and international community to treat various diseases including cancer. The objective of this study was to assessment the anticancer activity of n-hexane extract of S. trilobata leaves for inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro by MTT (microculture tetrazolium salt) method. The n-hexane extract of sernai leaves was obtained from the maceration process of samples that were collected from the Langsa city, Aceh. The cytotoxicity test was carried out by incubating MCF-7 cells which had been exposed to several series of sample levels, viz. 1000; 500; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5 and 1 µg/mL. LC50 values are calculated using probit analysis. The results revealed that the n-hexane extract of S. trilobata leaves was cytotoxic against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with an LC50 value of 0.037 μg /mL.
Abstrak : Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F. Pruski merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang digunakan secara luas oleh masyarakat nasional dan internasional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit termasuk kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antikanker ekstrak n-heksana daun S. trilobata dalam menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara MCF-7 secara in vitro dengan metode MTT (microculture tetrazolium salt). Ekstrak n-heksana daun sernai diperoleh dari proses maserasi sampel yang dikoleksi dari kota Langsa, Aceh. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan menginkubasi sel MCF-7 yang telah dipaparkan beberapa seri kadar sampel yaitu 1000, 500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5 dan 1 µg/mL. Nilai LC50 dihitung dengan menggunakan analisa probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana daun S. trilobata bersifat sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara (MCF-7) dengan harga LC50 sebesar 0,037 µg/mL.
... The genus Wedelia, comprises about 107 species that are distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Southeast Asia, the islands of the Pacific, Africa... To date, about 6 species occur in Vietnam and several of these speciesare used in folk medicine, for example in the treatment of arthritic painful joints, abdominal pains, backache, bronchitis, colds, rheumatism, and swellings. [1][2][3] Previously, W. trilobata were found to exhibit potential antioxidant, [4] analgesic, [5] antileishmaniasis, [6] anti-inflammatory, [4] antimicrobial, [4] antitumor, [4] hepatoprotective, [7] larvicidal, wound healing, [8] uterine contraction, anddiabetes. [9] Phytochemical work on this species has revealed the presence of a number of flavonoids, polyacetylenes, andterpenoids, as well as steroid derivatives. ...
... [9] Phytochemical work on this species has revealed the presence of a number of flavonoids, polyacetylenes, andterpenoids, as well as steroid derivatives. [2] In continuation of our search for potential bioactive compounds from Wedelia genus, [10,11] we report the isolation and structural elucidation of five compounds (1-5, (4), and 3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid (5) from W. trilobata. Moreover, their ability to inhibit NO production in PS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells as well as cytotoxic activity was evaluated. ...
... The isolated compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) were tested for their ability to inhibit NO production in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells at concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 µM. Only compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects (with IC50 values of 78.5 and 21.9 µM, respectively), while compounds 1,4, and 5 were inactive(IC50S > 100 µM), up to the highest concentration tested (100 μM). ...
Using various chromatographic separations, five compounds (1–5) were isolated from a methanol extract of W. trilobata leaves. Their structures were elucidated to be paniculoside‐IV (1), 3‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1‐4)‐β‐D‐glucoronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (2), 5,7,4'‐trihydroxyflavone (3), apigenin 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4), and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐cinnamic acid (5), by detailed analysis via spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1D, 2D NMR and ESI‐MS data) as well as comparison with those reported. This is the first report of 2 from Wedelia genus. Furthermore, the effects of the isolated compounds on LPS‐induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells and cytotoxic activity (against A549, MCF‐7, Hep3B, and PC3 cell lines) were also evaluated.
... Anticonvulsant and anti-cancer effects [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. W. biflorais called by different names such as sernai/ seruni(Indonesia), Wedelia kuning (Malaysia), Atiat (Puluwat), Bay Biscayne creeping oxeye, creeping daisy, creeping wedelia, rabbit's paw, Singapore daisy, gold cup, water zinnia, trailing daisy and wild marigold (English), America hama-guruma (Japan), hansenfuss (Geramany), di jinhua (China), Singapore-madeliefie (Africa), kradum tong (Thailand), ampelkrage (Sweden), arnica-domato, pseudo-arnica, vedelia (Brazil), and uttelia (Marshall Islands), and [6]. ...
... The base of each flower-head (capitulum) in enclosed in a row (involucre) of narrow (lanceolate) green bracts (1 cm long). Flowering occurs throughout the year, but is most common from spring to autumn ( Figure 1) [6]. ...
... The flower is said to be violent urgative [2].Hong Kong developed W. trilobata for the dealingwith the common cold, hepatitis, indigestion and infections. In Trinidad and Tobago, it against reproductive problems, amenorrhea, and dysmenorrheal.Vietnam consumed Wedelia for the treatment of fewer and malaria [6]. Mishra et al. [3]identified that the W.chinensis had anticonvulsant activity due to the presence of glycocides, alkaloid, flavonoid, and steroid. ...
In this study, comparison of preliminary phytochemical screening of Wedeliabiflora was conducted using the n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents extracts. The W.biflora samples were grouped into flowers andleaves. The different solvents of flowers extracts exhibited secondary compound viz. flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol, tannin, steroid, and saponin. While the extracts of leaves revealed flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol, tannin and steroid without saponin. Thus, the present of various bioactive components in the W. biflora extract might bepotential for responsible on the pharmacological activities including antifungi, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer.
... Vietnam is found as one mega-biodiversity South-East Asia countries, where can be expected to have many potential unexploited medicinal herbs to be studied as a source phytopharmica or molecule targets/strategies and their main function medicine. Opportunity exploration of medicinal plants is still very wide enhancer, muscle cramps, rheumatism, stubborn wounds, sores and swellings [8,9]. Flowers and leaf part of this plant were used in the ladies for the purpose of amenorrhea, childbirth, abortion and to clear the placenta after birth [9,10]. ...
... Opportunity exploration of medicinal plants is still very wide enhancer, muscle cramps, rheumatism, stubborn wounds, sores and swellings [8,9]. Flowers and leaf part of this plant were used in the ladies for the purpose of amenorrhea, childbirth, abortion and to clear the placenta after birth [9,10]. Recently, pharmacological reports revealed that this plant has antioxidant [11], analgesic [12], antileishmaniasis [13], anti-inflammatory [11], antimicrobial [11], antitumor [11], hepatoprotective [6], larvicidal, wound healing [14], uterine contraction, diabetes [15], menstrual pain and reproductive problems in women [16]. ...
... Recently, pharmacological reports revealed that this plant has antioxidant [11], analgesic [12], antileishmaniasis [13], anti-inflammatory [11], antimicrobial [11], antitumor [11], hepatoprotective [6], larvicidal, wound healing [14], uterine contraction, diabetes [15], menstrual pain and reproductive problems in women [16]. Phytochemical work on this species has revealed the presence of a number of flavonoids, polyacetylenes, and terpenoids, as well as steroids [9]. Besides, the previous studies have indicated the presence of several other compounds as benzene derivatives were also reported in the species, but they appear to have a more limited distribution. ...
In the ongoing research to find new diabetes constituents from the genus Wedelia, the chemical constituent of Wedelia trilobata leaves, a Vietnamese medicinal plant species used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, was selected for detailed investigation. From a methanolic extract, two new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, wedtrilosides A and B (1 and 2), along with five known metabolites (3–7), were isolated from W. trilobata. The chemical structures of (1–7) were assigned via spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1D, 2D NMR and HR-QTOF-MS data) and chemical methods. The isolates were evaluated for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the clinical drug acarbose. Among them, compounds 4, 6, and 7 showed the most potent against α-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 values of 27.54 ± 1.12, 173.78 ± 2.37, and 190.40 ± 2.01 μg/mL. While moderate inhibitory effect against α-amylase was observed with compounds 6 and 7 (with IC50 = 181.97 ± 2.62 and 52.08 ± 0.56 μg/mL, respectively). The results suggested that the antidiabetic properties from the leaves of W. trilobata are not simply a result of each isolated compound, but are due to other factors such as the accessibility of polyphenolic groups to α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities.
... Literatures reported that the S. trilobata has been practiced for treatments of various diseases [5,6,7,4]. It is ordo Asterales with family Asteraceae which record long history in medicinal practice for treatment of various deseases such as skin diseases, snakebite, wounds, sore throat, headache, cold, fever, ulcer, varicose, dysfunction of kidney and amenorrhea [3]. ...
... It is ordo Asterales with family Asteraceae which record long history in medicinal practice for treatment of various deseases such as skin diseases, snakebite, wounds, sore throat, headache, cold, fever, ulcer, varicose, dysfunction of kidney and amenorrhea [3]. Asian countries also utilized them as antibacterial, antifungals, anti-plasmodium, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antipyretic-analgestic and antitumor [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Other people employ Asteraceae against bronchitis, and enhance fertility [12]. ...
This study evaluated antioxidant and cytotoxicity of methanol extract from flowers of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F. Pruski. Phytochemical Screening of the flowers exhibited the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, steroid and absent of tannin. The flowers extract also showed good source of antioxidant with an IC 50 value of 19.072 μg/ml which was categorized in the range of strong antioxidant activity (<150 ppm). Cytotoxic activity of the flowers against HeLa cell line was found to 331.287 (LC 50 ) or 83% inhibition. The results might suggest/support the flower of S,trilobata as source of natural antioxidant. However, further study about in vivo antioxidant and lethal dose of this sample are recommended.
... J. F Pruski. [4] S. trilobata is a member of family Asteraceae that has been utilized as old traditional medicine in India, Chinese, Caribbean, and Central and South America. [7] It is known as "Wedelia" in the Pacific, Singapore daisy in Australia, [8] creeping daisy in English, [9] Seruni/Sernai in Indonesia, and Wedelia kuning in Malaysia. [10] For six decades ago, some species of this family (Wedelia chinensis, Wedelia paludosa, Wedelia calendulaceae, Wedelia prostrata, Wedelia spp., and Wedelia trilobata) have been great interest in the pharmaceutical therapy [11] since they exhibited biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-plasmodium, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antipyretic-analgesic, and anticancer activities. ...
... [8,20] Alkaloid, flavonoids, and steroid can act as antioxidant that led to the invention of antianalgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-tonic activities, respectively. [9,10,21] ...
Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F. Pruski is the perennial herb distributed at tropical temperature. In this study, the antioxidant and anticancer properties of the ethyl acetate extract from S. trilobata leaves were investigated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The antioxidant and anticancer activities were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay methods, respectively. The extract demonstrated DPPH free radical scavenging effect with IC50 value equaling to 127.43 μg/mL. The cytotoxic study was conducted on the concentration range of 1-200 μg/mL, and the results exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against MCF-7 with the LC50 value of 58.143 μg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of the extract was supported by the induction of apoptosis cell which possessed the apoptosis percentage of 78.80%. Thus, the cheap herbal drug treatment might highly be recommended to treat effectively breast cancers as an ideal choice or combinational therapy.
... Over the past decades, it has been historically used as a traditional folk medicinal plant, such as anti-headache, antipyretic 1 , and to treat upper respiratory tract infection 2 . In addition, previous studies reported that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of W. trilobata flowers and leaves exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities 3 . In particular, the bioactive compounds from ethanolic extract of W. trilobata leaves showed potential wound-healing properties 4 . ...
... This isolated specimen could be considered as P. granulosum strain that can possess the pathogenic role in acne vulgaris and plays an important synergistic role in the inflammation with P. acnes. Although the EO extracted from the leaves of W. trilobata showed antioxidant activity and exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria [3][4][5] , no anti-P. granulosum activity was reported. ...
This study reports on the in vitro antibacterial activity of hydro-distilled essential oil from Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc leaves against Propionibacterium granulosum. The percentage yield of this essential oil via hydrodistillation was 0.21 ± 0.01% (v/w). A total of 112 chemical components present in the essential oil from W. trilobata leaves representing 62% of the total oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main bioactive constituents were monoterpenes, ?-pinene (19.5%), ?-phellandrene (7.4%), limonene (3.6%), oxazine (3.3%), and ?-pinene (3.1%). This essential oil showed the moderate antioxidant capacity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and gallic acid equivalent, and possessed anti-P. granulosum activity from the inhibition zone from the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 595 ± 206 µg/ml) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC, 1191 ± 413 µg/ml) values of this essential oil were higher than the MIC (1.30 ± 0.37 µg/ml) and MBC (2.61 ± 0.91 µg/ml) values of commercial clindamycin gel and the MIC (52 ± 18 µg/ml) and MBC (104 ± 36 µg/ml) values of commercial benzoyl peroxide gel. The results provide new information on the hydro-distilled essential oil from W. trilobata leaves, which may be important for developing new alternative anti-acne products.
... 1 Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski or Wedelia trilobata (L.) A.S. Hitch., is a member of the family Asteraceae. Its leaves or aerial parts are used for backache, muscle cramp, rheumatism, sores, swelling and arthritic painful joints. 2 The leaves and stems are used in childbirth and in the treatment of bites and stings, fever and infection, 3 wound healing. 2 S. trilobata has antioxidant, 4 anti bacterial, 5 analgesic, 6 and antimicrobial activities, 7 and is a potential candidate in the management of diabetes. 8 These pharmacological activities may depend on its phytoconstituents such as tannin, saponins, flavonoids, phenol and terpenoids. ...
... 8 These pharmacological activities may depend on its phytoconstituents such as tannin, saponins, flavonoids, phenol and terpenoids. 3 Despite non acute toxicity of the leaf extract from S. trilobata has been reported in our previous study. 9 To see whether it is safe for long term administration, the present study was therefore, designed to determine the chronic toxicity of 80% ethanolic leaf extract from S. trilobata to Wistar rats for 90 days. ...
Context: Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski. is a member of the family Asteraceae and has used traditionally in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Aim: The research was aimed to determine chronic toxicity of 80% ethanolic leaf extract from S.trilobata (STLE). Materials and Methods: STLE at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg b. w. was oral given to the healthy Wistar rats daily for 90 days. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was carried out using F-Test (One-Way ANOVA) followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Results: STLE did not produce any signs or symptoms of chronic toxicity. And also, the mortal rat was not observed during a period of an observation. Furthermore, STLE did not alter the body weight, relative organ (liver, pancreas, kidney and heart) weight, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, blood cell characteristics, ultrastructure of RBC, and histological features of hepatic, pancreatic and renal tissues in the STLE treated rats comparing to control rats. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the leaf extract from S. trilobata exerts non chronic toxicity in rats and can be used safely as a traditional medicine or diet complement without any effect on hepatic and renal functions.
... antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-cancer properties. [1,2] In traditional medicine, the genus Sphagneticola has been used to treat wounds, ulcers, vaginal discharge, and gonorrhea. [2] Previous studies found that S. trilobata extract was active as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic agent. ...
The invasive plant, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J. F. Pruski, has been known for its bioactivities and used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nonetheless, previous research has not directly compared the effectiveness of the plant parts in producing the AuNPs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the flower and leaf of S. trilobata in synthesizing AuNPs. S. trilobata leaves and flowers were separately extracted using distilled water at 60°C for 30 min. The leaf and flower extracts were mixed with the HAuCl. 3H 2 O and heated to 60°C for 30 min to yield AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt, respectively. AuNPs were also prepared using trisodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ) as a control. The resultant AuNPs were characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition and anticancer activity– 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against MCF-7 cells. The AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt were revealed to have better stability and smaller particle diameters. AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt had average particle diameters of 11.86 ± 3.37 and 34.86 ± 23.56 nm, respectively. Agglomeration was predominantly observed in AuNPs synthesized using the flower or leaf extract as stipulated to be affected by the insufficient capping agent and intense hydrolytic reaction. AuNPs-AFSt had higher DPPH antioxidant activity than AuNPs-ALSt with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of IC 50 123.44 and 168.83 ppm, respectively. Both AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt could inhibit 80% growth of the MCF-7; however, at lower concentrations, inhibitory effects were more pronounced in AuNPs-AFSt. Aqueous extracts of S. trilobata flowers and leaves could be used to synthesize AuNPs, whereas the former yielded AuNPs with higher biological activities.
... Kaurenoic acid (1-10 mg/kg p.o.) also inhibited acute carrageenin and PGE2 induced and chronic CFA induced mechanical hyperalgesia. (35,36) Suresh Kumar et.al. (2007) conducted a study on Wedeliatrilobata by acetic acid-induced writhing method and hot plate assay to assess analgesic activity in mice. ...
Sphagneticolatrilobata (L.) Pruski, also known as Wedeliatrilobata (L.), is a tropical perennial flowering plant which is distributed across various parts of the world.The aim of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of dry and fresh parts of leaf, stem and flower from the water extract of Wedeliatrilobata.The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. From the results, it was observed that of the thirteen phytochemicals screened, ten were found present in various solvent extracts. They are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, proteins, aminoacids and carbohydrates.Inall, more phytochemicals were found present in extract prepared with ethanol.Preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates and flavonoids.Anatomical and histochemical investigations of Sphagneticolatrilobata (L.) Pruski, Asteraceae, secretory structures in leaves and stems and the seasonal variation of essential oils were carried out.
... On the other hand, Grandiflorenicacid (2.5µg/mL) resulted in the percentage viability of Bhuman fibroblast, keratinocytes 116%, and 106%, respectively, the scientific evidence of potential wound healing activity of grandiflorenic acid. This activity is made possible by fibroblast stimulation in conjunction with inhibition of prolonging the inflammatory phase of wound healing, as demonstrated by lower levels of inflammatory cytokines released from macrophage Raw 264.7 cells [22,23] . When compared to Ciprofloxacin, the extract of W. trilobata showed lower antimicrobial activity than Ciprofloxacin. ...
... This perennial plant prefers littoral zones and can grow up to the height of 60cm in low elevation areas. This plant especially its flowers and leaves were reported to have extraordinarily benefits for women health complications like childbirth, amenorrhea, and uterine contractions (Balekar et al., 2014;Suchantabud et al., 2017). The present investigation is planned to find out active compounds in the vegetative aerial parts of Sphagneticola trilobata by GC-MS analysis using methanolic plant extract. ...
... Commonly known by its former name, Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc., this plant has been used to treat numerous diseases in folklore medicine. Ethnopharmacological studies have revealed that S. trilobata played important roles in the treatment of liver disease, the common cold, intestinal problems, fever, headache, and malaria in Asian regions (Balekar et al., 2014). In Java Island, cancer-related symptoms such as inflammation have been treated traditionally using Sphagneticola leaves (Vivi et al., 2019). ...
The Indonesian archipelago is home to the second largest biodiversity in the world and is inhabited by more than 300 ethnic groups with a total population of more than 270 million. The indigenous population still rely on traditional medicine practices, especially the use of plant-based remedies. Although modern science-based exploration on Indonesian medicinal plants started with the European settlement in the archipelago in the 16th century, it was not until the 1970's that the phytochemistry of Indonesian medicinal plants was recognized for its potency. The need for new cancer cures to increase the quality of human life has led to the bioprospecting of medicinal plants including those of Indonesian origin. Despite published reports on the anticancer potency of Indonesian medicinal plants, to date there has been no comprehensive review on this topic. In this manuscript, we review the phytochemical and pharmacological studies on medicinal plants from Indonesia related to cancer therapy. Established databases (GARUDA, SciFinder, and PubMed) were used to collate data from 1990 to 2022, resulting in the description of 134 medicinal plants and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties including examples containing potent agents against breast, leukaemia, cervix, lung, and colon cancer cell lines based on in vitro bioassays and in vivo evaluation. These findings provide valuable insights into the bioprospecting of Indonesian medicinal plant providing directions for future studies, including the development of new therapeutics, both as botanicals or by using conventional dosage.
... Oryzae, as well as molluscicidal, antibacterial, and antimycobacterial properties from the fresh entire plant. W. trilobata has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and anti-diabetic natural medicine source [15,16]. S. trilibata is a generally harmless plant that may be used as traditional medicine or as a dietary supplement without altering hepatic or renal function. ...
The objective of this study is to assess the phytochemical activity of the methanolic extract of Sphagneticolatrilobata (L.) and to evaluate the bioactive compounds present using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The objective of this study is to investigate the potential anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract derived from S. trilobata. The bioactive compounds of S. trilobata were identified through the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant properties of S. trilobata were assessed through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl),ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The antibacterial properties of S. trilobata extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were assessed using the disc diffusion technique, Minimum inhibitory concentrations, and growth curve analysis. The methanolic S. trilobata plant was contain 40 bioactive compounds. Among them amounts of oleic acid (100%), abietic acid (98.25%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (94.45%). The antioxidants revealed that dose dependent activity, the highest antioxidant activity was DPPH (53.5%), ABTS (54.7%), H2O2 (54.1%) and SOD (43.2%) at 1.5mg/mL.
The antibacterial activity revealed that high antibacterial properties against P.aeruginosaand S. aureus inhibition zones of P. aeruginosa (14 ±0.8 mm) and S. aureus, both (12± 0.4 mm).The preliminary examination of the volatile compounds indicates the existence of novel bioactive constituents that have not been previously documented in S. trilobata from different geographic regions. The present study investigates the biological activities of the methanolic extract derived from S. trilobata leaves, with a focus on its potential applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
Keywords: Sphagneticola trilobata Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial antioxidant
... Unfortunately, since meliponiculture is not a common practice in the Yucatan Peninsula, it is difficult to have experimental designs in which the chemical composition of the propolis produced by different bee species can be compared in sites where they share botanical sources. This is the first report about the presence of grandiflorenic acid and its methyl ester as propolis components; while both metabolites have been reported in the leaves of Wedelia trilobata, a species found in the Yucatan Peninsula (Balekar et al. 2014), further studies are needed in order to confirm the botanical source of these metabolites in the propolis samples. Lupeol acetate, β-amyrin acetate, α-amyrin, lupenone, and lupeol are all pentacyclic triterpenes and have been reported as resin components in the large tropical families Burseraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and Anacardiaceae (Bracho et al. 2009). ...
Propolis is used by corbiculated bees to protect the bee hive; it is mostly used to seal cracks, to reduce or prevent microbial growth and to embalm invaders. Different factors have been reported to influence the chemical composition of propolis, including bee species and the flora surrounding the hive. Nevertheless, the majority of the studies are focused on propolis produced by Apis mellifera, while studies on the chemical composition of propolis produced by stingless bees are still limited. In this investigation, the chemical composition of 27 propolis samples collected in the Yucatan Peninsula from A. mellifera beehives, together with 18 propolis samples from six different species of stingless bees, were analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that lupeol acetate and β-amyrin were the characteristic triterpenes in propolis samples from A. mellifera, while grandiflorenic acid and its methyl ester were the main metabolites present in samples from stingless bees. Multivariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between bee species and botanical sources on the chemical composition of the propolis samples. Differences in body size and, therefore, foraging abilities, as well as preferences for specific botanical sources among bee species, could explain the observed variation in propolis chemical composition. This is the first report on the composition of propolis samples from the stingless bees Trigona nigra, Scaptotrigona pectoralis, Nannotrigona perilampoides, Plebeia frontalis and Partamona bilineata.
... Binomial Classification of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) pruski.5 ...
... For the present study, the ligand molecules were selected based on the three-dimensional (3D) chemical structures of 52 bioactive secondary metabolites from W. trilobata [26]. In addition, the anti-apoptotic known inhibitor Obatoclax was used as the standard drug for the present study. ...
Citation: Gowtham, H.G.; Ahmed, F.; Anandan, S.; Shivakumara, C.S.; Bilagi, A.; Pradeep, S.; Shivamallu, C.; Shati, A.A.; Alfaifi, M.Y.; Elbehairi, S.E.I.; et al. In Silico Computational Studies of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Wedelia trilobata against Anti-Apoptotic B-Cell Lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) Protein Abstract: In the present study, the binding affinity of 52 bioactive secondary metabolites from Wedelia trilobata towards the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein (PDB: 2W3L) structure was identified by using in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the binding energies of docked compounds with Bcl-2 protein ranged from −5.3 kcal/mol to −10.1 kcal/mol. However, the lowest binding energy (−10.1 kcal/mol) was offered by Friedelin against Bcl-2 protein when compared to other metabolites and the standard drug Obatoclax (−8.4 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the Friedelin-Bcl-2 protein complex was found to be stable throughout the simulation period of 100 ns. Overall, the predicted Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of Friedelin are relatively better than Obatoclax, with the most noticeable differences in many parameters where Friedelin has no AMES toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and skin sensitization. The ADMET profiling of selected compounds supported their in silico drug-likeness properties. Based on the computational analyses, the present study concluded that Friedelin of W. trilobata was found to be the potential inhibitor of the Bcl-2 protein, which merits attention for further in vitro and in vivo studies before clinical trials.
... [12,13]. Alkaloid and flavonoids can act as antioxidant that led to the invention of anti-analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-tonic activities, respectively [14,15]. Saponins are characterized by a wide spectrum of anti-tumor activity: they can inhibit proliferation and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, reduce their invasive activity; saponins show the multidirectional effects of saponins on various processes related to the promotion and progression of cancer, taking into account the main assumptions related to hallmarks of cancer with particular emphasis on the papers from recent years (2010-2015) [16]. ...
Cleome gynandra Linn. is the native herb distributed at tropical and sub-tropical temperature. In this study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the ethanolic extract of Cleome gynandra leaves were investigated also the anti-cancer activity was assessed against A549 lung cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. The IC50 value of DPPH was ranged from 65.67 µg/ml for the leaf extract. The anti-microbial activity was showed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salomonella typhi. The cytotoxic study was conducted and the results exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against A549 lung cancer cell line as concentration dependent manner. The cytotoxic activity of the leaf extract was supported by the induction of apoptosis cell. The other assays to evaluate anticancer activity are DAPI (4,6 – diamminodino-2-phenylindole), PI (propidium iodide) and EtBr/AO (Ethidium bromide/acridine orange) staining methods. All the study results revealed the efficient anticancer activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Cleome gynandra leaves. Thus, the herbal drug treatment might highly be recommended to treat effectively lung cancer cell line as an ideal choice or combinational therapy.
... Present in thyme, has antibacterial and antiviral properties. Anti-fungal and antibacterial functions Caffeics A., which can be present in thyme, is antifungal and antiviral [19,20]. The phenolic groups work on various locations on the bacterial cell wall, and it diffuses from the aqueous process into the cell membrane, expanding it [21]. ...
Staphylococci spp ubiquitous, including a different species as normal flora. The most virulent and resistant to antibiotic are Staphylococcus aureus and mutans, species which colonizes epithelial surfaces and causes dangerous humans infections. The objectives of this study is studying and Using the agar agar weal diffusion process, researchers tested the The degree of susceptibility of bacteria from one type of plant extract to another varies for six different concentrations using several methods (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/ml) of each Aqueous and alcoholic plant extracted were used then evaluated. The alcoholic Ziziphus In this study, we see that the strongest activity of the extract against the tested bacterium Ziziphus. this analysis. Turmeric, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts, on the other hand, had comparable antimicrobial activity but at higher concentrations. However, against S. aureus and S. mutans, the aqueous extract of cuminum cyminum had no inhibitory action. The S. aureus isolates seemed to be resistant to the extracts of Ziziphus and Tumeric. The S. mutans isolate, on the other hand, was more susceptible to cuminum cyminum, but only at low concentrations
... In recent years, ST is subjecting concerns for the specialists at University of Chittagong. Alien invasive plants are the recent problems for production and conservation of forests and biodiversity in Bangladesh (Afrin et al., 2010;Akter and Zuberi, 2009;Al-Amin, 2017;Azam, 2017;Balekar et al., 2014;Barua et al., 2001;Dueñas et al., 2018;Hossain et al., 2020;Hossen and Hossain, 2018). Alien invasive plants are generally the species of higher invasion potentials like: faster growing capacity, higher fecundity, wide range of regeneration capacity, faster covering capacities, highly suitable in wide range of site conditions, capable to replace original site species or to moderate the site conditions highly (Daly et al., 2012;Genovesi and Shine, 2004;Hossen et al., 2021;Jelbert et al., 2015;Lowe et al., 2000;Morse et al., 2004;Nature and Group, 2000;Rahman and Roy, 2014;Richardson and Pyšek, 2004;ISAC (2006): Verma and Khosa, 2015). ...
Sphagneticola trilobata is a creeping herb species of composite nature. The study was designed to evaluate the invasion potentials due to several factors to visualize the spreading nature with a view to quantifying the responses of different management techniques of the Sphagneticola trilobata at University of Chittagong. The task is followed in experimental design method in field condition and randomized block design is done in several phases of the experiments. The overall results show that Sphagneticola trilobata is an invasive species in the study area and it is spreading fast in newer spots. The rate of horizontal length and regeneration capacity of the species was capable to cover the whole area within 1.51 years through faster sprouting within 4 to 32 days against different control measures applied in the experimental blocks in sites. The area covered by the species at University of Chittagong related linearly with soil pH, plant growth and soil moisture in linear regression model. The study recommended using the plant more in medicine production rather than controlling. This species is of invasive nature but proper utilization was considered as economic and auto-controlling system for Sphagneticola trilobata.
... In recent years, ST is subjecting concerns for the specialists at University of Chittagong. Alien invasive plants are the recent problems for production and conservation of forests and biodiversity in Bangladesh (Afrin et al., 2010;Akter and Zuberi, 2009;Al-Amin, 2017;Azam, 2017;Balekar et al., 2014;Barua et al., 2001;Dueñas et al., 2018;Hossain et al., 2020;Hossen and Hossain, 2018). Alien invasive plants are generally the species of higher invasion potentials like: faster growing capacity, higher fecundity, wide range of regeneration capacity, faster covering capacities, highly suitable in wide range of site conditions, capable to replace original site species or to moderate the site conditions highly (Daly et al., 2012;Genovesi and Shine, 2004;Hossen et al., 2021;Jelbert et al., 2015;Lowe et al., 2000;Morse et al., 2004;Nature and Group, 2000;Rahman and Roy, 2014;Richardson and Pyšek, 2004;ISAC (2006): Verma and Khosa, 2015). ...
Invasive growth and spreading nature of Sphagneticola trilobata with statistical modeling.
... Sphagneticola trilobata L. of the family Asteraceae is a commonly available plant that is widely used for its biopotentialities viz., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities Mani et al., 2021a;Mani et al., 2021b;Mani et al., 2021c). They also offer wound healing, antihelmintic and anticancer pharmacological activities as it has been noted that the plant is rich in phytoconstituents (such as flavonoids, saponins, phenol, tannins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides) and also contains acetylenes and derivatives of kaurenic acid (Sandra et al., 2012;Balekar et al., 2014) and no reports are available to date on the biosynthesis of ZnO-NPs from any of the Sphagneticola spp. Due to the strong pharmacological properties of the Sphagneticola trilobata L., the synthesis of ZnO-NPs was car-ried out to evaluate their efficacy in inducing tumor in vivo, including antioxidant, genotoxic and biocompatible nature by using human erythrocytes. ...
Cancer is considered as one of the relatively high mortality diseases to humankind and the search for newer strategies to combat the disease is a never-ending process. In view of the same the present study was designed to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from the aqueous leaf extract (ALE) of medicinally important plant Sphagneticola trilobata L. for the first time and to evaluate its efficacy in inducing cancer against HT-29 cells apart from identifying their biocompatible potential. The as-prepared StZnO-NPs were characterized by different techniques that signified the properties of the nanoparticles, which included an absorption peak at 298 nm, bandgap energy of 3.43 eV with a size of $ 29.83 nm. The scanning electron microscopic images confirmed the particles were agglomerated and the energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the particles were of 98.23% purity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the metabolites of the ALE act as reducing/ stabilizing agents during the synthesis process which was confirmed by the presence of absorbance peak between 400 cm À1 to 600 cm À1. The StZnO-NPs also offered potential antioxidant and genotoxic potential with an IC 50 value of 0.7 mg mL À1. In addition, the cytotoxic ability of the StZnO-NPs against the HT-29 colon cancer cells and human erythrocytes revealed that the particles were cytotoxic towards HT-29 cells, while insignificant effect against the human erythrocytes. Further, a detailed investigation on the interaction with cells and their inherent toxicity may be enhanced through in vivo methods before their therapeutic usage as the StZnO-NPs evaluated during the study offered antioxidant, genotoxic and cyto-toxic properties is biocompatible.
... Sphagneticola trilobata L. of the family Asteraceae is a commonly available plant that is widely used for its biopotentialities viz., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities Mani et al., 2021a;Mani et al., 2021b;Mani et al., 2021c). They also offer wound healing, antihelmintic and anticancer pharmacological activities as it has been noted that the plant is rich in phytoconstituents (such as flavonoids, saponins, phenol, tannins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides) and also contains acetylenes and derivatives of kaurenic acid (Sandra et al., 2012;Balekar et al., 2014) and no reports are available to date on the biosynthesis of ZnO-NPs from any of the Sphagneticola spp. Due to the strong pharmacological properties of the Sphagneticola trilobata L., the synthesis of ZnO-NPs was car-ried out to evaluate their efficacy in inducing tumor in vivo, including antioxidant, genotoxic and biocompatible nature by using human erythrocytes. ...
Cancer is considered as one of the relatively high mortality diseases to humankind and the search for newer strategies to combat the disease is a never-ending process. In view of the same the present study was designed to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from the aqueous leaf extract (ALE) of medicinally important plant Sphagneticola trilobata L. for the first time and to evaluate its efficacy in inducing cancer against HT-29 cells apart from identifying their biocompatible potential. The as-prepared StZnO-NPs were characterized by different techniques that signified the properties of the nanoparticles, which included an absorption peak at 298 nm, bandgap energy of 3.43 eV with a size of ∼29.83 nm. The scanning electron microscopic images confirmed the particles were agglomerated and the energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the particles were of 98.23% purity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the metabolites of the ALE act as reducing/ stabilizing agents during the synthesis process which was confirmed by the presence of absorbance peak between 400 cm⁻¹ to 600 cm⁻¹. The StZnO-NPs also offered potential antioxidant and genotoxic potential with an IC50 value of 0.7 mg mL⁻¹. In addition, the cytotoxic ability of the StZnO-NPs against the HT-29 colon cancer cells and human erythrocytes revealed that the particles were cytotoxic towards HT-29 cells, while insignificant effect against the human erythrocytes. Further, a detailed investigation on the interaction with cells and their inherent toxicity may be enhanced through in vivo methods before their therapeutic usage as the StZnO-NPs evaluated during the study offered antioxidant, genotoxic and cytotoxic properties is biocompatible.
... J. F. Pruski (previously Wedelia trilobata) [6]; [7]. Some literature states that S. trilobata has biological activity [8]; [9]; [10]; [11]. S. trilobata flowers are reported to have antioxidant activity [12], antibacterial [13]; [12], anti-inflammatory [14], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [15]. ...
The S. trilobata flowers grow thro ughout the year, so they are rarely used and eventually wasted. S. trilobata flowers contain metabolite compounds that have potential as antioxidants. Antioxidants are useful for reducing free radical activity which can cause degenerative diseases. The purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity of S. trilobata flower extract in n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents and to measure the value of antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract of S. trilobata flowers expressed by IC50. Extraction of S. trilobata flowers used the maceration method and measurement their antioxidant activities were carried out by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) method with a spectrophotometer UV-Vis at a wavelength of 517. The results exhibited that the n-hexane extract had weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 410.18 µg / mL, while the ethyl acetate extract had strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 249.50 µg/mL.
... For instance, Mentha × piperita preparations can apparently reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea via certain analgesic mechanisms [40]. Phyllanthus muellerianus extracts are also traditionally used to treat menstrual disorders [41], and Wedelia trilobata is effective against menstrual pain and reproductive problems in women [42]. ...
The analgesic properties of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) have been known since ancient times and depend on the presence of bioactive sesquiterpenes with furanodiene skeletons. MyrLiq is a C. myrrha extract with a standardized content of curzerene, furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, and lindestrene (12.31±0.05 g kg⁻¹, 18.84±0.02 g kg⁻¹, and 6.23±0.01 g kg⁻¹, resp.) and a high total furanodiene content (40.86±0.78 g kg⁻¹). A balanced sample of 95 female and 89 male volunteers (with ages ranging from 18 to older than 60 years) exhibiting different pain pathologies, including headache, fever-dependent pain, joint pain, muscle aches, lower back pain, and menstrual cramps, was divided into two groups. The experimental group received 1 capsule/day containing either 200 mg or 400 mg of MyrLiq (corresponding to 8 mg and 16 mg of bioactive furanodienes, resp.) for 20 days, and the placebo group was given the same number of capsules with no MyrLiq. A score was recorded for all volunteers based on their previous experience with prescribed analgesics. For the male volunteers, pain alleviation was obtained with 400 mg of MyrLiq/day for almost all pathologies, whereas, for female volunteers, alleviation of lower back pain and fever-dependent pain was observed with only 200 mg of MyrLiq/day. These results indicate that MyrLiq has significant analgesic properties.
... (e.g., Sphagneticola trilobata), the creeping-oxeyes (Hui et al., 2019). Table 2 summarizes the archeological, biogeographical, chemotaxonomic, and ethnobotanical/traditional use-based relevance of the plant genera reviewed as the most probable artifactual residue source candidates, given the convincing identification of aurantiamides (De 2003;Aja et al., 2010;Balekar et al., 2014;Youssef and Mokhtar 2014;Chen et al., 2016). ...
Analyzing ceramics from ancient cultures, many of which are degraded or damaged from hundreds or thousands of years of weathering, present some unique challenges. Mass spectrometry coupled with separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography, provides a means to analyze residues on artifacts. However, most well-known analytical techniques usually cause at least some amount of destruction of the material during the preparation phase, leading to the loss of valuable spatial information and possibly hampering future analyses. In this study of ancient Andean sherds, we present a test case of using a non-destructive LC-MS technique, termed the droplet-liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (i.e., droplet probe), for studying the chemistry of residues on ceramics. This method combines the benefits of mass spectrometry with the collection of chromatographic data, the combination of which affords a wealth of data. Three naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites, aurantiamide acetate (1), aurantiamide benzoate (2), and aurantiamide (3) were identified on the surface of a vessel and a spoon sherd from the central highlands of Peru. Fragmentation patterns, mass defect filtering and comparison to an in-house standard were used to further confirm the identification of these metabolites. The droplet probe allows for the identification of the chemistry of residues on archeological materials, and in turn, such data allow inferences regarding the potential original or final use of these artifacts.
... It grows well under trees. Recent research carried out indicates its uses such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, antidiabetic activity [3] . ...
Malaria remains one of the major killers of humans worldwide. According to the
World Health Organisation report, there were 212 million new cases of malaria worldwide
in 2015 (range148-304 million)[1]. The main prevention mean of malaria is mosquito bite
prevention, mostly through vector control and repellents, with chemical insecticides. The
most of commercial repellent products contain the chemical N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide
(DEET) [2]. The vector female Anopheles mosquito, has become resistant to many
insecticides. So the environment and health concerns lead the search of novel ecologically sensitive pesticides. The present study determines the larvicidal, adulticidal activity of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski extracts and essential oil against malaria transmitting vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.
... Senyawa tanin, saponin dan flavonoid yang terkandung dalam ekstrak tumbuhan dapat berperan sebagai antibakteri dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai larvisida atau racun untuk mengendalikan larva serangga (Balekar et al., 2014). Sebagaimana hasil penelitian Suantini & Harwiningtias (2014) yang menunjukkan efek larvisida ekstrak daun S. trilobata pada larva nyamuk. ...
Spodoptera litura merupakan serangga polifag yang menyerang banyak komoditas tanaman budidaya. Pengendalian dengan menggunakan insektisida nabati merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetik. Tumbuhan S. trilobata diketahui memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan S. litura. Aktivitas insektisida tidak hanya ditunjukkan oleh tingkat mortalitas dan penghambatan makan, suatu ekstrak tumbuhan dapat pula memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari serangga sasaran sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi insektisida nabati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak kasar daun S. trilobata terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva S. litura. Penelitian terdiri dari tahap pemeliharaan serangga, ekstraksi bagian tumbuhan, dan uji hayati serta analisis fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kasar daun S. trilobata yang diaplikasikan memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva S. litura namun tidak memengaruhi ukuran panjang dan berat pupa yang terbentuk. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak daun S. trilobata mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder diantaranya alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. ABSTRACTSpodoptera litura is a polyphagous insect that attacks many commodities of crops. Control using plant-based insecticides is an effort made to minimize the negative effects of using synthetic insecticides. S. trilobata plant is known to have potential as plant-based insecticides to control S. litura. The effectiveness of an insecticide is not only demonstrated by the level of mortality and feeding inhibition activity, a plant extract can also affect the growth and development of the target insect so that it can be developed into a botanical insecticide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of S. trilobata leaf crude extract application on growth and development of S. litura larva. The study stages consisted of insect rearing, extraction of plant parts, bioassay and phytochemical screening. The results showed that S. trilobata leaf extract which was applied affected the growth and development of S. litura larvae but did not affect the length and weight of the pupae formed. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that S. trilobata leaf extract contained several secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins.
... Traditionally the plant is used in muscle cramp, rheumatism, stubborn wounds, common cold, cough, hepatitis, indigestion, infections, tumor, CNS problem, headache, inflammations and fever (Invasive Species Compendium 2015;Ghosh 2014;Wu and Zhang 2008). For the treatment of varieties of ailments, W. trilobata L. has long been used as traditional medicine in South America, China, Japan and India (Balekar et al. 2014). Lans (1996) and Block et al. (1998) in their studies revealed that W. trilobata has been historically used for amenorrhea as they contain diterpene (kaurenoic acid), eudesmanolide lactones and luteolin in their leaves and stems. ...
Wedelia trilobata (WT) has been used in folk medicine to alleviate several diseases such as cough, cold, flu, fever and inflammation. The study was investigated to evaluate anti-diarrheal and CNS effect of ethanolic extract of W. trilobata in mice. Anti-diarrheal effect was evaluated using castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrhea tests in mice. Gastrointestinal motility was measured using BaSO4. CNS effect was investigated using hole board, hole cross and elevated plus maze tests. Extract was used at dose of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Loperamide (10 mg/kg per oral) and diazepam (4 mg/kg) were used as standard drug. The crude extract exhibited significant anti-diarrheal effect in the total number of feces and episodes of diarrheal feces. Treatment with WT at both the doses, very highly reduced diarrhea significantly (p < 0.001) in castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrheal tests. WT at 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg reduced diarrheal stools by 71.25% (p < 0.001) and 76.25% (p < 0.001) in castor oil induced diarrhea. In the MgSO4 induced diarrhea, the extract reduced diarrhea by 62.79% (p < 0.001) and 65.12% (p < 0.001), respectively. WT at 2000 mg/kg inhibited GI motility very highly significantly (p < 0.001). Standard drug, loperamide (10 mg/kg) had very highly significant (p < 0.001) antidiarrheal effect. In the CNS, the extract resulted significant depressant effect (p < 0.001) in hole board, hole cross and elevated plus maze test. WT extract possessed significant antidiarrheal and CNS depressant properties. Keywords Wedelia trilobata · Antidiarrheal effect · Castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrhea · BaSO4 induced GI motility · CNS depressant effect
... In this study, we investigated antibacterial effects of 13 medicinal plants. We selected to test these plant materials because traditional herbalism has suggested their potent antimicrobial property and/or they have been traditionally employed to treat diseases that associated with bacterial infections [4a-g, 5a-k, 6]. Plant extracts were first tested with 12 bacterial strains including six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative bacteria purchased from Japan Veterinary Products Association (JVPA, Tokyo, Japan), to evaluate their antibacterial effects through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. ...
Objective: Our study evaluated the inhibitory effects of 13 plant materials on bacterial growth, so as to explain their traditional uses in bacterial infections. In addition, the correlation between antibacterial effects of plants and the polyphenol contents or antioxidant activities was also verified to investigate if these properties were responsible for the plant antibacterial effects. Methods: We tested extracts with 20 bacterial strains purchased from Japan Veterinary Products Association (JVPA, Tokyo, Japan) and also the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus suis (S. suis) strains that we had previously isolated from livestock. After polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were measured, we examined their correlations with antibacterial effects. Results: The results showed that all extracts exerted inhibitory effects on tested bacteria and at different levels. Among all of samples, betel and mother rhizome of turmeric showed the strongest effects and also exerted inhibition on antibiotic-resistant E. coli and S. suis bacteria. In addition, direct and significant correlations between antibacterial effects' and polyphenol content's values were established and thus demonstrating that antibacterial effects of plants were attributable, at least in part, to the presence of polyphenol compounds. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the antibacterial effects of 13 plant materials and, therefore, partly gives pharmacological basis to explain their traditional uses in diseases associated with bacterial infections. In addition, as betel and mother rhizome of turmeric showed the highest effects, we suggested that they might serve as the most promissory candidates for bacterial treatment. However, follow-up researches are still required to assess their potentials.
... (244, 246, 250, and 256), were susceptible to the crude hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of S. trilobata (Table 2). properties, including tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids (BALEKAR et al., 2014). SOUZA-MOREIRA et al. (2010) have highlighted the importance of determining the chemical constituents of a plant and identifying the active compounds among them and their possible adverse effects. ...
This study aimed to perform phytochemical analysis and to test the antimicrobial activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata. Classes of secondary metabolites present in the extract were identified through phytochemical screening using analytical thin-layer chromatography. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by testing cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from human skin and those of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dog skin using the broth microdilution method. In the phytochemical screening, classes of anthracenic derivatives and mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes were identified. Colorimetric analysis showed total phenol and total flavonoid contents of 21.7 ± 0.009 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of sample and 0.23 ± 0.005 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of sample, respectively. Microbiological analysis revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. trilobata exhibited antimicrobial activity against cultures of Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, S. marcescens, and E. faecalis isolated from human skin and those of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dog skin. Thus, crude hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of S. trilobata contained flavonoids and terpenoids as secondary metabolites, which contributed to its antimicrobial activity against skin bacteria isolated from different sources.
... It is noxious weed in agricultural land, along road sides, and urban waste places. This plant is anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, larvicidal, anti-diabetic, and anti-turmeric agent [4]. The stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, are used to treat reproductive problems, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhoea cold, fever, snake bites, insect bites etc., [5][6][7]. ...
Traditionally, Genus Sansevieria has been used for the treatment of various ailments in African countries since ancient time. In South Africa and tropical American countries, a crude drug obtained from Sansevieria trifasciata species is sold out in the local market to cure the snakebite and inflammatory conditions. In this study, chemical and pharmacological studies of Sansevieria cylindrica have been carried out. Phytochemical analysis of extracts of Sansevieria cylindrica leaves showed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic acids. Methanol fraction was found to show maximum phenolic content. Ethanol extract and its methanol fraction exhibited significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The ethanol extract inhibited 80.5%, whereas methanol fraction showed 83.6% inhibition of DPPH free radicals at 100 μg/mL concentration respectively. In addition, methanol fraction exhibited 57.9% inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme at 100 μM concentration. Our study confirmed the traditional uses of Sansevieria cylindrica plants for the treatment of various diseases.
... Wedelia trilobata Linn. has long been used as traditional herbal medicine in South America, China, Japan, India and for the treatment of a variety of ailments [3]. Presence of secondary metabolites and phytoconstituents like terpenoids, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, steroids, eudesmanolide lactones, luteolin and kaurenoic acid has been reported in different parts of this plant [4][5][6][7][8][9]. ...
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction solvents such as n-Hexane, Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and aqueous Methanol (Methanol: Water, 50:50 v/v) on phytochemicals of different parts like leaf, stem and flower of Wedelia trilobata using chromatographic studies. The chemical pattern of different extracts was compared using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Variations were observed in terms of number of bands and band intensity which indicate the qualitative and quantitative divergence in chemical constituents. Chloroform extracts of leaf, stem and flower showed highest number of phytochemicals than Hydro-alcohol, Methanol, Petroleum ether and n-Hexane extracts. Due to the higher number of phytochemicals of extract, use of Chloroform for the preparation of herbal formulations can be considered after proper phytochemical characterization, identification of bioactive compounds and quality standard tests and it may lead to the judicious use of raw materials.
... The phytomedicines can be developed as an alternative and are relatively inexpensive than modern drugs (Huang et al, 2006;Neelam et al, 2014). In our current study emphasis is laid on the apoptotic and antileukemic activity of the phytoconstituent where in purification and analytical study of methanolic extract of WT revealed a single peak in HPLC indicating the presence of pure compound with apoptotic and anti-leukemia activities and encouraging for further study on structural analysis. ...
Background
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch (WT), commonly known as yellow dots or creeping daisy, is a shrub possessing potent biological activities, and is traditionally used a medicinal plant in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicines, and it has also been tried against leukemia cell line MEG- 01. In the present study, purification and screening of the plant was done for bioactive compounds in methanolic extract of WT for apoptotic and anti-leukemia activity.
Materials and methods
The methanolic extract of WT was initially purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and screened for the apoptotic and anti-leukemia activities. The positive band of TLC was subjected to silica gel column chromatography for further purification and the fractions obtained from it were screened again for anti-leukemia activity through thymidine uptake assay and apoptotic activity by DNA fragmentation, nuclear staining and flow cytometry assays. The fraction with positive result was subjected to HPLC for analysis of bioactive components.
Results
Out of many combinations of solvents, the methanol and dichloromethane combination in the ratio 6:4 has revealed two bands in TLC, among which the second band showed positive results for apoptotic and anti-leukemic activities. Further purification of second band through silica gel chromatography gave five fractions in which the 3rd fraction gave positive results and it shows single peak during compositional analysis through HPLC.
Conclusion
The single peak revealed through HPLC indicates the presence of pure compound with apoptotic and anti-leukemia activities encouraging for further structural analysis.
... The plant is a member of the family Asteraceae (sunflower family) and can rapidly spread through vegetative propagation [3]. The leaves, stem and flower extracts of this plant are reported to contain therapeutic effects and are used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation and swelling, rheumatism and arthritic painful joints [4][5][6][7]. The leaves of W. trilobata were collected in early morning from the herbarium field of the National Science Centre (PSN), Bukit Kiara, Selangor, Malaysia. ...
Wedelia trilobata is a noxious invasive weed that has been widely cultivated as a decorative and groundcover plant. The plant has been reported to contain diverse bioactive compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities including allelochemicals. Allelochemicals contribute to allelopathy interactions that suppress the growth and development of nearby plants. Several studies have reported the allelopathic potential of W. trilobata and its negative effects to crop plants. However, relatively little is known about the allelochemicals’ composition and how allelochemicals contribute to the allelopathic behavior of this plant. In order to prove allelopathy, the identification of the causative allelochemicals is required. The identification of potential allelochemicals that serve as biomarkers could be useful for assessing allelopathy interactions. In this study, a liquid chromatography (LC) based metabolomics approach was applied to find biomarkers with allelopathic effects from W. trilobata. Ethanol and water were used to extract metabolites from the leaves of W. trilobata and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole high-resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Using multivariate statistical analysis (MVA), we identified eight Rt-m/z pairs as candidate marker compounds for assessing allelopathy interactions of W. trilobata. The results highlight the application of metabolomics for understanding of the role of allelochemicals in allelopathy interactions of W. trilobata.
The literature on the use of medicinal plants in wound healing was comprehensively searched to obtain and assess the data. The data were procured via clinical studies that utilized medicinal plants and their compounds in vitro and in vivo for wound healing. This review collected data from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, Thesis, and Scopus, using the search terms “natural products”, “wound healing”, and “natural compounds”, along with the keywords “plants”, “extracts”, and “phytochemicals”. Results from the last decade reveal a total of 62 families and 109 genera of medicinal plants, and their compounds have been studied experimentally both in vivo and in vitro and clinically found to effectively promote healing. This activity is related to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which act at different stages through different mechanisms to exert anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, confirming that the use of medicinal plants could be an adequate alternative to current conventional practices for treating wounds.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
Background
Wedelia trilobata L. (WT), a common herbal plant in Vietnam, is popularly used as a strong antioxidant in Vietnamese folk medicine. However, limited studies have reported the application of WT flower in cosmeceutical area.
Purpose
This study explored the potentials of WT loaded fibroin microparticles (FMPs-WT) as a novel anti-aging cosmeceutical product.
Methods
The WT flower was firstly extracted by maceration with methanol, ethanol 60%, and ethanol 96%, and its chemical compositions and total polyphenol content were investigated. Then, the FMPs-WT were developed by desolvation method and physicochemically characterized. Finally, the product antioxidant activities were in-vitro determined using DPPH assay.
Results
The optimal WT extract was the ethanol 60% extract, which contains polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and organic acids; with a total polyphenol content of 46.47 ± 2.32 mg GAE/g plant powder. The FMPs-WT were successfully formulated, with a distinct silk-II polymorph; varied sizes of 0.592 to 9.820 µm, depending on the fibroin concentrations and the WT extraction solvent; high entrapment efficiencies of >65%; and sustained-release patterns of polyphenol in pH 7.4 for >6 h. Regarding the antioxidant activity, the pure WT flower extracts possessed high scavenging actions with IC50 of 7.98 ± 0.40 µg/mL, comparable with the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.23 ± 0.21 µg/mL). Moreover, the FMPs-WT could retain the extract antioxidant capacity, and exert the effects in a timely manner, corresponding to its release profile.
Conclusion
The FMPs-WT could be further investigated to become a potential anti-aging cosmeceutical product in the market.
1,3-Dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) is listed by the USEPA as a priority pollutant. 1,3-DNB has two nitro functional groups (-NO2) bound to the benzene ring, with a +III nitrogen oxidation states, and strong electronegativity, and therefore can be reductively degraded by gaining electrons. Weeds that contain a high proportion of polyphenols can supply electrons and act as natural reducing agents. This study investigated the potential of various weeds to reductively remove 1,3-DNB from aqueous phase. The Taguchi L9 Orthogonal experimental design method was used to explore the optimum operational parameters. According to the analyzed characteristics of weeds, including total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, metal chelating capacity, reducing capacity, and environmental adaptability, the weed Sphagneticola trilobata, containing 11.93 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of weed (mg-GAE/g-weed), was selected for 1,3-DNB degradation experiments. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions for the degradation of 1,3-DNB in the aqueous phase using Sphagneticola trilobata were: pH 3, a weed dose of 10 g/L, reaction time of 14 day, and initial 1,3-DNB concentration of 0.5 mM. According to ANOVA analysis, the weed dose was the most significant factor in the experiment, and each 1 mg of 1,3-DNB degraded required 120 mg of dry weeds.
Purpose1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) is a nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), that is a commonly seen persistent contaminant when spilled into soil media. The nitrogen atom of a NACs’ nitro group contains a + III nitrogen oxidation state, which is prone to accepting electrons and is reducible. Sphagneticola trilobata is a wildly distributed weed and contains polyphenols, which may act as a natural electron supplier. This study investigated the potential application of S. trilobata to treat 1,3-DNB contaminated soils.Materials and methodsThe soil slurry experiments were performed to evaluate the proposed processes of mixing weeds and contaminated soil with water under different dosages of weeds and soil/water mass ratios. S. trilobata weeds were collected from the campus of National Chung Hsing University. Characterization of S. trilobata reaction systems was initially conducted. In the weeds/contaminated soils slurry experiments, 30-mL reaction bottles were prepared as follows: 5 g of contaminated soil was mixed with 2, 5, 10, and 15 mL of water, each with a fixed concentration of 10 g-weed L−1, corresponding to 4, 10, 20, and 30 g-weed kg−1-soil. An additional set of reaction bottles was prepared for the soil (g)/water (mL) ratios 5/2, 5/5, 5/10, and 5/15, with a fixed 90 g-weed kg−1-soil.Results and discussionThe total phenolic content of S. trilobata was determined to be 11.832 ± 0.038 mg g−1, as gallic acid. The UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis verified that the weed polyphenols can play a crucial role in degrading 1,3-DNB. Furthermore, in the soil slurry experiments, S. trilobata dosage and water addition volume are two critical factors influencing the degradation efficiency. For low concentrations of 1,3-DNB in soil (14.46 mg kg−1), the weed dosage of 10 g kg−1-soil at a soil/water ratio of 5/5 (g/mL) was able to achieve > 99% removal rate, while for treating a higher concentration of 1,3-DNB (215.65 mg kg−1), a greater weed dosage and water volume were required. 1,3-DNB can be transformed to the less toxic intermediates, 3-nitroaniline (3-NA) and 1,3-phenylenediamine (1,3-PDA).Conclusions
The mechanism of 1,3-DNB degradation by S. trilobata’s polyphenols follows the formation of 3-NA and 1,3-PDA. This study verified the potential chemical reductive reaction with S. trilobata as a reducing reagent for degrading reducible contaminants such as 1,3-DNB, by the in situ field application of mixing S. trilobata weeds with contaminated soils, and providing an appropriate soil water ratio. The results of this study may serve as a reference for remediating NAC contaminated soils.
Spodoptera litura is one of the polyphagous pests that cause damage to many agricultural commodities. Chemical control method was known as a major method use by farmers. Application of plant-based insecticide is an effort to decrease the negative effects of using synthetic insecticides. Sphagneticola trilobata is a weeds species which has potential to use as plant-based insecticides material. This study aims to determine the toxicity of S. trilobata extract in S. litura , as an effort to obtain alternative control materials that are more environmentally friendly. The material used is the leaves and flowers of S. trilobata extracted using water. The treatment concentration consisted of control, 20 ml / l, 40 ml / l, 60 ml / l, and 80 ml / l which were repeated 5 times. The application method used is the residual method on the leaves. Mortality data were analyzed using probit analysis to obtain a Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) value. The results showed that flower extract was more toxic compared to leaf extract with LC50 value of 277.5 ml / l.
(3α)-3-(tiglinoyloxy)-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (WT-26) is an ent-kaurane dieterpenoid extracted from Wedelia trilobata L., a widely cultivated ornamental plant with several scientific reports supporting its anti-inflammatory activity. WT-26 has better anti-inflammatory activity than its analog Kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid). Nevertheless, the participation of WT-26 in the main signaling pathway associated with inflammation is lack of study. We aimed to study the anti-inflammatory effect of WT-26 and related signaling cascade in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Here, we showed that WT-26 suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages by downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mRNA and protein level. WT-26 down-regulated tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β production as well. Moreover, WT-26 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and its upstream signaling. WT-26 also reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mTOR. Besides, WT-26 decreased the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protected the mitochondrial integrity in stimulated macrophages. Our study also demonstrated that the autophagy induced by LPS was attenuated by WT-26. Collectively, our data indicated that WT-26 has the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory-related diseases.
The objective of this work was to macro and microscopically evaluate the healing activity of Sphagneticola trilobata in rat-induced skin wounds by applying cream containing crude hydroalcoholic extract from plant leaves. The phytochemical analysis showed terpenes and flavonoids as major compounds. Sixty rats were divided into three experimental groups (n=20): treated group (GT), control group (CG) and absolute control group (GCA). Four 0.8cm diameter excision wounds were performed on the back of the animals, treated daily and evaluated at the three, seven, 14 and 21 postoperative days (PO) for contraction, macroscopic, morphologic and morphologic evaluation. The TG presented smaller scar area at 21 postoperative days (P<0.05). In the morphological and morphometric evaluation, the WG presented lower inflammation, greater and better filling of granulation tissue by collagen fibers and better wound vascularization. There was no difference between GC and GCA. It was concluded that the cream based on the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Sphagneticola trilobata leaves contribute positively to the healing process of the skin wounds of rats.
Understanding metabolic variations of plant essential oils (EOs) in response to different growth conditions is of great importance for bioprospecting and standardizing purposes. In this study, combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics and bioassay experiments were carried out to identify chemical differences in W. trilobata EO grown in field and those grown in controlled conditions. Subsequently, the chemical profiles were correlated with their ability to inhibit germination, shoot and root growths of weedy rice and lettuce. Results showed that EO grown in controlled condition was abundant in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons whereas field-grown EO accumulated large amounts of monoterpenes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated the chemical composition of isolated EOs varied considerably. PLS regression revealed that seed germinations of weedy rice and lettuce were susceptible to W. trilobata EO grown in controlled condition and nonanal may contributed to the phytotoxic activity of the EO. The field-grown EO exhibited strong inhibitory activity against shoot and root growths of weedy rice and lettuce, while α-phellandrene, terpinen-4-ol, trans-pinocarveol and pinocarvone might be responsible for the inhibitory activity. The findings highlight the combination of metabolomics and bioassays to provide a metabolic understanding and bioprospecting potential of W. trilobata EO as bio-herbicides.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Plants are the source of medication for preventive, curative, protective or promotive purposes. Medicinal plants are an important source for generating of novel phytomedicine. They provide profound therapeutic benefits, more affordable treatments, effectiveness, less side effects and relatively low cost or less expensive and globally competitive. Using plant derived medicine is also relatively safe compared to synthetic medicines. Many plants have proved to successfully aid in the treatment of ailments including Sphagneticola triolobata (L.) Pruski.
AIM OF STUDY
This study was therefore, designed to investigate acute and subacute toxicities, antidiabetic activity and also antioxidant activity of flower extract from S. triolobata (L.) Pruski.
METHODS
This research investigates the toxicity and antidiabetic activity of Sphagnelicola trilobata (L.) Pruski flower ethanolic extract in rats. Acute toxicity was determined by a single oral administration of S. trilobata extract of 1500, 2000, and 2500 mg/kg body weight; and subacute toxicity by oral administration every two days for 14 days. Signs of toxicity and mortality were observed during 24 hours and for 14 days. Hematological values and blood chemistry were also characterized. The antidiabetic activity was examined by orally administering S. trilobata extract of 250 mg/kg body weight to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats on a daily basis for eight weeks; and the body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, and lipid profiles were determined. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The results demonstrated a median lethal dose (LD50) greater than 2500 mg/kg since there was no sign of toxicity and mortality in acute and subacute toxicity testing. The high LD50 indicated that S. trilobata flower ethanolic extract is safe for treatment of diabetes. There was no significant change in the body weight, hematological values, and blood chemistry of treated rats, compared with the control group. The diabetes-induced rats showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and triglyceride (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of S. trilobata extract was lower than that of standard ascorbic acid.
Asteraceae species were widely applied in traditional medicines in Asian countries as sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate DPPH-scavenging capacities and antimicrobial activities of nine Asteraceae species collected from Southern Vietnam. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined by standard protocols. Essential oils from Ageratum conyzoides, Helianthus annuus, and Artemisia vulgaris indicated significant inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. Crude extracts and fractions from Taraxacum officinale, Chrysanthemum morifolium, A. conyzoides, and Tagetes erecta showed inhibitory ability on at least one testing bacterial strains including S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a study on clinical isolates, ethyl acetate fraction from A. conyzoides flower displayed the most potent effect on uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae with MIC at 1.25–10 mg/ml and 5–12.5 mg/ml, respectively. DPPH-scavenging assay indicated that T. erecta extract had the lowest IC50 (17.280 μg/ml) and is 2.4 times higher than vitamin C (7.321 μg/ml). This study revealed that A. conyzoides has good potential against uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and therefore could be applied for prophylactic treatment of urinary infection.
The aim of this research was designed, to determine the acute toxicity of 80% ethanolic leaf extract from S. trilobata (STLE) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups; group I: controls, group II-IV: rats received STLE 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg respectively. A single oral administration of STLE to the rats revealed that all the doses of STLE did not produce any signs or symptoms of toxicity. And also, the mortal rat was not observed during a period of an observation within 24 h and the further period lasting 14 days. Furthermore, STLE did not affect the body weight, relative organ weight (liver, pancreas, kidney and heart), hematological values including hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocytes, monocyte and platelet, and blood biochemistry including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Moreover, STLE did not alter blood cell characteristics and ultrastructure of red blood cells. These findings indicate that the leaf extract from S. trilobata has no acute toxicity with LD50 higher than 2000 mg/kg. It is therefore, safe and can be used as traditional medicine or complementary diet without any effect on hepatic and renal function.
Male albino rats with diabetes induced by the administration of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.v.) were treated with oral administration of Sphagneticola trilobata (S. tri). S.tri reduced blood glucose levels and improved weight gained which was accompanied by a marked restoration of decreased vitamin C and reduced glutathione in liver and kidney tissues) of STZ-treated rats. In vitro data revealed that S.tri caused an inhibition of lipid peroxidation under Fe2+ or sodium nitroprusside assaults. Conversely, S. tri also caused a reduction in the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) observed in the liver, kidney, and testes as well as high serum triglyceride, ALT and AST of diabetic rats. Finally, the inhibition of catalase, delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase accompanied by hyperglycemia were relieved by S. tri in all tissues examined. Hence, the empirical use of S. tri in folkloric medicine may have some scientific justification.
The investigation of three South American Wedelia species affords besides known acetylenes several new kaurenic acid derivatives, which have been isolated as their methyl esters. Their structures are elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Chemotaxonomic aspects are discussed.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(1): 59-60, 2007 (June) The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassak., is a herb commonly found throughout India. This plant is known to have various pharmacological activities and is traditionally used in treatment of epilepsy but it lacks adequate scientific proof of this activity and constituents responsible for it. The present paper describes the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of E.alba leaves for antiepileptic activity. Different methods of extraction showed that Soxhlet method gave the best yield of 14.88 % with fresh dried leaves. The HPTLC method showed presence of Wedelolactone, Luteolin and β-amyrin. The residual solvent analysis method showed that the extract is free of residual methanol and hence safe for further pharmacological evaluation on experimental animals. The extract showed significant decrease in locomotor activity at the dose of 50mg/kg and dose dependent protection from seizures in MES model. The study confirmed that E.alba has good antiepileptic potential possibly due to presence of constituents like Wedelolactone, Luteolin and β-amyrin.
Anatomical and histochemical investigations of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Asteraceae, secretory structures in leaves and stems and the seasonal variation of essential oils were carried out. Histochemical techniques enabled the specifi c location of the essential oil accumulation in the internal (canals) and external structures (trichomes). Histochemical analysis showed that the secretory trichomes produced steroids. The highest yield was obtained from plants collected in winter, when it was registered low temperature and precipitation. The essential oil was characterized by high percentage of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbon monoterpenes and low levels of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major components were germacrene D (11.9-35.8%), α-phellandrene (1.4-28.5%), α-pinene (7.3-23.8%), E-caryophyllene (4.6-19.0%), bicyclogermacrene (6.0-17.0%), limonene (1.8-15.1%) and α-humulene (4.0-11.6%). The percentage of most of the individual constituents present in S. trilobata essential oil changed signifi cantly during the months.
Traditional healers in Nigeria employ a range of plant preparations as wound healing agents. Despite the use of local plants in wound healing, there is only scant literature on the wound healing properties of these plants to support the continued therapeutic application of these herbal remedies.
To document plants commonly used to treat wounds in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of such claims using relevant in vitro tests.
Structured questionnaires were used to determine which plant preparations are in common use, via interviews with Yoruba traditional healers. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the nine most common plants cited by the healers were collected, identified and tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and fibroblast proliferation determined by neutral red assay.
A total of 20 traditional healers from South-western Nigeria were involved in the study. Thirty-six plant species were recorded with their local names and parts used in the traditional wound healing preparations. Ethanolic extracts of nine species most frequently cited by the healers exhibited strong antioxidant activities (3.8-31.3 μg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (7.3 μg/ml). Crude extracts of the selected plants also inhibited the growth of bacteria with MIC values 0.3-7.6 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (1-30 μg/ml) and Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (15-30 μg/ml) influenced the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts significantly (p<0.05). Extracts from the remaining seven plants either had no effect on fibroblast proliferation or were cytotoxic.
Traditional use of many wound-healing plants from Nigeria can be rationalised by activity determined in relevant in vitro investigations of ethanol and aqueous extracts. These results support the traditional selection of these plants in South-western Nigeria for wound healing.
Indian traditional medicines based on various systems including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. The evaluation of these drugs is primarily based on phytochemical, pharmacological properties. plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. In traditional system of medicine various plant parts such as stem bark, root bark aerial roots, vegetative buds, leaves, fruits and latex are used in dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, dropsy, jaundice, diarrhoea, dysentery, intermittent fevers, diseases of urino-genital system, scabies, ulcers, wounds, cold, nervous disorders and as tonic. Medicinal plants are popular in indigenous system of medicine like ayurveda, siddha, unani and homoeopathy and is used for its hepatoprotective, antitumour, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a comparative study on its properties of five medicinally important plants.
Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber (Asteraceae) has been extensively employed as a diuretic in traditional folk medicine and in modern phytotherapy in Europe, Asia, and the Americas without prior clinical trial substantiation.
In this pilot study, a high-quality fresh leaf hydroethanolic extract of the medicinal plant T. officinale (dandelion) was ingested by volunteers to investigate whether an increased urinary frequency and volume would result.
Volume of urinary output and fluid intake were recorded by subjects. Baseline values for urinary frequency and excretion ratio (urination volume:fluid intake) were established 2 days prior to dandelion dosing (8 mL TID) and monitored throughout a 1-day dosing period and 24 hours postdosing.
For the entire population (n = 17) there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the frequency of urination in the 5-hour period after the first dose. There was also a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the excretion ratio in the 5-hour period after the second dose of extract. The third dose failed to change any of the measured parameters.
Based on these first human data, T. officinale ethanolic extract shows promise as a diuretic in humans. Further studies are needed to establish the value of this herb for induction of diuresis in human subjects.
The diterpenes ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent-kaur-9(11),16(17)-dien-19-oic acid and 3 alpha-angeloiloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid were identified as trypanosomicidal compounds of the ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Wedelia paludosa D.C. (Asteraceae), showing activity up to the lowest dose of 0.68 mg/mL in the in vitro assay against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). The other isolates, friedelan-3 beta-ol, ent-kaur-16 alpha-ol-19-oic acid, beta-amyrin acetate and (22-E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol, were inactive. This is the first report on the trypanosomicidal activity of ent-kaur-9(11),16(17)-dien-19-oic acid and 3 alpha-angeloiloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acids; this effect was already known for ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid.
Throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. Caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by European folk medicine, either through the early Spanish and French settlers or through the continuous immigration of Spanish-speaking peoples from Venezuela. Some folk uses are ancient and were documented by Galen and Pliny the Elder.
Thirty respondents, ten of whom were male were interviewed from September 1996 to September 2000. The respondents were obtained by snowball sampling, and were found in thirteen different sites, 12 in Trinidad (Paramin, Talparo, Sangre Grande, Mayaro, Carapichaima, Kernahan, Newlands, Todd's Road, Arima, Guayaguayare, Santa Cruz, Port of Spain and Siparia) and one in Tobago (Mason Hall). Snowball sampling was used because there was no other means of identifying respondents and to cover the entire islands. The validation of the remedies was conducted with a non-experimental method.
Plants are used for specific problems of both genders. Clusea rosea, Urena sinuata and Catharanthus roseus are used for unspecified male problems. Richeria grandis and Parinari campestris are used for erectile dysfunction. Ageratum conyzoides, Scoparia dulcis, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Gomphrena globosa and Justicia pectoralis are used for prostate problems. The following plants are used for childbirth and infertility: Mimosa pudica, Ruta graveolens, Abelmoschus moschatus, Chamaesyce hirta, Cola nitida, Ambrosia cumanenesis, Pilea microphylla, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Coleus aromaticus, Laportea aestuans and Vetiveria zizanioides. The following plants are used for menstrual pain and unspecified female complaints: Achyranthes indica, Artemisia absinthium, Brownea latifolia, Eleutherine bulbosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Eupatorium macrophyllum, Justicia secunda, Parthenium hysterophorus, Wedelia trilobata, Abelmoschus moschatus, Capraria biflora, Cordia curassavica, Croton gossypifolius, Entada polystachya, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata and Ambrosia cumanenesis.
Native Caribbean plants have been less studied that those from Africa, India and Europe. Chamaesyce hirta has scientific support but as a diuretic. Other plants with level 3 validity for reproductive issues are: Achyranthes indica, Coleus aromaticus, Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Ruta graveolens. The non-experimental validation method can be used to advise the public on which plants are safe, effective and useful, and which are not; pending clinical trials. This is especially important since so few clinical trials are conducted on Caribbean plants.
Comparative study on analgesic activity was carried using ethanol extracts in animal models. Wedelia trilobata (EEWT), Wedelia biflora ( EEWB) and Eclipta alba (EEEA ) was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate assay to assess analgesic activity in mice. It was found that tho extract caused an inhibition on the writhing response induced by acetic acid in a dose dependent manner. Dose of 500 mg/kg EEWT, EEWB, EEEA and Aspirin could block the writhing response by 49.17 %, 49.45, %, 55.23 % and 68.68 %(p<0.001) respectively. It was also indicated that the EEEA showed significant antinociceptive action in hot plate reaction time method in mice. This effect was comparable to that of standard drug morphine treated controls. The results reflects that analgesic effects and therapeutic efficacy of the extract on animal models which are comparable with those of standard drugs such as Aspirin and Morphine.
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Wedelia trilobata. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated by chromatography and their structures were determined by physicochemical constants and spectral analyses. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as grandiflorenic acid (1), 1α-acetoxy-6α, 9β-dihydroxy-4, 10α-dimethyl- 5αH, 7αH, 8αH-endesm-3-en-8, 12-olide (2), 1β-acetoxy-4α-hydroxy-6β-isobutyryloxy-9α- isovaleryloxyprostatolide (3), 16α-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4), (3R, 4R, 6R)-3, 4-dihydroxy-1-menthene (5), trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate (6), 1β-acetoxy-4α, 9α-dihydroxy-6β-isobutyroxyprostatolide (7), 16β, 17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (8), daucosterol (9), protocatechualdehyde (10), and caffeic acid (11). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from W. trilobata for the first time except compounds 6 and 7. Compounds 2 and 3 are new sesquiterpene lactones, named as trilobolide A and 1β-acetoxy-4α-hydroxy-6β-isobutyryloxy-9α- isovaleryloxyprostatolide, respectively.
Five cis- and trans-eudesmanolide sesquiterpenes were isolated from Wedelia prostrata (Compositae) collected in Egypt and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The conformation of the trans- endesmanolides are discussed on the basis of their coupling constants in the 1H-NMR spectra.
Cited By (since 1996):1, Export Date: 18 October 2014
Two new ent-kaurane diterpenes, wedelidins A (8) and B (9), together with eighteen other constituents, including the sesquiterpenoids 1 and 2, ent-kaurane diterpenes 3–7, triterpenoids 10 and 11, steroids 12–14, and flavonoids 15–17 as well as benzene derivatives 18–20, were isolated from the aerial parts of Wedelia trilobata. The structures of wedelidins A (8) and B (9) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (including UV, IR, NMR, and MS). Furthermore, the structures of compounds 2 and 3 were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses.
Excision, incision and dead space wound models were used to evaluate the wound
healing activity of Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. on Wistar rats of either sex. In excision
wound model, treatment was continued till the complete healing of the wound whereas in incision
and dead space wound models the treatment was continued for 10 days. For topical application,
5% w/w ointment of aqueous and methanol barks extracts were prepared in 2% sodium alginate
and for oral administration suspensions containing 30 mg/ml of each of the extracts in 1% gum
tragacanth were prepared. In excision and incision wound models, the control group of animals
was left untreated and in dead space wound models the animals were treated with 1 ml of 1% gum
tragacanth/kg b.w. The healing of the wound was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period
of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight,
hydroxyproline estimation and histopathology of the granulation tissue. Aqueous and methanol
barks extracts promoted the wound healing activity significantly in all the wound models studied.
High rate of wound contraction, decrease in the period for epithelialisation, high skin breaking
strength and granulation strength, increase in dry granulation tissue weight, elevated hydroxyproline
content and increased collagenation in histopathological section were also observed when compared
to the control group of animals. Methanol extract possesses better wound healing property than the
aqueous extract.
The reinvestigation of the aerial parts of Wedelia trilobata afforded, in addition to known compounds, six new eudesmanolides, two ent-kaurenic acid derivatives as well as a degraded one. A corresponding hydroxy compound was present in Gnaphalium undulatum. From Aspilia parvifolia new ent-kaurenic acid epoxides were isolated. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The chemotaxonomic situation is discussed briefly.
This article presents the results of an investigation concerning the use of medicinal plants by the people of Nicaragua’s
Atlantic Coast. Participant observation during parts of the years 1986–1991 was complemented by a five-community, 809-household
survey in 1990 and a ten-community botanical collection in 1991. This research is the first to attempt to document the diversity
and prevalence of medicinal plant use for this region. The appendix lists 152 plants, along with common names, number and
ethnicity of informants, and medicinal uses.
Este articulo presenta los resultados de una encuesta sobre plantas medicinales utilizadas por las personas de la Costa Atlantica
de Nicaragua. Observation participativa realizo durante parte de los afios 1986 al 1991 fue com-plementada en 1990 con una
encuesta a 809 hogares cubriendo cinco comunidades. Ademas, en 1991 se realizo una recoleccion botanica en diez comunidades
de la region. Esta investigation es el primer esfuerzo por documentar la diversidad y prevalencia del uso de plantas medicinales
en esta region. El anexo proporciona una lista de 152 plantas con sus nombres comunes, su uso medico, y el numero y etnicidad
de los informantes.
Kaurenoic acid [ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1)] is a diterpene present in several plants including Sphagneticola trilobata. The only documented evidence for its antinociceptive effect is that it inhibits the writhing response induced by acetic acid in mice. Therefore, the analgesic effect of 1 in different models of pain and its mechanisms in mice were investigated further. Intraperitoneal and oral treatment with 1 dose-dependently inhibited inflammatory nociception induced by acetic acid. Oral treatment with 1 also inhibited overt nociception-like behavior induced by phenyl-p-benzoquinone, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and both phases of the formalin test. Compound 1 also inhibited acute carrageenin- and PGE(2)-induced and chronic CFA-induced inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia. Mechanistically, 1 inhibited the production of the hyperalgesic cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of 1 was inhibited by l-NAME, ODQ, KT5823, and glybenclamide treatment, demonstrating that such activity also depends on activation of the NO-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway, respectively. These results demonstrate that 1 exhibits an analgesic effect in a consistent manner and that its mechanisms involve the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc (Asteraceae) leaves are used in the treatment of wounds by traditional healers. Despite the use of this plant in wound healing, there is a scarcity of scientific data to support its therapeutic application.
To investigate the wound healing potential of Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves commonly employed by traditional healers and to clarify its traditional use in a scientific investigation.
An ethanolic extract of Wedelia trilobata leaves was subjected to column chromatography. Hexane, ethyl acetate (WEA) and chloroform:methanol (50:50) (WCM) fractions were obtained. The fractions were tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH assay. The fibroblast proliferation, oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide, an in vitro scratch assay, and increasing collagen content was determined using fibroblast L929. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
WEA (3 μg/mL) promoted fibroblast L929 survivability up to more than 90% before and more than 85% after hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. WEA (3 μg/mL) induced a 70% migration rate in the in vitro scratch assay and the collagen content was increased to 261 μg/mL compared to the control (57.5 μg/mL). WCM exhibited a scavenging activity for DPPH with an IC(50) value of 179.5 μg/mL comparable to BHT (139.3 μg/mL). WEA was active against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC values of 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively.
These scientific findings of wound healing activity supports the traditional claims for Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves. The WEA displayed antibacterial and fibroblast stimulatory activities while WCM exhibited antioxidant to indicate its potential wound healing properties. However further studies to isolate the antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast stimulatory compounds that contribute to the wound healing properties of this plant are needed.
Wedelolactone is isolated from the dried leaves of Eclipta alba (L.) and reported to be effective as a potential hepatoprotective, antibacterial and anti hemorrhagic. Pharmacokinetic studies of wedelolactone reveal its poor absorption through the intestine. The objective of the present study is to enhance bioavailability of wedelolactone by its complexation with phosphatidyl choline and then formulating it as phyto-vesicles for hepatoprotective activity. The complex of wedelolactone rich fraction was prepared with phosphatidyl choline and characterized on the basis of solubility, melting point, thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The complex was further converted into phyto-vesicles and characterized. The hepatoprotective potential of phyto-vesicles was compared with complex, wedelolactone rich fraction and physical mixture of wedelolactone rich fraction and phosphatidyl choline by in vitro method. The results revealed that hepatoprotective activity is better in case of phyto-vesicles as compared to the complex, physical mixture and the wedelolactone itself. Enhanced bioavailability of the wedelolactone complex may be due to the amphiphillic nature of the complex, which greatly enhance the water and lipid solubility of the compound. The present study clearly indicates the superiority of phyto-vesicles over the complex and wedelolactone, in terms of better absorption and improved hepatoprotective activity.
As part of a larger study of the plants used by the Garífuna of eastern Nicaragua, the 229 species representing 177 genera and 72 families used for medicinal purposes were assayed for the presence of bioactive compounds. A review of the literature for alkaloids and glycosides showed that 113 species contained at least one of these bioactive compounds. The remaining 116 species not previously cited were tested for alkaloids with Dragendorff's reagent; 51 contained alkaloids. The combined results show that 72% of the species the Garífuna use medicinally have at least one alkaloid or glycoside. Tests to explore pharmacological activity of compounds from selected species represent the next step to determining efficacy and application of these medicinals.
The present work describes the antinociceptive effects of some fractions and two pure compounds obtained from the Wedelia paludosa, a Brazilian medicinal plant employed in folk medicine against a variety of diseases, including dolorous pathologies. It was found that such fractions as well as kaurenoic acid and luteolin exhibit marked antinociceptive action in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing. They were more active than some well-known analgesic drugs, such as acetyl salicylic acid, acetaminophen, dipyrone and indomethacin. The results confirm our previous studies conducted with this plant, suggesting that different chemical constituents are responsible for the antinociceptive activity shown by the extracts and fractions prepared from W. paludosa.
A biological screening of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi of crude extracts from Wedelia trilobata is reported. The n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria); along with Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella group C, Salmonella paratyphi, and Shigella sonnei (Gram-negative bacteria). The ethyl acetate extract was active only against Salmonella group C; and the aqueous extract was inactive against the tested bacteria. None of the tested extracts showed biological activity against the yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula rubra) or the fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp., Trichophyton rubrum).
A simple, sensitive, and specific gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed to determine the main bioactive sesquiterpene lactones, trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrates A and B (TBO-A and TBO-B), in Wedelia trilobata, a useful folk herb. A commercially available HP-5 capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 microm) was utilized for the direct determination of TBO-A and TBO-B in W. trilobata. Calibration curves were obtained by spiking authentic compounds and the internal standard (ferulic acid) into W. trilobata samples before extraction. Extraction was carried out by refluxing the dried herb (0.5 g) for 1 h in methanol (25 mL). All calibration curves showed good linear regressions (r2 > 0.992) within test ranges. The assay was reproducible and accurate with the overall intraday and interday relative standard deviations and accuracies of less than 10% and more than 90%, respectively. The developed GC method was successfully utilized to analyze the TBO-A and TBO-B in aerial parts and flowers of W. trilobata, indicating that it was suitable for the quality control of this commonly used herb and related traditional Chinese medicines.
Leishmaniasis is a global public health problem without adequate treatment options, hence requiring research on new drug development.
Our main objective was the evaluation of a kaurenic acid (ent-kaur-16-in-19-oico), isolated from the Venezuelan plant Wedelia trilobata (Asteracea), on Leishmania (V) braziliensis both in vivo and in vitro.
The in vitro assay was performed using axenic amastigotes and promastigotes as well as infected and uninfected macrophages. Parasites and macrophages were treated with concentrations of the compound varying between 10 and 250 microg/ml. The effect of the compound on cellular viability was evaluated by counting dead and living cells in a hemocytometer and by the colorimetric method using MTT (Methylthiazoletetrazolium). For the in vivo assay, Balb/c mice were infected subcutaneously with 1 x 10(6) promastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis and afterwards treated with a daily dose of 30 mg/kg in 100 microl of kaurenic acid administered by intraperitoneal injection for one week.
The compound had a lethal effect on axenic amastigotes and promastigotes with DL50 of 0.25 and 0.78 microg/ml, respectively, in 24 hours. Low toxicity was observed for J774-G8 macrophages with a DL50 of 25 microg/ml and high viability (70-92%), while a moderate viability was observed for infected macrophages (37-81%), with concentrations of 25 microg/ml or less. Additionally, a 70% reduction was observed in the size of the skin lesions in Balb/c mice with no evident toxic effect.
The results indicate that this compound has a potent leishmanicidal effect on L. (V.) braziliensis.
Two new sesquiterpene lactones, wedelolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation from the leaves of Wedelia trilobata, together with known trilobolides 6-O-isobutyrate (3) and 6-O-methacrylate (4). The compounds 1 and 2 were the first examples of an unprecedented framework: a novel sesquiterpene delta-lactone, (9R)-eudesman-9,12-olide. The structures of the antimalarial wedelolides A (1) and B (2) were determined on the basis of MS and 2D NMR spectral analysis. The absolute configuration of eight carbon stereocenters of compounds 1 and 2 was determined to be 1S,4S,5S,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S by mean of auxiliary chiral MTPA derivatives.