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A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)
Abstract
A revision of the genus Aleochara of America north of Mexico is presented. Seven subgenera are redefined with 47 currently recognized species, of which nine are described as new ( A . arizonica , A . cavernicola , A . curtidens , A . lobata , A . ocularis , A . nidicola , A . rufobmnnea , A . rufonigra , A . unicolor ). The species are arranged according to their relationships into species groups within each subgenus. Sixty-one synonymies are newly established (the first specific name is valid): Subg. COPROCHARA, A . bimaculata Gravenhorst = B . deserticola Casey = B . innocua Casey = B . obsolescens Casey = B . recta Casey; A . notula Erichson = A . duplicata Erichson = B . nanella Casey = B . nitidicollis Casey; A . suffusa (Casey) = B . acuminata Casey = A . verna brundini Bernhauer; A . verna Say = A . alticola Sharp. Subg. XENOCHARA , A . lacertina Sharp = B . salicola Casey = B . imbricata Casey = B . idonea Casey = A . densiventris Bernhauer; A . sallaei Sharp = A . torquata Sharp; A . puberula Klug = B . bipartita Casey; A . fumata Gravenhorst = A . languida Sachse = B . defecta Casey = B . affluens Casey; A . castaneipennis Mannerheim = A . glenorana Casey = B . rotundicollis Casey = B . mannerheimi Casey = B . acomana Casey = B . insulana Casey = B . concurrens Casey = B . eludens Casey = A . oregona Hatch; A . quadrata Sharp = B . uvidula Casey = A . sparsicollis Bernhauer. Subg. CALOCHARA , A . rubripennis Casey = A . rubripes Blatchley = A . wallawallae Hatch. Subg. ALEOCHARA , A . centralis Sharp = A . stygialis Sharp; A . gracilicornis Bernhauer = A . kansana Casey = A . pleuralis Casey = A . americana Casey = A . ellipsicollis Casey; A . lustrica Say = A . pauper Sharp = A . serrata Sharp = A . texana Casey = A . fusicornis Casey = A . sternalis Casey = A . algonquina Casey = A . medialis Casey; A . tahoensis Casey = A . postpicta Casey = A . montanica Casey; A . thoracica Casey = A . collusor Casey. Subg. ECHOCHARA , A . lucifuga (Casey) = A . cavicola (Garman). Subg. EMPLENOTA , A . littoralis (Mäklin) = A . maritima (Casey) = P . arenaria Casey = E . quadrifer Casey = E . trilimbata Casey = E . longiceps Casey. Subg. MASEOCHARA , A . valida LeConte = M . ponderosa Casey = M . robusta Sharp = M . ruficauda Casey; A . opacella (Sharp) = M . hogei Sharp = M . decipiens Casey; A . depressa (Sharp) = M . puberula Casey = M . basalis Casey = M . musta Casey.Ninety-three lectotypes and three neotypes are designated (neotypes are designated for: C . caviola Garman, A . lustrica Say, and A . verna Say).Keys to subgenera and species are provided. All species are described, each illustrated with line drawings and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs, and all available bionomic and distributional data are given. Emphasis was put on host records of those Aleochara species which may be used in biological control of some pest species of Diptera. The systematics and phylogeny of the subgenera and zoogeography of species are discussed.A checklist of Nearctic Aleochara and a table listing the known host records for some species is added.
... The species of the subgenus Xenochara are easily distinguished from other subgenera by having uniformly pubescent pronotum and fully carinated mesoventrite (Klimaszewski 1984). In Latin America, Caron et al. (2008) registered 30 species, but Buss et al. (2018) added additional species, totaling 31 species in the region. ...
... Posterolateral margin of elytra slightly to deeply emarginate ( Fig. 29 and 30 Antennomere 4 slightly longer than wide (Fig. 15) Abdominal segments VII to X rust brown, lighter than the rest of the abdomen (Fig. 7 Klug, 1833). Type locality "Arabian desert" (Klimaszewski 1984 Klug, 1833). Type locality "Promont. ...
... bon. Spei" (Klimaszewski 1984). Aleochara decorata Aubé, 1850: 311 (original description). ...
Aleochara species occur in fly-infested habitats. The larvae feed on the pupae of cyclorraphous Diptera. In Brazil, four subgenera and approximately 30 species have been found. This study provides a taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of the subgenus Xenochara. Eight species are recognized: A. (X.) puberula Klug, 1833, A. (X.) verberans Erichson, 1839, A. (X.) simulatrix Sharp, 1883, A. (X.) taeniata Erichson, 1839, A. (X.) capitinigra sp. nov., A. (X.) repetita Sharp, 1887, A. (X.) lapidicola (Sahlberg, 1844) and A. (X.) leivasorum sp. nov. One species is revalidated: A. (X.) lapicola, a former junior synonym of A. (X.) taeniata. Two synonyms are proposed: A. opacula Bernhauer, 1901 as a junior synonym of A. (X.) repetita, and A. festiva Pace, 1990 as a junior synonym of A. (X.) lapidicola. Finally, a species key and a checklist with all synonyms are provided for the Brazilian species of Aleochara (Xenochara).
... While working on the marine littoral Aleochara Gravenhorst subgenus Emplenota Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), we found that Aleo chara (Emplenota) maritima Casey, placed as a synonym of Aleochara (Emplenota) litoralis (Mӓklin) by Klimaszewski (1984), did not correspond to A. (E.) litoralis in many characters. Song and Ahn (2018) also suspected that these might be separate species based on their phylogenies. ...
... Les Aléocharinés associés à la bouse appartiennent aux genres Aleochara, Autalia et Falagria (tableau 5). Des clés des espèces sont présentées pour les genres Aleochara dans Klimaszewski (1984), Autalia dans Hoebeke (1988) et Falagria dans Hoebeke (1985). ...
Constitué de deux parties, le présent guide propose une introduction aux insectes présents dans les bouses laissées par les bovins dans les pâturages du Canada. La partie I se concentre sur les aspects généraux de la diversité et de l’écologie des insectes. La partie II vise à aider les lecteurs à identifier les insectes. On y présente de l’information sur la biologie et la morphologie de différents groupes d’insectes, illustrée par des photographies en couleur. Bien que les espèces mentionnées dans ce guide soient présentes au Canada, la plupart se rencontrent également aux États Unis. Des renvois à des clés taxonomiques sont fournis à l’intention des lecteurs qui souhaiteraient procéder à une identification détaillée. Ce guide se termine par une liste exhaustive de références qui s’adresse aux lecteurs désireux d’approfondir certains sujets et de découvrir des sources d’information qui pourraient passer inaperçues.
... Aleocharines associated with cattle dung include species of Aleochara, Autalia and Falagria (Table 5). Species-level keys are provided for Aleochara by Klimaszewski (1984), for Autalia by Hoebeke (1988) and for Falagria by Hoebeke (1985). ...
Written in two parts, this guide introduces the reader to the insects in cattle dung on pastures across Canada. Part I focuses on general aspects of insect diversity and ecology. Part II is intended to help the reader identify insects. It provides information on the biology and morphology of different insect groups and is supplemented with colour photographs. Although the species mentioned in this guide are specific for Canada, most of them also occur in the United States. References are provided to taxonomic keys to aid in species identification. The guide concludes with an extensive list of references that allows the reader to explore topics in more depth and discover sources of information that might otherwise be overlooked.
... The dissected parts were placed into microvials with glycerin and pinned with the specimen. The presentation of labels follows Caron et al. (2019), basic terminology follows Klimaszewski (1984), and the diagnosis follows the glossary of ICZN (1999). Sharp (1876: 70), deposited in BMNH, with the following labels: Diagnosis. ...
Aleochara verecunda Sharp, 1876 was considered a species inquirenda in the latest revision of the Brazilian Aleochara
(Aleochara) Gravenhorst, 1802 (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). However, recently collected specimens identified as
A. verecunda are here reported from Acre and Pará, two states in the Brazilian Amazon region. The species is easily distinguished
from the other Brazilian A. (Aleochara) species by the two first antennomeres (scape and pedicel), which are much
lighter in color than the others.
... Members of this genus are potential biocontrol agents against hygienic pests such as flies. Adults and larvae of the Aleochara species are ectoparasitoids of cyclorrhaphous Diptera, laying eggs near the fly larvae so that their offspring can trace the pupae (Klimaszewski 1984). In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula (Goeze, 1777), a rove beetle species reported from regional outbreaks in the Republic of Korea and known to attack vacationers in the region when agitated (Lee 2019). ...
The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is reported. This mitogenome (GenBank accession no. OL675411) is 16,600 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA). Most PCGs use typical mitochondrial stop codon (TAR) except for cox3, which uses a single T residue. The A, G, T, and C nucleotide base composition of the mitogenome is 40.61%, 7.66%, 40.34%, and 11.39%, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyly of Aleocharinae.
... One individual found under the partly dried intestines and feathers of a predated duck near a small pond. References: Arnett & Thomas, 2001;Klimaszewski, 1984 Eleodes nigrina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Ecology: Although the available literature for Eleodes beetles is sparse for details about the particular life history of each species, available information suggests that adults of E. nigrina are common, rather generalist omnivores with an herbivorous predilection in the grassland and shrub-steppe communities they inhabit, typically feeding on the vegetation of broadleaved species that are locally common, such as Artemisia tridentata, Krascheninnikovia lanata, and Descurainia pinnata (Rogers et al., 1988). Grasses make up a minor part of their diet, as do body parts of (already dead?) invertebrates. ...
Insects play an incredible variety of essential roles in all ecosystems; insect diversity is intimately linked with the diversity of other organisms, including plants and birds. In this fully illustrated report I present a guide to 277 insect species (212 identified to species plus an additional 65 identified to genus) on the Sevenmile Creek restoration site near Helena, Montana, USA, along with observations of their seasonal occurrence. I
summarize information from the literature about the ecology and life history of each insect and relate this information to field observations at Sevenmile Creek. In order to facilitate a thorough understanding of ecological relationships, I also present an annotated checklist of 232 species of vascular plants I have documented on the site
and review the insect-feeding habits of the 164 species of birds recorded there. This guide will prove useful not only for biologists but also for all those in the Helena area with an interest in understanding the landscape around them.
Resumen: Los insectos tienen papeles increíblemente variados y esenciales en todos los ecosistemas; la diversidad
de insectos se vincula íntimamente a la diversidad de otros organismos, incluso las plantas y aves. A través de este
informe completamente ilustrado les doy una guía que presenta 277 especies de insectos (212 identificados al nivel
de especie y 65 identificados al nivel de género) desde el lugar de restauración del Arroyo Sevenmile cerca de
Helena, Montana, EE.UU., junto con observaciones sobre la temporada de aparición para cada especie. Resumo
informaciones generales de la literatura científica sobre las relaciones ecológicas y la historia de vida de cada
insecto y vinculo estas informaciones con las observaciones en el sitio de restauración. También, para facilitar un
entendimiento a fondo de las relaciones ecológicas en este lugar, presento una lista anotada de 232 especies de
plantas vasculares las que he documentado en este lugar y reviso cuáles son los hábitos respecto a consumir
insectos de los 164 especies de pájaros registrados allí. Esta guía será útil no sólo para los biólogos sino también
para todos en esta área a que les interese entender el paisaje en que vivan.
Based on the specimens housed primarily in the University of New Hampshire Insect Collection (UNH) and the Canadian National Collection (CNC), we present here a comprehensive faunal review of aleocharine beetles of the state and provide new distribution and natural history data. We report 252 species from New Hampshire belonging to some 74 genera in 15 tribes; 159 of these constitute new New Hampshire state records (NSR), of which 37 (excluding new species and including 1 New York record) constitute new country distribution records (NCR) for the USA. In addition, we provide 36 new state records for ME, with 5 of these species not yet known from NH, seven new state records for MA, two new state records for PA and VT, and one each for CT, DE, MI, NC, NY (also a NCR), OH, and OK. One new genus, Belladonna Klimaszewski and Chandler is erected, and nine species are described as new to science (alphabetical order): Agaricomorpha hampshirensis Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Atheta ellisi Klimaszewski and Chandler sp. n, Atheta monroe Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Atheta struyvei Klimaszewski and Chandler sp. n, Belladonna barryi Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Belladonna fortieri Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Colusa smetanai Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Philhygra pinkhami Klimaszewski and Chandler sp. n., and P. pseudomagniceps Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n. Undescribed females of Aleochara daviesi Klimaszewski and Brunke, and Silusa langori Klimaszewski, are described and illustrated. Illustrations of Atheta (Tetropla) tubericauda Bernhauer are provided for the first time, based on a male from New Hampshire. A new combination is proposed for Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei Klimaszewski and Webster.
The beetle fauna of the California Channel Islands is here enumerated for the first time in over 120 years. We provide an annotated checklist documenting species-by-island diversity from an exhaustive literature review and analysis of a compiled dataset of 26,609 digitized specimen records to which were added over 3,000 individual specimen determinations. We report 825 unique species from 514 genera and 71 families (including 17 new family records) comprising 1,829 species-by-island records. Species totals for each island are as follows: Anacapa (74); San Clemente (197); San Miguel (138); San Nicolas (146); Santa Barbara (64); Santa Catalina (370); Santa Cruz (503); and Santa Rosa (337). This represents the largest list of species published to date for any taxonomic group of animals on the Channel Islands; despite this, we consider the checklist to be preliminary. We present evidence that both inventory and taxonomic efforts on Channel Islands beetles are far from complete. Rarefaction estimates indicate there are at least several hundred more species of beetles yet to be recorded from the islands. Despite the incomplete nature of existing records, we found that species diversity is highly correlated with island area. We report 56 species which are putatively geographically restricted (endemic) to the Channel Islands, with two additional species of questionable endemic status. We also report 52 species from the islands which do not natively occur in the southern California region.
The subgenus Emplenota Casey, 1884 is one of the 16 subgenera of the fly parasitoid rove beetle genus
Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 (Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleocharini, Aleocharina). Unlike the majority of
Aleochara which prefer inland habitats and with only ten species worldwide, all members of this subgenus are
exclusively known to occur in seashore habitats including sandy and rocky beaches, salt marshes and river
mouths (e.g., Klimaszewski, 1984; Assing, 1995; Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2012, 2015; Song & Ahn, 2014,
2018). Yamamoto and Maruyama (2012) revised the East Asian species of the subgenus Emplenota and recognized
five species including Aleochara (Emplenota) segregata Yamamoto et Maruyama, 2012. This species was
originally described from Ikinomatsubara sandy beach facing the Sea of Japan in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan (Yamamoto
& Maruyama, 2012), and is also currently known from coasts of Yellow Sea (South Korea), East China
Sea (Japan, South Korea), Pacific Ocean (Japan), and Sea of Japan (Japan, South Korea, Russian Far East) (Song
& Ahn, 2014, 2018; Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2015). So far, there are no distribution records from Democratic
People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
This bibliography of publications from 1758 to 1972 concerning the taxonomy, developmental
stages, and ecology of the beetle family Staphylinidae of America north of Mexico
includes references to works dealing with the original generic, subgeneric, and specific
descriptions. Full titles of works are given as they appear on the title pages preceding
authors’ names. Not given are all references to works containing subsequent descriptions
of species that have a wider distribution than the area described in the title.