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Bibliotheca Diatomologica, Band 26: Pinnularia: eine Monographie der europaischen Taxa
... Esta variedade foi originalmente descrita por e caracterizada pelo intumescimento mediano das valvas e pelas extremidades arredondadas ou levemente dilatadas. Antes de propor a nova variedade, Krammer (1992a) interpretou os exemplares estudados como morfotipos (morfotipos 2 e 3) de P. acrosphaeria W. Smith var. acrosphaeria, os quais utilizou mais tarde para propor a atual var. ...
... A população estudada no presente estudo não apresentou variação morfológica. Krammer (1992aKrammer ( , 1992b incluiu vários morfotipos na circunscrição de P. mesolepta (Ehrenberg) W. Smith. A análise da espécie em Ehrenberg (1843), sua obra "princeps", mostrou que os representantes possuem valvas lineares, altamente onduladas e extremidades muito estreitas (rostradas, bem afiladas). ...
... O basiônimo de P. polyonca (Brébisson) Smith var. similis (Krammer) Krammer possui, em Krammer (1992a), a obra que contém a descrição original de P. mayeri, as seguintes dimensões: 52-82 µm compr., 8-10 µm larg. e 8-10 estrias alveoladas em 10 µm. ...
Taxonomic survey of representatives of family Pinnulariaceae (Naviculales, Bacillariophyceae) in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brazil. Two genera (Caloneis with 1 and Pinnularia with 12 species) and 20 taxa altogether, including 13 species and seven varieties that are not the typical of their respective species were identified. One variety, Pinnularia brauniana (Grunow) Mills var. sanctipaulensis Rocha, is described as new to science. Pinnularia brauniana (Grunow) Mills var. sanctipaulensis Rocha and P. subgibba Krammer var. lanceolata Gaiser & Johanser are the best geographically represented species in the Parque area occurring in 5 localities, whereas and Caloneis hyalina Hustedt, Pinnularia biceps Gregory var. biceps, P. grunowii Krammer, P. joculata (Manguin) Krammer, P. schoenfelderi Krammer, P. subanglica Krammer, P. tabellaria Ehrenberg and P. viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg var. viridis are the least represented ones, been found in a single locality each.
... It should be kept in mind that ghost striae are often poorly distinguishable in light micrographs. For this reason, P. microgibba can be easily confused with certain diminutive species with narrow linear outlines and broad fascia, including the widespread, ubiquitous, and cosmopolitan P. sinistra [11,63]. However, P. microgibba has concave margins and a rhombic central area with ghost striae, whereas P. sinistra has a linear central area without markings (p. ...
... 265, Taf. 37, Figure 16 of [63]). Interestingly, a population of P. sinistra inhabiting the small oceanic island Île Amsterdam, situated in the southern part of the Indian Ocean (p. ...
A new cyanobacterial species of Aliinostoc, A. vietnamicum sp. nov., is recorded in the tropical forest soil from the Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam. The analysis is based on morphological characters, 16S rDNA phylogeny, ITS secondary structure, and fatty acid composition analysis. A. vietnamicum differed from the other species of the genus by the size and shape of vegetative cells, size of akinetes and heterocytes, and presence of granular polyphosphate inclusions in vegetative cells. The evolutionary distance matrix based on the 16S rRNA gene shared 96.2–98.2% similarities with other Aliinostoc sequences. The phylogeny inferred by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference placed A. vietnamicum in the Aliinostoc clade, within the Nostocaceae. For the first time, fatty acids composition analysis was obtained for a member of the genus Aliinostoc with cultivation time experiments. α‐linolenic (27.54–37.75%), palmitic (13.87–22.65%), and stearic (10.08–20.27%) acids were the dominant fatty acids when cultured during the exponential growth phase, as well as during stationary. This is the first finding of a strain with such a high content of stearic acid among cyanobacteria with Nostoc‐like morphology.
... Diatom slides were prepared from the surface sediments (0-1 cm) using standard procedures described, for example, by Battarbee et al. (2001). A minimum of 400 valves were identified with a phase-contrast light microscope at 10009 final magnification and using the nomenclature of Krammer andLange-Bertalot (1986-1991), Krammer (1992), Moser (1994), andHouk (2003). The taxonomic diversity of the diatom samples was calculated with Past software version 2.09 (Hammer et al., 2001) using individual rarefaction (Hurlbert, 1971). ...
... Diatom slides were prepared from the surface sediments (0-1 cm) using standard procedures described, for example, by Battarbee et al. (2001). A minimum of 400 valves were identified with a phase-contrast light microscope at 10009 final magnification and using the nomenclature of Krammer andLange-Bertalot (1986-1991), Krammer (1992), Moser (1994), andHouk (2003). The taxonomic diversity of the diatom samples was calculated with Past software version 2.09 (Hammer et al., 2001) using individual rarefaction (Hurlbert, 1971). ...
The Iisalmi Route, a chain of lakes in central-eastern Finland, is more eutrophic than its surroundings. We used multivariate analyses to study the influence of selected environmental factors (water quality, basin characteristics, and subcatchment surficial geology) on the recent diatom assemblages across this steep local nutrient gradient. In addition to the spatial analysis of surface sediment diatom assemblages from 51 sampling sites (48 lakes), temporal changes in the total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of one Iisalmi Route lake (Lake Kirmanjärvi) were analyzed using weighted averaging partial least squares regression and 27 fossil diatom samples. Both TP and electrical conductivity (EC) showed statistically significant independent signals in the modern diatom data. The TP gradient was related to till grain size variation suggesting that geological factors affect the spatial TP variation directly or indirectly through differences in land use. Based on the temporal study, the direct effect of geology is most likely behind the steep nutrient gradient in the area because Lake Kirmanjärvi was found to be naturally eutrophic. EC, on the other hand, seems related to anthropogenic disturbance. Our study highlights the importance of taking the local geology into account when assessing past or present water quality or planning for lake management.
... Acaldera of the Golovnin Volcano; B -Golovnin cliff, composed of the Middle Pleistocene marine deposits and location of paleo-lake sequence; Clithology column with marker tephra and 14 C-dates; D -Photo of the paleo-lake sediments. Bertalot, 1986;1991a, b;Krammer, 1992). A minimum of 250 diatom frustules were counted. ...
Despite considerable progress in understanding Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes worldwide, there are still very few such data for the Far East, and Kuril islands, in particular. Here, the sea level rise during the Late Glacial–Holocene transition was accompanied by a loss of the land connectivity culminating into the development of isolated islands. The ecosystems evolution and importance of isolation for vegetation dynamics on islands are still insufficiently understood. We investigated a unique natural record of environmental change since 14 ka has been recently discovered in lake–mire complex on Kunashir Island. The sediments include 12 tephra layers from Kunashir and Hokkaido volcanoes. The lake level was highest during warmer and humid climate of the Allerød. Diatom assemblages indicated the higher lake level between 12 730–12 160 cal yr BP. The first half of Younger Dryas was characterized by heavy snowfalls. Cooling attributed to the Younger Dryas in the Southern Kurils was less distinct than on the continent. The pollen assemblages recorded changes in vegetation on the land bridge. At the end of the Pleistocene large areas were occupied by birch forests and shrub pine. The broadleaf species first appeared at the end of Allerød. Starting from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and during the early Holocene, the role of conifers sharply increased. In the middle Holocene the proportion of broadleaf trees in forests increased. Coniferous forests became abundant during the Little Ice Age. Short-tern climatic fluctuations correlate well with regional pattern, particularly with fluctuations of the moisture supply.
... There is some row of small areolae on each alveolus in the quincunx pattern (Krammer, 2000). Generally, they have a groove and tongue raphe (Krammer, 1992a), however, they have changed in some large species which has made the outer fissure as the irregular course (complex raphe). ...
The diatoms are widespread organisms that occurred in various environments like soil, marine, freshwater, and even in extreme conditions. Taleqhan River is one of the main tributaries of Sepid Roud, the second longest river in Iran with approximately 670 km length. During the sampling from eight stations in the Taleghan River and Dam, Pinnularia lundii var. linearis Krammer was identified as a new record for diatoms flora of Iran. Given the importance of Pinnularia genus as an indicator of pollution, it was discussed together with Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Krammer in this paper. This study was performed during November 2017 to October 2018 on the sediments monthly in the North of Iran. The most characteristic morphological features were the valve outline, density of striae, hexagonal shaped central area, non-deflected proxi-mal raphe endings and capitated apices. The most similar species to this taxon are P. suban-glica Petersen and Pinnularia biceps Gregory. They have deflected proximal raphe ending, unlike Pinnularia lundii var. linearis.
... The diatom slides were prepared and identified from the bottom and top sediment samples using standard procedures described by Battarbee et al. (2001). A minimum of 300 diatom valves were identified to the species level from each bottom sample with a phase-contrast light microscope (1000x final magnification) and using the taxonomic references of Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, 1991a, Krammer (1992), Lange-Bertalot and Moser (1994), and Houk (2003). The top samples were identified otherwise similarly but with a minimum count of 400 (Tammelin et al., 2017) in order to improve the statistical reliability of the transfer function training set consisting of the top samples (Battarbee et al., 2001). ...
Both natural and anthropogenic changes in boreal lakes have been studied utilizing paleolimnological methods, but the spatial variation in the natural conditions of lakes and its connection to geological factors has drawn less attention. Our aims were to examine the spatial distribution of naturally eutrophic lakes on the previously glaciated terrain of central-eastern Finland and the relationship between pre-human disturbance water quality and geological factors related to the basins and their catchments. Furthermore, we studied the pre- to post-human disturbance changes in the diatom assemblages and water quality of 48 lakes (51 sampling sites) across the pre-disturbance phosphorus gradient by using the top-bottom sampling approach and multivariate statistics. According to our results, naturally eutrophic boreal lakes are more common than previously thought, occurring on fine-grained and organic Quaternary landforms, including fine-grained till. Our study emphasizes the importance of the previously overlooked matter of till grain-size variation as a driver behind the spatial variation in the natural trophic states of boreal lakes. The location of a lake in the hydrologic landscape and basin morphology appear to be important factors as well. Shallow, naturally eutrophic lakes with short water residence times and high catchment area to lake area and volume ratios have been particularly sensitive to anthropogenic forcing. Our results indicate that cultural eutrophication is not the only water protection challenge for the relatively remote and dilute boreal lakes, but salinization and alkalinization are also serious threats that should be taken into account. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the notable variation in the natural conditions of boreal lakes in addition to mitigating the effects of anthropogenic forcing, such as nutrient loading, catchment erosion, salt pollution, and climate change, in order to achieve efficient water protection.
... Die Aufbereitung der Proben und die Bestimmung absoluter Valvenzahlen erfolgte nach den üblichen Standardverfahren (Battarbee, 1973;Battarbee & Kneen, 1982;Battarbee, 1986;Renberg, 1990 Die Bestimmungsbände der "Süßwasser -Flora Mitteleuropas" (Krammer & Lange-Bertalot, 1986 Krammer, 1989;Krammer, 1992;Lange-Bertalot, 1999), sowie Einzelveröffentlichungen __________________________________________________________________________________ (beispielsweise Kling & Håkannsson, 1988;Håkansson & Carter, 1990;Scheffler, 1994;Meyer & Håkansson, 1996;Hegewald & Hindáková, 1997) berücksichtigt. ...
... Diatom identifications were based on the works of Podzorski (1985), Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986, 1991a, b, 1997, Sala et al. (1993), Lange-Bertalot & Moser (1994, , , Witkowski et al. (1996), Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998), Lange-Bertalot & Genkal (1999, Reichardt (1999), Lange-Bertalot (2001), Krammer (1992Krammer ( , 1997Krammer ( , 2000Krammer ( , 2002 and Håkansson (1990Håkansson ( , 2002 for freshwater taxa and Witkowski et al. (2000) for marine forms. Diatoms were divided into groups according to their ecological requirements after Denys (1992), Hoffman (1994) and Van Dam et al. (1994). ...
Relative abundance data of diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species were generated for sediment core SKPC-01B from the Skalafjord, Faeroe Islands. The record shows distinct temporal Changes in species composition. In the lowermost 65 cm of the 230 cm long core a species-rich freshwater diatom assemblage was found. Most of the taxa observed in this section are typical of oligotrophic to dystrophic lakes in northern Europe (Scandinavia, Iceland and Spitsbergen). Above this interval the diatom flora is dominated by marine taxa. The change from a freshwater to a marine flora is inferred to be caused by rising sea-level that took place about 7700-6400 years BP. Drastic changes in the diatom species composition within the transitional core section show that environmental change in the Skalafjord took place in several pulses. The first stage included strong inflow (possibly catastrophic) of marine waters. As a possible trigger of this phenomenon the tsunami released by the Storegga Slide is proposed. Before the final flooding by marine waters, freshwater conditions were re-eslablished within the Skalafjord. These results have important implications for the interpretation of the palaeogeographical development of the Eysturoy area. Hence, it is suggested that the Storegga Slide led to inflow of marine waters at a distinctly lower water level in the area of the Skalafjord than proposed in recent publications and that the inundation of the threshold in the fjord happened after the tsunami.
... Organic matter was oxidized from each sample using hydrogen peroxide and potassium dichromate before each sample was mounted and scanned at xlCKX) magnification under oil immersion and interference contrast. Nominally, 400 vaivae from each sample were identified to spedes or subspecies using Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986, 1988 and Krammer (1992) to provide data on percentage abundance. The few species not matching those described were given type labels for use in subsequent data analysis. ...
... Organic matter was oxidized from each sample using hydrogen peroxide and potassium dichromate before each sample was mounted and scanned at xlCKX) magnification under oil immersion and interference contrast. Nominally, 400 vaivae from each sample were identified to spedes or subspecies using Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986, 1988 and Krammer (1992) to provide data on percentage abundance. The few species not matching those described were given type labels for use in subsequent data analysis. ...
1. Hydrobiological changes were assessed along an altirudinal transect of eighteen to twenty-three tributaries from 600 to 3750m in two adjacent river systems in east-central Nepal. The transect incorporated catchments under terraced agriculture at the lowest altitudes in the Likhu Khola, through streams in forest, alpine scrub and tundra at higher altitudes in Langtang.
2. Diatoms, bryophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish all showed pronounced altitudinal changes in assemblage composition as shown by TWINSPAN and DECORANA. A few taxa were restricted to streams at high altitude, but many more occurred only at lower altitudes where taxon richness increased substantially despite catchment disturbance by terraced agriculture.
3. Diatoms characteristic of lower altitude streams were mostly motile, epipelic or episammic Navicula and Nitzschia spp., which occur typically at greater electrolyte and nutrient concentrations. Those characteristic of higher and steeper sites included attached Fragilaria spp. and prostrate Achnanthes spp., tolerant of turbulent flow.
4. Cover by bryophytes varied within catchment type; high altitude springs supported dense mats, unlike streams fed by ice and glaciers. Taxa confined to low altitudes included those characteristic of humid subtropical conditions.
5. Invertebrate families occurring only at lower altitudes included a range of burrowers and pool dwellers. Numerically, filter feeding Hydropsychidae and Simuliidae dominated streams in terraced and forested catchments, whereas grazing baetid mayflies dominated higher altitude streams in scrub and tundra.
6. The combined density and biomass of at least six fish species in the Likhu Khola were 23–250 (per 100m−2), and 86–1282 g wet mass (per 100 m−2), respectively. No fish were found in Langtang streams, probably because torrential headwaters prevented colonization.
7. Our data confirm that altitudinal transitions in stream biota are pronounced in the Himalaya of Nepal, but are likely to reflect a wide array of potential influences.
... A minimum of 500 valves per sample was counted to the species or subspecies level. Taxonomy primarily followed Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986–1991), although several other references were important in making taxonomic determinations (Foged 1981, Germain 1981, Krammer 1992). Photographic images of all taxa from this study are available in Antoniades (2004). ...
Diatom assemblages were analyzed from 64 lakes and ponds from Alert, Ellesmere Island and Mould Bay, Prince Patrick Island in the Canadian High Arctic Archipelago. Diverse water chemistry conditions and diatom communities were present in these sites. Small benthic taxa typically dominated diatom communities; however, assemblages were markedly different between Alert and Mould Bay sites in response to disparate water chemistry characteristics in the two regions. The most abundant taxa belonged to the genera Navicula, Cymbella, Achnanthes, Nitzschia, and Pinnularia. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that pH, specific conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, and total phosphorus were the most important limnological variables in determining species composition. Diatom inference models were developed for pH, specific conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon using weighted averaging and weighted averaging partial least squares techniques; these had root mean square error of prediction/r2boot values of 0.40/0.77, 0.28/0.70, and 0.24/0.55, respectively. These models are applicable to sites with large ranges of taxonomic and limnological variation and will allow the reconstruction of past changes of climate-related limnological parameters from biostratigraphic records in future paleolimnological studies.
Climate change and nutrient pollution are echoed by worldwide increasing trends in the frequency, duration, and toxicity of cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) blooms. Therefore, searching for the best options to mitigate blooms is relevant and timely. Aquatic vascular plants offer a promising solution through biological control. In this study, we use reservoirs regularly affected by intensive blooms (the Kyiv and Kaniv Reservoirs of the Dnipro River, Ukraine) to investigate whether macrophytes may inhibit or reduce the massive development of cyanobacteria. Special attention was paid to plants with floating leaves and free-floating plants since data on their effects on cyanobacteria are controversial. On the basis of field and satellite observations, the spatial distribution of cyanobacterial blooms and aquatic macrophyte patches was assessed. Multispectral images captured by satellites Sentinel-2a (S2A) and Sentinel-2b (S2B) were used. In addition, based on data from field observations, a comparative analysis of phytoplankton and physical and chemical parameters between areas of the reservoirs overgrown and not overgrown by macrophytes was carried out. The obtained results indicate that in macrophyte patches phytoplankton structure differed from that observed in open waters. However, in areas of reservoirs dominated by floating-leaf plants or free-floating plants, a significant decrease in phytoplanktic or cyanobacterial biomass was not observed. This is most likely due to the fact that these macrophytes did not reduce the concentration of biogenic substances to a level that would limit cyanobacterial growth. On the contrary, intensive overgrowth of floating-leaf plants (in particular, Trapa natans) along the river sections of the reservoirs, as well as other factors, contributed to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Therefore, in the face of relevant nutrient supply, these ecological groups of macrophytes (floating-leaf plants and free-floating plants) have not shown statistically significant effectiveness in controlling the process of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoir ecosystems.
We investigated the diatom ora of Fujiganaru Moor, an intermediate moor in Okayama Prefecture, Western Japan. It is a Sphagnum moor formed at the bottom of a valley at 220-240 m above sea level and is surrounded by a slightly sloped ridge. A field survey and sampling were taken place on 14 March 2016. The water was slightly acidic (pH 5.8-6.5) with low electrical conductivity (2.4-3.2 mS m-1). From 15 samples, 111 diatom taxa belonging to 32 genera were found, although 16 of them have not been identified at the species level. They are all listed and illustrated here. In terms of taxa richness, the dominant genus was Pinnularia, represented by 24 taxa, followed by Eunotia, with 17 taxa.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento florístico para conhecer as espécies do gênero Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) encontradas no lago Jurucuí, município de Belterra, estado do Pará. A pesquisa baseou-se em amostras obtidas no sedimento, plâncton e perifíton em junho de 2018. No presente estudo, o gênero Pinnularia esteve composto por 37 táxons (24 espécies, cinco variedades, dois conferatum e seis táxons identificados em nível genérico). Dentre estes, dois são as primeiras citações para a Amazônia brasileira: P. amabilis e P. biceps e cinco para o estado do Pará: P. brauniana, P. interruptiformis, P. paradivergens, P. subgibba var. capitata e P. subgibba var. undulata. Os exemplares analisados apresentaram amplas variações morfométricas, e em alguns casos com diferenças em relação às descrições realizadas em outros trabalhos, em especial, feitos para a Amazônia, o que contribui para a ampliação das características de identificação das espécies. Palavras-chave: diatomáceas, morfologia, ambientes lênticos, América do Sul. The present study aimed to carry out a floristic survey to know the taxonomic composition of the Pinnularia Ehrenberg genus (Bacillariophyceae) found in Jurucuí lake, Belterra city, Pará state. The study samples were obtained from the lake sediment, plankton and periphyton in June 2018. The results revealed the presence of 37 specific and infraspecific taxa (24 species, five varieties, two conferatum and six taxons identified at the generic level). Among these, P. amabilis and P. biceps are first records for the Brazilian Amazon region, and P. brauniana, P. interruptiformis, P. paradivergens, P. subgibba var. capitata and P. subgibba var. undulata are first records for the Pará State. The analyzed specimens presented wide morphometric variations, and in some cases with differences in relation to the descriptions made in other works done for the Amazon, which contributes to the expansion of species identification characteristics.
This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact of Didymosphenia geminata massive growths upon river ecosystem communities’ composition and functioning. This is the first study to jointly consider the taxonomic composition and functional structure of diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages in order to determine changes in community structure, and the food web alterations associated with this invasive alga. This study was carried out in the Lumbreras River (Ebro Basin, La Rioja, Northern Spain), which has been affected by a considerable massive growth of D. geminata since 2011. The study shows a profound alteration in both the river community composition and in the food web structure at the sites affected by the massive growth, which is primarily due to the alteration of the environmental conditions, thus demonstrating that D. geminata has an important role as an ecosystem engineer in the river. Thick filamentous mats impede the movement of large invertebrates—especially those that move and feed up on it—and favor small, opportunistic, herbivorous organisms, mainly chironomids, that are capable of moving between filaments and are aided by the absence of large trophic competitors and predators -prey release effect-. Only small predators, such as hydra, are capable of surviving in the new environment, as they are favored by the increase in chironomids, a source of food, and by the reduction in both their own predators and other midge predators -mesopredator release-. This change in the top-down control affects the diatom community, since chironomids may feed on large diatoms, increasing the proportion of small diatoms in the substrate. The survival of small and fast-growing pioneer diatoms is also favored by the mesh of filaments, which offers them a new habitat for colonization. Simultaneously, D. geminata causes a significant reduction in the number of diatoms with similar ecological requirements (those attached to the substrate). Overall, D. geminata creates a community dominated by small organisms that is clearly different from the existing communities in the same stream where there is an absence of massive growths.
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is an inert powder obtained from milling the fossilized deposits of diatoms. Mainly composed of silica dioxide, DE is highly hygroscopic and is recommended for use in poultry houses as an evironmental conditioner, with a secondary action being the reduction of lesser mealworm populations Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). This study aimed to characterize and assess the insecticidal activity of a new environmental conditioner for poultry houses (Poultry Sec®, Vet Science Bio Solution, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil) in the laboratory. The study was conducted by adding DE to poultry feed (1, 2 and 3 g DE/kg feed), as well as by applying the DE to the poultry litter (86 and 172 g DE/m2), with A. diaperinus adults (26°C in the dark for 10 days). DE samples were analyzed by optical microscopy to measure and count the frustules and to identify the genera of the components. The insecticidal action of the product was observed. When applied to the litter, the DE caused between 83 and 85% mortality. With respect to the qualitative analysis of the diatoms, we estimated the concentration of 1.2 × 106 individuals/g of the product, distributed in nine distinct genera, with Brachysira Kützing being the predominant genus (40%).
The benthic diatoms collected during our recent research in athalassic habitats exemplify a high morphological variability within Chamaepinnularia krookiformis Lange-Bertalot et Krammer. The species has already been known from freshwater ecosystems as well as from brackish waters in different regions of Europe. This variability has been also confirmed by the analysis of the literature. However, this is the first time that the morphological variability of the species has been addressed. In order to revise C. krookiformis and describe a new species, which has been distinguished on the basis of our material, we compared it with the type material of Pinnularia krookiformis Krammer 1992 from the periodic saline pool in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Germany). This study deals with a morphological analysis based on a large populations of C. krookiformis from Pełczyska (Central Poland). Selected morphological features were analysed, i.e.: valve length and width, number of striae in 10 µm, apices width, constrictions width, apices/constrictions width ratio, central-area length, and valve/central area length ratio. The results of light (LM) and scanning (SEM) microscopy, supported by multidimensional scaling (MDS), allowed for the distinction of three different morphotypes. Two of them match Krammer concept of Pinnularia krookiformis from 1992, while the third, occurring in our samples in three sampling sites, is clearly different. Thus, we described a new species Chamaepinnularia plinskii sp. nov., by the following major features: the valves are linear, symmetric, with rounded, capitate apices, the axial area is narrow, expanding to a wide central area forming a fascia, distal raphe endings are hooked to the same side of the valve and striae slightly radiate in the middle and in the rounded apices, becoming parallel in constrictions, 20-26 in 10 µm. This species occurs in inland waters with a wide range of chloride concentration, from 1000 to 3500 mg.l-1.
Langzeiteffekte von Umwelteinflüssen dokumentieren sich in den Ablagerungen von Ozeanen, Seen, Mooren, Grundwasser, in terrestrischen Ökosystemen, wie z. B. Böden, aber auch im Eis der Polarregionen. In der Paläolimnologie verwendet man physikalische, chemische und biologische Informationen aus dem Sediment, um die früheren Umweltbedingungen eines Sees zu rekonstruieren. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Möglichkeiten und die Probleme der Paläolimnologie an Hand von Seesedimenten dargestellt werden. Es werden verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden an umweltrelevanten Parametern und neue Forschungsergebnisse diskutiert und die praktischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten kritisch beleuchtet.
The periphytic diatom flora of Nakaikemi Wetland, a peaty low moor located near the Sea of Japan in Fukui Prefecture, central Japan, was studied. This moor was inscribed as a registered wetland under the Ramsar Convention in 2012. We checked a total of 50 diatom samples collected from the surface of filamentous green algae, living/dead spermatophytes, and mud in the moor in May and November, 2008. The water ranged from slightly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.9–8.8), and electrical conductivity also varied greatly among sites (7–32 mS m-1). In all, 297 taxa belonging to 61 genera are listed and illustrated from these samples, although 36 taxa among them have not been identified to species. In terms of taxa richness, the dominant genus was Pinnularia, represented by 35 taxa, followed by Navicula (24 taxa), Nitzschia and Gomphonema (23 taxa each), and Sellaphora (21 taxa). Several brackish and/or marine diatoms occurred in the samples although the water was fresh. Navicula americana var. moesta Temp. et H.Perag. is raised to species level with its transfer to the genus Sellaphora, as S. moesta (Temp. et H.Perag.) Ohtsuka comb. nov.
2005. Caracterización diatomológica en tres cuerpos de agua de los humedales de Jilotepec-Ixtlahuaca, Estado de México . Hidrobiológica 15 (1): 1-26 RESUMEN Se representa la caracterización taxonómica y ambiental de las diatomeas de tres cuerpos de agua de los humedales de Jilotepec-Ixtlahuaca, Estado de México, a partir de seis muestreos (enero-octubre de 2001). Se colectaron crecimientos algales bentónicos y planctónicos. Los taxa se estudiaron con microscopio de luz y electrónico de barrido. Se identificaron 45 especies y 3 variedades de diatomeas distribuidas en 32 géneros. Aulacoseira granulata, Cymbella affinis, Gomphonema acuminatum, G. angustatum, Pinnularia microstauron, Synedra ulna y Stephanodiscus niagarae fueron especies dominantes. Por el contrario Craticula halophila, Cymatopleura solea y Neidium iridis fueron raras. Epithemia turgida, Eunotia curvata y Rhopalodia sp. fueron particulares del charco permanente. Achnanthes pinnata, Cyclostephanos dubius, Eunotia faba y Planothidium ellipticum son nuevos registros para la FVTM. La presencia de S. niagarae amplia su distribución como especie viviente hacia el sur de Norte América. El 89% de las especies fueron limnófilas, con tendencia a indiferentes y a reófilas. El 67% de los taxa estuvieron asociados con la diversidad de sustratos y no manifestaron marcada estacionalidad. La riqueza de especies fue mayor durante la época de secas. Craticula halophila, Encyonema caespitosum, Frustulia vulgaris y Sellaphora pupula se encontraron en época de lluvias. Todas las especies fueron meso-euritermales con afinidad templada. El pH fue ligeramente básico (7.8), el 65% de las especies fueron alcalífilas. Eunotia faba, acidófila-circumneutral, E. curvata y Surirella tenera circumneutral-indiferentes. Stephanodiscus niagarae en asociación con Aulacoseira granulata, Fragilaria capucina y F. crotonensis, indican una tendencia a condiciones eutróficas. Todas las especies son características de agua dulce y oligohalobias. Los resultados de las variables ambientales medidas indicaron que el agua del área de estudio es poco mineralizada.
We studied the diatom flora of the Koyama-ike pond located in Tottori Prefecture in western Honshu, Japan. The pond is a closed lagoon facing the Japan Sea. Diatoms were collected monthly from a cedar board set at four stations near the pond shore from February 2010 to January 2011. The water was fresh to slightly brackish during the sampling period. A total of 225 diatom species belonging to 67 genera were found. These were all illustrated and identified except 18 unidentified ones. The predominant genera were Navicula, Nitzschia and Gomphonema represented by 27, 24 and 18 species, respectively. Our diatom flora is sometimes different to those of past studies in the 1960s, even though the pond salinity was mostly the same as during our sampling period. This difference may be partly attributed to the eutrophication.
The diatoms of Kobylanka stream, a small watercourse near Kraków (Wyżyna Krakowsko- Częstochowska upland, S Poland), are described, illustrated with more than 1300 SEM and LM micrographs, and briefly discussed. Information on their ecology and their distribution generally, in Poland and on the Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska is provided for every taxon from Kobylanka stream. The 307 diatom taxa identified in the stream include 289 species of 64 genera, 16 varieties and two forms; 26 diatoms are identified only to genus level. The first Polish records of 27 species are reported: Achnanthidium jackii Rabhenhorst, Chamaepinnularia submuscicola (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot, Cymbella affiniformis Krammer, C. lange- bertalotii Krammer, Cymbopleura hercynica (A. Schmidt) Krammer, C. inaequaliformis Krammer, Diatoma moniliformis Kützing, Diploneis fontanella Lange-Bertalot, Encyonema lange-bertalotii Krammer, Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Rabenhorst var. parvulius Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt, G. parvulum var. parvulum f. saprophilum Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt, Luticola paramutica (Bock) D.G. Mann var. binodis (Bock) Van de Vijver, L. ventriconfusa Lange-Bertalot, Navicula vilaplanii (Lange-Bertalot & Sabater) Lange- Bertalot & Sabater, Nitzschia frequens Hustedt, N. tubicola Grunow, Pinnularia frequentis Krammer, P. isselana Krammer, P. kuetzingii Krammer, P. subcomutata Krammer, Planothidium minutissimum (Krasske) Morales, Sellaphora nana (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot, Simonsenia delognei (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Stauroneis leguminopsis Lange-Bertalot & Krammer, S. prominula (Grunow) Hustedt, S. separanda Lange- Bertalot & Werum, Surirella terricola Lange-Bertalot & Alles. 47 diatoms are new to the Wyżyna Krakowsko- Częstochowska upland: Achnanthidium eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, A. minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki var. inconspicua Østrup, Amphora inariensis Krammer, A. montana Krasske, A. veneta Kützing, Caloneis aerophila Bock, Chamaepinnularia krookiformis (Krammer) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer, Cocconeis pseudolineata (Geitler) Lange-Bertalot, Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) D.G. Mann, C. molestiformis (Hustedt) D.G. Mann, Cylindrotheca gracilis (Brébisson) Grunow, Cymbella proxima Reimer, Cymbopleura subaequalis (Grunow) Krammer, Encyonema caespitosum Kützing, Eolimna subminuscula (Manguin) Moser, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin, Eunotia incisa Gregory, Fragilaria austriaca (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, F. bidens Heiberg, Gomphocymbellopsis ancyli (Cleve) Krammer, Gomphonema sarcophagus Gregory, Grunowia sinuata Thwaites, Luticola acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot, L. goeppertiana (Bleisch) D.G. Mann, Mayamaea
The taxonomic and environmental characteristics of the diatom flora found in three bodies of water in the wetlands of Jilotepec-Ixtlahuaca, Estado de Mexico are described. Six samplings were made (January-October, 2001). Benthic and planktonic diatoms growth were collected.The samples were analyzed with a Light Microscope (LM) and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 45 species and 3 infraspecific taxa belonging to 32 genera were identified. Aulacoseira granulata, Cymbella affinis, Gomphonema acuminatum, G. angustatum, Pinnularia microstauron, Synedra ulna y Stephanodiscus niagarae were the dominat species. Craticula halophila, Cymatopleura solea, and Neidium iridis were rare species. Epithemia turgida, Eunotia curvata and Rhopalodia sp. were species specific to the permanent pond. Achnanthes pinnata, Cyclostephanos dubius, Eunotia faba and Planothidium ellipticum are new records for theTrans Mexican Volcanic Belt. We found a living population of S. niagarae from wetlands, suggesting that this species had once a much wider distribution towards the southern region of North America. 89% of the species were limnophilous with an indifferent and rheophilous tendency. 67% of the taxa were associated to the diversity of substrates and did not exhibit marked seasonality. Species richness was higher during dry season. Craticula halophila, Encyonema caespitosum, Frustulia vulgaris y Sellaphora pupula were found during the rainy season. All of the species were found to be meso-eurytherms with temperate affinity. pH was slightly basic (7.8), 65% of the species were alkaliphilous. Eunotia faba, acidophilous-circumneutral, Eunotia curvata and Surirella tenera circumneutral-indifferent. Stephanodiscus niagarae in association with Aulacoseira granulata, Fragilaria capucina and F. crotonensis showed a tendency to eutrophic condition. All of the species were characterized as being from freshwater and oligohalobous. Results from environmental analysis show that the water from study area has a low mineral content.
A new species of Pinnularia (P. aldenii) is described from the surface sediment samples of brown-water, acidic lakes and bogs in the upper-peninsula of Michigan (USA) based upon light and scanning electron microscopy examination. Survey of existing environmental data suggests this taxon is an acidobiont found mainly in waters with high levels of dissolved organic carbon.
The potential use of epilithic diatoms as indicators of organic pollution was evaluated in Gravataí River, RS, (latitude 29°45′–30°12′S;
longitude 50°27′–51°12′W). The river suffers agricultural impacts in its upper course and urban and industrial organic pollution
in its lower course. Epilithic diatoms were sampled eight times from September 2000 to August 2002, at six sites. Species
were identified and densities and relative abundances of populations were determined. Simultaneously, physical, chemical and
microbiological variables were measured (water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, ortho-phosphate, total phosphate, chloride and faecal
coliforms). In order to interpret the environmental and biological variables, discriminant analysis and the TWINSPAN methods
(Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis) were applied. The results indicated that the concentrations of ortho-phosphate, ammonium,
total organic nitrogen, BOD5 and faecal coliforms characterized a pollution gradient along the river, where changes in the abundance or species composition
were observed. Species were classified into three groups: Group A, including species more tolerant to heavy organic pollution
and eutrophication, represented by Luticola goeppertiana, L. mutica, Eolimna subminuscula, Nitzschia palea and Sellaphora pupula; Group B, comprised of tolerant and widely distributed species such as Eunotia bilunaris, Frustulia crassinervia, F. saxonica, Navicula cryptocephala, N. cryptotenella, Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris, Surirella angusta, Pinnularia microstauron and Ulnaria ulna and Group C, with less pollution tolerant species represented by Eunotia sp. and Gomphonema parvulum.
The Florida Everglades is a mosaic of short and long-hydroperiod marshes that differ in the depth, duration, and timing of
inundation. Algae are important primary producers in widespread Everglades’ periphyton mats, but relationships of algal production
and community structure to hydrologic variability are poorly understood. We quantified differences in algal biomass and community
structure between periphyton mats in 5 short and 6 long-hydroperiod marshes in Everglades National Park (ENP) in October 2000.
We related differences to water depth and total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the water, periphyton and soils. Long and
short-hydroperiod marshes differed in water depth (73cm vs. 13cm), periphyton TP concentrations (172μgg−1 vs. 107μgg−1, respectively) and soil TP (284μgg−1 vs. 145μgg−1). Periphyton was abundant in both marshes, with short-hydroperiod sites having greater biomass than long-hydroperiod sites
(2936 vs. 575grams ash-free dry massm−2). A total of 156 algal taxa were identified and separated into diatom (68 species from 21genera) and “soft algae” (88 non-diatom
species from 47 genera) categories for further analyses. Although diatom total abundance was greater in long-hydroperiod mats,
diatom species richness was significantly greater in short- hydroperiod periphyton mats (62 vs. 47 diatom taxa). Soft algal
species richness was greater in long-hydroperiod sites (81 vs. 67 soft algae taxa). Relative abundances of individual taxa
were significantly different among the two site types, with soft algal distributions being driven by water depth, and diatom
distributions by water depth and TP concentration in the water and periphyton. Periphyton communities differ between short
and long-hydroperiod marshes, but because they share many taxa, alterations in hydroperiod could rapidly promote the alternate
community.
Surface sediment diatom assemblages were examined from 26 freshwater sites near Isachsen (78°47′N, 103°32′W), Ellef Ringnes Island, a region of diverse and atypical water chemistry for high arctic sites. One hundred and sixty eight diatom taxa were identified from these samples, over 50% of which had not previously been recorded in the Canadian High Arctic. Variations in diatom assemblages were related to changes in measured environmental variables using multivariate techniques. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that five variables contributed significantly to explaining patterns of diatom variation (i.e., COND, DIC, Mn, TPF, TPU). The first CCA axis (λ=0.44) was primarily controlled by conductivity-related variables, while CCA axis 2 (λ=0.21) was related to particulate concentrations. Diatom-based inference models were generated for the reconstruction of conductivity (RMSEPjack=0.32, r
2jack=0.76) and pH (RMSEPjack=0.40, r
2jack=0.69). The strengths of these models indicate that it will be possible to reliably infer past trends in conductivity and pH from diatom assemblages preserved in dated sediment cores from the Isachsen region.
Responses of periphyton communities to different relevant durations of dry down were assessed. Long-hydroperiod sites within Everglades National Park remain wet for greater than 8 months of the year while short-hydroperiod mats are wet for fewer than 4 months of the year. Dry down duration of long and short-hydroperiod Everglades periphyton was manipulated from 0 to 1, 3, or 8 months after which periphyton was rewetted 1 month and examined for algal species composition. The effects of desiccation and rewetting on periphyton nutrient retention were also assessed. Relative abundance of diatoms declined from an average of 47% in the long-hydroperiod community at the start of the experiment to 24% after 1 month of desiccation and only 12% after 8 months of desiccation. Short-hydroperiod periphyton contained a lower proportion of diatoms at the outset (3%), which declined to less than 1% after the 8-month desiccation treatment. A significant increase in the filamentous cyanobacteria Schizothrix calcicola occurred in long-hydroperiod periphyton mats during this same period, but not in short-hydroperiod mats. Long-hydroperiod periphyton communities had a greater response to desiccation overall, but short-hydroperiod community structure responded to desiccation more rapidly. Because short-hydroperiod communities dry frequently, they appear to cope better to desiccating conditions than long-hydroperiod periphyton communities. This is indicated by the dominance of desiccation resistant algal taxa such as the cyanobacterial filaments S. calcicola and Scytonema hofmanni. Long-hydroperiod periphyton mat communities converge compositionally to short-hydroperiod periphyton communities after prolonged desiccation. Desiccation and rewetting caused long-hydroperiod periphyton to flux greater concentrations of nutrients than short-hydroperiod periphyton. Significant increases in efflux occurred from 1 to 8 months for total phosphorus (TP) and from 1 to 3 and 8 months for total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC). Thus, changes in periphyton mat community structure and function with altered hydroperiod may have long-term ecosystem effects.
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