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Phaeospora arctica, a new lichenicolous fungus
JANA
HORAKOV
A and VAGN ALSTRUP
Horakova, J. & Alstrup,
V.
1994: Phaeospora arctics, a new lichenicolous
fungus. Graphis Scripta
6:
61-63. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.
The
new lichenicolous fungus Phaeospora arctica
Horakow
& Alstrup, found
on
Arctocetraria andrejevii and Arctoparmelw centrifuga, is described from
Greenland and reported from
Alaska
' ,
Jana
llo;dko~a,
National Museum
of
Natural History,
Vddavskt
nam.
68,
11579
Praha 1, Czech Republic.
Vagn Aistrup, Department
of
plant ecology, University
of
Copenhagen,
~.
Farimagsgade
2D,
DK-1353 Copenhagen
K,
Denmark.
Phaeospora arctica
Horakova
&
Alstrup,
sp.
nov
.
Ascocarpia usque
0.1
mm
diam. Asci fissituni-
cati, elongato-clavati, cum rostro longo apicali
instructi. Ascosporae haud halonatae, pro
parte majore 3- septatae, 15.5-18.5 x 5.5-6.5
lim.
Type
: Greenland, Disko Island, Godhavn,
Lyngmarken, alt. 100
m,
on
Arctocetraria
andrejevii, 28 July 1983, J. Poelt (PRM
842918, holotype; in
V~
Lich. Rar. &sice.
83). Figure
1.
' ,
Uchenicolousturigus.
'
~matii
'
pe
' rithecioid
. " '
widely
dispersed~imnierSed,
the ' upper 1/4
becoming erumperit, subglobose
to
pYriform,
black,
ostiolate,*ot
ex.ceeding
0.1
mm
di3m
.
Ou~er
part
of
asCtima
Wall
dark brown,
11-13
J.lm
,thick, expanding
to
: i
16
~
18
lim
and becom-
ing
,.
black'
at
the
:
ostiol~,
pseudoparenchyma-
touS, composed
of
iso4iaIitetriccells
of
4.5
~
7
lim
diam.; inner! part
'j
oLsimi1at dimensionS,
hyaline. Harnathecrum
'
~bsen(
Asci elongate-
clavate, fissitunicate,
wi~h
a long internal
api-
cal beak,
50-60
x 10-13.5 lim, 6-spored.
Ascospores elongate-ellipsoid to slightly fusi-
form, rounded
at
the
apices, often somewhat
curved,
(2-)3-septate,
sometimes slightly
constricted
at
the
septa,
thin-
and
smooth-
walled, hyaline
at
first, becoming pale
brownish,
not
halonate, 15.5-18.5 x 5.5-6.5
lim. Ascal cytoplasm becoming orange with
Lugol after pretreatment with 10% KOH,
otherwise J
-,
K
-.
Taxonomy
The
genus Phaeospora Hepp
ex
Stein
is
in
need
of
revision.
The
difference between
Phaeospora, Merismatium · and other similar
genera was treated
by
Triebel (1989: 71, 178).
The
distinction between Phaeospora ' and
En-
dococcus was
81so
treated '
by
Hawksworth
(1979:
285)
;
The
type species is P.rimosicola '
(Mudd) Stein, which
h~
'
haloriateand
bigger
ascospores (Clauzade
et
aI.
'1989: 70,
Hawks-
worth 1985: 164).
Other
species, for example
P.
peltigericola
D. Hawksw., have ascospores without halo. A
small apical beak is
seen
in that species
(Hawksworth 1980:
380..:.381)
and in
the
algi-
colous species P. lemaneae (Woronin) D.
Hawksw. (Hawksworth' 1987: 551-555), but
such a beak is
not
mentioned in the descrip-
tions
of
most
of
the other 15 species
of
Phaeospora
or
shown in
the
illustration
of
P.
62 Jana Horakova
and
Vagn Alstrup
subantarctica 0vstedal & D. Hawksw. given
by
0vstedal
& Hawksworth (1986: 59).
Phaeo-
spora subantarctica has ascospores
of
com-
Figure
1:
Phaeospora atrtica,:holotype. Ascus
withascospores. Bar
10.um.
.
GRAPHIS
SCRIPTA 6 (1994)
parable size, but these
are
distinctly constricted
at
the
median septum; this species
is
found
semi-immersed
on
Lecania gerlachei
on
Bouvet0ya Also
P.
fritzii Stein has ascospores
of
comparable size, but these
are
darker and
the ascomata are bigger and found
in
groups;
this species grows
on
Parme/ia saxatiJis
on
Madeira
Another species reported to occur
on
Parme/ia saxatiJis
is
Phaeospora parme/iaTum .
(plowr. &
Phil)
Vouaux. Holm (1967) showed
that Sphaeria parmeliaTum Plowr. & Phil. is a
saprophytic species
on
bark called
Cucur-
bitopsis pithyophila var. cembrae (Rehm)
Holm.
Distribution
and
ecology
The
type material grows
on
Arctocetraria
andrejevii (Oxner) Karnefelt & Theil, and was
collected in Greenland.
It
is previously
reported onAtrtoparmelia centrifuga
(L)
Hale
from Greenland
by
Alstrup & Hawksworth
(1990: 51, as Phaeospora rimosicola). Rolf
Santesson
(inUtt.)
has informed us about a
further collection from
Alaska
(see
below),
on
Atrtocetraria andrejevii.
Phaeospora atrtica is found in
the
lower,
but still living part
of
the thallus
of
A.
andre-
jevii, and it
seems
not
to
cause
any damage to
the
. host.
On
Arctoparmelia centrifuga,
it
is
found
in
!older, greyish parts
of
the thallus, but
·
it
: cannot be concluded that
P.
arctica
is
• pathogeilic
on
that host, since similar greyish
·
partS
of
~he
thallus may be without the fungus.
· - i
: i
· AdditionFI specimens exmnined: Greenland.
· Ivigtut,
Qn
boulder W
of
Ivigtut town, alt. 50
m; Skytie Christiansen 5450 (herb.
Chris-
tiansen).i Alaska. Bering Strait district:
Ogutor*
Creek drainage, alt. sea-level to
1000
ft,
[snowbed community,
on
Atrtocetraria
and~ejevi;.,
68°05'N,165°32'':'''165°47'W,
1960,
Viereck
~
Bucknell 4557B (UPS).
Acknowledgements
Thanks
are
due to Rolf Santesson for drawing
attention to Holm's work and for information
about the occurrence
of
the
new species in
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 6 (1994)
AJaska,
and
to
M. Skytte Christiansen for loan
of
his
specimen.
References
AJstrup, V. & Hawksworth, D.
L.
1990:
The
Iichenicolous fungi
of
Greenland.
Meddel.
Gr¢nland,
Biosci.
31:
1-90.
Clauzade, G., Diederich, P. & Roux C. 1989:
Nelikenigintaj fungoj Iikenlogaj.
BulL
Soc.
Linn.
Provence,
Num. Splc.1: 1-142.
Hawksworth, D.
1..
.1979: Studies in the genus
Endococcus
(AscomyC(jtina,
DothidealeS).
&t.
NOUser
132:283~290
>
'
. . . . .
Hawkswo~,
D.
L.
1980: Notes
on
some fungi
occumng
on
Peltigera, with a key
to
accepted species.
Trans.
Bro.
Mycol.
Soc.
74:363-386. .
;
t:
Phaeospora
arctica
63
Hawksworth, D.
L.
1985: A redisposition
of
the species referred to the ascomycete
genus Microthelia
Bull.
Brit.
Mus.
(Nat.
Hist.),
Bot.
14: 43-181.
Hawksworth, D.
L.
1987: Observations
on
three algicolous microfungi. Notes
Roy.
Bot.
Gard.
Edinburgh
44: 549-560.
Holm,
L.
1967: Taxonomic notes
on
ascomy-
cetes V.
On
Sphaeria parmeliarum
Phil
&
Plowr.
and
the genus Cucurbidothis
Petro
Svensk
Bot.
Tidskr.
61: 449-456.
0vstedal, D.
O.
& . Hawksworth, D.
L.
1986:
Lichenicolous ascomycetes from
Bouvet-
f6ya
Norsk
Polarinst.
Skr.
185:
57-60.
Triebel, D. 1989: Lecideicole Ascomyceten.
Biblioth. Lichenol. 35: 1-278.
;. :
