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The morphological, anatomical and karyological properties of Salvia forskahlei L. (Lamiaceae) in Turkey
... Salvia türlerinin anatomisine ilişkin ilk çalışma Metcalfe ve Chalk tarafından yapılmış ve glandular ve eglandular salgı tüylerinin teşhis ve sınıflandırmada önemli bir karakter olduğu belirtilmiştir [8,[10][11][12][13]. Salvia gövdelerinin anatomik yapısı tipik dört köşelidir ve her bir köşede kollenkima hücreleri yer almaktadır ve köşe yapıları sistematik açıdan önemlidir [8,10]. ...
... S. forskahlei üzerinde yapılan bir çalışmada köklerde korteks parankimasının altında sklerankima kümelerinin bulunduğu belirtilmiş [12], S. sclarea üzerinde yapılan başka bir çalışmada ise kök korteksinde sklerankima hücrelerinin varlığından söz edilmemiştir [13]. Yapılan çalışmada ise S. sclarea türü hariç incelenen tüm Salvia taksonlarının köklerinde korteks tabakası ile floem arasında yer yer küçük sklerankimatik kümelere rastlanması, epidermisin bozulmasıyla meydana gelen periderm tabakasının varlığı, iletim demetlerinin geniş yer tutarak öz bölgesini daraltması gibi özellikler daha önceki çalışmalarla uyumluluk göstermektedir [8,11,12,13]. ...
... S. forskahlei üzerinde yapılan bir çalışmada köklerde korteks parankimasının altında sklerankima kümelerinin bulunduğu belirtilmiş [12], S. sclarea üzerinde yapılan başka bir çalışmada ise kök korteksinde sklerankima hücrelerinin varlığından söz edilmemiştir [13]. Yapılan çalışmada ise S. sclarea türü hariç incelenen tüm Salvia taksonlarının köklerinde korteks tabakası ile floem arasında yer yer küçük sklerankimatik kümelere rastlanması, epidermisin bozulmasıyla meydana gelen periderm tabakasının varlığı, iletim demetlerinin geniş yer tutarak öz bölgesini daraltması gibi özellikler daha önceki çalışmalarla uyumluluk göstermektedir [8,11,12,13]. ...
Bu çalışmada Sakarya ili Geyve, Taraklı, Akyazı ve Sapanca ilçelerinden toplanan beş Salvia L. türünün (S. verticillata L. subsp. amasiaca (Freyn amp; Bornm.) Bornm., S. tomentosa Mill., S. virgata Jacq., S. forskahlei L. ve S. sclarea L.) anatomik özellikleri karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Kök, gövde, yaprak, yaprak sapı ve kaliks gibi organ ve kısımlarından alınan enine ve yüzeysel kesitlerle hücre ve tüy yapıları incelenmiştir. Hücre yapılarının türler arasında benzerlik gösterdiği, hücre sayılarında ve iletim demetlerinde ise bazı farklılıklar olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yapraklar amfistomatiktir. Basit yapılı örtü tüyleri ve kapitat salgı tüyleri çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Peltat salgı tüylerine S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca ile S. tomentosa türlerinde rastlanmıştır.
... . Any morphological and anatomical [6,17,7,20,21,5,19,2] study in detail, has not been found in the literature, except the main morphological knowledge of S. argentea in "Flora of Turkey" . In this study, we [15] aimed to introduce morphological and anatomical characters of Salvia argentea in detail. ...
... [15] According to our observations, the corolla and stamen structure of S. argentea are well models explaining this mechanism, because its upper lip of corolla, that is strongly falcate, facilitates the enter of insect to the Bract length 0.6 -1.8 1.08 ± 0.32 We compared our anatomical findings of S. argentea with the anatomical studies made on other Salvia species in literature. Some researchers reported the presence of schlerenchyma groups in the cortex region of the roots and stems of S. palaestina, S. trichoclada, S. napifolia while Özdemir and [6,7,2] Şenel mentioned an additional sclerenchymatous ring [21] surrrounding the sclerenchyma groups in the root cortex, which is being alone in the herbaceous stem of S. forskahlei. We observed clear sclerenchyma groups upon the phloem and additionally within the cortex parenchyma but no sclerenchymatic ring in the root and stem of S. argentea. ...
... We observed clear sclerenchyma groups upon the phloem and additionally within the cortex parenchyma but no sclerenchymatic ring in the root and stem of S. argentea. Vacular cambium is reported as 2-3 layered in the stems of S. palaestina and S. forskahlei or [6,21] sometimes unclear as seen in the stems of S. sclarea and S. napifolia . We observed a 1-2 layered [20,2] vascular cambium in the stem of S. argentea. ...
... The typical four-cornered stem with dense collenchymatic cell walls located in the corners is a distinguishing anatomical characteristic of the family Lamiaceae (Fahn 1967, Metcalfe andChalk 1972). The existence of the stem's parencymatic pith is observeable in the stem of S. sclarea, S. forskahlei, S. hypargeia, S. huberi and S. napifolia (Özdemir and Senel 1999, 2001, Kandemir 2003, Özdemir and Altan 2005, Baran and Özdemir 2006. In leaves the upper epidermis consists of flat-ovoidal cells and the lower epidermis is made up of cells having same length and breadth. ...
... The leaves are bifacial. The occurrence of the leaf being bifacial has been reported in S. sclarea, S. forskahlei, S. hypargeia, S. huberi and S. napifolia (Özdemir and Senel 1999, 2001, Kandemir 2003, Özdemir and Altan 2005, Baran and Özdemir 2006. There are amaryllis and anisosytic type of stomata on both surfaces of the leaf (Figs 4,5). ...
... Thus, the leaf is amphistomatic. Same has been reported in the leaves of S. sclarea, S. forskahlei, S. hypargeia, S. huberi and S. napifolia (Özdemir and Senel 1999, 2001, Kandemir 2003, Özdemir and Altan 2005, Baran and Özdemir 2006. Pollens of Salvia verticillata L. subsp. ...
Salvia verticillata L. subsp. verticillata has four cornered stem with 5-6 layers of collenchyma cells inside the epidermis. The pith is parenchymatous. In the leaf mesophyll, the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells were of similar shape. The leaf was amphistomatious. The plant was amaryllis mesomorphic and anisocytic type of stomata. The pollen grains were suboblate-subprolate and stephanocolpate. Exine was seen to be tectate-granulate.
... Type II had a pear-like or roundlike head and larger subcuticular space filled with secreted material and subsequent broken cuticle. Type II, which was of round-like and larger head cell, had an obviously elevated cuticle forming a large subcuticular space surrounding the cell up to its base (Fig. 2 I–R,The glandular trichomes of Salvia argentea 35 1997; Bisio et al. 1999; ¨ Ozdemir & S ¸enel 1999 ¨ Ozdemir & S ¸enel , 2001 ¨ Ozkan & Soy 2007). As in plants of most Lamiaceae species, the aerial parts of S. argentea, especially the leaves and flowers, densely carried glandular trichomes, including the two main types, peltate and capitate trichomes , which differed in structure and secretion pro- cess. ...
... The heads of peltate trichomes were made up of 1– 5, 8 central and 8–10, 12, 14 peripheral secretory cells arranged in two concentric circles, which is a typical feature in the Lamiaceae. There is a similar arrangement in Origanum species (Bosabalidis & Tsekos 1984), Satureja thymbra (Bosabalidis 1990), S. forskahlei and S. sclarea ( ¨ Ozdemir & S ¸enel 1999; 2001) and different species examined by Werker et al. (1985a,b), but in other species of the same family, such as Leonotis leonurus (Ascensão et al. 1995), Ocimum basilicum (Werker et al. 1993), a small number of head cells are arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes are widespread in the Lamiaceae , but they vary greatly in structure and size. ...
... In our study, the capitate trichomes with a bicellular head had a 1–3 celled stalk or no stalk cell, while bicellular headed capitate trichomes in S. sclarea ( ¨ Ozdemir & S ¸enel 1999) had no stalk cell and those in S. forskahlei ( ¨ Ozdemir & S ¸enel 2001) had a 1–2 celled stalk. ¨ Ozdemir & S ¸enel (1999 Ozdemir & S ¸enel ( , 2001 ) are the first authors to report the base cell number of capitate glandular trichomes in the Salvia. In the present study, we also determined the base cell number of capitate glandular trichomes of S. argentea. ...
The morphology, anatomy and distribution of glandular trichomes on the aerial organs of Salvia argentea L. has been investigated. Two morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes were determined. Capitate glandular trichomes
forming a base 1–7 celled, a stalk 1–5 celled or no stalk and a head uni- or bicellular had various types. In capitate trichomes,
the neck cell that has an important role especially for xeroformic plants, acting to prevent the backflow of secreted substance
through the apoplast has been distinctively observed in the investigated species. The capitate trichomes were present abundantly
on all aerial organs of S. argentea. Peltate glandular trichomes had a large secretory head forming 1–5, 8 central and 8–10, 12, 14 peripheral cells. Peltate
trichomes are present on all aerial organs, except petiole, being the most abundant on calyx and corolla. Results were shown
by tables and photographs.
... Detailed studies on the anatomy and especially ecology of this genus are limited. Recent studies have been done on the anatomical structure of the some Salvia species [10][11][12][13]. Kaya et al. [14] reported morphological, anatomical and palynological characteristics of Salvia halophila. ...
... The stem of S. aethiopsis and S. argentea have sclerenchyma groups upon the phloem, but the the herbaceous stem of S. viridis has not a sclerenchymatic groups (Table 3). However, according to Özdemir and Şenel [11] the herbaceous stem of S. viridis has clear sclerenchyma groups upon the phloem. Also, there is sclerenchymatic groups on the phloem of stem cross sections of the S. sclarea [10]. ...
This study proposes to present a comparative analysis of the anatomical and ecological characteristics of three Salvia L. species (S. argentea, S. aethiopsis, S. viridis) collected from various localities of Bali{dotless}kesir province. The only S. viridis is an annual. Anatomical examination was made of cross sections obtained from stems and leaves, in addition to examining leaf surface sections to determine stoma type. All anatomical sections obtained were photographed. While the stem anatomies of all species generally resembled one another we did not observe sclerenchyma tissue in the S. viridis. Ecological investigation included physical (texture, pH, lime (CaCO 3), total salt) and chemical (N, P, K, organic matter) analysis of soil samples taken from the various localities. In general the structure of the soil over which the species had spread showed similarity.
... Salvia L. cinsinə aid olan növlər güclü efir yağlara malik olub, çox illik otlar və ya kollar, nadir hallarda iki və ya bir illik bitkilərdir (Seçmen ve digerleri, 1998). Salvia L. cinsinin nümayəndələri qədim dövrdən bəri bilinən və önəmini bu günə qərər itirməyən tibbi xüsusiyyətə malikdir (Özdemir and Senel, 2001). Sürvə, xalq təbabətində antibakterial, mədə, diüretik, spazmolitik, antiseptik, hemostatik, stimullaşdırıcı və karminativ vasitə kimi, həmçinin tonzillit (angina), öskürək, soyuqdəymə və yaraların müalicəsində istifadə olunur. ...
Dərman və aromatik bitkilər istər xalq təbabətində qədim zamanlardan bəri müxtəlif xəstəliklərin müalicəsində, istərsə də son yarım əsrdə əczaçılıq sənayesi və əlaqədar sahələrdə geniş istifadə olunur. Dərman bitkiləri üzərində son illərdə aparılan tədqiqatlar nəticəsində onlara olan tələbat, laboratoriya şəraitində sintez olunmuş sintetik dərmanlara nisbətən artmaqdadır. Bunun əsas səbəblərindən biri bu sintetik dərmanların orqanizmdə morfo-fizioloji dəyişikliklər və əksər hallarda morfo-genetik pozuntulara yol açmasıdır. Digər tərəfdən isə dərman və aromatik tərkibli bitkilərin eyni vaxtda bir neçə təbii təsirə malik olması və bir çox ölkələrin florasında geniş yayılmış bu bitkilərindən istifadə edərək daha asan və ucuz başa gələn müalicə üsulu əldə etmək istəkləridir. Azərbaycan florasında dərman və aromatik bitkilər 178 fəsiləyə aid ~1550 növlə
təmsil olunurlar ki, bu da respublikamızın florasına daxil olan ümumi bitki növlərinin ~34,3%-ni təşkil edir. Həm özünün növ sayına görə, həm də tərkibindəki dərman və aromatik bitkiləri ilə zəngin ən böyük fəsilələrindən biri dalamazkimilər Lamiaceae Lindl.-dir. Bu fəsilənin cinslərindən olan Salvia L. növləri dərman və aromatik xüsusiyyətlərinə malik olub, tərkibində terpenoidlər, flavanoidlər, antosianlar, tanenlər sterollar, karatinoidlər və kumarin tipli birləşmələri ehtiva etməkdədir. Bu xüsusiyyətlərini və Azərbaycan florasında zənginliyini nəzərə alaraq tədqiqat üçün Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) cinsininin dərman və aromatik bitkiləri götürülmüş, Azərbaycanda ilk dəfə olaraq cins səviyyəsində tədqiqatlar araşdırılmışdır. Bunun üçün Azərbaycan və həmsərhəd ölkələrin floralarında olan müvafiq növləri müqayisə edilmiş, onların dərman və aromatik növləri
təhlil edilmişdir. Bu tədqiqatlarımız davam etməkdədir. Son nomenklatur dəyişikliklər nəzərə alınmaqla Salvia L. cinsinə aid 13 növ dərman və aromatik, 1 növ yalnız dərman və 4 növün isə yalnız aromatik bitki növləri müəyyən olunmuşdur.
... Antik çağlardan bu yana tıbbi özellikleri ile bilinen Salvia bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımlarının infüzyonu ya da uçucu yağı soğuk algınlığı, öksürük, gingivit, diş ağrısı, boğaz ağrısı, mide ve karın ağrıları, diyare, diyabet, yüksek tansiyon, romatizma ve cilt hastalıklarına karşı kullanılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda damar büzücü, balgam söktürücü ve teskin edici olarak da kullanılmaktadır (Nakipoğlu & Oğuz, 1990, Skoula, El-Hilali, & Makris, 1999, Özdemir & Şenel, 2001. ...
... The outcomes indicated that there were many differences within the examined taxa in terms of the amount and arrangement of vascular bundles, as well as their shapes and lobed number. These results are consistent with the previous studies on vascular bundles in petioles of the various genera (Maksymowych et al., 1983;Senel, 1999 and2001). ...
This paper presents in detail petiole anatomy of 21 representatives of
tribe Alysseae, 5 of which are endemic from Turkey. In the examined
taxa, differences have found in the petiole shape, arrangement and
number of vascular bundles, and the presence of collenchyma. Petiole
shapes are in sulcate, circular, or flat types. The most common type is
sulcate with blunt or acute margins. The epidermises are in 1, 2 or
more layer. The number of vascular bundles in the examined taxa
varies between 1 (Berteroa mutabilis) and 9 (Alyssum strictum and A.
strigosum subsp. strigosum) in total. In addition, vascular bundles in
the middle are broadly or narrowly arc-shaped with 1-5 lobed. These
results display that the compared petiole anatomical characteristics
among the examined taxa are somewhat suitable to their delimitation
in traditional rank in the Flora of Turkey.
... The family Lamiaceae is widespread worldwide and includes 252 genera and 6800 species (Judd et al., 2009;De Oliveira et al., 2013). Due to their pleasant fragrances, produced in the glandular trichomes, many species are used in the herbal, food and cosmetic sectors (Akçin et al., 2011) and are widely employed in the folk medicine and as ornamentals (Baytop, 1999;Özdemir and Şenel, 2001). Scutellaria L., or Skullcap, is a genus comprising about 350 species with a cosmopolitan distribution (Paton, 1990;Pool, 2006) and mainly found in temperate areas. ...
In the context of a wide research project, a micromorphological and phytochemical characterization was performed on the vegetative and reproductive organs of Scutellaria caucasica A. Ham. (Lamiaceae), cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, BS, Lombardy, Italy). The morphological survey revealed the presence of both non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The latter belonged to three different morphotypes: peltate, short-stalked and long-stalked capitate. Histochemical assays demonstrated that the terpenes biosynthesis mainly took place in the peltates, while short-stalked capitates secreted only polysaccharides; the long-stalked ones mainly produced polysaccharides, coupled with terpene and polyphenolic fractions. An element of novelty was represented by the characterization of the VOC emission profile. Leaves and flowers showed differences in their emissions: the floral profile had a higher number of compounds than that of the leaves (37 vs 29), with a higher heterogeneity. The almost totality of the leaf profile was characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (98.8%), while the flowers presented a more varied composition, with sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (87.2%), monoterpenes (10.4% oxygenated, 1.8% hydrocarbons) and non-terpenes derivatives (0.6%). The most abundant compounds were γ-muurolene (42.6%) and β-caryophyllene (35.0%) in the leaves and in the flowers, respectively. In the flower headspace, 16 exclusive compounds were identified, among which germacrene D (31.7%) dominated; leaves had 8 exclusive compounds, with valencene (1.8%) as the most represented one. 21 common compounds were revealed: β-caryophyllene (34.1% leaves; 35.0% flowers), α-humulene (3.0% leaves; 3.1% flowers), alloaromadendrene (2.4% leaves; 1.0% flowers), α-copaene (2.1% leaves; 2.7% flowers) and β-copaene (2.2% leaves; 1.5% flowers) were the most abundant ones. γ-Muurolene relative abundances (42.6% leaves; 0.7% flowers) were very different between the two profiles.
Overall, this work represented the first multidisciplinary study on S. caucasica, combining a scientific research approach with the policies of the Open Science.
... . Ülkemizdeki Lamiaceae familyasının değişik cinslerine ait türler üzerinde yapılmış çok sayıda anatomik çalışma bulunmaktadır. (Kahraman ve ark., 2009(Kahraman ve ark., , 2010aÖzdemir ve Şenel, 1999-2001Baran ve Özdemir, 2009;Dinç ve ark., 2008aDinç ve ark., , ve b, 2009Dinç ve ark., , 2011Güvenç ve Duman, 2010;Özcan ve Ağaoğlu, 2014;Demirelma ve ark., 2018). Bununla birlikte Stachys cinsi üzerine yapılan anatomik çalışmalar kısıtlıdır (Uysal, 2002(Uysal, , 2003Dinç ve Öztürk, 2008a chamaesideritis, C. S. pumila, t: tüy, le: alt epidermis, ue: üst epidermis, gt: glandular tüy, co: kollenkima, sc: sklerankima, ph: floem, x: ksilem, pp: palizat parankiması, sp: sünger parankiması. ...
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren Infrarosularis Bhattacharjee seksiyonuna ait endemik Stachys pumila Banks ve Sol., S. citrina subsp. citrina ve S. citrina subsp. chamaesideritis taksonları, anatomik ve mikromorfolojik olarak çalışılmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Her üç taksona ait Türkiye’nin farklı yerlerinden toplanan örnekler çalışmanın materyalini teşkil etmiştir. Toplanan örneklerin bir kısmı herbaryum materyali haline getirilirken, bir kısmı da %70’lik alkol içinde muhafaza edilmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalar için alkol içindeki örneklerden manuel olarak gövde ve yaprak enine kesitleri ile yaprak yüzeysel kesitleri alınmış ve daimi preparat haline getirilmiştir. Anatomik deskripsiyonlar ve tüy morfolojileri daimi preparatların incelenmesi ve çekilen fotoğrafların değerlendirilmesi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, anatomik karakterler ve tüy morfolojisi karakterlerinin yakın akraba türler olan S. citrina ile S. pumila’nın taksonomik sınıflandırılmasında değere sahip olduğunu, fakat S. citrina’nın alt türlerinin ayrımında değerlerinin sınırlı olduğunu göstermiştir.
... There are limited information regarding anatomy of Salvia genus under different environmental conditions. Recent studies have been done on the anatomical structure of few Salvia species (Baran and Ozdemir, 2006, Kahraman et al., 2009, 2009a, 2010a, 2010b, Özdemir and Şenel, 2001. Morphological, anatomical and palynological characteristics of Salvia halophile were previously studied by . ...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal gradients on the anatomy of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. (Lamiaceae). The S. limbata species were collected from their natural habitats from various regions of West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The thickness of cuticle, collenchymas, phloem, xylem and pith of stem and leaf thickness were measured. Moreover, width, length and number of stomata on both adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces were analyzed. Statistical analyses were done on a completely randomized design. The results indicated that by increasing altitude leaf thickness increased from 239.1 to 300.1 µm. Number of leaf epidermal cells was also increased in higher altitude on both upper (4.30 to 5.61) and lower (1.05 to 6.55) epidermal surfaces. The results confirmed that more stomata on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis in high altitude samples were associated with presence of narrower and longer stomata on their leaves. Significant differences in the cuticle, collenchyma, xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith thickness in the stem were observed in all the six studied populations. At higher altitudes thicker cuticle, increased number of collenchyma and wider xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith were detected. Plants in Mahlamlu region had the thickest studied parameters and plants in Kabudan Island region had the thinnest tissues.
... This feature is important in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (Nakipoglu, 1993). A series of research studies are being conducted to examine the karyological, anatomical, morphological, palynological and phylogeny characteristics of some species belonging to Lamiaceae (Nakipoglu, 1993;Koca, 1996;Özdemir and Senel, 2001;Baran and Özdemir, 2006Baran and Özdemir, , 2009Baran and Özdemir, , 2011Baran and Özdemir, , 2013Özkan and Özdemir, 2008;Özkan et al., 2009;Baran et al., 2010;Özdemir, 2011;Bendiksby et al., 2011). The purpose of this paper is to determine and numerically compare the hairs of the investigated taxa. ...
In this study, glandular and aglandular hairs were examined and compared numerically in the vegatative and reproductive organs of Salvia viridis, Salvia verticillata subsp. amasiaca, Salvia virgata, Phlomis pungens var. pungen, Phlomis pungens var. hispida, Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica, Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea, Teucrium scordium subsp. scordioides. It has been observed that all taxa which are collected Western and Northern Anatolia have glandular hairs and aglandular hairs of various shapes, size and modes of secretion. The hairs variations in eight Lamiaceae taxa were been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). It was also found that the results from numerical analysis of the hairs characters can provide additional evidences for the recognition of the taxa.
... rhodium is filled with primary xylem which can be qualified as metaxylem in structure and the diameter of the vessels is normally larger than both the two perennials (Baran & Özdemir, 2011). It is reported in the literature that the root center is filled with primary xylem in some Lamiaceae members (Özdemir & Şenel, 1999;Uysal, 2002;Baran & Özdemir, 2006;Özdemir et al., 2008) in contrast to some others (Özdemir & Şenel, 2001;Baran et al., 2008). Endodermis of the root is indistinguishable as in the root of L. moschatum var. ...
Morphological and anatomical features of endemic Lamium pisidicum R. Mill (Lamiaceae) were studied. L. pisidicum is a perennial with a taproot system. The stem is ascending to erect in position and clearly quadrangular in shape. The leaves are ovate to broadly ovate or rarely reniform in shape. Verticillasters are 2-14 flowered. The corolla is pinkish-purple to mauve and the upper lip is deeply bifid and the tube is without annulus. The stigma is bifid. The stamens are didynamus. Anatomically, spring and autumn woods are distinguishable in the root structure of the perennial taxon. There is a well-developed collenchymatous layer at the corners of the stem and a pith hollow in the centre. In the petiole cross-section, 1-2 layered collenchyma layer is located at the corners while 3 central vascular bundles are located in the middle and 1 vascular bundle at the petiolar wings. The leaf is bifacial. Each anther is of two thecae and each theca is of 2 pollen sacs. Pollen type is trizonocolpate and pollen shape is spheroidal. The cross-section of seed is triangular. Glandular hairs distributed on the plant species are classified into 2 main types, peltate and capitate. Furthermore, capitate glandular hairs are seperated into 2 types, type I and type II. Somatic chromosomes are counted as 2n=18 for the first time in this study.
... Some species are traditionally used as medicinal plants (Baytop, 1984). It was reported that some Ajuga L. and Salvia L. species are cultivated as ornamental plants (Baytop, 1984;Özdemir and Şenel, 2001;Akçin et al., 2006). In addition to this, Lamiaceae has great importance due to its economical value and its variety of species. ...
Ajuga orientalis (Lamiaceae), with a wide distribution area in Turkey, is a traditionally used medicine in the treatment of some skin diseases in Anatolia. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, leaf, petiole, calyx and corolla of medicinal species of A. orientalis in cross sections. As a result of the study, it was found out that the pith rays of the root composed 3 to 4 rowed cells and stem was quadrangular. The shape of pith cell in the stem was ovaidal-polygon. There were glandular and non-glandular hairs on the surface layers on stem, leaves, petiole, calyx and corolla. Starch particles were also detected in the cortex cells of stem. The stomata were diastatic and the leaf was bifacial. There were one big vascular bundle in the center and 4 to 5 small vascular bundles on each corner of the petiole. It was also determined that adaxial epidermis cell shapes of corolla are papillose type.
Key words: Ajuga orientalis, anatomy, medicinal plant, Turkey.
... rhodium (Baran & Özdemir, 2011). The anatomical analysis given in this work provides the first detailed description of L. cymbalariifolium, which is comparable with findings of Metcalfe and Chalk (1972), some Lamium species (Baran & Özdemir, 2009;Baran & Özdemir, 2011;Celep et al. 2011 ) and some other investigated Lamiaceae members (Çobanoğlu, 1988;Çobanoğlu et al. 1992, Özdemir & Şenel, 19992001;Kaya & Başer, 2002;Uysal, 2002;Baran & Özdemir, 2006;Dinç & Öztürk, 2008). According to Metcalfe and Chalk (1972), pith rays of Lamiaceae family are 2 _ 12 or more rowed and quite heterogeneous in structure. ...
In this study, some morphological characters, anatomical features and chromosome numbers of alpine Lamium cymbalariifolium Boiss. (Lamiaceae) endemic to Turkey are firstly described in detail. Lamium cymbalariifolium is an east mediterrenean element growing on north-facing limestone screes at an altitude of 2100-2280m in the Southwest Anatolia. The investigated species is closely allied to L. microphyllum and L. sandrasicum which are other alpine endemic species to Turkey. Taxonomically significant characters for L. cymbalariifolium are tried to be pointed out. Morphologically, the corolla tube length, the upper lip length, lobe length of the upper lip, the lower lip length and lobe length of the lower lip, the length of pistil, filament, anther and the seed dimensions of the species are firstly reported in the present study. Anatomically, spring and autumn woods of the root, which are forming annual rings are clearly distinguishable. Stem has a thin collenchymatous layer at the corners whereas does not bear any extraxilar sclerenchyma tissue. Leaf is bifacial. Prismatic crystals occur in leaf and generative organs. Pollen type is trizonocolpate and pollen shape is subprolate. Cross-section of seed is triangular. Glandular hairs are classified into two main types, peltate and capitate. Furthermore, capitate glandular hairs are separated into two types, as type I and type II. The chromosome number is determined as 2n=18. The results are presented with photographs, illustrations and tables.
... The previous reports of leaves anatomical and micromorphological studies were related to morphological, leaves Anatomical and karyological studies on S. blepharoclaena [5], micromorphological, anatomical and pollen ornamentation studies on four desert species of Salvia in center of Iran [6] and anatomical research on S. viridis and S. nemorosa, S. nutans, S. sobrogensis [7][8]. Moreover anatomical characters of S. sclarea and S. forskahlei were studied by Ozdemir et al. [9][10]. In the present research, leaves anatomical and micromorphological characters of 10 Salvia species in NE Iran were evaluated for the first time. ...
his study has examined anatomical and micromorphological characters of leaves of 10
Salvia species growing in the north east of Iran. For anatomical study, the matured dry leaves
were selected and fixed in FAA solution. Manual cross sections of the leaves were prepared and
stained by differential staining. For leaves micromorphological study, the epidermal cells and
trichomes were noticed by SEM. Some differences were perceived in the shape of midribs outline,
the number of collenchymous and parenchymous cell layers and the shape of sclerenchymous
tissue above the phloem in the midrib. As to the leaves micromorphological findings, the
differences between the shape of trichomes on the leaves surface were observed. According to the
results, the shape of midribs outline were recognizable between the studied species.
... The paraffin method was applied for preparing cross-sections of the plant organs. The classification of glandular and eglandular hairs was made according to Werker et al. (1985) and Özdemir and Senel (2001). In almost all species studied, two main types of glandular hairs, peltate and capitate, occur which can be distinguished by their head size and stalk length. ...
The present study describes the procedure for micropropagation of Dracocephalum kotschyi L. using shoot tips from in vitro-germinated plants. The best response was observed for shoot tips on MS medium containing 5 mg 6-benzylaminopurine L−1 and 0.2 mg 1-naphthaleneacetic L−1 acid. Regeneration for other types of the explant hypocotyls and cotyledons did not show satisfactory results so that the explants did not develop into normal shoots and in turn developed into the calli after 12 days of culture. Histochemical analysis showed that only the shoot tip revealed a direct induction of more teratological protuberances that arise around the cut end of the explants. Elongation of shoot buds was obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg BAP L−1 + 0.5 mg IBA L−1. Regenerated shoots rooted best on the same medium of elongation. After hardening, the rooted plants were transferred to the greenhouse where they grew, matured, and flowered normally with a survival rate of 95%. We concluded that the present protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation of Dracocephalum kotschyi.
... Many researchers examined the glandular hairs and they found two main types, peltate and capitate hairs on some Salvia species (Werker et al. 1985, Kesercioğlu and Nakipoğlu 1992, Özdemir and Şenel 2001. Werker et al. (1985) for the first time classified capitate hairs as type I, II and III according to their secretion mode. ...
Distribution of glandular and eglandular hairs on the aerial organs of Salvia recognita Fisch. & Mey. has been investigated. Glandular hairs of S. recognita have consisted of capitate and peltate hairs. Capitate hairs were present abundantly on all aerial parts of S. recognita while peltate hairs were only present on stem, leaf, bract and calyx. Eglandular hairs were also widespread on all aerial parts. Key words: Salvia recognita, Lamiaceae, Glandular hairs, Eglandular hairs, Endemic doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1571 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 93-95, 2008 (June)
... The appearance of the young leaves, which are very hairy, may have played a role in the folk 'perception' of the external medical properties of the species (Pieroni et al., 2004). Most of Salvia species have not been investigated in point of morphological and anatomical characters, except a few species (Cobanoglu, 1988; Nakipoglu and Oguz, 1990; Cobanoglu et al., 1992, Ozdemir and Senel, 1999; Ozdemir and Senel, 2001; Ceja-Romeo et al., 2005; Novoa et al., 2005, Baran and Ozdemir, 2006; Kaya et al., 2007). In addition there are the papers dealing with glandular hairs and essential oil characteristics of Salvia species (Venkatachalam et al., 1984; Chakalov et al., 1993; Serrato-Valenti et al., 1997; Bisio et al., 1999; Corsi and Bottega, 1999; Kaya et al., 2003; Avato et al., 2005; Krstic et al., 2006). ...
In this study, the morphological and anatomical properties of Salvia tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss. (Lamiaceae) which is endemic to Turkey was investigated. S. tchihatcheffii has a perennial taproot. In contrast to the other Salvia species that was investigated before the plant has two different stem as fertile and sterile stem with round in shape. Sterile stem is prostrate, leafy, fertile stem is procumbent-ascending, unbranched. The stamen type of the plant is A. We observed that in cross-section sterile stem three different cortex layer, with one of them is formed as crescent shape. In addition, the glandular hairs of the investigated species are classified. Other anatomical features are discussed too. The results are presented with photographs, drawings and tables. INTRODUCTON Many species of Lamiaceae are aromatic and often used as herbs, spices, folk medicines and a source of fra-grance (Werker et al., 1985). Salvia, the largest genus of the family Lamiaceae, represents an enormous and cos-mopolitan assemblage of nearly 1000 species displaying a remarkable range of variation. The genus comprises 500 specie. in Central and South America, 250 species in Central Asia/Mediterranean and 90 species in Eastern Asia (Walker et al., 2004). Turkey is a major diversity centre for Salvia in Asia (Vural and Adıguzel, 1996). Since the most recent works of the genus in Turkey, four new species have been described; the total has now reached 90. Forty seven of these Salvia species in Turkey are endemic (Hedge, 1982; Davis et al., 1988; Dönmez, 2001; Hamzaoglu et al., 2005). Salvia species are important group of useful plants which have not lose their importance since ancient times.
Nine taxa of Lamiaceae family including three of the genus Clinopodium (C. vulgare subsp.
vulgareL., C. vulgare subsp. arundanum Boiss. ,C. umbrosum (M. B.) C. Koch. and C.
congstum Boiss. & Hausskn ex. Boiss., two of Hymenocrater Fish. & Mey.
(H,longiflorusBenth. and H. bituminosus Fish & C. A. Mey ) and Melissa officinalis
subsp.fficinalis L. , M. officinalis subsp. altissima (SM.) and M. officinalis subsp. inodora
(Bornm.)were studied the anatomy of stem, leaf, including petiole and trichomes for all taxa
were investigated. Anatomy of stem showed valuable characteristics in the distribution of
angular collenchyma, vascular bundles and the thickness of cuticle. Variations were recorded
among petiole cross section, vascular strands, in their shapes and number. The anatomical
study in cross sections of blade leaves showed that the epidermis were uniserate, plane and
consist of one row with shapes of tetra-angled, rectangle, ovate and irregular or polygonal.
The mesophyll layers were distinguished in two layers in all studied genera. Detailed study
was made for trichomes glandular and non-glandular hairs which showed variation in their
types, position, dimension and basal cell number. These variations were important in
classification of each species for the studied genera... This study was done for the first time on
these taxa in Iraq.
Key words: Lamiaceae , Clinopodium L., Hymenocrater Fish.& Mey.and Melissa L., angular
collenchymas , anatomical study
Salvia argentea of the family Lamiaceae, is a perennial plant, native to Mediterranean region, which spontaneously grows in Algerian highlands regions. The bioactive substances obtained from S. argentea have promising prospects and make it possible to propose different solutions, due to their great heterogeneity and bioactivity for such diverse applications. This article reviews the botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition and uses in traditional medicine of S. argentea. This study is a useful synthesis for further research and improvement of various properties of S. argentea secondary metabolites.
Leaves of thirty cultivars of Mangifera indica L. were investigated to compare their anatomical variations and identify the characteristic features which are potential markers for the identification of the cultivars. Variations were noted in the thickness of cuticle, length of epidermal cells in the abaxial and adaxial surfaces, length of palisade and spongy tissue.
The root, trunk and leaf anatomy of four taxa of Scutellaria albida namely, S. albida subsp. albida, S. albida subsp. velenovskyi, S. albida subsp. colchica and S. albida subsp. condensata were examined. The aim is to determine whether these characters can be used for systematic purposes. The roots displays a typical stele structure in all studied taxa. But their number of pith rays are different in each taxa. The stems of S. albida taxa have square like transection, collateral vascular bundles, parenchymatous pith and show 1-2 layered epidermis coated with thick cuticle. S. albida subsp. condensata has papillate epicuticular wax on its stem cuticle layer. In all taxa angular collenchyma, and cambium forming phloem outward and xylem inward are observed. The leaves are hypostomatic, have single rowed epidermis coated with thick cuticle and show dorsiventral mesophyll in all studied taxa. S. albida subsp. velenovskyi has echinate epicuticular wax on its leaf cuticle layer, but the others have smooth cuticle layer. The midrib shows one collateral bundles in all taxa but the shape of median veins of the leaf blade show variation in each taxa. Some of the anatomical characters viz. the number of pith rays of roots, the number of palisade parenchyma layer, plant cuticles covered by wax, the shape of median veins of the leaf blade and stomata index, provide information of taxonomical significance for these taxa.
Leaves of thirty cultivars of Mangifera indica L. were investigated to compare their anatomical variations and identify the characteristic features which are potential markers for the identification of the cultivars. Variations were noted in the thickness of cuticle, length of epidermal cells in the abaxial and adaxial surfaces, length of palisade and spongy tissue. The length of epidermal cell varied from 10 µm in ‘Goto’ to 25 µm in ‘Desi’ cultivars on adaxial side, while on the abaxial side it varied from 15.5 µm in ‘Alphonso’ to 6.9 µm in ‘Sopari’. The palisade tissue length was maximum in ‘Jahangir’ (111.36 µm), while it was lowest in ‘Fazli’ (24.13 µm). Spongy tissue length was the highest in ‘Jamadar’ (199.92 µm) and lowest in ‘Fazli’ (90.55 µm). Two layers of palisade tissue were seen in ‘Sindoria’, ‘Jhumakhiya 2’, ‘Aambadi’, ‘Neelam’, ‘Rajapuri’, ‘Fazli’, ‘Jahangir’, ‘Kaju’, and ‘Aamir pasand’, while three layers were seen in ‘Alphonso’, ‘Jamadar’, ‘Ladvo’, ‘Sopari’ and ‘Dudhpendo’. Such parameters can be used for distinctly differentiating varieties among them and thus have an exact identification when morphological features are indistinguishable.
Nine taxa of Lamiaceae family including three of the genus Clinopodium (C. vulgare subsp. vulgareL., C. vulgare subsp. arundanum Boiss. ,C. umbrosum (M. B.) C. Koch. and C. congstum Boiss. & Hausskn ex. Boiss., two of Hymenocrater Fish. & Mey. (H,longiflorusBenth. and H. bituminosus Fish & C. A. Mey) and Melissa officinalis subsp.fficinalis L. , M. officinalis subsp. altissima (SM.) and M. officinalis subsp. inodora (Bornm.)were studied the anatomy of stem, leaf, including petiole and trichomes for all taxa were investigated. Anatomy of stem showed valuable characteristics in the distribution of angular collenchyma, vascular bundles and the thickness of cuticle. Variations were recorded among petiole cross section, vascular strands, in their shapes and number. The anatomical study in cross sections of blade leaves showed that the epidermis were uniserate, plane and consist of one row with shapes of tetra-angled, rectangle, ovate and irregular or polygonal. The mesophyll layers were distinguished in two layers in all studied genera. Detailed study was made for trichomes glandular and non-glandular hairs which showed variation in their types, position, dimension and basal cell number. These variations were important in classification of each species for the studied genera... This study was done for the first time on these taxa in Iraq.
In this study, morphological and anatomical features of two varieties of Phlomis pungens Wild. (P. pungens Wild. var. pungens and P. pungens Wild. var. hispida Hub.-Mor.) were investigated and compared. In addition, glandular and eglandular hairs were examined and classified. We observed that hair types of the two varieties were different. Both varieties of P. pungens had Type I capitate glandular hairs while Type III capitate hairs which had a cup-like head cell were only present on P. pungens var. hispida.
The antimicrobial compounds were extracted from two marine microalgae namely Nanochloropsis oculata and Chaetoceros calcitrans using different organic solvents. The efficiency of those extracts on aquatic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Among the extracts obtained from microalgae, chloroform + methanol (2:1) extract of N. oculata and butanolic extract of C. calcitrans had the maximum inhibiting activity against all tested aquatic pathogens. Most effective crude extracts were again purified by column chromatography and inhibitory activity of the eluted fractions tested against same pathogens. Active fraction was analyzed through FTIR for knowing its functional group. Column purified extracts of antimicrobials obtained from N. oculata was found to be light sensitive compound which was activated at an intensity of 200 lux for 18 h. Analysis on mode of activity showed inhibition of cell wall formation in the pathogen. Identified active functional groups were carboxyl and nitro group in N. oculata and nucleoside compound in C. calcitrans.
In this study, anatomical structures of the petiole of 7 taxa viz., Glechoma hederacea L., Origanum vulgare L., Scutellaria salviifolia Bentham, Ajuga reptans L., Prunella vulgaris L., Lamium purpureum L. var. purpureum, Salvia verbenaca L., Salvia viridis L., Salvia virgata Jacq., belonging to the Lamicaceae family were examined and compared. In all the studied taxa, some differences were found in the petiole shape, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, hair types and the presence of collenchyma. G. hederaceae, S. virgata and O. vulgare consist of a total of 3 vascular bundles, with a big bundle in the middle of the petiole and a single small vascular bundle in each corner. P. vulgaris has 5 vascular bundles. S. verbenaca has a total of 11 vascular bundles, with a big bundle positioned in the middle. L. purpureum L. var, purpureum consists of 4 vascular bundles. S. salviifolia has 3 vascular bundles. A. reptans has a total of 9 vascular bundles, with 1 big bundle in the middle. S. viridis consists of 7 vascular bundles. Petiole has glandular and eglandular hairs. Eglandular hairs consist of capitate hairs, whereas peltate hairs are only found in S. salviifolia.
Some morphological, anatomical, palynological and karyological features of Lamium multifidum and L. orientale (Lamiaceae) naturally occurring in Turkey have been studied. Additional information was added to the previous description of these species. Anatomically, both L. multifidum and L. orientale had an annual taproot, stems quadrangular in cross-section, leaves bifacial. The nutlets were ovoid in outline and trigonous in cross section, blackish-dark brownish, with glabrous surface. The pollen grains of both species were tricolpate, shape subprolate, ornamentation reticulate. In both species, the somatic chromosome number resulted 2n = 14. The anatomical and palynological features, chromosome number and morphological characters of both species were reported for the first time in this study.
The present paper undertakes the study of the essential oils (EO) composition and trichomes distribution, morphology and anatomy of the aerial organs of Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. which is an aromatic and medicinal species originating from Sfax (Tunisia). In fact, three morphologically distinct types of trichomes which are non-glandular trichomes, capitates glandular trichomes and peltate ones were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Besides, the essential oils (EO) were extracted by hydrodistillation and their compositions were determined by Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). While in flowers and leaves beta-citronellol was the dominant component of their EOs with 24.21% and 19.2%, respectively, in stems the EO was mainly composed of delta-selinene (14.21%).
The glandular trichomes morphology, volatile composition and antimicrobial activity of the aerial parts of three endemic Scutellaria taxa [S. cypria var. cypria Rechinger, S. cypria var. elatior Meikle and S. sipthorpii (Benth.) Hal.] from Lamiaceae were investigated. Examined species posses two morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes. Capitate trichomes were observed in all three taxa. Peltate glandular trichomes had a large secretory head forming 1 central and 3-8 peripheral cells. Peltate trichomes were observed only in S. cypria var. elatior's petiole. The volatiles and the essential oil mixtures of three taxa were obtained by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus with a 0.26-0.47 % (v/w) yield. Their analyses were performed by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. Identification of these compounds was exhibited by comparison of their mass spectra, relative retention indices and some literature records. In total, 23 components were identified. While, total volatile percentages were detected as 99.99 %, the essential oil yield ranged between 34.64 and 92.25 % for 3 species. Trans-caryophyllene (22.58 %) and germacren-D (42.01 %) were detected as major components for S. sibthorpii Eugenol (23.05 %) and palmitic acid (27.00 %) were the main components for S. cypria var. cypria Additionally, S. cypria var. elatior has a considerable amount of linalool and palmitic acid as 10.92 % and 46.76 %, respectively. The MIC values of the volatiles ranged as 10-20 mg/mL against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. C. albicans was found as the most resistant yeast-like fungus with a MIC values higher than 20 mg/mL.
The morphological and anatomical characters of Salvia napifolia Jacq. of the family Lamiaceae have been investigated. The plant has a perennial taproot, the stem is erect and quadrangular. Leaves are simple, occasionally lyrate, inflorescence is its verticillate cyme, corolla is lilac-white. Stems, leaves, petioles and flowers have glandular and eglandular hairs. In the anatomical research, cross-sections of root, stem, leaf and petiole have been examined. Roots with thick pariderns, cortex multilayered sclerenchyma groups above pholoam, cambium not clear, no pith as center of root filled with xylem, distinct pith rays. Stem with collenchymatous hypodermis, sclerenchyma group above vascular bundles, vascular bundles at corners large and lobed, large pith with interrupted pith rays. Leaves with diacytic stomata both on abaxial and adaxial epidermis. Anatomy of petiole, calyx, corolla has also been investigated.
In this study, anatomical and palynological features of the roots, stems, petiole and leaves of Salvia willeana (Holmboe) Hedge and Salvia veneris Hedge, Salvia species endemic to Cyprus, were investigated. In the anatomical characteristics of stem structures, it was found that the chlorenchyma composed of 6 or 7 rows of cells which was beneath the epidermis of S. veneris, whereas S. willeana did not have such a tissue. While the transverse section of the leaf of S. veneris had either a single large vascular bundle or a two-lobe vascular bundle in the midrib, there was only a single large vascular bundle in that of S. willeana. While there were 2-or-3-piece vascular bundles in the center and three-piece vascular bundles at the corners of the petiole of S. veneris, there was a single large vascular bundle in the center and two vascular bundles at the corners of the petiole of S. willeana. It was determined that pollens belonging to both taxa had hexazonocolpate, subprolate, semitectate structure and showed bireticulate ornamentation. However, the number of lumina in the secondary reticulum of S. willeana was fewer than ten while it was more than ten in S. veneris.
The ecological and phytochemical characteristics of Lamium amplexicaule L., the most frequently
occurring weedy invasive species in the fields of winter crops area studied in El-
Dakahliya Governorate.
Vegetation analysis showed that, most of the associated species were annual weeds which are
almost related to wet sandy loam, well-drained, fertile, non-saline and slightly alkaline soils. The
total plant cover of twenty representative stands of Lamium community ranged between 50-80%.
Phytochemically, the mean values of primary metabolites were detected. The GC-MS analyses
of essential oil and investigation of vitamins content were also carried out. The nutritive value of
L. amplexicaule leaves was 370.4 Cal. /100g.
Allan, Yasin and Canan Ozdemir (Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey; email cozdemir13@hotmail.com). MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT EMPETRUM NIGRUM L. SUBSP. HERMAPHRODITUM (HAGERUP) BOCHER (EMPETRACEAE). Economic Botany 58(4):679-683, 2004. The study is based on anatomical and morphological investigations of Empetrum nigrum L. subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Bocher, an important plant because of its value for medicine and food. Plant samples were collected from the northeastern part of Turkey. Morphological and anatomical features of various plant parts (e.g., stem, leaf flower, and fruit) are illustrated and described in detail.
The morphology, anatomy and distribution of glandular trichomes on the aerial organs of Salvia smyrnea L. endemic to Turkey have been investigated with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This species is evaluated in endangered (EN) category. Two morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes were determined. Various types of capitate glandular trichomes consist of a 1–4 celled base, a 1–8 stalk celled or no stalk and a uni- or bicellular head.In capitate trichomes the neck cell that has an important role especially for xeromorfic plants, acting to prevent the backflow of secreted substance through the apoplast, has been distinctively observed in the investigated species. The capitate trichomes were present abundantly on all aerial organs of S. smyrnea. Peltate glandular trichomes had a large secretory head comprising 1–2 central and 4,6, 8–10 peripheral cells. This study pointed out that S. smyrnea was of rich glandular trichomes in point of diversity and quantity.
Anatomical properties of two morphologically distinct forms (Form I: with violet coma and Form II: without coma or with white, green or pink coma) of Salvia viridis L. have been studied. The analysis provided here studying the cross-sections of root, stem, leaf, petiole, bract, calyx and corolla comprises the first detailed description for the species. The results are furnished with photographs and drawings. Although no anatomical differences were observed between the forms, S. viridis showed some differences from other Salvia species.
In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of Lamium lycium Boiss. (Lamiaceae) are described in detail. L. lycium has a perennial tap-root, and the stem is ascending and clearly quadrangular. The leaves are simple and broadly ovate to narrowly ovate in shape. The inflorescense is a verticillate cyme. The corolla is purple and the upper lip is hooded. For anatomy, the cross-sections of root, stem, leaf, petiole, calyx, corolla and generative organs were examined and the anatomical features of the taxon are discussed. The morphological features were in most respects congruent with previous reports. However, the anatomy of L. lycium has not been studied before and the results are here compared with trose of previous studies on other members of Lamiaceae. Furthermore, glandular trichomes are illustrated. The results are presented with photographs and tables.
In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of endemic Lamium moschatum Miller var. rhodium (Gand.) R. Mill (Lamiaceae) are described in detail. Lamium moschatum var. rhodium has an annual taproot. The stem is erect and clearly quadrangular. The leaves are broadly ovate to cordate-ovate or nearly
suborbicular in shape. Inflorescense is verticillate cyme. The corolla is white and the tube is curved and bears an annulus
inside, near the base. Cross-sections of the root, stem, petiole, leaf, calyx, corolla and generative organs were examined
and the anatomical features of the taxon are discussed. Furthermore, glandular hairs distributed on the plant taxon are shown.
In karyological research, chromosome numbers were determined as 2n = 18. The results are presented with photographs and tables.
Key words
Lamium moschatum var. rhodium
–anatomy–cytology–Lamiaceae–morphology
Salvia macrochlamys Boiss. & Kotschy, which belongs to sect. Salvia Hedge, is a perennial herb usually growing on rocky limestone slopes in eastern Anatolia. In this study, the anatomical features
of the root, the stem, the leaf and the petiole, as well as micromorphological characteristics of the pollen and the nutlet
of this species have been investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, its emended and expanded description,
phenology, current distribution and ecology are also given. Anatomical characters such as the number of ray lines in the root,
the distance between vascular bundles in the stem, the structure of mesophyll in the leaf and the structure of vascular bundles
in the petiole have been found to have taxonomic value. The pollen grains are hexacolpate, radially symmetrical, isopolar
and oblate-spheroidal. Their exine sculpturing is bireticulate and perforate. The nutlets are rounded-trigonous in transverse
sections, broadly ovate to rotund in shape, light brown, glabrous and slightly rough to protuberances. This species often
grows in habitats in which the main soil type is sandy-clayish with low organic content (1.32 ± 1.06%) and slightly alkaline
(pH 7.75 ± 0.25). The amount of CaCO3 is 0.94% to 34.91%. The contents of P and K are 8.68 ± 0.96 and 110.12 ± 4.86 ppm, respectively.
Key words
Salvia macrochlamys
-Labiatae-anatomy-morphology-nutlet-palynology
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