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114 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141
Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com
International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 3(4): July-August 2014
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL
PHARMACY AND BIO SCIENCES
IMPACT FACTOR 1.89***
ICV 5.13***
Pharmaceutical Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE……!!!
EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Annona squamosa FOR
ITS ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY AGAINST PYLORUS LIGATION INDUCED
GASTRICULCER MODEL
Gunji Venkateswarlu* 1, G. Swarupa Rani2, Dr. D. Nagasatish Babu3 , K.Mallikarjuna Reddy4
Dr. J.N.Suresh kumar5
1*Assistant Prof Department of Pharmacognosy Narasaraopeta Institute of
Pharmaceuticalsciences,Narasaraopeta,Guntur Dist,Andhrapradesh.
2,4.Assistant Prof Department of Pharmacology Narasaraopeta Institute of
Pharmaceuticalsciences,narasaraopeta,Guntur Dist,Andhrapradesh
3Assistant Prof Department of Pharmacy practice Narasaraopeta Institute of
Pharmaceuticalsciences,narasaraopeta,Guntur Dist,Andhrapradesh
5Principal. Narasaraopeta Institute of Pharmaceuticalsciences,narasaraopeta,Guntur
Dist,Andhrapradesh.
KEYWORDS:
Peptic ulcer, Annona
squamosa seed, Acid-
Pepsin Secretion.
For Correspondence:
Gunji Venkateswarlu*
Address: Assistant Prof
Department of
Pharmacognosy,
Narasaraopet, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Narasaraopeta,Guntur
Dist,Andhrapradesh.
E mail id:
venkateswarlugunji@gm
ail.com
ABSTRACT
Peptic ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases.
The exact Causes of peptic ulcer disease is not known but it may be
result from an imbalance between acid-pepsin Secretion and mucosal
defence factors. Peptic ulcer disease occurs mainly due to
consumption of NSAIDs, infection by H. pylori. Aqueous extract of
Annona squamosa seed in a dose of 100 and 200mg/kg. After 45 min
of aqueous extract of Annona squamosaseed and ranitidine
treatment, pyloric ligation was be done by ligation the pyloric end of
stomach of rats of respective groups under ether anesthesia. After 4
hr. of surgery, rats were sacrificed and ulcer score was done. Gastric
juice was collected and gastric secretions studied were performed
Annona squamosa extract showed significant reduction in ulcer
index, free acidity, total acidity and gastric volume but raised PH of
gastric Juice as compared to the control groups. It was showing
protection index 34.31% and 72.20% at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg
respectively compared with standard drugs ranitidine showed
79.60%.Plant extracts are some of the most attractive sources of new
drugs and have shown promising results in the treatment of gastric
ulcers.
115 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141
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INTRODUCTION:
Plant based drugs are one of the most important cultural and traditional parts of the people. Today,
most of the world population depends upon plant based drugs for their primary health care needs.
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the people living in developing countries
almost exclusively use traditional medicines plant. The Ethno-pharmacological approach provides
the way for developing new drugs from plants sources, which have historical background.Although
modern medicines may be available, due to socio-economical, cultural and historical reasons, these
drugs have maintained their importance.1
Peptic ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The exact Causes of peptic ulcer
disease is not known but it may be result from an imbalance between acid-pepsin Secretion and
mucosal defence factors. Peptic ulcer disease occurs mainly due to consumption of NSAIDs,
infection by H. pylori, stress or due to pathological condition such as zollinger – Ellison Syndrome.2
The plant Annona squamosa Linn. Belongs to Annonaceae family. It is small, semi-deciduous tree,
found throughout India. It is traditionally used in anti-tumor, anti- diabetic and antilipidaemic
activity. The bark can be used stop diarrhoea in children and adults. Fruit is used to make a hair
tonic. The plant is reported to contain 1-tritriacontanol (1)(17), (+)-o-methyl armepavine (2)(15), N-
methyl corydaldine (3)(18),lanuginosone (4)(19,20),(+)anomuricine (5)(21),isocorydine (6)(22),N-
methy1-6,7-dimethoxy isoquinolone (7)(23),6,7-dimethoxy-2- methyl iosqninolinium(8)(24,25),13-
sitosterol(9)and3-sitosterol-3-043-D-glucopyranoside(10)(26),1-(443-D glucopyranosylixypheny1)2
(3Dglucopyranosyloxy)ethane (11)(26) and Rutin.3 In the present study, we screened the seed
extracts of Annona squamosa for antiulcer activity.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
PLANT MATERIAL:
Annona squamosaseed were collected from Chitoor region. It was then properly identified by the
Botanist Prof.P.Jayaraman, Plant Anatomy Research Centre, Tambaram, Chennai. He confirmed and
authenticated its identity. A voucher specimen has been reserved in the Department of
Pharmacognosy, Narasaraopet institute of pharmaceutical science ,Narasaraopeta.
Preparation of extract:The powder obtained was soaked in distilled water for 24 hours in percolator.
After 24 hours it was allowed to percolate slowly and extract was collected in Petri dishes.5 The
extract was concentrated in vaccum using rotary flash evaporator and the extract was suspended in
1% gum acacia as vehicle in this experiment.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical
Qualitative screening to evaluate the presence of various primary or secondary metabolites following
standard procedures.4
116 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141
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Acute oral toxicity studies: Acute oral toxicity study for aqueous extract of Annona squamosa leaves
was carried out as per OECD guideline 425.
EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS:
Wistar rats of either sex weighing between 180-250 gm were used. Institutional Animal Ethics
Committee approved the experimental protocol; animals were maintained under standard conditions
in an animal house approved by Committee for the Purpose of Control, and Supervision on
Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA).5
EVALUATION OF ANTI -ULCER ACTIVITY
PYLORIC LIGATION-INDUCED ULCER
Animal are divided in to four groups, each contain 6 animals (mention in above method).Group I
having pyloric ligation and received distilled water orally. Groups II received ranitidine (20 mg/kg)
as reference drug for ulcer protective study. Group III and IV received aqueous extract of Annona
squamosa seed in a dose of 100 and 200mg/kg. After 45 min of aqueous extract of Annona
squamosa seed and ranitidine treatment, pyloric ligation was be done by ligation the pyloric end of
stomach of rats of respective groups under ether anesthesia. Animal were allowed to recover and
stabilize in individual case and were deprived of water during post operative surgery. After 4 hr. of
surgery, rats were sacrificed and ulcer score was done. Gastric juice was collected and gastric
secretions studied were performed
STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS
Statistical analysis was carried out by using ANOVA followed by Dunnet‟s multiple comparison
tests using Graph pad PRISM software version 4.03 (2005). „P‟ values <0.05 were considered
significant.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Phytochemical screening: The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract of Annona
squamosal seed showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, saponins,
tannins and phenolic compounds, Protein and amino acids. The various phytoconstituents present in
the extract.
ANTI -ULCER ACTIVITY:
In the present study, aqueous leaf extract of Annona squamosa seed was evaluated for its anti-ulcer
activity against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model. The results of study are tabulated in
Table-I.
117 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141
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Table1.Effect of various extracts of Annona squamosaseed against Pylorus ligation induced gastric
ulcer in rats
Treatment
Dose(mg/k
g) p.o
Volumeofgastr
ic juice
PH
Free
Acidity
(mEq/L)
Total
Acidity(mEq/
L)
Ulcer
Index
%Inhibition
of ulcer
Group
IControl(Norma
l saline)
2ml/kg
4.01±0.12
1.74±0.2
4
25.34±0.0
8
71.16±0.20
3.58±0.4
6
0
Group-
II(Standard
ranitidine)
20mg/kg
1.84 ±0.06
4.86±0.1
5
10.42
±0.02
22.24±0.18
0.71
±0.14
79.60***
Group-
III(Aqueous
Extract)
100mg/kg
3.56 ± 0.16
3.11±0.1
4
20.18
±0.05
51.14 ±0.38
2.34 ±
0.24
34.31*
Group-
IV(Aqueous
Extract)
200mg/kg
2.30 ± 0.14
4.36
±0.16
10.76
±0.06
30.62 ±0.26
1.10±
0.29
72.20**
Results are mean ± S.E.M.(n = 6). Statistical comparison was performed by using ANOVA coupled
with student„t‟ test.* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 were consider statistically significant when
compared to control group.
In ligation induced gastric ulcer. Both doses of Annona squamosa extract showed significant
reduction in ulcer index, free acidity, total acidity and gastric volume but raised PH of gastric Juice
as compared to the control groups. It was showing protection index 34.31% and 72.20% at a dose of
100 and 200 mg/kg respectively compared with standard drugs ranitidine showed 79.60% (Table-
I).Plant extracts are some of the most attractive sources of new drugs and have shown promising
results in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Several folk medicinal plants and herbs have been used to
treat gastrointestinal disorders or gastric ulcer.6
CONCLUSION:
The results suggest that the seed extract of Annona squamosa possesses antiulcer effect. It prevented
the development of gastric ulcers induced by pylorus ligation.
118 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141
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AKNWOLDGEMENT:
I would like to sincerely thank Mr JN Suresh K,umar M.phrm.,Ph.D.,principal narasarao peta
institute of pharmaceutical sciences, narasaraopeta. Dr.M. Rajkumar, M.Pharm., Ph.D., Head,
Department of Pharmacognosy, Padamavathi college of Pharmacy and Research Institute,
Dhamapuri, Tamilnadu, students M.Siva Naga Raju,D.V.S.Srat Chandra, And T.Krishna Anjaneyulu
who are participated to accomplish this Endeavour successfully. I would like to thank my wife
G.ANKALAKSHMI who supported me to carry this work.
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