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203
Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke (Basidiomycota:
Tricholomataceae): A new record
for Egypt
F. M. Salem1,3*, A. M. Abdel-Azeem1,3, M. T. Mohesin2,3 and E.
M. El-Morsey2,3
1 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt.
2 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Damietta, New Damietta, Egypt.
3 Arab Society for Fungal Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Suez Canal,
Ismailia 41522, Egypt
*Corresponding author: fatmasalem@rocketmail.com
| Received: 15 September 2015 | Accepted: 26 October 2015 |
ABSTRACT
Arab society for fungal conservation designed a series of mycological expeditions to underpin the achievement
of specific fungal conservation aims. In 2013, the expeditions were operated for the first time in Egypt in which
various habitats were screened in Nile Delta. Macrobasidiomycete specimens were collected from El- Sanania
(Damietta) many times since February 2013. According to the current study, Lepstia nuda is recorded for the first
time in Egypt. The new record is illustrated and briefly described below. Dried basidiomata and pure culture of
L. nuda were deposited in the Fungarium of Arab Society for Fungal Conservation, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
Key Words: Conservation, Fungarium, Macrofungi, Mohamed bin Zayed, Mycobiota.
INTRODUCTION
Arab Society for Fungal Conservation (ASFC)
decreed by No. 699/2013 as a scientific and
cultural society aims to promote, protect and
develop ecosystems & wildlife habitats and its
biotic components especially fungi in Egypt
(http://fungiofegypt.com/ASFC.html). ASFC aims
to raise awareness on the importance of fungal
conservation and access to more economic
sustainable methods harmonious with nature and
human life in the Arab world.
The study of macrobasidiomycetes in
Egypt is very rare and limited because members of
the group were either overlooked during
investigations or never been the sole target of any
investigation before until the society designed a
series of mycological expeditions to survey the
fungus conservation status in the whole country of
Egypt. The expeditions were operated for the first
time in Nile Delta during the period of December
2013 to April 2015 to survey macrobasidiomycetes
and supported by Mohamed bin Zayed species
conservation fund.
Critical macro- and micro-morphological
studies of this fungus followed by thorough
literature survey, reveals it, as Lepstia nuda, an
unrecorded taxon for Egyptian mycobiota. A
detailed description coupled with the illustrations
of this species is presented here.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was based on specimens
collected many times from different Citrus fields in
El- El-Sanania area, Damietta Governorate, north
Published by
www.researchtrend.net
Journal on New Biological Reports
JNBR 4(3) 203 – 206 (2015)
ISSN 2319 – 1104 (Online)
Salem et al. JNBR 4(3) 203 – 206 (2015)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
204
east of Egypt (N 31o 26 ′ 18.6 ′′, E 31 o 46′ 32.3′′)
during the period of December 2013 to April 2015.
Mature basidiomata were collected during different
developmental stages. Some basidiomata were cut
and put in a plastic bag to obtain spore prints and
the rest of them were dried for future studies and
deposited at the Fungarium of Arab Society for
Fungal Conservation, Suez Canal University,
Egypt. Some microscopic studies were performed
at the laboratory of Systematic Mycology, Suez
Canal University, Egypt according to Clémençon
(2009). The microscopic characteristics were
observed with the Leitz Research microscope
(Laborlux S) and microscopic photos were taken
with HD USB electronic digital eyepiece camera.
Fungal material was mounted on a microscope
slide and examined in water using a light field
microscope with phase contrast at ×20 and ×40. For
statistical calculations, 100 basidiospores and
basidia were measured for every preparation.
Identification of the collection and descriptions
were made following Butler 1981, 2004.
Collected basidiomata and tissue inner
cores were sterilized 10–20 seconds in hydrogen-
peroxide 30% v /v. Sterilization was stopped by
placing tissues in sterile distilled water. Surface
sterilized tissues were cultured in a modified BDS
selective media (Harrington et al. 1992). Plates
were incubated in the dark at room temperature (25
oC), and once any mycelial growth was observed,
we transferred the isolate to malt extract agar
medium. Name corrections, authorities, and
taxonomic assignments of this work were checked
against the Index Fungorum database (www.
indexfungorum.org).
RESULTS
The genus Lepista is accepted as a distinct genus in
the sense of Singer 1975, with three sections:
Lepista, Nuda and Gilva (Harmaja 1978).
According to the 10th edition of the Dictionary of
the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008), the widespread genus
contains about 50 species. According to Mycobank
(Anonymous 2015), to date nearly 118 Lepista
species were recorded all over the World. Up to the
present study, no Lepista species were recorded in
Egypt at all (Abdel-Azeem 2010).
TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION
Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke, Handb. Brit. Fungi 1:
192 (1871) Figs. 1–3
Fungi, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, garicales,
Tricholomataceae) has forty two synonymous
names (Kew Mycology 2013).
= Agaricus bicolor Pers., Syn. meth. fung.
(Göttingen) 2: 281 (1801); A. bulbosus Bolton,
Hist. fung. Halifax, App. (Huddersfield): 147
(1792) [1791]; A. nudus Bull., Herb. Fr. 10: tab.
439 (1790); A. nudus var. aggregatus Pers., Mycol.
eur. (Erlanga) 3: 224 (1828); A. nudus var.
allochrous Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 3: 224
(1828); A. nudus var. majus Cooke, Handb. Brit.
Fungi, 2nd Edn: 41 (1883); A. nudus Bull., Herb. Fr.
10: tab. 439 (1790) var. nudus; A. nudus var.
praticola Alb. & Schwein., Consp. fung. (Leipzig):
152 (1805); A. nudus var. sylvaticus Alb. &
Schwein., Consp. fung. (Leipzig): 152 (1805); A.
tyrianthinus Fr., Icon. Desc. Fung. Min. Cognit.
(Leipzig) 2: 91 (1818); Clitocybe nuda (Bull.) H.E.
Bigelow & A.H. Sm., Brittonia 21(1): 52 (1969);
Cl. tyrianthina (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 5:
147 (1887); Collybia lilacea Quél., Mém. Soc.
Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 434 (1875); Col.
lilacea var. distantelamellata Rick, Lilloa 2: 273
(1938); Col. lilacea Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul.
Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 434 (1875) var. lilacea;
Cortinarius bicolor Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.
(London) 1: 628 (1821); Cort. bicolor Gray, Nat.
Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 628 (1821) f. bicolor;
Cort. nudus (Bull.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.
(London) 1: 628 (1821); Gyrophila nuda (Bull.)
Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 17 (1886); Gyr. nuda
(Bull.) Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 17 (1886) var.
nuda; Lepista nuda f. gracilis Noordel. & Kuyper,
Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, vol. 3. A. General
Part; B. Taxonomic Part: Tricholomataceae (2)
(Rotterdam) 3: 72 (1995); L. nuda (Bull.) Cooke,
Handb. Brit. Fungi 1: 192 (1871) f. nuda; L. nuda
var. lilacina (Quél.) Singer, Lilloa 22: 193 (1951)
[1949]; L. nuda (Bull.) Cooke, Handb. Brit. Fungi
1: 192 (1871) var. nuda; L. nuda var. pruinosa
(Bon) Bon ex Courtec., Docums Mycol. 14(no. 56):
56 (1985) [1984]; L. nuda var. pruinosa Poisy,
Bull. trimest. Féd. Mycol. Dauphiné- avoie 23(no.
92): 18 (1984); L. nuda var. tridentina (Singer)
Singer, Lilloa 22: 193 (1951) [1949]; L. nuda var.
tucumanensis Singer, in inger & Digilio, Lilloa 25:
43 (1952) [1951]; L. nuda var. tyrianthina (Fr.)
Bon, Docums Mycol. 26 (no. 104): 29 (1997); L.
nuda var. violaceofuscidula (Singer) Singer, Lilloa
22: 193 (1951) [1949]; Omphalia tyrianthina (Fr.)
Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 21 (1886);
Rhodopaxillus nudus (Bull.) Maire, Annls mycol.
11(4): 338 (1913); R. nudus (Bull.) Maire, Annls
mycol. 11(4): 338 (1913) var. nudus; R. nudus var.
pruinosus Bon, Docums Mycol. 5(no. 17): 39
(1975); R. nudus var. tridentinus Singer, Annls
mycol. 41(1/3): 91 (1943); R. nudus var.
tucumanensis (Singer) Raithelh., Nueva Flora
Micológica Argentina (Stuttgart): 78 (2004); R.
nudus var. violaceofuscidulus Singer, Annls mycol.
41(1/3): 92 (1943); Tricholoma nudum (Bull.) P.
Kumm., Führ. Pilzk. (Zerbst): 132 (1871); T.
nudum var. lilaceum Quél. T. nudum var. majus
Cooke & b. Brit. Fungi 1: 41 (1871); T. nudum
(Bull.) P. Kumm., Führ. Pilzk. (Zerbst): 132 (1871)
var. nudum; T. personatum var. nudum (Bull.)
Salem et al. JNBR 4(3) 203 – 206 (2015)
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205
Rick, in Rambo (Ed.), Iheringia, Sér. Bot. 8: 303
(1961).
SPECIEMENS EXAMINED
Egypt: El-Sanania, Damietta, on the ground, and
deciduous wood (5th February 2013, 26th February
2014, 15th March 2014, 9th February 2015) leg.
Fatma M. Salem, det. A. M. Abdel-Azeem: Lepista
nuda (ASFC® 9M-LN).
HABITAT AND GENERAL DISTRIBUTION
This species is primarily leaf litter saprobe. The
wood blewit (Lepista nuda) is found in Europe and
North America and is becoming more common in
Australia, where it appears to have been
introduced. In the UK, it appears from September
through to December. In Africa is recorded in
Ethiopia and now in Egypt for the first time.
DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION OF
SPECIES
MACROMORPHOLOGY
Basidiomes of L. nuda were collected in lawns
from the city of El-Sanania, Damietta, Egypt. The
freshly collected mushrooms presented a lilaceous
hygrophanous pileus. Basidiomes growing alone
scattered, gregariously, or in clusters in organic
debris (Figs. 1 and 2). Cap: 4.5-6 cm; convex with
an inrolled margin when young, becoming broadly
convex to nearly flat or with an uplifted, wavy
margin in age; surface smooth, slightly tacky when
moist; sometimes finely cracked over the center;
usually dull purple, or purplish with brown shades
when fresh, fading to brownish, flesh-colored, tan,
or paler--but sometimes brown or buff from the
beginning. Gills: Attached to the stem-sometimes
by a notch-or beginning to run down it; close or
crowded; pale lavender to lilac, fading to buff,
pinkish-buff, or brownish. Stem: 5-6.5 cm long;
0.8-1.2 cm thick at apex; equal, or enlarged at the
base; dry; finely hairy, and/or mealy near the apex;
pale purple or colored like the gills; becoming
brownish in age; base often covered with lilac to
buff mycelium. Flesh: Thick; soft; purplish to lilac-
buff or whitish. Spore Print: Pinkish.
Fig. 1. Lepista nuda – basidiomata: A- Solatory, B- Clustered.
Fig. 2. A- Gills, B- Close up of gills.
Salem et al. JNBR 4(3) 203 – 206 (2015)
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206
Fig. 3. Lepista nuda – A. spores, B. a pure colony.
MICROMORPHOLOGY
Spores 5.5 (6.25)-8 (8.75) x 2.5-3.5 µ; ellipsoid;
smooth; inamyloid. Cystidia absent. Pileipellis a
cutis of hyphae 1-3.5 µ wide. Clamp connections
present (Figure 3). Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke, as a
new addition, is the only species of the genus
recorded for Egypt, occurring in soil and organic
debris in El-Sanania, Damietta Governorate. In
Africa, L. nuda also occurs in Ethiopia (Alemu
2012) only.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was financially supported by
Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation fund
(Project: 14258506). The authors thanks Dr.
Gregory M. Mueller, (Chief Scientist and
Negaunee Foundation Vice President of Science,
Chicago Botanic Garden, USA), Ionut Spoiala
(Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IASI,
Romania) and the volunteers of Arab Society for
Fungal Conservation for their kind help.
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