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Bulletin of the Auckland Museum 20: http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/research/pub/bulletin/20/2
INTRODUCTION
The Kermadec Islands are located between 636 km
(L’Esperance and Havre Rocks) and 800 km (Raoul
Island) NNE of New Zealand. They are large, active
volcanoes that rise more than 1000 m above the Kermadec
Ridge (Ewart et al. 1977; Smith & Price 2006). The oldest
known shallow water marine sedimentary sequences
reported from the Kermadec Islands date from the early
Pleistocene, 0.9–2 Ma, whereas sedimentary rocks of
early Miocene age have been collected from the ridge
itself (Doyle et al. 1979; Lloyd et al. 1996; Brook 1998b;
1999). The Kermadec Ridge forms part of the Tonga-
Kermadec island arc, a large intra-oceanic subduction
system that extends c. 2600 km from Bay of Plenty,
New Zealand, to Tafahi, Tonga (Ewart et al. 1977; Smith
& Price 2006). The northern end of the Kermadec Arc
occurs at 25.6° S. At this point the Louisville Seamount
Chain intersects the Tonga-Kermadec Trench and the
Kermadec Arc is displaced eastward from the trend
of the Tonga Arc (Smith & Price 2006). Geological
segmentation of the Kermadec Arc is based upon the
spatial relationship of the volcanoes to the ridge and
trench (Smith & Price 2006). The Monowai domain is the
northernmost segment and extends from the intersecetion
of the Louisville Ridge to about 27.5° S. Within this
segment volcanoes are located west of the ridge, and
the ridge crest is deeper than 1000 m. In the Northern
domain (27.5°–31.7° S) the volcanoes, including the
Kermadec Islands, rise directly from the crest of the
ridge. The ridge is at its shallowest in this segment and
upper slope habitats are more or less continuous below
500–1000 m depth. South of L’Esperance Rock the ridge
becomes progressively deeper. The Star of Bengal Bank
is a relatively large, shallow area (50–500 m depth) of
complex topography located c. 105 km southwest of
L’Esperance Rock in the northern part of the Central
domain. Volcanism in this and the Southern domain is
located west of the ridge (Smith & Price 2006). South
of 33.3° S the ridge crest is largely located below 1000
m depth, eventually dipping below the sediments of the
Raukumara Basin at more than 2400 m depth (Smith &
Price 2006). This relatively broad expanse of deepwater
and the predominantly southeast ow of the East
Auckland Current act as a barrier to dispersal of benthic
organisms between the northeast North Island, New
Zealand, and the insular shelf and upper slope habitats
of the north Kermadec Ridge (Heath 1985; Ridgway &
Greig 1986; Stanton et al. 1997; Roemmich & Sutton
1998; Sutton & Chereskin 2002; Sutton et al. 2012).
The Kermadec Islands and adjacent seamounts
support the only subtropical intertidal and shallow
subtidal marine ecosystems in the New Zealand region.
The northern sections of the ridge lie within the return
ow of the subtropical gyre and mean currents are east
to NNE. This ow deects slightly northward and may
speed up over the ridge but it is weak and dominated
by eddies (Ridgway & Heath 1975; Sutton et al. 2012).
The region also lies within the Trade Wind Drift and
during summer it is inuenced by relatively warm, saline
(>35.6 ‰) surface water owing south to SW (Ridgway
& Heath 1975). Depth of the upper mixed layer around
the Kermadec Islands varies from 30–65 m (Ridgway
& Heath 1975). The annual sea surface temperature
range recorded at Raoul Island is 16–26oC, and 14–26oC
at L’Esperance Rock; the mean winter minimum is
17–18oC, and the mean summer maximum is 23–24oC
(Francis et al. 1987; Sutton et al. 2012). Habitat and
Abstract
At least 2086 species from 729 families are reported from the insular shelf and upper slope of the
Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve and north Kermadec Ridge. The best known groups are benthic
Foraminifera, benthic macroalgae, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Crustacea, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, shes
and sea birds. However knowledge of the region’s biota remains supercial and even amongst
these groups new species records are commonplace. Bacteria, most planktonic groups, sessile
invertebrates (particularly Porifera and Ascidiacea), infaunal and interstitial invertebrates, and
parasites are largely unstudied.
Annotated checklist of the marine flora and fauna
of the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve and
northern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand
Clinton A.J. Duy Department of Conservation & Auckland War Memorial Museum
Shane T. Ahyong Australian Museum & University of New South Wales
19–124
20 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
species diversity peak around Raoul Island (Francis 1985;
Francis et al. 1987; Brook 1999). Hermatypic corals are
present but there is no fringing reef formation (Schiel et
al. 1986; Brook 1999). Hermatypic coral cover is highest
at Raoul Island, with a peak of 20–40% occurring at 1–6
m depth, and a second peak of 15–25% at 18–25 m depth.
Coral cover and that of most other benthic organisms
is very low around the southern islands (Brook 1999).
Thickets or forests of large fucoid and laminarian kelp
typical of temperate rocky reefs in northern New Zealand
are absent (Schiel et al. 1986; Cole et al. 1992). Pelagic
productivity is low (Sutton et al. 2012).
Below the mixed layer temperatures decline to
13–20oC at 200 m depth, and to c. 5oC at 1000 m depth.
Between 1400–2000 m depth the temperature declines
gradually from 3oC to about 2.5oC (Sutton et al. 2012).
Data collected by Argo temperature/salinity proling
oats in the region show water of the southeastern side
of the ridge is generally cooler and less saline than that
at the same depth northwest of the ridge (Sutton et al.
2012). As most recent deepwater research effort has
focussed on the volcanoes and associated hydrothermal
vent systems of the Kermadec Arc there has been
relatively little biological sampling of bathyal habitats on
the southeastern side of the ridge. Sampling and direct
observation of deepwater habitats on the northwestern
side of the ridge has generally revealed low abundance and
diversity of benthic invertebrates (Beaumont et al. 2012).
Hard substrata are often largely bare, although they may
be heavily encrusted with coralline algae to more than 80
m depth. Taxa characterising hard substrata below 100
m depth include anemones, alcyonaceans, gorgonians,
gastropods, echinoids, ophiuroids and asteroids. Dense
populations of gorgonians (Primnoella sp.) and stalked
crinoids have been observed at some sites, and regional
broyzoan diversity is high (Rowden et al. 2004; Beaumont
et al. 2012). Epifaunal organisms characterising sediments
include echinoderms (ophiuroids, echinoids and
asteroids) and atshes (Beaumont et al. 2012). In areas
of active hydrothermal venting biological productivity
may be high. Hard and soft substrata surrounding vents
are frequently covered with bacterial mats and extensive
beds of the bivalves Vulcanidas insolatus and Gigantidus
gladius, with associated predatory sea stars (Sclerasterias
spp), crabs and shes (Cosel & Marshall 2010; Beaumont
et al. 2012).
The Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve (KIMR)
was established in 1990. This is a large (748,000 ha)
no-take marine protected area covering the Territorial
Sea (12 nautical miles) around each of the islands in
the archipelago, including L’Esperance Rock. It was
established to protect the largely pristine subtropical
intertidal and subtidal marine habitats occurring around
the islands, as well as populations of large predatory
shes such as the spotted black grouper (Epinephelus
daemellii) and bass (Polyprion americanus) (Francis
1985; Department of Lands & Survey 1986; Department
of Conservation 2011). As well as protecting shallow
subtidal reef and volcanic sand habitats, the KIMR also
contains insular slope habitats extending to maximum
depths of just over 2000 m. These include active
hydrothermal vent systems, deep reefs, tallus elds and
sandy and muddy sediments (Beaumont et al. 2012).
Elsewhere within the region trawling is prohibited
within 100 m of the sea oor by a large Benthic
Protected Area (BPA) established in November 2007.
Prior to establishment of the BPA trawling and dredging
on the northern segments of the Kermadec Ridge had
been limited to a relatively small number of research
tows. Despite this relatively high level of protection
and its isolation potential threats to the region’s marine
biodiversity include global climate change, petroleum
and mineral exploration, introductions of exotic marine
organisms via visiting vessels and scientic equipment,
ongoing development of commercial sheries in the
region and illegal shing within the KIMR and BPA
(Department of Conservation 2011). Detection of
ecological change resulting from any of these potential
stressors requires detailed knowledge of natural species
composition and spatial and temporal variability in
diversity and abundance. However, the region’s isolation
has limited the amount of monitoring and ecological
research undertaken there. Checklists represent a very
simple form of baseline biological data that can be
used to inform management by establishing species
presence/absence; indicating levels of species richness,
endemicity and biogeographic afnities (a reection
of historic and contemporary population connectivity);
identifying poorly known functional or taxonomic groups
of organisms; facilitating species identication; and
providing a high-level synthesis of resource information
relevant to a site. While comprehensive species lists are
available for several groups of organisms occurring at
the Kermadec Islands (e.g. algae, molluscs, polychates,
crustaceans, coastal shes and seabirds) the literature
on the biota of the region is scattered, and much of the
taxonomy requires updating and conrmation. This
checklist is an attempt to address those needs.
METHODS
The area covered by the checklist includes the Kermadec
Ridge and seamounts between 28o S and 33o S (Northern
Kermadec and Central Kermadec domains as dened
by Smith & Price 2006). Taxa only known from the
Southern Kermadec Arc (Clark & O’Shea 2001; Martin
& Haney 2005; Ahyong 2008; Stott et al. 2008; Hodges
& Olson 2009) or Monowai volcano to the north (Merle
et al. 2006) are not included. Widespread species that
may be expected to occur on the north Kermadec Ridge,
as well as those recorded either side of but not within
the checklist area have not been included. As maximum
depths recorded within the KIMR are little more
than 2000 m the checklist only covers taxa occurring
shallower than 2500 m depth. For information on the
abyssal and hadal fauna of the Kermadec Trench see the
Galathea Report series (Scientic Results of The Danish
Deep-Sea Expedition 1950–1952; http://www.zmuc.
dk/inverweb/galathea/index.html); McKnight (1973);
Gordon (1985); Dawson (1993); Pawson (2002); Zeidler
(2006); Baba et al. (2008) and Jamieson et al. (2009).
Systematics and synonymy follow the primary
taxonomic literature wherever possible. Other authorities
refered to included the World Register of Marine Species
21Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
(WoRMS; http://www.marinespecies.org/); Australian
Faunal Directory (http://www.environment.gov.au/
biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home);
algaeBase (http://www.algaebase.org/); the World
Ophiuroidea Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/
ophiuroidea/index.php); Cairns et al. (2009); Eschmeyer
(2009); Gordon (2009) and Spencer et al. (2011).
Institutional abbreviations: Auckland War Memorial
Museum (AK), Museum of New Zealand Te Papa
Tongarewa, Wellington (NMNZ, WELT), National Institute
of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA, NZOI).
Taxa recorded from the Kermadec Islands for
the rst time during Auckland Museum’s Kermadec
Biodiscovery Expedition, 9–29 May 2011, and reported
elsewhere herein have not been included in the checklist.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 2086 species from 729 families have been
recorded from the northern Kermadec Ridge (Table 1,
Appendix 1). Macroalgae (4.6%), Cnidaria (8.9%),
Mollusca (23.3%), Crustacea (13.9%), Bryozoa (12.1%),
Echinoderms (10.7%), shes (13.9 %) and birds (3.8%)
made up 91.3% of the reported species (Table 1).
A biogeographic analysis of the biota was beyond
the scope of this paper and is not possible for many
incompletely known groups. Biogeographic afnities
of the shallow water benthic Foraminifera are discussed
by Hayward et al. (1999); Zooxanthellae by Wicks et
al. (2010b); benthic macroalgae by Nelson & Adams
(1984); corals by Cairns (1991; 1995), Brook (1999),
Cairns et al. (2009) and Wicks et al. (2010a); hermit
crabs by Forest & McLay (2001); echinoderms by
Fell (1947); coastal shes by Francis et al. (1987) and
Francis (1993); and sea birds by Gaskin (2011). These
studies generally emphasize low taxonomic diversity
(the exception being Broyozoa, Gordon 1984, 1985;
Rowden et al. 2004), and the characteristic presence of
widespread tropical Indo-Pacic taxa and a smaller group
of subtropical species shared with eastern Australia, Lord
Howe Island, Norfolk Island and New Caledonia. Recent
studies of genetic connectivity provide evidence of
infrequent colonisation, small founding populations and
maintainence by self-recruitment (Wicks et al. 2010b;
Vogler et al. 2013; Liggins et al. 2014). Consistent with
what is known of the regional oceanic circulation these
studies identify eastern Australia, the Coral Sea and
the islands of the tropical Southwest Pacic north and
east of Raoul Island as probable source populations for
the taxa concerned. Reported levels of taxon-specic
endemism are 2.1% (1 sp.) of shallow water benthic
foraminifera (Hayward et al. 1999); 5.5% (8 spp.) of
coastal shes (Francis 1993); 14.3% (1 sp.) and 41.7%
(5 spp.) of coastal ahermatypic corals and stylasterid
corals repsectively (Cairns 1991; Brook 1999; Cairns
et al. 2009); 19% (68 spp.) of coastal mollusca (Brook
1998); and 21.4% (3 spp.) of nesting seabirds (Gaskin
2011). No hermatypic corals are endemic to the region,
although of the ve zooxanthellae recorded from the
Kermadec Islands one appears to be endemic (Brook
1999; Cairns et al. 2009; Wicks et al. 2010b).
The most poorly known ecological or functional
groups include planktonic forms (other than calanoid
copepods), sessile invertebrates, infaunal and
interstitial invertebrates, bathyal taxa and parasites.
Although bacteria are involved in the precipitation
of minerals from hydrothermal waters, and extensive
bacterial mats and endosymbionts are associated with
hydrothermal vent communities occurring on Macauley
and Giggenbach volcanoes no bacterial taxa have
been formally recorded from the northern Kermadec
Ridge (Jones et al. 2008; Hodges & Olsen 2009; von
Cosel & Marshall 2010; Beaumont et al. 2012). As the
production and remineralization of organic carbon by
bacteria is important in pelagic and benthic ecosystems
the signicance of bacterial productivity on the north
Kermadec Ridge warrants further investigation (Fisher
et al. 1987; Sorokin et al. 1998; Moodley et al. 2002;
Stott et al. 2008; Sweet et al. 2010).
Knowledge of the biota of the Kermadec Islands
Marine Reserve and northern Kermadec Ridge remains
at best supercial and ongoing multidisciplinary
research is required to understand the true diversity of
the region (Keable & Reid 2015). New species, genera
and family records are commonplace, and taxonomic
revisions often reveal species that were once thought
to be widespread are in fact endemic to the region (e.g.
Ahyong 2015; Duffy & Last 2007a, b).
Table 1. Number of marine taxa recorded from the upper
slope and insular shelf waters of the north Kermadec Ridge.
22 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank Heidi Schlumpf, for her assistance
with the preparation of the manuscript. The manuscript
also beneted from review by Wilma Blom, Auckland
Museum, and Dennis Gordon, NIWA. Dennis Gordon
and Richard Willan provided invaluable advice on
the taxonomic status of the Bryozoa and Mollusca
respectively.
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APPENDIX 1: Checklist of the marine ora and fauna of the Kermadec Islands and north
Kermadec Ridge, Southwest Pacic Ocean
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Phylum RADIOZOA
Class POLYCYSTINEA
THALASSICOLLIDAE
Thalassicolla australis cosmopolitan planktonic Murray (1895)
Phylum FORAMINIFERA
Class GLOBOTHALAMEA
TROCHAMMINIDAE
Trochammina inata cosmopolitan soil at MHWS Hayward et al. (1999)
SPIROPLECTAMMINIDAE
Spiroplectinella proxispira New Zealand endemic deep inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Clinton A. J. Duffy, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand. Email:
cduffy@doc.govt.nz; Auckland Museum, Private Bag 92018, Victoria Street West, Auckland
1142, New Zealand.
Shane T. Ahyong, Australian Museum, Sydney, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
Email: shane.ahyong@austmus.gov.au; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
Article submitted 4 August 2012; revised and accepted: 11 June 2013.
33Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Spirotextularia stulosa Pacic Ocean inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
VERNEUILINIDAE
Gaudryina convexa cosmopolitan coarse inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
TEXTULARIIDAE
Textularia pseudogramen cosmopolitan deep inner-outer shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Class TUBOTHALAMEA
SPIRILLINIDAE
Mychostomina revertens cosmopolitan inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Spirillina vivipara cosmopolitan inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
PATELLINIDAE
Patellina corrugata cosmopolitan inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
CORNUSPIRIDAE
Cornuspira involvens cosmopolitan inner shelf Hayward et al. (1999)
FISCHERINIDAE
Wiesnerella auriculata tropical, widespread inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
HAUERINIDAE
Quinqueloculina incisa West Pacic inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Quinqueloculina suborbicularis cosmopolitan inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Quinqueloculina subpolygona New Zealand and
southeast Australia
coarse inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
SPIROLOCULINIDAE
Spiroloculina antillarum Indo-Pacic sandy inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Spiroloculina communis Pacc Ocean inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
SORITIDAE
Sorites marginalis subtropical, cosmopolitan sandy inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Class GLOBOTHALAMEA
CASSIDULINIDAE
Evolvocassidulina orientalis West Pacic inner shelf – shelf break Hayward et al. (1999)
Globocassidulina canalisuturata New Zealand endemic inner shelf – shelf break Hayward et al. (1999)
SIPHOGENERINOIDIDAE
Siphogenerina raphana cosmopolitan inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
REUSSELLIDAE
Reussella spinulosa subtropical, cosmopolitan shallow coastal sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
EPONIDIDAE
Eponides cribrorepandus cosmopolitan inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
MISSISSIPPINIDAE
Stomatorbina concentrica subtropical, widespread inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
ROSALINIDAE
Gavelinopsis hamatus New Zealand endemic inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Gavelinopsis praegeri cosmopolitan inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Rosalina bradyi cosmopolitan shallow coastal waters, epifaunal
on shells and rocks
Hayward et al. (1999)
Rosalina irregularis cosmopolitan shallow coastal sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
34 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
GLABRATELLIDAE
Conorbella pulvinata tropical, widespread inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Glabratellina kermadecensis endemic sandy inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Pileolina zelandica New Zealand endemic inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
HERONALLENIIDAE
Heronallenia pulvinulinoides West Pacic inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
SIPHONINIDAE
Siphonina tubulosa tropical, widespread mid shelf–upper slope sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
DISCORBINELLIDAE
Discorbinella bertheloti cosmopolitan mid shelf–upper slope sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
CIBICIDIDAE
Cibicides dispars South Pacic and South
Atlantic
inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Cibicides marlboroughensis New Zealand endemic inner shelf – shelf break Hayward et al. (1999)
ACERVULINIDAE
Acervulina inhaerens cosmopolitan inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
HOMOTREMATIDAE
Miniacina miniacea subtropical,
cosmopolitan
shallow coastal waters, epifaunal
on shells and rocks
Hayward et al. (1999)
NONIONIDAE
Haynesina depressula cosmopolitan inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
ELPHIDIIDAE
Elphidium advenum f. limbatum soutwest Pacic and
southern Australia
inner-outer shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Elphidium advenum f. maorium New Zealand and
southeast Australia
inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Elphidium crispum Indo-Pacic and
Mediterranean
shallow inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Elphidium reticulosum tropical and subtropical
southwest Pacic
sandy inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
GLOBIGERINIDAE
Globigerina sp. (with spines) planktonic Murray (1895)
GLOBOROTALIIDAE
Globorotalia truncatulinoides
[as Pulvinulina micheliniana;
synonymy follows Chapman
(1905) and Cushman (1931)]
cosmopolitan planktonic Murray (1895); Cushman
(1931)
INCERTAE SEDIS
NODOSARIIDAE
Laevidentalina bradyensis cosmopolitan inner shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
VAGINULINIDAE
Astacolus insolitus Pacc Ocean inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Lenticulina australis New Zealand and Australia inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
Lenticulina gibba New Zealand and Australia inner-mid shelf sediments Hayward et al. (1999)
35Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Phylum MYZOZOA
Class DINOPHYCEAE
SYMBIODINIACEAE
Symbiodinium Type C1 Western and Central
Pacic including Great
Barrier Reef
endosymbiont of Turbinaria
frondens, Monastrea curta; shallow
subtidal, 5 m depth
Wicks et al. (2010b)
Symbiodinium Type C1z Endemic endosymbiont of Hydnophora
pilosa and Sinularia sp.; shallow
subtidal, 5–10 m depth
Wicks et al. (2010b)
Symbiodinium Type C3w Lord Howe Island and
Kermadecs
endosymbiont of Hydnophora pilosa;
shallow subtidal, 5–10 m depth
Wicks et al. (2010b)
Symbiodinium Type C22a Western and Central
Pacic including Great
Barrier Reef
endosymbiont of Turbinaria
frondens; subtidal, 15 m depth
Wicks et al. (2010b)
Symbiodinium Type B1 Western and Central
Pacic including Great
Barrier Reef
endosymbiont of Capnella sp.;
shallow subtidal, 5m depth
Wicks et al. (2010b)
Phylum OCHROPHYTA
Class PHAEOPHYCEAE
ACINETOSPORACEAE
Feldmannia indica cosmopolitan Adams (1994)
Feldmannia mitchelliae
[as Hincksia mitchelliae]
cosmopolitan Adams (1994)
CHORDARIACEAE
Nemacystus novae-zelandiae Australia, New Zealand,
Easter Island
Adams (1994)
SCYTOSIPHONACEAE
Hydroclathrus clathratus cosmopolitan,
subtropical – tropical
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Petalonia binghamiae
[as Endarachne binghamiae]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
intertidal Adams (1994)
SPHACELARIACEAE
Sphacelaria tribuloides cosmopolitan Adams (1994)
STYPOCAULACEAE
Halopteris licina cosmopolitan Adams (1994)
DICTYOTACEAE
Dictyopteris plagiogramma widespread, subtropical
– tropical
29 m depth, coral rubble, Denham
Bay
Cotton (1912); Lindauer
et al. (1961); Allender &
Kraft (1983); Duffy (2005)
Dictyota bartayresiana
[as D. bartayresii]
pantropical rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
Dictyota fasciola var. repens
[as D. repens]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Dictyota implexa
[as D. divaricata]
pantropical rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
Dictyota intermedia
[Allender & Kraft 1983 as
Dilophus intermedius]
Indonesia, eastern
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Distromium skottsbergii Southern Hemisphere rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Distromium didymothrix Queensland, Lord Howe
Is., Kermadecs
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
Lobophora variegata widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
36 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Pachydictyon sp. rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Padina australis widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
Padina fraseri Indo-West Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Stypopodium australasicum Western Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
Taonia australasica southeast Australia, Lord
Howe Is., Kermadecs
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Allender & Kraft (1983);
Adams (1994)
SPOROCHNACEAE
Sporochnus moorei Western-Central Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
LESSONIACEAE
Ecklonia radiata Australia and New
Zealand
rock substrata, low intertidal to 45
m depth (recorded from Macauley
Island)
Nelson & Adams (1984);
Schiel et al. (1986);
Adams (1994)
SARGASSACEAE
Sargassum aquifolium tropical and subtropical
Southwest Pacic
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Morton & Miller (1968);
Schiel et al. (1986); Adams
(1994); Mattio (2008);
Mattio & Payri (2009)
Sargassum ilicifolium tropical and subtropical
Southwest Pacic
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Mattio (2008); Mattio &
Payri (2009)
Sargassum pacicum tropical and subtropical
Pacic
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994); Mattio et
al. (2009)
Sargassum scabridum northeast North Island
and Kermadecs
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Mattio (2008)
Sargassum sp. “Macauley”
WELT A4066, A4081
Macauley Island and
Three Kings
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Phylum CHLOROPHYTA
Class CHLOROPHYCEAE
PALMELLOPSIDACEAE
Palmophyllum umbracola Kermadecs, North
Island, Lord Howe Is.,
eastern Australia
beneath overhangs on rocky reefs,
2–22 m
Nelson & Ryan (1986);
Adams (1994); Kraft
(2007)
Class ULVOPHYCEAE
ULVACEAE
Umbraulva sp. (“Kermadecs”) endemic shallow subtidal Adams (1994); Heesch et
al. (2009)
Ulva sp. shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
CLADOPHORACEAE
Cladophora prolifera shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Cladophora socialis shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Rhizoclonium riparium
[as R. kerneri]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
?epiphytic, intertidal Adams (1994)
ANADYOMENACEAE
Microdictyon umbilicatum Western-Central Pacic,
Atlantic
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
POLYPHYSACEAE
Parvocaulis parvulus
[ as Acetabularia parvula]
pantropical shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
BOODLEACEAE
Boodlea composita pantropical shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
37Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Class BRYOPSIDOPHYCEAE
DERBESIACEAE
Derbesia novae-zelandiae?Australia and New
Zealand
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Pedobesia clavaeformis eastern Australia, New
Zealand, American Samoa
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
CAULERPACEAE
Caulerpa racemosa cosmopolitan rock substrata, intertidal and
shallow subtidal
Adams (1994)
Caulerpa webbiana widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
CODIACEAE
Codium spongiosum cosmopolitan rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Codium arabicum Indo-Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Codium bursa Atlantic, SW Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Codium geppiorum widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Phylum RHODOPHYTA
Class FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
LIAGORACEAE
Nemalion helminthoides cosmopolitan, warm
temperate
low intertidal, growing on
barnacles and mollusca
Adams (1994)
Ganonema farinosum
[as Liagora farinosa]
cosmopolitan, warm
temperate
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Liagora harveyana Australia and New
Zealand
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Liagora sp. shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
GALAXAURACEAE
Dichotomaria marginata
[as Galaxaura marginata]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, low intertidal to 45
m depth
Adams (1994)
Galaxaura divaricata Indo-West Pacic shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Galaxaura lamentosa widespread, subtropical
– tropical
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Galaxaura rugosa pantropical shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Tricleocarpa cylindrica widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal (to
c. 15 m depth)
Adams (1994)
GELIDIACEAE
Gelidium longipes Australia and New Zealand rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Pterocladiella capillacea
[as Pterocladia capillacea]
cosmopolitan, warm
temperate – tropical
rock substrata, low intertidal and
shallow subtidal
Adams (1994)
CORALLINACEAE
Amphiroa anceps widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Corallina ofcinalis cosmopolitan rock substrata, intertidal and
shallow subtidal
Adams (1994)
Jania micrarthrodia widespread rock substrata and epiphytic,
shallow subtidal
Adams (1994)
Jania rosea
[as Haliptilon roseum]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata and epiphytic,
intertidal – shallow subtidal
Adams (1994)
Jania ungulata widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Pneophyllum coronatum
[as Heteroderma caulerpae]
widespread epiphytic, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
38 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
HILDENBRANDIACEAE
Apophloea sp. rocky intertidal Gardner et al. (2006)
SCHIZYMENIACEAE
Schizymenia sp. Adams (1994)
HALYMENIACEAE
Cryptonemia umbraticola Western-Central Pacic shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
CATENELLOPSIDACEAE
Catenellopsis oligarthra Australia and New
Zealand
rock substrata, intertidal Adams (1994)
HYPNEACEAE
Hypnea esperi widespread, subtropical
– tropical
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
PEYSSONNELIACEAE
Peyssonnelia sp. shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
SOLIERIACEAE
Solieria robusta Indo-West Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
PLOCAMIACEAE
Plocamium sp. shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Plocamium hamatum Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
RHODYMENIACEAE
Botryocladia skottsbergii Indo-Pacic rock substrata, intertidal – shallow
subtidal
Adams (1994)
CHAMPIACEAE
Champia parvula cosmopolitan epiphytic, low intertidal – shallow
subtidal
Adams (1994)
BONNEMAISONIACEAE
Asparagopsis taxiformis pantropical shell gravel and rocky substrata,
0–22 m
Adams (1994)
Delisea pulchra Antarctic and the
subantarctic islands,
Australia, New Zealand,
Japan
shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
CERAMIACEAE
Antithamnion decipiens
[as A. ogdeniae]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Antithamnion nipponicum
[as A. hubbsii]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Antithamnionella graeffei
[as A. agellata]
widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Balliella pseudocorticata widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Centroceras clavulatum pantropical rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Gayliella accida
[as Ceramium accidum]
cosmopolitan coral and rock substrata, shallow
subtidal
Adams (1994)
Grifthsia monilis Australia and New
Zealand
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
39Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Spyridia lamentosa pantropical rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Wrangelia penicillata widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
DELESSERIACEAE
Acrosorium ciliolatum
[as A. venulosum]
widespread, temperate –
tropical
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Hypoglossum sp. rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Martensia fragilis pantropical rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Phycodrys profunda NE and SW Pacic rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Taenioma nanum pantropical rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
DASYACEAE
Dasya baillouviana widespread, subtropical
– tropical
rock and shell substrata, shallow
subtidal
Adams (1994)
RHODOMELACEAE
Dasyclonium accidum Western Australia, West
Pacic (anti-tropical)
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Lophosiphonia prostrata Indo-West and Central
Pacic
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Polysiphonia scopulorum widespread, warm
temperate – tropical
rock substrata, intertidal Adams (1994)
Lophurella caespitosa Australia and New
Zealand
rock substrata, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Cladhymenia coronata Australia and New
Zealand
sand and rock substrata, shallow
subtidal
Adams (1994)
Placophora binderi Indo-Pacic epiphytic, shallow subtidal Adams (1994)
Phylum PORIFREA
Class DEMOSPONGIAE
CHONDRILLIDAE
Chondrosia n. sp.1 Macauley Is. subtidal boulders M. Kelly-Shanks in Duffy
(2005)
CLIONIDAE
Cliona n. sp.4 Denham Bay subtidal reef at M. Kelly-Shanks in Duffy
(2005)
Cliona n. sp. 5 M. Kelly-Shanks in Duffy
(2005)
TETHYIDAE
Tethya cf. bergquistae
[Beaumont et al. 2012 as Tethya
cf. australis]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Tethya deformis
[Kirk 1910 as T. lyncurium var.
australis]
Japan, New Zealand rock pools Kirk (1910); Dawson
(1993)
Tethya cf. popae Denham Bay subtidal boulders M. Kelly-Shanks in Duffy
(2005)
APLYSINELLIDAE
Suberea n. sp.1 Denham Bay and
Parson’s Rk.
shallow subtidal boulders and walls M. Kelly-Shanks in Duffy
(2005)
CALLYSPONGIDAE
Callyspongia stulosa
[Kirk 1910 as Chalina stulosa]
Kirk (1910); Dawson
(1993)
40 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Callyspongia oliveri
[Kirk 1910 as Toxochalina oliveri]
Kirk (1910); Dawson
(1993)
Callyspongia n.sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
HALICLONIDAE
Haliclona reversa
[Kirk 1910 as Reniera reversa]
rock pools Kirk (1910); Dawson
(1993)
PETROSIIDAE
Petrosia (Petrosia) pluricristata New Caledonia, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Petrosia n.sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
RASPAILIIDAE
Raspailia (Clathriodendron)
rubrum [Kirk 1910 as as
Clathriodendron rubrum]
endemic Kirk (1910); Dawson
(1993)
CLADORHIZIDAE
Chondrocladia clavata Seychelles, Fiji, New
Zealand, Antarctica
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
CLATHRIIDAE
Clathria intermedia [Type
material missing; possibly
recollected by M. Page, NIWA,
in November 2004]
shallow subtidal walls and boulders Kirk (1910); Dawson
(1993)
MICROCIONIDAE
Echinochalina n. sp.1 Denham Bay subtidal boulders M. Kelly-Shanks in Duffy
(2005)
MYCALIDAE
Mycale n.sp. 3 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
COELOSPHAERIDAE
Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx)
frondosa [Ridley & Dendy 1886
as Myxilla frondosa n. sp.]
Challenger Stn 170A 950 m, volcanic mud Ridley & Dendy (1886);
Murray (1895)
ANCORINIDAE
Stelletta cf. phialimorpha New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Stelletta n.sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
GEODIIDAE
Geodia vestigifera [Beaumont et
al. 2012 as Geodinella vestigifera
Kermadecs, New
Zealand, Antarctica
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
SUBERITIDAE
Pseudosuberites n.sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
NEOPELTIDAE
Neopelta n.sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PHYMATELLIDAE
Neoaulaxinia n.sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PLEROMIDAE
Pleroma menoui New Caledonia, Lord
Howe & Norfolk Islands,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
41Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Class HEXACTINELLIDA
HYALONEMATIDAE
Hyalonema (Oonema)
bipinnulum
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadec Ridge
upper slope, 2470 m Dawson (1993)
Hyalonema sp. upper slope, 2470 m Dawson (1993)
PHERONEMATIDAE
Pheronema cf. conicum New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Pheronema gigas
[Murray 1895 as Poliopogon
gigas n.g., n.sp.]
Challenger Stn 170A 950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Dawson
(1993)
AULOCALYCIDAE
Euryplegma auriculare New Zealand, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
APHROCALLISTIDAE
Aphrocallistes bocagei Widespread, Challenger
station 171
1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Murray (1895)
EURETIDAE
Chonelasma hamatum Challenger Stn 170A 950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Dawson
(1993)
Chonelasma lamella Murray (1895); Dawson
(1993)
Eurete cf. simplissima ne NZ seamounts,
Kermadec Ridge,
Chatham Rise, Bollon’s
Seamount
770–1070 m Tracey et al. (2005)
Heterorete cf. pulchrum Indian Ocean, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Lefroyella sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
FARREIDAE
Farrea occa occa Philippines, Challenger
Stn 170A
950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Dawson
(1993)
Farrea n.sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
TRETODICTYIIDAE
Euryplegma auriculare Challenger Stn 170A 950 m, volcanic mud Dawson (1993)
HEXACTINOSIDA incertae sedis
?Hyalocaulus sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
EUPLECTELLIDAE
Corbitella speciosa Indonesia, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Regadrella phoenix widespread upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Saccocalyx pedunculatus India, New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Walteria emmingi New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Dawson
(1993)
Bolosominae (genus and species
undetermined)
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
genus and species undetermined upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
LEUCOPSACIDAE
Chaunoplectella cf. cavernosa Japan, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
42 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ROSSELLIDAE
Acanthasacus (Rhabdocalyptus)
cf. mollis
Japan, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Crateromorpha (Aulochone)
cylindrica [Murray 1895 as
Aulochone cylindrica n.g., n.sp.]
South Pacic 720–1264 m Murray (1895); Dawson
(1993); Hooper et al.
(2002)
Phylum CNIDARIA
Class HYDROZOA
CAMPANULARIIDAE
Campanularia caliculata var.
makrogona
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
on seaweed, shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
HALECIIDAE
Halecium tenellum widespread on bryozoan, shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
SERTULARIIDAE
Sertularia minima widespread on seaweed, shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
SYNTHECIIDAE
Synthecium elegans New Zealand,
Kermadecs
on hydroid, shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
PLUMULARIIDAE
Plumularia setacea widespread Hilgendorf (1910)
Aglaophenia laxa New Zealand, Kermadecs on sponge, shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
?Aglaophenia sp. X shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
?Aglaophenia sp. Y shallow subtidal Hilgendorf (1910)
PHYSALIIDAE
Physalia utriculus
[Hilgendorf 1910 as Physalia sp.]
widespread epipelagic Hilgendorf (1910);
Benham (1911)
CLAVIDAE
Oceania armata widespread, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic Schuchert (1996)
CALYCOPSIDAE
Bythotiara murrayi widespread, tropical-
temperate
epipelagic Schuchert (1996)
CYTAEIDIDAE
Cytaeis cf. tetrastyla widespread, tropical-
subtropical
pelagic Schuchert (1996)
PANDEIDAE
Pandeopsis ikarii Western Pacic, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic Schuchert (1996)
STYLASTERIDAE
Calyptopora sinuosa Colville and Kermadec
Ridges
260–814 m Cairns (1991)
Conopora laevis
[Moseley 1881 as Conopora
tenuis and Stylaster laevis]
Indo-West Pacic 137–1097 m Moseley (1881); Cairns
(1991)
Conopora verrucosa
[Moseley 1881 as Stylaster
erubescens]
Kermadecs to Antarctica 198–2355 m Moseley (1881); Cairns
(1991)
43Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Crypthelia cymas
[Moseley 1881 as Cryptohelia
pudica in part]
Norfolk, Three Kings
and Kermadec Ridges,
Galapagos Islands
166–806 m Moseley (1881); Cairns
(1991)
Crypthelia polypoma Norfolk, Three Kings
and Kermadec Ridges
590–814 m Cairns (1991)
Crypthelia studeri
[Moseley 1881 as Cryptohelia
pudica in part]
Kermadec to
Subantarctic Islands
343–1940 m Moseley (1881); Cairns
(1991)
Errina sinuosa Endemic 290–814 m Cairns (1991)
Lepidopora microstylus Norfolk Ridge,
Kermadec Islands
710–1258 m Cairns (1991)
Lepidotheca altispina Lord Howe seamount
chain, Norfolk Ridge,
Kermadecs
445–1258 m Cairns (1991)
Stylaster eguchii Norfolk Ridge,
Kermadec Ridge, New
Zealand, Antarctica
15–1485 m Cairns (1991)
Stylaster gracilis Western Pacic 406–952 m Moseley (1881); Carins
(1991)
Note: Cairns (1991) considered Moseley’s (1881) record of Stenohelia profunda, a western North Atlantic species,
from north of Raoul Island questionable.
PORPITIDAE
Velella velella
[Benham 1911 as V. cyanea]
widespread epipelagic Benham (1911)
CORYMORPHIDAE
Corymorpha furcata widespread epipelagic Schuchert (1996)
Class SCYPHOZOA
ATOLLIDAE
Atolla sp. Benham (1911)
Class ANTHOZOA
ALCYONIIDAE
Sinularia sp. shallow subtidal, 5–10 m depth Wicks et al. (2010a, b)
NEPHTHEIDAE
Capnella sp. shallow subtidal, 5 m depth Wicks et al. (2010b)
Stereonephtya sp. deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 3 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 4 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
XENIIDAE
Efatounaria sp. shallow subtidal Schiel et al. (1986)
PENNATULIDAE
Halipterus sp. upper slope Murray (1895); Beaumont
et al. (2012)
CLAVULARIIDAE
Telestula sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ACANTHOGORGIIDAE
Acanthogorgia sp. 3 New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Clark et al. (1999);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
44 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
AINIGMAPTILIDAE
Anigmaptilon sp.2 deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
CHRYSOGORGIIDAE
Chrysogorgia acanthella
[Murray 1895 as as Dasygorgia
acanthella n.sp.]
1152 m volcanic mud and pumice
fragments
Murray (1895)
Chrysogorgia axillaris
[Murray 1895 as Dasygorgia
axillaris n.sp.]
Kermadecs, Philippines 1152 m volcanic mud and pumice
fragments
Murray (1895)
Chrysogorgia expansa
[Murray 1895 as as Dasygorgia
expansa n.sp.]
950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895)
Chrysogorgia sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Chrysogorgia sp. 3 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Chrysogorgia sp. 4 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Chrysogorgia sp. 6 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Chrysogorgia sp. 7 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Metallogorgia sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
CORALLIDAE
Corallium sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Corallium sp. 3 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Corallium sp. 4 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ELLISELLIDAE
sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
GORGONIIDAE
sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ISIDIDAE
Keratoisis cf. zelandica New Zealand, Kermadecs deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Keratoisis tangentis Macquarie Ridge, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Keratoisis sp. 5 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lepidisis sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lepidisis sp. 6 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Mopsea sp. 950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895)
KEROIDIDAE
Keroeides sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PARAGORGIIDAE
Sibogagorgia tautahi Giggenbach seamount; 872–1086
m
Sánchez (2005)
PLEXAURIDAE
Bebryce sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Paracis sp.1 deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Paracis sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Paracis cf. squamata Lord Howe Rise,
Kermadecs
deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Villogorgia sp. 4 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PRIMNOIDAE
Callogorgia sp.1 deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Callogorgia sp.2 deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
45Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Callozostron sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Calyptrophora wyvillei Kermadecs, Hawaii 1152 m volcanic mud and pumice
fragments
Murray (1895); Cairns &
Bayer (2009)
Calyptrophora sp. 5 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Fanellia sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Narella regularis Kermadecs, Hawaii 1152 m volcanic mud and pumice
fragments
Murray (1895); Cairns &
Bayer (2009)
Narella sp. 4 New Zealand, Kermadecs deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Narella sp. 5 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Thouarella (Euthouarella)
moseleyi
endemic 1152 m volcanic mud and pumice
fragments
Murray (1895); Cairns &
Bayer (2009)
Thouarella sp. 1 New Zealand, Kermadecs deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Thouarella sp. 4 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ZOANTHIDAE
Palythoa sp.intertidal Morton & Miller (1968)
Isaurus fuscus intertidal rock pools Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
Zoanthus atroviridis intertidal Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
EPIZOANTHIDAE
Epizoanthus oliveri intertidal, amongst coralline algae Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
Epizoanthus sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ACTINIIDAE
Actinia tenebrosa Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
intertidal Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
Phlyctenactis tuberculosa
[Stuckey 1913 as P. retifera]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow subtidal Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
ACTINOSTOLIDAE
Isoparactis ferax
[Stuckey 1913 as Paractis ferax]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
intertidal Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
BOLOCEROIDIDAE
?Boloceroides sp. upper slope, Giggenbach seamount Beaumont et al. (2012)
METRIDIIDAE
Metridium canum Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
beneath rocks near low water Stuckey & Wellington (1913)
ACTINARIA incertae cedis
sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 3 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 4 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 5 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
POCILLOPORIDAE
Pocillopra damicornis Indo-Pacic low intertidal to about 25 m Schiel et al. (1986); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al. (2010)
ACROPORIDAE
Montipora caliculata Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal Achituv (2004); Gardner
et al. (2006); Wicks et al.
(2010)
Montipora capricornis Indo-Pacic low intertidal to 20 m depth Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
Montipoia spongodes Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 3–30 m depth Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
46 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
PORITIDAE
Alveopora ?spongiosa Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 12–33 m depth Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
SIDERASTREIDAE
Coscinaraea columna
[Kosmynin (1994) as Leptoseris
mycetoseroides]
Indo-Pacic low intertidal to 38 m depth Kosmynin (1994); Brook
(1999)
Psammocora haimeana Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 3–25 m depth Brook (1999)
AGARICIIDAE
Leptoseris scabra Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 15 m depth Brook (1999); Kosmynin
(1994); Wicks et al. (2010)
Pavona explanulata [Kosmynin
1994 as Leptoseris hawaiiensis]
Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 5–28 m depth Kosmynin (1994); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al. (2010)
FUNGIACYATHIDAE
Fungiacyathus fragilis Atlantic and Pacic 285–2200 m Cairns (1995)
FUNGIIDAE
Cycloseris vaughani Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 33 m depth Brook (1999)
MICRABACIIDAE
Letepsammia formosissima Indo-West Pacic 97–457 m Cairns (1995)
Letepsammia superstes Western Pacic 77–710 m Cairns (1995)
ANTHEMIPHYLLIIDAE
Anthemiphyllia dentata Western Pacic 280–570 m Cairns (1995)
MERULINIDAE
Hydnophora pilosa
[Kosmynin (1994) as
Hydnophora exesa]
nw Australia, Indonesia,
Philippines, ne Australia,
Western Central Pacic
shallow subtidal, low water to 30
m depth
Kosmynin (1994); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al.
(2010a, b)
FAVIIDAE
Cyphastrea serailia Indo-Pacic low intertidal to 30 m depth Schiel et al. (1986);
Kosmynin (1994); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al. (2010)
Goniastrea australensis Indo-Pacic low intertidal to 27 m depth Schiel et al. (1986);
Kosmynin (1994); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al. (2010)
Goniastrea favulus Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal Schiel et al. (1986);
Kosmynin (1994); Wicks
et al. (2010)
Leptastrea bewickensis Indo-Pacic low intertidal to 22 m depth Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
Montastrea curta Indo-Pacic low intertidal to 10 m depth Schiel et al. (1986);
Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010a, b)
Plesiastrea versipora Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, low water to more
than 45 m depth
Brook (1999)
OCULINIDAE
Madrepora oculata [Kosmynin
1994 as Madrepora vitiae]
Cosmopolitan 149–1500 m Kosmynin (1994); Cairns
(1995)
RHIZANGIIDAE
Culicia rubeola? Pacic Ocean rock and gravel substrata, 6–106 m
depth
Brook (1999)
47Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
FLABELLIDAE
Falcatoabellum raoulensis Endemic Cairns (1995); Rogers et
al. (2007)
Flabellum aotearoa Tasman and Coral Seas,
New Zealand, Kermadec
Ridge
130–1300 m Cairns (1995)
Flabellum hoffmeisteri Australia, Colville
Ridge, Kermadec Islands
110–660 m Cairns (1995)
Flabellum messum Western Pacic 368–1035 m Cairns (1995)
Gardineria hawaiiensis Western-Central Pacic 142–602 m Cairns (1995)
Javania lamprotichum Western-Central Pacic 244–710 m Cairns (1995)
Javania pachytheca Tasman and Coral Seas,
New Zealand, Kermadec
Ridge
360–1045 m Cairns (1995)
Polymyces wellsi New Zealand, Kermadecs,
Galapagos Islands
355–1165 m Cairns (1995)
Rhizotrochus abelliformis Western Pacic 228–419 m Cairns (1995)
Truncatoabellum dens Western Pacic 320–555 m Cairns (1995)
Truncatoabellum
pariparvoninum
Indo-Pacic 476–1450 m Cairns (1995)
Truncatoabellum phoenix Western Pacic 80–179 m Cairns (1995)
CARYOPHYLLIDAE
Anomocora cf. fecunda Atlantic and Pacic 145–388 m Cairns (1995)
Bourneotrochus stellulatus Western-Central Pacic 274–847 m Cairns (1995)
Caryophyllia compressa Western Pacic –
antitropica
402–757 m Cairns (1995)
Caryophyllia diomedeae Widespread 660–1200 m Cairns (1995)
Caryophyllia elongata Indo-Pacic 165–590 m Cairns (1995)
Caryophyllia hawaiiensis Western-Central Pacic 128–174 m Cairns (1995)
Caryophyllia lamellifera Indo-Pacic 89–1152 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Cairns (1995)
Caryophyllia rugosa Indo-West Pacic 71–439 m Cairns (1995)
Coenocyathus brooki Endemic roofs of caves and beneath
overhangs, 6–122 m
Cairns (1995); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al. (2010)
Conotrochus brunneus Indo-West Pacic 366–1089 m Cairns (1995)
Crispatotrochus rugosus Lord Howe Seamount
Chain, Kermadecs
142–508m Cairns (1995)
Deltocyathus formosus Norfolk Ridge,
Kermadec Islands
142–565 m Cairns (1995)
Desmophyllum dianthus Cosmopolitan 25–2460 m Cairns (1995)
Goniocorella dumosa Indo-Pacic, Southern
Ocean
1000 m Kosmynin (1994)
Notocyathus conicus Western Pacic 402–710 m Cairns (1995)
Rhizosmilia maculata Kermadecs, western
Atlantic
732–1153 m Murray (1895)
Solenosmilia variabilis Cosmopolitan 220–2165 m Cairns (1995)
Stephanocyathus spiniger Indo-West Pacic 120–695 m Cairns (1995)
Tethocyathus virgatus Western Pacic 142–530 m Cairns (1995)
Thalamophyllia tenuescens Western Pacic 200–315 m Cairns (1995)
Thrypticotrochus multilobatus Indo-West Pacic 95–925 m Cairns (1995)
Trochocyathus cepulla New Caledonia, Kermadecs 570–610 m Cairns (1995)
Trochocyathus gordoni Endemic 398–710 m Cairns (1995)
Trochocyathus hastatus Kermadec Islands, Tuvalu 366–710 m Cairns (1995)
Trochocyathus rhombocolumna Indo-Pacic 110–530 m Cairns (1995)
Vaughanella multipalifera Kermadec Ridge,
Raukumara Plain
1357–1450 m Cairns (1995)
48 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
GUYNIIDAE
Stenocyathus vermiformis Widespread 30–1229 m Cairns (1995)
Truncatoguynia irregularis Western Pacic 80–248 m Cairns (1995)
DENDROPHYLLIDAE
Balanophyllia crassitheca Lord Howe, Norfolk,
North Island, Kermadec
Ridge
190–508 m Cairns (1995)
Cladopsammia eguchii Pacic Ocean shallow subtidal, in cave 6–8 m
depth
Cairns (1995); Brook
(1999)
Dendrophyllia alcocki Indo-West Pacic 118–570 m Cairns (1995)
Dendrophyllia arbuscula Western Pacic 40–259 m Cairns (1995)
Dendrophyllia ijimai Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, overhanging rock
face at 22–24 m depth
Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
Eguchipsammia stula Indo-West Pacic 210–900 m Cairns (1995)
Eguchipsammia gaditana Widespread 57–988 m, mainly 100–200 m Cairns (1995)
Eguchipsammia japonica Western Pacic –
antitropical
142–785 m Cairns (1995)
Enallopsammia rostrata widespread 202–1384 m Cairns (1995); Clark et
al. (1999)
Endopachys grayi Indo-Pacic 37–386 m Cairns (1995)
Rhizopsammia cf.verrilli Indo-Pacic caves and under rock overhangs
from 6 m to at least 45 m depth
Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
Tubastrea coccinea Indo-Pacic under rock overhangs at 8–24 m
depth
Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
Tubastrea diaphana Indo-Pacic in caves and under rock overhangs
between 8 m and 30 m depth
Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010)
Turbinaria frondens Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 2–30 m depth Schiel et al. (1986);
Brook (1999); Wicks et
al. (2010a, b)
Turbinaria radicalis Indo-Pacic shallow subtidal, 1–25 m depth Kosmynin (1994); Brook
(1999); Wicks et al. (2010)
ANTIPATHIDAE
Antipathes cf. aperta deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Antipathes cf. gracilis upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Antipathes cf. strigosa upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Antipathes cf. sulpinnata/
fernandezi
deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Antipathes cf. ulex upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Antipathes sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Aphanipathes sp. 1 upper slope Clark et al. (1999);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Aphanipathes sp. 2 upper slope Clark et al. (1999);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Bathypathes sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Parantipathes cf. tenuispina upper slope Clark et al. (1999);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Parantipathes cf. columnaris upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Parantipathes cf. helichosticha upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Stichopathes cf. variabilis upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
unindentied sp. common on shallow reefs around
Raoul Is, 15–40 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
LEIOPATHIDAE
Leiopathes n. sp. (cf.
acanthophora)
deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
49Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Phylum CTENOPHORA
Class TENTACULATA
CESTIDAE
Cestus veneris cosmopolitan, warm
temperate-tropical
planktonic, epipelagic C. D. (pers. obs.) Boat
Harbour and Egeria Rock,
Raoul Is., August 2012
Phylum NEMERTEA
INCERTAE SEDIS.
unidentied sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Phylum CHAETOGNATHA
Class SAGITTOIDEA
SPADELLIDAE
Sagitta fowleri New Zealand and
Kermadecs
planktonic Benham (1911)
Phylum NEMATODA
Class SECERNENTEA
ANISAKIDAE
Paranisakiopsis macruri Kermadec Islands and
Subantarctic
parasitic on Coryphaenoides rudis Linstow (1888); Murray
(1895); Bruce et al. (1994)
Phylum ANNELIDA
Class POLYCHAETA
AMPHINOMIDAE
Amphinome jukesi
[Benham 1914b as A. nitida]
Australia, Kermadecs on otsam Benham (1914b)
Eurythoe complanata widespread intertidal pools Benham (1914b)
Hipponoa gaudichaudii
[Benham 1914b as Hipponoe
gaudichaudi]
widespread on otsam; often associated with
Lepas spp.
Benham (1914b)
EUNICIDAE
Eunice aphroditois widespread Benham (1914b)
Eunice sp. nov. aff. medicina Benham (1914b)
Eunice sp.
[M’Intosh 1885 as Nicidon bal-
fouriana, Challenger station 170]
volcanic mud, 951 m M’Intosh (1885); Glasby
& Read (1998)
Lysidice collaris var.
kermadecensis [L. collaris is
a widespread species/species
complex; the Australian Faunal
Directory lists L. collaris as a
junior synonym of L. ninetta]
Benham (1914b)
Palola siciliensis
[Benham 1914b as Eunice
siciliensis]
widespread Benham (1914b)
Paramarphysa sp. nov. aff. longula Benham (1914b)
OENONIDAE
Aracoda sp. nov. Benham (1914b)
ONUPHIDAE
Nothria sp. B Sonne and Havre seamounts Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 1 Havre, Haungaroa, Ngatoroirangi
and Sonne seamounts
Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 4 Havre seamount Beaumont et al. (2012)
50 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
GLYCERIDAE
Glycera lapidum North Atlantic, New
Zealand
Haungaroa seamount Beaumont et al. (2012)
NEREIDIDAE
Nereis sp. nov. A
(aff. melanocephala)
on otsam Benham (1914b)
Nereis sp. nov. C
(aff. masalaensis)
Benham (1914b)
Platynereis cf. tongatabuensis
[Benham 1914b as Nereis sp.
nov. B afn. N. tongatabuensis]
amongst coralline algae Benham (1914b)
PHYLLODOCIDAE
Phyllodoce macrolepidota Indo-Pacic beneath stones, near low water Benham (1914b)
Phyllodoce sp. nov. aff.
foliosopapillata
Benham (1914b)
POLYNOIDAE
Antinoe kermadecensis
[M’Intosh 1885 as Lagisca (?)
kermadecensis n.sp., Challenger
station 170]
endemic volcanic mud, 951 m M’Intosh (1885); Glasby
& Read (1998)
Branchipolynoe sp. commensal on Bathymodiolous sp.,
252–403 m Monowai seamount
McLay (2009)
?Gorgoniapolynoae sp. commensal on Errina sinuosa Cairns (1991)
[identication requires conrmation, Cairns 1991 simply stated
that the sinusoidal growth form of E. sinuosa was created by
its polychaete commensal; G. cairnsi and G. corralophila
are commensals of SW Pacic stylasterid corals, and
Benhamipolynoe spp. are found in stylasterid and antipatharian
corals from New Zealand and Australia]
Hyperhalosydna magnipalpa
[M’Intosh 1885 as Polynoe
magnipalpa; collected north of
Kermadecs at 28o 33’ S, 177o 50’
W, Challenger station 171]
endemic hard ground,1097 m M’Intosh (1885); Glasby
& Read (1998)
Lepidonotus glaucus Indo-Pacic Benham (1914b)
Lepidonotus simplicipes Australia, Kermadecs intertidal, beneath stones in gravel Benham (1914b)
sp. 8 Macauley cauldera Beaumont et al. (2012)
SERPULIDAE
Placostegus sp. Ngatoroirangi and Havre
seamounts
Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. A Macauley cauldera Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. C Macauley cauldera Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. D Havre and Giggenbach seamounts Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. E Giggenbach seamount Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. F Ngatoroirangi seamount and
Macauley cauldera
Beaumont et al. (2012)
SIGALIONIDAE
Sigalion sp. nov. aff. amboinensis sand, 36 m Benham (1914b)
SYLLIDAE
Odontosyllis polycera
[Benham 1914b as Odontosyllis
picta]
widespread amongst coralline algae Benham (1914b)
51Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
SIBOGLINIDAE
?Lamellibranchia sp. Monowai, Macauley and
Wright seamounts
hydrothermal vents, 248–1306 m Rowden & Clark (2006);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
MALDANIDAE
Notoproctus sp. A Haungaroa seamount Beaumont et al. (2012)
FLABELLIGERIDAE
Flabelligera bicolor New Zealand, Kermadecs intertidal pools Benham (1914a, b)
TEREBELLIDAE
Eupolymnia kermadecensis
[M’Intosh 1885 as Terebella
kermadecensis; collected north of
Kermadecs at 28o 33’ S, 177o 50’ W]
endemic hard ground,1097 m M’Intosh (1885)
MYZOSTOMIDAE
Myzostoma murrayi ectocommensal on Antedon
breviradia, 951 m
Murray (1895)
Myzostoma willemoesii ectocommensal on Antedon spp.,
951 m
Murray (1895)
Endomyzostoma tenuispinum
[von Graff 1885 and Glasby & Read
1998 as Myzostoma tenuispinum;
Challenger station 170]
New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
ectocommensal on Antedon spp.,
951 m
Glasby & Read (1998);
Lanterbecq et al. (2006)
Phylum SIPUNCULA
Class SIPUNCULIDEA
SIPUNCULIDAE
Sipunculus nudus cosmopolitan Benham (1911)
Class
PHASCOLOSOMATIDEA
PHASCOLOSOMATIDAE
Phascolosoma scolops
[Benham 1911 as Physcosoma
scolops; synonymy of
Phascolosoma annulatum with
P. scolops incorrect]
Indo-West Pacic abundant beneath stones and
amongst coralline turf in rockpools
Benham (1911)
ASPIDOSIPHONIDAE
Aspidosiphon coyi [Benham
1911 as Aspidosiphon truncatus]
Indo-Pacic amongst coralline algae in rock
pools
Benham (1911)
INCERTAE SEDIS
unidentied sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Phylum MOLLUSCA
Class POLYPLACOPHORA
LEPTOCHITONIDAE
Leptochiton norfolcensis
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Leptochiton norfolcensis
subtropicalis]
endemic Intertidal to shallow subtidal, under
stones
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Parachiton mestayerae [Brook
& Marshall 1998 as Leptochiton
(Parachiton) mestayerae]
endemic Intertidal to 45 m, under stones Brook & Marshall (1998);
Gardner et al. (2006)
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE
Ischnochiton intermedius
[Oliver 1915 as I. kermadecensis]
Kermadecs, Norfolk Intertidal to 10 m, under stones Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
52 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CALLOCHITONIDAE
Eudoxochiton nobilis
[Oliver 1915 as E. perplexus]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Shallow subtidal rocky reefs Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
MOPALIIDAE
Plaxiphora caelata
[Oliver 1915 as P. mixta]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Intertidal to shallow subtidal, in
crevices
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Plaxiphora sp. (NMNZ
M.217056)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
CHITONIDAE
Onithochiton oliveri endemic Intertidal in crevices Brook & Marshall (1998)
Rhyssoplax exasperata
[Oliver 1915 as R. corypheus]
endemic Shallow subtidal, beneath stones Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Sypharochiton themeropis
[as Chiton themeropis]
endemic Intertidal to shallow subtidal, in
crevices
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Class GASTROPODA
NACELLIDAE
Cellana craticulata
[Iredale 1910 as Helcioniscus
craticulatus; Oliver 1915 as C.
craticulatus, C. c. prolixus, C.
hedleyi, C. scopulinus and C.
vulcanius; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Cellana craticulatus]
endemic intertidal and shallow subtidal Iredale (1910); Oliver
(1915); Schiel et al. (1986);
Brook & Marshall (1998)
PATELLIDAE
Scutellastra kermadecensis
[Iredale 1910 as Ancistromesus
kermadecensis; Fleming
1973 and Brook & Marshall
1998 as Patella (Scutellastra)
kermadecensis; Schiel et al.
1986 as P. kermadecensis]
endemic intertidal to 3 m Iredale (1910); Oliver
(1915); Fleming (1973);
Schiel et al. (1986); Brook
& Marshall (1998); Wood
& Gardner (2007)
ANATOMIDAE
Anatoma sp. cf. aupouria
(AK.78544, NMNZ M.227088)
Kermadecs, Norfolk low intertidal, on algal covered
rocks
Brook & Marshall (1998)
SCISSURELLIDAE
Larocheopsis macrostoma endemic Geiger & Marshall (2012)
Sinezona macleani Kermadecs, Fiji, New
Caledonia, Indonesia
1000 m, off Curtis Is.; elsewhere
25–830 m
Geiger (2006)
Sinezona pacica [Oliver
1915 as Schismope pacicus;
subsequently as Sinezona
pacicus and Daizona pacica]
Kermadecs, Norfolk stones and biogenic substrata, low
water to 100 m depth
Oliver (1915); Brook
& Marshall (1998);
Marshall (2002)
FISSURELLIDAE
Diodora bollonsi endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Emarginula (Subzeidora)
connectens
Lord Howe, Norfolk,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Emarginula sp. (AK.79277,
NMNZ M.225687)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
ATAPHRIDAE
Acremondontina kermadecensis endemic 165–220 m off Raoul Island with
abundant alcyonarians, gorgonians
and sponges – trochaclidids are
usually found in the cavities of glass
sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida)
Marshall (1995)
53Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CHILODONTIDAE
Herpetopoma foveolata endemic 5–30 m, under stones Brook & Marshall (1998)
TURCICIDAE
Brookula stibarochila endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
Calliostoma (Fautor) consobrinum endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Calliostoma sp. 6 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
TROCHIDAE
Clanculus (Clanculopsis) atypicus endemic low water to 15 m, under stones Brook & Marshall (1998)
Monilea incerta endemic low water to 47 m, in gravel Brook & Marshall (1998)
Stomatella (Gena) oliveri endemic low water to 45 m, under stones Brook & Marshall (1998)
SOLARIELLIDAE
Solariella sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
TURBINIDAE
Tectus royanus endemic subtidal to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998);
Gardner et al. (2006)
CROSSEIDAE
Crossea sp. cf. miranda (NMNZ
M.25470)
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
LIOTIIDAE
Pareuchelus sp. (NMNZ
M.226877) [otherwise only
known from fossils]
dead specimens 38–274 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
SKENIDAE
Philorene texturata endemic Oliver (1915), Brook &
Marshall (1998)
ANGARIIDAE
Angaria delphinus [Oliver 1915
as A. tyria and A. distorta]
Indo-West Pacic Low water to 45 m, on algal
covered rock
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
COLLONIIDAE
Argalista sp. (NMNZ
M.226949)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Leptothyra kermadecensis
[Oliver 1915 as Leptothyra
picta]
endemic 5–40 m, in gravel and shelly sand Oliver (1915); Marshall
(1979); Brook & Marshall
(1998)
?PHASIANELLIDAE
sp. A (NMNZ M.225701) Brook & Marshall (1998)
NERITIDAE
Nerita (Lisanerita) melanotragus
[Brook & Marshall (1998) as
Nerita atramentosa]
Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Intertidal rocky shores Oliver (1915); Schiel
et al. (1986); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Nerita (Ritena) plicata tropical Pacic Intertidal rocky shores Brook & Marshall (1998)
CERITHIIDAE
Cerithium abditum tropical Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
Cerithium atromarginatum
[Oliver 1915 as C. bavayi]
tropical Pacic Shallow subtidal, on algal covered
rock
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Cerithium citrinum southwest Pacic 10–30 m, on algal covered rock Brook & Marshall (1998)
54 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Cerithium columna tropical Pacic 15–25 m, on algal covered rock Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cerithium echinatum tropical Pacic 10–30 m, on algal covered rock Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cerithium sp. cf. interstriatum tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cerithium matukense tropical Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
Cerithium nesioticum tropical Pacic 15–25 m, on rock Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cerithium ophioderma tropical Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
Pseudovertagus clava tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Royella sinon tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
SCALIOLIDAE
Finella sp. A (NMNZ
M.227070)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Finella sp. B (NMNZ M.227074) Brook & Marshall (1998)
Finella sp. C (AK.83583,
NMNZ M.227075)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Finella sp. D (NMNZ M.225872) Brook & Marshall (1998)
PLANAXIDAE
Hinea brasiliana Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Low intertidal, in crevices and
beneath rocks (abundant)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
LITTORINIDAE
Austrolittorina antipodum
[Oliver 1915 as Melaraphe
unifasciata; Brook & Marshall
(1998) as Nodilittorina
antipodum]
Australia, Lord
Howe, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Intertidal rocky shores Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Echinolittorina
(Granulilittorina) cinerea
[Oliver 1915 as Tectarius
feejeensis; Brook & Marshall 1998
as Nodilittorina novaezelandiae]
southwest Pacic Intertidal rocky shores Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Echinolittorina
(Granulilittorina) feejeensis
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Nodilittorina millegrana]
southwest Pacic Intertidal rocky shores Brook & Marshall (1998)
CAPULIDAE
Antisabia sp. cf. foliacea
(AK.6429, NMNZ M.214533)
[Oliver 1915 as Hipponix foliacea]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Cerithioderma sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
EATONIELLIDAE
Eatoniella iredalei endemic Shallow subtidal, on algal covered
rock
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Eatoniella sp. (NMNZ M.225862) Brook & Marshall (1998)
CINGULOPSIDAE
Eatonina sp. (NMNZ M.227090) Brook & Marshall (1998)
Skenella (Rufodardanula) sp.
(AK.78509, NMNZ M.227101)
[as Rufodardanula sp.]
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Tubbreva sp. (NMNZ M.227097) Brook & Marshall (1998)
RASTODENTIDAE
Rastodens electra endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
55Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CYPRAEIDAE
Erosaria cernica
[Oliver 1915 as Cypraea
aveola; Powell 1979 as E. c.
tomlini; Brook & Marshall 1998
as Cypraea cernica]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Powell
(1979); Brook & Marshall
(1998)
Erosaria poraria
[as Cypraea poraria]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Luria isabella
[as Cypraea Isabella]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Lyncina vitellus
[Oliver 1915 as Cypraea
carneola; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Cypraea vitellus]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Monetaria caputserpentis
[as Cypraea caputserpentis]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Monetaria moneta
[as Cypraea moneta]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Talostolida teres
[as Cypraea teres]
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Talparia talpa
[as Cypraea talpa]
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
OVULIDAE
Ovula costellata southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ovula ovum southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Phenacovolva rosea Indo-Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
NATICIDAE
Mammilla simiae
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Polinices (Mammilla) simiae]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Naticarius orientalis
[as Natica orientalis]
southwest Pacic sand, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Notocochlis gualteriana
[as Natica gualteriana]
tropical Pacic shelly sand, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Polinices tawhitirahia Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Tanea lemniscata
[Oliver 1915 as Natica sagittata;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
N. lemniscata]
southwest Pacic sand, low water to 20 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
ATLANTIDAE
Atlanta brunnea
[Oliver 1915 as Atlanta fusca]
cosmopolitan in warm
seas
pelagic Oliver (1915); Spencer et
al. (2011)
Atlanta gaudichaudi
[as Halopsyche gaudichaudi ]
cosmopolitan in warm
seas
pelagic Murray (1895)
ANABATHRIDAE
Amphithalamus (Notoscrobs)
sundayensis
Kermadecs, Norfolk Shallow subtidal, on algal covered
rocks
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Anabathron (Scrobs) sp. aff.
ovatus (AK.78496, NMNZ
M.227089)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
BARLEEIDAE
Fictonoba oliveri
[Oliver (1915) as Onoba carnosa]
endemic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
56 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
RISSOIDAE
Alvania kermadecensis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Benthonella sp. (NMNZ, MF25554) 402–366 m, Raoul Island Ponder (1985)
Manzonia (Simulamerelina)
sp. aff. longinqua (AK.78525,
NMNZ M.212370) [Oliver 1915
as Merelina pisinna]
Kermadecs, Norfolk
Island
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Manzonia (Simulamerelina) sp.
(AK.78521)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Onoba kermadecensis
[Oliver 1915 as O. candidissima;
Powell 1927 as Austronoba
kermadecensis]
endemic Oliver (1915); Powell
(1927); Brook & Marshall
(1998)
Pusillina (Haurakia) wallacei endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Rissoina costata
[Oliver 1915 as R. plicata and
R. angasi]
tropical Pacic Low water to 15m, under stones Powell (1927); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Rissoina (Apataxia) miltozona
[Sleurs 1993 synonymised this
species with R. cerithiiformis]
Indo-Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Rissoina sp. (AK.78517) Brook & Marshall (1998)
Schwartziella (Pandalosia)
scalariformis
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Stosicia (Isseliella) chiltoni Easter Is., Pitcairn,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Stosicia (Isseliella) polytropa southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Zebina bidentata
[Oliver (1915) as Z. cooperi]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
ELACHISINIDAE
Elachisina sp. (AK.83551) Brook & Marshall (1998)
TORNIDAE
Cyclostremiscus sp. (NMNZ
M.226735)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cyclostremiscus sp. cf.
mareletopoma (NMNZ
M.227082)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
CAECIDAE
Caecum (Brochina) maori
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Caecum (Brochina) solitarium]
endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
ASSIMINEIDAE
Assiminea vulgaris
[Oliver 1915 as A. nitida]
North Island, Kermadecs Splash zone, on rock Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Suterilla neozelanica
[Powell 1979 as Assiminea
(Suterilla) neozelanica]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Splash zone, on rocks amongst
decaying algae
Powell (1979); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
VERMETIDAE
Dendropoma sp. (AK.98052,
NMNZ M.224488)
Low water to 30 m, on rock and
shell
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Serpulorbis sp. (AK.77742,
NMNZ M.214592)
Low intertidal to 5m, on rock Brook & Marshall (1998)
57Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
STROMBIDAE
Canarium haemastoma
[Oliver 1915 as Strombus
elegans; Brook & Marshall 1998
as S. haemastoma]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Canarium mutablilis
[Oliver 1915 as Strombus
urceus; Brook & Marshall 1998
as S. mutablilis]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Euprotomus vomer [Oliver 1915
as Alata aratrum; Bozzetti &
Sargent 2011 as Euprotomus kiwi]
Indo-Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Thersistrombus thersites
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Strombus thersites]
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
CASSIDAE
Casmaria perryi Easter Is., Pitcairn,
Kermadecs, New
Zealand, Norfolk, Lord
Howe, Australia
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Oocorys sulcata widespread upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Semicassis royanum Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Semicassis sophia
[Oliver 1915 as Cassudea
pyrum]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
HIPPONICIDAE
Sabia conica
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Hipponix conicus]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
TONNIDAE
Malea pomum tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Tonna melanostoma southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Tonna perdix tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
BURSIDAE
Bursa granularis tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Bursa rosa
[Oliver 1915 as B. mammata]
southwest Pacic sand pockets on reefs, 10–40 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Bursa verrucosa
[Oliver 1915 as B. papilla]
Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rocky reefs, low water to 30 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Tutufa bufo
[Oliver 1915 as Bursa
siphonata; Brook & Marshall
1998 also as B. bubo lissostoma]
southwest Pacic rocky reefs, 5–30 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
FICIDAE
Thalassocyon tui North Island, Kermadecs 746–2640 m Dell (1967); Powell (1979)
RANELLIDAE
Cabestana spengleri Australia, Norfolk Is.,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
rocky reefs, low water to 10 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cabestana tabulata
[Oliver 1915 as Cymatium
waterhousei]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
58 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Charonia lampas Australia, Norfolk
Is., New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rocky reefs, low water to 10 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Charonia tritonis tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Monoplex exaratus
[as Cymatium (Monoplex)
exaratum]
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Monoplex nicobaricus
[as Cymatium (Monoplex)
nicobaricum]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Monoplex parthenopeus
[as Cymatium (Monoplex)
parthenopeum]
southwest Pacic rocky reefs, low water to 10 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ranularia dunkeri
[Oliver 1915 as Cymatium
dunkeri; Brooks & Marshall
1998 as C. (Ranularia) iredalei]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Turritriton labiosus
[as Cymatium (Turritriton)
labiosum]
worldwide rocky reefs, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ranella australasia Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rocky reefs, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Sassia parkinsonia Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
VANIKORIDAE
Vanikoro wallacei endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
HALOCERATIDAE
Zygoceras tropidophora New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
Spencer et al. (2011)
TRIVIIDAE
Proterato lachryma southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Proterato sp. (AK.78518,
NMNZ M.226985)
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Trivellona valerieae New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Trivirostra oryza
[as Trivia (Trivirostra) oryza]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Trivirostra pellucidula [Oliver
1915 as Trivia desirabilis; Brook
& Marshall 1998 as Trivia
(Trivirostra) pellucidula]
tropical Pacic cryptic, in crevices Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
VELUTINIDAE
Lamellaria ophione
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Lamellaria sp. (AK.132093)]
North Island, Kermadecs Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
XENOPHORIDAE
Xenophora neozelanica
kermadecensis
[Oliver 1915 as X. corrugata]
endemic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
EPITONIIDAE
Alora billeeana
[as Epitonium billeeana]
southwest Pacic on Tubastrea and Rhizopsammia,
10–25 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Amaea (Scalina) thielei southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
59Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Cycloscala sp. cf. hyalina
(NMNZ M.225868)
[as Epitonium sp. cf. hyalinum]
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Epitonium sp. (NMNZ
M.225813)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Gyroscala (Pomiscala)
lamellosa [Oliver 1915 as
Epitonium perplexum]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Opalia sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
JANTHINIDAE
Janthina exigua cosmopolitan in warm seas epipelagic Oliver (1915)
Janthina janthina
[ as Janthina violacea]
cosmopolitan in warm seas epipelagic Oliver (1915)
Janthina umbilicata
[Oliver 1915 as Janthina
globosa in part]
cosmopolitan in warm seas epipelagic Oliver (1915); Spencer et
al. (2011)
Recluzia rollandiana
[Oliver 1915 as R. lutea]
cosmopolitan in warm seas epipelagic Oliver (1915); Spencer et
al. (2011)
ACLIDIDAE
Larochella sp. (AK.79280,
NMNZ M.226768)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
EULIMIDAE
Asterophila sp. endemic endoparasite of asteroids Spencer et al. (2011)
Eulima perspicua Brook & Marshall (1998)
Fuscapex ophioacanthicola endemic parasitic on Ophioacantha sp.,
1189–1225 m
Warén (1981)
Melanella kermadecensis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Melanella perplexa endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Melanella spinosa endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ophieulima fuscoapicata endemic parasitic on Ophiactis profundi,
1189–1225 m
Warén (1981)
Punctifera ophiomoerae endemic parasitic on Ophiomoeris obstricta,
1189–1225 m
Warén (1981)
Pyramidelloides (Teretianax)
suteri [Ponder 1985 as
Teretianax suteri]
southwest Pacic Ponder (1985); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Stilapex sp. endemic parasitic on Ophiothrix oliveri,
29 m
Warén (1981); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Stilifer sp. endemic parasite of Acheronaster tumidus,
110–146 m
Warén (1981)
ACLIDIDAE
Graphis sculpturata endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
CERITHIOPSIDAE
Ataxocerithium sp. (AK.79279,
NMNZ M.227011)
endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cerithiopsis powelli Easter Is., Kermadecs,
New Zealand
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Sundaya exquisita endemic 10–30 m, gravel Oliver (1915)
Sundaya tuberculata Kermadecs, New
Zealand
Brook & Marshall (1998);
Spencer et al. (2011)
sp. A (NMNZ M.262498) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. B (NMNZ M.223360) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. C (AK.83554, NMNZ
M.223363)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
60 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
sp. D (NMNZ M.223371)
[Oliver (1915) as Joculator
pinea]
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. E (AK.83553, NMNZ
M.212406) [Oliver 1915 as
Joculator aelomitres]
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
sp. F (NMNZ M.225736) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. G (NMNZ M.227060) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. H (AK.83577, NMNZ
M.223366)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. I (AK.83547, M.223367) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. J (NMNZ M.225880) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. K (NMNZ M.262497) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. L (AK.83560, M.223361) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. M (AK.83586, NMNZ
M.223368)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
TRIPHORIDAE
Bouchetriphora pallida southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Euthymella sp. (NMNZ
M.262681)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Iniforis sp. cf. chaperi [Oliver
1915 as Triphora jousseaumi]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Mastonia sp. cf. evanida
(AK.79290, NMNZ M.230810)
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Mesophora granosa New Zealand, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Metaxia exaltata New Zealand, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Metaxia kermadecensis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Nototriphora aupouria New Zealand, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Nototriphora sp. aff. aupouria
(AK.79296, NMNZ M.223741)
endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Sagenotriphora ampulla Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Subulophora rutilans southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Subulophora sp. (AK.94761,
NMNZ M.214588)
endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Viriola cancellata southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Viriola sp. cf. intergranosa
(NMNZ M.227340) [Oliver
1915 as Sinistroseila incisus]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Viriola sp. cf. vulpina
(AK.79293, NMNZ M.227054)
southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. A (AK.79274, NMNZ
M.212380) [Oliver (1915) as
Triphora granifera]
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. B (Ak.79288, NMNZ
M.227044)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. C (AK.79273, NMNZ
M.223375)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. D (NMNZ M.227047) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. E (AK.79286, NMNZ
M.214589)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. F (NMNZ M.214590) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. G (NMNZ M.227052) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. H (NMNZ M.214591) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. I ((NMNZ M.262682) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. J (AK.79284) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. K (AK.79281) Brook & Marshall (1998)
61Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
BUCCINIDAE
Engina spica [as Cantharus
(Enginella) spica]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Prodotia iostoma [as Cantharus
(Prodotia) iostomus]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pisania hedleyi endemic under stones, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
BUCCINULIDAE
Aeneator recens New Zealand, Kermadecs 284–521 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Nassaria (Microfusus) spinigera
[Dell 1967 and Powell 1979 as
Benthindsia miriamae]
western Pacic seamounts, 530–680 m Dell (1967); Powell (1979)
Phos hirasei Indo-Pacic Cernohorsky (1978)
Phos (Strongylocera) textilis tropical Pacic sand pockets on reefs, 15 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
COLUMBELLIDAE
Euplica varians [Oliver 1915
as Columbella varians and
C. versicolor; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Pyrene varians]
tropical Pacic under stones, low water Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Mitrella ligula tropical Pacic sand pockets on reefs, 15 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Mitrella sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Zafra fuscolineata endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Zafra kermadecensis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
FASCIOLARIIDAE
Chryseofusus chrysodomoides
[as Fusinus chrysodomoides]
Indo-West Pacic upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Fusinus genticus
[Oliver 1915 as F. toreuma;
Powell 1967 as F. galatheae]
Pitcairn, Kermadecs,
New Zealand, Norfolk
rock and gravel, 5–118 m Oliver (1915); Powell
(1967); Brook & Marshall
(1998)
NASSARIIDAE
Nassarius ephamillus Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Nassarius (Telasco) gaudiosus tropical Pacic sand, low water to 47 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Nassarius (Niothoa) nodifer
[Oliver (1915) as Arcularia
scalaris; Brook & Marshall
(1998) as Nassarius nodiferus]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Nassarius (Alectrion) spiratus
[Oliver 1915 as Arcularia]
Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
sand, low water to 30 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
MURICIDAE
Babelomurex lischkeanus Indo-Pacic 91–273 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Coralliophila bulbiformis
[Oliver 1915 as C. nivea]
Indo-West Pacic on scleractinian corals, 15–29 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998); Marshall
& Oliverio (2009)
Coralliophila monodonta
[Oliver 1915 as Quoyula
madreporarium; Brook &
Marshall 1998 as Q. monodonta]
Indo-Pacic on Pocillopora damicornis, 0–27 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998); Marshall
& Oliverio (2009)
Coralliophila radula
[Oliver 1915 as C. neritoidea]
Indo-West Pacic on scleractinian corals, 0–30 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998); Marshall
& Oliverio (2009)
Coralliophila sertata southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
on antipatharian corals, 79–805 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Coralliophila sp. aff. sertata North Island, Kermadecs among anemones, 0–48 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Coralliophila solutistoma western Pacic 111–490 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
62 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Coralliophila squamosissima
[Oliver 1915 as C. lischkeana;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Coralliophila sertata]
Indo-West Pacic associated with zoanthid and
anemones, 0–23 m
Oliver (1915); Marshall
& Oliverio (2009)
Dicathais orbita
[Oliver 1915 as Neothais
succincta]
Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rocky intertidal Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Favartia garrettii
[as Hexaplex puniceus]
tropical and subtropical
western and central Pacic
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Hirtomurex marshalli southwest Pacic 350–850 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Hirtomurex tangaroa North Island, Kermadecs 698–1140 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Latiaxis pilsbryi western Pacic 366–422 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Leptoconchus sp.
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Magilus antiquus in part]
southwest Pacic on scleractinian coral, 27–29 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Maculotriton serriale
[Oliver 1915 as M. bracteatus]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Magilus sp. cf. antiquus
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as M.
antiquus]
Indo-Pacic within hermatypic coral colonies Brook & Marshall (1998);
Marshall & Oliverio
(2009)
Mipus matsumotoi Indo-West Pacic 465–756 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Morula (Oppomorus) nodulifera
[Oliver 1915 as M. chaidea]
tropical Pacic rocky reefs, low water to 20 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Morula palmeri [Oliver (1915)
as Neothais dealbata]
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rock and gravel, low water to 45 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Neothais smithi
[Schiel et al. 1986 as Morula
(Neothais) smittii; Gardner et al.
2006 as Morula smittii]
Lord Howe, Norfolk,
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
rocky reefs, low water to 20 m Morton & Miller (1968);
Schiel et al. (1986);
Brook & Marshall (1998);
Gardner et al. (2006)
Poirieria zelandica [as Murex
(Phyllonotus) zelandicus]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Murray (1895)
Rhizochilus sp. cf. antipathum southwest Pacic on antipatharian corals, 70 m Marshall & Oliverio (2009)
Trophon subtropicalis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
COSTELLARIIDAE
Vexillum (Costellaria)
angustissimum
tropical Pacic gravel, 20–50 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Vexillum (Costellaria) castum tropical Pacic Cernohorsky (1978)
Vexillum (Costellaria) iredalei endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Vexillum (Costellaria) sculptile tropical Pacic Cernohorsky (1978)
CYSTISCIDAE
Cystiscus sp. (AK.78470,
NMNZ M.212384) [Oliver 1915
as Marginella angasi]
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Granulina sp. cf. bougei Spencer et al. (2011)
Pugnus parvus Australia, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
HARPIDAE
Harpa amouretta tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
MARGINELLIDAE
Serrata raoulica [Oliver 1915 as
Marginella mustelina; Powell 1979
as Marginella sp.; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Serrata sp. aff. mustelina]
endemic Oliver (1915); Brook
& Marshall (1998);
Marshall (2004)
Serrata sp. (AK.78542, NMNZ
M.227078) [Powell 1979 as
Marginella sp.]
Powell (1979); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
63Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
MITRIDAE
Cancilla (Ziba) cernohorskyi Pitcairn, Kermadecs,
Lord Howe
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Cancilla (Ziba) cf. rehderi Cernohorsky (1978)
Cancilla (Ziba) kermadecensis endemic Cernohorsky (1978)
Mitra carbonaria Australia, Norfolk
Is., New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Mitra mitra tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Mitra (Nebularia) coronata tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Mitra (Strigatella) fastigium tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Mitra (Strigatella) typha tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Neocancilla takiisaoi
[Oliver 1915 as Mitra
lanceolata]
tropical Pacic gravel, 68 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
?Mitridae sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
VOLUTIDAE
Lyria insignata [Oliver 1915 as
L. insignita; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Lyria nucleus]
Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
sand and ne gravel, 10–30 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
VOLUTOMITRIDAE
Microvoluta royana southwest Pacic Cernohorsky (1978)
OLIVIDAE
Amalda (Baryspira) raoulensis endemic presumably in subtidal sediments Brook & Marshall (1998)
BORSONIIDAE
Apaturris expeditionis
[Oliver (1915) as Mitramorpha]
gravel, 31–47 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
CONIDAE
Asprella bruuni [Oliver 1915 as
C. maculosus; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Conus bruuni]
tropical Pacic reefs, coarse sand and gravel,
15–85 m
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Calamiconus lischkeanus
[Oliver 1915 as Conus kerma-
decensis; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Conus lischkeanus]
tropical Pacic reefs, low water to 50 m, common
amongst algae
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Cylinder textile
[as Conus textile]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Darioconus magnicus
[as Conus magnicus]
tropical Pacic reefs, 15–30 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Endemoconus raoulensis
[as Conus raoulensis]
Kermadecs, Norfolk Brook & Marshall (1998)
Harmoniconus sponsalis
[as Conus sponsalis]
tropical Pacic algal covered reefs, 15 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Kioconus nielsenae
[Powell 1958 as C. planorbis;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Conus nielseni]
tropical Pacic gravel, 29–36 m Powell (1958); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Lividoconus lividus
[as Conus lividus]
tropical Pacic reefs, 10–20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Miliariconus coronatus
[Oliver 1915 as Conus minimus;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Conus coronatus]
tropical Pacic reefs, low water to 20 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
64 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Miliariconus miliaris
[as Conus miliaris]
tropical Pacic reefs, 15 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Protostrioconus obscurus
[as Conus obscurus]
tropical Pacic reef, 5 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pionoconus striatus
[as Conus striatus]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Rhizoconus capitaneus
[as Conus capitaneus]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Rhizoconus miles
[as Conus miles]
tropical Pacic reefs, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Virroconus chaldeus
[Oliver 1915 as C. vermiculatus;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Conus chaldeus]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Virgiconus coelinae
[Oliver 1915 as Conus virgo;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Conus coelinae]
tropical Pacic reefs, 15–30 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Virgiconus avidus
[as Conus avidus]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. A (NMNZ M.226945) Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. B (NMNZ M.226700) Brook & Marshall (1998)
CLATHURELLIDAE
Etrema hedleyi endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Lienardia roseocincta tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Lienardia sp. gravel, 38 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
DRILLIIDAE
Iredalea subtropicalis tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
MANGELIIDAE
Liracraea sp. Brook & Marshall (1998)
Macteola interrupta
[Oliver 1915 as Mangilia bella]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
RAPHITOMIDAE
Hemilienardia apiculata
[as Lienardia (Hemilienardia)
apiculata]
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Kermia benhami endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pontiothauma sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
TEREBRIDAE
Hastula penicillata
[Oliver 1915 as Terebra venosa]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Perirhoe circumcincta [as
Terebra circumcincta]
tropical Pacic sand, 10–30 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Terenolla pygmaea tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
TURRIDAE
Iotyrris cingulifera
[as Xenoturris cingulifera]
tropical Pacic reefs, 10–20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Xenoturris millepunctata tropical Pacic Powell (1976)
sp. 23 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 24 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
65Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ORBITESTELLIDAE
Boschitestella sp. (AK.78506;
NMNZ M.226888)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Orbitestella sp. (NMNZ
M.212378)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
ACTEONIDAE
Maxacteon ammeus
[as Acteon variegatus]
tropical Pacic gravel, 37 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pupa sulcata tropical Pacic sand and ne gravel, 15–30 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
APLUSTRIDAE
Hydatina physis tropical Pacic sand and ne gravel, 4–20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Micromelo undatus tropical Pacic ne gravel, 4 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
BULLINIDAE
Bullina lineata tropical Pacic sand and ne gravel, low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Bullina vitrea tropical Pacic ne gravel, 4 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
CYLICHINIDAE
Cylichna thetidis Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Acteocina cf. apicina
[as Tornatina sp. cf. apicina]
Australia, Kermadecs shelly sand and gravel, 20–30 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
ARCHITECTONICIDAE
Adelphotectonica reevei southwest Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
Architectonica maxima southwest Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
Granosolarium gemmiferum southwest Pacic Spencer et al. (2011)
Heliacus variegatus tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Heliacus (Gyriscus) asteleformis southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Heliacus (Torinista) implexus
[Oliver 1915 as H. stramineus]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Psilaxis oxytropis [Oliver 1915
as Architectonica radiata]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Solatisonax injussa Spencer et al. (2011)
Solatisonax aff. alleryi Spencer et al. (2011)
Spirolaxis argonauta Spencer et al. (2011)
Spirolaxis cornuarietis Spencer et al. (2011)
Spirolaxis rotulacatharinea Spencer et al. (2011)
OMALOGYRIDAE
Ammonicera sp. A (NMNZ
M.227092)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ammonicera sp. B (AK.78504;
NMNZ M.226891)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
PYRAMIDELLIDAE
Besla insularis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Eulimella inexpectata endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Epigrus gracilis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Epigrus insularis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Epigrus sp. aff. gracilis
(AK.83543, NMNZ M.214543)
endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Herviera sp. cf. isidella
(AK.78478; NMNZ M.225837)
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
66 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Hinemoa punicea endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Miralda austropacica Kermadecs, Norfolk Brook & Marshall (1998)
Odostomia sp. cf. clara (NMNZ
M.212407)
Australia, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Odostomia sp cf. metata
(NMNZ M.212398)
Australia, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Otopleura mitralis tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pyramidella sulcata
[Oliver 1915 as P. terebelloides]
tropical Pacic sand patches on reefs, 10–20 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Pyramidella terebellum tropical Pacic sand, 42–47 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Terelimella sp. (AK.98054) Brook & Marshall (1998)
Turbonilla oceanica endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
RISSOELLIDAE
Rissoella (Jeffreysiella) secunda Lord Howe, Kermadecs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Rissoella sp. (NMNZ M.225853) sand, 22–27 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
BULLIDAE
Bulla vernicosa
[Oliver 1915 as Bullaria
peasiana; Brook & Marshall
1998 as Bulla angasi]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
HAMINOEIDAE
Haminoea sp. (AK.83561;
NMNZ M.212450)
Kermadecs, Norfolk Brook & Marshall (1998)
Limulatys sp. cf. muscarius
(AK.78477, NMNZ M.227014)
tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
PHILINIDAE
Philine sp. A (AK.78469,
NMNZ M.212480)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Philine sp. B (NMNZ
M.226608)
gravel, 42–47 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
AGLAJIDAE
Chelidonura hirundinina Indo - West Pacic reef, 12 m; Raoul Is., 19 March 2006 Rudman (2006)
APLYSIIDAE
Aplysia (Varria) dactylomela tropical Pacic algal covered reefs, low intertidal
to immediate subtidal
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Aplysia (Varria) extraordinaria tropical Pacic sand and ne gravel, low water to
30 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Aplysia (Pruvotaplysia) parvula cosmopolitan algal covered reefs, low intertidal
to immediate subtidal
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Dolabrifera brazieri Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
reefs and gravel, intertidal and
shallow subtidal
Morton & Miller (1968);
Brook & Marshall (1998)
OXYNOIDAE
Oxynoe sp. cf. viridis tropical Pacic algal covered reefs, low intertidal
to immediate subtidal
Brook & Marshall (1998)
JULIIDAE
Julia exquisita Indo-Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
VOLVATELLIDAE
Volvatella sp. [as Arthessa sp.] intertidal Caulerpa beds Morton & Miller (1968)
67Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
UMBRACULIDAE
Unmbraculum umbraculum tropical Pacic reefs, low water to 10 m Marshall (1981); Willan
& Morton (1984); Brook
& Marshall (1998)
PLEUROBRANCHIDAE
Berthellina citrina Indo-Pacic reefs, shallow subtidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
CHROMODORIDIDAE
Goniobranchus rufomaculatus Indo-Pacic reefs, 5 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Glossodoris aeruginosa Great Barrier Reef, New
Caledonia, Kermadecs
photographed by P.
Mesley, Raoul Is., March
2006
DISCODORIDIDAE
Halgerda willeyi Indo-West Pacic reefs, 10–30 m Brook (1999); Skipworth
(2006a)
PHYLLIDIIDAE
Phyllidiella pustulosa Indo-Pacic reefs, 6–38 m Brook & Marshall (1998);
Skipworth (2006b)
POLYCERIDAE
Heteroplocamus pacicus
[Murray 1895 as Euplocamus
pacicus]
endemic volcanic mud, 1152 m; Challenger
station 170a
Murray (1895); Spencer
et al. (2011)
FACELINIDAE
Phyllodesmium magnum Indo-Pacic algal covered reef, 8 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pteraeolidia ianthina Indo-Pacic reefs, 5m Brook & Marshall (1998)
?Phidiana sp.
[det. W. B. Rudman, http://www.
seaslugforum.net/nd/16483]
reef, 12 m; Denham Bay, 22 March
2006
Skipworth (2006c)
TERGIPEDIDIDAE
Phestilla melanobrachia Indo-Pacic ahermatypic dendrophyllid corals,
10–20 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
SIPHONARIIDAE
Siphonaria raoulensis
[Oliver 1915 as S. raoulensis,
S. amphibia, S. cheesemani, S.
macauleyensis, S. macauleyensis
perplexa]
endemic intertidal reef and boulders Oliver (1915); Schiel
et al. (1986); Brook &
Marshall (1998); Wood &
Gardner (2007)
Williamia radiata nutata
[Oliver 1915 as Roya
nutatus; Powell 1979 as R.
kermadecensis]
tropical Pacic intertidal Oliver (1915); Powell
(1979); Brook & Marshall
(1998)
ELLOBIIDAE
Leuconopsis pacica endemic intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
Melampus luteus tropical Pacic intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
Melampus albus tropical Pacic intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
TRIMUSCULIDAE
Trimusculus conica
[as Gadinia conica]
Australia, Norfolk Is.,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
under boulders, low intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
68 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Class BIVALVIA
NUCULIDAE
Pronucula kermadecensis Kermadecs, Norfolk low water to 20 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
ARCIDAE
Acar plicata
[Oliver 1915 as Arca reticulata;
Iredale 1939 as A. dubia kerma]
tropical Pacic crevices and under boulders, low
intertidal to 130 m
Oliver (1915); Iredale
(1939); Brook & Marshall
(1998)
Barbatia sp. cf. nuttingi
(AK.78475, NMNZ M.214614)
tropical Pacic crevices and under boulders,
shallow subtidal
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Barbatia decussata
[Oliver 1915 as Arca foliata]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Barbatia sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Bentharca sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Samacar sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Limopsis sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PHILOBRYIDAE
Cosa sp. (AK.83555, NMNZ
M.214621) [Oliver 1915 as
Philobrya costata]
endemic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Philobrya sp. (AK.83546,
NMNZ M.2320777)
endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
MYTILIDAE
Bathymodiolus tangaroa western Pacic hydrothermal vents on Giggenbach
and Macauley, 160–723 m
Marshall (2003); Jones
& Vrijenhoek (2006);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Gigantidas gladius Kermdec Ridge hydrothermal vents, 216–755 m Marshall (2003);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Crenella sp. (AK.83584, NMNZ
M.225435)
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Dacrydium sp. aff. pelseneeri
(AK.78468; NMNZ M.226795)
gravel, 80–274 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Trichomusculus barbatus
[Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Gregariella barbata]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
Lithophaga sp. (NMNZ M.213891)
[Oliver (1915) as L. straminea]
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Musculus cumingianus
[Oliver 1915 as M. impacta;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as M.
cumingiana]
tropical Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Modiolus auriculatus tropical Pacic intertidal reefs Brook & Marshall (1998)
Septifer cumingii
[Oliver 1915 as S. bilocularis;
Brook & Marshall 1998 as
Septifer sp. cf. bryanae]
tropical Pacic crevices and under boulders, low
intertidal to 110 m
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Vulcanidas insolatus
[Smith et al. 2004 and Jones et
al. 2005 as NZ-3 ‘squat morph’]
endemic hydrothermal vents on Giggenbach
and Macauley, 140–272 m
von Cosel & Marshall
(2010); Beaumont et al.
(2012)
PINNIDAE
Streptopinna saccata tropical Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
PTERIIDAE
Pinctada maculata [Oliver 1915
as Pinclada vulgaris]
tropical Pacic rock pools and immediate subtidal Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Pteria avicular southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
69Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ISOGNOMONIDAE
Isognomon (Parviperna) sp.
cf. nucleus (AK.64293, NMNZ
M.214626)
tropical Pacic crevices, intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
PECTINIDAE
Annachlamys iredalei southwest Pacic attached to algae and cnidarians,
15–60 m
Dijkstra & Marshall (1997);
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Pascahinnites coruscans
[Oliver 1915 as Chlamys
cellularis; otherwise as C.
coruscans]
Indo-West Pacic intertidal–24 m Oliver (1915); Dijkstra &
Marshall (1997, 2008);
Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ciclopecten uctuatus Indo-West Pacic 225–566 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Cryptopecten bullatus Indo-West Pacic 82–460 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Mimachlamys sanguinea Indo-West Pacic intertidal–74 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Pascahinnites coruscans
coruscans
Indo-West Pacic intertidal–82 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Annachlamys iredalei Coral Sea to Kermadec
Islands
15–183 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Pecten raoulensis endemic 50–146 m Dijkstra & Marshall
(1997; 2008); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
PROPEAMUSSIIDAE
Cyclochlamys lemchei
[Powell 1958 as Chlamydella
favus lemchei]
Wallis & Futuna Island,
Kermadecs
82–165 m Dijkstra & Marshall
(1997; 2008); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Cyclopecten horridus New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
538–600 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Cyclopecten kermadecensis
[Murray 1895 as Pecten
kermadecensis]
endemic 1097–1225 m, volcanic mud and
pumice
Murray (1895); Dijkstra
& Marshall (1997; 2008)
Parvamussium cristatellum Indo-West Pacic 348–549 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Parvamussium retiolum Coral Sea to Kermadecs 316–1000 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Parvamussium squalidulum Coral Sea to Kermadecs 146–610 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Propeamussium investigatoris Indo-West Pacic 292–621 m, on hard substrata Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Propeamussium sibogai Indo-West Pacic 589–725 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
SPONDYLIDAE
Spondylus nicobaricus
[Dijkstra & Marshall 1998 as
S. sparsispinosus]
Indo-West Pacic 155–841 m, on reefs Dijkstra & Marshall
(2008); Huber (2010)
Spondylus occidens [Dijkstra &
Marshall 2008 also as S. jamarci]
Indo-West Pacic 73–319 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Spondylus ostreoides endemic 950 m, volcanic mud; Challenger
station 170
Murray (1895); Dijkstra
& Marshall (2008)
Spondylus proneri Indo-West Pacic 398 m Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
Spondylus raoulensis endemic under overhangs on reefs, 0–115 m Brook & Marshall (1998);
Gardner et al. (2006);
Dijkstra & Marshall (2008)
ANOMIIDAE
Pododesmus (Monia) sp. cf.
zelandius (AK.78584, NMNZ
M.222022)
attached to rock and bioclasts,
5–160 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
LIMIDAE
Divarilima sydneyensis Australia, Norfolk Is.,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
under stones, intertidal to 15 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
70 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Limatula (Limatuletta) insularis endemic Brook & Marshall (1998)
Limatula (Stabilima) oliveri
[Oliver 1915 as L. bullata]
southwest Pacic Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Lima sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
GRYPHAEIDAE
Parahyotissa sp. [Brook &
Marshall 1998 as Saccostrea sp.
(NMNZ M.226969)]
Indo-West Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998):
B. A. Marshall pers. comm.
LUCINIDAE
Bathyaustriella thionipta endemic hydrothermal vents, Macauley
cauldera, 480–500 m
Glover et al. (2004);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ctena bella tropical Pacic shelly sand, low water to 30 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
UNGULINIDAE
Diplodonta sp. aff. rakiura
(NMNZ M.266058)
[Oliver 1915 as D. zelandica]
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
CHAMIDAE
Chama plinthota
[Oliver 1915 as C. foliacea]
southwest Pacic attached to rock, low water to 20 m Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Chama sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
LASAEIDAE
Lasaea sp. aff. rubra (NMNZ
M.256360)
[Oliver (1915) as L. miliaris]
algal covered rock, low intertidal Brook & Marshall (1998)
GALEOMMATIDAE
Scintilla stevensoni Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
crevices and under stones, low
water to 20 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. A (AK.78479; NMNZ
M.212464)
under stones, intertidal to 15 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
sp. B (AK.78569) Kermadecs, Norfolk
Island
under stones, 12 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
NEOLEPTONIDAE
Neolepton antipodum Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Brook & Marshall (1998)
CRASSATELLIDAE
Crassatina iredalei
[as Talabrica iredalei]
endemic gravel, 24–274 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
CARDIIDAE
Acrosterigma sorenseni
[as Trachycardium sorenseni]
endemic shelly sand, 15–47 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
MACTRIDAE
Lutraria (Psammophila) bruuni
[Oliver 1915 as L. magna]
Kermadecs, Norfolk
Island
Oliver (1915); Brook &
Marshall (1998)
Oxyperas belliana endemic gravelly sand, 27–47 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
SEMELIDAE
Abra sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ervilia bisculpta tropical Pacic shelly sand and gravel, 20–40 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ervilia sandwichensis southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
71Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
TELLINIDAE
Tellina (Telinella) radians southwest Pacic shelly ne gravel, 10–30 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
PSAMMOBIIDAE
Gari (Kermadysmea) galatheae Willan (1993)
Gari pusilla
[Powell 1958 as Asaphis nana]
southwest Pacic shelly sand and ne gravel, 15–85 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Heteroglypta contraria southwest Pacic Brook & Marshall (1998)
VENERIDAE
Globivenus toreuma tropical Pacic shelly sand and ne gravel, low
water to 35 m
Brook & Marshall (1998)
CUSPIDARIIDAE
Austroneaera raoulensis endemic shelly sand, 20–160 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
EUCIROIDAE
Euciroa sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
VERTICORDIIDAE
Spinosipella deshayesiana
[as S. ericia]
south and central Indo-
Pacic
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
POROMYIDAE
Cetomya sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Class CEPHALOPODA
NAUTILIDAE
Nautilus macromphalus NE Australia, New
Caledonia
steep faces of coral reefs; beach
cast shell, not known if it occurs
alive at the Kermadecs
Berry (1916)
Nautilus pompilius Indo-West Pacic steep faces of coral reefs; beach
cast shell, not known if it occurs
alive at the Kermadecs
Berry (1916)
SPIRULIDAE
Spirula spirula Tropical Atlantic and
Indo-West Pacic
mesopelagic, migrates from
550–1000 m during the day to
100–300 m at night
Berry (1916); Powell
(1979)
LYCOTEUTHIDIDAE
Nematolampus regalis widespread pelagic Berry (1913; 1914; 1916)
Lampadioteuthis megaleia Kermadecs, North
Atlantic
mesopelagic Berry (1916); Young &
Vecchione (2008)
ONYCHOTEUTHIDIDAE
Onychoteuthis aequimanus
[Berry as Onychoteuthis banksii]
cosmopolitan in tropical
and subtropical waters
pelagic, 0–1000 m, usually 30–
1000 m
Berry (1914; 1916);
Bolstad (2007)
ENOPLOTEUTHIDIDAE
Abralia astrolineata Kermadecs, eastern
Australia
mesopelagic Berry (1914; 1916)
Abraliopsis hoylei widespread, all oceans pelagic Berry (1914; 1916)
CRANCHIIDAE
Cranchia scabra widespread, subtropics mesopelagic Imber (1978)
Leachia dislocata
[as Leachia eschscholtzi]
widespread, amphi-
tropical
mesopelagic, 25 m to more than
300 m
Imber (1978)
Taonius belone widespread, all oceans mesopelagic, 377–4000 m Imber (1978)
72 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Megalocranchia maxima widespread, all oceans mesopelagic, surface to 400 m Imber (1978)
Galiteuthis armata widespread, all oceans mesopelagic, 300–1200 m Imber (1978)
Sandalops melancholicus widespread, subtropics mesopelagic, >600 m Imber (1978)
Bathothauma lyromma widespread mesopelagic, 100–300 m Imber (1978)
Teuthowenia pellucida [Berry
1916 as Megalocranchia pardus;
Imber 1978 as Fusocranchia
pellucida and Teuthowenia
megalops impennis; Powell 1979
as M. pardus]
widespread, Southern
Hemisphere
Berry (1916); Imber
(1978); Powell (1979)
OMMASTREPHIDAE
Eucleoteuthis luminosa pelagic Berry (1914; 1916);
Spencer et al. (2011)
Ommastrephes bartramii
[Berry 1916 as Sthenoteuthis
bartramii]
widespread, all tropical
and temperate oceans
pelagic Berry (1914; 1916)
VAMPYROTEUTHIDIDAE
Vampyroteuthis infernalis widespread benthopelagic, 900–1100 m Powell (1979)
AMPHITRETIDAE
Amphitretus pelagicus oceanic Murray (1895); Berry
(1916); O’Shea (1999)
BOLITAENIDAE
Japetella diaphana oceanic O’Shea (1999)
GRIMPOTEUTHIDIDAE
Grimpoteuthis meangensis
[Berry 1916 as Stauroteuthis
meangensis; O’Shea 1999 as
Enigmatiteuthis meangensis;
Collins & Villanueva 2006 as
Cirroteuthis meangensis]
oceanic, deepwater, below 600 m Berry (1916); Sweeney
& Roper (1998); O’Shea
(1999); Collins &
Villanueva (2006)
OCTOPODIDAE
Callistoctopus kermadecensis
[Berry 1914 as Polypus
(Pinnoctopus?) kermadecensis;
O’Shea 1999 as Pinnoctopus
kermadecensis]
endemic intertidal and shallow subtidal Berry (1914, 1916);
O’Shea (1999)
Graneledone challengeri
[Murray 1895 as Eledone
verrucosa; Berry 1916 as
Moschites challenger]
endemic benthic, deepwater below 700 m Murray (1895); Berry
(1916); Voss (1976);
O’Shea (1999)
Octopus oliveri
[Berry 1914 as Polypus oliveri]
Kermadecs and Japan benthic, intertidal and shallow
subtidal
Berry (1914, 1916);
O’Shea (1999)
Octopus sp. 2 (NMNZ M.90311)
[requires conrmation, record
based upon juvenile specimens]
Northland and
Kermadecs
benthic, 31–34 m (NZOI Stn.
Z8666, Z8675)
O’Shea (1999)
Tremoctopus robsonianus oceanic O’Shea (1999)
OCYTHOIDAE
Ocythoe tuberculata oceanic O’Shea (1999)
ARGONAUTIDAE
Argonauta argo widespread oceanic Berry (1916); O’Shea (1999)
Argonauta nodosus widespread oceanic Berry (1916); O’Shea (1999)
73Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Phylum ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Pycnogonida
sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 3 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Subphylum CRUSTACEA
Class Maxillopoda
AUGAPTILIDAE
Euaugaptilus palumbi cosmopolitan mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Haloptilus acutifrons widespread mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Haloptilus longicornis cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic, usually
upper 200 m
Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Haloptilus spiniceps cosmopolitan epipelagic-mesopelagic, usually
upper 300 m
Bradford-Grieve (1999)
HETERORHABDIDAE
Heterorhabdus abyssalis uncertain mesopelagic-bathypelagic, usually
deeper than 500 m
Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Heterorhabdus caribbeanensis Southwest Pacic, North
Atlantic
mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Heterorhabdus pacicus North and South Pacic,
tropical-temperate
mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Heterorhabdus papilliger Southwest Pacic epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Heterorhabdus spinifrons cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
LUCICUTIIDAE
Lucicutia clausi cosmopolitan mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Lucicutia cf. avicornis Mediterranean,
Southwest Pacic
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Lucicutia gemina Atlantic, Indo-West Pacic epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Lucicutia longiserrata widespread bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Lucicutia magna widespread bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Lucicutia ovalis cosmopolitan epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
METRIDINIDAE
Metridia brevicauda cosmopolitan mesopelagic-abyssopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Metridia lucens widespread, possibly
species complex
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Metridia venusta cosmopolitan mesopelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pleuromamma abdominalis widespread, tropical-
subtropical
mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pleuromamma gracilis cosmopolitan epipelagic-bathypelagic, vertical
migrator
Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pleuromamma piseki Atlantic and Pacic,
tropical-subtropical
mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pleuromamma xiphias widespread, tropical-
subtropical
mesopelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
NULLOSETIGERIDAE
Nullosetigera helgae cosmopolitan epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
74 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CALANIDAE
Calanoides macrocarinatus South Atlantic,
Southwest Pacic
epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Cosmocalanus darwinii cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Mesocalanus tenuicornis cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Nannocalanus minor cosmopolitan, tropical-
warm temperate
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Neocalanus gracilis cosmopolitan, tropical-
temperate
epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Neocalanus tonsus cosmopolitan, temperate-
subantarctic
mesopelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
PARACALANIDAE
Calocalanus namibiensis South Atlantic,
Southwest Pacic
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Calocalanus neptunus Atlantic, Southwest
Pacic
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Calocalanus pavo cosmopolitan, tropical-
temperate
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Calocalanus plumulosus cosmopolitan, tropical-
temperate
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Calocalanus styliremis widespread epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
AETIDEIDAE
Aetideus acutus cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Chiridius poppei cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Euchirella formosa Indo-West Pacic epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Euchirella indica Indo-Pacic, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Euchirella speciosa South Pacic epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Euchirella venusta Indo-Pacic, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Gaetanus miles cosmopolitan epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Gaetanus minor cosmopolitan,
subtropical-temperate
epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Gaidius columbiae Western Pacic epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Undeuchaeta plumosa cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic, vertical
migrator
Bradford & Jillett (1980)
Valdiviella insignis cosmopolitan epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford & Jillett (1980)
CLAUSOCALANIDAE
Clausocalanus ingens Southern Hemisphere,
warm temperate
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Clausocalanus lividus Circumglobal, subtropical epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Clausocalanus parapergens Circumglobal, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Clausocalanus paululus Circumglobal, subtropical epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
ACARTIIDAE
Acartia (Acartia) danae cosmopolitan, tropical-
warm temperate
oceanic and littoral, epipelagic-
mesopelagic
Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Acartia (Acartia) negligens cosmopolitan, tropical-
warm temperate
oceanic and littoral, epipelagic-
mesopelagic
Bradford-Grieve (1999)
75Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CANDACIIDAE
Candacia bipinnata cosmopolitan epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Candacia ethiopica cosmopolitan epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Candacia longimana cosmopolitan epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Candacia tenuimana cosmopolitan mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Paracandacia worthingtoni Southwestern and central
Pacic
epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
CENTROPAGIDAE
Centropages elegans North and South Pacic epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
PONTELLIDAE
Labidocera detruncata Indo-Pacic epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pontella valida Southwest Pacic epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pontella whiteleggei Subtropical South Pacic epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pontellina plumata cosmopolitan, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Pontellopsis grandis Atlantic and Pacic epipelagic Bradford-Grieve (1999)
EUCALANIDAE
Eucalanus hyalinus Circumglobal, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Pareucalanus langae Circumglobal epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Pareucalanus sewelli Circumglobal, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Rhincalanus nasutus cosmopolitam, tropical-
subantarctic
epipelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
SPINOCALANIDAE
Spinocalanus longicornis Pacic and Atlantic epipelagic-mesopelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
Spinocalanus spinosus Pacic and Atlantic mesopelagic-bathypelagic Bradford-Grieve (1994)
CHONDRACANTHIDAE
Lateracanthus macrurus
[Murray 1895 as
Chondracanthus? macrurus]
parasitic on a macrourid Murray (1895)
ONCAEIDAE
Lubbockia squillimana widespread, tropical epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea conifera widespread, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea derivata Southwest Pacic epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea englishi Cosmopolitan, tropical-
polar
epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea furcula widespread, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea media widespread, tropical-
subtropical
epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea mediterranea widespread, subtropical-
cold temperate
epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea quadrata Southwest Pacic epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Oncaea venusta widespread, subtropical epipelagic-mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
Conaea rapax Atlantic and Pacic,
tropical-temperate
mesopelagic Heron & Bradford-Grieve
(1995)
76 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CALIGIDAE
Lepeophtheirus sp. reported as parasitic on “hapuka”,
host probably Epinephelus daemelii
Chilton (1911)
PANDARIDAE
Pandarus cranchii parasitic on Carcharhinus
galapagensis
Murray (1895)
Pandarus satyrus parasitic on Carcharhinus
galapagensis
Murray (1895)
Nogaus latreillii [Murray 1895
as Nogagus latreillii]
parasitic on Carcharhinus
galapagensis
Murray (1895)
CALANTICIDAE
Calantica sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Smilium acutum [Murray 1895
as Scapellum acutum]
cosmopolitan 61–2480 m Murray (1895); Zevina
(1978); Young (2001, 2002)
SCALPELLIDAE
Arcoscapellum sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Graviscalpellum sp. 1 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Graviscalpellum sp. 2 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OXYNASPIDIDAE
Oxynaspis indica Kermadec Ridge
seamounts, widespread
elsewhere
deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Poecilasma kaempferi widespread upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
LEPADIDAE
Dosima fascicularis cosmopolitan in temperate
and tropical regions
oceanic, on otsam Foster (1978)
Lepas anatifera widespread oceanic, on otsam Chilton (1911); Jennings
(1914)
Lepas denticulata oceanic, on otsam Chilton (1911); Jennings
(1914)
Lepas fascicularis oceanic, oat secreted from glands
on peduncle
Chilton (1911); Jennings
(1914)
Lepas pectinata oceanic, on otsam Chilton (1911); Jennings
(1914)
ARCHAEOBALANIDAE
Epopella kermadeca [Lizney
(1942) as Elminius simplex]
Australia, Kermadecs on ‘Mytilus’ shell, Raoul Is. Linzey (1942); Foster
(1978)
BALANIDAE
Austromegabalanus nigrescens
[Morton & Miller 1968 as
Balanus nigrescens]
Australia, Northland,
Kermadecs
high intertidal Morton & Miller (1968)
Balanus tintinnabulum
tintinnabulum
Indo-Pacic Denham Bay Beach Linzey (1942); Foster
(1967)
Megabalanus decorus
[as Balanus decorus]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Denham Bay Beach Linzey (1942); Foster
(1967)
CHIONELASMATIDAE
Chionelasmus crosnieri
[Foster 1981 and Yamaguchi
1998 as C. darwini]
New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
inhabits axial skeleton of living
octocorals (e.g. Muricides sp.),
465–501 m
Foster (1981); Buckeridge
(1998); Yamaguchi
(1998)
77Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CHTHAMALIDAE
Chamaesipho columna Australian, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
attached to Epopella kermadeca,
Denham Bay
Linzey (1942); Foster
(1967)
TETRACLITIDAE
Tesseropora sp. high–mid intertidal Schiel et al. (1986);
Gardner et al. (2006)
Tetraclitella depressa
[Linzey 1942 as Tetraclita
purpurescens]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
intertidal, on basalt, Raoul Is. Linzey (1942); Foster &
Anderson (1986)
Tetraclita rosea Indo-Pacic intertidal Denham Bay, Fleetwood
Bluff
Linzey (1942)
PYRGOMATINAE
Cantellius septimus [Linzey
1942 as Creusia spinulosa]
?Indo-Pacic subtidal, inhabiting coral
(Montipora caliculata), Meyer Is.
Linzey (1942); Achituv
(2004)
Balanomorpha, unidentied sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
VERRUCIDAE
Altiverruca sulcata Indo-West Pacic: New
Zealand, Philippines,
South China Sea
950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Jones et
al. (2000)
sp. 2A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 6 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 7 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 8 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. 9 upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Class MALACOSTRACA
ODONTODACTYLIDAE
Odontodactylus hawaiiensis
[Manning 1991 as O. brevirostris]
Western – Central Pacic 50–276 m Manning (1991); Ahyong
(2012)
GNATHOPHAUSIIDAE
Gnathophausia zoea cosmopolitan 1097 m, volvanic mud and pumice Murray (1895)
AEGIDAE
Rocinela orientalis Australia, Kermadecs shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
CYMOTHOIDAE
Ceratothoa imbricata [Chilton
1911 as Meinertia imbricata]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
ectoparasite of shes Chilton (1911)
Nerocila orbignyi [Chilton 1911
as Nerocila macleayii]
widespread ectoparasite of shes Chilton (1911)
SEROLIDAE
Acutiserolis sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
SPHAEROMATIDAE
Dynamenella huttoni widespread intertidal Chilton (1911)
Cilicaea caniculata New Zealand, Kermadecs subtidal, on corals Chilton (1911)
LIGIIDAE
Ligia novaezealandiae Upper shore Chilton (1911)
AUSTRARCTURELLIDAE
Austrarcturella sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
78 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
IDOTEIDAE
Idotea metallica widespread on otsam Chilton (1911)
CAPRELLIDAE
Caprella penantis [Chilton 1911
as Caprella acutifrons]
widespread shallow subtidal on algae; oceanic
on otsam
Chilton (1911)
ISAEIDAE
Podoceropsis kermadeci
[Barnard 1973 as Kermystheus
kermadeci]
endemic 1153 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Barnard
(1973)
PHOTIDAE
Gammaropsis sp. [Chilton 1920
as Eurystheus dentatus]
Kermadecs, New Zealand subtidal Chilton (1920); Barnard
(1972)
AORIDAE
Aora maculata
[Chilton 1911 as Aora typica]
Kermadecs, New Zealand shallow subtidal, on algae Chilton (1911); Barnard
(1972)
LYSIANASSIDAE
Stephonyx normani [Murray
1895 as Euonyx normani]
1153 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895)
Parawaldeckia sp. [Chilton 1911
as Nannonyx kidderi]
Kermadecs shallow subtidal, amongst algae Chilton (1911); Barnard
(1972)
EURYTHENEIDAE
Eurythenes thurstoni
[Chilton 1911 as E. gryllus]
SW Pacic, NW Atlantic 128–4670 m depth, up to 3000 m
above bottom
Chilton (1911); Barnard
(1961); Stoddart & Lowry
(2004)
MELITIDAE
Maera masterii [Chilton, 1911
as Moera masterii]
Australia, Kermadecs shallow subtidal, on algae Chilton (1911)
Melita inaequistylis Kermadecs, New Zealand shallow subtidal, on algae Chilton (1911); Barnard
(1972)
Melita sp. [Chilton 1911 as
Melita palmata]
widespread shallow subtidal, on algae Chilton (1911); Barnard
(1972)
TALITRIDAE
Orchestia gammarellus?widespread upper shore Chilton (1911)
CYSTISOMATIDAE
Cystisoma spinosum widespread 1153 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895)
PHROSINIDAE
Phrosina semilunata
[Chilton, 1911 as Phrosina
australis]
widespread pelagic Chilton (1911); Hurley
(1956)
Phronima sedentaria
[Chilton, 1911 as Phronima
novae-zelandiae]
widespread pelagic Chilton (1911); Hurley
(1956)
PLATYSCELIDAE
Platyscelus ovoides
[Chilton 1911 as Platyscelus
intermedius]
widespread pelagic Chilton (1911); Hurley
(1956)
OXYCEPHALIDAE
Oxycephalus clausi widespread pelagic Chilton (1911)
79Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
EUPHAUSIIDAE
Thysanoessa gregaria epipelagic Chilton (1911)
ARISTEIDAE
Aristeus semidentatus
[Bate, 1881 and Murray, 1895 as
Hemipenaeus semidentatus]
Indo-West Pacic bathypelagic, 329–1479 m Bate (1881); Murray
(1895); Holthuis (1980)
BENTHESICYMIDAE
Benthesicymus altus Indo-Pacic bathypelagic, to 3385 m Bate (1881); Murray (1895)
PENAEIDAE
Funchalia spp cosmopolitan mesopelagic, 0 (at night) –500 m Webber et al. (1990)
SERGESTIDAE
Sergia tenuiremis
[Murray, 1895 as Sergestes
kröyeri]
cosmopolitan mesopelagic, 300–1500 m; night
300–700 m, day 800–950 m
Murray (1895); Hendricks
& Estrada-Navarrette
(1989); Cardoso &
Tavares (2006)
SOLENOCERIDAE
Hymenopenaeus obliquirostris
[Murray, 1895 as Haliporus
obliquirostris]
Indo-Pacic 950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Eldredge
& Miller (1998)
ALPHEIDAE
Alpheus socialis Indo-West Pacic intertidal, under boulders Chilton (1911)
Athanas mendax [Chilton 1911
as as Arete dorsalis?; Yaldwyn &
Webber 2011 as Athanas indicus]
endemic with sea urchins Chilton (1911); Yaldwyn
& Webber (2011);
Ahyong (2015)
Synalpheus sp. Chilton (1911)
Betaeus sp. Chilton (1911)
Vexillipar sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
CRANGONIDAE
Parapontophilus junceus
[as Pontophilus gracilis,
possibily P. junceus]
widespread upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
GLYPHOCRANGONIDAE
Glyphocrangon regalis Indo-West Pacic 1097 m, volvanic mud and pumice Bate (1888); Murray
(1895); Chace (1984);
Komai (2004a, b)
HIPPOLYTIDAE
Lysmata trisetacea
[Chilton 1911 as Merhippolyte
spinifrons and Alope palpalis;
Kemp 1914 as L. chiltoni]
Indo-West Pacic Intertidal, beneath boulders Chilton (1911); Kemp
(1914); Chace (1997)
NEMATOCARCINIDAE
Nematocarcinus gracilis Indo-Pacic benthic; 1097 m, volvanic mud and
pumice
Murray (1895);
Burukosvky (2001)
Nematocarcinus undulatipes Indo-Pacic benthic, 1097 m, volvanic mud and
pumice
Murray (1895);
Burukosvky (2002)
OPLOPHORIDAE
Oplophorus novaezelandiae Southern Hemisphere mesopelagic, 0–730 m Webber et al. (1990)
Oplophorus spinosus Southern Hemisphere mesopelagic, 0–730 m Webber et al. (1990)
Notostomus auriculatus Southern Hemisphere mesopelagic, 0–1200 m Webber et al. (1990)
80 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Acanthephyra exima [Murray,
1895 as A. brachytelsonis]
cosmopolitan, tropical
and subtropical
benthic, 200–3700 m Murray (1895)
Acanthephyra pelagica cosmopolitan mesopelagic, 400–2000 m Webber et al. (1990)
Acanthephyra quadrispinosa cosmopolitan mesopelagic, 400–2000 m Webber et al. (1990)
Acanthephyra sica circumpolar Southern
Ocean
bathypelagic – mesopelagic, to
675 m
Murray (1895)
Systellaspis debilis cosmopolitan mesopelagic, 50–1500 m Webber et al. (1990)
PANDALIDAE
Heterocarpus sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Plesionika martia cosmopolitan 180–2100 m, over mud Webber et al. (1990)
Plesionika semilaevis cosmopolitan 176–950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Nakahata
et al. (2008)
Plesionika spinipes cosmopolitan benthic, deepwater Chilton (1911)
RHYNCHOCINETIDAE
Rhynchocinetes okuno
[Chilton 1911 as R. rugulosus;
Gordon 1936 as R. balssi]
northern New Zealand,
Kermadecs
intertidal and shallow subtidal Chilton (1911); Ahyong
(2015)
STYLODACTYLIDAE
Stylodactylus discissipes New Caledonia,
Kermadecs, Austral
Islands
benthic, 736–1097 m, volcanic mud
and pumice
Murray (1895); Cleva &
Van Wormhoudt (2006)
Stylodactylus orientalis endemic benthic, 1097 m, volcanic mud and
pumice
Murray (1895)
NEPHROPIDAE
Metanephrops challengeri New Zealand benthic, burrows in mud, 140–640 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
PALINURIDAE
Sagmariasus verreauxi
[as Jasus hügelli]
New Zealand and eastern
Australia
subtidal Chilton (1911)
POLYCHELIDAE
Polycheles enthrix [Murray
(1895) as Pentacheles enthrix]
Indo-West Pacic 229–1152 m Murray (1895); Ahyong
& Brown (2002);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Polycheles kermadecensis
[Bate 1878, 1888 from
Challenger station 170 as
Polycheles helleri and P. enthrix]
Australia, Kermadecs 549–951 m Bate (1878, 1888);
Ahyong & Brown (2002)
SCYLLARIDAE
Thenus orientalis subtidal Chilton (1911)
Ibacus peronii [Chilton, 1911 as
as Phyllosoma duperreyi]
soft sediments, deepwater Chilton (1911)
CHIROSTYLIDAE
Chirostylus cf. ortmanni antipatharian coral, 15 m depth,
Boat Harbour, Meyer Islets
photograph by C. Duffy,
Nov 2004; det. K.
Schnabel, NIWA
Uroptychus politus Indo-Pacic Henderson (1885); Murray
(1895); Baba et al. (2008);
Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychus australis southwest Pacic 950 m, volcanic mud; Challenger
stations 170, 171
Henderson (1885); Murray
(1895); Baba et al. (2008);
Schnabel (2009)
81Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Uroptychodes spinimarginatus
[Henderson, 1885 as Diptychus
spinimarginatus; Murray, 1895
as Uroptychus spinimarginatus]
Indo-Pacic 950 m, volcanic mud; Challenger
station 170
Henderson (1885); Murray
(1895); Baba et al. (2008);
Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes alcocki Indo-Pacic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes baeomma Indo-Pacic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes moutere endemic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes pikei endemic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes yaldwyni endemic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes toka endemic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes webberi endemic Schnabel (2009)
Uroptychodes kaitara endemic Schnabel (2009)
MUNIDIDAE
Munida endeavourae
[Murray 1895 as Munida
microphthalma]
NSW, Norfolk Ridge, ne
North Island, Kermadec
Ridge
620–1700 m, volvanic mud and
pumice
Murray (1895); Baba et
al. (2008)
MUNIDOPSIDAE
Munidopsis maunga endemic 636–751 m Schnabel & Bruce (2006);
Baba et al. (2008)
LITHODIDAE
Paralomis hirtella
[Rowden & Clark 2006 and
Beaumont et al. 2012 as
Paralomis sp.]
Kermadec Ridge to Lau
Basin
hydrothermal vents Clark & O’Shea (2001);
Martin & Haney (2005);
Rowden & Clark
(2006); Ahyong (2010);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
PORCELLANIDAE
Petrolisthes extremus
[Chilton 1911 as Petrolisthes
lamarckii var. rufescens]
Indo-Pacic Intertidal, under boulders Chilton (1911)
Pachycheles pisoides [Chilton
1911 as Pachycheles lifuensis]
Indo-West Pacic commensal on coral, low intertidal
to shallow subtidal
Chilton (1911); Haig
(1966).
AXIIDAE
Dorphinaxius kermadecensis
[Chilton, 1911 as Iconaxiopsis
kermadecensis; Sakai & de Saint
Laurent 1989 as Eiconaxius
kermadecensis]
Kermadec Islands to
eastern Australia
Intertidal to c. 5 m depth Chilton (1911); Sakai &
de Saint Laurent (1989)
Eiconaxius parvus 950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895)
Eiconaxius kermadeci endemic 1097 m, volvanic mud and pumice Murray (1895)
CALLIANASSIDAE
Corallianassa articulata
[as Callianassa articulata]
not recorded from
mainland
Intertidal and shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
Upogebia danae Intertidal and shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
PYLOCHELIDAE
Pylocheles mortensenii Japan, Vanuatu,
Kermadecs, New Zealand
upper slope, 320 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Cheiroplatea pumicicola New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
upper slope, 500–1150 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Trizocheles brachyops New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope, 565–950 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Trizocheles perplexus New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope, 398–590 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
82 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Trizocheles pilgrimi Loyalty Islands,
Kermadecs
upper slope, 398–560 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Trizocheles spinosus eastern Australia,
Kermadecs
upper slope Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
DIOGENIDAE
Calcinus imperialis subtropical Indo-West
Pacic
Rock and coral rubble, intertidal
to 30 m
Chilton (1911); Forest
et al. (2000); Forest &
McLay (2001)
Dardanus hessii subtropical Indo-West
Pacic
15–55 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Cancellus rhynchogonus endemic 84–146 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Cancellus frontalis endemic 275–402 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
PAGURIDAE
Porcellanopagurus tridentatus New Caledonia, eastern
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
deepwater Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Porcellanopagurus chiltoni endemic intertidal to over 200 m Chilton (1911); Forest
et al. (2000); Forest &
McLay (2001)
Pagurojacquesia polymorpha Philippines, New
Caledonia, Kermadecs
deepwater Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Diacanthurus ecphyma Western Australia,
Chestereld Is., New
Caledonia, Kermadecs
deepwater Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Catapagurus spinicarpus endemic deepwater Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Pagurixus kermadecensis endemic intertidal Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Pagurus sinuatus southern and eastern
Australia, Keramdecs
rocky reefs, in strong surge Chilton (1911); Forest
et al. (2000); Forest &
McLay (2001)
Pagurus iridocarpus endemic 22–84 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
PARAPAGURIDAE
Oncopagurus sp. endemic upper slope, 320 m (NZOI K815) Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Paragiopagurus diogenes eastern Australia,
Kermadecs
219–274 m Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
Parapagurus richeri Southwest Indian Ocean,
Central and Western
Pacic, Kermdecs
2640 m, upper slope Forest et al. (2000);
Forest & McLay (2001)
ALBUNEIDAE
Albunea microps Indo-West Pacic Subtidal, in sand, 24 m Meyer Is. Chilton (1911)
DYNOMENIDAE
Dynomene pilumnoides Indo-West Pacic Bathymodiolus bed, Monowai
Seamount, 252–403 m; depth range
18–403 m, most from 100–300 m
McLay (2009)
DROMIIDAE
Dromia unidentata Shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
RANINIDAE
Lyreidus tridentatus West and Central Pacic 585–512 m, elsewhere continental
slope 27–382 m
Takeda & Webber (2006)
83Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
BYTHOGRAEIDAE
Gandalfus puia [Clark & O’Shea
(2001) and Martin & Haney
(2005) as Bythograea sp.]
Kermadec Ridge hydrothermal vents, 240–1650 m McLay (2007); Ahyong
(2008)
GERYONIDAE
Chaceon bicolor Loyality Islands, New
Caledonia, eastern
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadec Ridge
200–1600 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
LEUCOSIIDAE
Ebalia humilis Western Pacic,
Kermadec Ridge – Japan
31–45 m Komatsu & Takeda
(2007)
Ebalia jordani Hawaii, Kermadecs 366–402 m Komatsu & Takeda
(2007)
Ebalia webberi endemic 110–146 m Komatsu & Takeda
(2007)
Tanaoa pustulosus Indo-West Pacic soft sand, 330–475 m McLay (2009)
INACHIDAE
Achaeus curvirostris Indo-West Pacic 84–113 m, elsewhere 36–170 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Achaeus kermadecensis endemic 146–110 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Cyrtomaia lamellata West and Central Pacic 135–146 m, elsewhere 73–216 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Platymaia wyvillethomsoni West Pacic 512–549 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
EPIALTIDAE
Huenia heraldica
[Chilton 1911 as H. proteus]
West Pacic 24–36 m Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
PISIDAE
Leptomaia tuberculata Lord Howe Island,
Kermadecs
rocky substrates, 21–85 m McLay (1988); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
MAJIDAE
Leptomithrax tuberculatus
mortenseni
biogenic substrates, 10–100 m McLay (1988)
Teratomaia richardsoni Kermadec Trench,
Chatham Rise,
Challenger Plateau,
Campbell Plateau,
Bounty Plateau
sand and ne sandy mud Naylor et al. (2005)
Naxia spinosa [Chilton 1911 as
Halimus spinosus]
southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
rock pools Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
Notomithrax spinosus Norfolk Island,
Kermadecs
31–85 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Schizophrys hilensis West and Central Pacic 29–36 m Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
Prismatopus goldsboroughi
[Takeda & Webber 2006 as
Thacanophrys goldsboroughi]
Hawaii, Kermadecs,
eastern Australia
22–201 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
PARTHENOPIDAE
Garthambrus allisoni
[Takeda & Webber (2006) as
Platylambrus sp.]
Easter Island to Taiwan
and the Kermadec Islands
530–591 m Takeda & Webber (2006,
2007), McLay & Tan (2009)
Garthambrus tani
[Clark & O’Shea 2001 and
Martin & Haney 2005 as
Tutankhamen sp.]
Kermadec Ridge hydrothermal vents, 398–435 m Clark & O’Shea (2001);
Martin & Haney (2005);
Ahyong (2008); McLay
& Tan (2009)
Pseudolambrus constrictus endemic 31–45 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
84 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
AETHRIDAE
Actaeomorpha erosa Indo-Pacic 24–135 m Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
PORTUNIDAE
Caphyra acheronae endemic collected with soft corals Takeda & Webber (2006)
Liocarcinus corrugatus widespread, antitropical soft sediments, 38 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Ovalipes elongatus
[Chilton 1911 as O. bipustulatus]
Lord Howe Island, North
Island, Kermadecs
sand, intertidal –47 m Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006); Ahyong
(2008); McLay (2009)
Thalamita danae Indo-West Pacic 84–114 m McLay (2009)
Thalamita macrops Indo-West Pacic 31–135 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
XANTHIDAE
Antrocarcinus petrosus New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
rubble, 46–146 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Banareia armata Indo-West Pacic probably commensal with soft
coral, shallow subtidal –201 m
Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
Euryxanthops chiltoni endemic rocky substrata near hydrothermal
vents
Ng & McLay (2007)
Gaillardiellus bathus New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
109–202 m, elsewhere 270–312 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Gaillardiellus rueppelli Indo-West Pacic 27–29 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Liomera yaldwyni endemic pumice rubble, 84–121 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Lybia leptochelis Indo-Pacic 44 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Medaeops serenei rocky substrata near hydrothermal
vents
Ng & McLay (2007);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Miersiella haswelli Indo-West Pacic 80–572 m Takeda & Webber (2006);
Ahyong (2008)
Nanocassiope neozelandica
[ Takeda & Webber 2006 as
Nanocassiope sp.]
endemic rocky substrata; 5–24 m. Takeda & Webber (2006);
Ahyong (2015)
Platypodia delli endemic rock pools Takeda & Webber (2006)
Pseudoliomera helleri Indo-West Pacic rocky intertidal –35 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Xanthias dawsoni endemic 70–146 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Xantho nudipes??intertidal – shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
Xanthodes lamarckii ?intertidal – shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
Zosimus actaeoides [Chilton
1911 as Lophactaea actaeoides]
Indo-West Pacic intertidal – shallow subtidal Chilton (1911)
Pilodius nigrocrinitus [Chilton
1911 as Chlorodopsis melanochira]
Indo-West Pacic intertidal – shallow subtidal Chilton (1911); Clark &
Galil (1993)
ERIPHIIDAE
Bountiana norfolcensis
[Chilton 1911 as Eriphia
norfolcensis]
New South Wales,
Lord Howe, Norfolk,
Kermadecs
intertidal rocky shores Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
Ozius truncatus soutern Australia, Lord
Howe, Norfolk, North
Island, Kermadecs
Intertidal – beneath boulders Chilton (1911); McLay
(1988); Takeda & Webber
(2006)
PILUMNIDAE
Actumnus grifni endemic 31–45 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Heteroplimunus mbriatus
[as Pilumnus mbriatus]
intertidal Chilton (1911)
Pilumnus novaezelandiae New Zealand,
Kermadecs
135–201 m, elsewhere intertidal –
20 m depth
Takeda & Webber (2006)
85Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
TRAPEZIIDAE
Calocarcinus africanus Indo-West Pacic 398–412 m Ahyong (2009)
Trapezia cymodoce Indo-West Pacic inhabits Pocillopora corals Takeda & Webber (2006)
Trapezia guttata Indo-West Pacic Takeda & Webber (2006)
Trapezia septata
[Chilton 1911 as Trapezia
ferruginea var. areolata]
Indo-West Pacic inhabits Pocillopora corals Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
GONEPLACIDAE
Goneplax marivenae Philippines, Kermadecs 135–300 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
Thryaplax truncata Fiji, New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
398–506 m Ahyong (2009)
PALICIDAE
Pseudopalicus oahuensis West and Central Pacic 512–585 m, elsewhere 200–680 m Takeda & Webber (2006)
OCYPODIDAE
Ocypode pallidula
[Chilton 1911 as Ocypoda
kuhlii]
Indo-Pacic high tide level, sandy beaches Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006); McLay
(2009)
GRAPSIDAE
Geograpsus grayi Indo-West Pacic upper shore and coastal forest Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006)
Leptograpsus variegatus Southwest Pacic high intertidal Chilton (1911); Schiel et
al. (1986); McLay (1988);
Takeda & Webber (2006)
Pachygrapsus minutus Indo-West Pacic intertidal pools Takeda & Webber (2006)
PERCNIDAE
Percnon planissimum
[Chilton 1911 as Percnon
pilimanus]
Indo-Pacic intertidal –5m Chilton (1911); Takeda &
Webber (2006); McLay
(2009)
VARUNIDAE
Cyclograpsus insularum
[Chilton 1911 as Cyclograpsus
lavauxi]
Lord Howe, Norfolk,
North Island, Kermadecs
intertidal rocky shores Chilton (1911); McLay
(1988); Takeda & Webber
(2006)
Planes major Pacic and South
Atlantic
oceanic, on otsam Takeda & Webber (2004,
2006)
Planes marinus
[Murray 1895 as
Nautilograpsus]
cosmopolitan oceanic, on otsam Murray (1895); Chilton
(1911); McLay (1988);
Takeda & Webber (2006)
PLAGUSIDAE
Guinusia dentipes
[Chilton 1911 as Plagusia
dentipes; others as P. chabrus]
West Pacic intertidal Chilton (1911); Grifn
(1973); Takeda & Webber
(2006)
Plagusia squamosa
[previously as Plagusia depressa
tuberculata]
Indo-West Pacic intertidal Chilton (1911); McLay
(1988); Takeda & Webber
(2006)
XENOGRAPSIDAE
Xenograpsus ngatama southern Kermadec
Ridge to Macauley
Cauldera
hydrothermal vents, 240–1650 m McLay (2007); Ng et al.
(2007); Ahyong (2008);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
CRYPTOCHIRIDAE
Cryptochirus coralliodytes Indo-West Pacic subtidal, inside coral galls Chilton (1911)
86 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Subphylum HEXAPODA
Class INSECTA
GERRIDAE
Halobates sericeus Pacic Ocean surface of the open ocean Myers (1921)
Phylum BRYOZOA
Class GYMNOLAEMATA
Order CTENOSTOMATA
ALCYONIDIIDAE
Alcyonidium kermadecense endemic dead shells, 55–70 m Gordon (1984)
FLUSTRELLIDRIDAE
Elzerina badia endemic 22 m Gordon (1984)
MIMOSELLIDAE
Bantariella cookae Baja California, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
NOLELLIDAE
Nolella aff. stipata widespread Gordon (1984; pers. comm.)
PENETRANTIIDAE
Penetrantia parva North Island,
Kermadecs, Hawaii
Gordon (1984)
Order CHEILOSTOMATA
AETEIDAE
Aetea ?australis Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs, South America
on algae, shells, hydroids, other
bryozoans, stones
Gordon (1984)
Aetea ligulata widespread Gordon (1984)
MEMBRANIPORIDAE
Jellyella tuberculata
[as Membranipora tuberculata]
widespread on algae Gordon (1984)
ASPIDOSTOMATIDAE
Crateropora falcata Kermadecs, southern
Philippines
NZOI Stn K795 Gordon (1985)
BEANIIDAE
Beania bilaminata North Island, Kermadecs on shells Gordon (1984)
Beania cribrimorpha endemic 110–125 m Gordon (1984)
Beania discodermiae Japan, Malaysia,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Beania elongata New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Beania gigantavicularis endemic 465–501 m Gordon (1984)
Beania magellanica widespread Gordon (1984)
Beania plurispinosa Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
BUGULIDAE
Brettiella ovicellata endemic 10–30 m Gordon (1984)
Bugula sp.1 270–350 m Gordon (1984)
Bugulella gracilis widespread Gordon (pers. comm.)
Camptoplites bicornis New Zealand, Kermadecs 2470–5900 m (Galathea St. 654, 665) Gordon (1985)
Cornucopina conica Indo-West Pacic Gordon (pers. comm.)
Cornucopina geniculata Sulawesi, Kermadec
Ridge
1165–1264 m Gordon (1984, 1985)
87Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Himantozoum taurinum widespread 2470 m (Galathea St. 665) Gordon (1985)
Luguba sessilis [as
Dendrobeania (Luguba) sessilis]
Kermadec Ridge on shells and encrusting bryozoans,
55–125 m
Gordon (1984)
CALESCHARIDAE
Caleschara minuta
[as Caleschara levinseni]
Indo-West Pacic Gordon (1984)
CALLOPORIDAE
Alderina tuberosa Philippines, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
on shells Gordon (1984)
Amphiblestrum alcimum endemic on shells, 140–370 m Gordon (1984)
Bryocalyx n. sp.
[as Watersia sp.]
endemic NZOI Stn K839 Gordon (1985; pers.
comm.)
Corbulella corbula
[as Crassimarginatella
(Corbulella) corbula]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs, Japan
Gordon (1984)
Corbulella spinosissima
[as Crassimarginatella
(Corbulella) spinosissima]
endemic 95–122 m Gordon (1984)
Corbulella translucens
[as Crassimarginatella
(Corbulella) translucens]
Indonesia, Kermadecs on coral Gordon (1984)
Crassimarginatella calva
[as Crassimarginatella electra]
endemic on shells, 10–370 m Gordon (1984)
Crassimarginatella spathulata endemic 350 m Gordon (1984)
Crassimarginatella vincularia Kermadec Ridge:
Macauley Is to southern
ridge
398–412 m Gordon (1984, 1985)
Ellisina sericea Australia, Three Kings,
North Island, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Marssonopora kermadecensis endemic on coral, 280–555 m Gordon (1984)
Onychoblestrum hastingsae endemic Gordon (1984)
Pyriporoides precocialis
[as Callopora precocialis]
endemic 190–350 m Gordon (1984)
Retevirgula aggregata endemic on dead shells, 55–370 m Gordon (1984)
CANDIDAE
Amastigia subantarctica
subtropicalis
endemic on pebbles, 220 m Gordon (1984)
Amastigia sp. NZOI Stn K795 Gordon (1985)
Amastigia cf. nuda Kermadec Trench 2470 m (Galathea St. 665) Gordon (1985)
Caberea darwinii New Zealand,
Kermadecs, Southern
Ocean, Ross Sea
Gordon (1984)
Caberea enzoi endemic Gordon (1984)
Caberea glabra Brazil, Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Caberea helicina Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Caberea rostrata Tristan da Cunha, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Canda pecten scutata Indo-Pacic Gordon (1984)
Emma watersi Australia, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Notoplites armigera Kermadec Trench 2470 m (Galathea St. 665) Gordon (1985)
Notoplites longispinosus endemic 270–350 m Gordon (1984)
88 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Penemia ignota
[as Menipea ignota]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
2470 m (Galathea St. 665) Gordon (1985)
Scrupocellaria maderensis widespread Gordon (1984)
CELLARIIDAE
Cellaria humilis Chile, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Cellaria tenuirostris Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Cellaria tumida NZOI Stn K795 Gordon (1985)
Euginoma sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Mesostomaria strictoramae Sabah, Philippines,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Stomhypselosaria dupliforma 105 m Gordon (1984, 1985)
CHAPERIIDAE
Chaperia multispinosa endemic on coral, shells and sertellid
bryozoans; 10–1156 m
Gordon (1984, 1985)
Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis)
bispinosa
endemic 100–140 m Gordon (1984)
Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis)
intermediata
endemic on shells, 110–151 m Gordon (1984)
Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis) cf.
multida
South Africa, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis)
rubida
North Island, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis)
spiculata
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis)
tintinnabula [Gordon 1984 as
Chaperiopsis (C.) boninensis]
northern New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984); Hayward
& Thorpe (1988)
Chaperiopsis (Clipeochaperia)
funda
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Icelozoon sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Pyrichaperia pyriformis Philppines, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
EPISTOMIIDAE
Synnotum aegyptiacum widespread Gordon (1984)
EUOPLOZOIDAE
Euoplozoum cirratum Indo-Pacic upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
FARCIMINARIIDAE
Columnella magna New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope to 2640 m Gordon (1985);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Columnella sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
FLUSTRIDAE
Gregarinidra n. sp.
[as Gregarinidra serrata]
endemic dead shells Gordon (1984, 1985)
HIANTOPORIDAE
Hiantopora jucunda ?endemic on shells, 55–318 m Gordon (1984)
LUNULARIIDAE
Lunularia repanda
[as Lunulites repandus]
Australia, Kermadecs living specimens generally less
than 100 m depth
Gordon (1985)
89Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
MACROPORIDAE
Macropora browni upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Macropora grandis ?Philippines, ?Australia,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Macropora levinseni upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Macropora sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
MICROPORIDAE
Micropora cf. elegans
[as Micropora elegans]
endemic Gordon (1984)
Micropora cf. inarmata
[as Micropora coriacea?
inarmata]
endemic 104–635 m Gordon (1984)
Micropora mortenseni New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Mollia multijuncta widespread Gordon (1984)
Opaeophora monopia
[as Manzonella monopia]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Promicroa dubitata [as
Micropora mortenseni in part]
Kermadec Ridge, New
Caledonia
50–515 m Gordon (1984, pers.
comm.)
MONOPORELLIDAE
Monoporella cf. nodulifera
[as Monoporella nodulifera]
on pebbles Gordon (1984, 1985)
QUADRICELLARIIDAE
Quadricellaria bocki Japan, Kermadecs on coral Gordon (1984)
STEGINOPORELLIDAE
Steginoporella magnica New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Steginoporella neozelanica New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Steginoporella sp. NZOI Stns K795, K838 Gordon (1985)
THALAMOPORELLIDAE
Thalamoporella quadrata on shells Gordon (1984)
ADEONIDAE
Adeonellopsis cf. pentapora
[as Adeonellopsis yarraensis]
Kermadec Ridge Gordon (1984, pers.
comm.)
ARACHNOPUSIIDAE
Arachnopusia perforata Tasman Sea, Chatham
Rise, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Arachnopusia unicornis New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Briarachnia robusta endemic on pebbles, 260–490 m Gordon (1984);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
BIFAXARIIDAE
Diplonotos sp.Havre seamount deepwater Beaumont et al. (2012)
BITECTIPORIDAE
Bitectipora cincta
[as Hippoporina cincta]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984, pers.
comm.)
Bitectipora rostrata
[as Hippoporina rostrata]
South Africa, Australia,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984, pers.
comm.)
Hippomonavella gymnae intertidal –370 m Gordon (1984)
Hippothyris aganactete
[Murray 1895 as Lepralia sp.]
on pumice gravel, 235–590 m Murray (1895), Gordon
(1984, 1985)
90 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Kermadecazoon exallos
[as Lagenicella exallos]
endemic 18–22 m Go rdon (1984, pers. comm.)
Metroperiella montferrandii
[as Codonellina montferrandii]
widespread Shallow subtidal Gordon (1984, pers. comm.)
Metroperiella triangula Australia, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Parkermavella pseudoneptuni
[as Schizomavella neptuni]
New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984, pers. comm.)
Parkermavella punctigera
[as Schizomavella punctigera]
Southwest Pacic Go rdon (1984, pers. comm.)
Parkermavella schizoporelloides
[as Schizomavella schizoporelloides]
endemic intertidal –40 m Go rdon (1984, pers. comm.)
Schizomavella aotearoa New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (pers. comm.)
Schizosmittina cinctipora
[as Schizosmittina maplestonei]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984; pers.
comm.)
Thrypticocirrus monomorpha
[as Emballotheca monomorpha]
Kermadec Ridge 38–720 m Gordon (1984)
Thrypticocirrus sp.
[as Emballotheca sp.]
Kermadec Ridge 440–510 m Gordon (1984)
BUFFONELLODIDAE
Aimulosia marsupium
[as Porella marsupium]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Buffonellodes imperforata New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (pers. comm.)
Buffonellodes rhomboidalis
[as B. ridleyi]
endemic Gordon (1984, pers. comm.)
Buffonellodes n.sp.
[as B. marsupifera]
endemic Gordon (1984, pers. comm.)
CALWELLIIDAE
Malakosaria sinclairii
[as Calwellia sinclairii]
Southern Indian
Ocean, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Onchoporoides moseleyi
[Murray 1895 as Carbasea
moseleyi]
Solander Trough, Bounty
Trough, Kermadec Ridge
deepwater (Challenger Stn 170/
NZOI Stn K831)
Murray (1895), Gordon
(1985)
CATENICELLIDAE
Catenicella elegans widespread Gordon (1984)
Catenicella ?venusta Australia, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Orthoscuticella innominata
[Gordan 1984 as Orthoscuticella
ventricosa]
Southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
40–124 m Gordon (1984, 1989)
Pterocella vesiculosa
[as Pterocella alata]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
CELLEPORIDAE
Buffonellaria biavicularis New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Buffonellaria christinelloides ?endemic 325–370 m Gordon (1984)
Buffonellaria depressa Indo-West Pacic Gordon (1984)
Buffonellaria regenerata Northland, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Celleporina cf. costazii Gordo n (1984, pers. comm.)
Celleporina hemiperistomata
[as Lagenipora hemiperistomata]
endemic 260–318 m Gordon (1984)
Celleporina sinuata [Gordon
1984 as Osthimosia eatonensis]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984, 1989)
Celleporina spatula Australia, New Zealand
(including subantarctic
islands), Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
91Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Galeopsis pentagonus Tasmania, New Zealand,
Kermadecs, South
Pacic, South Atlantic
near L’Esperance Rk to NZOI Stn
K795
Gordon (1984, 1985)
Galeopsis polyporus New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Lagenipora crenulata endemic 115–635 m Gordon (1984, 1985)
Lagenipora ferocissima New Zealand, Kermadecs 325–490 m Gordon (1984)
Lagenipora laevissima endemic 325–500 m Gordon (1984)
Osthimosia cyclops
[as Osthimosia bicornis]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Osthimosia imperforata endemic 70–635 m Gordon (1984)
Osthimosia virgula endemic 325–370 m Gordon (1984)
Richbunea incomposita
[Gordan 1984 as Osthimosia
incomposita, Gordon 1985 as
Buchneria incomposita]
endemic 135–350 m Gordon (1984)
CHORIZOPORIDAE
Chorizopora brongniartii widespread Gordon (1984)
Chorizopora ferocissima endemic 35–125 m Gordon (1984)
Chorizopora spicata endemic 104–370 m Gordon (1984)
CLEIDOCHASMATIDAE
Yrbozoon ringens New Caledonia,
Kermadecs, New Zealand
seamounts and knolls Beaumont et al. (2012)
CONESCHARELLINIDAE
Conescharellina cognata
[Gordon 1985 as
Conescharellina angulopora]
South Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
50–250 m (NZOI Stn K838) Gordon (1985), Bock &
Cook (2004)
Conescharellina sp. NZOI Stn K838 Gordon (1985)
CREPIDACANTHIDAE
Crepidacantha bracebridgei Three Kings, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Crepidacantha crinispina Indo-West Pacic Gordon (1984)
Crepidacantha sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
CRIBRILINIDAE
Figularia carinata New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Figularia huttoni
[as Figularia spinea]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Figularia pelmatifera endemic 95–122 m Gordon (1984)
Klugerella gordoni
[as Membraniporella bifurca]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984, pers.
comm.)
Membraniporella gularioides endemic 95–490 m Gordon (1984)
Membraniporella sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Puellina biavicularia widespread Gordon (1984)
Puellina scripta [Busk 1884
as Cribrilina radiata, Gordon
1984, 1985 as Puellina
(Cribrilaria) innominata ]
widespread deepwater (Challenger Stn 170/
NZOI Stn K831)
Gordon (1984, 1985)
Reginella vas Three Kings, Poor
Knights, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Reginelloides stolonifera [Gordon
1984 as Reginella stolonifera]
270–350 m Gordon (1984)
92 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ESCHARINIDAE
Bryopesanser thricyng [Gordon
1984 as as Escharina pesanseris]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984), Tilbrook
(2012)
Chiastosella longaevitas Northland, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Escharina waiparaensis New Zealand, Kermadecs near Macauley Is (NZOI Stn K838) Gordon (1984, 1985)
EURYSTOMELLIDAE
Eurystomella biperforata
[as Eurystomella foraminigera]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984), Gordon,
Mawatari & Kajihara (2002)
Zygopalme crystallina
[as Eurystomella crystallina]
350 m Gordon (1984)
EUTHYROIDIDAE
Euthyroides sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
EXECHONELLIDAE
Exechonella cf. tuberculata Indo-Pacic Gordon (1984, pers. comm.)
GIGANTOPORIDAE
Gigantopora oropiscis
[as G. polymorpha]
New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Gigantopora proximalis 64–70 m Gordon (1984)
Gigantopora pupa Indo-West Pacic Gordon (1984)
HIPPOPODINIDAE
Hippomenella vellicata New Zealand,
Kermadecs, Juan
Fernandez Island
Gordon (1984)
HIPPOTHOIDAE
Antarctothoa delta
[as Celleporella delta]
New Zealand (including
Subantarctics), Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Hippothoa calciophilia widespread 10–60 m Gordon (1984)
Hippothoa distans Indonesia, Timor,
Australia, Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Hippothoa divaricata pacica Northland, Kermadecs 18–500 m Gordon (1984)
Hippothoa agellum widespread Gordon (1984)
Hippothoa peristomata Gordon (1984)
INVERSIULIDAE
Inversiula fertilis Northland, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
LACERNIDAE
Arthropoma cecilii widespread Gordon (1984)
Cribellopora divisopora
[as C. trichotoma]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Lacerna granulosa
[as Buffonellodes granulosa]
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lacerna problematica Three Kings, Kermadecs 104–635 m Gordon (1984, 1985)
Nimba terraenovae Three Kings, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Nimba sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Phonicosia circinata Indo-Pacic Gordon (1984)
Rogicka biserialis Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Rogicka oceanica endemic 110–490 m Gordon (1984)
LEKYTHOPORIDAE
Poecilopora sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
93Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
LEPRALIELLIDAE
Celleporaria macrodon
[as C. tridenticulata]
New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Drepanophora biperforata
[Gordon 1984 as Rhamphostomella
rogickae; Beaumont et al. 2012
as D. rogickae]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
MAWATARIIDAE
Mawatarius inexpectabilis
[as Prostomaria inexpectabilis]
Chatham Rise,
Kermadec Ridge
pumice gravel, 1163–1185 m
(NZOI Stn K806)
Gordon (1985)
MICROPORELLIDAE
Calloporina angustipora New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Calloporina triporosa Northland, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Fenestrulina catastictos endemic 10–443 m Gordon (1984)
Fenestrulina disjuncta New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Fenestrulina gelasinoides endemic 115–125 m Gordon (1984)
Fenestrulina incompta
[as F. malusii incompta]
endemic 115–125 m Gordon (1984)
Fenestrulina thyreophora
[as F. malusii pulchra]
New Zealand,
Kermadecs, Chile
115–125 m Gordon (1984)
Microporella agonistes Australia, New Zealand 95–122 m Gordon (1984)
Microporella cf. appendiculata
[as Microporella marsupiata]
?widespread Gordon (1984)
Microporella cf. ciliata ?widespread Gordon (1984)
Microporella discors New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Microporella intermedia Northland, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Microporella lineata Philippines, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Microporella cf. orientalis ?Indo-Pacic Gordon (1984)
Tenthrenulina dispar endemic 55–70 m Gordon (1984)
PASYTHEIDAE
Gemellipora eburnea widespread Gordon (1984)
PETALOSTEGIDAE
Petalostegus bicornis Indo-Pacic Gordon (1984)
PETRALIELLIDAE
Mucropetraliella intermediata
[as Discopora intermediata]
endemic 270–350 m Gordon (1984)
Petraliella sp. NZOI Stn K795 Gordon (1985)
PHIDOLOPORIDAE
Lifuella cf. mooraboolensis [as
Lepraliella ?mooraboolensis]
Australia, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Lifuella cf. multidentata
[as Lepraliella multidentata]
Indian Ocean,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
Plesiochleidochasma n. sp.
[as Cleidochasma porcellanum]
endemic Gordo n (1984, pers. comm.)
Reteporella concinna
[as Sertella concinna]
endemic 115–635 m Gordon (1984)
Reteporella malleatia
[as Sertella malleatia]
endemic 70–440 m Gordon (1984)
Rhynchozoon angulatum Philippines, Kermadecs,
New Zealand
Gordon (1984)
Rhynchozoon crenulatum Australia, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Rhynchozoon paa New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
94 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Rhynchozoon tubulosum Indo-Pacic Gordon (1984)
Stephanollona scintillans
[as Brodiella longispinata]
New Zealand, Kermadecs Gord on (1984, pers. comm.)
PHORIOPPNIIDAE
Oppiphorina epaxia
[as Hippoporina epaxia]
New Caledonia,
Kermadec Ridge
18–440 m Gordon (1984)
PORINIDAE
Haswelliporina multiaviculata
[as Haswellina multiaviculata]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
205–516 m Gordon (1884, 1985)
Mosaicoporina tricephala
[as Porina tricephala]
endemic 145 m (NZOI Stn K825) Gordon (1985)
ROMANCHEINIDAE
Elleschara bensoni New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Escharella incudifera endemic 104–106 m Gordon (1984)
Escharoides angela New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Escharoides excavata Pan Pacic Gordon (1984)
Exochella tricuspis Cape of Good Hope,
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Gordon (1984)
SMITTINIDAE
Hemismittoidea hexaspinosa Chatham Rise, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Parasmittina delicatula New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Parasmittina erecta [Gordan
1985 as Parasmittina sp.]
New Zealand, Kermadecs NZOI Stn K795 Gordon (1985), Gordon
& d’Hondt (1997)
Parasmittina serrula widespread Gordon (1984)
Parasmittina tropica widespread Gordon (1984)
Parasmittina tubula Indian Ocean, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Prenantia rmata
[as Smittina punctata]
Three Kings, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Smittina rosacea Three Kings, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Smittina spiraminifera endemic 95–160 m Gordon (1984)
Smittina torques Northland, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
Smittoidea curtisensis endemic 104–490 m Gordon (1984)
Smittoidea glabra [Gordon
1984 as Porelloides glabra]
398–412 m Gordon (1984)
Smittoidea hyalina endemic 104–490 m Gordon (1984)
Smittoidea magna endemic Gordon (1984)
Smittoidea zelandiae New Zealand, Kermadecs Gordon (1984)
TEUCHOPORIDAE
Lagenicella lacunosa California, Pacic coast
of South America, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
encrusting Steginoporella
neozelanica
Gordon (1984)
Class STENOLAEMATA
Order CYCLOSTOMATA
ANNECTOCYMIDAE
Entalophoroecia sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
DIAPEROECIIDAE
Diaperoecia sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
95Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
DIASTOPORIDAE
Diastopora ridleyi
[as Eurystrotos ridleyi]
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ONCOUSOECIIDAE
Oncousoecia sp.
[as Eurystrotos sp.]
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
STOMATOPORIDAE
Stomatopora sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
TUBULIPORIDAE
Harmelinopora sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Platonea philippsae Indo-West Pacic upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
LICHENOPORIDAE
Disporella novaehollandiae Indo-West Pacic intertidal–205 m Gordon &Taylor (2001)
Disporella pristis Indo-West Pacic intertidal–305 m Gordon &Taylor (2001)
Disporella sacculus Norfolk Ridge, Bay of
Plenty, Kermadecs
972–1350 m, on hexactinellid
sponge spicules
Gordon &Taylor (2001)
INCERTAE SEDIS
‘Telopora’ sp. Gordon (2009)
Phylum BRACHIOPODA
Class RHYNCHONELLATA
BASILIOLIDAE
Basiliola pompholyx Philippines – Kermadec
Islands
>550 m depth Dawson (1991)
CHLIDONOPHORIDAE
Eucalathis murrayi [Davidson
1878 as Terebratulina? murrayi]
Indo-West Pacic 1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Murray (1895); Dawson
(1971); Bitner (2006)
CANCELLOTHYRIDIDAE
Terebratulina n.sp. subtidal, on volcanic pebbles Dawson (1991); Lee (1991)
DALLINIDAE
Dallina sp. associated with corals Dawson (1991)
THECIDELLINIDAE
Thecidellina maxilla Indo-West Pacic subtidal caves and attached to coral
rubble, 3–22 m depth
Lee & Robinson (2003)
Phylum ECHINODERMATA
Class ASTEROIDEA
LUIDIIDAE
Luidia hardwickii Australia, Kermadecs 8–220 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Luidia maculata Indo-Pacic 0–512 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Luidia neozelanica Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
58–898 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Luidia prionota Indo-Pacic (including
Red Sea and Persian Gulf)
7–451 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
96 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ASTROPECTINIDAE
Astropecten polyacanthus Indo-Pacic sand, 0–222 m McKnight (1968c);
Clark (1970); Clark &
McKnight (2000)
Astropecten sp. (NMNZ
Ech.4432(1))
endemic, collected ne of
Herald Islet
1189–1226 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Plutonaster hikurangi New Zealand, including
Auckland Islands;
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PORECELLANASTERIDAE
Hyphalaster inermis widespread in Atlantic,
Indian and Pacic Oceans;
Kermadec Trench
2278–5430 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Eremicaster pacicus cosmopolitan 1550–7000 m Madsen (1956; 1961)
Styracaster chuni Atlantic, Kermadec Trench 2250–4880 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Styracaster horridus widespread in Atlantic,
Indian and Pacic Oceans;
Kermadec Trench
2104–5610 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
BENTHOPECTINIDAE
Benthopecten sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Cheiraster ?ludwigi upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Cheiraster subtuberculatus se Australia, Lord Howe
Rise, Kermadecs
830–1739 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Cheiraster triplacanthus se Asia, Philippines,
Kermadecs
1050–1450 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
Pectinaster mimicus Philippines, Indonesia,
Tasman Sea, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
700–2476 m Clark & McKnight (2000)
GONIASTERIDAE
Anthenoides granulosus Philippines, Moluccas, se
Australia, northern New
Zealand, Kermadecs
143–731 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
Astroceramus denticulatus Kermadec Ridge 643–1086 m McKnight (2006)
Ekonmiaster macauleyensis 448–510 Clark & McKnight (2001)
Kermitaster pacicus 610 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
Mediaster arcuatus upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Mediaster gartrelli Kermadec Ridge north
of Raoul Is. – west coast
North Island
142–720 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
Mediaster sladeni upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Pillsburiaster aoteanus upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Plinthaster dentatus Atlantic and South Pacic 1188–1224 Clark & McKnight (2001)
Rosaster mimicus Norfolk Ridge,
Wanganella Bank, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
178–1030 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
Sphaeriodiscus maui Macauley Is., Aotea
Seamount
926–1180 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
ASTERODISCIDIDAE
Asterodiscides grayi Japan, Australia, Norfolk
Island, Kermadecs
20–108 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
Asterodiscides truncatus
[Clark 1970 as Asterodiscus
truncatus]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
14–792 m Clark (1970); Rowe
(1977); Clark &
McKnight (2001)
GANERIIDAE
Hyalinothrix millespina Hawaii, Kermadecs 350 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
97Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ASTERINIDAE
Nepanthia sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Patiriella oliveri Lord Howe Island,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs McKnight (1968c); Clark
(1970); O’Loughlin
et al. (2002); Clark &
McKnight (2001)
Patiriella regularis [O’Loughlin
et al. (2002) found no
specimens of P. regularis from
the Kermadecs in the NMNZ
collections and considered this
species restricted to mainland
New Zealand and Australia]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Clark (1970)
PORANIIDAE
Marginaster cf. paucispinus
(NZOI Sta. C 531(1))
similar to specimens
from Hong Kong, New
Zealand, Tasmania,
Reunion Is.
179 m McKnight (1968c; 2006);
Clark (1970); Clark &
McKnight (2001)
OPHIDIASTERIDAE
Ophidiaster kermadecensis Bay of Plenty,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs; 0–60 m Fell (1962); McKnight
(1968c); Baker et al. (2001);
Clark & Mcknight (2001);
Gardner et al. (2006)
Heteronardoa carinata Indo-West Pacic Clark & McKnight (2001)
OREASTERIDAE
Acheronaster tumidus New South Wales, and
near Raoul Island
110–146 m Clark & McKnight (2001)
ASTEROPSEIDAE
?Asteropsis carinifera
[Benham 1911 as Gymnasteria
lissotergum]
Indo-West Pacic shallow water Benham (1911); McKnight
(1968c); Clark (1970);
Clark & McKnight (2001)
Petricia imperialis [Farquhar
1897, 1907 as Asteropsis
imperialis; McKnight 1968c,
Clark 1970 as Pectria imperialis]
Kermadec Islands Farquhar (1897, 1907);
McKnight (1968c); Clark
(1970)
Petricia vernicina Australia, Norfolk Is.,
Kermadecs
0–18 m Schiel et al. (1986);
Baker et al. (2001); Clark
& McKnight (2001)
ACANTHASTERIDAE
Acanthaster planci Indo-West Pacic reef, to 20 m McKnight (1978); Schiel
et al. (1986); Clark
& McKnight (2001);
Gardner et al. (2006)
SOLASTERIDAE
Crossaster multispinus Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
90–1152 m Tracey et al. (2005);
McKnight (2006)
Solaster torulatus Kermadecs, New Zealand 219–1540 m Fell (1947); McKnight
(1968c; 2006); Clark
(1970); Tracey et al. (2005)
PTERASTERIDAE
Pteraster (Apterodon) obesus Japan, Philippines,
Tasman Sea, Kermadecs
142–850 m McKnight (2006)
ECHINASTERIDAE
Henricia sufata [Murray 1897
as Cribrella sufata]
Kermadecs, New Zealand 216–1186 m Murray (1897); McKnight
(1968c; 2006); Clark (1970)
98 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
LABIDIASTERIDAE
Coronaster halicepus Philippines, Kermadecs,
New Zealand
260–898 m McKnight (2006)
ASTERIIDAE
Allostichaster polyplax Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
reefs and other hard substrates,
0–238 m
Clark (1970); McKnight
(2006)
Astrostole rodolphi
[Perrier 1876 and Farquhar
1897, 1907 as Asterias rodolphi]
Lord Howe Island,
Norfolk Island, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
shallow reefs, 0–77 m Perrier (1876); Farquhar
(1897, 1907); McKnight
(1968c; 2006); Gardner et
al. (2006)
Coscinasteria muricata [Clark
1970 as Coscinasteria calamaria]
South Africa, Australia,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
soft sediments, 0–84 m Clark (1970)
Sclerasterias mollis
[possibly S. eructans, Beaumont
et al. 2012]
Kermadecs, Auckland
Islands
0–600 m, feeding on dense beds
of mytilids growing around
hydrothermal vents
Tracey et al. (2005);
Beaumont et al. 2012
Stichaster australis
[McKnight (2006) described this
species’ distribution as North
Cape to the Snares, including the
Chathams, but did not report it
from the Kermadecs]
New Zealand, Kermadecs interidal reefs –10m Clark (1970)
Stolasterias edmondi
[McKnight 1968c as Asterias
(Stolasterias) edmondi; Clark
1970 as Distolasterias edmondi]
endemic 0–30(?) m McKnight (1968c; 2006);
Clark (1970)
sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Zoroaster sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
BRISINGIDAE
Asterostephane moluccana Philippines, Kermadecs,
New Zealand
210–1123 m McKnight (2006)
NOVODINIIDAE
Novodinia sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
FREYELLIDAE
Freyellaster polycnema [Murray
1895 as Freyella polycnema]
Kermadec Ridge north of
Raoul Is.
1098 m, volcanic mud and pumice Murray (1895); Clark
(1970); McKnight (2006)
Class OPHIUROIDEA
OPHIOMYXIDAE
Astrogymnotes hamishia commensal on antipatharian corals,
1188–1225 m
Baker et al. (2001)
Astrogymnotes thomasinae commensal on
antipatharian corals,
30-307 m
Baker et al. (2001)
Renetheo felli Wanganella Bank,
Kermadecs
122–307 m McKnight (2003)
ASTERONYCHIDAE
Asteronyx loveni widespread upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ASTEROSCHEMATIDAE
Asteroschema bidwillae deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Asteroschema horridum
[Fell 1947 as Astroschema
horridum; McKnight 1968c as
Asteroschema horrida]
1152–1185 m Fell (1947); McKnight
(1968c, 2000)
99Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Asteroschema igloo Norfolk Is, Kermadecs 465–800 m McKnight (2000)
Asteroschema migrator Indonesia, Kermadecs 670–1301 m McKnight (2000)
Asteroschema salix Bay of Plenty,
Kermadecs
341–1800 m Fell (1947); McKnight
(1968c, 2000)
Asteroschema tubiferum Indo-West Pacic,
Kermadecs
325–965 m McKnight (2000)
Astrobrachion adhaerens Australia, Kermadecs,
Minerva Reef
10–183 m McKnight (2000)
Astrobrachion constrictum Se Australia, Norfolk Is.,
New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
6–540 m McKnight (2000); Clark
et al. (1999)
ASTEROSCHEMATIDAE
Ophiocreas oedipus upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
EURYALIDAE
Astroceras elegans [McKnight
1968c as Astroceras maui]
Indonesia, Norfolk Is,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
9–875 m McKnight (1968c, 2000)
Astroceras kermadecensis North Island, Kermadecs 985–1165 McKnight (2000)
GORGONOCEPHALIDAE
Astrocladus tonganus Capel Guyot (Tasman
Sea), New Caledonia,
Kermadecs, Tonga
among algae and hydroids at 16
m depth off Boat Harbour, Meyer
Islets; elsewhere 2–66 m
McKnight (1984, 2000)
Asteroporpa australiensis
[McKnight 1968c as A. wilsoni]
Se Australia, Wanganella
Bank, Northland,
Kermadecs
commensal on antipatharian corals,
55–508 m
McKnight (1968c, 2000);
Clark et al. (1999)
Astrothorax waitei South Africa, se
Australia, Norfolk Is.,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
73–998 m McKnight (2000);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHIOTHRICIDAE
Ophiothrix oliveri 29 m Brook & Marshall (1998)
Ophiogymna saltatrix Star of Bengal Bank,
endemic
508 m McKnight (1968c)
OPHIURIDAE
Amphiophiura bakeri Norfolk Ridge, Three
Kings Rise, Kermadec
Ridge
865–1769 m McKnight (2003)
Amphiophiura improba upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Amphiophiura kermadecensis 179 m McKnight (1968c)
Amphiophiura urbana Southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Amphiophiura sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Amphiophiura sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Amphiophiura sp. C upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Anthophiura sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Dictenophiura sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiambix epicopus Paterson & Baker (1988)
Ophiomusium lymani widespread upper slope, seamounts and knolls Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiomusium scalare Indo-West Pacic 124–1100 m Murray (1895); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c)
Ophiophyllum petilum 1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Murray (1895); Benham
(1910); Fell (1947);
McKnight (1968c)
Ophiophycis sp. deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Ophiopyrgoides sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
100 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Ophiopyrgoides sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiosphalma sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiosphalma sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiozonella stellata Southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiura sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiura sp. X upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiura (Ophiuroglypha)
irrorata
South Africa, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiura (Ophiuroglypha) cf.
rugosa
New Zealand, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiura (Ophiuroglypha) sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Ophiurolepis sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Ophiurolepis sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Stegophiura sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHIOCOMIDAE
Clarkcoma bollonsi Southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiocoma brevipes
[Farquhar 1897, 1907 as
Ophiopeza danbyi]
Farquhar (1897, 1907),
Fell (1947); McKnight
(1968c)
Ophiopsila sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHIOLEUCIDAE
?Ophiostriatus sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiernus vallinicola New Zealand, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophioleuce brevispinum Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHIOMXIDAE
Astrogymnotes thomasinae New Zealand, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiogeron edentulatus New Zealand, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiomyxa sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophioscolex sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHIONEREIDIDAE
Ophiochiton fastigatus Southwest Pacic upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiochiton lentus Southwest Pacic 183–1006 m, volcanic mud and
pumice
Lyman (1879); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c)
Ophiochiton sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophionereis fasciata New Zealand, Kermadecs beneath rubble and boulders,
intertidal – shallow subtidal
McKnight (1968c)
Ophionereis fusca New Zealand, Kermadecs upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophioplax sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHIACANTHIDAE
Ophiacantha cornuta Australia, Kermadecs,
Fiji
950–1097m, volcanic mud Fell (1947); McKnight
(1968c)
Ophiacantha rosea upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiacantha vepratica Central Indo-Pacic, nw
Atlantic
1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Fell (1947); McKnight
(1968c)
Ophiacantha sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiacantha sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophioplinthaca plicata [Lyman
1878 as Ophiomitra plicata]
?Australia, Kermadecs Challenger stations 170 and 171 Lyman (1878); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c)
Ophiocamax sp. deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
101Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Ophiolebes sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiomyces sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophioplinthaca chelys upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophioplinthaca sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Ophioprium sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiurothamnus clausa
[Lyman 1878 as Ophioceramis
clausa (Challenger station
170a); Fell 1947 as Ophiomoeris
clausa; McKinight 1968c
as Ophiocyclus clausa
(Hemieuryalidae); Beaumont et
al. 2012 as Amphigyptis clausa.]
Wanganella Bank, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
upper slope to 1097 m, on volcanic
mud and pumice
Lyman (1878); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
HEMIEURYALIDAE
Ophiomoeris obstricta [Lyman
1878 as Ophioceramis obstricta;
Fell 1947 as Ophiurases obstrictus]
Australia, Kermadecs 1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Lyman (1878); Fell (1947);
McKnight (1968c); Clark
et al. (1999)
OPHIACTIDAE
Ophiactis abyssicola upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Ophiactis abyssicola var.
cuspidata [Lyman 1879 and Fell
1947 as O. cuspidata]
Southwest Pacic 432–2900 m, volcanic mud and
pumice
Lyman (1879); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Histampica canescens [Lyman
1879 as Amphiura canescens;
Fell 1947 and McKnight 1968c
as Ophiactis canescens]
Lyman (1879); Fell
(1947); McKnight
(1968c)
Ophiactis exuosa 1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Lyman (1879); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c)
Ophiactis nama 1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Lyman (1879); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c)
Ophiactis profundi upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
?Amphioplus sp.upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
AMPHIURIDAE
Amphiura argentea [McKnight
1968c as Monamphiura argentea]
1097 m, volcanic mud and pumice Lyman (1879); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1968c)
Amphiura (Amphiura) lanceolata Lyman (1879); Fell (1947)
Amphiura sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Amphiura sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Amphiura sp. C upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Axiognathus squamatus widespread amongst algae, intertidal – shallow
subtidal
McKnight (1968c)
Class ECHINOIDEA
CIDARIDAE
Phyllacanthus dubius
[Farquhar 1907 as P. dubia]
Indo-Pacic Farquhar (1907)
Phyllacanthus imperialis Australia, Kermadecs shallow reefs Rowe & Hoggett (1986);
Schiel et al. (1986)
Phyllacanthus parvispinus Australia, Kermadecs shallow reefs McKnight (1968c);
Rowe & Hoggett (1986);
Gardner et al. (2006)
Prionocidaris callista Australia, Lord Howe
Rise, Norfolk Island,
New Caledonia,
Kermadecs
20–44 m, reef Rowe & Hoggett (1986)
Stylocidaris sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
102 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
HISTOCIDARIDAE
Histocidaris sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Poriocidaris sp. New Zealand, Kermadecs 700–1000 m Clark et al. (1999)
ASPIDODIADEMATIDAE
Aspidodiadema tonsum West Pacic, Norfolk
Island-Kermadecs to Japan
950 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895)
DIADEMATIDAE
Centrostephanus rodgersii Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk Is., Northland,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs McKnight (1968c); Schiel
et al. (1986); Gardner et
al. (2006)
Diadema sp. (“blue-violet aboral
colouration”)
shallow reefs Schiel et al. (1986);
Lessios et al. (2001)
PEDINIDAE
Caenopedina sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ECHINOTHURIIDAE
?Araeosoma sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
PHORMOSOMATIDAE
Phormosoma rigidum Fell (1947)
SALENIDAE
Salenocidaris brachygnatha McKnight (1968c)
Salenocidaris hastigera [Murray
1895 as Salenia hastigera]
widespread 1152 m, volcanic mud, Challenger
station 170a
Murray (1895); Beaumont
et al. (2012)
TEMNOPLEURIDAE
Trigonocidaris monolini
[McKnight 1968c as Orechinus
monolini]
Challenger station 170 McKnight (1968c)
Trigonocidaris radiata Indo-Pacic 508 m McKnight (1968c)
TOXOPNEUSTIDAE
Tripneustes gratilla Indo-Pacic McKnight (1968c); Schiel
et al. (1986); Gardner et
al. (2006)
ECHINIDAE
Dermechinus horridus Indian and Pacic
Oceans
180–1200 m Clark et al. (1999);
Tracey et al. (2005)
Echinus acutus widespread 1152 m, volcanic mud, Challenger
station 170a
Murray (1895)
Gracilechinus multidentatus New Zealand,
Kermadecs
658–1324 m McKnight (1968a, c);
Tracey et al. (2005)
ECHINOMETRIDAE
Echinometra mathaei Indo-West Pacic shallow reefs McKinght (1968c, 1984);
Gardner et al. (2006)
Heliocidaris tuberculata Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk Island,
Northland, Kermadecs
shallow reefs McKnight (1968c); Schiel
et al. (1986); Gardner et
al. (2006)
ECHINONEIDAE
Echinoneus cyclostomus tropical Atlantic and
Indo-West Pacic
burrows in sand beneath coral
slabs, 0–120 m
McKnight (1968c); Chao
(2000)
103Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CLYPEASTERIDAE
Clypeaster australasiae Northland, Kermadecs sand, subtidal McKnight (1968c)
FIBULARIIDAE
Echinocyamus polyporus Norfolk Island, North
Island, Kermadecs
sand, subtidal McKnight (1968c)
LAGANIDAE
Peronella hinemoae Norfolk Island,
Wanganella Bank, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
sand, 138 m McKnight (1968b, c)
Laganum depressum var.
tonganense
Indo-West Pacic sand, subtidal McKnight (1968c)
BRISSIDAE
Brissus latecarinatus Indo-West Pacic sand, 0–45 m McKnight (1968c); Chao
(2000)
Class HOLOTHUROIDEA
HOLOTHURIIDAE
Holothuria (Platyperona)
difcilis [Benham 1911 as
Actinopyga (Muelleria) parvula]
Indo-Pacic under stones near low water, Coral
Bay
Benham (1911)
CHIRIDOTIDAE
Chiridota rigida [Benham 1911
as Chirodota rigida]
Indo-West Pacic sand and mud beneath stones in
rock pools
Benham (1911)
CAUDINIDAE
Paracaudina sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
INCERTAE CEDIS
sp. A upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. B upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. C upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. D upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. E upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
sp. F upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Class CRINOIDEA
BOURGUETICRINIDA
unidentied sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ISOCRINIDAE
Endoxocrinus (Diplocrinus)
alternicirrus [Murray 1895 as
Pentacrinus alternicirrus]
Indo-West Pacic hard ground, 1097 m Murray (1895); McKnight
(1973); Eléaume et al.
(2007)
Hypalocrinus naresianus
[Murray 1895 as Pentacrinus
naresianus]
Indo-West Pacic hard ground and mud, 951–1152 m Murray (1895); Fell (1947,
1950); McKnight (1973);
Tatsuo & Kota (2006)
Metacrinus moseleyi McKnight (1989)
Metacrinus nobilis Pacic 745–660 m McKnight (1977)
Metacrinus nodosus mud, 1152 m Murray (1895); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1973)
Metacrinus wyvilli Philippines – southern
New Zealand
610–640 m Murray (1895); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1977)
Saracrinus varians [Murray
1895 as Metacrinus varians]
Indo-West Pacic mud, 1152 m Murray (1895); Fell
(1947); McKnight (1973)
104 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
ISSELICRINIDAE
Endoxocrinus (Diplocrinus)
alternicirrus [Fell 1947 as
Diplocrinus alternicirrus]
Fell (1947)
Endoxocrinus (Diplocrinus) sp.
[McKnight 1989 as Diplocrinus sp.]
McKnight (1989)
COMASTERIDAE
Comanthus benhami Kermadecs, New Zealand,
Wanganella Bank
290 m McKnight (1977)
Comanthoides gillstromi 290–370 m McKnight (1977)
TROPIOMETRIDAE
Tropiometra afra Japan – northern
Australia and Kermadecs
10–30 m McKnight (1977);
Gardner et al. (2006)
THALASSOMETRIDAE
Aglaometra valida [Fell 1947 as
Aglaometra incerta]
Fell (1947)
Stiremetra breviradia [Murray
1895 as Antedon breviradia]
Kermadecs, Norfolk
Ridge
123–1030 m Murray (1895); Fell (1947);
McKnight (1977, 1993)
Stiremetra spinicirra McKnight (1989)
Stiremetra sp. McKnight (1989)
Thalassometra echinata [Murray
1895 as Antedon echinata]
Kermadecs, Indian
Ocean
952 m, volcanic mud Murray (1895); Fell (1947)
CHARITOMETRIDAE
Charitometra basicurva [Murray
1895 as Antedon basicurva]
1165–1185 m Murray (1895); Fell (1947);
McKnight (1977)
Charitometra incisa Fell (1947)
Glyptometra inaequalis [Murray
1895 as Antedon inaequalis]
Philippines – southern
New Zealand
1165–1185 m Murray (1895); Fell (1947);
McKnight (1977)
Glyptometra tuberosa McKnight (1989)
Monachometra kermadecensis 390–490 m McKnight (1977)
Monachometra sp.1 deepwater Clark et al. (1999)
Strotometra ornatissimus McKnight (1989)
ANTEDONIDAE
Antedon incerta [Glasby & Read
1998 as Antedon sp.]
Kermadecs, Indian
Ocean
volcanic mud, 951 m Murray (1895); Glasby &
Read (1998)
Erythrometra rostrata Star of Bengal Bank,
northern New Zealand
270 m McKnight (1977)
Nanometra clymene McKnight (1989)
Thaumatometra alternata
[Murray 1895 as Antedon
alternata]
Kermadecs, New
Zealand, Norfolk Ridge
745–660 m Murray (1895); Fell (1947);
McKnight (1977, 1993)
PENTAMETROCRINIDAE
Pentametrocrinus semperi upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Thaumatocrinus sp. 1142–1156 m McKnight (1977)
HYOCRINIDAE
Ptilocrinus sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
BATHYCRINIDAE
Bathycrinus australis Kermadec Trench –
Southern Ocean
1730–8300 m McKnight (1973)
Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis McKnight (1989)
unidentied sp. 745–660 m McKnight (1977)
105Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Phylum HEMICHORDATA
Class ENTEROPNEUSTA
PTYCHODERIDAE
Ptyctodera ava Indo-West Pacic under stones, intertidal Benham (1911)
Phylum UROCHORDATA
Class ASCIDIACEA
DIDEMNIDAE
Leptoclinides blue sp. (NIWA
MNP7408)
shallow subtidal (Meyer
Islands)
Duffy (2005)
PSEUDODISTOMIDAE
Pseudodistoma novae-
zealandiae? (NIWA MP7398)
shallow subtidal
(Denham Bay)
Duffy (2005)
Pseudodistoma transparent sp.
(NIWA MNP7393)
shallow subtidal
(Denham Bay, Derryl
Island)
Duffy (2005)
Pseudodistoma cream sp.
(NIWA MNP7412)
shallow subtidal (Derryl
Island)
Duffy (2005)
PYURIDAE
Culeolus wyville-thomsoni Kermadecs, Weddell Sea
(Antarctica)
950–4557 m Herdman (1882); Murray
(1895)
Class THALIACEA
PYROSOMATIDAE
Pyrosoma sp. cosmopolitan epipelagic Murray (1895)
Class LARVACEA
FRITILLARIIDAE
Appendicularia sp. collected north of Raoul Is.
at Challenger station 171
epipelagic Murray (1895)
Phylum CHORDATA
Class CHONDRICHTHYES
HEXANCHIDAE
Heptranchias perlo cosmopolitan bathydemersal, surface –1000 m
depth, usually below 180 m
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Hexanchus griseus cosmopolitan bathydemersal, surface –2500 m
depth, usually below 180 m
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
CENTROPHORIDAE
Centrophorus harrissoni Kermadec Ridge, Three
Kings Ridge, Norfolk
Ridge, New Caledonia,
eastern Australia
450–1048 m Duffy (2007)
Deania calcea cosmopolitan bathydemersal, 60–1490 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
DALATIIDAE
Dalatias licha cosmopolitan bathydemersal, 40–800 m depth,
usually deeper than 200 m
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Isistius brasiliensis circumglobal in sub-
tropical and tropical zone
pelagic, surface –3700 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
ETMOPTERIDAE
Etmopterus lucifer cosmopolitan bathypelagic, 150–1250 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
106 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
SOMNIOSIDAE
Centroscymnus owstoni Southwest Atlantic and
Pacic
demersal, upper slope, 100–1500
m depth
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Scymnodon ringens widespread; North
Atlantic, New Zealand
bathypelagic, 200–1600 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
SQUALIDAE
Cirrhigaleus australis
[as Cirrhigaleus barbifer]
western Pacic, eastern
Australia, New Zealand
to Japan
bathydemersal Beaumont et al. (2012)
Squalus grifni Norfolk Ridge, Kermadec
Ridge, Louisville Ridge,
North and northern South
Is, Chatham Islands
demersal, upper slope, 80–320 m Duffy & Last (2007b)
Squalus raoulensis endemic demersal, upper slope, 300–320 m Duffy & Last (2007a)
Records of S. acanthias from the north Kermadec Ridge require conrmation as they are possibly misidentications of S. grifni or S.
raoulensis.
ALOPIIDAE
Alopias superciliosus [Bagley et
al. 2000 as A. vulpinus, reported
as A. superciliosus by shery
observers]
cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic Bagley et al. (2000);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
ODONTASPIDIDAE
Odontaspis ferox cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
deepwater reefs, outer shelf to
upper slope
Francis (1991)
CETORHINIDAE
Cetorhinus maximus [single basking
shark reported beach cast in Denham
Bay, possibly misidentication of
Rhincodon typus]
cosmopolitan in
temperate waters
pelagic, surface –1000 m depth Morton (1957)
LAMNIDAE
Carcharodon carcharias cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface –1100 m depth Duffy et al. (2012)
Isurus oxyrinchus cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface –300 m depth Ross & Bailey (1986b);
Bagley et al. (2000)
Lamna nasus widespread,
amphitemperate
pelagic, surface –715 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
SCYLIORHINIDAE
Apristurus sp. bathydemersal Beaumont et al. (2012)
Cephaloscyllium n. sp.
[Beaumont et al. 2012 as
Cephaloscylium isabellum]
endemic demersal Beaumont et al. (2012)
PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE
Gollum attenuatus Norfolk Ridge, Kermadec
Ridge, North Is.
bathydemersal, upper slope,
125–970 m
Beaumont et al. (2012);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
TRIAKIDAE
Galeorhinus galeus widespread,
amphitemperate
benthopelagic, surface –1100 m
depth
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Mustelus n. sp.
[Francis et al. 1987 as Mustelus
lenticulatus]
endemic demersal, 8–125 m Francis et al. (1987);
Duffy & Francis
(unpiblished data)
107Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CARCHARHINIDAE
Carcharhinus galapagensis
[Günther 1889 and Murray 1895
as Carcharias lamia Risso (not
Ranesque, 1810); Waite 1910
as Carcharias sp.]
cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
bentho-pelagic, oceanic islands and
seamounts
Günther (1889); Murray
(1895); Waite (1910);
Garrick (1982); Schiel et
al. 1986; Francis (1993,
1996)
Carcharhinus longimanus cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface –230 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Carcharhinus plumbeus cosmopolitan in tropical
and subtropical waters
Denham Bay, Raoul Island;
continental and insular shelves,
surface –280 m depth
NMNZ P.52008, P52009
Galeocerdo cuvier cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
bentho-pelagic, inshore to 371 m Francis (1993)
Prionace glauca cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface to 350 m depth Bagley et al. (2000)
Triaenodon obesus widespread in the
tropical Indo-Pacic
bentho-pelagic, often associated
with coral reefs, surface to 40 m
depth, exceptionally to 330 m
N.D. Forrester
photograph Boat Cove,
14 April 2014
Records of Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and C. brachyurus from the north Kermadec Ridge may be based upon
misidentications of C. galapagensis and require conrmation.
SPHYRNIDAE
Sphyrna zygaena cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface to 300 m depth Francis (1993)
TORPEDINIDAE
Tetronarce fairchildi [as Torpedo
fairchildi, indentication
requires conrmation]
New Zealand demersal, 5–1153 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
RAJIDAE
unidentied sp. Reported as “SKA” (Rajidae,
Arhyncobatidae), bottom longline, 3 July 1993.
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
DASYATIDAE
Dasyatis brevicaudata cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
demersal, to 476 m depth Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1993); Beaumont
et al. (2012)
Pteroplatytrygon violacea cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface to 381 m depth Bagley et al. (2000)
MYLIOBATIDAE
Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Kermadecs, New
Zealand, Norfolk Island
demersal, to 160 m depth Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1993)
CHIMAERIDAE
unidentied sp. [commercial
catch reported as Hydrolagus
novaezealandiae, reported
as Chimaera sp. by scientic
shery observers, 3 July 1993]
New Zealand bathydemersal, 18–950 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
MURAENIDAE
Anarchias supremus endemic: off Macauley
Island
154 m McCosker & Stewart
(2006)
Anarchias cf. seychellensis Indo-Pacic: Meyer
Island & Denham Bay
reef, 8.5–15.5 m McCosker & Stewart
(2006)
108 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Enchelycore ramosa southeast Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs,
Rapa and Easter Islands
Francis et al. (1987)
Gymnothorax berndti Indo-Pacic: northern
Kermadec Ridge
reef, 278 m McCosker & Stewart
(2006)
Gymnothorax eurostus Indo-Pacic: Denham
Bay
reef, 12–15.5 m Francis (1993); McCosker
& Stewart (2006)
Gymnothorax nubilus [Günther,
1870 as Muraena euptera]
Kermadecs, New
Zealand, Norfolk Island
reef, to 15 m Francis et al. (1987);
Böhlke & McCosker (2001)
Gymnothorax pictus
[Franics 1993 as Siderea picta]
tropical Indo-Pacic Francis (1993)
Gymnothorax porphyreus
[Francis et al. 1987 and Francis
1993 as G. grifni]
Peru, Chile, Easter
Island, Juan Fernandez
Islands, Kermadecs,
New Zealand, Norfolk
and Lord Howe Islands
reef, to 13 m Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1993); Böhlke
& McCosker (2001);
McCosker & Stewart
(2006)
Gymnothorax prasinus southern Australia and
New Zealand
reef, to 40 m Beaumont et al. (2012);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Gymnothorax thyrsoideus Western-Central Pacic Duffy (2005)
Gymnothorax ypsilon Western Pacic reef, 110–168 m McCosker & Stewart
(2006)
SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE
unidentied sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
OPHICHTHIDAE
Myrichthys maculosus Indo-Pacic: Denham
Bay
sand, 22 m Francis (1993); McCosker
& Stewart (2006)
Scolecenchelys australis
[Francis 1993 as Muraenichthys
australis]
Francis (1993)
NETTASTOMATIDAE
unidentied sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
CONGRIDAE
Bassanago bulbiceps southeast Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
benthic, 270–1100 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Conger cinereus Francis (1993)
Conger wilsoni Francis (1993)
Gnathophis umbrellabius Francis (1993)
Poeciloconger kapala New South Wales,
Kermadecs
Castle (1990); Francis
(1993); M. P. Francis
pers. comm.
INCERTAE CEDIS
Unidentied irridescent green
snake-like eel
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Unidentied grey snake-like eel upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
ENGRAULIDAE
Engraulis australis Francis (1993)
GONORYNCHIDAE
Gonorynchus greyi Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis (1993)
109Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
GONOSTOMATIDAE
Cyclothone microdon [Günther
1887 as Gonostoma microdon]
cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
mesopelagic, 950 m Challenger
station 170
Günther (1887)
STERNOPTYCHIDAE
Sternoptyx diaphana cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
mesopelagic Günther (1887)
ALEPISAURIDAE
Alepisaurua brevirostris cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
mesopelagic; surface –1591 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Alepisaurus ferox cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
mesopelagic; surface –1830 m Bagley et al. (2000);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
SYNODONTIDAE
Synodus doaki Francis et al. (1987)
Synodus similis Duffy (2005)
Synodus variegatus Francis (1993)
Trachinocephalus myops Francis (1993)
AULOPIDAE
Hime pyrhistion eastern Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk
Ridges, northeast North
Island, Kermadecs
80–380 m Gomon et al. (2013)
CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE
Paraulopus nigripinnis
[Beaumont et al. 2012 as
Chlorophthalmus sp.]
southeast Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
demersal, 50–600 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
IPNOPIDAE
Bathypterois longilis eastern Australia,
Norfolk Ridge,
Kermadec Ridge
volcanic mud, 950–1152 m,
Challenger station 170, 170a
Günther (1887); Murray
(1895)
NOTOSUDIDAE
Luciosudis normani
[Beaumont et al. 2012 as
Luciosudus sp.]
cosmopolitan bathypelagic, 500–800 m Beaumont et al. (2012);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
NEOSCOPELIDAE
Neoscopelus macrolepidotus
[Günther 1887 and Murray 1895
as as Scopelus macrolepidotus]
cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
mesopelagic, 950 m Challenger
station 170
Günther (1887); Murray
(1895)
CARAPIDAE
Onuxodon fowleri M. Francis, NIWA, pers.
comm.
BYTHITIDAE
Microbrotula punicea endemic: Raoul Island shallow reef, 8.5–15.5 m Duffy (2005); Anderson
(2007)
OPHIDIIDAE
Genypterus blacodes New Zealand, Australia,
Brazil-Argentina,
Falkland Islands, Chile
benthic, 22–1000 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
110 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
LOPHIIDAE
?Sladinia sp. Kermadec Ridge
(Brothers volcano and
Kermadec Is)
Wright seamount, 1000–1178 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
CHAUNACIDAE
Chaunax nudiventer New Caledonia, South
Fiji Ridge, Kermadecs,
northern New Zealand
282–1089 m Ho et al. (2013a)
Chaunax penicillatus Indo-West Pacic 343–620 m Ho et al. (2013a)
Chaunax russatus southern Lord Howe
Rise, West Norfolk
Ridge, Kermadec Ridge,
northern New Zealand,
Louisville Ridge
512–1200 m Ho et al. (2013a)
Chaunax sp. (orange cofn sh) Macauley Cauldera 260–360 m New Zealand-American
Submarine Ring of
Fire 2005 Exploration,
NOAA Vents Program;
Beaumont et al. (2012)
OGCOCEPHALIDAE
Malthopsis asperata New Caledonia,
Kermadec Ridge
240–510 m Ho et al. (2013b)
Malthopsis mitrigera New Caledonia,
Kermadec Ridge
420–677 m Ho et al. (2013b)
Malthopsis parva Indo-West Pacic 540–1156 m Ho et al. (2013b)
Halieutopsis bathyoreos Western-Central Pacic 950–1500 m Ho et al. (2013b)
MERLUCCIIDAE
Macruronus novaezelandiae southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
benthopelagic, surface –1000 m
depth, usually 200–700 m
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
MORIDAE
Lepidion ?microcephalus Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lepidion schmidti western Pacic, amphi-
temperate
375–1520 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lotella phycis Francis et al. (1987)
Lotella rhacinus Francis et al. (1987)
Mora moro cosmopolitan 300–2500 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
MACROURIDAE
Bathygadus cottoides southeast Atlantic,
southwest Pacic
volcanic mud, 950–1097 m,
Challenger stations 169–171
Günther (1887); Clark
(1988)
Cetonurus crassiceps
[as Macrurus crassiceps]
Atlantic and Pacic
Oceans
volcanic mud, 950–1097 m,
Challenger stations 170–171
Günther (1887)
Coelorinchus kermadecus
[Günther 1887 as Macrurus
parallelus]
New Caledonia, Norfolk
Ridge, New Zealand,
Kermadec Ridge
upper slope, 950–1152 m,
Challenger stations169–171
Günther (1887); McCann
& McKnight (1980);
Clark (1988); Jordan &
Starks (1904); McMillan
& Paulin (1993)
Coelorinchus mystax New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
Coryphaenoides rudis
[as Macrurus rudis]
widespread, tropical and
subtropical
volcanic mud, 950–1097 m,
Challenger stations 170–171
Günther (1887)
Coryphaenoides ?serrulatus Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
111Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus
[as Macrurus denticulatus]
southern Australia and
New Zealand
volcanic mud, 950 m Challenger
station 170
Günther (1887)
Hymenocephalus nascens widespread in tropical
west Pacic
upper slope, 590–1000 m McMillan & Iwamoto
(2014)
?Trachyrincus sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
GOBIESOCIDAE
n.gen. et sp. endemic shallow subtidal reefs Francis (1993)
BELONIDAE
Ablennes hians cosmopolitan, tropical
and subtropical
epipelagic Francis (1991)
Platybelone argalus West Atlantic, South
Pacic
epipelagic Paulin (1984); Francis
(1993)
EXOCOETIDAE
Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus
melanocercus
warm temperate and
subtropical Southwest
Pacic
epipelagic Duffy (2005)
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Euleptorhamphus viridis Indo-Pacic Francis (1993)
MONOCENTRIDAE
Monocentris japonicus Indo-West Pacic Francis (1993)
TRACHICHTHYIDAE
Hoplostethus atlanticus widespread, all major
oceans
bathypelagic, 180–1809 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Optivus elongatus New Zealand, Kermadecs Francis et al. (1987)
BERYCIDAE
Beryx splendens Cosmopolitan bathypelagic Beaumont et al. (2012)
Centroberyx afnis Australia, New Caledonia,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
HOLOCENTRIDAE
Myripristis berndti Indo-Pacic Francis (1991)
Pristilepis oligolepis Indo-West Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
ZEIDAE
Zenopsis nebulosa Pacic Ocean demersal, 30–800 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
AULOSTOMIDAE
Aulostomus chinensis Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
CENTRISCIDAE
Centriscops humerosus circumglobal in southern
temperate zone
35–1000 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
FISTULARIIDAE
Fistularia commersonii Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
SYNGANTHIDAE
Cosmocampus sp. Duffy (2005)
112 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
NEOSEBASTIDAE
Maxillicosta raoulensis NSW, Lord Howe Rise,
North Island, Kermadecs
60–113 m Eschmeyer & Poss (1976);
Motomura et al. (2005);
Australian Museum
SEBASTIDAE
Helicolenus sp. Norfolk Ridge,
Kermadec Ridge, eastern
Chatham Rise
127–300 m Beaumont et al. (2012);
Smith et al. (2009)
SCORPAENIDAE
Ocosia apia Francis (1993)
Dendrochirus brachypterus Indo-West Pacic 29 m, Denham Bay Duffy (2005)
Pterois antennata tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Pterois volitans tropical Indo-Pacic
(eastern Indian Ocean,
Pacic Ocean)
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Scorpaena cardinalis [Francis
et al. 1987 as Scorpaena
cookii; Beaumont et al. 2012 as
S. papillosus]
Lord Howe Island,
Norfolk Island, northern
New Zealand, Kermadec
Islands
rocky reefs, intertidal–154 m Francis et al. (1987);
Motomura et al. (2011);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Scorpaenodes evides [Francis
1993 as S. scaber; Duffy 2005 as
Scorpaenoides littoreus]
Indo-West Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993); Duffy
(2005); Motomura et al.
(2010)
TRIGLIDAE
Lepidotrigla robinsi [Francis
1993 as Lepidotrigla brachyoptera]
endemic demersal, 110–146 m Francis (1993); Richards
(1997)
LAMPRIDAE
Lampris guttatus cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, 100–400 m depth Bagley et al. (2000);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
LOPHOTIDAE
Lophotus capellei widespread in tropical
and subtropical waters of
the Atlantic and Pacic
bathypelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
TRACHIPTERIDAE
Trachipterus trachypterus cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
mesopelagic, surface–600 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
BRAMIDAE
Brama brama cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
pelagic, surface–1000 m depth Bagley et al. (2000)
Taractichthys steindachneri
[as Taratichthys longipinnis]
Indo-Pacic pelagic, 50–700 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
CARISTIIDAE
Platyberyx sp. bathypelagic, surface to 3000 m
depth?
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
POLYPRIONIDAE
Polyprion americanus cosmopolitan upper slope, 30–800 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Polyprion oxygeneios Circum-global in
temperate Southern
Hemisphere
Beaumont et al. (2012)
113Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
SERRANIDAE
Acanthistius cinctus Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
Aulacocephalus temmincki Australia, Norfolk, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
Waite (1911); Francis et
al. (1987)
Caprodon longimanus Francis et al. (1987)
Epinephelus daemelii Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Waite (1911); Francis
(1985); Francis et al.
(1987)
Epinephelus octofasciatus Indo-West Pacic Francis (1993); Beaumont
et al. (2012)
Grammistes sexlineatus Indo-West Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
Hypoplectrodes sp. B North Island, Kermadecs Francis et al. (1987);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lepidoperca aurantia New Zealand bathydemersal, 102–604 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Trachypoma macracanthus Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
CALLANTHIIDAE
Callanthias australis Australia, Chestereld Is.,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
reefs, 15–365 m depth Beaumont et al. (2012);
M. P. Francis pers. comm.
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus fukuii [Francis
1993 as Apogon doederleini]
Indo-West Pacic reef, 20–60 m Francis (1993)
Pristiapogon kallopterus [as
Apogon kallopterus]
Indo-West Pacic Francis (1993)
EPIGONIDAE
Epigonus telescopus widespread bathydemersal, 75–1200 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
ECHENEIDAE
Echeneis naucrates widespread Francis (1993)
Remora remora widespread Francis (1993)
CORYPHAENIDAE
Coryphaena hippurus cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
CARANGIDAE
Decapterus muroadsi Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1993); Duffy
(2005)
Elagatis bipinnulata M. P. Francis pers. comm.
Naucrates ductor widespread epipelagic, associates with large
pelagic shes and turtles
Murray (1895)
Pseudocaranx cf. wrighti
[Francis et al. 1987 as P. dentex]
?southern Australia,
Northland, Kermadec
Islands
Francis et al. (1987);
Smith-Vaniz & Jelks
(2006)
Seriola dumerili cosmopolitan M. P. Francis pers. comm.
Seriola lalandi cosmopolitan Francis et al. (1987)
Seriola rivoliana Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
Trachurus declivis Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis (1993)
114 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
LUTJANIDAE
Etelis coruscans Indo-Pacic 90–400 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Lutjanus kasmira Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1991)
Paracaesio xanthura Indo-West Pacic Francis (1991)
EMMELICHTHYIDAE
Emmelichthys nitidus Indo-Pacic benthopelagic, 86–500 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Plagiogeneion rubiginosum South Atlantic, Southern
Indian Ocean, southern
Australia, New Zealand
benthopelagic, 30–600 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
MULLIDAE
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis tropical Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
Parupeneus spilurus [Francis et
al. 1987 as P. signatus]
Western Pacic Waite (1911); Francis et
al. (1987); Francis (1993)
Upeneichthys lineatus SE Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
Upeneus francisi Norfolk Island, North
Island, Kermadecs
Francis (1991); Francis
(1993)
PEMPHERIDAE
Pempheris analis Australia, Lord Howe
Is, Norfolk Is, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
CHAETODONTIDAE
Amphichaetodon howensis Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
Chaetodon auriga tropical Indo-Pacic Francis (1991)
Chaetodon lunula tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs underwater photograph by
Thomas Hitchon, North
Meyer Island, November
2008; drawing by W. R.
Oliver, Canterbury Museum
Forcipiger avissimus tropical Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
Heniochus diphreutes tropical Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
POMACANTHIDAE
Genicanthus semicinctus tropical Indo-Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
PENTACEROTIDAE
Evistias acutirostris Australia, Lord Howe,
Norfolk, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
Pseudopentaceros richardsoni Southeast Atlantic,
southern Indian Ocean,
southern Australia, New
Zealand
benthopelagic, surface–1000 m
depth
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
MICROCANTHIDAE
Atypichthys latus Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
SCORPIDAE
Bathystethus cultratus Southwest Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
Labracoglossa nitida Southwest Pacic Francis et al. (1987)
115Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Scorpis violaceus Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
GIRELLIDAE
Girella cyanea shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Girella mbriatus [McCulloch,
1920 as Girellops mbriatus; Francis
et al. 1987 as Girella mbriata;
Knudsen & Clements 2013 with
formattng error as G. elevata.]
eastern Australia and
Kermadecs
shallow reefs McCulloch (1920);
Francis et al. (1987);
Knudsen & Clements
(2013)
KYPHOSIDAE
Kyphosus bigibbus
[Duffy 2005, NMNZ P.041290
as K.?sydneyanus]
subtropical tropical
Atlantic and Indo-West
Pacic
shallow reefs Duffy (2005); Knudsen &
Clements (2013)
Kyphosus cinerascens [visual
record, requires conrmation]
tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
Kyphosus sectatrix
[Francis et al. 1987 and Francis
1993 as K. bigibbus]
tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1993); Knudsen
& Clements (2013)
Kyphosus vaigiensis
[visual record, requires
conrmation]
subtropical and tropical
Atlantic and Indo-Pacic
shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
ARRIPIDAE
Arripis trutta eastern Australia, New
Zealand
pelagic Francis et al. (1987)
Arripis xylabion North Island, Kermadecs pelagic Francis (1993); Paulin
(1993)
KUHLIIDAE
Kuhlia mugil tropical Indian and
Pacic Oceans
shallow reefs Francis (1993)
CIRRHITIDAE
Cirrhitus pinnulatus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Paulin (1984); Francis
(1993)
Notocirrhitus splendens Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Paulin (1984); Francis et
al. (1987)
CHIRONEMIDAE
Chironemus microlepis Lord Howe Is, Norfolk
Is, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
APLODACTYLIDAE
Aplodactylus etheridgii Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
CHEILODACTYLIDAE
Cheilodactylus ephippium Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Cheilodactylus francisi
[Francis et al. 1987 as C. vittatus]
Lord Howe Island,
Norfolk Island, ?New
Caledonia, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987);
Burridge (2004)
Nemadactylus douglasii Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
demersal Francis (1991)
Nemadactylus macropterus Australia, Norfolk, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
demersal Beaumont et al. (2012);
M. P. Francis pers. comm.
Nemadactylus sp. (king tarakihi) Norfolk Island, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
deep reefs Beaumont et al. (2012)
116 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
LATRIDAE
Latridopsis ciliaris Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
CEPOLIDAE
Cepola sp. upper slope Beaumont et al. (2012)
POMACENTRIDAE
Chromis abyssicola Norfolk Ridge, northeast
North Island, Kermadec
Ridge
deep reefs, 80–152 m A. Stewart, Museum
of New Zealand, pers.
comm.
Chromis dispilus North Island, Kermadecs shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Chromis vanderbilti western tropical Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Chrysiptera rapanui Kermadecs and Easter
Island
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Parma alboscapularis Lord Howe, Norfolk,
New Zealand, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Parma kermadecensis [Schiel et
al. 1986 as Parma polylepis]
New Zealand, Kermadecs shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Stegastes fasciolatus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Stegastes gascoynei Coral Sea, New
Caledonia, Norfolk
Island, Kermadecs
shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
LABRIDAE
Anampses caeruleopunctatus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Anampses elegans Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk
Islands, New Zealand,
Kermadecs, Easter Island
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Bodianus unimaculatus
[Francis et al. 1987 as Bodianus
vulpinus]
SE Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk
Islands, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Coris aygula tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs underwater photograph
by Thomas Hitchon,
North Meyer Island,
November 2008
Coris dorsomacula (roseoviridis?) Western Pacic shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
Coris picta tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1991)
Coris sandageri SE Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk
Islands, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Halichoeres margaritaceus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Notolabrus inscriptus SE Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk
Islands, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Pseudojuloides elongatus Western Pacic shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
Pseudocoris yamashiroi tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Pseudolabrus luculentus SE Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk
Islands, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Stethojulis bandanensis tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1991)
Suezichthys arquatus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Suezichthys aylingi New Zealand, Kermadecs shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Thalassoma amblycephalum tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
117Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Thalassoma jansenii tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Thalassoma lunare tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Thalassoma lutescens tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Thalassoma purpureum tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Thalassoma trilobatum tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
SCARIDAE
Scarus ghobban tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
Scarus rivulatus Western Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
CREEDIIDAE
Limnichthys fasciatus Francis (1993)
URANOSCOPIDAE
?Kathetostoma sp. [commercial
landings from vicinity of Star of
Bengal Bank identied as SPZ -
Genyagnus monopterygius]
M. P. Francis pers. comm.;
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Pleuroscopus pseudodorsalis widespread in Southern
Hemisphere
benthic; 40–800 m, usually
200–800 m depth
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Enneapterygius kermadecensis
[Francis et al. 1987 as Vauclusella
rufopilea, Francis 1993 as
Enneapterygius rufopilea]
endemic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987);
Francis (1993); Fricke
(1994)
BLENNIIDAE
Cirripectes alboapicalis tropical-subtroical sw
Pacic
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Cirripectes castaneus Indo-West Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Ecsenius bicolor tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Duffy (2005)
Entomacrodus caudofasciatus tropical Indo-Pacic intertidal – shallow subtidal Francis et al. (1987)
Entomacrodus cymatobiotus Western Pacic intertidal – shallow subtidal Francis (1993)
Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos
[Francis 1991, 1993 and Duffy 2005
as Entomacrodus niuafoouensis]
tropical Indo-Pacic intertidal – shallow subtidal Francis (1991); Francis
(1993); M. P. Francis
pers. comm.
Parablennius laticlavius Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
Plagiotremus tapeinosoma Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
GOBIIDAE
Eviota sp. endemic shallow reefs Francis (1993)
Priolepis psygmophilia
[Francis 1993 as Priolepis sp.]
Lord Howe Is,
Kermadecs, Pitcairn,
Easter Is, Rapa Iti
shallow reefs Francis (1993); Winter-
bottom & Burridge (1993);
Hoese & Larson (2010)
ZANCLIDAE
Zanclus cornutus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis et al. (1987)
ACANTHURIDAE
Acanthurus triostegus tropical Indo-Pacic shallow reefs Francis (1991)
Prionurus maculatus Australia, Lord Howe Is,
Norfolk Is, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
SPHYRAENIDAE
Sphyraena acutipinnis Indo-Pacic pelagic Francis (1993)
118 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
GEMPYLIDAE
Gempylus serpens cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic, surface –600 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Lepidocybium avobrunneum cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
bentho-pelagic, 200–1100 m depth Bagley et al. (2000);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Nesiarchus nasutus cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
bentho-pelagic, 200–1200 m depth Bagley et al. (2000);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Paradiplospinus gracilis widespread in Southern
Hemisphere (NZ, se
Atlantic)
bathydemersal, 368–626 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Rexea antefurcata Australia, New Zealand,
Fiji, Chile
bathydemersal, 80–800 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Ruvettus pretiosus cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
bentho-pelagic, 100–800 m depth Bagley et al. (2000);
Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
SCOMBRIDAE
Acanthocybium solanderi cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Gasterochisma melampus circumglobal in southern
temperate zone
epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Katsumonus pelamis cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic Habib et al. (1982);
Bagley et al. (2000)
Thunnus alalunga cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
epipelagic and mesopelagic Habib et al. (1982);
Bailey & Ross (1985);
Bagley et al. (2000)
Thunnus albacares cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic Bagley et al. (2000);
Duffy pers. obs.
Thunnus maccoyii cosmopolitan in
Southern Hemisphere
epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Thunnus obesus cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic Ross & Bailey (1986a);
Bagley et al. (2000)
Thunnus orientalis Pacic and eastern
Indian Oceans
epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
TRICHIURIDAE
Benthodesmus elongatus [shery
observer reports of frostsh
captures by surface longliners
are probably this species]
widespread in the
Southern Hemisphere
benthopelagic, 178–950 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database; A.
Stewart, Museum of New
Zealand, pers. com.
XIPHIIDAE
Xiphias gladius cosmopolitan in tropical
and temperate waters
epipelagic and mesopelagic Ross & Bailey (1986b);
Bagley et al. (2000)
ISTIOPHORIDAE
Makaira nigricans Indo-Pacic epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Tetrapturus angustirostris Indo-Pacic epipelagic Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Kajikia audax [as Tetrapturus
audax]
cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
epipelagic Ross & Bailey (1986b);
Bagley et al. (2000);
119Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
CENTROLOPHIDAE
Centrolophus niger cosmopolitan in
temperate waters
pelagic, surface–1050 m Bagley et al. (2000);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Hyperoglyphe antarctica
[Günther 1889 as Lirus porosus]
widespread in the
Southern Hemisphere
juveniles epipelagic, adults bentho-
pelagic from 40–1500 m, usually
260–490 m
Günther (1889);
McDowall (1982);
Beaumont et al. (2012)
Schedophilus maculatus widespread in the
Southern Hemisphere
epipelagic, to 1110 m depth McDowall (1982)
Schedophilus velaini
[Beaumont et al. 2012 as
Seriolella labyrinthica]
widespread in the
Southern Hemisphere
pelagic, surface–500 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Seriolella brama southern Australia, New
Zealand, Kermadecs
bentho-pelagic, surface–400 m Beaumont et al. (2012)
Seriolella punctata southern Australia, New
Zealand, Chile
bentho-pelagic, 27–650 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Tubbia tasmanica Southern Ocean pelagic, surface–850 m depth Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
BOTHIDAE
Engyprosopon raoulensis Norfolk Island, Raoul
Island
15–59 m, soft sediments Francis (1993); Amaoka
& Mihara (1995)
Lophonectes gallus Francis (1993)
CYNOGLOSSIDAE
Symphurus thermophilus Western Pacic,
Kermadec Ridge to
Japan
near active hydrothermal vents,
239–733 m
Munroe & Hashimoto
(2008); Beaumont et al.
(2012)
SOLEIDAE
Aseraggodes bahamondei Francis (1993)
Aseraggodes haackeanus
ramsayi
southern Australia, Lord
Howe and Kermadecs
Paulin (1984)
BALISTIDAE
Rhinecanthus rectangulus Francis (1991)
MOLIDAE
Mola ramsayi [as Mola mola]cosmopolitan in tropical
and warm-temperate
waters
pelagic, surface to 480 m Marsh (1986); Bagley et
al. (2000)
MONACANTHIDAE
Meuschenia scaber
[as Parika scaber]
Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis (1993)
Thamnaconus analis Australia, New Zealand,
Kermadecs
Francis et al. (1987)
OSTRACIIDAE
Lactoria diaphana Francis (1993)
Ostracion cubicus Francis et al. (1987)
TETRAODONTIDAE
Canthigaster callisterna Francis et al. (1987)
Sphoeroides pachygaster circumglobal in subtropical
and tropical zone
pelagic, surface to 480 m Ministry of Fisheries
Catch Effort Database
Torquigener altipinnis Francis (1993)
DIODONTIDAE
Diodon hystrix Francis (1993)
120 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Class REPTILIA
CHELONIIDAE
Caretta caretta cosmopolitan in tropical
– warm temperate waters
coastal reefs Marsh (1986)
Chelonia mydas cosmopolitan in tropical
– warm temperate waters
coastal reefs Oliver (1910); Godoy
(2010)
Eretmochelys imbricata cosmopolitan in tropical
– warm temperate waters
coastal reefs Godoy (2010)
DERMOCHELYIDAE
Dermochelys coriacea cosmopolitan – all
oceans
oceanic, surface to 1250 m depth Godoy (2010); P. de
Lange pers. comm.
Class AVES
DIOMEDEIDAE
Diomedia antipodensis
antipodensis
disperses widely in the
Southern Ocean and
South Pacic
breeds on New Zealand
Subantarctic islands
Gaskin (2011)
Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni disperses widely in the
Southern Ocean and
South Pacic
breeds on New Zealand
Subantarctic islands
Gaskin (2011)
Diomedea exulans disperses widely in the
Southern Hemisphere
breeds on Subantarctic islands in
the South Atlantic, Indian Ocean
and Tasman Sea
Murray (1895); Iredale
(1912); Taylor (2000);
Burg & Croxall (2004);
Vietch et al. (2004);
Onley & Scoeld (2007)
Phoebetria palpebrata Southern Ocean, circum-
polar
Subantarctic islands Iredale (1912)
Thalassarche bulleri (T. platei)disperses across the
South Pacic Ocean to
South America
T. bulleri breeds on Snares and
Solander Islands; T. platei on Three
Kings and Chatham Islands
Taylor (2000); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Thalassarche cauta
[may include Thalassarche
steadi]
disperse widely across
the Southern Ocean and
South Pacic
breeds in Tasmania Gaskin (2011)
Thalassarche melanophris
[Murray (1895) and Iredale
(1912) as Diomedea
melanophrys]
Southern Ocean, circum-
polar
breeds on Subantarctic islands Murray (1895); Iredale
(1912); Ministry of
Fisheries Catch Effort
Database; Gaskin (2011)
Thalassarche impavida disperse widely across
the Southern Ocean and
South Pacic
breeds on New Zealand
Subantarctic islands
Gaskin (2011)
PELECANOIDIDAE
Pelecanoides sp. Gaskin (2011)
PROCELLARIIDAE
Procellaria aequinoctialis Gaskin (2011)
Procellaria cinerea Gaskin (2011)
Procellaria parkinsoni Gaskin (2011)
Pufnus assimilis kermadecensis disperses locally Kermadec Islands Iredale (1912); Taylor (2000);
Holdaway et al. (2001)
Pufnus bulleri Gaskin (2011)
Pufnus carneipes Gaskin (2011)
Pufnus griseus forages over South
Pacic and Tasman
sea in austral summer,
migrates to North Pacic
in austral winter
breeds on New Zealand offshore
and subantarctic islands
Taylor (2000); Vietch et
al. (2004)
121Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Pufnus tenuirostris migrates through NZ
waters to North Pacic
in austral winter
Bass Strait islands Iredale (1912); Parkinson
(2000); Vietch et al.
(2004)
Pufnus nativitatis Vietch et al. (2004);
Gaskin (2011)
Pufnus pacicus forages widely in South
Pacic, may migrate to
North Pacic in austral
winter
Kermadec Islands and elsewhere
in tropical and sub–tropical Pacic
and Indian Oceans
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Daption capense Southern Ocean, circum-
polar
Antarctic and Subantarctic Islands Murray (1895); Iredale
(1912); Ministry of
Fisheries Catch Effort
Database
Macronectes sp. disperse widely in
Southern Ocean, most
found south of 30oS
Stewart and subantarctic islands Murray (1895); Taylor
(2000); Vietch et al.
(2004)
Pachyptila belcheri reaches New Zealand
during winter
Subantarctic Atlantic and Indian
Oceans
Parkinson (2000); Vietch
et al. (2004)
Pachyptila desolata banksi
[Oliver (1912) and Iredale
(1912) as Prion desolatus
subsp.?]
reaches New Zealand
during winter and spring
Antarctic and Subantarctic Islands Oliver (1912); Iredale
(1912); Parkinson (2000);
Taylor (2000); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Pachyptila turtur Gaskin (2011)
Pachyptila vittata Gaskin (2011)
Halobaena caerulea reaches New Zealand
during winter
Subantarctic islands Parkinson (2000); Vietch
et al. (2004)
Pterodroma alba Holdaway et al. (2001)
Pterodroma cervicalis cervicalis disperses over
subtropical and tropical
regions of the South
Pacic, and migrate
in winter to the North
Pacic Ocean
Macauley and Norfolk Islands Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Pterodroma cookii Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma inexpectata Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma lessonii Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma longirostris Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma macroptera gouldi Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004); Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma mollis Gaskin (2011)
Pterodroma neglecta neglecta disperses over
subtropical and tropical
regions of the South
Pacic Ocean
Kermadec, Lord Howe, Norfolk,
Tuamotu, Austral, Easter and
Pitcairn Islands
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Pterodroma nigripennis forages between 25-
47oS, migrates to Central
and North Pacic after
breeding
Northern New Zealand, Chatham,
Kermadec, Lord Howe, Norfolk
and Rapa Islands, New Caledonia,
Rarotonga, Tonga
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Pterodroma solandri Gaskin (2011)
HYDROBATIDAE
Fregetta grallaria widespread in tropical
regions, possibly feeds
close to the islands
Lord Howe and Kermadec Islands,
elsewhere on islands in the tropical
Atlantic, Indian and Pacic Oceans
Parkinson (2000);
Holdaway et al. (2001)
Fregetta tropica Gaskin (2011)
Oceanites oceanicus Gaskin (2011)
122 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Pelagodroma albiclunis
[Murray (1895), Iredale (1912),
Parkinson (2000), Taylor (2000)
and Holdaway et al. (2001) as
Pelagodroma marina albiclunis]
disperses locally Hazard Islet, Meyer Islands Murray (1895); Iredale
(1912); Parkinson (2000);
Taylor (2000); Holdaway
et al. (2001); Gaskin
(2011)
Pelagodroma marina Gaskin (2011)
PHAETHONTIDAE
Phaethon rubricauda roseotincta SW Pacic, north Tasman
and Coral Seas; other
subspecies in Indian and
North Pacic Oceans
Raoul, Meyer, Nugent, Dayrell,
South Chanter and Macauley Is.;
Norfolk and Lord Howe Is., Great
Barrier Reef
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
SULIDAE
Sula leucogaster widespread in tropical
regions
islands in the tropical Pacic,
Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Iredale (1912); Parkinson
(2000); Vietch et al.
(2004)
Sula dactylatra tasmani [O’Brien
& Davies (1990), Taylor (2000)
and Holdaway et al. (2001) as
Sula dactylatra fullagari]
Kermadec Islands, Lord Howe and
Norfolk Islands; other subspecies in
Pacic, Indian and Atlantic Oceans
Iredale (1912); O’Brien
& Davies (1990); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001); Steeves et al.
(2010); Ismar et al. (2010)
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax carbo Vietch et al. (2004)
Phalacocorax sulcirostris Iredale (1912)
FREGATIDAE
Fregata minor palmerstoni Vietch et al. (2004);
Gaskin (2011)
ARDEIDAE
Egretta novaehollandiae Vietch et al. (2004)
Ardea pacica Vietch et al. (2004)
Egretta garzetta Vietch et al. (2004)
Bubulcus ibis Vietch et al. (2004)
HAEMATOPODIDAE
Haematopus sp. Vietch et al. (2004)
GLAREOLIDAE
Glareola maldivarum Vietch et al. (2004)
CHARADRIIDAE
Charadrius bicinctus Vietch et al. (2004)
Charadrius veredus Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Pluvialis fulva Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Pluvialis squatarola Vietch et al. (2004)
SCOLOPACIDAE
Arenaria interpres Vietch et al. (2004)
Calidris canutus Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Calidris acuminata Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004)
123Annotated checklist of the marine ora and fauna
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
Limosa lapponica Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Numenius madagascariensis Vietch et al. (2004)
Numenius phaeopus variegatus Iredale (1912); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Numenius tahitiensis Vietch et al. (2004)
Tringa incana Vietch et al. (2004)
Tringa brevipes Vietch et al. (2004)
STERCORARIIDAE
Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi Gaskin (2011)
Stercorarius parasiticus Vietch et al. (2004)
LARIDAE
Larus dominicanus dominicanus widespread in Southern
Hemisphere
New Zealand, southern Australia,
South America, subantarctic
islands, Antarctica
Taylor (2000); Vietch et
al. (2004)
Larus novaehollandiae
scopulinus
New Zealand North, South, Chatham, Snares,
Auckland and Campbell Islands
Taylor (2000); Vietch et
al. (2004)
STERNIDAE
Anous stolidus pileatus disperses widely in the
tropics and subtropics
Curtis Island, elsewhere breeds on
many tropical islets in the Indian
and Pacic Oceans
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Anous minutus minutus disperses widely in the
sw Pacic
Kermadec Islands; elsewhere breeds
in many locations in sw Pacic, ne
Australia and New Guinea
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Gygis alba candida disperses widely in
tropical and subtropical
regions
Raoul Island, elsewhere widespread
in Pacic and Indian Oceans
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Procelsterna cerulea albivitta disperses south to
Bay of Plenty, prefers
subtropical seas
Kermadec Islands, Volkner Rocks,
Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands,
Tonga
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001); Latham (2003)
Sterna albifrons sinesis widespread in the
western Pacic
China and Japan, to eastern
Australia and Tasmania
Falla et al. (1981); Vietch
et al. (2004)
Sterna bergii widespread in the Indian
and sw Pacic Oceans
Oliver (1912); Iredale
(1912); Falla et al. (1981);
Vietch et al. (2004)
Sterna fuscata kermadeci
[Iredale (1912) as Onychoprion
fuscatus serratus]
disperses widely in the
tropics and subtropics
Kermadec Islands; other subspecies
throughout the tropical Pacic,
Indian and Atlantic Oceans
Iredale (1912); Taylor
(2000); Holdaway et al.
(2001)
Class MAMMALIA
DELPHINIDAE
Globicephala sp. cosmopolitan oceanic Gaskin (2011)
Orcinus orca cosmopolitan coastal and oceanic M. P. Francis, pers. comm.;
C. Duffy pers. obs.
Tursiops truncatus cosmopolitan forms predominantly coastal and
offshore populations that may be
morphologically and genetically
distinct from each other
Marsh (1986); Baker et
al. (2010)
PHYSETERIDAE
Physeter macrocephalus cosmopolitan breeds at tropical latititudes Gaskin (1973); Richards
(2010)
124 Clinton A.J. Duy & Shane T. Ahyong
Species Distribution Habitat/depth range Source
BALAENIDAE
Eubalaena australis Southern Hemisphere breeds at Campbell and Auckland
Islands
Richards (2010)
BALAENOPTERIDAE
Megaptera novaeangliae [Oliver
(1910) as Megaptera boops]
Southern Hemishere breeds at tropical latititudes Oliver (1910); Chilton
(1911)
Balaenoptera ?acutorostrata cosmopolitan breeds at tropical latititudes M. P. Francis, pers. comm.
Balaenoptera musculus cosmopolitan breeds at tropical latititudes Morton (1957)
