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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from nine starchy Curcuma species
... Indonesia has various types of nutritious plants, one of which comes from the Curcuma genus. The Curcuma genus has been widely studied and utilized, including C. longa, C. zedoaria, C. sylvatica, C. aeruginosa, C. amada, C. aromatica, C. brog, C. caesia, and C. rakhtakanta (Angel et al., 2012). The white turmeric plant (C. ...
... In traditional medicine, white turmeric rhizomes are consumed directly or in the form of herbal medicine (Rahman et al., 2013;Hisyam et al., 2023). The benefits of white turmeric as a medicine have been widely studied, including anticancer (Radji et al., 2010), anti-inflammatory (Kaushik and Jalalpure, 2011), antioxidant (Angel et al., 2012;Sumathi et al., 2013), antidiarrhea (Nuratmi et al., 2006), and antifungal (Cristiane et al., 2011;Hidayah et al., 2020). Kim et al. (2005) reported that water extract of white turmeric rhizomes could be used as hepatoprotective. ...
Curcuma zedoaria Rosc (Zingiberaceae), known as white turmeric or temu putih, is commonly used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. The toxicity of this herb needs to be studied to improve its application. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the crude ethanol extract of temu putih rhizome against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and to analyze the potential active compounds contained in the extract. The crude ethanol extract showed a 50% lethal concentration value (LC50) at 588 ppm against brine shrimp larvae and 224 ppm against zebrafish embryos. Based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the suspected active compounds that play a role in the toxicity were epicurzerenone, curzerene, and curzerenone, while 2,4,6-trimethylacetophenone was the predominant compound.
... Percobaan pertama dan kedua dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi karakter morfologi, hasil dan komponen hasil rimpang temu ireng dan informasi kekerabatan beberapa aksesi temu ireng di Indonesia, sedangkan percobaan ketiga dilakukan untuk memperoleh komposisi media multiplikasi temu ireng secara in vitro. Diagram alir penelitian disajikan pada Gambar 1. Genus Curcuma merupakan anggota famili Zingiberaceae terdiri atas 80 sampai 100 spesies yang telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional sejak lama (Paisooksantivatana et al. 2001;Syamkumar dan Sasikumar 2007;Angel et al. 2012b;Khan et al. 2013). Beberapa diantaranya belum dikenal dengan baik. ...
... Banyak spesies yang termasuk ke dalam genus Curcuma dikenal sebagai tanaman komersial atau memiliki nilai obat (Velayudhan et al.2012). Tanaman curcuma baik rimpang maupun daunnya memiliki aroma yang khas dan mengandung senyawa fungsional seperti volatil oil (Angel et al. 2012b;Wan et al. 2000), terpen, fenol, dan flavanoid, yang merupakan antioksidan yang sangat kuat (Kayser dan Quax 2007;Tsai et al. 2011). ...
Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) or temu ireng is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This plant has been used as a raw material for the medicine and cosmetics industries. However, the development of Temu ireng in Indonesia is still constrained by two main problems: 1. the limited availability of germplasm collections and superior varieties, and 2. the discontinuity of true-to-type seedling supply. Therefore, the collection and characterization of germplasm of temu ireng accessions are of great importance to support superior variety development. Furthermore, the in vitro propagation is expected to support the continuity of true-to-type seedling supply of temu ireng. The objectives of this study were to obtain information on morphological characters, yield, and yield components of several temu ireng accessions collected from several locations in Indonesia, to develop phylogenetic information of temu ireng accession, and to obtain the best media composition of temu ireng in vitro multiplication. Temu ireng accessions collected from several locations in Sumatra and Java were characterized from June to September 2013. Rhizomes of temu ireng accessions collected from different locations showed that the size and the flesh color of the mother rhizome, primary rhizome, and secondary rhizome varied between accessions. Based on the length and diameter of the mother rhizome, the Cianjur accession has the most significant mother rhizome size compared to other accessions.
The rhizomes of ten temu ireng accessions were planted at Sukamantri Experimental Field (540 m asl) from September 2013 to January 2014. Morphological characterization based on the descriptor of ginger (UPOV, BPPP) and Curcuma (PPV&FRA) and observation on yield and yield components were conducted on those temu ireng accessions. Three other species, e.g., Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Curcuma zedoaria were included as a comparison. Cluster analysis based on morphological and quantitative characters resulted in three major groups. Group 1 consisted of Cianjur, Malang, Rimbo, and Kendal accessions; Group 2 consisted of Bogor, Natar, and Liwa accessions and the three other species; Group 3 consisted of Cirebon, Kuningan 1, and Kuningan 2 accessions. The principal component analysis resulted in three main components with a proportion of 73.94% diversity. Phytochemical analysis of temu ireng rhizome accession and comparative plant contains chemical compounds saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, and quinone. The experiment of in vitro shoot multiplication of Kendal accession was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3 AGH IPB from September 2013 to January 2014. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and five replications. The first factor was BAP concentration, i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1 BAP. The second factor was IAA concentration, i.e., 0, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1. The results showed that the interaction between BAP and IAA concentration significantly affects the number of leaves and plantlets' height. Medium containing 0 mg L-1 IAA+ 6 mg L-1 BAP resulted in the highest number of buds (3.4 bud plantlet-1) and the tallest plantlet (2.5 cm), while medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 IAA + 6 mg L-1 BAP resulted in the highest number of the leaf (6.3 leaves explant-1). Seedlings produced from the in vitro culture could be successfully acclimatized.
... 3,8 Aromatic oil-bearing rhizome possesses a sweet smell and is used in cosmetics. 6,9 Numerous scientific studies also explored a wide range of bioactivities of black turmeric extract including anthelmintic, 10 anticancer, 11 antioxidant, [12][13][14] anti-inflammatory, 12 analgesic, 15 CNS depressant, anxiolytic, anti-convulsant, 16,17 antiasthmatic, 18 anti-ulcerogenic, 19 antimicrobial, 13,14,20 etc. The presence of diverse groups of secondary metabolites has been detected in black turmeric with monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids being the major contributors to its essential oil. ...
... 3,8 Aromatic oil-bearing rhizome possesses a sweet smell and is used in cosmetics. 6,9 Numerous scientific studies also explored a wide range of bioactivities of black turmeric extract including anthelmintic, 10 anticancer, 11 antioxidant, [12][13][14] anti-inflammatory, 12 analgesic, 15 CNS depressant, anxiolytic, anti-convulsant, 16,17 antiasthmatic, 18 anti-ulcerogenic, 19 antimicrobial, 13,14,20 etc. The presence of diverse groups of secondary metabolites has been detected in black turmeric with monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids being the major contributors to its essential oil. ...
Introduction:
Curcuma caesia (black turmeric), an essential oil-bearing rhizomatous herb has been a part of ethnomedicinal practices in India and southeast Asian countries since ancient time. Oleochemical profile of black turmeric has been investigated previously by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique from different geographical regions showing a large variation in the identity as well as abundance of the constituents.
Objectives:
To develop an analytical method for the reliable analysis of essential oil from black turmeric rhizome through identified chemical markers and to show the credibility of the developed method on real samples.
Methods:
The essential oil of black turmeric was analysed through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) based method using an internal standard.
Results:
Four thermolabile sesquiterpene markers were unambiguously identified from the essential oil of black turmeric rhizome. GC-MS based analysis produced an erroneous identification of the constituents. A standardised 1 H-NMR spectroscopy based method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the identified chemical markers. The developed method was further utilised for analysing the variation in oleochemical profile across multiple batches of harvest and the rhizomes subjected to different post-harvest storage or drying conditions.
Conclusion:
The identified marker molecules and developed 1 H -NMR spectroscopic method might prove to be a useful tool for the analysis of essential oil and quality control of this endangered crop material. Also, the present study provided information on the preferred drying and storage condition of black turmeric rhizome prior to the extraction of essential oil.
... The variations in chemical composition imply the possibility of different biological activities of the same plant species from different locations. A summary of the biological activities of different Curcuma essential oils is presented in Table 2. [75,163] Antidiabetic and hypoglycemic (in vivo, obese diabetic rats, ≥620 mg/kg/day) [164] Antiobesity (in vivo, obese diabetic rats, ≥620 mg/kg/day) [165] α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor [96,166,167] Antioxidant (in vitro, DPPH assay, FRAP assay, superoxide anion assay, and metal chelating assay) [50,74,168,169] Neuroprotective (in vivo, postmyocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats) [ [37,193,194] Insect repellent [194,195] Mosquitocidal (Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus) [194] Phytotoxic (Avena fatua, Echinochloa crus-galli, Allium cepa and Phalaris minor) [189] C. longa leaf EO Cytotoxic (in vitro, Hs578T and PC-3 cells) [94] Antibacterial [89,94,194] Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic [89,94,194] Mosquitocidal [89,94,194] C. zedoaria rhizome EO Antioxidant (in vitro, DPPH assay) [7,23,111,196,197] Cytotoxic (in vitro, SiHa, SNU-1, HepG2, AGS, B16BL6, SMMC-7721, SKOV3, H1299 and HL-60 cells) [7,110,114,198,199] Antiangiogenic (in vitro and in vivo) [200] Antitumor (in vivo, hepatoma-transplanted rats) [201][202][203] Hypoglycemic (in vivo, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats) [204] Anti-gingivitis (in vivo, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats) [ ...
... Curcuma zedoaria EO showed potent radical-scavenging effects evaluated by DPPH assay [7,23,111,196,197]. The strong antioxidant activity of C. zedoaria EO is utilized in the food industry to minimize or prevent lipid oxidation. ...
Members of the genus Curcuma L. have been used in traditional medicine for centuries for treating gastrointestinal disorders, pain, inflammatory conditions, wounds, and for cancer prevention and antiaging, among others. Many of the biological activities of Curcuma species can be attributed to nonvolatile curcuminoids, but these plants also produce volatile chemicals. Essential oils, in general, have shown numerous beneficial effects for health maintenance and treatment of diseases. Essential oils from Curcuma spp., particularly C. longa, have demonstrated various health-related biological activities and several essential oil companies have recently marketed Curcuma oils. This review summarizes the volatile components of various Curcuma species, the biological activities of Curcuma essential oils, and potential safety concerns of Curcuma essential oils and their components.
... Previous reports of phytochemical studies and bioactivities of Curcuma species presented several monoterpenoids in essential oils, diarylheptanoids of which curcuminoids are the significant bioactive compounds in some species and phenolics in extracts. The utilization of the Zingiberaceous plants can be attributed to biological activities which are antimicrobial, antioxidant, antityrosinase activities, and anti-inflammatory effect of some species which were reported in the previously published data [7][8][9]. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils and plant extracts have been recognized for many years. ...
... The monoterpenes, a-pinene, b-pinene, sesquiterpenes and germacrone, are most often found in the rhizome oil of Zingiberaceous plants collected from Ban Thum, Chiang Dao district, Chiang Mai Province [6]. There are several reports in the chemical composition of the essential oil from the rhizome of Curcuma species [6][7][8]14,20,22], but none for C. glans. Chemical analysis of the essential oils from rhizomes of the aforementioned Curcuma species collected in Thailand and their antimicrobial activities compared to the worldwidecultivated species, C. longa, were mentioned in this present study. ...
Objective: To investigate chemical constituents and new antimicrobial agents among essential oils from the rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa (C. aeruginosa) Roxb., Curcuma glans K. Larsen & J. Mood and Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza Roxb.
Methods: The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Agar-well diffusion assay was used to study the anti-microbial activity and also broth-micro dilution techniques were examined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four bacterial strains and yeast.
Results: The gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed monoterpenes predominantly (88.53%) in the rhizome oil of Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza. Sesquiterpenes (50.10%) was the most abundant component in the essential oil of C. glans, while monoterpenes (45.55%) and sesquiterpenes (45.81%) were found in C. aeruginosa with a significant amount. The major components of C. aeruginosa were characterized as camphor (29.39%) and germacrone (21.21%). Germacrone (15.76%), β-pinene (9.97%) and camphor (9.96%) were found as major compounds in the rhizome oils of C. glans while α-terpinolene (24.86%) and p-cymen-7-ol (12.17%) were found as major compositions in Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza. The essential oils were tested against four bacterial strains and yeast. As a result, the rhizome oil of C. aeruginosa exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus [inhibition zone (21.94 ± 0.24) mm, MIC 125 μg/mL], Bacillus cereus [inhibition zone (20.83 ± 0.36) mm, MIC 125 μg/mL], and Candida albicans [inhibition zone (11.60 ± 0.30) mm, MIC 250 μg/mL].
Conclusions: The essential oils from three Curcuma species possessed greater activity against the gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) than gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results suggest that the essential oils from the fresh rhizome of Curcuma spp. might be a potential source of natural antimicrobial substances.
... Antioxidant enzymatic molecules such as malondialdehyde, MDA, SOD, GPX, and no enzymatic molecules that are normally dispersed between the cytoplasm and other cell organelles (e.g., GSH, vitamins E, C, and trace metals like selenium) also operate as immediate ROS scavengers [2]. Curcuma Longa is a natural food dye, fragrance, antioxidant, and a component in a variety of medical preparations [3]. C. Longa's therapeutic benefits are related to the presence of curcumin (Cur), fundamental oils, and phenolic [4]. ...
The Aim: The goal of this study was to see if curcumin and vitamin C might protect male rats' blood from oxidative stress caused by naproxen using hematological criteria and antioxidant measures. Study Design: The rats were aged 2.5-3 months and contemplated (200-250) gm. The purpose of this study was to see if Cur and Vitamin C might protect male rats against oxidative damage caused by NP, as well as hematological. Place and Duration of Study: From April to October 2019, the experiment was conducted out on 48 male rats weighing between (200-250) gm and aged 2.5-3 months at the animal house of the faculty of science/university of Kufa. Methodology: The 48 male Wister albino rats were separated into six groups at random; Group (1) NP was administered orally to rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg (as positive control). Group (2) cur at a dose of 150 mg/kg was given orally to the rats as a treatment. Group (3) During a 14-day period, rats were given 150 mg/kg of vitamin C by oral administration. Group (4) cur (150 mg/kg) and Vitamin C (150 mg/kg) were given orally to the rats as a treatment. Group (5) The oral administration of NP (40 mg/kg) plus Cur (150 mg/kg) plus Vit C (150 mg/kg) was performed on rats. Group (6) normal saline solution was given to the rats orally during the experiment (as negative control). Results: Finishing the experiments, the findings displayed a considerable decrease (p<0.05) in the average of body weight, hemoglobin concentration (HB) and haematocrit ( HCT) while considerable increase (p<0.05) in the white blood cells(WBC) counts in the animals treated with NP compared to the control and other treated groups , while the results offered considerable increase (p <0.05) in the average of body contemplate , HB, HCT and a considerable decrease (p<0.05) in WBC rate in the animals treated with Cur, VitC, Cur+Vit C, Cur +Vit C+ Np compared the control group . Conclusion: In conclusion, whereas naproxen has a harmful impact on the body by increasing oxidative stress, curcumin and vitamin C operate as powerful antioxidant supplements that reduce malonal di aldehyde (MDA) and boost overall antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the body.
... On the other hand, curcumin and curcumenol showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. According to Angel et al. (2012), results obtained for antioxidant activity test revealed that curcumin possessed stronger antioxidant activity. ...
The experiment was conducted on “Cobb-500” broiler chicks to study the effects of Curcumazedoaria (shoti) on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters. A total of twentybroilers chicks (16 days old) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=4). Three groups ofbroilers fed shoti powder at the rate of 10%; 20%; 30% (w/w) with other ingredients for 22 days.Broilers chicks fed on maize-soybean were considered as positive control while non-protein controlwas regarded as negative control. The results showed that body weight of broilers fed 10% and 20%shoti meal grew very close to those of control (maize-soybean) group. After having completed thefeeding trial, the birds were sacrificed to collect blood sample for and biochemical analysis .Weightsof different organs and length of intestine were also measured. Results showed that decreaseddressed weight, weight of skin and liver were found in 30% shoti treated group compared to proteincontrol group. Intestinal weight was highest in 30% shoti treated group but length was similar to theprotein control group. Total erythrocytes count, hemoglobin content and PCV value were founddecreased in shoti treated group compared to protein control group but ESR value was highest in10% shoti treated group. Total cholesterol was found to be decreased in the birds fed on shoticompared to protein control and significantly higher than non-protein control group. Triglyceride valuedecreased in 10% shoti treated group compared to protein and non-protein control group. IncreasedHDL value was found in 10% shoti treated group compared to control groups and 20 % and 30 %shoti treated groups. Result of this experiment showed that body weight of birds significantly (p<0.05)increased in all shoti treated groups. Further investigations are necessary by using differentpercentages of shoti and other shoti type feed to determine the effects of this feed supplement onanimal’s physiology. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 293-301, August 2020
... In addition, the rhizomes are also employed in the treatment of skin disorders such as leukoderma, as a diuretic, in the treatment of piles, bronchitis, asthma, etc. [28][29][30] In Manipur regions of Northeastern India, the rhizome paste is conventionally used in the treatment of bruises and for relief of rheumatic pains. [31] The decoction of fresh rhizome is used in the treatment of diarrhea by Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. On the other hand, the paste of fresh rhizome is used by Khamti tribes of Lohit district in the treatment of snakebite and scorpion sting. ...
... Curcuma aeruginosa contains compounds with pharmacological activity, so it is good for health [2], [3] but has a bitter perception and less acceptable sensory characteristics [4], [5]. Therefore, Curcuma aeruginosa more widely used as a seasoning in culinary and health treatment [6], [7]. ...
Curcuma aeruginosa is one of the herbs with health benefits and has been used in traditional medicine, has the characteristic bitter taste, so that limited use was. The formation of walls in the active component coating process can minimize direct contact of bitter receptor cells in the oral peripherals so the perception of bitterness can be reduced. This study used a variation of the WPI concentration as the coating wall materials 10%, 15% and 20%. Formation of coating walls was analyzed using SEM later in the sensory test for effectiveness decreased level of bitterness. The addition of 10% WPI results in the best wall formation was in Curcuma aeruginosa, which could decrease perception of significant bitterness. In contrast to the addition of WPI 15% and 20% were found in an oval shape, craters and ruptures form on coating wall, reducing the protection of the core component and contact with bitter receptor cells in the oral peripheral resulting in bitters taste perception increasing.
... The extracts of the rhizomes of several Curcuma species, among them C. zedoaria, have been shown to act as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents [20,21]. The medicinal value of C. zedoaria is based on its essential oil constituents, terpens and other aromatic compounds [20,22]. L. inermis has been shown to contain several bioactive molecules and its pharmacological studies have indicated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic actions [23,24]. ...
We studied in vitro the potential of plant extracts to inhibit the infection caused by Ichthyophonus sp. in blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus). We inoculated Ichthyophonus sp. on agar plates where we placed the filter discs that were prepared by filtering the aqueous extracts (five concentrations) of ginger (Zingiber officinale), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), henna (Lawsonia inermis) and white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria). All plants inhibited the growth of Ichthyophonus sp. in the highest concentration (20%); Z. officinale appeared to be the most effective, whereas C. zedoaria was the least effective. This study suggests that widely available and inexpensive plant extracts might be effective natural agents to prevent the Ichthyophonus sp. infection in fish. More research is needed in order to ascertain the efficiency of the plant extracts in vivo as well as to find a proper practice used in aquaculture.
... The antibacterial properties have also shown the presence of phenolic compound. Terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and reported that the nonenzymatic extracts prove to be a better scavenger of free radical in comparison to enzymatic extracts in Curcuma species [27]. ...
Commonly known as ‘Black Turmeric’ is a perennial herb with bluish-black rhizome of the family Zingiberaceae. This species has been gradually increasing in popularity in the interested community for its unmatched medicinal properties. In ethno medicinal practices, the traditional healers use the genus Curcuma for the treatment of various types of diseases but Curcuma caesia Roxb. Is a very less known and almost untouched drug. Rhizomes of the plant have been explored for antifungal activity, smooth muscle relaxant and anti‑asthmatic activity, antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects, anxiolytic and CNS depressant activity, anti‑bacterial activity, anti‑ulcer activity and many other miscellaneous activities.
... The biological activity of C. caesia is because of presence of multiple active constituents mainly essential oils like camphor, ar-turmerone, (Z) ocemene, ar-curcumene,1,8-cineole, elemene, borneol, bornyl acetate, curcumene, etc (Pandey and Chowdhary, 2003). C. aromatica is a wild species of Curcuma used for treating skin eruptions, infections, complexion, cancer, and possess inhibitory activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli bacteria (Angel et al., 2012). ...
The aim of the present study is to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of alkaloids and flavonoids isolated from Curcuma species. To compare the potential of different constituents isolated from Curcuma species, the rhizomes of three species of Curcuma i.e. C. longa (Turmeric), C. caesia (Black turmeric) and C. aromatica (Wild turmeric) were processed and analyzed. Flavonoids and alkaloids were extracted using methanol and acetic acid, respectively. Antibiofilm activity of alkaloids and flavonoids was determined using Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which have unique properties to made biofilm very fast in solid surface as well as resist too many antibiotics. Results showed positive correlation with the concentration of alkaloids and flavonoids in both bacteria. The dispersal activity was further confirmed by the microscopic examination. In all the tests standard curcumin and camphor were used as a positive control. The flavonoid extract of C. aromatica showed pronounced zone of inhibition and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus in comparison to other two Curcuma species. In addition, alkaloid extract of C. aromatica exhibited maximum biofilm dispersal 89.22 ± 3.42% and antibiofilm activity 92.16 ± 0.76% against B. subtilis. C. aromatica which have a unique mechanism to inhibit the growth of bacteria in comparison to well explored C. longa.
... The extracts of the rhizomes of several Curcuma species, among them C. zedoaria, have been shown to act as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents [20,21]. The medicinal value of C. zedoaria is based on its essential oil constituents, terpens and other aromatic compounds [20,22]. L. inermis has been shown to contain several bioactive molecules and its pharmacological studies have indicated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic actions [23,24]. ...
We studied in vitro the potential of plant extracts to inhibit the infection caused by Ichthyophonus sp. in blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus). We inoculated Ichthyophonus sp. on agar plates where we placed the filter discs that were prepared by filtering the aqueous extracts (five concentrations) of ginger (Zingiber officinale), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), henna (Lawsonia inermis) and white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria). All plants inhibited the growth of Ichthyophonus sp. in the highest concentration (20%); Z. officinale appeared to be the most effective, whereas C. zedoaria was the least effective. This study suggests that widely available and inexpensive plant extracts might be effective natural agents to prevent the Ichthyophonus sp. infection in fish. More research is needed in order to ascertain the efficiency of the plant extracts in vivo as well as to find a proper practice used in aquaculture.
... The complex mixtures of essential oil components provide a characteristic aroma to plant foliage [11]. In general, the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil producing plants have been greatly associated with the environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, sunlight, harvesting season and soil properties as well as the maturity of the plant and its physiological and biosynthetic pathway [12][13][14][15][16]. Among them, the season and duration of sunlight may influence the chemistry of the plant, since many components may be stored at a specific period to respond to environmental changes [17]. ...
p> Objective: In the present study, the influence of harvesting time (April, June, August and October 2015) on the essential oil composition of Abies koreana twigs from Korea was investigated.
Methods: The essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Results: The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.76 to 1.20% depending on the month of harvesting. The GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 26 different essential oil components from the twigs harvested in the months of April, June, August and October, which were mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.63–72.38%) followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (18.82–25.96%). Harvesting time mainly influenced on the concentration of the major components of the essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana . Limonene (17.38–31.13%), bornyl acetate (13.22–21.17%), camphene (12.56–13.26%), α-pinene (11.05–13.02%), β-pinene (4.55–5.70%), 3-carene (5.21–6.43%) and β-eudesmol (1.49–8.24%) were detected as the major components in the essential oil.
Conclusion: The main differences between the essential oil compositions of four different months can be referred to limonene and bornyl acetate. The results showed considerable variations in the composition of essential oil, particularly quantitative variation during different harvesting months.</p
... Most of the oils possessed high antioxidant activity, which was moderately correlated with phenolic content. Oils from C. Caesia exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against B. Subtilis 22 . v)A comparative study of phenol content and antioxidant activity between nonconventional Curcuma caesia Roxb. ...
Curcuma caesia is commonly known as kali haldi and it belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. This
herb is available throughout north-east, central India, Papi Hills of East Godavari, West Godavari,
and Andhra Pradesh. In the traditional system of medicine, fresh and dried rhizomes of Curcuma
caesia Roxb are used in treating leucoderma, asthma, tumours, piles, bronchitis, bruises etc. In
this review article various established facts related to the plant Curcuma caesia have been
compiled so that proper scientific methods can be initiated to validate its traditional uses and
open the door for a source of potential drugs in near future.
... They occur in wild and cultivated forms and are widely distributed throughout the tropics of Asia, Africa and Australia. The most common species is C. Longa or turmeric, which is used as a natural food colourant and as an ingredient in various medicinal formulations [1] The medicinal properties of C. Longa have been attributed to the presence of curcumin, essential oils and phenolics [2] . The unutilized species, as well as C. Caesia, and C. aamda possess a wide range of medicinal properties. ...
The zingiberacea the largest family in zingeberales comprises generally 300 genera and 1000 species. The present study aim at comparing the TPC and TFC in conventional and Non conventional species of curcuma. The TPC of all three species ranged from 92.30±0.05 to 260 ± 0.025 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and total flavonoid content ranged from 22.52±0.015 to 79.36±0.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g. The results of the study highlighted that conventional curcuma species had higher phenolic and flavonoid content.
... The rhizome extract of C. aromatica is effective against various multiresistant urinary tract infection pathogens P. aeruginosa, Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and E.coli [47]. C.aromatica oils also produced high inhibitory activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli bacteria [48]. It also showed potential antimicrobial properties against several human pathogenic bacteria including B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and S. dysenteriae [3]. ...
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. mentioned as 'Vanaharidra' in Ayurveda, belongs to the 'ginger family' Zingiberaceae. It is a perennial herb with characteristic aromatic rhizomes used in many traditional systems of medicines in India, China and other Southeast Asian countries. The rhizome of the plant is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, curcuminoids, tannins and terpenoids which are reported to be the reasons for its various pharmacological properties. The extraction of compounds in different solvents shows that the plant contains curdione, neocurdione, germacrone as its major components. Extensive literature survey showed that the plant has anticancerous, anti-obesity,anti-acne, antitussive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and wound healing properties. The rhizome extract of the plant is highly effective against many human pathogens as well as microorganisms causing food spoilage and food borne diseases. The plant thus proves to be a promising candidate for the development and designing of modern drugs for several diseases. The present study was aimed to review the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. aromatica Salisb. INTRODUCTION Curcuma aromatica Salisb., the wild turmeric, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is a threatened aromatic medicinal plant, well known for its multifaceted properties. It is mentioned as 'Vanaharidra' in Ayurveda. The medicinal properties of this plant are being used in many traditional systems of medicines like Ayurveda and Unani. It is also one of the ingredients of many herbal medicines used in China and other South East Asian countries. Knowledge about the plants that has been used in traditional systems of medicine is helpful for the development of modern medicines by scientific approaches. Investigation of bioactive compounds in such plants is a novel area in pharmacological research. The use of this plant for many purposes has become more significant in the light of many scientific literatures published in the past decade showing its multifaceted properties. Description and distribution C. aromatica Salisb. is widely found in South Asian regions. It is found to be distributed from China southwards to Srilanka [1]. In India, it is seen in Himalaya region and Western Ghats. It is cultivated in some southern parts of India along with turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). The plant is an erect, perennial, rhizomatous herb propagated by rhizomes. The aboveground appearance of the plant is more similar to C. longa but the rhizomes are
... The activity of ethyl acetate oleoresin was also higher than BHA while ethanol oleoresin showed least reducing power among all tested substances. The results of complementary antioxidant assays were in good agreement with the previous work reported in literature (Angel, Vimala, & Bala, 2012;Sumathi et al., 2013). ...
Anthocyanins are pigments found in foods that are black, blue, or purple in hue, and they include numerous nutrients and health advantages. Black wheat is high in on average, 100 g of black wheat include 71 g of carbohydrates, 13 g of protein, 10 g of fiber, and 3.40 g of fat. Black rice has a high protein content of 8.5 gram per 100 gram, iron of 3.5 gram, and fibre of 4.9 gram. Protein content in black soybeans is considerable (32-43.6 percent). It also contains carbohydrates, (31.7-31.85 percent), lipids (15.5-24.7 percent), water (5.6-11.5 percent), minerals. The lipid makeup of black soybeans is 86 percent unsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic (6.48-11.6 percent), linolenic (0.72-2.16 percent), and oleic acids (3.15-8.82 percent) being particularly good to human health. A variety of nutrients can be found in black sesame seeds. Black sesame seeds have the following nutrients in just 2 tablespoons (14 gram): 100 calories 3 gram of protein 9 gram of fat, 4 gram of carbohydrates, 2 gram of fiber Copper: 83 percent of the Daily Value (DV), Manganese: 22 percent of the DV, Iron: 15 percent of the DV, Zinc: 9 percent of the DV, Calcium: 18 percent of the DV, Magnesium: 16 percent of the DV, Phosphorus: 11 percent of the DV, Copper: 83 percent of the DV, Manganese: 22 percent of the DV, Zinc: 9 percent of the DV 1 gram saturated fat 3 gram monounsaturated fat, 4 gram polyunsaturated fat. About 378 calories are found in 100 gram of kala chana. There are 20 gram of protein, 63 gram of carbohydrates, 12 gram of dietary fiber, and 6 gram of total fat in this meal. In addition, kala chana contains 718 mg of potassium and 57mg of calcium. In 15 grams of peeled black garlic, there are:Calories: 40, Page2 protein, 0 g fat, 0 g carbohydrate 8 grammes of carbohydrates 3 g of fibre, 4 g of sugar, Vitamin C, B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6), Folate, Calcium, Manganese, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Zinc, and Iron are all present in significant amounts in black garlic. Chia seed is underutilized pseudo cereal with high amount of nutrients like protein (15-25%), carbohydrates (26-41%), dietary fiber (18-30%), ash (4-5%) and lipids (40%) of which 60% is omega-3. The nutrition facts for two small-to-medium raw carrots (100 grams) are: calories (41), water (88%), protein (0.9 grams), iron (0.4 mg), calcium (20 mg), vitamin-C (1.2 mg), carbs (9.6 grams), sugar (4.7 grams), fiber (2.8 grams) and fat (0.2 grams). The seeds contain a yellowish volatile oil (0.5-1.6%), a fixed oil (35.6-41.6%) and proteins (22.7%). Black cumin seed contains fatty acids (e.g. palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid). Calories (7.1), carbohydrates (1.3 g), fiber (0.4 g),protein (0.2 g), fat (0.2 g), Omega-3 Fatty Acids (9.6 mg), vitamin C (0.5 mg), vitamin B 3 (0.1 mg), vitamin K (0.3 mcg), calcium (3.7 mg), iron (0.8 mg), magnesium (3.9 mg),phosphorus (5.4 mg),potassium (50.5 mg), copper (0.02 mg), zinc (0.1 mg), manganese (0.2 mg) and selenium (0.1 mcg) as the major constituents,
Plants are the primary source of the food chain and are rich in nutrients and biochemical compounds that mainly give beneficial effects to humans as well as other living organisms. Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a family member of Zingiberaceae commonly known as black turmeric. The leaves and rhizomes of this plant are extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine and as traditional remedies for various ailments. The aromatic rhizomes and leaves are due to the presence of essential oils reported as camphor, ar-turmerone, (Z)-β-ocimene, ar-curcumene, 1,8-cineole, β-elemene, borneol, bornyl acetate, tropolone, ledol, β-elemenone, and α-bulnesene. Previous research studies have revealed most of the biological activities of C. caesia, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are due to the presence of various bioactive components. The diverse chemical composition contained in this plant contributes to various biological activities, which may be beneficial for the health, food, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this review was to summarise updated research on the in vitro and in vivo activities of C. caesia as well as the current clinical investigations. A compilation of the latest findings regarding the potential activities of C. caesia and mechanisms related to its health benefits is discussed and reviewed. This valuable information is the key that can be used for the development of drugs, functional food ingredients, and food products.
Black Turmeric is exceedingly beneficial in every way. It is good for fever, Joint pain, Skin disorder, Vomiting, Abdominal cramp, Cough and various other illnesses too. It act as a boon and very much effective in nature. The present study shows and explain its various activities which are highly in use and useful too. It act as a superfood too that help in maintaining our immune system. One should add this delight in daily diet too. Curcuma Caesia is very helpful in healing cuts/wounds even snakes bite too. This paper will help all the understanding the true medicinal value of plant Caesia
Việc sử dụng thực vật như một loại dược liệu từ lâu đã phổ biến trong các bài thuốc cổ truyền. Những năm gần đây, các hợp chất thiên nhiên có hoạt tính chống oxy hóa và kháng vi sinh vật với hiệu quả cao, ít độc hại và đáng tin cậy được đang được nhiều người lựa chọn và có tính ứng dụng cao. Từ đó một số giống cây khá hiếm, tuy khả năng chữa trị chưa có bằng chứng khoa học lại được bán với giá cao, ví dụ như cây ngải tím (Kaempferia galanga). Nga truật, hay nghệ đen (Curcuma zedoaria) được biết đến như một loại thuốc thông dụng và hiệu quả. Đề tài này thực hiện nhằm xác định thành phần hóa học, khảo sát tính chống oxi hóa, kháng vi sinh vật của cao chiết ethanol của thân rễ hai loại cây dược liệu trên. Kết quả cho thấy ly trích bằng hệ thống Soxhlet với dung môi ethanol đối với củ ngải tím đạt hiệu suất 3,54±1,17% khối lượng khô, đối với củ nghệ đen đạt hiệu suất 4,79±0,78% khối lượng khô. Định tính cao chiết ngải tím có phenolic, flavoinoid, coumarin, alkaloid, terpennoid, saponine, quinone. Hàm lượng phenol tổng và flavol tổng của cao chiết ngải tím lần lượt
tương đương 12,85 mg gallic acid/g cao chiết và 7,95 mg quercetin/g cao chiết. Tương tự trong cao chiết nghệ đen có có phenolic, flavoinoid, coumarin, alkaloid, terpennoid, hàm lượng phenol tổng và flavol tổng lần lượt tương đương 21,56 mg gallic acid/g cao chiết và 3,66 mg quercetin/g cao chiết. Khả năng làm sạch gốc tự do DPPH: cao chiết ngải tím có IC50 là 142,55 μg/mL và cao chiết nghệ đen là 133,91 μg/mL, thể hiện khả năng chống oxi hóa thấp so với vitamin C (7,28 μg/mL). Khả năng làm sạch gốc tự do ABTS·+: cao chiết ngải tím có IC50 là 46,28 μg/mL và cao chiết nghệ đen là 44,88 μg/mL, khả năng chống oxi hóa thấp hơn so với vitamin E (4,38 μg/mL). Hai loại cao chiết đều thể hiện khả năng kháng đối với 4 loại vi sinh vật Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa và Candida albicans ở nồng độ 50 mg/mL. Kết quả kháng mạnh nhất đối với Pseudomonas aeruginosa lần lượt là ngải tím (13 mm) và nghệ đen (10,67 mm). Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (MIC) của cao chiết ngải tím đối với P. aeruginosa là 10 mg/mL, với C. albicans là 4 mg/mL. MIC của cao chiết nghệ đen đối với E. coli là là 8 mg/mL, đối với P. aeruginosa là 6 mg/mL, đối với S. aureus là 8 mg/mL. Kết quả đề tài cho thấy khả năng chống oxi hóa giữa hai loại cao chiết tương đương nhau. Cao chiết ngải tím có khả năng kháng nấm tốt hơn, trong khi cao chiết nghệ đen thể hiện khả năng kháng mạnh hơn đối với vi khuẩn.
Từ khóa: Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, ngải tím, nghệ đen,
cao chiết, thành phần hóa học, chống oxi hóa, kháng vi sinh.
Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a perennial, erect rhizomatous herb with large leaves, commonly known as kali haldi. It belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is a multipurpose medicinal plant widely used in the traditional system of medicine, mainly fresh and dried rhizomes, in treating leucoderma, asthma, tumours, piles, bronchitis, bruises, snack bites, etc. The plant is reported to contain camphor, ar-turmerone, (Z)-ocimene, ar-curcumene, 1, 8-cineole, elemene, borneol, bornyl acetate and curcumin as the major constituents. The plant has been scientifically reported to have antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic activities. Other medicinal properties are muscle relaxant, analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory. It is now considered as one of the potential sources of unique natural products for the development of medicines. In the present review article various established facts related to the plant Curcuma caesia have been compiled so that proper scientific methods can be initiated to validate its traditional uses and open the door for a source of potential drugs in near future.
The chemical composition of essential oils from eight underutilized starchy Curcuma species was studied and the components identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oil in the rhizomes ranged from 0.38 ml in Curcuma aeruginosa to 1.4 ml/100 g fw in Curcuma zedoaria. The compounds 1,8 cineole, camphor, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene were present in most of the species. Each Curcuma species was characterized by the presence of unique compounds which varied in concentration from 0.25 to 70%. These included α-fenchene in Curcuma sylvatica, curcumenene in Curcuma malabarica, elemenone in Curcuma rakthakanta, epicurzerenone and curzerene in Curcuma zedoaria, curdione and xanthorhizol in Curcuma aromatica, and β-eudesmol in Curcuma aeruginosa. The different species were grouped on the basis of essential oil composition and a dendrogram consisting of four clusters was constructed. In view of the ambiguity existing in the classification of different Curcuma species, the essential oil composition could be an important tool for species identification and authentication.
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